[ { "name": "Aamjiwnaang First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — listing address only", "overview": "Aamjiwnaang’s history page, credited to David D. Plain, describes an earlier territory spanning both sides of the St. Clair waterway. A 2015 community publication documents Maajiigin Gumig’s native-plant and learning aims.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. This is an organizational relationship; membership alone does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, citizenship, jurisdiction or representation of another named community.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "A community historian’s account of changing territory", "text": "David D. Plain’s Nation-hosted account places eighteenth-century Aamjiwnaang around the waterway between Lakes Huron and Erie. It describes wars, epidemics and land transactions that reduced territory and separated communities across the international border. The account also records the revival of Aamjiwnaang as the name of the community at Sarnia. Its historical narrative offers a starting point for reading the longer histories it links.", "sourceIds": [ "c05-on-aam-history-20261027" ] }, { "title": "Maajiigin Gumig and native-plant stewardship", "text": "Aamjiwnaang’s report of the September 2015 greenhouse opening describes Maajiigin Gumig as a community native-plant project. Its planned work included plant rescue and restoration, seed collection, propagation and learning across generations. The report identifies outside funders and training partners while emphasizing that the greenhouse belonged to Aamjiwnaang’s initiative. These are the project’s stated aims at opening.", "sourceIds": [ "c05-on-aam-greenhouse-2015-20261027" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c05-on-aam-history-20261027", "title": "History — Early History and Modern History", "publisher": "Aamjiwnaang First Nation; historical account courtesy of David D. Plain", "url": "https://www.aamjiwnaang.ca/history/", "type": "Community-authored public history", "topics": [ "Aamjiwnaang", "Naming", "Territory", "Colonial history" ], "annotation": "David D. Plain’s account, hosted by Aamjiwnaang, describes an earlier cross-border territory and contraction through war, disease and land transactions. Historical figures and treaty summaries need their stated context.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual Early History and Modern History bodies (web lines 220–230) read; headings and chief chronology inspected only to bound use.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "author": "David D. Plain (credited for historical sections)", "dateBasis": "No publication date stated; the page’s “recently” and “today” are not assigned a new date.", "perspective": "Nation-hosted historical account credited to a named community historian.", "accessLimits": "Linked longer histories, maps and historical documents were not opened. No present population, acreage, officeholder or legal-status claim adopted.", "conflictNotes": "History page explains the name as an important gathering place; homepage gives “at the spawning stream.” No single English gloss asserted.", "sourceUnitKey": "aamjiwnaang-plain-public-history" }, { "id": "c05-on-aam-greenhouse-2015-20261027", "title": "Maajiigin Gumig — Greenhouse Grand Opening, September 16, 2015", "publisher": "Aamjiwnaang First Nation", "url": "https://www.aamjiwnaang.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/greenhouse-grand-opening-sharilyn-version.pdf", "type": "Community publication / environmental program history", "topics": [ "Native plants", "Stewardship", "Intergenerational learning", "Aamjiwnaang" ], "annotation": "The community’s opening report describes a native-plant greenhouse and planned restoration, seed and learning activities. Its 2015 plans are read as program history, not a current service schedule.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete one-page PDF text: title/date, project paragraph, proposed initiatives and credited partners. Photographic collage viewed only as document context, not cleared for media reuse.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "eventDate": "2015-09-16", "dateBasis": "Event date printed on page; exact publication day not stated.", "perspective": "Community celebration and program account, including corporate sponsorship; this is not an independent outcome evaluation.", "accessLimits": "No current operating hours, plant-use instructions or medicine detail adopted; photographs have no separately verified reuse license.", "sourceUnitKey": "aamjiwnaang-maajiigin-opening-2015" } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page 18 (zero-based 17), Southwest member-listing block: exact name and explicit ON address locality only. Parenthetical alternate name retained only where printed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "access": "Public PDF selectable text actually inspected; no account or subscription needed for this inspection", "selectedPages": [ 18 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 17 ], "selectedLines": "1918-1921", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Read David D. Plain’s longer historical works and corroborating archival material beyond the short web account.", "Review community-directed environmental research and later greenhouse reports for outcomes and changes since 2015.", "Resolve the different English explanations of the name in community web publications without imposing a single gloss." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "Two directly relevant works have been read for a bounded starting guide. The selected perspectives and periods leave substantial community history and later developments unreviewed.", "remainingLimits": [ "Read David D. Plain’s longer historical works and corroborating archival material beyond the short web account.", "Review community-directed environmental research and later greenhouse reports for outcomes and changes since 2015.", "Resolve the different English explanations of the name in community web publications without imposing a single gloss." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "c05-on-aam-history-20261027", "c05-on-aam-greenhouse-2015-20261027" ], "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "startingGuide": { "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c05-on-aam-history-20261027", "reason": "Begin with the Nation-hosted account credited to its named historian." }, { "sourceId": "c05-on-aam-greenhouse-2015-20261027", "reason": "Read a dated community publication that connects native plants, restoration and intergenerational learning." } ], "remainingQuestions": [ "Read David D. Plain’s longer historical works and corroborating archival material beyond the short web account.", "Review community-directed environmental research and later greenhouse reports for outcomes and changes since 2015.", "Resolve the different English explanations of the name in community web publications without imposing a single gloss." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "batchId": "starter-guides-05", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "researchComplete": false, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "imageRecordId": "c05-on-aam-stclair-regional-2012" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "aamjiwnaang-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "originalId": 1, "name": "Abenaki", "region": "Northeast / Québec and New England", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Abenaki histories connect waterways and communities across the present Canada–United States border. This collection centers publications by Odanak, Wôlinak, and W8banaki institutions, with historical writing by Joseph Laurent and a provincial reference. It follows colonial change, basketry and forest care, language learning, community research, museum work, foodways, and governmental priorities.", "sections": [ { "title": "Names, communities, and the homeland beyond borders", "text": "W8banaki’s own historical account explains its preferred name through dawn and land and locates Ndakina across present-day Québec and New England. Waterways organize this geography: rivers connect communities, seasonal work, travel, and relationships with neighboring peoples. Québec’s provincial profile locates Odanak and Wôlinak near the Saint-François and Bécancour rivers on the south side of the St. Lawrence. It also acknowledges members living elsewhere in North America. The two community locations are therefore starting points for understanding a much larger homeland. Abenaki should also be distinguished from the wider Wabanaki grouping, which connects distinct nations rather than identifying a single government or language.", "sourceIds": [ "a1-history", "quebec", "a1-foodways" ] }, { "title": "Colonial pressures and the continuation of land-based life", "text": "The Nation’s historical synthesis places seventeenth- and eighteenth-century epidemics, military conflict, trade, and colonial land grants within an already inhabited landscape. War drove movements toward safer settlements and missions, while families continued using routes across Ndakina. Its account follows hunting, fishing, guiding, and forestry work after the change of colonial rule in 1763, and explains how settlement and private hunting clubs restricted access. This is a history of changing opportunities and constraints rather than a simple migration that ended all southern connections. The Foodways guide brings that history into an educational account of adaptation and continuing relationships. Detailed local experiences and the interpretation of individual colonial records still require further study.", "sourceIds": [ "a1-history", "a1-foodways" ] }, { "title": "What archaeology at Fort Odanak can establish", "text": "A public booklet by Louis-Vincent Laperrière-Désorcy, Sarah Robert, and Allison Bain explains archaeological work undertaken with the Nation and its museum. It describes the mission at Saint-François-de-Sales, its destruction in the 1759 attack, and rebuilding by the community. More than a list of discoveries, the booklet explains how soil layers, artifacts, radiocarbon dating, and plant and animal remains are interpreted together. Food-storage pits and refuse deposits provide evidence of fishing, hunting, cultivated crops, and the incorporation of European foods. The authors connect these findings with household work and women’s and children’s contributions. This is a study of a particular historical place, with evidence and interpretive methods readers can examine. It does not date the origins of Abenaki people or describe every family’s diet across Ndakina.", "sourceIds": [ "a1-archaeology-food" ] }, { "title": "Basketry links skilled work, family travel, and forest care", "text": "Québec’s account connects ash and sweetgrass basketry with winter production and summer sales in the United States, followed by changing commercial arrangements. The May 2022 Pilaskw report adds named community perspectives: Daniel G. Nolett presented family photographs of basket booths in New England, and Suzie O’Bomsawin discussed research on harvesting, production, and sales routes. A 2022 Ndakina report carries these relationships into conservation. Members linked the future of black ash to basket makers’ livelihoods, knowledge transmission, and women’s work; environmental teams combined forest surveys with community knowledge of suitable trees. The report also records concern that a proposed species listing could restrict basket sales. That is a dated community policy position, alongside concern about the emerald ash borer, rather than a statement of current law or present forest conditions.", "sourceIds": [ "quebec", "pilaskw22", "a1-ash" ] }, { "title": "Language writing and teaching across generations", "text": "Joseph Laurent’s 1884 New Familiar Abenakis and English Dialogues offers an Abenaki-authored historical starting point. Its preface identifies two purposes: helping young Abenaki learn English and preserving Abenaki through written explanations. Its alphabet and pronunciation material show an author making choices for particular readers, not an outside collector simply recording a supposedly disappearing people. Those choices and the period’s terminology need context. A very different resource appears in Winter 2024 Pilaskw: Neg8nsosakilal8mow8gan, a language application using remastered recordings, everyday words, and illustrations largely made by a young woman from Wôlinak. The dated report connects inherited voices with new forms of learning. It documents an initiative and its goals without measuring present fluency or establishing that every digital feature remains available.", "sourceIds": [ "a1-laurent", "pilaskw24" ] }, { "title": "A museum that records living community and artistic work", "text": "The Musée des Abénakis dates its work at Odanak to 1965 and describes representation and transmission as core responsibilities. Its 2024–2025 activity report makes that mission more concrete. It records the opening of the W8banakiak permanent exhibition in June 2024, describes collecting photographs and objects from community life, and includes contemporary art, music, theatre, and film among the heritage being preserved. The report also distinguishes materials from other Indigenous nations in its collections. A work shown at an Abenaki museum is therefore not automatically Abenaki in origin. Reading the report beside the institution’s mission connects public interpretation with collecting decisions, education, and documented activities during a particular year.", "sourceIds": [ "museum", "a1-museumreport" ] }, { "title": "Research, archaeology, and responsibilities to heritage", "text": "The Bureau du Ndakina describes its role in supporting the Odanak and Wôlinak councils through historical, archaeological, environmental, and territorial research. Its mandate connects knowledge gathering with consultation, stewardship, climate adaptation, and relationships with members. The public 2025 archaeology protocol explains what community participation should mean in work involving sites, belongings, institutions, and development. Its summary emphasizes responsibility for preserving and transmitting heritage, the integration of community knowledge, and shared decisions. The file’s cover calls it preliminary, a qualification that matters: its publication does not by itself establish adoption or implementation. These sources make the Nation’s own role in research visible rather than treating archaeology as something done only by outside experts.", "sourceIds": [ "a1-ndakina", "a1-protocol" ] }, { "title": "Governance and priorities identified by the communities", "text": "Wôlinak’s strategic plan sets out a vision of collective well-being, cultural confidence, employment, economic autonomy, and greater control over community affairs. Its mission identifies education, health, housing, income security, employability, and territorial resources among council responsibilities. The document has a 2023–2028 cover and February 2022 internal update labels; its goals need to be read within that planning context. Odanak’s Winter 2024 newspaper adds a different dated perspective: the chief discusses future self-government, citizenship-code deliberations, sustainable revenues, and participation by members. These are community discussions and priorities. They do not establish that a proposed governmental transition has occurred or that every planned service or business has been completed.", "sourceIds": [ "a1-wolinak", "pilaskw24" ] }, { "title": "Foodways as a path into history and contemporary learning", "text": "The Abenaki Foodways Project’s educator guide was developed with W8banaki citizens and collaborators across Ndakina. It brings farming, fishing, gathering, and care for land into the same learning framework as history and sovereignty. Its agricultural section connects crops that store well with seasonal needs, then describes present community gardens, seed sharing, and planting around public spaces. This is a useful introduction to how food, land, and teaching meet. The guide also identifies its contributors and conditions of use. Readers should follow its original lessons and distinguish a classroom synthesis from the varied experiences of individual households or a full study of every part of the homeland.", "sourceIds": [ "a1-foodways" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "a1-history", "title": "Histoire de la Nation", "publisher": "W8banaki", "url": "https://gcnwa.com/histoire-de-la-nation/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Homelands", "History" ], "annotation": "Substantial nation-published history. Read naming, waterways, colonial rivalry, and the continuation of land-based work after 1763. Attributes its historical interpretation and gives references. Its broad historical labels and territorial claims require context; no present population figure or precise ancient ethnic identification is derived from it.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "quebec", "title": "Profile of the Abenakis", "publisher": "Gouvernement du Québec", "url": "https://www.quebec.ca/en/government/quebec-at-a-glance/first-nations-and-inuit/profile-of-the-nations/abenakis", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Homelands", "History", "Economy" ], "annotation": "Provincial profile updated May 22, 2025. Read the community-location, basketry, and economic paragraphs. Its administrative frame covers Québec and cannot define the entire homeland. Current population and speaker figures are not used. The museum’s own record is preferred for its 1965 founding date.", "publicationDate": "2025-05-22", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "pilaskw22", "title": "Pilaskw — May 2022: Beyond Borders and community priorities", "publisher": "Conseil des Abénakis d’Odanak", "url": "https://caodanak.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/PILASKW_-Juin-2022_ENG.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "History", "Homelands", "Culture", "Community voices" ], "annotation": "Inspected printed pp. 1–2, especially the April 2022 UVM event report and named Odanak speakers’ accounts of basket sales, travel, and historical research. The issue is dated May despite its June upload path. Criticisms of Vermont recognition are the council’s attributed position, not an Atlas adjudication.", "publicationDate": "2022-05", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "a1-ash", "title": "Rapport sur la démarche de concertation par rapport au frêne noir", "publisher": "Bureau du Ndakina, with the Odanak and Wôlinak environment offices", "url": "https://gcnwa.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Rapport_Frene_noir_2021-2022.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Basketry", "Stewardship", "Environment", "Community voices" ], "annotation": "March 31, 2022 report. Inspected summary, community consultation, inventory methods, and discussion, especially printed pp. 5–6, 13–25. Combines member priorities with forest surveys. Positions about a proposed species listing are dated advocacy; neither current regulations nor present forest health is inferred. Detailed mapped locations are not reproduced.", "publicationDate": "2022-03-31", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "a1-laurent", "title": "New Familiar Abenakis and English Dialogues", "publisher": "Joseph Laurent / Léger Brousseau; public-domain scan hosted by Internet Archive", "url": "https://archive.org/details/newfamiliaraben01laurgoog", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Writing", "Primary records" ], "annotation": "1884 Abenaki-authored book. Inspected title pages, preface pp. 5–6, alphabet and opening pronunciation material through public-domain OCR. Laurent identifies teaching English to young Abenaki and preserving Abenaki as purposes. The complete dictionary and etymologies have not been reviewed; spelling and colonial-era terms need historical context.", "publicationDate": "1884", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "pilaskw24", "title": "Pilaskw — Winter/January 2024: language work and governance", "publisher": "Conseil des Abénakis d’Odanak", "url": "https://caodanak.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/PILASKW_Janvier-2024_ENG.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Governance", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Inspected printed p. 1 on governance discussion and p. 6 on Neg8nsosakilal8mow8gan. The report explains remastered recordings and community contributions to an application. Announced objectives are not a current speaker census, an independent evaluation of learning, or confirmation of present app availability.", "publicationDate": "2024-01", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "museum", "title": "About the Musée des Abénakis", "publisher": "Musée des Abénakis, Odanak", "url": "https://museeabenakis.ca/en/about-the-museum/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Culture", "History", "Education" ], "annotation": "Read the museum’s history, mission, and values. Odanak-based institution explains its work since 1965 and its responsibilities in representation and transmission. This institutional account is distinct from its dated activity report; officeholders and visitor totals are not treated as permanent facts.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "a1-museumreport", "title": "Rapport d’activités 2024–2025", "publisher": "Musée des Abénakis / Société historique d’Odanak", "url": "https://museeabenakis.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Rapport-dactivites-2024-2025.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Culture", "Collections", "Education", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Twenty-page activity report. Inspected PDF pp. 3–11: leadership accounts, collection priorities, exhibitions, and cultural activities. Records the June 21, 2024 opening of W8banakiak and distinguishes collections from other Indigenous nations. Its 2024–2025 reporting period is retained; the 2026 URL path is not presented as the activity date.", "publicationDate": "2024–2025 reporting period", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "a1-protocol", "title": "Protocole d’intendance du patrimoine archéologique de la Nation W8banaki — mise à jour 2025", "publisher": "W8banaki / Bureau du Ndakina", "url": "https://gcnwa.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Protocole_intendance-du-patrimoine-archeologique-W8banaki_revision_2025-11-12_VF.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Archaeology", "Heritage", "Research ethics", "Governance" ], "annotation": "Inspected cover, authorship and summary, printed pp. ii–iv. The cover explicitly says Version préliminaire and the text carries April 2025 headings despite the later file path. Used for its stated stewardship aims and community participation, not as proof of legal adoption or full implementation. Remaining chapters await detailed review.", "publicationDate": "2025; public file marked preliminary", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "a1-ndakina", "title": "Bureau du Ndakina: mandate and territory stewardship", "publisher": "W8banaki", "url": "https://gcnwa.com/bureau-du-ndakina/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Governance", "Homelands", "Environment", "Research" ], "annotation": "Read the department’s substantive mandate and description of its guardians initiative, not only the directory or linked bibliography. Explains support for Odanak and Wôlinak in research, consultation, environment and climate adaptation. Linked reports not separately inspected are not counted; staff listings are not used as lasting facts.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "a1-wolinak", "title": "Plan stratégique 2023–2028", "publisher": "Conseil des Abénakis de Wôlinak", "url": "https://cawolinak.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/Plan-Strategique-CAW-1.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Governance", "Economy", "Education", "Community priorities" ], "annotation": "Seven-page council planning document. Inspected mission, vision, values and situation analysis, PDF pp. 2–4. The cover says 2023–2028 while internal update labels say February 2022; retain that distinction. Its aspirations for services, autonomy, land and participation do not establish completed projects.", "publicationDate": "Cover: 2023–2028; internal update: February 2022", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "a1-foodways", "title": "The Abenaki: Land, Foodways, History, and Living Culture — A Guide for Educators", "publisher": "Abenaki Foodways Project, in collaboration with the W8banaki Nation", "url": "https://www.abenakifoodways.com/s/AFP_EducatorGuide.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Foodways", "Education", "Agriculture", "Stewardship" ], "annotation": "Fourteen-page public guide; inspected credits and pp. 3–12 on identity, territory, history, farming and stewardship. Names community contributors and offers classroom connections. A collaborative educational interpretation with stated use conditions; lessons and images are linked in their original form. Its broad comparisons are not applied uniformly to every family.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "a1-archaeology-food", "title": "L’archéologie à Odanak : l’alimentation à travers le temps", "publisher": "Bureau du Ndakina / Université Laval, with the W8banaki Nation and Musée des Abénakis", "author": "Louis-Vincent Laperrière-Désorcy, Sarah Robert and Allison Bain", "url": "https://gcnwa.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/NDA_Larcheologie-a-Odanak-8.5-x-11-po-3.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Archaeology", "History", "Foodways", "Research methods" ], "annotation": "Thirteen-page collaborative public booklet. Inspected credits and PDF pp. 3–9 on Fort Odanak history, stratigraphy, dating, food-storage pits, animal remains and cultivated plants. Explains research at one site, not a complete picture of all Abenaki foodways. No publication year is printed in the inspected opening; the 2026 upload path is not used as a firm publication date.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "preferredName": "Abenaki · W8banaki", "relationshipNote": "This profile centers Odanak, Wôlinak, and their shared W8banaki institutions. Abenaki is not interchangeable with the wider Wabanaki grouping. Historical umbrella labels, present governments, citizenship, and administrative recognition must be distinguished; this directory does not determine identity or represent a single institution as speaking for everyone using the name.", "researchGaps": [ "Broaden the collection through substantial, fully inspected historical scholarship, oral-history projects and public writing addressing particular places and families throughout the homeland. The current selection centers Odanak and Wôlinak rather than claiming complete regional coverage.", "Compare colonial missions, military violence, settlement and land restrictions through original records and community interpretations. A broad historical synthesis cannot settle each event, local chronology or territorial claim.", "Develop a carefully attributed account of contested contemporary identity and recognition claims, including the relevant nations’ positions, state records, and the perspectives and evidence of those whose claims are disputed. The May 2022 Odanak report is one primary position, not an independent adjudication.", "Inspect more of Laurent’s dictionary and later language scholarship with appropriate orthographic context; seek dated evaluations of community language teaching rather than inferring results from project announcements.", "Follow the black-ash work, Wôlinak planning goals, Odanak governance discussions and preliminary archaeology protocol through later community reports, distinguishing plans, adoption and demonstrated outcomes.", "Add more first-person public accounts by women, young people, artists, basket makers and land users, and seek community review of scope and interpretations. The twelve-source target is separate from an adequacy assessment, a completed deep dive or community review." ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "researchLeads": [ { "url": "https://www.abbemuseum.org/about-the-wabanaki-nations", "title": "Abbe Museum. About the Wabanaki Nations. Museum account developed around the living nations of the region.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://sova.si.edu/record/naa.1976-95/ref14822?q=Specifications", "title": "Smithsonian National Anthropological Archives. John Peabody Harrington papers, Western Abnaki Eastern Abnaki Passamaquoddy, 1949 to about 1952. Archival catalog and finding aid entry for regional linguistic materials, not a complete published grammar.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 403, "linkNote": "Automated access restricted; not evidence of paywall or removal; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://www.fort-odanak.ca/hier-yesterday-eng", "title": "Musée des Abénakis. Yesterday, Fort Odanak 1704 to 1759. Community museum synthesis of regional origins, naming and seasonal life.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.fort-odanak.ca/abenakis_quebec-abenaki_quebec-fra", "title": "Musée des Abénakis. Les Abénakis au Québec. French language community museum account of food production, local institutions and members living outside the two communities.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://deerfieldraid1704.org/scenes/nsscenes/lifeways/Wobanakiak.html", "title": "Margaret Bruchac. Wôbanaki Lifeways circa 1600. Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association and Memorial Hall Museum. Historical synthesis used for family relationships, work and political organization. Broader Wôbanaki patterns should not be assumed identical…", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.fort-odanak.ca/alsig8ntegkw-eng", "title": "Musée des Abénakis. Alsig8ntegkw. Museum account of the Saint-François River and archaeological evidence along its route.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.fort-odanak.ca/grandes_phases_temporelles-major_temporal_phases-eng", "title": "Musée des Abénakis. Major Temporal Phases. Archaeological and historical timeline.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.fort-odanak.ca/entre_guerre_paix-between_war_peace-eng", "title": "Musée des Abénakis. The Abenaki between War and Peace. Archaeological findings from Odanak, including food remains, household features and modified trade goods.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://fort-odanak.ca/projet_archeologique_fort-archaeological_project_fort-eng", "title": "Musée des Abénakis. An Archaeological Project and a Fort.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://americanindian.si.edu/collections-search/object/NMAI_220970", "title": "National Museum of the American Indian. Miniature basket with cover, catalog number 20/6877. Object record identifying Odanak attribution, approximate date, materials and collection history.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 403, "linkNote": "Automated access restricted; not evidence of paywall or removal; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://museeabenakis.ca/en/collection-en/", "title": "Musée des Abénakis. Collection.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": null, "linkNote": "Network timeout/error after one retry; availability undetermined; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://cola.unh.edu/center-humanities/abenaki", "title": "University of New Hampshire Center for the Humanities. Abenaki Trails in College Brook Ravine.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": null, "linkNote": "TLS verification failed; availability undetermined; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/items/show/332", "title": "Joseph Laurent. New Familiar Abenakis and English Dialogues, 1884. Indigenous New England Digital Collections, Dawnland Voices.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.middlebury.edu/language-schools/blog/middlebury-college-launches-program-preserve-abenaki-language", "title": "Middlebury Language Schools. Middlebury College launches program to preserve Abenaki language, July 5, 2023.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.penobscotnation.org/services/cultural_historic_preservation/language_resources/index.php", "title": "Penobscot Nation Cultural and Historic Preservation Department. Language Resources. Primary institutional description of its language teaching and online dictionary with audio.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://plimoth.org/yath/unit-1/arrival-of-samoset-excerpt-from-mourts-relation", "title": "Plimoth Patuxet Museums. Arrival of Samoset, excerpt from Mourt’s Relation. Primary colonial account originally published in 1622, with modern museum context.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/thanksgiving/timeline.html", "title": "National Museum of the American Indian. The First Thanksgiving timeline.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 403, "linkNote": "Automated access restricted; not evidence of paywall or removal; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://vermonthistory.org/journal/misc/GreenMountainDiaspora.pdf", "title": "Colin G. Calloway. Green Mountain Diaspora Indian Population Movements in Vermont circa 1600 to 1800. Vermont History 54, number 4, 1986, pages 193 to 228.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://vermonthistory.org/journal/misc/FrenchAndAbenaki.pdf", "title": "Olive Patricia Dickason. The French and the Abenaki A Study in Frontier Politics. Vermont History 58, number 2, 1990, pages 82 to 98.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://deerfieldraid1704.org/popups/background/expDiasporaAlg.html", "title": "Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association. Native Diaspora and New Communities Algonkian and Wôbanakiak. Historical synthesis with further reading, explaining refuge, kinship and repeated movement.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://deerfieldraid1704.org/scenes/nsscenes/founding/foundOdanak.html", "title": "Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association. Founding New Communities Odanak. Historical synthesis of the settlement, mission, fortification, alliances and diverse population.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://moses.creighton.edu/kripke/jesuitrelations/relations_67.html", "title": "The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, volume 67, edited by Reuben Gold Thwaites, 1900. Creighton University electronic transcription.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": null, "linkNote": "TLS verification failed; availability undetermined; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://vermonthistory.org/journal/misc/ConquestOfVermont.pdf", "title": "Colin G. Calloway. The Conquest of Vermont Vermont’s Indian Troubles in Context. Vermont History 52, number 3, 1984, pages 160 to 179.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NRHP/73000147_text", "title": "Kenneth M. Morrison. Norridgewock Archaeological Site, National Register nomination, 1972. National Park Service. Historic preservation research used for the Kennebec community, missionary connections and the August 23, 1724 attack. Some interpretive…", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.fort-odanak.ca/riviere_brule-river_burns-eng", "title": "Musée des Abénakis. The River Burns. Museum account comparing British and French reports of the 1759 raid. Used with explicit attribution of the conflicting casualty figures.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://vermonthistory.org/client_media/files/Learn/Lending%20Kits/VHSAbenakiteacherguide1998.pdf", "title": "Vermont Historical Society. Abenaki teacher guide, 1998. Used selectively for its named Obomsawin family history and account of Elvine Obomsawin Royce’s recorded tradition. It is an educational synthesis, not an independent resolution of current…", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.fort-odanak.ca/aujourdhui-today-eng", "title": "Musée des Abénakis. Today, Fort Odanak 1704 to 1759. Museum synthesis of reconstruction after the raid and later colonial assimilation policies.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/american-revolution-in-indian-country/odanak-abenaki-ambiguity-in-the-north/196A585B555E76B360BD4DC39BE1A706", "title": "Colin G. Calloway. Odanak Abenaki Ambiguity in the North. Chapter 2 of The American Revolution in Indian Country, Cambridge University Press, 1995, pages 65 to 84. The publicly available chapter summary was consulted; full chapter access is restricted.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://sac-isc.gc.ca/eng/1608831631597/1608832913476", "title": "Indigenous Services Canada. The Final Report to Parliament on the Review of S 3, December 2020. Primary government report describing historical sex discrimination in registration and the reforms assessed at that date.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://carlisleindian.dickinson.edu/student_files/flora-sadie-masta-student-file", "title": "National Archives and Records Administration. Flora Sadie Masta Student File. Carlisle Indian School Digital Resource Center, Dickinson College, Record Group 75, series 1327, box 58, folder 2936. Primary administrative file with an archival description.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": null, "linkNote": "Network timeout/error after one retry; availability undetermined; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://sirismm.si.edu/EADpdfs/NAA.MS2703.pdf", "title": "Smithsonian National Anthropological Archives. Notes on Algonquian languages collected by Truman Michelson at Carlisle Indian Industrial School, 1911 to 1912, manuscript 2703. Finding aid identifying Flora Masta’s contribution. The finding aid describes…", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.uvm.edu/~eugenics/background.html", "title": "Nancy L. Gallagher and Hope Greenberg, University of Vermont. Vermont Eugenics A Documentary History, Background and Purpose. Scholarly public history project with archival sources; used for the survey’s dates, leadership and the 1931 law.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.bia.gov/sites/default/files/dup/assets/as-ia/ofa/petition/068_sfaben_VT/068_fd.pdf", "title": "U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Federal Acknowledgment. Final Determination concerning the St. Francis/Sokoki Band of Abenakis of Vermont, petitioner 68, 2007. Primary administrative determination, including evaluation under the mandatory criteria.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/01/023", "title": "Vermont General Assembly. Title 1, chapter 23, Native American Indian People, including sections 851 through 856. Primary statute text, with recognition criteria, legal limits and the four organizations’ recognition dates. The online version states that it…", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt5gr0t78t/qt5gr0t78t.pdf", "title": "Darryl Leroux. State Recognition and the Dangers of Race Shifting The Case of Vermont. American Indian Culture and Research Journal 46, number 2, 2023. Peer reviewed research with a genealogical appendix and references.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://abenakiheritage.org/", "title": "Abenaki Councils of Odanak and W8linak and W8banaki. Abenaki Heritage declaration. Primary statement of their position on identity, genealogy and Vermont organizations. It is an official position, not a neutral account of every disputed claim.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://abenaki-edu.org/the-not-so-invisible-border/", "title": "Jeanne Morningstar Kent. The Not so Invisible Border, March 26, 2022, republished April 30, 2022 by the Abenaki Arts and Education Center. Primary participant response defending Vermont recognition and challenging critics. The author identifies it as her…", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 202, "linkNote": "HTTP 202 response; requested content not confirmed; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://abenakiheritage.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/rapport_final_genealogies.pdf", "title": "Abenaki Councils of Odanak and W8linak. Genealogy Research Project, 2025. Commissioned genealogical report and supporting lineages. The research summary and description of methods were consulted for this study, rather than every lineage in the full 730…", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.quebec.ca/gouvernement/portrait-quebec/premieres-nations-inuits/profil-des-nations/populations-autochtones-du-quebec", "title": "Government of Quebec. Populations autochtones au Québec, statistics dated December 31, 2025. Primary administrative population table for Odanak and Wôlinak, distinguishing residents from nonresidents.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.quebec.ca/en/government/quebec-at-a-glance/first-nations-and-inuit/profile-of-the-nations/abenakis", "title": "Government of Quebec. Abenaki, profile of the nation, updated May 22, 2025.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://cepn-fnec.ca/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/kiuna-eng.pdf", "title": "First Nations Education Council. Kiuna a Leader for the Past Ten Years, 2021. Primary institutional account of the college’s opening, educational purpose and recognized programs.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://museeabenakis.ca/en/about-the-museum/", "title": "Musée des Abénakis. About the Museum. Primary institutional history and mission, identifying its establishment in 1965.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": null, "linkNote": "Network timeout/error after one retry; availability undetermined; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://blog.nfb.ca/blog/2019/10/15/alanis-obomsawin-an-overview-of-a-cinematic-legacy/", "title": "Jason Ryle. Where the Sun Rises The Films of Alanis Obomsawin. National Film Board of Canada, October 15, 2019. Curatorial essay by an Indigenous film programmer, used for Obomsawin’s background and working approach.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://museeabenakis.ca/en/trade-shows/", "title": "Musée des Abénakis. Exhibits. Primary institutional descriptions of the creation story exhibition and the 2026 exhibitions of Christine Sioui Wawanoloath, Denys Bernard and Dylan Dufresne.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": null, "linkNote": "Network timeout/error after one retry; availability undetermined; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://umaine.edu/apcaw/2025/11/05/highlights-from-the-2025-black-ash-and-basketry-gathering/", "title": "University of Maine, Ash Protection Collaboration Across Waponahkik. Highlights from the 2025 Black Ash and Basketry Gathering, November 5, 2025. Firsthand institutional report of the Odanak gathering and ecological and cultural work.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": null, "linkNote": "TLS verification failed; availability undetermined; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://www.quebec.ca/en/news/actualites/detail/the-quebec-government-and-the-abenaki-sign-a-consultation-and-accommodation-agreement-41856", "title": "Government of Quebec. The Québec Government and the Abenaki Sign a Consultation and Accommodation Agreement, June 23, 2022. Primary announcement with statements from the participating parties.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.abbemuseum.org/core-exhibit", "title": "Abbe Museum. People of the First Light. Museum description of an exhibition combining oral traditions, personal accounts, cultural knowledge and material evidence across the long history of the Wabanaki homeland.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.westfield.ma.edu/historical-journal/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/spady-summer95.pdf", "title": "James Spady. As If In a Great Darkness Native American Refugees of the Middle Connecticut River Valley in the Aftermath of King Philip’s War. Historical Journal of Massachusetts, summer 1995.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/fiche.aspx?no_seq=136958", "title": "Commission de toponymie du Québec. Wôlinak, place name record.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300244328/our-beloved-kin/", "title": "Lisa Brooks. Our Beloved Kin A New History of King Philip’s War. Yale University Press, 2018. Publisher description and bibliographic information consulted.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://librarycatalog.sps.edu/bib/69109", "title": "Colin G. Calloway. The Western Abenakis of Vermont 1600 to 1800 War Migration and the Survival of an Indian People. University of Oklahoma Press, 1990. Verified bibliographic record at Ohrstrom Library.", "documentKey": "Abenaki_Complete_Study", "documentTitle": "Abenaki study", "contextNote": "Abenaki history and culture.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 429, "linkNote": "Rate limited after one retry; availability check only, not content review." } ], "studyKeys": [ "Abenaki_Complete_Study" ], "added": false, "slug": "abenaki", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-ME", "name": "Maine", "key": "us-me" }, { "id": "US-MA", "name": "Massachusetts", "key": "us-ma" }, { "id": "US-NH", "name": "New Hampshire", "key": "us-nh" }, { "id": "CA-QC", "name": "Quebec", "key": "ca-qc" }, { "id": "US-VT", "name": "Vermont", "key": "us-vt" } ] }, { "originalId": 2, "name": "Abihka", "preferredName": "Abihka / Arbeka · Muscogee town history", "searchTerms": [ "Arbeka", "Arbekv", "Abihkutci", "Abihkutchi", "Au-be-coo-che", "Talladega" ], "region": "Southeast / Alabama · Oklahoma", "kind": "Tribal town / historical name", "overview": "Abihka names an important part of Muscogee town history, with ancestral connections to Alabama’s Coosa and Choccolocco valleys and continuing Arbeka community life in Oklahoma. Public Muscogee interpretation connects ancestral grounds, forced removal, and the return to those homelands. Historical records use related names at several geographical and political scales, so each source’s date and scope matter.", "sections": [ { "title": "Begin with Arbeka’s public account", "text": "At Choccolocco Park in Oxford, Alabama, a marker headed Muscogee (Creek) Nation identifies its speakers as Arbeka (Abihka). It describes the place as their ancestors’ ceremonial ground, remembers forced removal to Oklahoma, and explains that the people carried their sacred fire west. It connects place names and stories passed between generations with continuing responsibilities to the homeland. This public statement provides a community perspective that older outsiders’ town lists cannot supply. Muscogee Media’s account of the Nation’s 2022 return festival likewise identifies the park with the original Arbeka grounds. These sources establish a living ancestral relationship while leaving the detailed histories of individual towns and families to further research.", "sourceIds": [ "p2-marker", "p2-return" ] }, { "title": "Abihka, Abihkutchi, and the scope of a name", "text": "John R. Swanton’s 1922 study describes Abihka as an old Muscogee division and one of the confederacy’s foundation towns. He also records uncertainty about the name’s derivation and differences among earlier explanations. A single confident English translation would conceal that disagreement. His discussion distinguishes an Abihkutci associated with Abihka from another associated with Okfuskee and warns about similarly named towns. Benjamin Hawkins’s 1798–99 account calls a particular settlement Au-be-coo-che, while reporting that elders sometimes used Au-be-cuh more broadly for the nation. A researcher therefore needs to identify whether a document concerns a settlement, an affiliated grouping, or a wider political name before placing it on a map.", "sourceIds": [ "p2-swanton1922", "p2-hawkins" ] }, { "title": "Yahatatastonake and the limits of representation", "text": "Brucie Porter’s biography of Yahatatastonake, known to British officials as The Mortar, identifies him as a representative of Abihka. It follows his efforts to negotiate trade and resist colonial encroachment amid competing British, French and Spanish interests. At the 1765 Pensacola congress, he initially questioned speaking for Upper Creek towns whose leaders were absent. This episode helps explain why an individual leader’s participation should not be treated as agreement by every town. Porter’s account is a later scholarly synthesis; the underlying diplomatic papers remain a separate research task.", "sourceIds": [ "p2-mortar-porter" ] }, { "title": "A landscape of settlements, springs, and family connections", "text": "Hawkins places Au-be-coo-che on Nau-che creek, several miles from the Coosa River, and describes scattered settlement on both sides of a fertile creek valley. His account notes limestone springs and wooded slopes and credits the elder Co-tau-lau for information about older customs. It is a federal agent’s dated account, shaped by his own interests in land and agriculture. The 2023 Choccolocco archaeological report adds a different method: comparison of census, land-allotment, and family records. Its discussion links Jim Fife of pre-removal Choccolocco with Arbeka through a 1927 affidavit by his grandson Dorsey Fife. The report presents this as evidence connecting named communities across removal; its archival references remain important leads for independent checking.", "sourceIds": [ "p2-hawkins", "p2-choccolocco-report" ] }, { "title": "Reading the mounds and the public archaeological record", "text": "The Alabama Indigenous Mound Trail describes the Choccolocco complex around Boiling Spring as a landscape with earthen and stone constructions made and changed over a long period. It distinguishes early mound-building phases from the Abihka ceremonial ground documented before removal. Its account connects stone constructions with recorded oral histories of a town lost in water. Those interpretations should retain their stated sources and uncertainties. The much longer 2023 public report explains its research methods and credits Muscogee preservation staff and elders, including Arnold Taylor of Arbeka. It offers substantial evidence alongside hypotheses that require further investigation; every interpretation is not a settled conclusion shared by all community members.", "sourceIds": [ "p2-moundtrail", "p2-choccolocco-report" ] }, { "title": "Land loss, removal, and the limits of treaty promises", "text": "The 1832 Treaty with the Creeks is essential context for the records of Choccolocco and neighboring towns. Article 1 ceded Creek lands east of the Mississippi. Article 2 provided individual land selections and a census, including arrangements for selections by members of the same town. Article 12 stated that people were free to remain or emigrate. Reading those promises beside the Arbeka marker’s memory of forced removal makes their limits visible. The treaty concerns the Creek Nation broadly; it should not be relabeled a separate Abihka treaty. Its text records negotiated provisions and United States commitments, and does not demonstrate that those commitments were honored.", "sourceIds": [ "p2-treaty1832", "p2-marker" ] }, { "title": "Oklahoma grounds and changing historical descriptions", "text": "Swanton’s Modern Square Grounds of the Creek Indians, published in 1931, identifies an Abihka or Talladega ground near Henryetta. Its introduction dates his renewed field investigation to 1929, while its Abihka discussion also references information from Jim Star and a photograph made in 1912. Swanton revises parts of his earlier account and acknowledges that arrangements could change within a town. This is useful evidence of a named community and the history of documentation. Its title’s word modern belongs to the early twentieth century. The report should not be used as a description of present leadership, a current ceremonial schedule, or permission to reproduce sacred practices.", "sourceIds": [ "p2-swanton1931" ] }, { "title": "A Muscogee writer, the Gate Town, and resistance to allotment", "text": "In his January 31, 1902 Indian Journal essay, Muscogee writer Charles Gibson connects Arbeka’s historical warning and protective role with the name Gate Town. He identifies Chitto Harjo with Arbeka and uses that association to comment on resistance to United States policy. The Sequoyah Research Center’s edition preserves both Gibson’s writing and modern editorial notes, which readers should distinguish. Kenneth W. McIntosh’s specialist biography of Harjo provides further context: it places his birth at Arbeka and follows his opposition to allotment, political organizing, and testimony. Harjo’s experience illustrates a particular person’s struggle over land and sovereignty. It does not establish that every Arbeka person supported the same strategy.", "sourceIds": [ "p2-gibson", "p2-harjo" ] }, { "title": "An individual family’s path of cultural reconnection", "text": "Muscogee Media’s 2022 account follows Sten Joddi’s experience of reconnecting with cultural life. He recalled hearing that family members came from Arbeka but having few opportunities to participate as a child, and then shared a festival dance with his daughters. The article explicitly describes the festival event as a demonstration and includes different views about it. This gives readers an extended individual account of family connections, interrupted learning, and renewed participation. It should not stand in for everyone’s experience or be turned into a description of a private Arbeka ceremony. Public reporting can document a person’s own story while leaving the authority and internal life of the community distinct.", "sourceIds": [ "p2-reconnection" ] }, { "title": "Returning to the homeland and shaping public history", "text": "The inaugural Reyicepes festival in Oxford brought Muscogee citizens, leaders, artists and local residents together in 2022. Mvskoke Media reports ancestral-trail walks, cultural activities and educational partnerships. Separate reporting by Nancy Marie Spears adds original interviews: preservation manager RaeLynn A. Butler identifies the pre-removal Arbeka site and work by city and tribal officials to protect nearby lands. National Council representative Galen Cloud contrasts his journey to Alabama with his ancestors’ forced journey west, emphasizes the importance of present visibility, and describes the continued importance of the fire carried from the homeland. These are specific, attributed interpretations of return and preservation. They do not establish a completed land transfer, title ownership or a single view held by every Arbeka person.", "sourceIds": [ "p2-return", "p2-homeland-interviews", "p2-marker" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p2-marker", "title": "Muscogee (Creek) Nation: Arbeka (Abihka) Ceremonial Ground", "publisher": "Muscogee (Creek) Nation / City of Oxford; transcription hosted by the Historical Marker Database", "url": "https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=144923", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Homelands", "Removal", "Public history" ], "annotation": "Public marker erected in 2016; read the full inscription, transcribed and photographed in 2020. Speaks in Arbeka’s first-person voice about ancestry, removal, the fire, and remembered places. The database is a third-party host; this is a public place statement, not a full genealogy or account of current government.", "publicationDate": "2016", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p2-return", "title": "MCN makes trek to homelands in Alabama: First Reyicepes Festival celebrated", "publisher": "Mvskoke Media", "author": "Braden Harper", "url": "https://www.mvskokemedia.com/mcn-makes-trek-to-homelands-in-alabama/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Homelands", "Public history", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "April 20, 2022 report, read in full. Identifies the original Arbeka grounds at Choccolocco Park and records Muscogee leaders’ interpretations of the return festival, education, and partnerships. A dated event account; future opportunities discussed in interviews are not proof of later implementation.", "publicationDate": "2022-04-20", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p2-choccolocco-report", "title": "Investigations at the Choccolocco Creek (Davis Farm) Archaeological Complex: public document", "publisher": "Robert E. Perry & Associates, Inc. / City of Oxford", "url": "https://assets.caboosecms.com/media/15086003_investigations-at-the-choccolocco-creek-archaeological-complex-public-document.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Archaeology", "Homelands", "Town history", "Research methods" ], "annotation": "March 31, 2023, 166-page public PDF. Inspected preface i–v and relevant printed pp. 57–65, 69–73. Connects archival and family evidence to Choccolocco and Arbeka and identifies collaborators. Partial review, not all three technical volumes. Archaeological and linguistic hypotheses remain attributed interpretations.", "publicationDate": "2023-03-31", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p2-swanton1922", "title": "Early History of the Creek Indians and Their Neighbors: The Abihka", "publisher": "Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology", "author": "John R. Swanton", "url": "https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/15540", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Town history", "Historical names" ], "annotation": "Bulletin 73 (1922), printed pp. 251–254; inspected the Abihka text and a public-domain scan of pp. 252–254. Compiles earlier records and named narrators; useful for conflicting etymologies and Abihkutci distinctions. Dated interpretations and historical descriptions need comparison with community accounts. Link opens the Smithsonian record and full PDF.", "publicationDate": "1922", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p2-hawkins", "title": "A Sketch of the Creek Country, in the Years 1798 and 1799", "publisher": "Georgia Historical Society / Digital Library of Georgia", "author": "Benjamin Hawkins", "url": "https://dlg.usg.edu/record/g-hi_g-hiia_collectionsofgeo31hawk", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Homelands", "Town history", "Primary records" ], "annotation": "First published in 1848; read printed pp. 24–25 and 41–42, especially Au-be-coo-che and Hawkins’s attribution to Co-tau-lau. Detailed settlement and landscape description by a United States Indian agent. His spellings, agricultural judgments, and descriptions of customs belong to this historical encounter and are not contemporary community guidance.", "publicationDate": "1798–1799; published 1848", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p2-moundtrail", "title": "The Choccolocco Creek Archaeological Complex", "publisher": "Alabama Indigenous Mound Trail / University of Alabama Museums", "url": "https://alabamamoundtrail.org/mound-site/choccolocco/", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Archaeology", "Homelands", "Oral history", "Preservation" ], "annotation": "Read the full site interpretation. Explains the complex’s successive construction phases, Abihka ceremonial association, and recorded flood traditions. An accessible specialist introduction, not a detailed excavation report. Its suggested explanations for stone constructions retain uncertainty and should not become unqualified claims about a single ancient population.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p2-treaty1832", "title": "Treaty with the Creeks, March 24, 1832: transcript", "publisher": "Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian, Native Knowledge 360°", "url": "https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/removal-muscogee/transcription-creek-treaty.html", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Treaties", "Land", "Removal", "Primary records" ], "annotation": "Read the treaty transcript, particularly Articles 1–5 and 12–14. Primary context for land cession, family selections, census records, and promises about emigration. Covers the Creek Nation as a whole; no separate Abihka agreement is implied. Treaty commitments need comparison with what United States authorities subsequently did.", "publicationDate": "1832-03-24", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p2-swanton1931", "title": "Modern Square Grounds of the Creek Indians", "publisher": "Smithsonian Institution, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 85(8)", "author": "John R. Swanton", "url": "https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/23920/SMC_85_Swanton_1931_8_1-46.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Town history", "Archives", "Research methods" ], "annotation": "Published November 11, 1931. Read introduction pp. 1–4 and Abihka pp. 13–15, including the author’s explanation of changed information. Documents Abihka/Talladega near Henryetta through dated fieldwork. This historical publication includes culturally sensitive ceremonial detail; its availability does not authorize reproducing practices or assuming current arrangements.", "publicationDate": "1931-11-11", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p2-gibson", "title": "Selected Works of Charles Gibson: Creek War Whoop", "publisher": "American Native Press Archives and Sequoyah Research Center, University of Arkansas at Little Rock", "author": "Charles Gibson; edited by Thomas Murray", "url": "https://ualrexhibits.org/tribalwriters/artifacts/Gibson_Selected-works.html", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Town history", "Writing", "Allotment", "Primary records" ], "annotation": "Read the author biography, January 31, 1902 Indian Journal essay, and editorial footnotes. A Muscogee writer’s account connects Arbeka, warning duties, and Chitto Harjo in the allotment era. His commentary is an individual historical perspective; modern notes and historical newspaper text have different authors and should remain distinguishable.", "publicationDate": "1902-01-31; later edited collection", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p2-harjo", "title": "Harjo, Chitto (1846–ca. 1911)", "publisher": "The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, Oklahoma Historical Society", "author": "Kenneth W. McIntosh", "url": "https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=HA020", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Biography", "Allotment", "Sovereignty", "Town history" ], "annotation": "Read the full specialist biography. Places Harjo at Arbeka and traces his opposition to allotment, organizing, testimony, and later persecution. A concise secondary account with further-reading leads; a biography does not show unanimous community opinion, and its terminology should be read in historical context.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p2-reconnection", "title": "Stompdance comes back after two years", "publisher": "Mvskoke Media", "author": "Morgan Taylor", "url": "https://www.mvskokemedia.com/stompdance-comes-back-after-two-years/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Contemporary life", "Family experience", "Culture" ], "annotation": "August 8, 2022 report. Read the full article, especially Sten Joddi’s family connection to Arbeka, reconnection with his daughters, and differing views of the festival demonstration. This concerns a public event and particular interviewees; it is not a description of a private Arbeka ceremony or a uniform community position.", "publicationDate": "2022-08-08", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p2-homeland-interviews", "title": "‘We are still here’: Tribes reclaiming out-of-state ancestral homelands", "publisher": "Gaylord News / Source New Mexico", "author": "Nancy Marie Spears", "url": "https://sourcenm.com/2022/05/23/we-are-still-here-tribes-reclaiming-out-of-state-ancestral-homelands/", "type": "Reporting / interview", "topics": [ "Homelands", "Public history", "Community voices", "Preservation" ], "annotation": "May 23, 2022 Native-authored reporting, with original interviews concerning Arbeka's Oxford homeland. Read the opening Muscogee discussion and closing Galen Cloud quotation; other sections concern different nations. Distinct from the Mvskoke Media festival report. This is reporting with attributed voices, not a tribal policy document or evidence of a completed property transfer.", "publicationDate": "2022-05-23", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p2-mortar-porter", "title": "Yahatatastonake (The Mortar)", "publisher": "Encyclopedia of Alabama / Auburn University Outreach", "author": "Brucie Porter, Auburn University", "url": "https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/yahatatastonake-the-mortar/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Biography", "Diplomacy", "Town history", "Colonial encounters" ], "annotation": "Read the complete main article and bibliography, updated April 22, 2025. Identifies an Abihka representative and examines eighteenth-century diplomacy, especially the 1765 Pensacola congress. A later scholarly synthesis, not the original diplomatic correspondence or evidence of unanimous town consent. Its cited publications remain further-reading leads, not additional inspected works.", "publicationDate": "2024-11-19; updated 2025-04-22", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 232, 241 ], "relationshipNote": "Abihka is part of Muscogee tribal-town history. Arbeka’s public homeland marker explicitly pairs Arbeka and Abihka; historical records also describe Abihkutci, Talladega, and other related or similarly named towns. Those names require date-specific treatment. Natchez connections appear in the historical literature, but do not make all Natchez or Muscogee communities interchangeable or establish a separate modern Abihka national government.", "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "researchGaps": [ "Seek additional Arbeka-authorized public history and review of preferred names, the town relationships summarized here, and the cultural suitability of archival descriptions.", "Inspect the original Dorsey Fife affidavit, the relevant land-allotment ledgers and census pages, and the maps behind the 2023 report rather than relying solely on its archival synthesis.", "Deepen the distinction between historical Abihka, Abihkutci, Abihka-in-the-west, Talladega and Choccolocco communities; similar spellings and reused names do not by themselves establish identical locations or institutions.", "Expand community-specific evidence on language learning, schooling, livelihoods, women’s experiences, and life beyond the selected public reports. No present speaker, membership, or population total is asserted.", "Add community-led accounts of Natchez relationships and of removal and allotment experiences; older authors’ assimilation claims and one leader’s biography do not represent every family.", "Follow the Oxford educational and preservation partnerships with dated evaluations of outcomes, distinguishing plans from completed work." ], "evidenceNotes": [ "October 19, 2026 baseline: Twelve inspected resources support a developed historical and community reading profile. The count is separate from research completion or community review.", "The community marker and 2022 return reporting now substantiate a public Arbeka–Abihka homeland connection that was missing from the earlier guide. Detailed family and institutional histories remain open.", "October 27, 2026: one additional inspected scholarly biography adds a cited discussion of Abihka diplomacy and representation. The thirteen-work collection remains open to further research and community review. The new Chitto Harjo photograph is a visual illustration with a documented Arbeka connection, not an extra historical source inspection." ], "researchLeads": [ { "url": "https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/15540/bulletin731922smit.pdf", "title": "Swanton, John R. 1922. Early History of the Creek Indians and Their Neighbors. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 73, especially pp. 251–254. Early scholarly synthesis incorporating historical records and Native accounts.", "documentKey": "Abihka_Study", "documentTitle": "Abihka study", "contextNote": "Abihka town history and its wider Muscogee context.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 403, "linkNote": "Automated access restricted; not evidence of paywall or removal; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/creeks-in-alabama/", "title": "Hahn, Steven C. Creeks in Alabama. Encyclopedia of Alabama. Scholarly overview of the confederacy, provincial groupings and political identity.", "documentKey": "Abihka_Study", "documentTitle": "Abihka study", "contextNote": "Abihka town history and its wider Muscogee context.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=CR006", "title": "Isham, Theodore and Blue Clark. Creek Mvskoke. Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, Oklahoma Historical Society. Historical overview including mother towns and rebuilding in Indian Territory.", "documentKey": "Abihka_Study", "documentTitle": "Abihka study", "contextNote": "Abihka town history and its wider Muscogee context.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://almnh.museums.ua.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/BALMNH_No_15_1993.pdf", "title": "Smith, Marvin T. 1993. Seventeenth Century Aboriginal Settlement on the Coosa River. In Archaeological Survey and Excavations in the Coosa River Valley Alabama, edited by Vernon James Knight Jr., pp. 63–70. Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History…", "documentKey": "Abihka_Study", "documentTitle": "Abihka study", "contextNote": "Abihka town history and its wider Muscogee context.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://dlg.usg.edu/record/g-hi_g-hiia_collectionsofgeo31hawk", "title": "Hawkins, Benjamin. A Sketch of the Creek Country in the Years 1798 and 1799. First published in 1848 in Collections of the Georgia Historical Society, vol. 3, part 1; digitized edition hosted by the Digital Library of Georgia. Contemporary federal agent’s…", "documentKey": "Abihka_Study", "documentTitle": "Abihka study", "contextNote": "Abihka town history and its wider Muscogee context.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/upper-creek-towns-of-the-historic-period/", "title": "Lolley, Terry. Upper Creek Towns of the Historic Period. Encyclopedia of Alabama. Historical synthesis of settlement, household organization and agriculture.", "documentKey": "Abihka_Study", "documentTitle": "Abihka study", "contextNote": "Abihka town history and its wider Muscogee context.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc2031559/", "title": "Drechsel, Emanuel. 1987. The Natchez Way. Chronicles of Oklahoma 65, no. 2, pp. 174–181.", "documentKey": "Abihka_Study", "documentTitle": "Abihka study", "contextNote": "Abihka town history and its wider Muscogee context.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200, "linkNote": "Institutional request-validation page; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/yahatatastonake-the-mortar/", "title": "Porter, Brucie. Yahatatastonake The Mortar. Encyclopedia of Alabama. Scholarly biography of the Abihka-associated leader and his diplomacy.", "documentKey": "Abihka_Study", "documentTitle": "Abihka study", "contextNote": "Abihka town history and its wider Muscogee context.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/green-corn-ceremony/", "title": "Bowne, Eric E. Green Corn Ceremony. Encyclopedia of Alabama. Scholarly overview of southeastern ceremonial practices and their source limitations.", "documentKey": "Abihka_Study", "documentTitle": "Abihka study", "contextNote": "Abihka town history and its wider Muscogee context.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/creek-war-of-1813-14/", "title": "Braund, Kathryn. Creek War of 1813–14. Encyclopedia of Alabama. Scholarly account of factional alignments and the war’s territorial consequences.", "documentKey": "Abihka_Study", "documentTitle": "Abihka study", "contextNote": "Abihka town history and its wider Muscogee context.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/removal-muscogee/transcription-creek-treaty.html", "title": "United States and Creek representatives. Treaty with the Creeks, March 24, 1832, 7 Stat. 366. Primary legal text, transcribed by the Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian. See Articles 1–5 and 12.", "documentKey": "Abihka_Study", "documentTitle": "Abihka study", "contextNote": "Abihka town history and its wider Muscogee context.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 403, "linkNote": "Automated access restricted; not evidence of paywall or removal; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/creek-indian-removal/", "title": "Haveman, Christopher. Creek Indian Removal. Encyclopedia of Alabama. Scholarly history of land loss and removal in the 1820s and 1830s.", "documentKey": "Abihka_Study", "documentTitle": "Abihka study", "contextNote": "Abihka town history and its wider Muscogee context.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=144923", "title": "City of Oxford. 2016. Muscogee Creek Nation and Arbeka Abihka Ceremonial Ground. Public marker at Choccolocco Park. Community statement preserved through photographed inscription and transcription in the Historical Marker Database.", "documentKey": "Abihka_Study", "documentTitle": "Abihka study", "contextNote": "Abihka town history and its wider Muscogee context.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=144927", "title": "City of Oxford. 2016. Reconstructing the Cultural Landscape. Choccolocco Park public marker. Interpretation linking archaeology and Muscogee oral history; photographed inscription and transcription in the Historical Marker Database.", "documentKey": "Abihka_Study", "documentTitle": "Abihka study", "contextNote": "Abihka town history and its wider Muscogee context.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://muskogee.pages.wm.edu/", "title": "William and Mary. Muskogee Seminole Creek Documentation Project. University based language documentation developed with Native speakers, including recordings, interviews and learning materials.", "documentKey": "Abihka_Study", "documentTitle": "Abihka study", "contextNote": "Abihka town history and its wider Muscogee context.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": null, "linkNote": "TLS verification failed; availability undetermined; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=144980", "title": "City of Oxford. 2016. Better Understandings New Friendships. Choccolocco Park public marker describing consultation with the Muscogee Nation and preservation agencies. Photographed inscription and transcription in the Historical Marker Database.", "documentKey": "Abihka_Study", "documentTitle": "Abihka study", "contextNote": "Abihka town history and its wider Muscogee context.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 } ], "studyKeys": [ "Abihka_Study" ], "added": false, "slug": "abihka", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains", "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AL", "name": "Alabama", "key": "us-al" } ] }, { "originalId": 3, "name": "Absentee Shawnee", "region": "Oklahoma / Eastern Woodlands", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Absentee Shawnee histories connect Eastern Woodlands homelands, repeated displacement, and continuing community life in Oklahoma. Tribal publications, constitutional records, language resources and artworks provide different paths into the Big Jim and White Turkey communities and their shared government.", "sections": [ { "title": "A distinct Shawnee government and community histories", "text": "Three federally recognized Shawnee governments now exist in Oklahoma: the Absentee Shawnee Tribe, Eastern Shawnee Tribe and Shawnee Tribe. The Absentee Shawnee Tribe’s account connects its people with Eastern Woodlands homelands and describes movement into Missouri and Arkansas under colonial pressure, with some communities moving onward into Indian Territory and Texas. It traces the Big Jim community to Little Axe and the White Turkey community to the Shawnee area. The constitution’s preamble names both bands. These are communities within one government; shared Shawnee ancestry and language also connect people across the three governments without making their institutions interchangeable.", "sourceIds": [ "p3-history", "p3-constitution" ] }, { "title": "Dispersal and the meaning of “Absentee”", "text": "Article 2 of the 1854 treaty provides especially revealing context for the Absentee distinction. It refers to Shawnee who had been separated from the treaty community and sets conditions for receiving surplus Kansas land if they returned. It distinguishes a five-year return period from a further period involving remaining land or monetary payment. The word “Absentee” thus reflects relationships to Shawnee lands and treaty arrangements in Kansas, rather than an absence of a community or government. Reading the provisions alongside community history shows how federal arrangements tried to redirect dispersed Shawnee people toward Kansas.", "sourceIds": [ "p3-treaty1854" ] }, { "title": "Allotment, cession, and landholding in Oklahoma", "text": "The June 26, 1890 agreement is a direct source for a later transformation of Absentee Shawnee landholding. Article 1 uses sweeping language relinquishing claims in the described tract to the United States. Article 2 confirms existing allotments, orders completion of others, excludes certain school and federal lands, and authorizes an agent to allot land for people who failed or refused to select it before the specified deadline. Article 3 ties an allowance of 650 allottees to financial deductions for additional allotments; Article 4 promises $65,000 for homes and improvements. White Turkey and five other named leaders signed the instrument. Its legal text records an imposed policy framework, while leaving essential questions about negotiation, dissent and family experiences for further community-centered research.", "sourceIds": [ "p3-agreement1890" ] }, { "title": "Constitutions and the distribution of governmental authority", "text": "A constitution ratified in December 1938 organized a council of adult members and a business committee under the Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act. It is a historical document, useful for tracing institutional change. The constitution ratified in June 1977, published by the Tribe with later amendments, describes a judicial branch and a legislative/executive branch, together with an independent election body. The General Council consists of members aged eighteen and older. The five elected Executive Committee offices are Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary, Treasurer and Representative; the published 2019 amendment provides four-year terms. Reading the two documents together shows constitutional development rather than a government frozen at its 1938 structure.", "sourceIds": [ "p3-constitution1938", "p3-constitution" ] }, { "title": "Language renewal as a governmental priority", "text": "The January 2026 tribal newspaper reports creation of a standalone Language/Culture Department, giving language work its own institutional home after earlier placement within Cultural Preservation and the 477 programs. The article recalls the Executive Committee’s December 2022 language emergency and adoption of the Pi Pa Pe Po alphabet. It describes online lessons, QR codes, after-school teaching and plans for further classes with Administration for Native Americans support. Director Scott Miller emphasizes the difference between recognizing words and carrying on a conversation, and the role of children in bringing language into family life. These are dated accounts of priorities and initiatives; they do not establish a current speaker count or prove that every planned class occurred.", "sourceIds": [ "p3-news2026" ] }, { "title": "Words in daily life and learning across Shawnee communities", "text": "The Tribe’s public lexicon organizes vocabulary around everyday activities: greeting someone, eating, household objects, foods, weather and the seasons. English meanings and phonetic aids make it a practical starting point for learners. A separate May 2024 Shawnee Tribe publication introduces its master-apprentice program through participants’ own accounts. Absentee Shawnee elder George “Fife” Blanchard recalls growing up with Shawnee as his first language and describes his commitment to teaching. Absentee Shawnee apprentice Daniel Citty connects learning with his children and relationships among Shawnee communities. Their accounts show how language work can connect people across governments while retaining each participant’s particular identity and experience.", "sourceIds": [ "p3-lexicon", "p3-masterapprentice" ] }, { "title": "Protecting ancestors and shaping public history", "text": "The April 2024 Cultural Preservation report describes responsibilities extending beyond present Oklahoma settlements. Tribal Historic Preservation Office staff reviewed federal projects and participated in consultation concerning ancestral places, ancestors and funerary belongings. The report also describes work with Ohio History Connection and Ohio’s natural-resources department on interpretation for Great Council State Park. Tribal staff reviewed display wording and advocated use of Pi Pa Pe Po orthography. Library development and Shawnee-centered resources appear in the same report. These activities show cultural preservation as consultation, education and community service. The account records work underway at that date; a consultation should not be described as a completed repatriation.", "sourceIds": [ "p3-news2024" ] }, { "title": "Ernest Spybuck and the histories carried by paintings", "text": "Ernest Spybuck, also recorded as Earnest L. Spybuck, depicted community life in early twentieth-century Oklahoma. Marshall Gettys’s biography emphasizes his work as a farmer as well as a painter, and his relationship with anthropologist M. R. Harrington. Spybuck’s compositions use foreground, background and perspective to show detailed gatherings and activities. The National Museum of the American Indian’s record for Procession Before War Dance identifies him as Absentee Shawnee, dates the work to about 1908, and records Harrington’s purchase from the artist in 1910. Bringing biography and object history together helps readers ask who made an image, how it entered a collection and whose interpretation accompanies it.", "sourceIds": [ "p3-spybuck", "p3-painting" ] }, { "title": "Self-government in health, research, and economic life", "text": "The self-governance compact signed with the Indian Health Service in July 2017 describes tribal authority to redesign health programs and allocate resources according to community priorities, alongside continuing federal responsibilities. Its attached funding agreement documents a particular historical funding period. The Health System’s RENEW center offers a contemporary example of institution building: its public account connects pain and behavioral-health research with community advice, tribal approval and ownership of data, while describing a registry and research review board still in development. Economic institution building has its own documentary history. The archived Tribal Development Act identifies employment, revenue, enterprise development and land acquisition as governmental purposes. These sources explain authorities and aspirations; assessing their effects requires separate, dated evidence from community experience and outcomes.", "sourceIds": [ "p3-compact", "p3-renew", "p3-development" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p3-history", "title": "About Us: The Absentee Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma History", "publisher": "Absentee Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma", "url": "https://www.astribe.com/about-us", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Homelands", "History" ], "annotation": "Read the tribal historical account, especially movement, the Absentee name, and Big Jim and White Turkey settlements. Undated narrative with a separately dated membership figure; that figure is not used here. Its phrase “Algonquian dialect” is a broad linguistic simplification.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p3-treaty1854", "title": "Treaty with the Shawnee, 1854", "publisher": "Oklahoma State University Libraries, Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties", "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-shawnee-1854-0618", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Treaties", "Homelands", "History" ], "annotation": "May 10, 1854 treaty, published at 10 Stat. 1053 and in Kappler’s compilation. Read the preamble and Article 2, particularly provisions concerning absent Shawnee and return to Kansas. The document concerns the Kansas Shawnee treaty parties; it is not evidence that every dispersed Shawnee community consented.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "publicationDate": "1854-05-10" }, { "id": "p3-agreement1890", "title": "Agreement with the Absentee Shawnee, 1890", "publisher": "Oklahoma State University Libraries, Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties", "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/agreement-with-the-absentee-shawnee-1890-22342", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Allotment", "Land", "History" ], "annotation": "June 26, 1890 agreement reproduced with congressional ratification language. Read Articles I–V and the signatories for cession, allotments, deadlines, and the promised $65,000 payment. A primary instrument of federal land policy, not a complete account of consultation, community consent, or later implementation.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "publicationDate": "1890-06-26; ratified 1891" }, { "id": "p3-constitution1938", "title": "Constitution and By-laws of the Absentee-Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma", "publisher": "Absentee-Shawnee Tribe / U.S. Office of Indian Affairs; GovInfo", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-I20-5f3351af2362310ee40455572bcc64fa/pdf/GOVPUB-I20-5f3351af2362310ee40455572bcc64fa.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Governance", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical constitution ratified December 5, 1938, printed in 1939. Read printed pp. 1–5, including the preamble, council and committee structure, rights, and adoption certificate. This seven-page scan documents an earlier constitutional arrangement and must not be presented as the currently published constitution.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "publicationDate": "1938-12-05; printed 1939" }, { "id": "p3-constitution", "title": "Constitution of the Absentee Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma", "publisher": "Absentee Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma", "url": "https://www.astribe.com/assets/Constitution.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Governance", "Citizenship", "History" ], "annotation": "Tribal publication of the constitution ratified June 4, 1977, incorporating amendments including those dated May 10, 2019. Read pp. 1–4 for the preamble, branches, General Council and Executive Committee, and p. 14 for ratification. Historical explanatory notes are explicitly distinguished from operative constitutional text.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "publicationDate": "1977; amendments through 2019" }, { "id": "p3-news2026", "title": "Absentee Shawnee News — January 2026: Tribe Creates Language/Culture Department", "publisher": "Absentee Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma", "url": "https://www.absenteeshawneetribe-nsn.gov/assets/newsletter/january_2026_ast_news.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Education", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Read the front-page article, p. 1A, about a standalone Language/Culture Department, the December 2022 language emergency, orthography and teaching initiatives. Its fluency statement reports a 2022 assessment; neither that statement nor the announced classes establish current speaker totals or teaching outcomes. Selected article reviewed, not every item in the issue.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "publicationDate": "2026-01" }, { "id": "p3-lexicon", "title": "Absentee Shawnee Lexicon", "publisher": "Absentee Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma", "url": "https://www.astribe.com/lexicon", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Learning resources" ], "annotation": "Inspected the public vocabulary tables, including greetings, household expressions, foods, months and weather. English meanings and phonetic aids accompany Shawnee forms. Audio columns appear, but recordings were not evaluated. A community learning resource rather than a comprehensive grammar or a replacement for instruction with speakers.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p3-masterapprentice", "title": "Introducing Ta’saawanwaatoweeyakwe (“Where We Speak Shawnee”)", "publisher": "Shawnee Tribe", "url": "https://shawnee-nsn.gov/news/where-we-speak-shawnee/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Community voices", "Education" ], "annotation": "May 6, 2024 introduction to the Shawnee Tribe’s master-apprentice program. Read the program description and first-person introductions of Absentee Shawnee participants George “Fife” Blanchard and Daniel Citty. The publisher is a separate Shawnee government; its program should not be relabeled as an Absentee Shawnee government program.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "publicationDate": "2024-05-06" }, { "id": "p3-news2024", "title": "Absentee Shawnee News — April 2024: Cultural Preservation Department", "publisher": "Absentee Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma", "url": "https://www.absenteeshawneetribe-nsn.gov/assets/newsletter/april_2024_ast_news.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Historic preservation", "Repatriation", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read printed pp. 3A and 5A, especially Carol Butler’s departmental report on consultation, NAGPRA, library work and Great Council State Park interpretation. The account records work underway in April 2024; consultations do not establish completed repatriations. The park’s then-planned opening is not treated as an outcome.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "publicationDate": "2024-04" }, { "id": "p3-spybuck", "title": "Spybuck, Ernest (1883–1949)", "publisher": "Oklahoma Historical Society, Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture", "url": "https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=SP017", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Art", "Biography", "History" ], "annotation": "Marshall Gettys’s specialist biography, published in 2010 and updated in 2019. Read the account of Spybuck’s farming, schooling, relationship with anthropologist M. R. Harrington and painting style. It offers historical interpretation of an individual artist, not a single description of all Shawnee art.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "author": "Marshall Gettys", "publicationDate": "2010-01-15; updated 2019-08-19" }, { "id": "p3-painting", "title": "Procession Before War Dance — Earnest L. Spybuck", "publisher": "Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian", "url": "https://americanindian.si.edu/collections-search/object/NMAI_27370", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Art", "Collections history", "History" ], "annotation": "Object record NMAI_27370, catalog 2/5735. Inspected attribution, circa-1908 date, materials, location and the recorded 1910 purchase from the artist. Specific collection history complements the biography. Metadata and image permissions differ; the linked record is not permission to reproduce the painting or interpret ceremonial knowledge.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p3-compact", "title": "Compact of Self-Governance and Multi-Year Funding Agreement: Absentee Shawnee Tribe and United States", "publisher": "Absentee Shawnee Tribe / Indian Health Service", "url": "https://www.ihs.gov/sites/foia/themes/responsive2017/display_objects/documents/23-015AbsenteeShawneeTribeTitleV.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Governance", "Health", "Self-determination" ], "annotation": "Read compact pp. 1–5 and 9, the July 2017 signature page (p. 14), and the attached 2017–2020 funding agreement’s opening and service provisions (PDF pp. 17–19). Explains tribal control and continuing federal obligations. The file is a historical compact and funding package, not the current annual budget or a service-outcome evaluation.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "publicationDate": "2017" }, { "id": "p3-renew", "title": "Ke n’he to ke yi RENEW — Research to Enhance Native Wellness", "publisher": "Absentee Shawnee Tribal Health System", "url": "https://www.asthealth.org/renew", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Health", "Data sovereignty", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Read the center’s mission, 2024–2026 development timeline, research priorities, community advisory structure and data-sovereignty explanation. Describes a tribally led pain and behavioral-health research initiative. The registry and Tribal Research Review Board are described as developing; intentions and governance commitments are not demonstrated clinical outcomes.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p3-development", "title": "Absentee Shawnee Tribal Development Act / Tribal Development Authority", "publisher": "Absentee Shawnee Tribe; archived by University of Oklahoma Law Center", "url": "https://thorpe.law.ou.edu/codes/absshaw/Tda.html", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Governance", "Economy", "Land" ], "annotation": "Read sections 101–102, 200–202 and the management provisions. This archived tribal enactment explains purposes including employment, revenue, enterprise development and land acquisition, and identifies Resolution L-AS-93-05. Its historical economic findings and administrative rules are not asserted as a current economic census or an up-to-date consolidated code.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 345 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "relationshipNote": "Absentee Shawnee, Eastern Shawnee and the Shawnee Tribe are distinct governments. Shared ancestry and language, and collaboration among their citizens, do not make their programs or political histories interchangeable.", "researchGaps": [ "Develop more community-authored family and local histories, especially experiences of the Big Jim and White Turkey communities beyond institutional summaries.", "Reconstruct landholding under the 1872 legislation and 1890–1891 allotment process through tribal interpretation and primary records; do not equate rights to individual allotments with a blanket claim of communal title.", "Add an Absentee Shawnee account of twentieth-century displacement around Little Axe and Lake Thunderbird, with carefully evaluated records of land acquisition and community rebuilding.", "Follow up the January 2026 language initiatives with dated community reports on classes, participation and learning; no current fluent-speaker total is asserted.", "Expand community perspectives on education, livelihoods, arts and stewardship, and check cultural suitability and permissions before reproducing artworks, recordings or ceremonial material.", "Confirm the latest consolidated constitutional and code amendments with the Tribe when using these materials for a precise legal question; archived enactments and funding agreements have different dates and purposes." ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "preferredName": "Absentee Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma", "researchLeads": [ { "url": "https://www.absenteeshawneetribe-nsn.gov/", "title": "Absentee Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma. Official homepage and dated membership figure.", "documentKey": "Absentee_Shawnee_Study", "documentTitle": "Absentee Shawnee study", "contextNote": "Absentee Shawnee history and contemporary community sources.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.absenteeshawneetribe-nsn.gov/about-us", "title": "Absentee Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma. About Us Tribal history and the two bands.", "documentKey": "Absentee_Shawnee_Study", "documentTitle": "Absentee Shawnee study", "contextNote": "Absentee Shawnee history and contemporary community sources.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/shawnee-indians", "title": "Carol A. Lipscomb. Shawnee Indians Handbook of Texas Online Texas State Historical Association.", "documentKey": "Absentee_Shawnee_Study", "documentTitle": "Absentee Shawnee study", "contextNote": "Absentee Shawnee history and contemporary community sources.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-shawnee-1825-0262", "title": "United States and Shawnee representatives. Treaty with the Shawnee 1825 Oklahoma State University transcription.", "documentKey": "Absentee_Shawnee_Study", "documentTitle": "Absentee Shawnee study", "contextNote": "Absentee Shawnee history and contemporary community sources.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-shawnee-1854-0618", "title": "United States and Shawnee representatives. Treaty with the Shawnee 1854 Especially Article 2 Oklahoma State University transcription.", "documentKey": "Absentee_Shawnee_Study", "documentTitle": "Absentee Shawnee study", "contextNote": "Absentee Shawnee history and contemporary community sources.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=SH016", "title": "Pamela A. Smith. Shawnee Absentee The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture.", "documentKey": "Absentee_Shawnee_Study", "documentTitle": "Absentee Shawnee study", "contextNote": "Absentee Shawnee history and contemporary community sources.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://ca10.washburnlaw.edu/cases/1998/05/96-6219.htm", "title": "United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit. Citizen Band Potawatomi Indian Tribe of Oklahoma v Collier May 5 1998 Historical discussion of the 1872 and 1891 acts.", "documentKey": "Absentee_Shawnee_Study", "documentTitle": "Absentee Shawnee study", "contextNote": "Absentee Shawnee history and contemporary community sources.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/agreement-with-the-absentee-shawnee-1890-22342", "title": "United States and Absentee Shawnee representatives. Agreement with the Absentee Shawnee 1890 Oklahoma State University transcription.", "documentKey": "Absentee_Shawnee_Study", "documentTitle": "Absentee Shawnee study", "contextNote": "Absentee Shawnee history and contemporary community sources.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-311-opening-settlement-lands-acquired-from-the-sac-and-fox-nation-indians", "title": "Benjamin Harrison. Proclamation 311 September 18 1891 The American Presidency Project University of California Santa Barbara.", "documentKey": "Absentee_Shawnee_Study", "documentTitle": "Absentee Shawnee study", "contextNote": "Absentee Shawnee history and contemporary community sources.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc2017416/", "title": "Rebecca A. Kyes. Thomas Wildcat Alford The Chronicles of Oklahoma 95 2 Summer 2017 Pages 154 to 181 Repository record and opening page.", "documentKey": "Absentee_Shawnee_Study", "documentTitle": "Absentee Shawnee study", "contextNote": "Absentee Shawnee history and contemporary community sources.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200, "linkNote": "Institutional request-validation page; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://www.asthealth.org/our-tribe", "title": "Absentee Shawnee Tribal Health System. 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BIA Records Oklahoma Absentee Shawnee agency records and repositories.", "documentKey": "Absentee_Shawnee_Study", "documentTitle": "Absentee Shawnee study", "contextNote": "Absentee Shawnee history and contemporary community sources.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 } ], "studyKeys": [ "Absentee_Shawnee_Study" ], "added": false, "slug": "absentee-shawnee", "searchTerms": [ "Absentee-Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma" ], "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "originalId": 5, "name": "Achumawi", "region": "California / Pit River, Fall River basin, and northeastern California", "kind": "People / language grouping and constituent bands", "overview": "Achumawi histories connect distinct communities along the Pit River and neighboring northeastern California landscapes. This reading path follows band identity, spring-fed fisheries, colonial violence and survival, language teaching, cultural-resource authority, and continuing land and water advocacy. It distinguishes the language grouping from the wider Pit River Tribe and gives each source’s date and community scope.", "sections": [ { "title": "Names, language, and the scale of an account", "text": "Achumawi and Achomawi are widely used language and people labels, but their scope needs explanation. Pit River scholar Connor Yiamkis uses Ótissi or Pit River for the language associated with nine bands, while distinguishing two Atsugewi-associated bands. He explains that Achumawi is also a particular band’s name and remains a wider language name for some community members. Merriam’s 1926 fieldwork likewise records a narrower Fall River usage and different names supplied by different speakers. His historical categories and maps document an earlier research encounter; they do not settle current membership or jurisdiction. An account of one band, a language, and the eleven-band government therefore answers different questions.", "sourceIds": [ "ac-community-6", "ac-history-1" ] }, { "title": "Political identity and band authority", "text": "The constitution published by the Pit River Tribe names the collective Ajumawi–Atsugewi Nation and identifies eleven autonomous bands. Its preamble recalls the written constitution adopted in 1964; the posted version is marked updated July 2005. The document combines shared government with local authority: the Council consists of elected band representatives, while bands retain specified responsibilities for their own cultural, religious and archaeological concerns. This political structure should not be replaced by a language classification. The constitutional homeland account also needs to be distinguished from the boundaries and title of individual present landholdings.", "sourceIds": [ "ac-community-1" ] }, { "title": "Ajumawi water knowledge in the Fall River basin", "text": "California State Parks' public brochure locates Ajumawi history in the spring-fed waters of the Fall River basin. It describes stone fish traps that guided fish through channels and shallow water, connecting engineering with knowledge of springs and spawning behavior. The brochure also describes limits on harvesting and protection of spawning fish. These are accounts of a managed fishery rather than a landscape untouched by people. The same publication discusses volcanic groundwater and threats to native aquatic habitat. Its account concerns this particular Ajumawi landscape; it should not become a single subsistence description for all Achumawi-speaking communities across contrasting environments.", "sourceIds": [ "ac-history-3" ] }, { "title": "Colonial disruption, altered landscapes, and continuing communities", "text": "The CPUC's project-specific cultural review connects nineteenth-century settlement around Fall River with retaliatory killing, Fort Crook, and forced removal to Round Valley in 1859. It also describes people returning afterward. This compressed agency history should be expanded with tribal accounts rather than treated as the experience of every family. The review traces another transformation through drainage of Big Lake, levee construction, ranching, and hydroelectric development. These changes help explain why the current wetland landscape cannot stand in for conditions before colonization. Its archaeological summaries concern surveyed project parcels, with acknowledged gaps; they cannot establish a single starting date for all Pit River history. The Tribe’s Hewisedawi page places that band around Goose Lake, the Warner Mountains and neighboring river and plateau country. It describes moving among seasonal foods before tracing how settler livestock, fencing and military violence disrupted access. Its later account follows people in less accessible places and camps near settler towns, while emphasizing survival and continuing relationships with hunting, gathering and prayer places. This is a particular band history, with its own named places and remembered experiences. It should not supply an identical chronology for every Achumawi-speaking community.", "sourceIds": [ "ac-history-2", "ac-community-2" ] }, { "title": "Trade networks, captivity, and the limits of inference", "text": "Layton's 1981 article places Pit River people within wider networks linking the California Plateau, Great Basin, and Columbia River. His synthesis describes exchange as well as raids and the trafficking of captives, drawing on older ethnographic and travel accounts. Those relationships varied across communities and time; they do not justify portraying neighboring peoples as permanent enemies. Layton proposes that mounted raiding could have encouraged more defensible settlements. Crucially, he says the relevant settlement research had not been conducted in Pit River territory. His archaeological comparisons from Surprise Valley are therefore a regional hypothesis to investigate, not proof that every Achumawi community followed the same sequence.", "sourceIds": [ "ac-history-4" ] }, { "title": "A primary tribal argument about land and cultural authority", "text": "A December 2001 letter submitted by California Indian Legal Services for the Pit River Tribe challenges proposed Shasta County land transfers. It argues that the Tribe should have been considered as a land recipient and that replacing existing protections would weaken cultural-resource care. It also objects to concentrating decisions in a nontribal archaeologist and stresses tribal knowledge of historical and intangible significance. Comment 7 specifically corrects the proposed measure's description of the Ajumawi band's relationship to the Pit River Tribe. The letter records the Tribe's position in that proceeding; it is not a finding that every legal claim was upheld or evidence of today's ownership.", "sourceIds": [ "ac-history-6" ] }, { "title": "Language teaching and the resources learners need", "text": "Illmawi educator Connor Yiamkis and his coauthors describe turning documentation into language for ordinary household activities. The Pit River case uses breakfast vocabulary, verb forms, and conversation scripts; its Miami case concerns a different community. Yiamkis’s distinct 2025 needs analysis examines a May 2020 online survey and describes constraints on sustaining an early class. Its self-selected participants and dated program history cannot establish present fluency or the situation of every band. Together these studies show practical teaching choices and questions for later program research.", "sourceIds": [ "ac-community-5", "ac-community-6" ] }, { "title": "Reading an early ethnographic account critically", "text": "De Angulo's essay preserves reported conversations about life and relationships among people, water, trees, and rocks. The available English text appeared in 1975 as a translation of part of a 1928 French essay. Speakers' words therefore reach readers through the author's selection and a later translation, alongside his speculative theories and stereotypes. It can support careful study of how knowledge was represented in an earlier encounter. It should not define a uniform present-day belief system or authorize reproducing ceremonial instructions.", "sourceIds": [ "ac-history-5" ] }, { "title": "Community advocacy and the geothermal-lease dispute", "text": "The Tribe’s March 2015 hearing advisory connects its geothermal-lease appeal with water protection and continuing religious responsibilities at Medicine Lake. In a distinct November 2023 campaign release, Madesi cultural representative Brandy McDaniels explains the call for monument protection through culture, lifeways and the aquifer; citizen Radley Davis describes personal obligations to the place. These named voices show how public advocacy draws on community relationships with land and water. They establish the speakers’ positions at those dates, rather than the legal outcome of litigation, ownership of the highlands or a completed stewardship agreement. The Pit River Tribe and allied organizations challenged federal decisions extending geothermal leases at Medicine Lake Highlands. In September 2019 the Ninth Circuit affirmed a ruling against the disputed forty-year continuation of twenty-six unproven leases based on a single proven lease in their unit. The case shows sustained tribal use of federal litigation, but its precise holding concerns the leasing statute. It should not be described as a ruling that returned the highlands to tribal ownership or settled all religious-freedom and environmental questions.", "sourceIds": [ "ac-community-7", "ac-community-4", "ac-court-2019" ] }, { "title": "Sáttítla designation and the work of stewardship", "text": "On January 14, 2025, a presidential proclamation established Sáttítla Highlands National Monument on approximately 224,676 acres of federal land. Its account connects Pit River and Modoc homelands, wider Indigenous relationships, obsidian exchange, and groundwater moving through volcanic rock. The proclamation assigns management to the Forest Service and directs consultation, customary-use access, and opportunities for tribal co-stewardship. These are provisions of the designation; they do not establish completed implementation or a transfer of the entire homeland into tribal ownership. Tracking subsequent management decisions remains part of the research.", "sourceIds": [ "ac-proclamation-2025" ] }, { "title": "Recent community reporting", "text": "The Tribe’s August 2025 newsletter reports a Medicine Lake gathering where members and guests shared stories, traditions and language, and an Ancestral Run connecting young people with mountains and ancestors. The same issue announces a youth language camp, band elections and a Four Corners occupation commemoration. It also describes land-use planning, emergency-response investment and buffalo-herd support. This mixture makes contemporary cultural work visible alongside governmental and economic priorities. Reported gatherings differ from invitations and proposed projects: the issue alone does not establish that every announced event occurred or every construction deadline was met.", "sourceIds": [ "ac-community-3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "ac-community-1", "title": "Constitution of the Pit River Tribe", "publisher": "Pit River Tribe", "url": "https://pitrivertribe.gov/constitution/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Government", "Identity", "Bands", "Homelands" ], "annotation": "Read the preamble and Articles I–II, VI and VII, including band powers. The Tribe publishes this text as adopted in 1964 and updated July 2005. It distinguishes the eleven-band political entity from language labels and recognizes band cultural authority. No complete 2026 legal consolidation, title survey or independent jurisdictional ruling is inferred.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "publicationDate": "1964 adoption; published text updated July 2005" }, { "id": "ac-community-2", "title": "Hewisedawi", "publisher": "Pit River Tribe", "url": "https://pitrivertribe.gov/hewisedawi/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Band history", "Homelands", "Dispossession", "Community voices" ], "annotation": "Read the complete band-specific prose account, photograph caption and attribution of the appended poem. Centers Goose Lake, seasonal resources, settler livestock and fencing, military violence and continuing residence. Its chronology and ecological claims are an attributed community account, not independently established for every band. The general Tribal History page reproduces this material and is not a second counted resource.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "ac-community-3", "title": "Pit River Tribe — Quarter 3 newsletter, August 2025", "publisher": "Pit River Tribe", "url": "https://pitrivertribe.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/FINAL-Q3-AUGUST-2025-NEWSLETTER.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Contemporary life", "Youth", "Governance", "Language", "Land use" ], "annotation": "Four-page issue read completely. Page 1 reports the July Medicine Lake gathering and Ancestral Run; pages 2–4 announce elections, language camp, commemoration, grants and community consultation. Separate reported events from invitations and planned construction. The youth camp is a Pit River-wide announcement, not proof of an Achumawi-only curriculum or measured learning.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "publicationDate": "2025-08" }, { "id": "ac-community-4", "title": "Pit River Nation calls for swift action to protect ancestral lands", "publisher": "Protect Medicine Lake Highlands / Pit River Nation campaign", "url": "https://www.protectsattitla.org/press/news-release-pit-river-nation-marks-first-day-of-native-american-heritage-month-by-calling-for-swift-action-to-protect-ancestral-lands-in-northern-california", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Homelands", "Water", "Community voices", "Advocacy" ], "annotation": "November 1, 2023 campaign release read in full. Publishes attributed statements by Chairman Yatch Bamford, Madesi cultural representative Brandy McDaniels and citizen Radley Davis; McDaniels is identified as the Council-appointed Sáttítla working-group lead. Use as primary advocacy and personal testimony. Hydrological quantities, litigation characterizations and proposed protections need independent sources; this predates monument designation.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "publicationDate": "2023-11-01" }, { "id": "ac-community-5", "title": "A multicompetence approach to awakening dormant languages", "publisher": "Keli Yerian, Connor Yiamkis and Jarrid Baldwin / Living Languages, UMass Open Publishing", "url": "https://openpublishing.library.umass.edu/livinglanguages/article/1861/galley/1821/view/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Language", "Community voices", "Teaching", "Indigenous scholarship" ], "annotation": "Actual publisher full text inspected: authorship, abstract and Pit River Case II, printed pp. 137–148, including household vocabulary, verb forms, scripts and discussion of early online teaching. Yiamkis is identified as Illmawi Band. Miami material is a separate case. Early program reports are not a current census or measured long-term outcome. DataCite DOI metadata gives 2023; public full-text access sometimes returns a bot challenge.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "publicationDate": "2023" }, { "id": "ac-community-6", "title": "Reclaiming Domains: Pit River Language Needs Analysis", "publisher": "Connor Yiamkis / Heritage Language Journal; UC Davis eScholarship", "url": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt4px3q773/qt4px3q773.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Language", "Naming", "Community research", "Teaching", "Indigenous scholarship" ], "annotation": "Inspected repository cover and manuscript printed pp. 1–9: positionality, naming, contemporary context, survey procedure and initial results. The May 2020 online survey had 76 respondents and included some non-Pit River participants; response totals vary by question. These are dated, self-selected responses, not a population census. Later interview/materials/limitations chapters await detailed inspection. Subsequent access attempts met restrictions.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "publicationDate": "2025" }, { "id": "ac-community-7", "title": "Medicine Lake hearing — March 12, 2015", "publisher": "Pit River Tribe", "url": "https://pitrivertribe.gov/medicinelakehearing3122015/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Advocacy", "Water", "Homelands", "Public history" ], "annotation": "Read the complete March 2, 2015 media advisory and hearing program. Documents the Tribe and allied plaintiffs publicly connecting water protection, religious responsibilities and a geothermal-lease appeal. Claims about impacts and the merits of litigation are the advisory’s dated advocacy; it does not establish the court’s decision, current lease status or later monument management.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "publicationDate": "2015-03-02" }, { "id": "ac-history-1", "title": "The Classification and Distribution of the Pit River Indian Tribes of California", "publisher": "Smithsonian Institution, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 78(3)", "author": "C. Hart Merriam", "url": "https://repository.si.edu/items/0625c939-2703-4eef-9eb9-b59714697028", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "History", "Names", "Homelands", "Historical scholarship" ], "annotation": "Published December 31, 1926, pp. 1–52. Read printed pp. 1–5, 12–14, 24–26, and selected name entries on pp. 41–47 in the full scan. Merriam acknowledges named Indigenous contributors and records variable names and contrasting environments. His narrower Fall River use of A-choo-mah-we and period classification require context; the map and taxonomy do not establish present jurisdiction or modern band membership. His salvage-era assumptions should not be repeated as statements about contemporary people.", "publicationDate": "1926-12-31", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "ac-history-2", "title": "PG&E Land Transfers Final Mitigated Negative Declaration: Section 2-V, Cultural Resources", "publisher": "California Public Utilities Commission / Environmental Science Associates", "url": "https://ia.cpuc.ca.gov/environment/info/esa/pgedivest/swaps/final/swapch_2v.html", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "History", "Colonial violence", "Land and water", "Cultural resources" ], "annotation": "Read the HTML sections on ethnographic and archaeological background, historical background, McArthur Swamp, surveys, and regulatory setting. This early-2000s project review summarizes settlement, forced removal, wetland engineering, and consultation. It concerns particular Shasta County parcels, not all Pit River territory. Its language-family terminology and archaeological chronology need independent qualification. Its account of consultation does not demonstrate tribal consent or establish current law or a final transfer outcome.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "ac-history-3", "title": "Ahjumawi Lava Springs State Park", "publisher": "California State Parks", "url": "https://www.parks.ca.gov/pages/464/files/AhjumawiLavaSpringsWeb2016.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Homelands", "Water", "Food systems", "Environmental stewardship" ], "annotation": "Four-page public brochure, copyright 2012, revised 2016; read PDF pp. 2–3 on Ajumawi history, stone fish traps, springs, and habitat. Its local focus is the Ajumawi band and the Fall River basin. It describes harvest restraint and protection of spawning fish as part of fishery management. This agency interpretation should not be generalized to every Achumawi-speaking community, and its dated visitor advice is not a current travel guide.", "publicationDate": "2016", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "ac-history-4", "title": "Traders and Raiders: Aspects of Trans-Basin and California-Plateau Commerce, 1800–1830", "publisher": "Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 3(1), pp. 127–137 / UC eScholarship", "author": "Thomas N. Layton", "url": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt3793q75r/qt3793q75r_noSplash_bee433ed446bb01d884018abb42333e8.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "History", "Trade", "Violence and captivity", "Archaeology" ], "annotation": "1981 article; closely read printed pp. 127–131 and checked the later discussion on pp. 134–135. Layton combines earlier ethnography and travel accounts to examine exchange, horses, and captive-taking across a large region. He identifies uneven evidence and explicitly states that the predicted settlement changes had not been investigated in Pit River territory. His Surprise Valley archaeological examples cannot serve as direct evidence of an Achumawi settlement shift.", "publicationDate": "1981", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "ac-history-5", "title": "The Achumawi Life-Force", "publisher": "Journal of California Anthropology 2(1), pp. 60–63 / UC eScholarship", "author": "Jaime de Angulo; translated by Annette Boushey", "url": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt5b313642/qt5b313642_noSplash_425eb182ca392e0f043081d863756391.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Historical scholarship", "Community voices", "Knowledge and representation" ], "annotation": "Read all four pages of the 1975 English translation, excerpted from a 1928 French essay. De Angulo presents reported conversations alongside his own speculative theories and period stereotypes. This is evidence of a mediated historical encounter, not a complete or community-approved account of present belief. The profile proposal discusses relationships and representation without reproducing ritual wording, offerings, or instructions contained in the essay.", "publicationDate": "1975", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "ac-history-6", "title": "Comments of the Pit River Tribe on CPUC Applications 00-05-029 and 00-05-030", "publisher": "California Indian Legal Services, on behalf of the Pit River Tribe; hosted by California Public Utilities Commission", "author": "Michael P. Acosta, attorney for the Pit River Tribe", "url": "https://ia.cpuc.ca.gov/environment/info/esa/pgedivest/swaps/final/pdf/Letter_J.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Land and water", "Tribal advocacy", "Cultural resources", "Consultation" ], "annotation": "December 10, 2001, four-page signed letter; all pages visually inspected. Read especially comments 2–4 and 6–7 on transfer alternatives, consultation, tribal authority over cultural resources, and the Ajumawi band's relationship to the Tribe. These are the Tribe's legal arguments at that time, rather than adjudicated findings or the agency's position. It is a distinct primary submission, not a second copy of the environmental review.", "publicationDate": "2001-12-10", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "ac-court-2019", "title": "Pit River Tribe v. Bureau of Land Management — opinion filed September 19, 2019", "publisher": "U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · National Indian Law Library transcription", "url": "https://www.narf.org/nill/bulletins/federal/documents/pit_river_v_blm.html", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "History", "Homelands", "Government" ], "annotation": "Primary judicial opinion on twenty-six unproven geothermal leases at Medicine Lake Highlands. The synopsis, background, procedural history, statutory discussion, and disposition were inspected for the narrow leasing holding: one proven lease did not justify the disputed forty-year continuation of all the others. The opinion distinguishes that issue from environmental-review and trust claims; it is not a judgment restoring tribal ownership or deciding every cultural-rights question. The library provides the opinion text openly despite the introductory Westlaw citation notice.", "publicationDate": "2019-09-19", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "ac-proclamation-2025", "title": "Proclamation on the Establishment of the Sáttítla Highlands National Monument", "publisher": "President Joseph R. Biden Jr. · archived White House", "url": "https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2025/01/14/proclamation-on-the-establishment-of-the-sattitla-highlands-national-monument/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Homelands", "Government", "Contemporary" ], "annotation": "Primary January 14, 2025 designation, inspected for its account of Pit River and neighboring peoples, volcanic groundwater, obsidian exchange, boundaries, and management provisions. It reserves approximately 224,676 acres of federal land and directs Forest Service consultation and opportunities for tribal co-stewardship and customary uses. Those directions are not evidence that a management plan or commission has been completed, nor a transfer of land title. The frozen presidential archive documents the 2025 action rather than every subsequent policy development. Sensitive site locations are not reproduced here.", "publicationDate": "2025-01-14", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 23, 172, 220 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "relationshipNote": "The Pit River Tribe’s constitution describes an Ajumawi–Atsugewi Nation of eleven autonomous bands. The Achumawi language label is commonly associated with nine bands, while Atsugewi is associated with two. Ajumawi can identify a particular Fall River band; Ótissi and Pit River are language names used by the scholar cited here. Names and spellings should be attributed to their speakers and publications. Related Klamath and Modoc entries concern distinct peoples, not aliases.", "researchGaps": [ "Expand band-authored history beyond the Hewisedawi account and named Madesi and Illmawi voices; one band’s experiences cannot represent all nine language-associated bands.", "Examine additional primary records of settler violence and forced removal alongside community accounts, identifying whose experiences each record describes.", "Document current community-led fisheries and restoration work before describing contemporary management outcomes.", "Investigate the final outcome and subsequent history of the 2001 land-transfer proposal; its review and tribal objections do not establish current title.", "Read the remaining sections of the language-needs study and later community program reports; early research and announcements do not establish present attendance, fluency, or program capacity.", "Track implementation and subsequent policy developments after the 2025 Sáttítla designation, including actual management plans, agreements, and tribal participation.", "Continue reviewing the supplied bibliography and seek community editorial review. Fifteen inspected resources are a milestone, not a completed comprehensive history." ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "researchLeads": [ { "url": "https://pitrivertribe.gov/", "title": "Pit River Tribe. Official tribal website.", "documentKey": "Achumawi_Study", "documentTitle": "Achumawi study", "contextNote": "Achumawi bands and the wider Pit River Tribe; these names have different scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://repository.si.edu/items/0625c939-2703-4eef-9eb9-b59714697028", "title": "C Hart Merriam 1926. The classification and distribution of the Pit River Indian tribes of California. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 78, number 3.", "documentKey": "Achumawi_Study", "documentTitle": "Achumawi study", "contextNote": "Achumawi bands and the wider Pit River Tribe; these names have different scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 403, "linkNote": "Automated access restricted; not evidence of paywall or removal; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://ia.cpuc.ca.gov/environment/info/esa/pgedivest/swaps/final/swapch_2v.html", "title": "California Public Utilities Commission. PG&E Land Transfers Final Mitigated Negative Declaration, Section 2 V Cultural Resources.", "documentKey": "Achumawi_Study", "documentTitle": "Achumawi study", "contextNote": "Achumawi bands and the wider Pit River Tribe; these names have different scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/achumawi.html", "title": "University of California Berkeley. California Language Archive, Achumawi. University overview and guide to linguistic scholarship. The speaker estimate cites Golla 2011.", "documentKey": "Achumawi_Study", "documentTitle": "Achumawi study", "contextNote": "Achumawi bands and the wider Pit River Tribe; these names have different scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206, "supportingReview": true, "linkNote": "Overview and bibliography inspected. A short navigation guide; listed works and dated speaker estimates do not count as newly inspected studies." }, { "url": "https://www.parks.ca.gov/pages/464/files/AhjumawiLavaSpringsWeb2016.pdf", "title": "California State Parks 2016. Ahjumawi Lava Springs State Park brochure. Government account of the Ajumawi band, fish traps and local landscape.", "documentKey": "Achumawi_Study", "documentTitle": "Achumawi study", "contextNote": "Achumawi bands and the wider Pit River Tribe; these names have different scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.csun.edu/~sg4002/courses/417/readings/indians.pdf", "title": "California History Online. The First Californians Native Cultures. Educational reading hosted in a California State University Northridge course archive. The Achumawi section appears on PDF page 9.", "documentKey": "Achumawi_Study", "documentTitle": "Achumawi study", "contextNote": "Achumawi bands and the wider Pit River Tribe; these names have different scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt5b313642/qt5b313642_noSplash_425eb182ca392e0f043081d863756391.pdf", "title": "Jaime de Angulo 1975. The Achumawi Life Force, translated by Annette Boushey. The Journal of California Anthropology 2, number 1, pages 60 to 63. Translation of a passage first published in 1928.", "documentKey": "Achumawi_Study", "documentTitle": "Achumawi study", "contextNote": "Achumawi bands and the wider Pit River Tribe; these names have different scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt3793q75r/qt3793q75r_noSplash_bee433ed446bb01d884018abb42333e8.pdf", "title": "Thomas N Layton 1981. Traders and Raiders Aspects of Trans Basin and California Plateau Commerce 1800 to 1830. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 3, number 1, pages 127 to 137.", "documentKey": "Achumawi_Study", "documentTitle": "Achumawi study", "contextNote": "Achumawi bands and the wider Pit River Tribe; these names have different scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://calindianhistory.org/1859-2/", "title": "California Indian History. 1859 document index. Archival references and summaries of contemporary correspondence and newspapers. Relevant entries include September 30 and October 5 and 19. Individual reports require source criticism.", "documentKey": "Achumawi_Study", "documentTitle": "Achumawi study", "contextNote": "Achumawi bands and the wider Pit River Tribe; these names have different scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.narf.org/nill/constitutions/pit_river/pitriverconst.html", "title": "Pit River Tribe 2005. Constitution of the Pit River Tribe, updated July 2005. Primary tribal document preserved by the Native American Rights Fund’s National Indian Law Library.", "documentKey": "Achumawi_Study", "documentTitle": "Achumawi study", "contextNote": "Achumawi bands and the wider Pit River Tribe; these names have different scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206, "matchedSourceId": "ac-community-1" }, { "url": "https://www.narf.org/nill/bulletins/federal/documents/pit_river_v_blm.html", "title": "United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit 2019. Pit River Tribe v Bureau of Land Management, filed September 19, 2019. Judicial opinion preserved by the National Indian Law Library.", "documentKey": "Achumawi_Study", "documentTitle": "Achumawi study", "contextNote": "Achumawi bands and the wider Pit River Tribe; these names have different scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.fs.usda.gov/visit/national-monuments/sattitla-highlands-national-monument", "title": "United States Forest Service. Sáttítla Highlands National Monument. Official account of the monument, Indigenous connections and geology.", "documentKey": "Achumawi_Study", "documentTitle": "Achumawi study", "contextNote": "Achumawi bands and the wider Pit River Tribe; these names have different scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2025/01/14/proclamation-on-the-establishment-of-the-sattitla-highlands-national-monument/", "title": "President Joseph R Biden Jr 2025. Proclamation on the Establishment of the Sáttítla Highlands National Monument, January 14, 2025. Primary presidential document held by the National Archives.", "documentKey": "Achumawi_Study", "documentTitle": "Achumawi study", "contextNote": "Achumawi bands and the wider Pit River Tribe; these names have different scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://pitrivertribe.gov/2026/03/02/pit-river-language-sessions/", "title": "Pit River Tribe 2026. Pit River Language Sessions, posted March 2, 2026. Primary tribal announcement.", "documentKey": "Achumawi_Study", "documentTitle": "Achumawi study", "contextNote": "Achumawi bands and the wider Pit River Tribe; these names have different scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206, "supportingReview": true, "linkNote": "Announcement and linked flyer inspected. They advertise general Pit River sessions without identifying a specific language, curriculum, attendance, or results. Supporting dated evidence, outside the substantive inspected-source count." }, { "url": "https://www.shastalibraries.org/special-collections/cilc-achomawi/", "title": "Shasta Public Libraries. California Indian Library Collections Achomawi Bibliography. Research guide for published scholarship, oral literature and archival materials, including the 1992 edition of Istet Woiche’s Annikadel.", "documentKey": "Achumawi_Study", "documentTitle": "Achumawi study", "contextNote": "Achumawi bands and the wider Pit River Tribe; these names have different scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://pitrivertribe.gov/tribal-history/", "title": "Tribal History", "documentKey": "earlier-achumawi-guide", "documentTitle": "Earlier Achumawi research routes", "contextNote": "Retained navigation from the earlier profile; individual archival works still require inspection.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://cla.berkeley.edu/list/?langid=256%3DAchumawi", "title": "Achumawi materials — collection search", "documentKey": "earlier-achumawi-guide", "documentTitle": "Earlier Achumawi research routes", "contextNote": "Retained navigation from the earlier profile; individual archival works still require inspection.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" } ], "preferredName": "Achomawi / Ótissi (language names with different scopes)", "searchTerms": [ "Achomawi", "Ótissi", "Ajumawi", "Ahjumawi", "Pit River", "Illmawi", "Hewisedawi", "Sáttítla" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "evidenceNotes": [ "Fifteen distinct substantive resources were inspected, with page or section limits recorded. The Berkeley navigation guide and generic 2026 language-session flyer were inspected as supporting material and remain outside this strict source count. Historical ethnography is contextualized without reproducing specialized ceremonial directions." ], "studyKeys": [ "Achumawi_Study" ], "added": false, "slug": "achumawi", "regionGroups": [ "California", "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 4, "name": "Acoma Pueblo", "preferredName": "Acoma Pueblo · Haak’u", "region": "Southwest / New Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Acoma is a living Pueblo nation whose histories place Haak’u within an enduring homeland. The mesa village is a cultural center of a wider community, connected to farming settlements, water, language, and continuing institutions. These resources bring Acoma’s own historical interpretation and laws together with primary colonial records, public community testimony, and named artists’ work.", "sections": [ { "title": "Haak’u and different ways of knowing historical time", "text": "Acoma’s own introduction explains its name through the idea of a place prepared and describes Haak’u as a spiritual homeland known through oral history and emergence. It separately discusses archaeological evidence and continuous occupation from at least about AD 1200. Those forms of knowledge ask different questions; an excavated deposit does not define the beginning of Acoma identity. The Pueblo’s longer historical essay also examines early Spanish descriptions, including accounts of multistory houses and abundant food. Such records reveal what visitors noticed and wanted to report. They should be read beside Acoma interpretation, rather than allowed to make an outsider’s arrival the beginning of the community’s history. A different kind of evidence comes from a 1987 tree-ring study undertaken alongside housing rehabilitation, with meetings involving Acoma homeowners and representatives. Sampled timbers indicated seventeenth-century construction and later roof repairs. The study helps reconstruct the histories of particular buildings; its limited samples and distinctions between cutting dates and incomplete rings prevent it from becoming a simple date for the origin of Acoma itself.", "sourceIds": [ "p4-identity", "p4-colonial-history", "p4-tree-rings" ] }, { "title": "The 1599 assault and a colonial account of destruction", "text": "The Pueblo’s historical account describes a three-day Spanish attack, the burning of the village and provisions, the capture of men, women, and children, and subsequent colonial proceedings. A translated excerpt from Juan de Oñate’s 1599 report offers a primary record from the aggressor’s side. He acknowledges razing and burning Acoma, while presenting it as punishment and a warning to other communities after Spanish deaths. His language of royal obedience and alleged treason is a colonial justification, not this profile’s judgment of Acoma people. Reading the two accounts together makes power and authorship visible. Neither a conqueror’s report nor a short modern summary alone settles every question about casualties, sentences, or their implementation.", "sourceIds": [ "p4-colonial-history", "p4-onate-report" ] }, { "title": "The Pueblo Revolt belongs to a later regional history", "text": "The 1599 assault should be distinguished from the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, more than eighty years later. The Indian Pueblo Cultural Center’s account explains the regional uprising through exploitation of labor and resources, hunger, violence, and persecution of Pueblo religious life. It presents cooperation among autonomous Pueblo communities as essential to resistance and cultural survival. This regional account provides context for reading Acoma’s colonial history; it is not a detailed reconstruction of Acoma’s particular actions in 1680 or later encounters with returning Spanish forces. The distinction also prevents a misleading story in which one battle, one leader, or one mission represents the whole history of Pueblo resistance.", "sourceIds": [ "p4-revolt", "p4-onate-report" ] }, { "title": "Landholdings and the work of a continuing nation", "text": "The Pueblo’s landholding document shows how different legal histories occupy the same present landscape. Its inventory distinguishes the Acoma grant, executive and congressional actions, exchanges, purchases, trust holdings, and leased lands. Entries identify nineteenth- and twentieth-century transactions rather than reducing the land base to one reservation-creation event. These classifications matter: buying a ranch, holding land in trust, and leasing grazing land are different relationships. The document is a historical inventory, with dated entries and supporting records, rather than a current cadastral map. Tribal institutions also speak through their own law: Title 13 assigns responsibilities for language, education, and historic preservation, demonstrating governance over the conditions that sustain community life.", "sourceIds": [ "p4-landholdings", "p4-cultural-law" ] }, { "title": "Water rights, historical loss, and proposed repair", "text": "In July 2024, Governor Randall Vicente’s written congressional testimony connected Rio San José water to Acoma farming communities, family life, and cultural continuity. He described the effects of upstream development, diversion, and groundwater pumping, alongside federal failures to protect Pueblo water uses. Historical correspondence and earlier proceedings support the Pueblo’s account of a long-running problem. His testimony advocates legislation approving a negotiated settlement and explains a trade-off between enforcing senior rights and obtaining alternative supplies. This is Acoma’s documented argument for a proposed remedy at that hearing. It should not be mistaken for evidence that the legislation was enacted, all settlement conditions were met, or new infrastructure has delivered water.", "sourceIds": [ "p4-water-testimony" ] }, { "title": "Preservation means protecting records, places, and skills", "text": "Acoma’s historic-preservation office dates its establishment to October 1999. Its public account describes collecting photographs and documents for the community, protecting archaeological resources on and beyond tribal lands, and providing guidance in preservation consultation and repatriation. At San Esteban del Rey, a condition assessment led to work involving traditional religious leadership and church caretakers, known as gaugashti. The office connects restoration to opportunities for Acoma people to learn traditional building methods. This places the mission within a larger community responsibility rather than treating the church as the whole of Acoma heritage. Title 13 supplies a complementary legal record of the preservation office and its advisory structure; an institutional description is not proof that every restoration proposal has been completed.", "sourceIds": [ "p4-preservation", "p4-cultural-law" ] }, { "title": "Language learning and community authority over materials", "text": "The H’aakume Dzeeni Language Program describes dictionary work begun in 2017, with fluent speakers editing conversational words and phrases from Acoma, McCartys, and Acomita. Its goals connect learning at home with school curricula. It expressly excludes culturally sensitive vocabulary and seeks member-controlled access to the online resource. The published language policy in Title 13 gives families and households a primary role, alongside tribal and school responsibilities, and supports instruction grounded in Acoma language. These sources document both educational work and the Pueblo’s authority over how knowledge is shared. They do not turn a public program description into permission to reproduce restricted lessons, nor do older project figures establish a current speaker count. Acoma educator Christine Pasqual Sims adds a wider policy perspective in her 2018 Senate testimony. She explains how English-centered testing, teacher credentials, and limited resources can obstruct language efforts, and argues for training and early childhood programs shaped by tribal priorities. Her examples from several communities illuminate shared policy challenges; the Cochiti and Jemez initiatives she describes remain those communities’ programs.", "sourceIds": [ "p4-language", "p4-cultural-law", "p4-sims-testimony" ] }, { "title": "Pottery: individual artists within a living practice", "text": "Sky City Cultural Center’s pottery account describes fine walls, geometric work, functional vessels, and artists’ choices among construction and firing methods. Its emphasis on individual expression makes room for innovation alongside inherited practice. The Smithsonian’s biography of Lucy Martin Lewis provides a named example: she learned by watching Acoma women and experimenting, developed her own interpretations, and helped bring Acoma pottery to wider audiences. Her family continued making pottery across generations. Pairing community interpretation with an artist’s biography avoids treating every pot as an anonymous example of a timeless style. These sources support study of public artistic work; they do not authorize copying designs or seeking the locations of materials the community keeps private.", "sourceIds": [ "p4-pottery", "p4-lucy-lewis" ] }, { "title": "Seeds, farming, and adaptation described by Acoma people", "text": "A 2024 New Mexico PBS program includes public accounts from Acoma preservation leader Theresa Pasqual and seed keeper Aaron Lowden. Pasqual connects stewardship with care for land, plants, wildlife, and future survival. Lowden describes changing rain and snow patterns, a seed bank developed from work with young farmers, and efforts to bring Acoma seeds back from outside collections. He also discusses exchanges with other Indigenous growers and the value of varieties suited to differing conditions. His account shows adaptation through relationships, repeated planting, and seed saving rather than a single technical fix. The transcript includes speakers from other communities as well; only the Acoma speakers’ accounts are used here to describe Acoma experience.", "sourceIds": [ "p4-seeds-climate" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p4-identity", "title": "About Acoma: Haak’u and historical time", "publisher": "Pueblo of Acoma", "url": "https://www.puebloofacoma.org/about-us/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Homelands", "History" ], "annotation": "Read the Pueblo’s substantive introductory paragraphs on names, emergence, Haak’u, and archaeological dating. Brief but important community framing, rather than a directory-only homepage. Its dating claims are attributed and not used to rank communities by antiquity. Undated; no current demographic claim is derived from it.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p4-colonial-history", "title": "Archaeology and Legend: How Old is Acoma?", "publisher": "Pueblo of Acoma", "url": "https://www.puebloofacoma.org/about-us/archaeology-and-legend/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "History", "Colonialism", "Homelands" ], "annotation": "Despite its title, this is a substantial Pueblo-published account of Spanish exploration, written descriptions, the conquest-era attack, prisoners, trial, and later proceedings against Oñate. Read the complete historical text. Its quoted colonial passages require attention to authorship; precise casualty and punishment totals need comparison with critical editions of the records.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p4-onate-report", "title": "The Diversity of Native America: The Southwest — Juan de Oñate, 1599", "publisher": "Digital History / University of Houston; excerpt from Hammond and Rey’s documentary edition", "url": "https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?psid=638&smtid=3", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Primary documents", "History", "Colonialism" ], "annotation": "Read the complete displayed translated excerpt, including Oñate’s acknowledgement of burning Acoma and his attempt to justify it. Source cited by the university is George P. Hammond and Agapito Rey, eds., Don Juan de Oñate: Colonizer of New Mexico, 1595–1628 (1953), vol. 1, pp. 480–485. This is a colonial report excerpt, not the complete letter, full trial, or an Acoma account.", "author": "Juan de Oñate; edition by George P. Hammond and Agapito Rey", "publicationDate": "1599; translated edition 1953", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p4-revolt", "title": "Pueblo Revolt", "publisher": "Indian Pueblo Cultural Center", "url": "https://indianpueblo.org/pueblo-revolt/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "History", "Sovereignty", "Colonialism" ], "annotation": "August 6, 2021 public educational account by the Pueblo cultural institution. Read “Monthly Feature: Pueblo Revolt” and the Po’pay discussion for regional causes, intercommunity cooperation, and cultural survival. This is broader Pueblo context, not a detailed Acoma chronology. Books and videos recommended on the page were not counted as separately inspected sources.", "publicationDate": "2021-08-06", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p4-landholdings", "title": "Pueblo of Acoma Landholdings", "publisher": "Pueblo of Acoma", "url": "https://www.puebloofacoma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Acoma-Landholdings_Final.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Land", "History", "Governance" ], "annotation": "Eight-page tribal document. Inspected PDF pp. 1–4, distinguishing grant, statutory, purchased, trust, and leased holdings, with dated entries extending to 2008. This is a historical inventory; its total is not asserted as the current land base. The attached primary legal material is a further reading path, not a full survey of today’s title status.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p4-water-testimony", "title": "Written Testimony of Pueblo of Acoma Governor Randall Vicente in Support of H.R. 1304", "publisher": "Pueblo of Acoma / U.S. House Committee on Natural Resources", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/118/meeting/house/117483/witnesses/HHRG-118-II13-Wstate-VicenteR-20240723.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Water", "History", "Governance", "Agriculture" ], "annotation": "July 23, 2024, twelve pages. Read pp. 1–7 on Acoma, hydrology, earlier use, development, and historical correspondence, and p. 12 on the settlement argument. Primary tribal testimony advocating legislation; statements about federal failures are the Pueblo’s documented position. No claim here that H.R. 1304 or a successor bill became law, or that proposed water projects are complete.", "author": "Randall Vicente, Governor of the Pueblo of Acoma at the hearing", "publicationDate": "2024-07-23", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p4-preservation", "title": "Tribal Historic Preservation Office", "publisher": "Pueblo of Acoma", "url": "https://www.puebloofacoma.org/departments/department-of-operations/acoma-department-of-natural-resources/tribal-historic-preservation-office/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Heritage", "Archives", "Repatriation", "Education" ], "annotation": "Read “Our Journey,” “Preserving the Invaluable,” and “Preservation through Education.” Describes the office’s October 1999 establishment, community archives, archaeological protection, consultation, repatriation guidance, and restoration with traditional leadership. Undated; project aspirations and funding descriptions are not presented as a current completion audit.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p4-cultural-law", "title": "Pueblo of Acoma Laws, Title 13: Cultural Resources", "publisher": "Pueblo of Acoma", "url": "https://www.puebloofacoma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Title-13-Cultural-Resources.2019-Edition.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Governance", "Language", "Education", "Heritage" ], "annotation": "Published file marked 2019 edition; internal heading says Laws 2003 (2017 Replacement), with origins and amendments noted. Read Chapter 1, especially §§13-1-1–13-1-4 on language, families, tribal and school responsibilities, and Chapter 3 on historic preservation. Primary tribal law demonstrates policy and authority; the text alone does not measure implementation or confirm the absence of later amendments.", "publicationDate": "2019 edition; 2017 replacement text with amendment notes", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p4-language", "title": "H’aakume Dzeeni Language Program", "publisher": "Pueblo of Acoma", "url": "https://www.puebloofacoma.org/departments/department-of-education/language-program/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Education", "Community knowledge" ], "annotation": "Read the complete substantive program description, “What We Do,” objectives, goals, and community work. Describes dictionary work begun in 2017, fluent-speaker editing, school/home learning, exclusion of sensitive vocabulary, and member-access goals. Undated project counts and staffing details are not treated as current. Restricted learning material was not accessed or reproduced.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p4-pottery", "title": "Acoma Pottery: The story of our handmade pottery and local artisans", "publisher": "Sky City Cultural Center and Haak’u Museum / Pueblo of Acoma", "url": "https://skycityacoma.org/acoma-pueblo/acoma-pottery/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Art", "Culture", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Read the complete public account on vessel uses, construction choices, individual expression, and continuity and change in artistic work. A community cultural center’s interpretation, rather than a sales listing or anonymous style guide. The embedded video was not independently reviewed, and no designs or material-collection locations are reproduced.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p4-lucy-lewis", "title": "Lucy M. Lewis", "publisher": "Smithsonian American Art Museum", "url": "https://americanart.si.edu/artist/lucy-m-lewis-2919", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Art", "Biography", "Women" ], "annotation": "Read both the museum biography and Luce Artist Biography, including observation-based learning, personal style, sales, recognition, and descendants’ work. Named Acoma artist, 1902–1992 as catalogued by the museum. A useful collection-based account rather than a complete autobiography; its references to locally held knowledge do not grant permission to disclose it.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p4-seeds-climate", "title": "Our Land: Loving Our Changing Homelands", "publisher": "New Mexico PBS", "url": "https://portal.knme.org/video/our-land-loving-our-changing-homelands-djsn8g/", "type": "Reporting / interview", "topics": [ "Food sovereignty", "Climate", "Stewardship", "Community voices" ], "annotation": "2024 broadcast with public transcript. Inspected the Acoma segments featuring Theresa Pasqual on care and stewardship and Aaron Lowden on climate changes, youth farming, seed saving, rematriation, and exchanges. This review is of the transcript, not independent listening or translation of Keres speech. Other interviewees’ experiences in the same program are not attributed to Acoma.", "publicationDate": "2024", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p4-tree-rings", "title": "Tree-Ring Studies of the Pueblo de Acoma: A Preliminary Report", "publisher": "Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona", "url": "https://ltrr.arizona.edu/sites/ltrr.arizona.edu/files/bibliodocs/Robinson_Tree-Ring%20Studies%20of%20the%20Pueblo%20de%20Acoma_1987.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "History", "Architecture", "Community research", "Preservation" ], "annotation": "William J. Robinson, 1987. Read printed pp. 1–10 on meetings with Acoma homeowners and representatives, rehabilitation, methods, and results, plus p. 11’s dating-symbol key. Selected roof timbers support seventeenth-century construction and later repair; a beam date is not a founding date for Acoma. The study is preliminary and samples only parts of the village. Room-by-room owner and location details are not reproduced here.", "author": "William J. Robinson", "publicationDate": "1987", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p4-sims-testimony", "title": "Christine Pasqual Sims: Testimony on Maintaining and Revitalizing Native Languages for Future Generations", "publisher": "Christine Pasqual Sims / U.S. Senate Committee on Indian Affairs", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-115shrg32539/pdf/CHRG-115shrg32539.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Education", "Language", "Community voices", "Public policy" ], "annotation": "August 22, 2018 hearing, S. Hrg. 115–367. Read Sims’s oral remarks on printed pp. 25–26 and prepared statement pp. 27–31. The Acoma educator discusses teacher training, tribal decision-making, school policy, and early childhood language learning. Her examples include several distinct communities, especially Cochiti and Jemez; those schools and their outcomes must not be relabeled as Acoma programs. Other witnesses’ statements were not reviewed as part of this source check.", "author": "Christine Pasqual Sims", "publicationDate": "2018-08-22", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 163, 179, 310 ], "relationshipNote": "Acoma is an individual sovereign Pueblo nation. Keres identifies a linguistic relationship, while Pueblo is a broader regional term encompassing distinct peoples and languages. Acoma and Laguna share a Rio San José water-rights settlement context while retaining separate governments and community histories.", "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "researchGaps": [ "Add a fully inspected critical edition of the 1598–1599 trial, translated Acoma testimony, and specialist historical work. Compare casualty, sentencing, and implementation claims without treating colonial proceedings as neutral evidence or repeating uncertain numerical totals.", "Deepen Acoma-specific accounts of the 1680 revolt, Spanish return, seventeenth-century mission labor, and community rebuilding; the included IPCC resource supplies regional context rather than that full local history.", "Trace the current status of the Rio San José settlement through later Pueblo statements and enacted instruments, and document water-delivery outcomes. A 2024 request for legislation is not evidence that it became law.", "Compare the landholding inventory with current Pueblo records and primary grants, executive orders, statutes, and trust decisions. The inventory is historical and has not been converted into a present boundary map or current acreage claim.", "Add direct public interviews and writings by more Acoma artists, scholars, teachers, farmers, women, and young people; expand community life beyond the mesa and beyond the examples represented here.", "Seek dated language-program, school, and restoration evaluations while respecting member-controlled access and the Pueblo’s authority over cultural and linguistic materials. No Atlas community review has been recorded." ], "researchLeads": [ { "url": "https://www.puebloofacoma.org/about-us/", "title": "www.puebloofacoma.org — source linked in Acoma Pueblo study", "documentKey": "Acoma_Pueblo_Study", "documentTitle": "Acoma Pueblo study", "contextNote": "Acoma history, government, cultural preservation, and art.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://mytext.cnm.edu/lesson/development-of-pueblo-society/", "title": "mytext.cnm.edu — source linked in Acoma Pueblo study", "documentKey": "Acoma_Pueblo_Study", "documentTitle": "Acoma Pueblo study", "contextNote": "Acoma history, government, cultural preservation, and art.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 401, "linkNote": "Authorization response; access terms need manual checking; 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"https://www.puebloofacoma.org/about-us/archaeology-and-legend/", "title": "www.puebloofacoma.org — source linked in Acoma Pueblo study", "documentKey": "Acoma_Pueblo_Study", "documentTitle": "Acoma Pueblo study", "contextNote": "Acoma history, government, cultural preservation, and art.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/elma/learn/historyculture/upload/ELMA_hist.pdf", "title": "www.nps.gov — source linked in Acoma Pueblo study", "documentKey": "Acoma_Pueblo_Study", "documentTitle": "Acoma Pueblo study", "contextNote": "Acoma history, government, cultural preservation, and art.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.puebloofacoma.org/about-us/rebuilding-the-pueblo/", "title": "www.puebloofacoma.org — source linked in Acoma Pueblo study", "documentKey": "Acoma_Pueblo_Study", "documentTitle": "Acoma Pueblo study", "contextNote": "Acoma history, government, cultural preservation, and art.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.puebloofacoma.org/about-us/modern-acoma/", "title": "www.puebloofacoma.org — source linked in Acoma Pueblo study", "documentKey": "Acoma_Pueblo_Study", "documentTitle": "Acoma Pueblo study", "contextNote": "Acoma history, government, cultural preservation, and art.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/law-and-history-review/article/abs/acoma-v-laguna-and-the-transition-from-spanish-colonial-law-to-american-civil-procedure-in-new-mexico/D246524CEF1BFFBA83277FF9EA6F6DFD", "title": "www.cambridge.org — source linked in Acoma Pueblo study", "documentKey": "Acoma_Pueblo_Study", "documentTitle": "Acoma Pueblo study", "contextNote": "Acoma history, government, cultural preservation, and art.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.puebloofacoma.org/about-us/canes-of-power/", "title": "www.puebloofacoma.org — source linked in Acoma Pueblo study", "documentKey": "Acoma_Pueblo_Study", "documentTitle": "Acoma Pueblo study", "contextNote": "Acoma history, government, cultural preservation, and art.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.puebloofacoma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Acoma-Landholdings_Final.pdf", "title": "www.puebloofacoma.org — source linked in Acoma Pueblo study", "documentKey": "Acoma_Pueblo_Study", 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{ "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-nm/pr/us-attorney-s-office-district-new-mexico-announces-successful-recovery-acoma-shield", "title": "www.justice.gov — source linked in Acoma Pueblo study", "documentKey": "Acoma_Pueblo_Study", "documentTitle": "Acoma Pueblo study", "contextNote": "Acoma history, government, cultural preservation, and art.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://law.ucdavis.edu/news/michael-taylor-class-69", "title": "law.ucdavis.edu — source linked in Acoma Pueblo study", "documentKey": "Acoma_Pueblo_Study", "documentTitle": "Acoma Pueblo study", "contextNote": "Acoma history, government, cultural preservation, and art.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 403, "linkNote": "Automated access restricted; not evidence of paywall or removal; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/church-history/article/abs/spanish-missions-cultural-conflict-and-the-pueblo-revolt-of-1680/5524E0B7EB6DFAEBB963CEE04675A6D7", "title": "www.cambridge.org — source linked in Acoma Pueblo study", "documentKey": "Acoma_Pueblo_Study", "documentTitle": "Acoma Pueblo study", "contextNote": "Acoma history, government, cultural preservation, and art.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 } ], "studyKeys": [ "Acoma_Pueblo_Study" ], "added": false, "slug": "acoma-pueblo", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] }, { "originalId": 6, "name": "Adai", "region": "Southeast · northwestern Louisiana, including the Natchitoches–Robeline region", "kind": "People / historical language / contemporary community", "overview": "Explore Adai histories and the contemporary Adai Caddo community through public community accounts, institutional records, language scholarship, historical documents and archaeology. Keep the people, the language and the colonial establishment called Los Adaes distinct.", "sections": [ { "title": "Names and a living community", "text": "Adai, Adaes, Adaize and Adaizan appear in different historical, linguistic and contemporary contexts. Today the Adai Caddo Indian Nation publishes an account centered on family relationships, teaching and enduring connections with northwestern Louisiana. Its history page combines community self-description with quotations from older writers. Begin with that public voice, then compare the particular claims with the dated records below. The historical people, the language, the colonial establishment called Los Adaes and the present organization require distinct descriptions. Caddo affiliation in contemporary identity does not, by itself, settle the historical language’s classification.", "sourceIds": [ "ad-community-1" ] }, { "title": "Kinship, mobility and church life", "text": "An undated briefing prepared by historian Michael Lawson with Rufus Davis and anthropologist Maria Wade describes relatives living away who return for family occasions. Its later pages connect Depression-era and wartime work migration with continuing visits, church and homecoming. The community’s current history page also gives Catholic faith a prominent place. Together these sources offer attributed accounts of connection across distance, rather than proof that every family shares one religious experience or an identical migration history.", "sourceIds": [ "ad-community-4", "ad-community-1" ] }, { "title": "Contemporary institutions and recognition records", "text": "The bylaws effective March 2, 2024 name the corporation Caddo Adais Indians, Inc., with Adai Caddo Indian Nation among its public names. They distribute responsibilities among six council offices, prescribed elections and appointed officers. A Council of Elders advises on social and cultural activities, youth mentoring and elders’ needs. These published rules reveal how the contemporary organization assigns work and preserves records; they should not be treated as an unchanged model of historical Adai government. On October 20, 2026, Louisiana’s official directory placed Adai Caddo Indians of Louisiana under State Recognized Tribes. The January 30, 2026 BIA list, still linked by its live directory, includes Caddo Nation of Oklahoma and contains no Adai entry. These records concern distinct political names and administrative systems; absence from this list is not a documented petition denial.", "sourceIds": [ "ad-community-3", "ad-support-3", "ad-support-4" ] }, { "title": "Homelands and a colonial place name", "text": "Los Adaes names a Spanish mission, presidio, and settlement whose history intersects with Adai history. The Texas Beyond History exhibit describes Adai communities maintaining settlements around waterways while visiting and trading with the colonial establishment. Its account also distinguishes the wider region’s peoples and explains why European spellings and administrative categories require scrutiny. A place bearing the Adai name is therefore evidence of a relationship, rather than a complete map of where all Adai families lived. The exhibit’s later heritage discussion acknowledges living communities, even where other passages use older language of disappearance.", "sourceIds": [ "ad-root-exhibit" ] }, { "title": "Choices around the mission and the limits of its records", "text": "In May 1768, Franciscan inspector Gaspar José de Solís described the Los Adays mission and presidio as separate buildings across a small plain. He reported no resident Indigenous congregation while describing numerous Indigenous people nearby who preferred visiting the presidio. The account records limits on Spanish conversion efforts; its explanations of baptism motives partly reflect settlers’ reports and the inspector’s suspicions. Lack of a mission congregation does not establish absence from the surrounding country. George Avery’s archival study supplies another caution: a 1766 Louisiana list omitted the Adaes because officials placed them under Texas jurisdiction. Avery also left the meaning of an unfilled Adaes symbol on a 1757 map unresolved. Omissions and uncertain map symbols require investigation with particular records and family histories. A Spanish surname alone does not prove an Indigenous woman’s ancestry.", "sourceIds": [ "solis-inspection", "avery-archival" ] }, { "title": "Adai communities in the early United States records", "text": "John Sibley’s 1805 account describes an Adaize community at Lac Macdon, connected with the Bayou Pierre branch of the Red River. He places the old Spanish establishment some distance to its south and says it was named for the people. The passage distinguishes a community from the mission and presidio. His estimate concerns about twenty men, with more women; it cannot be quoted as twenty people in total. A distinct 1807 journal records parties and chiefs arriving on August 13 from several nations, including the Adaize, and discusses provisions, travel and horses. This is evidence of named Adai presence within a regional network, filtered through an administrator’s priorities. A later formal council list does not name Adai: the earlier visit cannot establish a treaty signature or participation in every subsequent meeting.", "sourceIds": [ "ad-history-1", "ad-history-2" ] }, { "title": "Language use and language descent", "text": "The same account says the Adai had a language of their own while also speaking Caddo and, in many cases, French. Those statements can coexist: using a neighboring language does not establish that one's ancestral language belongs to the same family. Mithun's 2017 discussion revisits the limited documentation and reports Chafe's rejection of identifying the recorded language as Caddo. She argues that an isolate is suggested, while explaining the broader difficulty of distinguishing an isolate from a language whose record is too limited to classify. This linguistic question should remain separate from contemporary Adai Caddo identity and the community's own reconstruction work.", "sourceIds": [ "ad-history-1", "ad-history-4" ] }, { "title": "Population estimates and the persistence of names", "text": "Swanton's 1942 sourcebook assembles estimates whose units vary between men, families, and total inhabitants. Its table even calculates some totals by multiplying warrior counts. These figures are evidence of what particular observers counted or estimated, rather than directly comparable modern censuses. Swanton also quotes land records using Adaes or Adaise and acknowledges uncertainty about the identity of a later village bearing that name. A place name alone cannot establish the inhabitants' identity or a complete genealogy. His further claim that Adai were entirely merged with other Caddo should be identified as his historical interpretation, rather than used to erase a present community's account of continuity.", "sourceIds": [ "ad-history-3" ] }, { "title": "Reading archaeological interpretations", "text": "Webb and Gregory’s state-published study gives the Adaes a distinct section within a wider Caddo account. It considers dispersed hamlets, trade, pottery and possible village identifications. Those identifications remain attributed hypotheses; broad archaeological periods do not establish when the Adai people began. A separate 2004 journal article compares documentary expectations with pottery, imported goods, buildings and food remains at Los Adaes. Indigenous-made vessels were central to this mixed settlement alongside French and Spanish objects. Its authors interpret combinations through exchange and accommodation. A vessel alone does not establish an Adai maker, and cooperation in particular activities does not establish equal power in every relationship. Both works are useful for understanding how scholars connect documents and material evidence, with their different dates, classifications and assumptions kept visible.", "sourceIds": [ "ad-root-webb", "ad-root-gregory2004" ] }, { "title": "Language teaching and practical community programs", "text": "The organization describes rebuilding Adaizan teaching materials from limited documentation, comparing John Sibley’s spellings and developing a writing system. Its programs page reports translations and instructional videos, with a dictionary and children’s book underway. These are accounts of reconstruction and teaching work, rather than a current speaker census or independent linguistic classification. The same page describes member-led seminars at quarterly council meetings, field trips and a volunteer emergency-management program offering supplies, training and communications resources. These reported activities give a broader view of community priorities; the page does not independently measure participation, educational outcomes or emergency readiness.", "sourceIds": [ "ad-community-2" ] }, { "title": "Public history, learning and a cultural center", "text": "A March 31, 2026 report describes a weeklong trip through public historical and cultural institutions in the Natchitoches region. Organizer Robert Brevelle framed the visits around education and relationships with ancestors and land, while historian Dee Niette Thompson thanked participating institutions. This dated report makes the field-trip program more concrete. Its historical and genealogical assertions still need their own evidence. The community’s cultural-center page describes a museum and meeting facility near Robeline. Its public explanation of the Great Seal, attributed to Paige Holsapple and Robert Brevelle, connects particular motifs with its own historical memory and faith. That interpretation belongs to this community and this seal; it is not a universal guide to Caddo designs. A public facility location is also distinct from an ancestral territorial boundary.", "sourceIds": [ "ad-community-5", "ad-support-1", "ad-support-2" ] }, { "title": "Acknowledgment priorities in a participant’s words", "text": "In a May 2025 Native America Calling interview, council member Robert Brevelle connected federal acknowledgment with elder health care, young people’s education and cultural preservation. He also described the cost and specialized work involved in pursuing acknowledgment. The tribal-posted transcript preserves these priorities in an identified participant’s voice. His hopes and account of the process should be distinguished from an agency ruling, current petition status or grants actually awarded.", "sourceIds": [ "ad-community-6" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "ad-community-1", "title": "History", "publisher": "Adai Caddo Indian Nation", "url": "https://adaicaddo.com/about/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community voices", "Identity", "History", "Faith" ], "annotation": "Read the complete substantive history page, including its contemporary self-description and church affiliations. It presents the organization’s own account of identity and continuity alongside quotations from older writers. Useful as community public history, with historical priority, land-title, genealogy and broad Caddoan-language claims requiring separate verification. The general About directory is not an additional resource.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20" }, { "id": "ad-community-2", "title": "Programs & Services", "publisher": "Adai Caddo Indian Nation", "url": "https://adaicaddo.com/programs/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Education", "Emergency management", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Read the complete page. Describes language reconstruction, seminars, field trips and volunteer emergency services. Dictionary and children’s-book projects are described as underway. The page’s categorical Caddoan classification is not adopted as linguistic consensus. Listed equipment is reported capacity, not an independent readiness audit; page sections and links do not count as separate works.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20" }, { "id": "ad-community-3", "title": "Bylaws of Caddo Adais Indians, Inc.", "publisher": "Caddo Adais Indians, Inc. / Adai Caddo Indian Nation", "url": "https://adaicaddo.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Caddo-Adais-Inc-Bylaws-2024.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Government", "Membership", "Institutions", "Elders" ], "annotation": "Read PDF pages 1–10 of 12, including Articles I–II, IV, VI and VIII–IX. The document states a March 2, 2024 revision and effective date. It identifies the corporation and its Adai Caddo public name, council responsibilities, elections, elders and appointed roles. These are published institutional rules, not a federal acknowledgment decision or proof of unchanged historical government.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "publicationDate": "2024-03-02" }, { "id": "ad-community-4", "title": "Introducing the Adai Indian Nation", "publisher": "Morgan, Angel & Associates, LLC; digital copy at the Newberry Library", "url": "https://collections.newberry.org/API/Download/v1_0/GetOriginalLimited?Identifier=NL1RLYU&SourceAction=API_VIEW_DETAILS_TRX&saveName=99115995335058670000000080pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Community history", "Kinship", "Migration", "Faith" ], "annotation": "Read pages 1–7 and 15–19 of the 19-page briefing. Michael L. Lawson prepared it in cooperation with Chief Rufus Davis and anthropologist Maria D. Wade. Its community-collaborative account discusses dispersed relatives, work migration, church and homecoming. Undated; PDF creation metadata does not establish publication date. Recognition arguments are advocacy; inconsistent grant/cession dates are not used. This is not an agency determination.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "author": "Michael L. Lawson, in cooperation with Rufus Davis and Maria D. Wade" }, { "id": "ad-community-5", "title": "Adai Caddo Indian Nation holds 2nd Annual Field Trip visiting sites across Natchitoches and CENLA", "publisher": "Natchitoches Parish Journal", "url": "https://natchitochesparishjournal.com/2026/03/31/adai-caddo-indian-nation-holds-2nd-annual-field-trip-visiting-sites-across-natchitoches-and-cenla/", "type": "Reporting / interview", "topics": [ "Education", "Community voices", "Public history", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Read the complete March 31, 2026 report and visually checked all three pages of the tribal-hosted archived screenshots. Reports a March field trip and quotes organizer Robert Brevelle and historian Dee Niette Thompson. Evidence for a reported educational activity and participants’ aims; historical site identifications, genealogy and land-ownership assertions are not independently established here. Original article and archived PDF are one work.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "publicationDate": "2026-03-31", "alternateUrl": "https://adaicaddo.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Adai-Caddo-Indian-Nation-holds-2nd-Annual-Field-Trip-visiting-sites-across-Natchitoches-and-CENLA.pdf" }, { "id": "ad-community-6", "title": "Native America Calling — May 28, 2025 Adai interview transcript", "publisher": "Native America Calling / Koahnic Broadcast Corporation; transcript posted by Adai Caddo Indian Nation", "url": "https://adaicaddo.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Native-America-Calling-Transcript-May-28-2025.pdf", "type": "Reporting / interview", "topics": [ "Community voices", "Federal acknowledgment", "Education", "Health" ], "annotation": "Read all six pages of the tribal-posted transcript of Shawn Spruce’s interview with council member Robert Brevelle; also checked the official episode page. Brevelle discusses acknowledgment, elder health, youth education and cultural preservation. These are attributed priorities and advocacy, not proof of petition status, eligibility or funding received. Recording not independently audited against this transcript; other episode interviews are not represented as reviewed.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "author": "Shawn Spruce (host); Robert Brevelle (interviewee)", "publicationDate": "2025-05-28", "alternateUrl": "https://www.nativeamericacalling.com/wednesday-may-28-2025-hurdles-opposition-confront-tribes-on-the-cusp-of-federal-recognition/" }, { "id": "ad-history-1", "title": "Historical Sketches of the Several Indian Tribes in Louisiana: Adaize account", "publisher": "John Sibley; reprinted in American State Papers, Boston: Munroe, Francis, & Parker, 1808; scan from Internet Archive via Wikimedia Commons", "author": "John Sibley", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/American_state_papers_%28IA_americanstatepap01unit%29.pdf#page=52", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "History", "Homelands", "Language", "Colonial records" ], "annotation": "1805 account, communicated with Jefferson's 1806 message; inspected in a dated 1808 Boston reprint, printed pp. 42–44, especially the complete Adaize entry on p. 44 (PDF p. 52). Sibley distinguishes the community at Lac Macdon from the old Spanish establishment and describes multilingualism. His estimate concerns men, not the whole population. This is an official observer's account, containing judgments and secondhand claims; it is not an independently verified census or a tribal-authored history.", "publicationDate": "1808", "documentDate": "1805", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "recommendedForCoreCollection": true }, { "id": "ad-history-2", "title": "A Report from Natchitoches in 1807", "publisher": "Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, Indian Notes and Monographs 25; Smithsonian Libraries / Internet Archive", "author": "John Sibley; edited with an introduction by Annie Heloise Abel", "url": "https://archive.org/download/reportfromnatchi00sibl/reportfromnatchi00sibl.pdf#page=52", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "History", "Diplomacy", "Community presence", "Colonial administration" ], "annotation": "1922 edition of Sibley's 1807 journal. Read the introduction's printed pp. 5–8 and August entries on pp. 49–56, especially August 13 on p. 50. Adai parties and chiefs appear among visitors receiving provisions. The August 18 formal council list on p. 56 does not name Adai, so the earlier visit must not be turned into a treaty-signature claim. The publication and its introduction reflect two different periods of outsider authorship.", "publicationDate": "1922", "documentDate": "1807", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "recommendedForCoreCollection": true }, { "id": "ad-history-3", "title": "Source Material on the History and Ethnology of the Caddo Indians", "publisher": "Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 132; full-text transcription hosted by the Louisiana Anthology", "author": "John R. Swanton", "url": "https://louisiana-anthology.org/303_download/texts/swanton--caddo/swanton--caddo.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "History", "Names", "Land records", "Historical scholarship" ], "annotation": "1942 sourcebook. Inspected selected Adai passages on printed pp. 13–15, 21–23, 75, and 84–85. Swanton compares discrepant population estimates, reports Caddo recollections, and warns that a later village called Adaise cannot securely be identified as Indigenous. Its historical synthesis and quoted records require source-specific reading. His assertion that Adai were entirely merged with other Caddo is a dated author's conclusion, not a verdict on today's communities or their identities.", "publicationDate": "1942", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "recommendedForCoreCollection": true }, { "id": "ad-history-4", "title": "Language Isolates of North America", "publisher": "Routledge, in Language Isolates, pp. 193–228; author-posted full text on ResearchGate", "author": "Marianne Mithun", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345108369_Language_Isolates_of_North_America", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Language", "Linguistic classification", "Documentation", "Research methods" ], "annotation": "2017 chapter, DOI 10.4324/9781315750026-8. Read printed pp.193–195 of the author-posted full text, including the Adai analysis. Mithun explains documentation limits and argues the evidence suggests an isolate, citing Wallace Chafe. Use this for linguistic reasoning, not compressed mission chronology. The underlying vocabulary manuscript and Chafe’s unpublished communication were not inspected. A later automated availability request returned403; this does not establish a reader paywall.", "publicationDate": "2017", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "recommendedForCoreCollection": true }, { "id": "ad-root-exhibit", "title": "Los Adaes — Cultural Worlds, archival research, and legacy", "publisher": "Texas Beyond History · Texas Archeological Research Laboratory", "author": "Hiram F. Gregory, George Avery, Francis X. Galán, Steve Black, and contributors including Mariah F. Wade", "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/adaes/worlds.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "History", "Homelands", "Archaeology", "Source criticism" ], "annotation": "Read Cultural Worlds, Los Adaes Archival Research, Legacy, and the contributor credits. The exhibit distinguishes Adai communities from the colonial establishment and discusses Indigenous-made pottery, trade, and later heritage. Its contributors include an Adai specialist and acknowledge Chief Rufus Davis’s assistance. Some language about disappearance and colonial cultural hierarchies is dated; do not adopt it as a verdict on living identity. The linked exhibit sections count as one resource, not four.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20" }, { "id": "ad-root-webb", "title": "The Caddo Indians of Louisiana — second edition, The Adaes section", "publisher": "Louisiana Division of Archaeology · Anthropological Study No. 2", "author": "Clarence H. Webb and Hiram F. Gregory", "url": "https://www.crt.louisiana.gov/Assets/OCD/archaeology/discoverarchaeology/virtual-books/PDFs/Caddo.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "History", "Archaeology", "Language", "Homelands" ], "annotation": "Inspected the cover, reissue foreword, historical context, and The Adaes section on PDF pp. 22–24. The foreword says this edition largely reissues a 1978 text. A substantial, explicitly Adai-focused account considers dispersed settlement, mission connections, pottery, and possible village identifications. Several sites and affiliations are hypotheses. Its confident Caddoan classification and colonial mission dates require comparison with later specialists; regional archaeological periods do not date the origin of the Adai people. Sensitive locations and funerary details are not reproduced.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20" }, { "id": "ad-root-gregory2004", "title": "Presidio Los Adaes: Spanish, French, and Caddoan Interaction on the Northern Frontier", "publisher": "Historical Archaeology 38(3), pp. 65–77 · Society for Historical Archaeology; authorized Texas Beyond History copy", "author": "H. F. Gregory, George Avery, Aubra L. Lee, and Jay C. Blaine", "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/adaes/images/Gregory-SHA-2004.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "History", "Archaeology", "Trade", "Material culture" ], "annotation": "Actual scanned article visually inspected at printed pp. 65, 67–71, and 74–75, including the excavation overview and conclusions. Compares documentary expectations with Indigenous pottery, French and Spanish goods, architecture, and food remains at the presidio. Material patterns concern a mixed colonial settlement; they do not identify every maker as Adai or prove equal power and universal harmony. Site-specific counts and social interpretations need their original contexts. This authored journal study is distinct from the later public exhibit.", "publicationDate": "2004", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20" }, { "id": "avery-archival", "title": "Archival Investigations of the People of Los Adaes", "publisher": "George Avery — Southern Studies 7(1):65–88", "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/adaes/images/Avery-1996.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "History", "Identity", "Homelands" ], "annotation": "Read printed pp.65–67,70,77,80–85; visually checked pp.65,77,80. A directly relevant archival study explains why jurisdiction, inconsistent names and ambiguous mapping limit conclusions about Adai presence. Its baptism total conflicts with the inspected Solís translation. The displayed Spring 1996 issue date also conflicts with later references; neither anomaly is silently corrected.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20" }, { "id": "solis-inspection", "title": "Diary of a Visit of Inspection of the Texas Missions Made by Fray Gaspar José de Solís in the Year 1767–68", "publisher": "Gaspar José de Solís; translated by Margaret Kenney Kress, introductory note by Mattie Austin Hatcher — Southwestern Historical Quarterly 35(1), July 1931:28–76", "url": "https://archive.org/details/sim_southwestern-historical-quarterly_1931-07_35_1/page/n70/mode/1up", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "History", "Homelands", "Religion", "Source criticism" ], "annotation": "Read printed pp.28–29 and 61–66 of the public issue scan; visually checked 65–66. The translated 1768 inspection distinguishes mission and presidio and discusses surrounding Indigenous people and selective participation. This Franciscan account, filtered through a 1931 translation, is not Indigenous testimony or a population census. Original Spanish manuscript and the complete diary were not read.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20" }, { "id": "ad-support-1", "title": "Government — Great Seal interpretation", "publisher": "Adai Caddo Indian Nation", "url": "https://adaicaddo.com/government/#great-seal", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Public art", "Identity", "Community voices" ], "annotation": "Read the complete government page and public explanation of the seal, attributed to Paige Holsapple and Robert Brevelle. The community interprets particular motifs through its own history and faith. Short supporting interpretation, kept outside the substantive-source count. It does not establish universal Caddo symbolism, historical title or the historical accuracy of every association.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "ad-support-2", "title": "Cultural Center", "publisher": "Adai Caddo Indian Nation", "url": "https://adaicaddo.com/about/cultural-center/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Public visitor information", "Community institutions", "Geography" ], "annotation": "Read the complete short page: public museum/exhibit and meeting-facility description, photographs and published street address. Supporting visitor and geographic information only. It supplies a present facility location, not a historical homeland boundary. The community publishes LA-485, while the state directory prints LA-486; no coordinates were inferred from the conflicting roads.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "ad-support-3", "title": "Federally and State-Recognized Tribes", "publisher": "Louisiana Office of the Governor / Indian Affairs", "url": "https://gov.louisiana.gov/federal-and-state-recognized-tribes", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "State recognition", "Contemporary institutions" ], "annotation": "Read the federal and state headings and Adai entry on the live official directory on October 20, 2026. It places “Adai Caddo Indians of Louisiana” under State Recognized Tribes. Supports that precisely attributed listing, without establishing its legal origin date, federal status or equivalence to another Caddo government. Name/contact listing kept outside the substantive-source count.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "ad-support-4", "title": "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs; Federal Register / Government Publishing Office", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2026-01-30/pdf/2026-01899.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Federal recognition", "Political distinctions" ], "annotation": "Read the notice introduction and relevant alphabetical entries in the official five-page PDF, 91 FR 4102–4106, and searched its complete extracted text. Caddo Nation of Oklahoma is listed; Adai/Adais is absent. BIA’s live directory still points to this notice. Supports a dated list comparison, not a finding that any particular petition was denied. Supporting status check outside the substantive count.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "publicationDate": "2026-01-30", "alternateUrl": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 38, 242 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "relationshipNote": "Adai Caddo Indian Nation and Caddo Nation of Oklahoma are distinct contemporary political names. The Caddo and Natchitoches entries provide regional and historical connections, not interchangeable identities. Los Adaes names a colonial mission, presidio and settlement; not every person called Adaeseño in that regional history can be assigned Adai ancestry.", "researchGaps": [ "Compare more community-authored histories and publicly shared family accounts; this profile is an introduction and has not received community review.", "Obtain and read the full Pleasant 2013 settlement-location article before adopting its proposed geography. Colonial place names and candidate archaeological sites do not establish a single precise homeland boundary.", "Reconcile language classifications through surviving documentation and specialist analysis; neither an old categorical classification nor a modern political affiliation settles linguistic descent.", "The Solís translation and Avery study report different baptism totals. Compare the underlying manuscript and alternative translations; baptism entries are not a census of the Adai people.", "Verify land-grant and cession chronology against original instruments. The collaborative briefing contains internally inconsistent dates, so this article does not adopt a land-title conclusion.", "No present acknowledgment petition disposition, complete documentary petition, current speaker census or comparable membership series was verified. Interview advocacy and dated counts have limited scopes.", "The community cultural-center address and state directory disagree on the highway number. Resolve that discrepancy before any later geocoding; do not infer wider territory from a public facility.", "Extend coverage of nineteenth- and twentieth-century change, community livelihoods, teaching outcomes and the range of family experiences without generalizing one representative’s account to everyone." ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "preferredName": "Adai Caddo", "searchTerms": [ "Adaes", "Adaize", "Adaizan", "Adays", "Adais", "Adai Caddo Indian Nation" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "evidenceNotes": [ "Fifteen substantive works were inspected on October 20, 2026. Four short supporting records are explicitly excluded from that substantive count. Identified pages or excerpts were read where annotations specify a limited scope; no unread book is counted. Sources sharing earlier records are distinct works but not independent corroboration of every claim. Historical statements about language loss or absorption are not evidence of a people’s disappearance." ], "researchLeads": [ { "title": "About the Adai Caddo Indian Nation", "url": "https://adaicaddo.com/about/", "documentKey": "adai-further-reading", "documentTitle": "Adai — further research and earlier reference links", "contextNote": "Research leads retained from the earlier profile or found during renewed research. These are not contributed DOCX references, and are outside the substantive inspected-source count unless a matching inspected source card says otherwise.", "linkNote": "Earlier reference URL retained. Use the more specific inspected source and its scope where linked; no new content check is inferred for this earlier link.", "matchedSourceId": "ad-community-1" }, { "title": "Adaes Indians", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/adaes-indians", "documentKey": "adai-further-reading", "documentTitle": "Adai — further research and earlier reference links", "contextNote": "Research leads retained from the earlier profile or found during renewed research. These are not contributed DOCX references, and are outside the substantive inspected-source count unless a matching inspected source card says otherwise.", "linkNote": "Earlier reference URL retained. Use the more specific inspected source and its scope where linked; no new content check is inferred for this earlier link." }, { "title": "Los Adaes State Historic Site", "url": "https://www.lastateparks.com/historic-sites/los-adaes-state-historic-site", "documentKey": "adai-further-reading", "documentTitle": "Adai — further research and earlier reference links", "contextNote": "Research leads retained from the earlier profile or found during renewed research. These are not contributed DOCX references, and are outside the substantive inspected-source count unless a matching inspected source card says otherwise.", "linkNote": "Earlier reference URL retained. Use the more specific inspected source and its scope where linked; no new content check is inferred for this earlier link." }, { "title": "Documentary Evidence for the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Location of the Adaes Indians", "url": "https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2013/iss1/14/", "documentKey": "adai-further-reading", "documentTitle": "Adai — further research and earlier reference links", "contextNote": "Research leads retained from the earlier profile or found during renewed research. These are not contributed DOCX references, and are outside the substantive inspected-source count unless a matching inspected source card says otherwise.", "linkNote": "Repository abstract inspected; the full article has not yet been obtained. The abstract challenges the assumption that villages clustered immediately around the mission. Do not count the abstract as a completed full-article inspection or draw a boundary from it. Publisher download blocked for automated requests; the linked Caddo Archeology Journal 23 issue failed normal TLS verification in Python and PowerShell. No certificate validation or access controls were bypassed." }, { "title": "Los Adaes, the First Capital of Spanish Texas", "url": "https://www.tamupress.com/book/9781623498788/los-adaes-the-first-capital-of-spanish-texas/", "documentKey": "adai-further-reading", "documentTitle": "Adai — further research and earlier reference links", "contextNote": "Research leads retained from the earlier profile or found during renewed research. These are not contributed DOCX references, and are outside the substantive inspected-source count unless a matching inspected source card says otherwise.", "linkNote": "Publisher description and Google Books catalog only inspected. No substantive preview pages retrieved; not a content-reviewed source or an additional counted work." }, { "title": "The Chirino Boys: Spanish Soldier-Pioneers from Los Adaes on the Louisiana-Texas Borderlands, 1735–1792", "url": "https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj/vol46/iss2/9/", "documentKey": "adai-further-reading", "documentTitle": "Adai — further research and earlier reference links", "contextNote": "Research leads retained from the earlier profile or found during renewed research. These are not contributed DOCX references, and are outside the substantive inspected-source count unless a matching inspected source card says otherwise.", "linkNote": "Record and Paperity opening excerpt through early printed p.43 inspected; full download returned403 at SFA and CORE. Excerpt concerns colonial soldier-settlers and does not establish Adai family ancestry. Not counted." }, { "title": "Adaesaño: A Nahuatl Lexicon from Natchitoches and Sabine Parishes, Louisiana", "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/adaes/images/Gregory-1996.pdf", "documentKey": "adai-further-reading", "documentTitle": "Adai — further research and earlier reference links", "contextNote": "Research leads retained from the earlier profile or found during renewed research. These are not contributed DOCX references, and are outside the substantive inspected-source count unless a matching inspected source card says otherwise.", "linkNote": "Full 8-page scan downloaded; printed pp.89–90 visually read. Records Nahuatl-derived words within regional Spanish from 45 interviewees across Ebarb, Grady Hill, Sulphur Springs, Zwolle and Spanish Lake. Does not identify these as Adaizan words or all interviewees as Adai. Not a source for Adai language reconstruction, not counted toward the present direct Adai collection." }, { "title": "Indian Linguistic Families of America, North of Mexico: Adaizan family", "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/files/17286/17286-h/17286-h.htm#page45", "documentKey": "adai-further-reading", "documentTitle": "Adai — further research and earlier reference links", "contextNote": "Research leads retained from the earlier profile or found during renewed research. These are not contributed DOCX references, and are outside the substantive inspected-source count unless a matching inspected source card says otherwise.", "linkNote": "Read the complete Adaizan discussion on printed pp. 45–47, including its bibliographic synonyms and qualification of Gatschet's proposed Caddoan relationship. Powell explicitly says sufficient evidence to establish that relationship was unavailable. His claims about disappearance, character, population, and early identification are period interpretations requiring independent checks. This optional work explains the history of classification; it is not present-day linguistic consensus or an independent modern community history.", "supportingReview": { "reviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "scope": "Read the complete Adaizan discussion on printed pp. 45–47, including its bibliographic synonyms and qualification of Gatschet's proposed Caddoan relationship. Powell explicitly says sufficient evidence to establish that relationship was unavailable. His claims about disappearance, character, population, and early identification are period interpretations requiring independent checks. This optional work explains the history of classification; it is not present-day linguistic consensus or an independent modern community history." } }, { "title": "A Migration Legend of the Creek Indians, Volume I: Adai and Caddo discussions", "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/files/49031/49031-h/49031-h.htm", "documentKey": "adai-further-reading", "documentTitle": "Adai — further research and earlier reference links", "contextNote": "Research leads retained from the earlier profile or found during renewed research. These are not contributed DOCX references, and are outside the substantive inspected-source count unless a matching inspected source card says otherwise.", "linkNote": "Read the dedicated Adai section on printed pp. 41–42 and the following Caddo list on pp. 43–44, attributed to an unnamed Caddo speaker in 1882. Gatschet questions the older vocabulary's orthography while describing social affiliation. His manuscript attribution and broad linguistic suggestions require archival checking. This is optional evidence about an ethnographer's reasoning, not a second modern classification authority. Other peoples' migration narratives and ceremonial material are outside the inspected scope and proposed prose.", "supportingReview": { "reviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "scope": "Read the dedicated Adai section on printed pp. 41–42 and the following Caddo list on pp. 43–44, attributed to an unnamed Caddo speaker in 1882. Gatschet questions the older vocabulary's orthography while describing social affiliation. His manuscript attribution and broad linguistic suggestions require archival checking. This is optional evidence about an ethnographer's reasoning, not a second modern classification authority. Other peoples' migration narratives and ceremonial material are outside the inspected scope and proposed prose." } } ], "added": false, "slug": "adai", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-LA", "name": "Louisiana", "key": "us-la" } ] }, { "name": "Adams Lake Indian Band", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / band government", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Adams Lake Indian Band has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community government in the BC Assembly of First Nations community directory. Directory inclusion and administrative region do not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or a relationship to every broader people label.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body: exact selected name and its region label at lines 52-54; page heading at line 11 supplies British Columbia context. Only selected name/administrative-region content used. No linked histories, affiliation claims, images, interactive map operation or government-power analysis reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "adams-lake-indian-band", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Agdaagux Tribe of King Cove", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Agdaagux Tribe of King Cove has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 791; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "agdaagux-tribe-of-king-cove", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians of the Agua Caliente Indian Reservation, California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians of the Agua Caliente Indian Reservation, California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "agua-caliente-band-of-cahuilla-indians-of-the-agua-caliente-indian-reservation-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 7, "name": "Ahtna", "region": "Alaska / Copper River Basin and neighboring Interior Alaska drainages", "kind": "People / language / regional communities", "overview": "Explore Ahtna homelands and community life through named voices, village planning, language teaching, historical studies and stewardship research. Distinguish village tribal governments, Native corporations and regional organizations while following each source’s perspective and date.", "sections": [ { "title": "Copper River homelands and living relationships", "text": "Ahtna people’s histories center on the Copper River region and connections extending into neighboring Interior Alaska drainages. The Alaska Native Language Center identifies Ahtna as an Athabascan language of the Copper River and upper Susitna and Nenana areas. Ahtna, Incorporated’s cultural overview places family fishing, hunting, gathering and other food work within seasonal relationships that continue amid changing lives. A cultural homeland, a language’s described distribution and the property owned by particular corporations are different kinds of geography. Neither a park boundary nor a corporate shareholder total describes the whole people.", "sourceIds": [ "ah-support-5", "ah-support-3" ] }, { "title": "Connected institutions with distinct roles", "text": "AITRC identifies eight member tribes and the landholding corporations Ahtna, Incorporated and Chitina Native Corporation. It describes coordinating resource work rather than replacing village governments. Ahtna’s short village history also explains that seven village corporations merged with the regional corporation in 1980 while Chitina’s remained separate. That corporate reorganization should not be confused with a merger of tribal governments. Gakona’s own page separately describes its government and community services.", "sourceIds": [ "ah-support-1", "ah-support-2", "ah-support-4" ] }, { "title": "Land, kinship and changing settlement", "text": "The community-coauthored 2019 study The Ahtna Homeland describes nineteenth-century land relationships through regional bands, matrilineal clans and particular leaders. Winter villages were connected with fishing camps, hunting areas and trails. Rights to use places were recognized, while kinship also carried obligations to share resources, particularly during shortages. This was an organized inhabited landscape before colonial authorities classified land through public and private property. The study follows pressures toward permanent road-connected settlements, including schooling requirements, restricted livelihoods and opportunities for paid work. Its account of movement toward Cantwell shows a gradual process with continued seasonal travel. These historical relationships should be distinguished from today’s tribal governments and Native corporations; none of those categories automatically substitutes for the others.", "sourceIds": [ "ah-history-2" ] }, { "title": "Colonial pressures and forced displacement", "text": "Simeone and Miller’s 2024 assessment combines historical records with elders’ accounts of colonial change. It distinguishes earlier Russian encounters from the expanding American presence after the 1898 gold rush, including mining, roads, schooling and pressures on livelihoods. Its wartime history describes forced removal from Dry Creek in 1942–43: homes were burned or dismantled to make way for an airfield. At Gulkana in 1943, bridge and road construction divided the village and forced resettlement across the river. These were local displacements within a homeland where Ahtna connections continued. The assessment also documents subsequent political organizing. Reading remembered experiences alongside government records matters, especially where official files omit removals. The authors’ synthesis preserves named narrators and differing perspectives; it does not speak for every family.", "sourceIds": [ "ah-history-1" ] }, { "title": "Maps and the visibility of Ahtna presence", "text": "In his 2022 chapter, Simeone treats maps as historical arguments shaped by their makers’ purposes. He contrasts the sparse Indigenous information on Colton’s 1868 map with later surveys and development maps. A 1918 map used in advocacy over the Copper River fishery instead emphasized Ahtna villages and estimated populations. His discussion also considers a map produced by Ahtna, Incorporated that places corporate landholdings within a larger traditional homeland. Together these examples show why an apparently blank map cannot establish an uninhabited country, and why settlement dots do not capture a whole land relationship. Historical homeland representations, corporate parcels and present legal boundaries answer different questions. The chapter’s interpretations are useful reading guides, rather than authority to draw a precise territorial boundary.", "sourceIds": [ "ah-history-3" ] }, { "title": "Chitina’s own public history", "text": "Chitina Native Corporation dates its incorporation to 1973 and describes shareholders as primarily residents or descendants of the Native Village of Chitina, which it identifies as a separate tribe. Its public history recalls named leaders including Nicolai, Hanagita and Goodlataw, and Doc Billum’s river transport and knowledge of copper deposits. These attributed biographies place particular people and family relationships within exploration, transport and mining histories; their approximate dates should remain qualified.", "sourceIds": [ "ah-community-2" ] }, { "title": "Landholding and traditional-use geography", "text": "Ahtna, Incorporated’s land FAQ distinguishes the property it owns from a much larger traditional-use landscape. It also identifies Chitina Native Corporation as a separate landholder. The FAQ describes different arrangements for recreation, research, filming and reserved public routes. These distinctions matter when reading a map: cultural relationships, corporate ownership and particular access rights describe different things. The corporation’s general account does not determine every parcel or route’s legal status.", "sourceIds": [ "ah-community-1" ] }, { "title": "Stewardship and corporate responsibilities", "text": "Chitina’s distinct land statement connects cultural history and food resources with responsibilities to future generations. It gives shareholders and descendants priority in cultural, subsistence and recreational use while describing conditions for public access. This is the corporation’s account of managing its property. It should be read alongside current permissions and the status of particular land, rather than treating a broad Ahtna regional label as either public access or one uniform ownership.", "sourceIds": [ "ah-community-3" ] }, { "title": "Learning through relationships and observation", "text": "In her 2007 interview, Kathryn Martin describes time spent traveling with her grandmother Katie John as a central part of her education. Watching relatives and listening over time connected knowledge with responsibilities to land and people. Martin also discusses the choices facing younger generations and her hopes for schooling that makes room for Ahtna language and culture alongside other educational opportunities. Her account resists reducing education to a textbook or a short list of cultural facts. She explicitly considers the consequences of sharing knowledge outside the community. This is one person’s public reflection at a particular moment, and its examples should retain her attribution and date.", "sourceIds": [ "ah-language-3" ] }, { "title": "A dictionary built through collaboration", "text": "Kari’s 1990 dictionary makes its Ahtna contributors visible, including Katie and Fred John Sr., Chief Jim McKinley, Mildred Buck, Ruth Johns, and speakers from several regions. Its historical introduction credits Buck, Jeff Leer, Michael Krauss, and Kari with establishing the writing system in 1973, and describes Buck’s work training other Ahtna writers. The dictionary combines roots, affixes, and examples with an English index. Its regional labels help readers recognize variation; they should be read within that work’s framework. Kari also acknowledges missing words and possible errors. The book is therefore a substantial learning and research tool whose own introduction invites correction and continuing community knowledge.", "sourceIds": [ "ah-language-4" ] }, { "title": "A teaching resource with a named voice and place", "text": "The Mentasta lessons feature Katie John’s recorded Upper Ahtna speech, with transcription by John T. Ritter and James Kari and editing by Cynthea L. Ainsworth. Their monthly sequence connects conversation with seasonal activities, then develops vocabulary and grammatical patterns through questions and answers. The inspected units cover weather, food, family, everyday activities, and learning to understand the language. The introduction also credits intergenerational teaching work in Mentasta. Readers should approach this as a resource grounded in a particular speaker and variety, rather than assume that every pronunciation or expression represents every Ahtna community. The 2018 web version preserves a teaching work published in 2009.", "sourceIds": [ "ah-language-1" ] }, { "title": "Archives as places for community learning", "text": "Berez’s 2013 study shows how the Ahtna Heritage Foundation’s C’ek’aedi Hwnax connected preservation with active learning. Its account of an August 2013 workshop brings learners, elders, and linguists together to work with archived recordings, transcription, grammar, and dictionary use. The study also documents local control over access: staff consulted families about legacy recordings whose original permissions could be unclear. These are historical descriptions of the archive’s decisions, rather than confirmation of today’s procedures. The wider lesson is practical: a recording’s survival and a researcher’s ability to describe it do not by themselves settle who may hear it, copy it, or publish it.", "sourceIds": [ "ah-language-2" ] }, { "title": "A Gulkana planning conversation", "text": "Gulkana’s January 2024 public review draft master plan connects cultural life with housing, training, community facilities and environmental resilience. A small 2023 survey, open to Tribal and non-Tribal respondents, records local concerns and aspirations; it is not a census of Ahtna opinion. Proposed actions include protecting cultural places, improving housing and providing additional subsistence-skills learning. The draft shows a particular community considering its future, without establishing final adoption or completed construction.", "sourceIds": [ "ah-community-4" ] }, { "title": "Tazlina’s practical environmental work", "text": "A Fall 2018 Kanas article describes Tazlina’s effort to address contamination around the former Copper Valley School, including work on land the Village did not then own. It connects environmental programs with community access, recycling and energy needs, reporting a heating project completed that September. A pedestrian route remained in planning. The account shows village initiative across institutional and property constraints at that date; it is not a current ownership record or contamination clearance.", "sourceIds": [ "ah-community-5" ] }, { "title": "Cooperative wildlife management", "text": "A 2016 agreement between the Interior Department and AITRC identifies a shared purpose: sustaining wildlife and opportunities to continue customary subsistence practices. It provides a framework for rulemaking, cooperative research and an advisory process, with Ahtna knowledge contributing to management decisions. The document also retains federal responsibilities, makes proposed actions conditional on applicable procedures, and states that it creates no enforceable obligations or rights. Reading those provisions together shows a negotiated process whose implementation must be traced through later decisions, rather than assuming that signing the agreement transferred land or complete wildlife authority.", "sourceIds": [ "ah-root-moa" ] }, { "title": "What a community harvest program records", "text": "Kosbruk and Simon’s January 2026 report follows the Community Harvest System through administration, registration, hunting effort and participants’ feedback. It describes pooled harvest opportunities under a federal framework and explains the inclusion of federally qualified rural residents of the named communities. For 2023–2025, its moose-program summaries report no successful harvests, alongside continuing outreach and coordination. This is a bounded account of one program, not a measure of all Ahtna hunting or food sharing. The authors connect access, competition and environmental conditions with participants’ difficulties and advocate regulatory changes; that advocacy does not establish what later regulators decided.", "sourceIds": [ "ah-root-chs" ] }, { "title": "Community questions and salmon research", "text": "AITRC’s salmon-health account connects fishers’ observations with a research program involving tissue samples, measurements and laboratory work. Sampling across locations and portions of the run helps examine variation that a single collection could miss. Working with people already harvesting salmon links monitoring to community food priorities and practical knowledge of the river. The project is described as preliminary surveillance with partner laboratories and federal support. Its sampled observations provide a starting point for continued investigation; they cannot establish every fish’s condition or explain salmon trends across other watersheds.", "sourceIds": [ "ah-root-salmon" ] }, { "title": "Winter travel, knowledge and changing conditions", "text": "Miller’s collaborative study brings regional residents’ experiences into an account of changing winter access. Interviewees describe later or less reliable river ice, variable snow and effects on trapping, firewood gathering and travel. Their observations differ, and the nine interviews were selected for experience rather than as a population survey. Ahtna elders’ accounts appear alongside Upper Tanana and other residents’ testimony. The article also examines wage employment, settlement and changing transport technology. Those connections show why environmental change belongs within a wider history of work and access, while historical descriptions cannot establish safe crossing places today.", "sourceIds": [ "ah-root-winter" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "ah-community-1", "title": "Lands FAQ", "publisher": "Ahtna, Incorporated", "url": "https://www.ahtna.com/lands/lands-faq/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Corporate land", "Homelands", "Access", "Institutions" ], "annotation": "Read the complete substantive FAQ. Separates corporate holdings, traditional-use lands, Chitina Native Corporation property, access permits and reserved easements; also addresses research and commercial filming. This is the landholder’s published account, not a title search or complete legal determination of a particular route. Undated acreage and pending selections are not independently verified as current. Link-specific permits and maps were not audited.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20" }, { "id": "ah-community-2", "title": "History — Chitina", "publisher": "Chitina Native Corporation", "url": "https://www.chitinanative.com/history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community history", "Leadership", "Native corporations", "Contemporary institutions" ], "annotation": "Read the entire page: corporate history, relationship to Native Village of Chitina and six named historical biographies. Distinguishes shareholders from the separate local tribe. Leadership, family and place-name accounts are attributed corporate public history; approximate dates retain their uncertainty. The 2004 population estimate is historical, not current, and no ceremonial explanation is reproduced.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20" }, { "id": "ah-community-3", "title": "Land — Chitina", "publisher": "Chitina Native Corporation", "url": "https://www.chitinanative.com/land", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Land relationships", "Stewardship", "Shareholders", "Access" ], "annotation": "Read the complete land and permitting statement. Explains surface-estate ownership, stewardship for future generations, shareholder/descendant priorities, public access and permission. Distinct from the historical biographies. Treat ownership acreage as the corporation’s undated self-report and access language as its stated policy; neither establishes boundaries, title to every parcel or all legal exceptions. No permit purchased or request submitted.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20" }, { "id": "ah-community-4", "title": "Gulkana Community Master Plan — Public Review Draft, January 25, 2024", "publisher": "Gulkana Village Council; prepared by Agnew::Beck Consulting", "url": "https://gulkanacouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/01-25-24_Gulkana_Master_Plan_PublicReviewDraft.v2.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Village voices", "Planning", "Housing", "Culture", "Environment" ], "annotation": "Read cover and printed pp.3–6,9–12,21–22,25–28; visually checked pp.5–6 and28. Council-led planning includes residents’ survey responses and proposed housing, cultural, safety and environmental work. The 23-response survey also invited non-Tribal members. This is explicitly a public review draft, not verified adopted policy or evidence that proposed projects were completed. Maps and exact cultural-site locations are not reproduced.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "publicationDate": "2024-01-25", "author": "Agnew::Beck Consulting, for Gulkana Village Council" }, { "id": "ah-community-5", "title": "Village Highlight — Tazlina, Kanas, Fall 2018, p.8", "publisher": "Ahtna, Incorporated", "url": "https://www.ahtna.com/wp-content/uploads/Kanas-FALL-2018_FINAL-WEB-NF-1.pdf#page=8", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Village programs", "Environment", "Land relationships", "Energy" ], "annotation": "Read the complete printed/PDF page8 article and visually checked the original layout. Reports Tazlina’s contamination-response work, recycling and a completed heating project, while describing a walkway as still planned. This dated Indigenous corporate publication discusses the Village’s programs; no individual author is identified. Do not turn its 2018 ownership context, project status or cleanup account into a present legal or environmental finding.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "publicationDate": "2018, Fall" }, { "id": "ah-language-1", "title": "Mentasta Ahtna Language Lessons, second edition (2009; web edition 2018)", "publisher": "Mt. Sanford Tribal Consortium, Native Language Program; web edition hosted by Frostline Productions", "author": "Katie John, featured speaker; linguistic transcription by John T. Ritter and James Kari; series editor Cynthea L. Ainsworth", "url": "https://frostline-dev.com/mentasta-language-lessons/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Education", "Mentasta", "Teaching resources" ], "annotation": "A substantial teaching work, not a programme directory. Inspected the credits, foreword, preface, introduction, and September–February text units, including conversational drills and grammar charts. The second print edition is dated 2009; the web introduction is April 2018 and web version June 2018. This documents Katie John’s Mentasta variety and named teaching collaborators. Embedded audio was not independently listened to or playback-audited.", "publicationDate": "2009", "editionDate": "2018-06", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20" }, { "id": "ah-language-2", "title": "The Digital Archiving of Endangered Language Oral Traditions: Kaipuleohone at the University of Hawai‘i and C’ek’aedi Hwnax in Alaska", "publisher": "Oral Tradition 28(2), pp. 261–270", "author": "Andrea L. Berez", "url": "https://journal.oraltradition.org/wp-content/uploads/files/articles/28ii/11_28.2.pdf", "doi": "10.1353/ort.2013.0010", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Language", "Community archives", "Education", "Cultural authority" ], "annotation": "Read the complete short article, especially printed pp. 261–267 on the Ahtna Heritage Foundation archive, family consultation, access decisions, and the August 2013 learning workshop. The author participated in archive work and credits Foundation collaborators. It describes practice at that time; it does not verify current access arrangements. Public discussion of an archive does not establish permission to redistribute its recordings. A later automated availability request timed out; this does not establish a reader paywall.", "publicationDate": "2013", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20" }, { "id": "ah-language-3", "title": "Native Perspectives on Sustainability: Kathryn Martin (Ahtna)", "publisher": "Native Perspectives on Sustainability", "author": "Kathryn Martin, interviewee; David E. Hall, interviewer; Derek Valldejuli-Gardner, transcriber", "url": "https://www.nativeperspectives.net/Transcripts/Kathryn_Martin_interview.pdf", "type": "Reporting / interview", "topics": [ "Education", "Oral history", "Community perspectives", "Intergenerational learning" ], "annotation": "Public interview dated June 22, 2007. Inspected printed pp. 1–4 and 6–7: family mentorship, learning through observation, selective sharing, and educational hopes. This is Martin’s situated first-person account, not a statement binding all Ahtna families. Its project abbreviation “NPS” means Native Perspectives on Sustainability, not the National Park Service. Audio was not audited; ceremonial and taboo details are not reproduced. A separate automated request failed certificate verification; reader access may differ.", "publicationDate": "2007-06-22", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20" }, { "id": "ah-language-4", "title": "Ahtna Athabaskan Dictionary", "publisher": "Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks; printing partly supported by Ahtna, Inc.; public scan hosted by Alaska Beacon", "author": "James Kari, compiler and editor, with numerous named Ahtna contributors", "url": "https://alaskabeacon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/AhtnaDictionary-smaller.pdf", "catalogueUrl": "https://www.uaf.edu/anla/record.php?identifier=AT973K1990", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Language", "Dictionary", "Dialect variation", "Collaborative scholarship" ], "annotation": "1990 work, not a 2024 edition. Inspected title and copyright pages; preface vii–viii; acknowledgments ix–x; introduction pp. 9–11; and dialect discussion p. 20. The scan has 710 PDF pages; no claim is made to have read all entries. Kari credits many Ahtna contributors and explicitly describes the dictionary as incomplete. Historical speaker counts are not current estimates.", "publicationDate": "1990", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20" }, { "id": "ah-history-1", "title": "Ahtna and Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve: An Ethnographic Overview and Assessment", "author": "William E. Simeone and Odin T. W. Miller", "publisher": "National Park Service, in collaboration with Ahtna Intertribal Resource Commission", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/wrst/learn/historyculture/ahtna-and-wrangell-st-elias-national-park-and-preserve-an-ethnographic-overview-and-assessment.htm", "alternateUrl": "https://www.nps.gov/wrst/learn/historyculture/upload/Ahtna-and-Wrangell-St-Elias-National-Park-and-Preserve-An-Ethnographic-Overview-and-Assessment.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "History", "Colonial impacts", "Community histories", "Land" ], "publicationDate": "2024", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "annotation": "Collaborative ethnographic synthesis using historical records and elders’ accounts. Selected pages document colonial change and forced local displacement; the complete report is not claimed as read. Historical village life is not a template for current institutions.", "contentReviewScope": "Read acknowledgments and text/captions, printed p.1, pp.112–124 and 130–134 (PDF 13,124–136,142–146); visually verified printed p.131. Other chapters, sensitive site inventory and underlying archival interviews were not independently reviewed." }, { "id": "ah-history-2", "title": "The Ahtna Homeland", "author": "William E. Simeone, Wilson Justin, Michelle Anderson, and Kathryn Martin", "publisher": "Alaska Journal of Anthropology 17(1–2):102–119", "url": "https://www.alaskaanthropology.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/AJA-v17-Simeone-Homeland.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Homelands", "Land tenure", "Community histories", "Political organization" ], "publicationDate": "2019", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "annotation": "Community-coauthored specialist study of land relationships and historical dispossession. Distinguishes kin-based rights from imposed property categories. Legal and institutional descriptions remain dated; regional groups, clans, corporations and tribal governments are different categories.", "contentReviewScope": "Read printed pp.102–103 and 107–116 (PDF 1–2,6–15), including methodological notes; visually checked p.108. Historical rights and settlement accounts were reviewed, not original interviews or current legal status." }, { "id": "ah-history-3", "title": "Inventing the Copper River: Maps and the Colonization of Ahtna Lands", "author": "William E. Simeone", "publisher": "Athabasca University Press — chapter 7 in Memory and Landscape: Indigenous Responses to a Changing North, edited by Kenneth L. Pratt and Scott A. Heyes", "url": "https://read.aupress.ca/read/memory-and-landscape/section/e5009997-c3e5-4177-a3b8-a9d15a01191c", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "History", "Maps", "Homelands", "Colonial impacts" ], "publicationDate": "2022-10", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "annotation": "Open scholarly chapter comparing changing map purposes and representations. Useful for interpreting mapped absence and continued presence. Its broad continuity language must not erase documented local displacement; historical maps do not determine current ownership.", "contentReviewScope": "Read selected online analytical text, captions and notes: introduction; Colton 1868, Allen 1887, development maps, Miller 1918 and Ahtna corporate mapping (Figures 7.5–7.9,7.11–7.18). Print pagination and full original archival maps were not independently inspected." }, { "id": "ah-root-moa", "title": "Memorandum of Agreement for Cooperative Management of Customary and Traditional Subsistence Uses in the Ahtna Region", "publisher": "U.S. Department of the Interior / Ahtna Inter-Tribal Resource Commission", "url": "https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/uploads/ahtna_doi_moa_with_signature_pages_final.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Government", "Subsistence", "Stewardship" ], "annotation": "Read the operative text on PDF pp.1–8 of the twenty-page document. The 2016 agreement sets out partnership goals, proposed rulemaking, knowledge-sharing and a proposed advisory process. Its general provisions retain federal responsibilities and say it creates no enforceable obligations or rights. Appended signature pages and map are not separate sources. Later implementation needs its own evidence.", "publicationDate": "2016", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20" }, { "id": "ah-root-chs", "title": "Community Harvest System Report, 2023–2025", "publisher": "Ahtna Intertribal Resource Commission", "author": "Deanna Kosbruk and Jim Simon", "url": "https://www.ahtnatribal.org/_files/ugd/01ac7c_6621cdd53e7749deb8d335e7ddfe3670.pdf", "alternateUrl": "https://www.ahtnatribal.org/harvest", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Subsistence", "Government", "Contemporary life", "Stewardship" ], "annotation": "Read all eight pages; visually checked the participation summary and chart on pp.5–6. January 2026 account of administration, eligibility, hunting effort and recommendations. Some chart percentages and reported averages conflict with the narrative counts; those rates are not repeated. Outcomes concern this federal program during 2023–2025, not every Ahtna hunt. Proposed regulatory changes are recommendations, not demonstrated later decisions.", "publicationDate": "2026-01", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20" }, { "id": "ah-root-salmon", "title": "Copper River Salmon Health Surveillance", "publisher": "Ahtna Intertribal Resource Commission", "url": "https://www.ahtnatribal.org/salmon-health", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Fisheries", "Food security", "Community research", "Stewardship" ], "annotation": "Read the substantive project text, sampling design, community participation and laboratory-method sections. This undated page describes work illustrated by 2023–2025 activity. It supplies a substantial account of community-led monitoring and partnerships. Preliminary sampled-fish observations do not establish watershed-wide prevalence, a causal explanation for salmon declines, or food-safety advice. Images and linked pages are not extra counted works.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20" }, { "id": "ah-root-winter", "title": "Traditional Knowledge of Changes in Winter Conditions in Alaska’s Copper River Basin", "publisher": "Alaska Park Science 22(1):90–101 / National Park Service, with Ahtna Intertribal Resource Commission", "author": "Odin Miller", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/aps-22-1-8.htm", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Climate", "Community voices", "Subsistence", "History" ], "annotation": "Read the complete 2023 article, methods, participant table, interviews, conclusions and acknowledgments. Abridges a technical report, which is not separately counted. Nine purposively selected interviews include Ahtna, Upper Tanana and other regional residents. Their accounts connect environmental and socioeconomic changes, with differing experiences. Historical travel descriptions and crossing maps are not current safety guidance or public-access routes.", "publicationDate": "2023", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20" }, { "id": "ah-support-1", "title": "About the Ahtna Intertribal Resource Commission", "publisher": "Ahtna Intertribal Resource Commission", "url": "https://www.ahtnatribal.org/about-us", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Institutions", "Tribal governments", "Stewardship" ], "annotation": "Read the complete substantive About text, membership, territory description and simplified timeline. Supports the 2011 coordinating role, eight member tribes and two corporate landholders. Short institutional overview retained outside this batch’s substantive inspected-source count. Its timeline’s broad statements about state authority and federal subsistence law are not adopted as legal analysis; territory graphics are not title boundaries.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "ah-support-2", "title": "Ahtna Villages", "publisher": "Ahtna, Incorporated", "url": "https://www.ahtna.com/about/region%20map/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Tribal governments", "Native corporations", "Institutions" ], "annotation": "Read the complete short prose statement naming eight regional villages and describing the 1980 merger of seven village corporations, with Chitina remaining separate. The statement concerns corporations, not dissolution or merger of village tribal governments. Short supporting institutional reference only; the interactive map was not audited for boundaries or access rights.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "ah-support-3", "title": "Ahtna History & Culture", "publisher": "Ahtna, Incorporated", "url": "https://www.ahtna.com/about/history-and-culture/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community history", "Seasonal life", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Read the complete substantive prose and captions surrounding resource links. Describes the Copper River name, seasonal family food work and continuing practices; shareholder totals are not a people’s census. Short overview/resource gateway kept outside the substantive inspected-source count. Linked videos, books, lesson pages and Smithsonian items are not represented as read or watched. Undated language/dialect claims require specialist context.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "ah-support-4", "title": "About Us — Native Village of Gakona", "publisher": "Native Village of Gakona", "url": "https://nvgakona.com/about-us/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Tribal government", "Services", "Contemporary institutions" ], "annotation": "Read the complete short page describing sovereign government, services, council and justices. Useful village-published corroboration that a tribal institution supplies social, environmental and justice services, distinct from corporate landholding. Short service/staff directory kept outside the substantive count; no current staffing or service availability inferred beyond the posted account.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "ah-support-5", "title": "Ahtna — language overview", "publisher": "Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks", "url": "https://www.uaf.edu/anlc/languages-move/ahtna.php", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Language", "Homelands" ], "annotation": "Read the complete short overview, geography, publication-history statement and credited examples. Supporting orientation outside the substantive inspected-source count. Its undated speaker and population estimates are not adopted as current counts; linked publications are not represented as separately read. A separate automated request failed certificate verification; the page was read through the web research tool.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 99 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "relationshipNote": "Ahtna is a Northern Dene people and language name. Ahtna, Incorporated and Chitina Native Corporation are Native landholding corporations; village tribal governments and AITRC have different roles. The eight regional member tribes form an institutional partnership, not a statement that every resident has one language or identical affiliation. The Dene entry supplies wider context and is not a single government encompassing these institutions.", "researchGaps": [ "Add more village-authored histories and contemporary perspectives from Cantwell, Mentasta, Cheesh’na, Kluti-Kaah and other communities; this introduction has not received community review.", "Confirm current community-approved language teaching and archive access through authoritative institutions. The lessons, dictionary, interview and archive study retain their own dates; neither current speaker counts nor teaching outcomes are established here.", "The publicly linked former Foundation domain identifies itself as an unofficial reconstruction. Its descriptions are not used to verify present programs, contacts, archive holdings or permissions.", "Independently listen to and check the Mentasta lesson audio before describing playback or pronunciation beyond the inspected written material.", "Follow Gulkana’s January 2024 public review draft through any adoption record and later implementation. Its small mixed-participant survey and internally inconsistent priority counts do not support population-wide percentages or rankings.", "Extend the dated Tazlina environmental account with later village evidence; the 2018 article does not establish current ownership, complete remediation or completion of planned work.", "Resolve the Community Harvest System report’s inconsistent chart rates and averages against underlying records. Follow recommendations through subsequent regulatory decisions before asserting present conditions or hunting rules.", "Compare additional appropriately public family and archival accounts of local displacement and political organizing. Shared earlier research does not make every cited publication an independent confirmation.", "Establish suitable rights and community context before reproducing maps or extracting geometry. Historical homeland representations, corporate parcels, park boundaries and private-use locations must remain distinct." ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "preferredName": "Ahtna Athabascan", "searchTerms": [ "Atnahwt’aene", "Atna", "Copper River", "Mentasta Ahtna", "Atnakenaege’" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "evidenceNotes": [ "Sixteen substantive works and five supporting references were inspected on October 20, 2026. Supporting cards are explicitly excluded from the substantive count. Relevant pages and written sections were read where annotations specify a limited scope; complete books and interview audio are not implied. Print/web teaching versions count once, dictionary scan/catalogue count once, report chapters count once, and shared underlying evidence is identified. The twelve-source quantity target is reached; initial adequacy is assessed separately, and further evidence, coverage and community review remain open." ], "researchLeads": [ { "documentKey": "ahtna-further-reading", "documentTitle": "Ahtna — further language and archive research", "contextNote": "Leads located during renewed research, distinct from owner-contributed DOCX references. Unread works do not count toward the substantive inspected-source target.", "title": "C’ek’aedi Hwnax, the Ahtna Regional Linguistic and Ethnographic Archive (2012)", "url": "https://hdl.handle.net/10125/4538", "linkNote": "Berez, Finnesand and Linnell, Language Documentation & Conservation 6:237–252. A repository challenge prevented full-text inspection in this batch; no access controls were bypassed. Mention in the inspected 2013 article does not establish inspection of this distinct work." } ], "added": false, "slug": "ahtna", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Aitchelitz First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community government", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Aitchelitz First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community government in the BC Assembly of First Nations community directory. Directory inclusion and administrative region do not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or a relationship to every broader people label.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body: exact selected name and its region label at lines 60-62; page heading at line 11 supplies British Columbia context. Only selected name/administrative-region content used. No linked histories, affiliation claims, images, interactive map operation or government-power analysis reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "aitchelitz-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 8, "name": "Akateko", "region": "Guatemala / Huehuetenango; Mexico / Chiapas, Campeche and Quintana Roo; diaspora", "kind": "Maya people / language / communities", "overview": "Follow Akateko histories through community language scholarship, place names, teaching resources, refuge and settlement studies, local planning and a named diaspora voice. This introduction keeps different communities, dates and kinds of evidence in view, with annotations that show what was actually read and what remains to investigate.", "sections": [ { "title": "A people, a language and several local settings", "text": "Akateko is a Maya people and language name. INPI records Kuti’ as a self-designation. A Guatemalan school history places communities around San Miguel Acatán, San Rafael La Independencia and Jo’om. These descriptions neither draw fixed boundaries nor establish a single government.", "sourceIds": [ "ak-inpi", "ak-history" ] }, { "title": "Language names and relationships", "text": "Akateko and Awakateko are different Maya languages: the Akateko grammar groups Akateko with Q’anjob’al, Chuj and Popti’, while the Awakateko community’s atlas places Awakateko in the Mamean group and identifies its original core in Aguacatán.", "sourceIds": [ "ak-language-1", "ak-language-support-1" ] }, { "title": "Place names as community knowledge", "text": "The 2019 toponymy study treats names as part of Akateko cultural heritage and language continuity. It revises earlier work through local knowledge, combining place descriptions, historical accounts and analysis of meaningful word parts. The conclusion credits older community members as important sources. Reading such entries shows how language and local history meet, while particular explanations remain attributed to the study. Published names and dated settlement descriptions should not be mistaken for current demographic records or an authorization to enter private or culturally sensitive places.", "sourceIds": [ "ak-language-4" ] }, { "title": "Reading a history alongside community memory", "text": "The Landívar school volume combines regional history with narrated community memories. It connects San Miguel Acatán and San Rafael La Independencia and describes their separation into municipalities in 1924. Its historical account follows changing labor demands and later wartime displacement. Read it as a dated teaching synthesis: memories and regional summaries invite comparison with original records. The PDF carries a 1997 copyright even though another catalogue lists 2016. Neither date makes its population figures current.", "sourceIds": [ "ak-history" ] }, { "title": "Building a community after refuge", "text": "A study coauthored by José Luis Francisco Mateo, identified by the publisher as of Akateko and K’anjob’al origin and a child of refugees, follows families who chose to remain in Chiapas. It recounts repeated moves, work and collective efforts to obtain land before establishing San Marcos in La Trinitaria. Education promoters and continuing visits to relatives across the border also appear in the account. This is a particular mixed community’s history, rather than evidence that every Akateko family followed the same route or made the same choice.", "sourceIds": [ "ak-migration-1" ] }, { "title": "Local institutions in Chiapas", "text": "INPI’s ethnography distinguishes municipal agency roles from ejido land administration in La Gloria. It also describes religious diversity and public San Miguel celebrations connecting settlements with Guatemala. These are accounts of particular Mexican communities, not a universal institutional or religious pattern. The source’s discussion of clothing links changing use to security, cost and migration; dress should be understood through those histories rather than as an unchanging test of identity.", "sourceIds": [ "ak-inpi" ] }, { "title": "Young people, education and belonging", "text": "Ruiz Lagier’s 2011 study compares young people in La Gloria, San Francisco and Nueva Libertad. Her interviews connect schooling, work, migration and family expectations with changing ideas about adulthood and gender. Young returnees can seek different choices while still asserting a Migueleño connection with San Miguel Acatán. The author compares public expectations with everyday practices, rather than treating them as identical. These dated accounts show negotiation within and across communities; they are neither a current survey nor instructions for how all Akateko people should live.", "sourceIds": [ "ak-migration-2" ] }, { "title": "Shared writing conventions", "text": "The Akateko community’s 2024 normative grammar presents writing conventions for teachers, public servants and other readers. Its letter distinguishes standardizing written forms from changing people’s speech and recognizes that rules may be revised. Later examples compare regional pronunciations before specifying written forms. The work offers a substantial guide to community language planning, while proposed conventions remain distinct from a claim that everyone speaks identically or uses the book.", "sourceIds": [ "ak-language-1" ] }, { "title": "Documenting variation through community research", "text": "The 2013 descriptive revision draws on fieldwork and review workshops in San Miguel Acatán and San Rafael La Independencia. It describes differences between their speech while leaving open precisely how to classify that variation. Its discussions of classifiers and regional vocabulary demonstrate that learning the language involves grammatical relationships and situated usage. The introduction explicitly presents a description of speech at a particular moment. It should not be converted into a timeless catalogue of how every Akateko person speaks.", "sourceIds": [ "ak-language-2" ] }, { "title": "Teaching listening, speaking, reading and writing", "text": "Kukuy Ti’e Akateko offers teachers a sequence linking listening and speaking with literacy. Its introduction places Akateko culture at the center of learning and connects teachers, students and families. Actual lessons pair written forms with Spanish glosses, pronunciation practice and classroom prompts; later exercises provide space for learners’ written responses. The work documents a developed educational approach. Its aims and preparation credit do not by themselves establish where it is taught today or how learners have experienced it.", "sourceIds": [ "ak-language-3" ] }, { "title": "Literature as a teaching resource", "text": "The Akateka language community’s 2020 literary publication sets out separate approaches for first-language revitalization and second-language learners. Its guides connect oral storytelling, proficient speakers, reading and writing. The introduction describes adapted and translated narratives rather than claiming an exclusively Akateko origin for every story. This is evidence of community educational work and stated teaching methods; publication alone does not demonstrate how many classrooms used the material or what learners achieved.", "sourceIds": [ "ak-literature" ] }, { "title": "A dated municipal view of priorities", "text": "San Miguel Acatán’s 2019–2032 development plan offers a local-government perspective. Its diagnosis discusses school access, water and health services, alongside agriculture and markets. It identifies infrastructure and economic opportunities while proposing future improvements. The 2032 vision is a planning goal, not an achieved condition. Municipal statistics mix years and some schooling estimates are attributed to local officials; they should not be treated as current community-wide rates. This document concerns one jurisdiction rather than every Akateko settlement.", "sourceIds": [ "ak-plan" ] }, { "title": "Photographs, memory and who represents the community", "text": "Returning to La Gloria in 2021, Ruiz-Lagier considered how earlier refugee photographs became part of remembering the community’s origins. Her 2024 article describes a local cultural promoter seeking photographs for community use and reflects on the different perspectives of residents, photographers and researchers. She also notes that religious participation had changed. This makes memory a continuing social process, rather than a single unchanging story. The article does not establish a completed museum or authorize copying its images; its account remains an attributed interpretation.", "sourceIds": [ "ak-migration-3" ] }, { "title": "One family’s route to Los Angeles", "text": "In Getty’s 2022 interview, Aurora Pedro, identified as Maya Akateko and Q’anjob’al, recounts her family fleeing Guatemala to Chiapas in 1982 and later moving to Los Angeles, where she was born. She connects experiences of racism across borders with the work of building community. Speaking about CIELO’s advocacy, she calls for schools, hospitals and other public institutions to provide meaningful language access. Her family’s account makes one diaspora history visible without turning a dual identity, an organization’s work or an individual route into a description of all Akateko migrants.", "sourceIds": [ "ak-migration-4" ] }, { "title": "Using a locality catalogue carefully", "text": "INALI lists Kuti’ under Akateko and supplies localities in Chiapas, Campeche and Quintana Roo, including La Gloria, Maya Tecún I and Maya Balam. The table helps a reader follow names into more detailed research. A short language catalogue cannot establish a complete population count, the extent of historical homelands, or political equivalence among the listed communities.", "sourceIds": [ "ak-inali" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "ak-language-1", "title": "Stxolilal Stz’ib’ele Ti’e Akateko / Gramática Normativa Akateka", "author": "Comunidad Lingüística Akateka", "publisher": "Comunidad Lingüística Akateka, Academia de las Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala", "url": "https://almg.org.gt/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Gramatica-Normativa-Idioma-Akateko.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "publicationDate": "2024", "topics": [ "Language", "Writing", "Community scholarship", "Education" ], "annotation": "Community-produced writing reference. Its letter distinguishes shared orthography from changing speech and allows revision. Read it as a normative project, rather than proof of uniform speech or universal adoption. No current speaker estimate is inferred.", "contentReviewScope": "Title/credits; printed pp.3–17,19–23,501–503,540–541 (PDF7–21,23–27,505–507,544–545). Selected passages, not all 550 PDF pages.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20" }, { "id": "ak-language-2", "title": "Gramática Descriptiva Akateka — revisión de la actualización", "author": "Juan Francisco Manuel and Hugo Benjamín Pérez Martínez, descriptive-grammar researchers; José Aurelio Silvestre Sánchez, revision reviewer", "publisher": "Comunidad Lingüística Akateka, Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala", "url": "https://almg.org.gt/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Gramatica-Descriptiva-Akateka-actualizada.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "publicationDate": "2013", "topics": [ "Language", "Regional variation", "Community research", "Grammar" ], "annotation": "A revised descriptive report, dated 2013, made publicly available by ALMG. Its introduction explains fieldwork and workshops and limits its conclusions about regional differences. Classifier and lexical sections supply substantive analysis. Describes speech at a particular time; it is not the 2024 normative grammar or a current sociolinguistic survey.", "contentReviewScope": "PDF1–3 credits; 13–14 introduction; 120–122 classifiers; 195–206 complement clauses and regional lexical analysis. PDF pagination, not unverified printed page numbers; 213-page file.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20" }, { "id": "ak-language-3", "title": "Kukuy Ti’e Akateko / Aprendamos el Idioma Akateko", "author": "Miguel Angel Barillas Felipe, credited preparer; Comunidad Lingüística Akateka", "publisher": "Comunidad Lingüística Akateka, Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala", "url": "https://almg.org.gt/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/CONTENIDO-KUKUY-TIE-AKATEKO-2-1.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "documentDate": "2011 (preparation credit; separate publication date not established)", "topics": [ "Language", "Teaching resources", "Literacy", "Community education" ], "annotation": "Substantial teaching manual, with Barillas Felipe’s preparation credit dated 2011. Spanish and Akateko instructions accompany sound/letter work and literacy exercises. Its educational aims do not establish present classroom use or measured outcomes. The 2025 upload is not treated as its publication year. No pronunciation or audio audit is claimed.", "contentReviewScope": "Printed/PDF1 credits; 5–16 introduction, alphabet and actual lessons; 49–55 literacy exercise format; 91 bibliography. Selected sections of 91 pages; narrative contents not summarized.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20" }, { "id": "ak-language-4", "title": "Sb’i K’ultajb’al yet Qichmam Akateko / Toponimias Maya Akateka: San Miguel Acatán y San Rafael La Independencia", "author": "Comunidad Lingüística Akateka", "publisher": "Comunidad Lingüística Akateka, Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala", "url": "https://almg.org.gt/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/TOPONIMIA-ACTUALIZADA.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "publicationDate": "2019", "topics": [ "Place names", "Language", "Local histories", "Community scholarship" ], "annotation": "Community place-name study updating an earlier 2003 work. Entries combine linguistic analysis with local accounts; the conclusion credits older knowledgeable community members. Etymologies remain attributed interpretations, and settlement figures are dated estimates. Neither linguistic names nor this publication establish current property boundaries, access rights, or permission to reproduce cultural-site information.", "contentReviewScope": "Title/credits; introduction i and following page (PDF9–10); printed pp.6–8,24–27,203 (PDF16–18,34–37,213). Selected sections of 217 pages; no map geometry extracted.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20" }, { "id": "ak-literature", "title": "Tz’ib’b’il Qichmam Akateka: Literatura Maya Akateka (2020)", "publisher": "Comunidad Lingüística Akateka — Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala; Carlos Francisco Francisco, translator", "url": "https://almg.org.gt/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Literatura-Maya-Akateka-REDUCIDO.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Literature", "Education", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read credits, presentation, both teaching guides and contents. A community publication for language learning; its introduction explicitly describes ten adapted and translated narratives. The guides distinguish first-language revitalization and second-language learning and involve proficient speakers. This supports an account of educational aims and methods, not measured success, a census of children’s language use, or a claim that every story originated uniquely among Akateko people.", "contentReviewScope": "PDF pp. 1–13; selected opening Akateko pages inspected for format only. No independent translation, complete story reading, audio or teaching-outcome evaluation.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20" }, { "id": "ak-history", "title": "Historia y memorias de la comunidad étnica Akateka, volumen II, versión escolar (1997)", "publisher": "Universidad Rafael Landívar, Instituto de Lingüística; editor Eleuterio Cahuec del Valle", "url": "https://www.url.edu.gt/publicacionesurl/FileCS.ashx?Id=41611", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Community memory", "History", "Homelands" ], "annotation": "Selected school-history and memory sections on village relationships, labor and displacement. The PDF copyright is 1997; a separate publisher catalogue says 2016, so no later revision is inferred. A teaching synthesis with narrated memories, not an independently checked chronology. Regional ancient-history claims, dated population figures and sweeping labor or land-law explanations are not adopted here.", "contentReviewScope": "PDF pp. 3, 6–9, 14–15, 19–24 and 47–50; publisher catalogue records compared. Selected passages, not the complete book.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20" }, { "id": "ak-migration-1", "title": "Migración forzada y refugiados guatemaltecos en México: Relaciones transfronterizas e interculturalidad", "author": "Joaquín Peña Piña; José Luis Francisco Mateo; Yaneth Candelaria López Méndez", "publisher": "Punto Cunorte 6(11):104–128 / Universidad de Guadalajara", "url": "https://revistas.cunorte.udg.mx/punto/article/download/89/330/726", "alternateUrl": "https://revistas.cunorte.udg.mx/punto/article/view/89", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Refugee history", "Mexico", "Community voices", "Education", "Land" ], "annotation": "Read printed pp.104–107 and 118–125 of the actual 25-page article. The publisher identifies coauthor Francisco Mateo as of Akateko and K’anjob’al origin and a child of refugees. Focuses on the mixed San Marcos community, including settlement, education promoters and cross-border ties. Originally published July 2020; current version updated February 2022. Narrated land acquisition is not a present title ruling. Language-loss percentages and broad historical generalizations are not adopted.", "publicationDate": "2020-07-01", "updatedDate": "2022-02-24", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewScope": "Printed pp.104–107 and 118–125 of the 25-page article; publisher authorship/version metadata also inspected." }, { "id": "ak-plan", "title": "Plan de Desarrollo Municipal y Ordenamiento Territorial: San Miguel Acatán, 2019–2032", "publisher": "Concejo Municipal de San Miguel Acatán, with SEGEPLAN technical support", "url": "https://portal.segeplan.gob.gt/segeplan/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/1313-PDM-OT-SAN_MIGUEL_ACATAN_PDMOT.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Local government", "Education", "Livelihoods", "Planning" ], "annotation": "Inspected municipal geography, diagnostic sections and development vision. Documents a 2019 planning process in a municipality identified with the Akateka language community. Proposed services and the 2032 vision are intentions, not verified results. Mixed-year statistics and local estimates are not used as current rates. The report’s evaluative generalizations about residents are not adopted. A municipal jurisdiction is not the whole people’s homeland.", "contentReviewScope": "PDF pp. 1–3, 10, 14–15, 26, 28, 30–31 and 52, plus selected web-rendered education passages; no complete implementation audit.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20" }, { "id": "ak-inpi", "title": "Akatecos — Etnografía", "publisher": "Instituto Nacional de los Pueblos Indígenas", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/akatecos-etnografia/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Refuge", "Community life" ], "annotation": "Read all substantive ethnographic sections through the research tool. A Mexico-centered account of settlement, local institutions, livelihoods, clothing and public celebrations. Its undated present-tense generalizations are not a current survey. The history section places 1982 events before an ensuing reference to 1981; that sequence is not adopted. Empty headings supply no evidence. An ordinary automated fetch failed, which does not establish a reader paywall.", "contentReviewScope": "Complete substantive webpage text; no linked audio, video or image collection reviewed.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20" }, { "id": "ak-migration-2", "title": "El estudio de la juventud como representación social en la población acateka de origen guatemalteco en Chiapas", "author": "Verónica Ruiz Lagier", "publisher": "Alteridades 21(42):103–111 / Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana", "url": "https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/alte/v21n42/v21n42a8.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Youth", "Migration", "Identity", "Education", "Gender" ], "annotation": "Read printed pp.103–110 of the original nine-page article, including research context, three-community comparisons and attributed interviews. Fieldwork began in 2002, with a dated 2010 returnee interview. Studies La Gloria, San Francisco and Nueva Libertad; the author explicitly rejects uniform generalization. Older language terminology is not adopted as present classification. Personal experiences, gender expectations and changing practices do not establish current prevalence or a single community rule.", "publicationDate": "2011", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewScope": "Printed pp.103–110 of the nine-page article, including interviews and three-community comparisons." }, { "id": "ak-migration-3", "title": "La fotografía y el trabajo etnográfico. El caso de la comunidad akateka: La Gloria.", "author": "Verónica Ruiz-Lagier", "publisher": "EntreDiversidades 9(2/19):35–62 / Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas", "url": "https://entrediversidades.unach.mx/index.php/entrediversidades/article/download/486/609?inline=1", "alternateUrl": "https://entrediversidades.unach.mx/index.php/entrediversidades/article/view/486", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Refugee history", "Community memory", "Mexico", "Photography", "Public history" ], "annotation": "Read the complete substantive publisher HTML, from introduction through conclusions, and checked original metadata; downloaded PDF, without claiming visual image analysis. A November 2021 visit adds new La Gloria memory/photography evidence to the author’s earlier work. Publisher dates publication March 6, 2024; SciELO’s later deposit date is not the original publication. Photographs were supplied for the event; the proposed museum/archive donation is not established as complete. No ritual instructions, photographs or precise cultural sites are reproduced.", "publicationDate": "2024-03-06", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewScope": "Complete substantive publisher HTML, introduction through conclusions; publisher metadata. No independent visual or film analysis." }, { "id": "ak-migration-4", "title": "The Maya Peoples of L.A.", "author": "Emilia Sánchez González, interviewing Aurora Pedro and Genesis Ek", "publisher": "J. Paul Getty Trust / Getty News", "url": "https://www.getty.edu/news/the-maya-peoples-of-la/", "type": "Reporting / interview", "topics": [ "Diaspora", "Community voices", "Language access", "Identity", "United States" ], "annotation": "Read the full October 10, 2022 original interview. Aurora Pedro is explicitly identified as Maya Akateko and Q’anjob’al; Genesis Ek has a separate Yucatan Maya background. Pedro recounts her family’s flight through Chiapas and advocates institutional language access. This is identified personal testimony, not a diaspora census or every family’s route. Broad introductory claims about ancient Maya language/script and group-wide arrival dates are not adopted.", "publicationDate": "2022-10-10", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewScope": "Full original interview text; personal testimony distinguished from the publisher’s broad introductory claims." }, { "id": "ak-inali", "title": "Akateko — Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales", "publisher": "Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas", "url": "https://www.inali.gob.mx/sitios/clin-inali/html/v_akateko.html", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Names", "Language", "Locations" ], "annotation": "Complete short language/locality table inspected. Records Kuti’ and named localities in Campeche, Chiapas and Quintana Roo. Useful orientation and naming evidence, kept outside the substantive target because it is a brief catalogue listing. It does not establish all settlements, current population, a homeland boundary or one government.", "contentReviewScope": "Complete short table and heading; the catalogue’s linked wider documentation is not counted as separately read.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "ak-language-support-1", "title": "Atlas Lingüístico Sonoro del Awakateko (ALISA) — introduction and linguistic affiliation", "author": "Comunidad Lingüística Awakateka", "publisher": "Comunidad Lingüística Awakateka / ALMG, with CIESAS-Sureste and CIMSUR-UNAM collaboration", "url": "https://alisa.aldelim.org/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language classification", "Names", "Awakateko distinction" ], "annotation": "Primary community-led orientation for the neighboring Awakateko language. Section 5 places it in the Mamean group and identifies its Aguacatán core. Retained solely to distinguish names, outside the Akateko substantive inspected count. Its audio corpus, figures and speaker totals are not adopted.", "contentReviewScope": "Inspected introduction and §§4–5,11–12 for project authorship, classification, credits and access terms; not the interactive corpus or audio. Publication date not established.", "accessed": "2026-10-20", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 25, 202, 313 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "relationshipNote": "Akateko and Awakateko are distinct Maya languages and community names. The Comunidad Lingüística Akateka is an ALMG language institution, not a single political government for every Akateko community. Historical Migueleño and K’anjob’al terminology needs its own local and author context; related names do not merge peoples, languages, citizenship or governments.", "researchGaps": [ "Extend Guatemalan colonial, labor and archaeological history with original records and specialist comparisons. A dated school synthesis is not an independently corroborated chronology, and the present introduction does not offer a comprehensive early history.", "Add more directly focused community accounts from Campeche and Quintana Roo and a wider range of Guatemalan local perspectives; a Mexican language-locality table does not fill those gaps.", "Establish present community-approved teaching use, learner experiences and outcomes. Publications record educational work and intended methods, rather than current adoption, success rates or speaker totals.", "Expand women’s, young people’s, artists’ and land users’ accounts without treating one person or one settlement as representative of everyone. The introduction has not received community review.", "Follow municipal plans and dated local accounts through later implementation and current evidence. No present health or education rates, exact diaspora counts, land-title conclusions or officeholders are established here.", "Compare earlier naming and population categories with their own dates and geographic scope. Distinct grammars and different studies can share earlier research; repeated background is not automatically independent confirmation.", "Inspect the retained Prospera scholarship when ordinary lawful full-text access permits. Current repository download failures do not prove that every reader faces a paywall, and abstracts remain separate from article-body checks.", "Check community context, image permissions and cartographic rights before later visual design or mapping. Public place-name publications do not grant entry to cultural sites or permission to reproduce photographs or boundary geometry." ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "preferredName": "Akatek / Acateco", "searchTerms": [ "Akateka", "Kuti’", "Migueleño", "San Miguel Acatán", "San Rafael La Independencia", "Jo’om" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "evidenceNotes": [ "Twelve substantive works and two short comparative/locality references were inspected on October 20, 2026. Supporting cards are excluded from the substantive inspected-source count. Scope fields identify selected book/report pages, complete articles or interview text; no complete-book, audio or film inspection is implied. HTML/PDF manifestations count once. The 1997 school PDF and later catalogue date are disclosed; 2013 descriptive and 2024 normative grammars are different works with an overlapping research lineage. The two Ruiz-Lagier articles have distinct topics and later observations but share earlier fieldwork. Quantity, initial adequacy, complete research and community review remain separate." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Adequate initial introduction", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-20", "rationale": "Twelve substantive works were inspected within recorded scopes. Community language publications, a dated historical synthesis, municipal planning, focused refuge and youth studies, and an identified diaspora interview support a useful educational starting point. Short locality and comparative-language references are excluded from the target. This assessment concerns introductory coverage, rather than comprehensive history, verified current conditions or community endorsement.", "remainingLimits": [ "Early history needs stronger comparison with original and specialist records.", "Current teaching outcomes and broader community perspectives remain open." ] }, "researchLeads": [ { "documentKey": "akateko-further-reading", "documentTitle": "Akateko — further historical reading", "title": "San Miguel Acatán, Huehuetenango, Guatemala: a modern Mayan village — Francis Xavier Grollig (1965)", "url": "https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/kip_monographs/118/", "contextNote": "Research lead found during renewed research, not an owner-contributed DOCX source.", "linkNote": "University repository bibliographic record inspected; full work not read and not counted. Compare its dated fieldwork and terminology with community publications." }, { "documentKey": "akateko-further-reading", "documentTitle": "Akateko — further historical and educational reading", "title": "The Prospera Conditional Cash Transfer Program and its Impact on Education, Labor, and Migration in an Indigenous Mayan Community in Chiapas, Mexico", "url": "https://orb.binghamton.edu/hdev_fac/18/", "contextNote": "Research leads located during renewed review, not owner-contributed DOCX references.", "linkNote": "Repository abstract/catalogue read; linked full-text download returned403 in web and normal urllib requests. No article-body inspection claimed." }, { "documentKey": "akateko-further-reading", "documentTitle": "Akateko — further historical and educational reading", "title": "Gender Equality, Community Divisions and Autonomy: The Prospera Conditional Cash Transfer Program in Chiapas, Mexico", "url": "https://scholarship.depauw.edu/socanth_facpubs/1/", "contextNote": "Research leads located during renewed review, not owner-contributed DOCX references.", "linkNote": "Repository abstract/catalogue read; full accepted-manuscript download returned403. Not counted or used for article conclusions." }, { "documentKey": "akateko-regional-context", "documentTitle": "Akateko — wider refugee context", "title": "Los refugiados guatemaltecos y la frontera-frente de discriminación, explotación y desigualdad", "url": "https://alteridades.izt.uam.mx/index.php/Alte/article/download/950/965/1998", "contextNote": "Broader regional context, outside the directly focused substantive collection.", "linkNote": "Read printed pp.47–48 and51–55 in actual eleven-page PDF. Valuable regional refugee/citizenship context, but the detailed personal/institutional cases principally concern other groups, including Q’anjob’al Nuevo Huixtán. Its Akateko relevance is broader context; kept outside the directly focused substantive count.", "supportingReview": true } ], "added": false, "slug": "akateko", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico", "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "Akiachak Native Community", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Akiachak Native Community has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 793; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "akiachak-native-community", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Akiak Native Community", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Akiak Native Community has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 795; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "akiak-native-community", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 9, "name": "Alabama", "region": "Southeast / Alabama River; Louisiana migration; Texas and Oklahoma communities", "kind": "People / language / distinct community governments", "overview": "Explore Alabama history, language and continuing community life through annotated sources. This introduction follows southeastern connections, Texas and Oklahoma settings, original government documents and community language work, with remaining gaps kept visible.", "sections": [ { "title": "A people and language, with several community settings", "text": "Alabama is a people and language name, distinct from the modern state’s broader Indigenous population. Closely related Coushatta/Quassarte communities share parts of this history. The reading below follows Texas and Oklahoma settings separately.", "sourceIds": [ "p9-s3", "al-language-support-1" ] }, { "title": "Southeastern towns and different westward journeys", "text": "John H. Moore’s historical reference follows Alabama and Quassarte towns along the Alabama River into French trade relationships and the Creek Confederacy. It describes westward movement in separate groups, including settlements in central Louisiana and Texas, while people who remained with the Creeks underwent forced removal to Indian Territory. These were different community histories, rather than one journey followed by everyone.", "sourceIds": [ "p9-s3" ] }, { "title": "A Texas community's account of its past", "text": "The Tribe's public history places Alabama and Coushatta origins in neighboring areas of what is now Alabama, followed by westward movement into Texas. It connects the Texas community's history with alliances, assistance to refugees during the 1836 conflict and the restoration of federal recognition in 1987. This is the Tribe's concise account of its past. Its references to promised or recognized lands should be read alongside the underlying agreements, rather than converted into a present property map.", "sourceIds": [ "al-texas-1" ] }, { "title": "Villages, rivers and paths in East Texas", "text": "Howard Martin’s Handbook history describes Alabama settlements along waterways including the Angelina and Neches rivers. Peach Tree, Fenced-In and Cane Island appear as distinct villages connected through trails. The account links hunting, cultivation and travel to the Big Thicket landscape, then follows settler pressure and land disputes. Read its route descriptions as a historian’s reconstruction, with particular family movements still requiring closer archival comparison.", "sourceIds": [ "al-martin-history" ] }, { "title": "Different leaders and a shared reservation", "text": "Chief History separately presents leaders of Alabama villages, Coushatta villages and the later Alabama-Coushatta community. That structure preserves distinctions within a connected history. Its biographies describe Colabe's multilingual interpreting and John Scott's role as a school trustee, linking leadership with diplomacy and education. The introductory settlement account explains how sharing the Polk County reservation encouraged the joint Texas name. It should not be stretched into a claim that all Alabama or Coushatta people everywhere became one government.", "sourceIds": [ "al-texas-2" ] }, { "title": "What the 1954 termination act changed", "text": "The 1954 federal act authorized conveyance of tribal land to Texas to hold in trust. It tied termination of the federal trust relationship to conveyance and a subsequent proclamation, and withdrew status-based federal Indian services while retaining specified school and hospital eligibility. This legislation changed federal administration and obligations. The enactment and its later implementation should be distinguished: the proclamation has not been inspected for this introduction.", "sourceIds": [ "al-termination-1954" ] }, { "title": "Restoring the federal relationship in 1987", "text": "Title II of the act approved August 18, 1987 restored federal recognition and the trust relationship for the Alabama and Coushatta Indian Tribes of Texas. It treated the two as one tribal unit for federal-law purposes and addressed the council’s powers, constitution and reservation. The act’s separate title for Ysleta del Sur Pueblo should not be applied to Alabama-Coushatta. This primary document explains an important historical change; later legal developments need their own sources.", "sourceIds": [ "al-restoration-1987" ] }, { "title": "Constitutional government and cultural responsibilities", "text": "The July 2023 constitutional consolidation records an original adoption in 1971 and later amendments. It names the Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas as the joint legal and governmental unit, then distinguishes chiefs, a seven-member council, administration and courts. Chiefs have cultural, historical and advisory responsibilities; council members serve staggered three-year terms under that text. Its preamble connects self-government with education, language, arts and cultural preservation. These provisions belong to the Texas government's constitutional history.", "sourceIds": [ "al-texas-3" ] }, { "title": "Reading the Oklahoma community's own history", "text": "An undated community account distinguishes Alabama and Quassarte towns while describing their Muscogee relationships. It presents southwestern migration and removal to Indian Territory as different historical paths, and describes traditional government continuing through federal changes. Read this as a particular Oklahoma community's interpretation, alongside primary records. Its account does not make the Oklahoma and Texas governments interchangeable; claims about present membership or administration require separately dated evidence.", "sourceIds": [ "al-ok-community-history" ] }, { "title": "A historical constitution and its two dates", "text": "The 1939 government printing identifies Alabama and Quassarte No. 1 as former towns within Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town. Its purposes include land, economic cooperation, health, welfare and continuing traditions. The Interior approval block is dated November 17, 1938; certification separately records ratification on January 10, 1939. Article IX protects existing rights as citizens of the Creek Nation. These are historical provisions, not an independent statement of present citizenship, leadership or governing law.", "sourceIds": [ "al-ok-constitution-1939" ] }, { "title": "Education, language and women's leadership", "text": "The Tribal Council's 2023 tribute describes Millie Ann Thompson Williams as the first woman elected to a chief position for the Alabama-Coushatta Tribe. It connects her leadership with many years of Head Start teaching and identifies her as an Alabama-language teacher and preservation consultant. This public remembrance makes a named educator's contribution visible alongside formal government history. Her biography connects community education with formal political leadership.", "sourceIds": [ "al-texas-4" ] }, { "title": "Alabama and Koasati are related languages", "text": "Alabama belongs to the Muskogean family and is closely related to Koasati, also called Coushatta. Their relationship should be kept distinct from the shared name of the Texas tribal government. A resource for one language is not automatically a description of the other.", "sourceIds": [ "al-language-support-1" ] }, { "title": "A dictionary built into a learning collection", "text": "Cora Sylestine’s educator-led dictionary work underlies a continuing learning collection. The 1993 preface credits her initiative and later collaboration with Heather K. Hardy and Timothy Montler. The current Alabama Dictionary Online adds grammatical explanations and teaching materials through a Texas tribal–WOLF Lab partnership. Its June 2025 verb handout moves from introductions to changing verb forms and partner exercises; the noun guide explains how endings mark a noun’s role. The project says speakers approve public recordings and collected material is owned by and shared with the tribe. The lessons make vocabulary and grammatical relationships accessible through a community collaboration.", "sourceIds": [ "al-language-1" ] }, { "title": "Community experience within language research", "text": "In a 2024 interview, Ava Silva connects Alabama learning with listening to her grandmother and with the older generation’s painful experiences of punishment at school. Rojas’s article identifies Silva as the project’s community coordinator and a participant in research on verb conjugations. It also describes recordings shared with the community and findings presented to the tribal council. This attributed account helps readers understand the family and community relationships within documentation, while Silva’s experience should not be generalized to every Alabama family.", "sourceIds": [ "al-language-3" ] }, { "title": "Questions being investigated in Alabama grammar", "text": "Fernandes and Silva’s January 2026 conference presentation examines how Alabama changes verbs to identify participants in an action. They compare earlier placement rules with additional examples and propose that different stages of word formation help explain why agreement markers appear in different positions. Worked derivations and an unresolved question about negation make the talk a substantial research resource. Readers should distinguish the authors’ proposed analysis from established consensus; the presentation offers neither a complete grammar nor a guide to every speaker’s usage.", "sourceIds": [ "al-language-2" ] }, { "title": "Making time and materials for learning", "text": "Harvard’s September 2026 report describes three June community workshops, including pronunciation, greetings, possession and verb grammar. It also reports weekly online instruction and tribal approval of one paid hour a week for employees to attend. These are concrete, dated actions supporting access to learning. The report does not measure proficiency gains or establish that everyone participates; its value lies in documenting how a particular collaboration was being organized in 2026.", "sourceIds": [ "al-language-4" ] }, { "title": "Planning for everyday access", "text": "The Tribe's April 2025 transportation plan connects infrastructure with the daily needs of residents and visitors. It describes drainage and road-surface problems, coordinating health, education, emergency and transportation departments with external partners. Its strategies include further investigation, seeking funds and developing longer-lasting maintenance solutions. This is a practical example of government planning for community life. The published final draft records goals and a schedule; it does not independently establish that every project was adopted, funded or completed.", "sourceIds": [ "al-texas-5" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "al-texas-1", "title": "Our History", "publisher": "Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas", "author": "Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas", "url": "https://www.alabama-coushatta.com/about-us/our-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "History", "Texas", "Alabama", "Restoration", "Community history" ], "annotation": "The Tribe's account of origins, Texas alliances and restoration. A concise institutional synthesis whose treaty/title statements require comparison with actual instruments. Undated population, acreage and officeholders are not adopted as current. The footer is not a publication date.", "documentDate": "Undated web page", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Full substantive introduction, Origins, The Tribe's Triumph in Texas History, and Timeline.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "al-texas-2", "title": "Chief History", "publisher": "Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas", "author": "Based on research by Howard Martin, Tribal Historian; web additions not individually credited", "url": "https://www.alabama-coushatta.com/about-us/chief-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Leadership", "History", "Texas", "Education", "Diplomacy" ], "annotation": "Biographical sequence based on the 2014 Tribal Chief Inauguration Program, with later web additions. Distinguishes Alabama, Coushatta and joint chiefs. Some dates conflict internally or with other Tribe pages. Do not infer current officeholders or linguistic classification from this overview.", "documentDate": "2014 programme lineage; subsequently updated web text, update date unstated", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Introductory attribution and all three chief groupings, Antone through Millie Thompson Williams.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p9-s3", "title": "Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town", "author": "John H. Moore", "publisher": "Oklahoma Historical Society, Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture", "publicationDate": "2010-01-15", "url": "https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=AL001", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "Migration", "Removal", "Oklahoma" ], "annotation": "A focused historical reference on related towns, westward movements and Creek relationships. Its compressed account of the 1936 legislation should be read alongside the original constitution’s separate approval and ratification dates. Not a current citizenship or population source.", "contentReviewScope": "Complete six-paragraph article, bibliography and publication credit; page navigation excluded.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "al-ok-community-history", "title": "About Us — Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town", "publisher": "Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town", "url": "https://www.alabama-quassarte.com/getpage.php?name=About_Us&sub=About+Us", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "History", "Identity", "Removal", "Government" ], "annotation": "Undated community historical account read in full through the web research tool. The domain has an independent Oklahoma government directory cross-link. Retain its community perspective while comparing chronology with primary records. Undated enrollment and current-rule assertions are not adopted; its April 1939 claim differs from the constitution's approval and ratification dates.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Complete substantive About Us text, web lines 50–59, plus identifying contact/footer context; not the separate generic History stub.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessNotes": "Actual page text was read through the web research tool. Normal Python requests failed certificate verification; no TLS bypass was used. Institutional provenance supports this publication's attribution, not a claim that all website information is current." }, { "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "id": "al-language-1", "title": "Alabama Dictionary Online — dictionary and teaching collection", "author": "Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas–WOLF Lab collaboration; 1993 dictionary by Cora Sylestine, Heather K. Hardy and Timothy Montler; website by Jacob Fernandes", "publisher": "Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas / WOLF Lab, Harvard University", "url": "https://alabamadictionary.github.io/about/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Education", "Community scholarship", "Documentation" ], "annotation": "One continuing collection, combining the 1993 dictionary with later collaborative lessons. Inspected real grammar and exercises, not just its introduction. Speaker approval and tribal ownership describe the project’s collected materials; they do not establish unrestricted reuse of every book or recording. The website misnames Montler; the book credits Timothy Montler.", "contentReviewScope": "About; Basic Noun Grammar; selected Agent Conjugation sections; June 2025 verb handout pp.1–11; five everyday dictionary entries. Original preface opening p.ix read in publisher-indexed text; not the complete 1993 book.", "documentDate": "1993 dictionary basis; website credited 2024; inspected introductory handout June 2025", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "inspectedSubresources": [ { "url": "https://alabamadictionary.github.io/grammar/nouns", "title": "Basic Noun Grammar", "scope": "Complete substantive page" }, { "url": "https://alabamadictionary.github.io/grammar/conjugation-tables", "title": "Verb Conjugation", "scope": "Intro and Agent Conjugation through -li and -chi patterns" }, { "url": "https://alabamadictionary.github.io/grammar/verbs-an-introduction.pdf", "title": "How to use Alabama verbs: an introduction", "date": "June 2025", "scope": "All 11 pages" }, { "url": "https://alabamadictionary.github.io/dict.json", "title": "Public dictionary data", "scope": "Five ordinary entries retained: oki, naaɬiilka, bitli, Albaamo, ifa. Audio references checked as metadata, not played." }, { "url": "https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7560/730779-001/pdf?licenseType=free", "title": "Dictionary preface", "scope": "Opening p.ix rendered in indexed publisher result; direct PDF failed. Project-origin and collaboration paragraphs, not whole two-page preface." } ] }, { "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "id": "al-language-4", "title": "Summer Research With the WOLF Lab — Week of September 8", "publisher": "Harvard University Department of Linguistics", "url": "https://linguistics.fas.harvard.edu/news/2026/09/week-september-8", "type": "Academic / reference", "publicationDate": "2026-09-08", "topics": [ "Language", "Education", "Community collaboration", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Dated original program account describing June 2026 research, three workshops, weekly community instruction and approved paid employee learning time. Useful for specific institutional actions; it provides no independent outcomes evaluation, complete speaker count or guarantee that arrangements remain unchanged.", "contentReviewScope": "Complete Summer Research With the WOLF Lab report and image captions; June activities and weekly-session paragraph. Dated 2026-09-08. Read through live research tool; separate scratch fetch returned 403.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "al-texas-3", "title": "Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas Constitution and By-Laws, revised and annotated incorporating Amendments I–XXIII", "publisher": "Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas", "author": "Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas", "url": "https://www.alabama-coushatta.com/uploads/cms/nav-18-64d3bc7777f8c.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Government", "Constitution", "Cultural preservation", "Education", "Language" ], "annotation": "Primary constitutional text with amendment history and preservation responsibilities. July 2023 is the consolidation date, not original adoption. This does not establish the absence of later amendments. Territorial provisions are not a property map or a case-specific jurisdictional assessment.", "publicationDate": "2023-07", "originalAdoptionDate": "1971-06-16", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Cover; pp. 3–4, 7–12, 18–19: preamble, territory/name, organization, chiefs, council, powers, administration and courts. Printed and PDF page numbers coincide.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "al-texas-4", "title": "Alabama-Coushatta Tribe Announces Passing of Second Chief", "publisher": "Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas", "author": "Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas, Tribal Council announcement", "url": "https://www.alabama-coushatta.com/blog/post/alabama-coushatta-tribe-announces-passing-of-second-chief", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Millie Ann Thompson Williams", "Education", "Language preservation", "Women", "Leadership" ], "annotation": "Council tribute documenting Millie Ann Thompson Williams's teaching, Head Start service and Alabama-language preservation alongside her historic election. Community-authored biography, not a complete autobiography or present programme evaluation. Family, medical and religious details are not reproduced.", "publicationDate": "2023-08-28", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Full dated tribute, especially the Head Start paragraph and Alabama-language teaching/preservation paragraph. Photograph not republished.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "al-texas-5", "title": "Strategic Transportation Safety Plan", "publisher": "Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas", "author": "Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas; engineering support by Schaumburg & Polk Inc. identified on printed p. 6", "url": "https://www.alabama-coushatta.com/uploads/blog/0c5006728ac0e60545adba18f19196a2f6d60572.pdf", "sourcePage": "https://www.alabama-coushatta.com/blog/post/safe-street-for-all-safety-action-plan", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community planning", "Transportation", "Public services", "Texas", "Government" ], "annotation": "Tribe-published planning work dated April 2025 and posted November 2025 as a final draft. Connects maintenance, service access and funding. Goals and scheduled milestones do not establish completed construction or independently verified adoption. Inconsistent numerical rates are not repeated.", "publicationDate": "2025-04", "postedAt": "2025-11-03", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Cover; printed pp. 2–8, 10–16 (PDF 3–9, 11–17): context, summary, goals, partners, process, data limitations and strategies. Map on p. 9 not interpreted.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "al-ok-constitution-1939", "title": "Constitution and By-laws of the Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town, Oklahoma, ratified January 10, 1939", "publisher": "Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town; U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs; Government Printing Office", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-I20-58fee8c445d0f739f919415d57f769c2/pdf/GOVPUB-I20-58fee8c445d0f739f919415d57f769c2.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "History", "Government", "Community institutions" ], "annotation": "Complete seven-page 1939 printing inspected. Separates Interior approval on November 17, 1938 from ratification on January 10, 1939. Historical evidence of town organization and constitutional purposes; no amendments, present officeholders or current citizenship rules were verified. The alternate university scan is the same work, not another source.", "publicationDate": "1939", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "PDF pp. 1–7; printed pp. 1–5 are PDF pp. 3–7. Read all articles, bylaws, approval and certification. University mirror cross-checked for the two dates.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "alternateUrl": "https://thorpe.law.ou.edu/IRA/alaquassarte.pdf", "accessNotes": "GovInfo PDF returned HTTP 200 through a normal verified-TLS request and was read in memory. Web-tool access was intermittently successful. No access control or certificate check was bypassed." }, { "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "id": "al-language-2", "title": "A Stratal OT Account of Alabama Agent Agreement", "author": "Jacob Fernandes and Ava Silva", "publisher": "SSILA, author-hosted conference presentation", "url": "https://notluckycharm.github.io/static/SSILA-FINAL.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "publicationDate": "2026-01-10", "topics": [ "Language", "Grammar", "Community collaboration", "Research" ], "annotation": "Substantive coauthored conference presentation with data, derivations, an alternative analysis of agreement, and acknowledged open questions. It is provisional scholarship, not a peer-reviewed consensus or a complete grammar. A related 2024 manuscript and this talk count as one work.", "contentReviewScope": "PDF1–27: title, background, paradigms, critique, staged derivations, speaker acknowledgments and open questions; 29-page file, final two bibliography slides not used. No speaker estimate or 2023 project-start claim adopted.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "id": "al-language-3", "title": "Preserving Indigenous languages is personal", "author": "Nikki Rojas, interviewing Ava Silva and WOLF Lab participants", "publisher": "Harvard Gazette", "url": "https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2024/11/preserving-indigenous-languages-is-personal/", "type": "Reporting / interview", "publicationDate": "2024-11-01", "topics": [ "Language", "Community voices", "Education", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Original reported interview foregrounding Silva’s family experience, community-coordination role and participation in grammatical research. Her accounts are attributed personal and community testimony. The 2024 project description is not a present population survey or proof of the same experience in every family.", "contentReviewScope": "Complete article body, from Silva’s family recollections through council presentation and future plans; captions checked, images not reused. No audio interview or independent assessment of fluency.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "id": "al-language-support-1", "title": "Alabama Language", "publisher": "Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, University of Oklahoma", "url": "https://samnoblemuseum.ou.edu/collections-and-research/native-american-languages/map-of-oklahoma-languages/alabama-language/", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Language relationships", "Research collections" ], "annotation": "Short specialist orientation distinguishing Alabama from closely related Koasati/Coushatta and other Muskogean languages. Its bibliography and archival references are discovery aids, not evidence that those works were read. Excluded from the substantive inspected-source count.", "contentReviewScope": "Introductory relationship paragraph, selected bibliography and archival list. No listed manuscript consulted through this page; publication date unestablished.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "al-martin-history", "title": "Alabama-Coushatta Indians", "author": "Howard N. Martin", "publisher": "Texas State Historical Association, Handbook of Texas", "publicationDate": "1976; page metadata updated September 29, 2020", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/alabama-coushatta-indians", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Migration", "Villages", "Texas", "Land history" ], "annotation": "Detailed historical synthesis connecting migration, East Texas settlements, land pressures and institutions. Its sweeping cultural generalizations, assimilation framing and dated figures are not adopted here. Martin also wrote the tribe-hosted chief history: overlap is not independent corroboration.", "contentReviewScope": "Substantive article and bibliography, especially migration, village networks and land-policy passages; no current demographic or officer claims adopted.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "al-termination-1954", "title": "Public Law 83-627, chapter 831 — termination of federal supervision (1954)", "author": "United States Congress", "publisher": "United States Statutes at Large, GovInfo", "publicationDate": "1954-08-23", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-68/pdf/STATUTE-68-Pg768.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Federal policy", "Land", "Texas", "Historical law" ], "annotation": "Original enactment, not a statement of present law. Sections link land conveyance, a later proclamation and withdrawal of federal supervision/services, with specified exceptions. Read with the 1987 restoration act. The neighboring Public Law 628 concerns a different subject.", "contentReviewScope": "68 Stat.768–769, complete chapter831, sections1–8 and approval date; two-page PDF also contains parts of unrelated laws, excluded from synthesis. Actual PDF text inspected; no implementation proclamation inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "al-restoration-1987", "title": "Ysleta del Sur Pueblo and Alabama and Coushatta Indian Tribes of Texas Restoration Act — Title II", "author": "United States Congress", "publisher": "United States Statutes at Large, GovInfo", "publicationDate": "1987-08-18", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-101/pdf/STATUTE-101-Pg666.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Restoration", "Government", "Texas", "Historical law" ], "annotation": "Original act’s Alabama-Coushatta title restores federal recognition and the trust relationship and addresses government and reservation matters. Title I concerns a different nation. This historical reading does not determine later amendments, litigation, present gaming rules or individual rights.", "contentReviewScope": "TitleII, sections201–207 and approval date, 101 Stat.669–672 (PDF4–7); actual PDF text inspected. TitleI is not used as Alabama-Coushatta evidence.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 89, 232 ], "relationshipNote": "Alabama is a people and language entry. The Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas and Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town in Oklahoma are distinct governments. Coushatta/Quassarte is closely related to Alabama rather than simply an alternate name; shared institutions and Muscogee relationships need their own historical context.", "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "researchGaps": [ "Compare early southeastern history, separate family migrations and East Texas land negotiations with original records and specialist scholarship. Compressed accounts and Martin’s related publications are not independent corroborations; the 1836/1839 instruments and the 1954 implementation proclamation remain to inspect.", "Resolve what separate event or instrument may explain the Oklahoma community history’s April 1939 statement. The historical constitution records Interior approval in November 1938 and ratification in January 1939; these dates are kept distinct.", "Review later constitutional amendments, ordinances and implementation before describing present governing or citizenship rules. No current officeholders, enrollment totals, territorial boundary or individual legal rights are determined here.", "Expand community voices and publicly shared cultural life, including artists, foodways, land use, families and Oklahoma perspectives. A named educator and one student interview are valuable particular accounts, not a complete account of everyone’s experience. Community review has not been recorded.", "Establish current teaching access, learner experiences and outcomes through suitable community evidence. No speaker census or independent pronunciation/audio evaluation is supplied; older language studies remain further-reading leads where full content access was limited.", "Follow the 2025 transportation final draft through adoption, funding and implementation records. Its schedule and goals are not completed improvements or current verified safety rates.", "Recheck current website editorial provenance and dated institutional information. The earlier aqtt.org page is excluded as current community authority pending verification; this does not establish fraud, compromise or a reconstruction. Linked institutional records support the replacement historical publication’s attribution, not the currency of every assertion.", "Confirm rights and appropriate community context before later image reuse or mapping. Broad state associations are evidence notes, not homeland polygons, sensitive-site locations or an exhaustive regional directory." ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "searchTerms": [ "Alibamu", "Albaamo", "Alabama language", "Alabama-Coushatta", "Alabama-Quassarte" ], "evidenceNotes": [ "Fifteen substantive works and one short supporting relationship reference were inspected within recorded scopes on October 21, 2026. The supporting card is excluded from the substantive count. Dictionary/web/lesson manifestations count as one continuing collection; the related grammar manuscript and conference presentation are not counted twice. Long documents retain actual selected-page ranges. No complete dictionary-book, recording, private-session or community review is implied.", "Bibliographic correction: the 1993 dictionary credits Timothy Montler, despite a different first name on the live project About page. Oklahoma constitution approval and ratification are distinct from the later April 1939 narrative. The Texas 1971 adoption, July 2023 consolidation and 1987 federal restoration concern different events. Proposals, dated reports and provisional grammar analysis retain their limits." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Adequate initial introduction", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "rationale": "Fifteen substantive inspected works provide an educational starting point across southeastern and westward history, distinct Texas and Oklahoma governments, original constitutional/federal documents, a named educator, community language work, an attributed student account and everyday planning. One brief language orientation is supporting only. The judgment concerns initial coverage within disclosed scopes, not comprehensive research, current legal status in every detail or community endorsement.", "remainingLimits": [ "Earlier records, migration/land instruments and conflicting Oklahoma chronology need closer comparison.", "Broader community voices, present learning outcomes and later government/planning implementation remain open." ] }, "researchLeads": [ { "documentKey": "alabama-further-language-reading", "documentTitle": "Alabama — further language scholarship", "title": "Language maintenance on the Alabama-Coushatta Reservation", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237066926_Language_maintenance_on_the_Alabama-Coushatta_Reservation", "contextNote": "Research lead found during the renewed review, not an owner-supplied DOCX URL.", "linkNote": "Abstract and author-upload notice only. Author PDF opened as a 20-page file without extracted text; screenshots timed out and ordinary download returned 403. Article not inspected. Full-work content review is pending; not counted as a substantive inspected work." }, { "documentKey": "alabama-further-language-reading", "documentTitle": "Alabama — further language scholarship", "title": "The phonology of Alabama agent agreement", "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00437956.1990.11435823", "contextNote": "Research lead found during the renewed review, not an owner-supplied DOCX URL.", "linkNote": "Publisher-indexed title and first-page text; direct PDF 403. Detailed older analysis not adopted second-hand. Full-work content review is pending; not counted as a substantive inspected work." }, { "documentKey": "alabama-further-language-reading", "documentTitle": "Alabama — further language scholarship", "title": "The language of the Alabama Indians", "url": "https://sova.si.edu/record/naa.ms7361", "contextNote": "Research lead found during the renewed review, not an owner-supplied DOCX URL.", "linkNote": "Archive catalogue only. Third-party mirror discovered but not used. Full-work content review is pending; not counted as a substantive inspected work." }, { "documentKey": "alabama-further-language-reading", "documentTitle": "Alabama — further language scholarship", "title": "Dictionary of the Alabama Language (review)", "url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1tn7h8nq", "contextNote": "Research lead found during the renewed review, not an owner-supplied DOCX URL.", "linkNote": "Indexed opening only; repository challenge/direct-PDF failure. Full-work content review is pending; not counted as a substantive inspected work." } ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "alabamacoushatta-tribe-of-texas" ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-01", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "al-texas-1", "reason": "Start with the Texas Tribe’s own account of Alabama and Coushatta connections, Texas history and restoration." }, { "sourceId": "al-ok-community-history", "reason": "Read the Oklahoma Tribal Town’s separate historical account to keep its community and chronology distinct from Texas." }, { "sourceId": "al-language-1", "reason": "Explore this collaborative dictionary and teaching collection for concrete Alabama language resources and their stated ownership limits." }, { "sourceId": "al-language-3", "reason": "Silva’s attributed family and research experiences give the language work a particular personal perspective." } ], "scopeNote": "Alabama names a people and language; the Texas Alabama-Coushatta government and Oklahoma Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town are distinct, and Coushatta is closely related rather than an alternate Alabama name. Public accounts and a sampled language collection do not establish current rules, speaker totals or every family’s experience.", "reviewRationale": "A useful bounded guide can begin with two situated community histories, an actual learner-facing collection and a named community participant’s experience while the larger historical and legal record remains open.", "remainingQuestions": [ "The Oklahoma community account’s April 1939 statement remains distinct from the constitution’s November 1938 approval and January 1939 ratification.", "Dictionary inspection covered specified grammar, handout and entry samples, not the entire 1993 book or audio; present learning outcomes remain unverified." ], "imageRecordId": "alabama-big-thicket-cypress-sharaga", "reviewBasis": "Review of existing actual-content source records, retained evidence ledgers and image identification/rights records. No new original-source inspection count, fresh image inspection or comprehensive completion is implied.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false }, "added": false, "slug": "alabama", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains", "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AL", "name": "Alabama", "key": "us-al" }, { "id": "US-LA", "name": "Louisiana", "key": "us-la" }, { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" }, { "id": "US-TX", "name": "Texas", "key": "us-tx" } ] }, { "name": "Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas", "originalId": null, "added": true, "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "directoryEntryType": "tribal-government", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "directoryQueueStatus": "Community-specific starting guide; further research remains open", "compiled": "2026-10-26", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "identityReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "overview": "The Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas brings together Alabama and Coushatta people in a shared East Texas government. Its own history and a dated constitutional text provide starting points for understanding the community, its institutions and its continuing relationship with the Big Thicket. Broader Alabama and Coushatta routes remain separately available.", "overviewSourceIds": [ "al-texas-1", "al-texas-3" ], "relationshipNote": "This Texas government brings together Alabama and Coushatta people. It does not represent every Alabama or Coushatta/Koasati community; the two broader reading entries remain separate.", "region": "Texas", "sections": [ { "title": "Two peoples and a shared Texas history", "text": "The Tribe’s historical account distinguishes Alabama and Coushatta people before describing their movement into East Texas and their relationships with successive governments. Its timeline includes federal restoration in 1987. Read this as the Tribe’s institutional synthesis: the narrative’s treaty and land-title statements need comparison with the actual instruments, and the page’s undated population figures are not used as current facts.", "sourceIds": [ "al-texas-1" ] }, { "title": "Reading a governing document", "text": "The hosted Constitution and By-Laws provides a different kind of evidence. The previously inspected preamble and selected provisions describe the government’s name, organization, chiefs, council, powers and courts. This is a dated revised and annotated document, not a guarantee that every provision is the current consolidated rule. Keeping it beside community history helps distinguish a published institutional narrative from a governing instrument.", "sourceIds": [ "al-texas-3" ] }, { "title": "Place without a boundary claim", "text": "The Tribe’s history places this Texas community in the Big Thicket. The credited cypress photograph supplies regional environmental context. It shows a national-preserve landscape, not the Tribe’s reservation boundary, a named family’s property or a cultural site. Alabama and Coushatta communities elsewhere should be read through their own sources.", "sourceIds": [ "al-texas-1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "alabama-coushatta-tx-identity", "title": "Our History — government and people identification", "publisher": "Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas", "url": "https://www.alabama-coushatta.com/about-us/our-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Names", "Texas" ], "annotation": "The Tribe’s own page identifies its named government in East Texas and the Alabama and Coushatta peoples. Supporting identity only; broader community histories remain distinct.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Selected present-government identification at web line20 and separate Alabama/Coushatta peoples statement at24; wider historical claims, current officeholders, enrollment and acreage were not used for this queue card.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "identificationOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Narrow supporting identity/relationship check; standalone history and adequacy remain queued." }, { "id": "al-texas-1", "title": "Our History", "publisher": "Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas", "author": "Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas", "url": "https://www.alabama-coushatta.com/about-us/our-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "History", "Texas", "Alabama", "Restoration", "Community history" ], "annotation": "The Tribe's account of origins, Texas alliances and restoration. A concise institutional synthesis whose treaty/title statements require comparison with actual instruments. Undated population, acreage and officeholders are not adopted as current. The footer is not a publication date.", "documentDate": "Undated web page", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Full substantive introduction, Origins, The Tribe's Triumph in Texas History, and Timeline.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "al-texas-3", "title": "Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas Constitution and By-Laws, revised and annotated incorporating Amendments I–XXIII", "publisher": "Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas", "author": "Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas", "url": "https://www.alabama-coushatta.com/uploads/cms/nav-18-64d3bc7777f8c.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Government", "Constitution", "Cultural preservation", "Education", "Language" ], "annotation": "Primary constitutional text with amendment history and preservation responsibilities. July 2023 is the consolidation date, not original adoption. This does not establish the absence of later amendments. Territorial provisions are not a property map or a case-specific jurisdictional assessment.", "publicationDate": "2023-07", "originalAdoptionDate": "1971-06-16", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Cover; pp. 3–4, 7–12, 18–19: preamble, territory/name, organization, chiefs, council, powers, administration and courts. Printed and PDF page numbers coincide.", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 9, 89 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded community-specific starting guide with selected source perspectives, an annotated reading path and scoped imagery. Wider history, current implementation and community review remain open.", "remainingLimits": [ "Compare the community narrative with original agreements and fuller local histories.", "Current legal provisions, officeholders and program outcomes need separate dated review.", "Broaden named community voices; no community endorsement is recorded." ] }, "researchGaps": [ "Compare the community narrative with original agreements and fuller local histories.", "Current legal provisions, officeholders and program outcomes need separate dated review.", "Broaden named community voices; no community endorsement is recorded." ], "searchTerms": [ "Alabama-Coushatta", "Alabama", "Coushatta", "Koasati" ], "evidenceNotes": [ "Supporting identification does not establish complete history, legal status, territorial boundaries or community endorsement.", "A community-specific starting guide reuses selected earlier actual-content reviews with their original dates/scopes. It does not add new global works merely because a URL appears on this route. Picture identification/rights are separate from historical adequacy or community endorsement." ], "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "al-texas-1", "origin": { "name": "Alabama", "originalId": 9 }, "inspectionBasis": "Exact prior source object and actual review date/scope preserved. Reused relevant reading, not a new global work or fresh full-source inspection." }, { "sourceId": "al-texas-3", "origin": { "name": "Alabama", "originalId": 9 }, "inspectionBasis": "Exact prior source object and actual review date/scope preserved. Reused relevant reading, not a new global work or fresh full-source inspection." } ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-02", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "al-texas-1", "reason": "Begin with the Texas Tribe’s own account of the two peoples and their shared community history." }, { "sourceId": "al-texas-3", "reason": "Compare that narrative with selected provisions of the dated governing document." } ], "scopeNote": "A named Texas government route, not a synonym for all Alabama or Coushatta people. Original document-review scopes and dates are preserved.", "reviewBasis": "Selected actual-content source records and retained original inspection dates/scopes, with new inspections separately identified. This is not comprehensive completion or community endorsement.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "remainingQuestions": [ "Compare the community narrative with original agreements and fuller local histories.", "Current legal provisions, officeholders and program outcomes need separate dated review.", "Broaden named community voices; no community endorsement is recorded." ], "imageRecordId": "alabamacoushatta-big-thicket-context" }, "slug": "alabamacoushatta-tribe-of-texas", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-TX", "name": "Texas", "key": "us-tx" } ] }, { "name": "Alatna Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Alatna Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 797; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "alatna-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Alderville First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — listing address only", "overview": "Alderville First Nation’s public history identifies its people as Mississauga Anishinabeg and follows their movement from the Bay of Quinte to Alderville. A separate account by its native-plant nursery coordinator introduces community-based ecological restoration and education.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. This is an organizational relationship; membership alone does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, citizenship, jurisdiction or representation of another named community.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "A community account of relocation and continuity", "text": "Alderville’s own history begins with its Mississauga Anishinabeg community at the Bay of Quinte and describes settlement at Alderville in the mid-1830s. It places mission schooling and economic change within wider colonial pressures. The account emphasizes that learning new skills did not erase language and cultural identity. This is a community interpretation to read alongside original records, rather than a complete history of every family.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-alderville-history" ] }, { "title": "Restoring grasslands and growing native plants", "text": "Writing in 2021 as the Mitigomin Native Plant Nursery coordinator, Gillian di Petta describes Alderville’s work to restore tallgrass prairie and black oak savanna. Her account connects nursery production with ecological restoration, research and public education. It records a project’s development and ambitions, rather than proving that every planned activity or later environmental outcome was achieved.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-alderville-nursery" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p6-alderville-history", "title": "History", "publisher": "Alderville First Nation", "url": "https://alderville.ca/alderville-first-nation/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "History", "Community voices", "Colonial encounters" ], "annotation": "Complete public history body read. A community account of relocation, missions, assimilation pressures and cultural continuity; the linked treaty and family records were not independently inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Complete public main body, web lines24–30; no author/date stated. Perspective: First Nation public historical interpretation.", "accessNotes": "Actual substantial indexed public body read without an account or challenge. Treaty/mission/family originals uninspected.", "inspectionLimits": "Treaty/mission/family originals uninspected." }, { "id": "p6-alderville-nursery", "title": "From Seed to Savannah", "publisher": "Greenbelt Foundation / Alderville Black Oak Savanna participant", "url": "https://greenbelt.ca/mitigomin_native_plant_nursery/", "type": "Reporting / interview", "topics": [ "Environment", "Community projects", "Education" ], "annotation": "Complete June 2021 participant essay read. The nursery coordinator describes restoration work and project goals from her own role. Published by the funder; her ancestry is not inferred. Plans and ecological claims are dated; later outcomes and underlying measurements were not checked.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "author": "Gillian di Petta", "publicationDate": "2021-06-30", "contentReviewScope": "Complete body and author/date, web lines50–75. Perspective: First-person2021nursery coordinator account hosted by project funder.", "accessNotes": "Actual substantial indexed public body read without an account or challenge. Plans and claimed ecological measurements not independently verified; future completion not inferred.", "inspectionLimits": "Plans and claimed ecological measurements not independently verified; future completion not inferred." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page 18 (zero-based 17), Southeast member-listing block: exact name and explicit ON address locality only. Parenthetical alternate name retained only where printed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "access": "Public PDF selectable text actually inspected; no account or subscription needed for this inspection", "selectedPages": [ 18 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 17 ], "selectedLines": "1875-1877", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections.", "Review community-directed family, language and governance histories beyond these two introductory accounts.", "Inspect original land and mission records with community guidance; no current legal or boundary determination is made.", "Follow restoration and nursery work through later community assessments; no current ecological totals are asserted." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A small, purposefully selected actual-content starting path and specifically scoped credited image are now available. Fuller history, source comparison and community review remain open; quantity does not establish completion.", "remainingLimits": [ "Review community-directed family, language and governance histories beyond these two introductory accounts.", "Inspect original land and mission records with community guidance; no current legal or boundary determination is made.", "Follow restoration and nursery work through later community assessments; no current ecological totals are asserted." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p6-alderville-history", "p6-alderville-nursery" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; fuller history remains open", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-06", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "scopeNote": "A short starting path through selected actual-content works. Read each annotation for the specific community, period and inspection limits; this is not a complete history or community endorsement.", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p6-alderville-history", "reason": "Begin with this account’s identified community perspective and stated scope." }, { "sourceId": "p6-alderville-nursery", "reason": "Follow a different aspect of community life, keeping its date and evidence limits in view." } ], "imageRecordId": "alderville-band-office-2007" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Cohort06: selected actual-content sources and specifically scoped credited imagery form a bounded starting guide. Reused publications/photos are not new global works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "alderville-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "originalId": 10, "name": "Aleut (Unangax̂)", "region": "Alaska / Aleutian Islands, western Alaska Peninsula and Pribilof communities", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Unangax̂ histories connect the Aleutian Islands and western Alaska Peninsula with the Pribilofs, urban Alaska and wider family networks. This reading collection brings community publications into conversation with university resources, survivor recollections, an official wartime investigation and original restitution legislation. It distinguishes regional institutions from individual tribal governments and historical evidence from current conditions.", "sections": [ { "title": "Names, dialects and distinct neighboring peoples", "text": "Unangam Tunuu is the language name. The university introduction distinguishes Eastern and Western dialects and explains Unangan and Unangas as plural forms, alongside singular Unangax̂. Older Russian use of Aleut covered more than one Alaska Native people. Unangax̂ and Alutiiq/Sugpiaq should therefore remain distinct directory entries; a shared colonial label does not make their languages or governments interchangeable.", "sourceIds": [ "ua10-l2" ] }, { "title": "Homelands, colonial movement and distinct institutions", "text": "APIA’s historical synthesis places Unangax̂ homelands across the Aleutian chain, Shumagin Islands and western Alaska Peninsula. It describes Russian fur-trade coercion and the compelled movement of Aleutian villagers to the Pribilof Islands, where year-round settlements developed by the early nineteenth century. These colonial movements form part of community history rather than a single unchanging settlement pattern. The account also distinguishes the Aleut Corporation, a shareholder-owned regional business, from APIA, a nonprofit providing tribal services. Neither institution should be substituted for the governments of individual communities.", "sourceIds": [ "p10-s1" ] }, { "title": "Maritime knowledge and material life", "text": "The NPS introduction describes ulax̂ houses built partly into the ground and seasonal camps supporting harvesting. Skin-covered iqyax̂ kayaks joined carefully fitted frames with waterproof sewing. Animal materials supplied food, clothing, tools and containers; grass weaving produced baskets. These are historical technologies requiring skill and environmental knowledge. The contemporary teaching accounts below help connect this material history with continuing cultural learning.", "sourceIds": [ "p10-s2" ] }, { "title": "One community’s constitutional framework", "text": "The Qawalangin constitution speaks for a particular Unangan government connected with Unalaska, Sedanka and Amaknak islands. Its preamble links self-government with collective cultural, social and economic wellbeing. The posted document provides for a seven-member elected council and protects civil rights, including a qualified right for members to review tribal records. Its certification records an adoption election on May 3, 1997. This is evidence of this government’s constitutional framework at adoption; it does not establish that all Unangax̂ communities share one constitution or that no amendments followed.", "sourceIds": [ "ua10-c3" ] }, { "title": "Environmental oversight in Unalaska", "text": "Qawalangin’s environmental program makes another part of self-government visible: maintaining an inventory, reviewing technical documents, seeking community input and coordinating assessment or cleanup. Its linked public record distinguishes proposed investigation from completed actions and identifies work that remains incomplete. These distinctions matter when learning about the continuing responsibilities created by contamination. The record supports an account of oversight and ongoing work; it is not a general assurance that a listed place is safe or unrestricted.", "sourceIds": [ "ua10-c4" ] }, { "title": "St. Paul priorities in a changing marine economy", "text": "In its February 2023 newsletter, the Aleut Community of St. Paul Island connects economic resilience with the health of the surrounding sea. Leadership describes the crab-fishery crisis and efforts to diversify the island economy. Conservation staff report community engagement around the PRIME initiative and work on Indigenous monitoring, including attention to data sovereignty and intellectual-property rights. These are dated accounts of priorities and work underway, not confirmation that every proposed project was completed. The sanctuary nomination discussed there should not be described as an established marine sanctuary.", "sourceIds": [ "ua10-c5" ] }, { "title": "An urban gathering for cultural learning", "text": "APIA describes its Anchorage culture camp as a gathering connecting participants from the islands, urban Alaska and farther afield. Learning involves different ages: Elders share memories and family connections, children rotate through activities, and older participants choose areas of interest. Activities offered over the years include sewing, basketry and boat-building. The page presents cultural learning as something communities continue to shape in an urban setting. Its historical list of activities should not be read as the schedule for any particular year.", "sourceIds": [ "p10-s7" ] }, { "title": "Literacy as collaborative work", "text": "The university traces writing and teaching materials through work involving Unangax̂ speakers, including William Dirks Sr. and Moses Dirks, alongside linguists. Its CoLang 2016 examples describe reuse of earlier learning materials. This introduction is a route into that history; the linked dictionaries, grammars and digital tools have not all been reviewed here.", "sourceIds": [ "ua10-l2" ] }, { "title": "Teacher preparation and community direction", "text": "APIA describes lesson creation, learning from speakers, intensives and oral proficiency assessment. Its 2019 grant sought a regional teacher-certification pilot; a target of additional teachers is not a measured outcome. Elders, speakers and community members selected through tribal councils advise regional language work. The page also describes Eastern and Atka classes, but its undated timetable is not presented here as a verified current schedule.", "sourceIds": [ "p10-s6" ] }, { "title": "U.S. removal and survival in Southeast Alaska", "text": "After the 1942 attacks, U.S. authorities removed villagers to Southeast Alaska. The NPS account documents makeshift camp buildings, unsafe water, inadequate care and deadly illness. It also describes evacuees finding work, repairing housing and establishing community facilities. These actions belong in the account alongside government neglect: displaced families continued organizing daily life under conditions they had not chosen.", "sourceIds": [ "p10-s3" ] }, { "title": "Wartime decisions and federal responsibility", "text": "The 1982 commission distinguished the Aleut evacuation from Japanese American exclusion: it considered removal from islands under attack a reasonable safety precaution. It nevertheless documented failures to plan, deplorable camps, looted homes and delayed return. Keeping those findings together explains how an evacuation prompted by a real attack became a history of preventable official harm.", "sourceIds": [ "ua10-h4" ] }, { "title": "Attu captivity and the limits of return", "text": "Attu residents faced a separate ordeal: Japanese forces took them to Japan. In Attu Boy, Nick Golodoff recalls confinement, hunger and illness through a child's memories; his granddaughter and editor make their uncertainties visible. His return account describes being sent to Atka, where relatives provided housing. Survival and release therefore did not mean restoration of his former home on Attu.", "sourceIds": [ "ua10-h5" ] }, { "title": "Survivors' advocacy and redress", "text": "Survivors and community members pressed for recognition by recounting traumatic experiences, documenting losses and taking their case to Washington. The NPS restitution account presents this as sustained Unangax̂ organizing. Its survivor perspectives also show why acknowledgment and funds could assist rebuilding without replacing lost relatives, homes or cultural belongings.", "sourceIds": [ "p10-s4" ] }, { "title": "What the 1988 enactment addressed", "text": "Public Law 100–383 acknowledged U.S. failures of care and property protection. Title II separated community losses from individual compensation for defined eligible persons. It addressed Attu land losses principally through compensation while also authorizing limited site conveyances. These historical provisions do not establish that every authorized action occurred or that Attu village was restored.", "sourceIds": [ "ua10-h3" ] }, { "title": "Using archives with their limits in view", "text": "The university archive guide identifies linguistic and educational collections, including materials concerning the Commander Islands. Its finding aid can guide further investigation, but a collection description is not inspection of every item. Reproduction and use restrictions apply to some material; linked records and recordings need their own contextual review.", "sourceIds": [ "ua10-l3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p10-s1", "title": "History: Unangax̂, Coastal People of Far Southwestern Alaska", "publisher": "Aleutian Pribilof Islands Association; Douglas W. Veltre", "url": "https://www.apiai.org/departments/cultural-heritage-department/culture-history/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "History", "Homelands", "Colonialism", "Institutions" ], "annotation": "APIA publishes this substantial condensation by anthropologist Douglas W. Veltre. Selected sections explain homeland geography, colonial coercion, Pribilof settlement and institutional differences. Undated present-day statistics and broad biological or religious generalizations require separate verification.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Read Introduction/Population and Territory, Russian and American Periods, Pribilof Islands, and Unangax̂ Today. This is the web condensation, not inspection of a longer original work.", "publicationDate": "Undated web condensation" }, { "id": "p10-s2", "title": "Unangax̂ History and Culture", "url": "https://home.nps.gov/aleu/learn/historyculture/unangax-history-and-culture.htm", "publisher": "National Park Service", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Maritime life", "Material culture", "Houses", "Basketry" ], "annotation": "Illustrated historical introduction to houses, seasonal camps, maritime harvesting, kayaks and grass basketry. Pair its generalized descriptions with the named community programs below; they are not a statement that every family followed identical practices.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual HTML introduction, homes, hunting/gathering, transportation, tools and clothes sections read. Population-loss estimates, sensitive ritual detail and linked archaeological-site pages not used. A later automated follow-up timed out after the successful content read.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21" }, { "id": "p10-s5", "title": "Tribes: The Aleutian/Pribilof Region", "publisher": "Aleutian Pribilof Islands Association", "url": "https://www.apiai.org/tribes/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Government", "Communities", "Homelands" ], "annotation": "Community directory for navigating to individual tribal settings. This supporting listing is outside the substantive inspected count; linked community pages require their own review.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "contentReviewScope": "Previously accessed directory retained as navigation; no new original-content check claimed in this batch." }, { "id": "ua10-c3", "title": "Constitution of the Qawalangin Tribe of Unalaska", "publisher": "Qawalangin Tribe of Unalaska", "url": "https://www.qawalangin.com/_files/ugd/aba7b3_c683a71f636a4ccfbee2a43571fa1f46.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Self-government", "Constitution", "Rights", "Unalaska" ], "annotation": "A government-authored constitutional document expresses collective purposes, council arrangements and rights. The final page certifies a May 3, 1997 adoption election. The posted copy does not establish whether every subsequent amendment is incorporated or current rules remain unchanged.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Downloaded the 11-page scanned PDF with valid TLS/HTTP 200; visually read pages 1–3 and 10–11. No claim of full-document review or legal currency.", "publicationDate": "Adoption election certified May 3, 1997", "inspectionMethod": "Selected-page visual inspection; no text layer" }, { "id": "ua10-c4", "title": "Brownfields Tribal Response Program and public-record collection", "publisher": "Qawalangin Tribe of Unalaska", "url": "https://www.qawalangin.com/brownfields", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Environment", "Tribal government", "Public participation", "Cleanup" ], "annotation": "The program and linked public record show assessment, monitoring and proposed cleanup as continuing responsibilities. Treat them as one collection. The August 21, 2026 record header conflicts with an older 2024 footer; no general safety clearance or completed remediation is inferred.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Read the substantive program page and the linked two-page public record, including distinctions between recommended, completed and incomplete work. Site coordinates and archaeological locations are not reproduced.", "publicationDate": "Undated program; linked public record headed August 21, 2026", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Brownfield Tribal Response Program Public Record", "url": "https://www.qawalangin.com/_files/ugd/aba7b3_f075fd58c53440088f4ea1dea4f0ed35.pdf", "scope": "Two-page record; selected status/action rows and inconsistent header/footer dates read in extracted PDF text." } ] }, { "id": "ua10-c5", "title": "St. Paul Island Report: 2022 Year End Newsletter", "publisher": "Aleut Community of St. Paul Island Tribal Government", "url": "https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/696734009232f7f7145c6406/69c0d9ed45fcea86fbcb87fc_2022-newsletter.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community perspectives", "Economy", "Ecosystem stewardship", "Monitoring" ], "annotation": "The February 2023 issue supplies leadership and conservation-office perspectives on the 2022 crisis and proposed responses. It is one community-government publication, not evidence of universal agreement, realized project outcomes or present fishery conditions.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Downloaded HTTP 200, 6,645,280 bytes, 11 PDF spreads. Read cover and printed pages 2–5, 14–17 in extracted text; visually checked pages 2–3 and 14–15. Synthesis uses pages 2–3 and 15–16.", "publicationDate": "February 2023; reports on 2022", "landingUrl": "https://www.aleut.com/news" }, { "id": "p10-s7", "title": "Culture Camp", "publisher": "Aleutian Pribilof Islands Association", "url": "https://www.apiai.org/departments/cultural-heritage-department/culture-history/culturecamp/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Culture", "Education", "Diaspora", "Elders" ], "annotation": "A substantive program account describes participation, mentoring and activities offered across different years. Its conflicting 2026/2027 scheduling sentence is excluded. Listed activities do not establish an identical annual curriculum, attendance or measured outcomes.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Read the program description and age-group participation sections, web lines 129–205. Embedded videos, mentor biographies and linked media were not reviewed.", "publicationDate": "Undated program page; contains inconsistent year references" }, { "id": "ua10-l2", "title": "Unangam Tunuu / Aleut: language and literacy introduction", "url": "https://www.uaf.edu/anlc/languages-move/aleut.php", "publisher": "Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks", "type": "University", "topics": [ "Names", "Language", "Literacy", "Collaborative teaching" ], "annotation": "University introduction to names, dialects and collaborative literacy work, followed by descriptions of CoLang 2016 learning projects. Its undated population and speaker estimates are not adopted as current figures. Linked courses, books and recordings need their own inspection.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual language, literacy and CoLang 2016 project descriptions read. Bibliography links observed; full dictionary, grammar, audio and external learning tools not inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21" }, { "id": "p10-s6", "title": "Unangam Tunuu Program", "url": "https://www.apiai.org/cultural-heritage-programs/unangam-tunuu-program/", "publisher": "Aleutian Pribilof Islands Association", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Education", "Community direction" ], "annotation": "Community account of teacher preparation, dialect learning and advisory roles. The 2019 grant states objectives, rather than verified results; a photograph identifies a 2025 intensive. Read for program design, with schedules and outcomes requiring separate confirmation.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual HTML body: 2019 grant, certification activities, community classes, partners and advisory committee; roster explicitly dated 2019. No classes attended, linked recordings played or teaching outcomes independently evaluated.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21" }, { "id": "p10-s3", "title": "Evacuation and Internment", "publisher": "National Park Service", "author": "National Park Service; quoted testimony attributed to named Unangax̂ survivors", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/unangax-internment.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "World War II", "Forced relocation", "Survivor testimony" ], "annotation": "Illustrated account of U.S. removal, inadequate Southeast Alaska camps and evacuees' work rebuilding daily life. Includes attributed survivor excerpts. Read it alongside the commission report for the different rationales of wartime evacuation and prolonged confinement.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Main narrative, photograph captions and attributed testimony above Learn more; update metadata. Opening paragraphs through the community rebuilding/elections discussion. No linked audio, film or camp-specific articles inspected; approximate duration and totals not reused.", "updatedAt": "2025-02-19" }, { "id": "ua10-h4", "title": "Personal Justice Denied, Part II: The Aleuts — War and Evacuation in Alaska", "publisher": "Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians; National Archives full-text copy", "author": "Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians", "url": "https://www.archives.gov/research/japanese-americans/justice-denied/aleuts-page-317.pdf", "type": "Primary document", "topics": [ "Wartime policy", "Federal responsibility", "Forced relocation", "Historical investigation" ], "annotation": "Official 1982 investigation distinguishes evacuation under attack from failures of planning, camp administration and return. Selected opening and concluding pages inspected, rather than the entire report. Read its dated cultural-loss framing alongside contemporary community accounts.", "publishedAt": "1982-12", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Printed pp. 317–323 and 358–359; PDF pages 2–8 and 43–44. Opening policy distinction, agency responsibilities, and Effects of Evacuation conclusion. No whole-report reading claim; dated totals and predictions of cultural disappearance not adopted." }, { "id": "ua10-h5", "title": "Attu Boy", "publisher": "National Park Service, Aleutian World War II National Historic Area, in cooperation with the Aleutian Pribilof Heritage Group", "author": "Nick Golodoff; Rachel Mason, editor; Brenda Maly, preface and transcription", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/aleu/learn/historyculture/upload/Attu-Boy-Full-Publication.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-authored memoir", "topics": [ "Attu", "Japanese captivity", "Return and resettlement", "Family memory" ], "annotation": "Golodoff's childhood recollections are presented with other Attuan accounts and Mason's commentary. Maly explains the uncertainties of early memory. Selected passages on captivity and resettlement provide a personal perspective without treating one narrator as every survivor.", "publishedAt": "2012", "edition": "Second Revised Edition, 2012", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Title/edition; Maly pp. vi–vii; Mason pp. viii–x; Golodoff pp. 67–72 and 91–96. PDF pages 2–3, 8–12, 81–86 and 105–110. Selected memoir passages, not whole book. Archaeological/sensitive ritual detail and personal kinship charts not used." }, { "id": "p10-s4", "title": "Unangax̂ Restitution", "publisher": "National Park Service", "author": "National Park Service; survivor perspectives excerpted from Aleut Story", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/aleu/learn/historyculture/unangax-restitution.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Redress", "Survivor advocacy", "Community losses" ], "annotation": "Explains survivors' testimony, advocacy and the limits of financial redress, with excerpts attributed to Flore Lekanof and Alice Snigaroff Petrivelli. Its legal summary should be checked against the original statute.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Seek Justice, Act of 1988, both legal-summary panels, Legacy of Injustice, credits and date. Headings and expanded text of the accessible HTML. Original film not viewed. Title I's Japanese American apology is not automatically an identical Aleut provision.", "updatedAt": "2024-10-16" }, { "id": "ua10-h3", "title": "Public Law 100–383: §2(b) and Title II, Aleutian and Pribilof Islands Restitution Act", "publisher": "United States Congress; Statutes at Large via GovInfo", "author": "United States Congress", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-102/pdf/STATUTE-102-Pg903.pdf", "type": "Primary document", "topics": [ "1988 restitution", "Community property", "Attu lands", "Historical law" ], "annotation": "Original law enacted August 10, 1988. Distinguishes congressional findings, defined individual eligibility, community-loss compensation and Attu land restitution. This historical enactment is more precise than a general account of compensation.", "publishedAt": "1988-08-10", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Selected original enactment: §1(5), §2(b), Title II §§201–207, 102 Stat. 903–904 and 911–916. Independent reviewer also read the §207(e) continuation. Historical authorization, not proof of payment or conveyance; no current-law or eligibility advice." }, { "id": "ua10-l3", "title": "Guide to the Unangan (Aleut) Language Collection", "url": "https://www.uaf.edu/anla/collections/aleut/", "publisher": "Alaska Native Language Archive, University of Alaska Fairbanks", "type": "Archive", "topics": [ "Language archives", "Finding aid", "Research access" ], "annotation": "Finding aid describes historical word lists, manuscripts, educational materials and dialect organization. It helps readers locate future research and notes reproduction restrictions; it does not substitute for reading the individual works or listening to recordings.", "contentReviewScope": "Collection abstract, language information, scope and content notes inspected; no individual archival item inspected through this guide. Supporting reference, outside substantive count.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 12 ], "relationshipNote": "Unangax̂/Aleut and Alutiiq/Sugpiaq are distinct peoples and languages. Russian colonial use of Aleut for more than one people can obscure that distinction. Individual Unangax̂ tribes and regional organizations require separate identification.", "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "researchGaps": [ "Extend community-specific coverage beyond the two government examples, including women, families and differing island perspectives; this introduction is not representative of every community.", "Read stronger community and specialist evidence for early history, Russian-period change, and Commander Islands communities. The archive finding aid alone does not fill those gaps.", "Verify contemporary language outcomes, constitutional amendments, fishery conditions and project status before adding present-day figures or advice.", "Review additional camp-specific survivor accounts and the later implementation of redress; the selected memoir and report passages are not full-book reviews.", "Seek community review; source quantity and introductory adequacy do not imply endorsement or completed research." ], "preferredName": "Unangax̂; Unangan / Unangas", "searchTerms": [ "Unangan", "Unangas", "Unangam Tunuu", "Qawalangin", "St. Paul Island" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Adequate initial introduction", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "rationale": "Thirteen substantive distinct works or bounded collections were inspected within stated scopes. Community history, two government examples, teaching programs, university language context, selected survivor memoir passages, a wartime investigation and original redress legislation support a useful educational introduction. A directory and archival finding aid remain outside the substantive target. Coverage is broad enough to continue alphabetically, while the gaps below remain open.", "remainingLimits": [ "Selected excerpts do not establish full-work review or current conditions.", "Many community viewpoints and specialist historical questions remain underrepresented." ] }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Renewals replace six older source cards; they are not additional works. The Qawalangin program and linked public record count as one collection. NPS update dates are not original publication dates. Inspection scope is visible on each reviewed source card.", "The 1988 law distinguishes forms of redress; its Attu provision includes a limited conveyance authorization. Statutory authorization does not prove implementation. No community review or research completion is claimed." ], "overviewSourceIds": [ "p10-s1", "p10-s7", "ua10-c3", "ua10-h4", "ua10-h3" ], "added": false, "slug": "aleut-unangax", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "added": true, "name": "Algonquin", "region": "Northeast / Québec / Ontario", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Use this broader directory label to find community-specific Algonquin voices. The selected starting path here deliberately focuses on Pikwàkanagàn, a named First Nation at Golden Lake, and its public cultural institution. It is one entry point into a much wider subject, rather than an inventory or a shared institutional account for every Algonquin community.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Algonquin or Anicinàbe is a people’s name within wider Anishinaabe contexts, with communities in Québec and Ontario.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language, distinct First Nations, territorial histories and the difference between Algonquin and the broader linguistic term Algonquian. Start with the annotated sources and compare each publisher’s scope and perspective.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1", "added-s2", "added-s3" ] }, { "title": "Start with an individually named community", "text": "Pikwàkanagàn’s history is a community account of land and water relationships, colonial disruption and continuity. It gives the broader Algonquin reading route a specific voice and setting. Its statements should remain attributed to that community; they do not establish identical experiences, institutions or views among all Algonquin communities. Broader history and other community accounts remain important next steps.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-pikw-history" ] }, { "title": "Language work with a stated community scope", "text": "The account of Omàmiwininì Pimàdjwowin describes a cultural organization formed through Pikwàkanagàn community and Council consultation. Its mission includes language teaching and cultural preservation. This example shows why a directory should identify both a broader people name and individual community institutions. The organization is not a separate nation, and its account is not evidence of language outcomes across the whole Algonquin world.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-pikw-cultural-centre" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "added-s1", "title": "The Land that Talks: A multimedia tour of Algonquin place names", "publisher": "algonquinnation.ca", "url": "https://www.algonquinnation.ca/toponym/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “The Land that Talks: A multimedia tour of Algonquin place names” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "added-s2", "title": "Algonquin Nation Secretariat", "publisher": "algonquinnation.ca", "url": "https://www.algonquinnation.ca/Docs/BasicMaterialCulture.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Algonquin Nation Secretariat” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "added-s3", "title": "Constitution 2023 HTML — Antoine Nation", "publisher": "antoinenation.ca", "url": "https://antoinenation.ca/algonquin-antoine-nation-constitution-", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Constitution 2023 HTML — Antoine Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p6-pikw-history", "title": "Our History", "publisher": "Algonquins of Pikwàkanagàn First Nation", "url": "https://www.algonquinsofpikwakanagan.com/pikwakanagan/our-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led / community-published", "topics": [ "History", "Community voices", "Continuity" ], "annotation": "A community-published introduction, with history and responsibilities explained in its own voice. Read alongside further historical records; this does not represent every Algonquin community.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Complete public historical body lines 55–59 read. Public self-description of land/water relationships, colonial disruption, continuity and responsibilities. Archaeological dates, the precise 1603 encounter attribution, present legal claims and the linked membership materials were not adopted.", "accessNotes": "Actual selected public content inspected without account or subscription; linked original records, media and cited publications remain outside this review unless expressly stated.", "publicationDate": "Undated; access date is not a publication date" }, { "id": "p6-pikw-cultural-centre", "title": "Omàmiwininì Pimàdjwowin — The Algonquin Way Cultural Centre", "publisher": "Algonquins of Pikwàkanagàn First Nation", "url": "https://www.algonquinsofpikwakanagan.com/pikwakanagan/the-algonquin-way-cultural-centre-omamiwinini-pimadjwowin/", "type": "Indigenous-led / community-published", "topics": [ "Language", "Cultural institutions", "Community projects" ], "annotation": "Explains the named community’s cultural organization and its public language-preservation mission. A cultural corporation is not a separate people or government; stated aims are not evaluated outcomes.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Complete public substantive body lines 56–60 read, including its mission, the stated 2002 formation through community/council consultation and language teaching role. The charity register, internal records, teaching resources and linked centre website were not inspected.", "accessNotes": "Actual selected public content inspected without account or subscription; linked original records, media and cited publications remain outside this review unless expressly stated.", "publicationDate": "Undated; access date is not a publication date" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 14, 265 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "overviewSourceIds": [ "p6-pikw-history", "p6-pikw-cultural-centre" ], "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; fuller history remains open", "researchGaps": [ "Add other Algonquin First Nations’ own histories and educational work; this starting path intentionally covers only one community example.", "Inspect the original Algonquin Nation Secretariat material-culture and place-name leads before using their claims.", "The term Algonquin and the wider linguistic label Algonquian have different scopes; detailed naming history needs fuller source review." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A small, purposefully selected actual-content starting path and specifically scoped credited image are now available. Fuller history, source comparison and community review remain open; quantity does not establish completion.", "remainingLimits": [ "Add other Algonquin First Nations’ own histories and educational work; this starting path intentionally covers only one community example.", "Inspect the original Algonquin Nation Secretariat material-culture and place-name leads before using their claims.", "The term Algonquin and the wider linguistic label Algonquian have different scopes; detailed naming history needs fuller source review." ] }, "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-06", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "scopeNote": "A short starting path through selected actual-content works. Read each annotation for the specific community, period and inspection limits; this is not a complete history or community endorsement.", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p6-pikw-history", "reason": "Begin with one explicitly identified Algonquin community rather than an unsourced generalization." }, { "sourceId": "p6-pikw-cultural-centre", "reason": "Follow a public cultural-institution account whose community scope is clear." } ], "imageRecordId": "c6-algonquin-golden-lake" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Cohort06: selected actual-content sources and specifically scoped credited imagery form a bounded starting guide. Reused publications/photos are not new global works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "algonquin", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "name": "Algonquins of Pikwàkanagàn", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — listing address only", "overview": "The Algonquins of Pikwàkanagàn are an individually named Algonquin First Nation at Golden Lake and the Bonnechere River in Ontario. Its own public accounts connect land and water, cultural continuity and responsibilities to future generations. Begin with those community voices and the account of its cultural centre; detailed family and institutional histories remain open.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. This is an organizational relationship; membership alone does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, citizenship, jurisdiction or representation of another named community.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "A public account of history and responsibilities", "text": "The First Nation’s history explains an enduring relationship with land and water, the disruptions of colonization and the continuation of language and teachings. It presents balance, reciprocity and responsibilities to later generations as part of the community’s own account. The linked archaeological chronology and original encounter records were not checked here, so this introduction does not convert every date in the public summary into a separately verified finding.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-pikw-history" ] }, { "title": "A community cultural institution", "text": "The First Nation describes Omàmiwininì Pimàdjwowin as a cultural organization established in 2002 through consultation with members and Council. Its stated work includes protecting cultural traditions and teaching Algonquin language. This is a specific institutional route into public learning, not a separate tribal government or evidence of measurable language outcomes. Private materials and internal membership processes are outside this review.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-pikw-cultural-centre" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p6-pikw-history", "title": "Our History", "publisher": "Algonquins of Pikwàkanagàn First Nation", "url": "https://www.algonquinsofpikwakanagan.com/pikwakanagan/our-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led / community-published", "topics": [ "History", "Community voices", "Continuity" ], "annotation": "A community-published introduction, with history and responsibilities explained in its own voice. Read alongside further historical records; this does not represent every Algonquin community.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Complete public historical body lines 55–59 read. Public self-description of land/water relationships, colonial disruption, continuity and responsibilities. Archaeological dates, the precise 1603 encounter attribution, present legal claims and the linked membership materials were not adopted.", "accessNotes": "Actual selected public content inspected without account or subscription; linked original records, media and cited publications remain outside this review unless expressly stated.", "publicationDate": "Undated; access date is not a publication date" }, { "id": "p6-pikw-cultural-centre", "title": "Omàmiwininì Pimàdjwowin — The Algonquin Way Cultural Centre", "publisher": "Algonquins of Pikwàkanagàn First Nation", "url": "https://www.algonquinsofpikwakanagan.com/pikwakanagan/the-algonquin-way-cultural-centre-omamiwinini-pimadjwowin/", "type": "Indigenous-led / community-published", "topics": [ "Language", "Cultural institutions", "Community projects" ], "annotation": "Explains the named community’s cultural organization and its public language-preservation mission. A cultural corporation is not a separate people or government; stated aims are not evaluated outcomes.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Complete public substantive body lines 56–60 read, including its mission, the stated 2002 formation through community/council consultation and language teaching role. The charity register, internal records, teaching resources and linked centre website were not inspected.", "accessNotes": "Actual selected public content inspected without account or subscription; linked original records, media and cited publications remain outside this review unless expressly stated.", "publicationDate": "Undated; access date is not a publication date" } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page 18 (zero-based 17), Southeast member-listing block: exact name and explicit ON address locality only. Parenthetical alternate name retained only where printed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "access": "Public PDF selectable text actually inspected; no account or subscription needed for this inspection", "selectedPages": [ 18 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 17 ], "selectedLines": "1880-1882", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections.", "Review community-directed family histories, original records and later institutional histories.", "Assess the public language-learning materials themselves before describing their content or results.", "Current legal instruments, membership, archaeological chronology and boundaries are not determined by these introductory pages." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A small, purposefully selected actual-content starting path and specifically scoped credited image are now available. Fuller history, source comparison and community review remain open; quantity does not establish completion.", "remainingLimits": [ "Review community-directed family histories, original records and later institutional histories.", "Assess the public language-learning materials themselves before describing their content or results.", "Current legal instruments, membership, archaeological chronology and boundaries are not determined by these introductory pages." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p6-pikw-history", "p6-pikw-cultural-centre" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; fuller history remains open", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-06", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "scopeNote": "A short starting path through selected actual-content works. Read each annotation for the specific community, period and inspection limits; this is not a complete history or community endorsement.", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p6-pikw-history", "reason": "Begin with the First Nation’s own public historical introduction." }, { "sourceId": "p6-pikw-cultural-centre", "reason": "Learn about a specifically named community cultural and language institution." } ], "imageRecordId": "c6-algonquin-golden-lake" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Cohort06: selected actual-content sources and specifically scoped credited imagery form a bounded starting guide. Reused publications/photos are not new global works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "algonquins-of-pikwakanagan", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "name": "Allakaket Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Allakaket Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 801; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "allakaket-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 11, "name": "Alsea", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Oregon", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Alsea histories connect the central Oregon coast with families and the Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians. This collection follows river-valley names, dispossession, political continuity, an Alsea photographer and historical language documentation. It distinguishes Alsea people from the multi-people federal subagency and places confederated accounts and neighboring witnesses in their stated contexts.", "sections": [ { "title": "People, river valleys and place names", "text": "The educational place-name account describes Alsea and Yaquina as central-coast peoples and connects their names with river valleys. Ya’xaik is the Alsea village name behind the later English Yachats. A village, a river valley, a language variety, the present town and the later federal subagency are different subjects. Keeping them distinct makes the historical record easier to follow without turning all reservation residents into one people.", "sourceIds": [ "p11-s1" ] }, { "title": "Alsea continuity within a confederated community", "text": "The Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians includes Alsea among its ancestral peoples while emphasizing that each has a distinct history, culture and legal relationship. The Tribe also explains that many members identify their ancestry through particular villages or bands. Alsea continuity within Siletz therefore need not erase those more specific family connections, nor imply that the many ancestral peoples became culturally interchangeable.", "sourceIds": [ "p11-s3" ] }, { "title": "A people and an administrative institution", "text": "The Alsea Subagency was a federal administrative institution, rather than another name for all Alsea people. David Lewis describes its officials managing Alsea, Siuslaw, Lower Umpqua, Coos and Coquille communities. Its later closure therefore affected several distinct peoples. His account also follows people who moved to Siletz and others who remained in off-reservation homelands; closure of the institution did not mean disappearance of its former residents or their descendants.", "sourceIds": [ "p11-s4" ] }, { "title": "Resource pressure and loss of reservation land", "text": "Lewis's oyster-rush study places reservation reduction within a struggle over resources. Miners, harvesters and squatters sought access to Yaquina Bay while federal agents attempted to exclude unauthorized settlers. Commercial demand for oysters linked the bay to San Francisco markets. This account connects land opening with economic and political pressure, rather than portraying removal as an isolated administrative adjustment. Its setting encompasses several coastal peoples, including Alsea and Yaquina communities.", "sourceIds": [ "as11-h2" ] }, { "title": "Remembering occupied homelands and objections to removal", "text": "The Tribe’s account of reservation reduction disputes the official claim that coastal land was unoccupied or unwanted. It specifically describes Alsea and Yaquina villages still occupied by their people during the 1860s. Its later article recounts Yachats residents’ resistance to another removal. Read alongside the federal records, this perspective keeps residents’ presence and objections visible when administrative documents describe land being opened to settlers.", "sourceIds": [ "p11-s3" ] }, { "title": "How consolidation was argued in Congress", "text": "The February 1875 Senate debate presents a proposal to remove people from Alsea and Siletz reservation lands into a smaller designated area and open the remainder to settlement. Senator Mitchell justified consolidation partly by eliminating the expense of a second agent. Other senators questioned procedure and funding. This is evidence of how officials argued for the measure; it neither establishes community agreement nor substitutes for checking the subsequently enacted law.", "sourceIds": [ "as11-h4" ] }, { "title": "Reading testimony from the shared reservation system", "text": "In Lewis's abridged presentation of 1931 claims testimony, Annie Peterson identifies herself as Coos and recalls hardship at Yahaats and assistance from Siuslaw people afterward. Other witnesses describe work, inadequate provisions and movement between communities. These accounts help readers understand the wider Alsea reservation system. Their named community affiliations and differing firsthand knowledge should remain visible; they cannot be silently converted into testimony about every Alsea family's experience.", "sourceIds": [ "as11-h3" ] }, { "title": "An Alsea photographer and the power of representation", "text": "Siletz’s photography lesson identifies Thomas C. Jackson as Alsea, with family from near present-day Waldport. It follows his return to Siletz after studying photography and his work making portraits, community scenes and landscapes. The lesson asks readers to consider how Native people represented themselves and their families, rather than treating every historical photograph as an outsider’s record of disappearance. Jackson’s photographs offer a concrete Alsea connection to that history.", "sourceIds": [ "p11-s6" ] }, { "title": "Termination, organizing and restoration", "text": "The Tribe’s restoration lesson distinguishes the 1954 termination law from its implementation in 1956. Its account describes the loss of services and land alongside Siletz families’ grassroots organizing to regain federal recognition in 1977. This is a confederated political history relevant to Alsea descendants within Siletz. A change in federal recognition should not be read as the disappearance and later recreation of the people themselves.", "sourceIds": [ "p11-s6" ] }, { "title": "A participant in the restoration movement", "text": "Addressing the Senate in 1976, Siletz council member Pauline Bell Ricks described rebuilding the council through elections, meetings and community participation. She explained that people who had moved away for work still understood Siletz as home and returned for gatherings and the restoration campaign. Her testimony adds a participant’s account of continued relationships during termination. It speaks to the confederated community; it should not be recast as testimony from a separately identified Alsea government.", "sourceIds": [ "al11-c3" ] }, { "title": "Contemporary priorities for coastal land return", "text": "An October 2026 report records Siletz officials discussing a proposed coastal land return near Yachats. Council member Alfred Lane IV connects the place with memories of people confined at the Alsea Subagency, while natural resources director Angela Sondenaa discusses renewed stewardship and gathering opportunities. The article describes the transfer as still underway, so it supports a dated account of community priorities and expectations, rather than confirmation of completed ownership or a separate Alsea-only landholding.", "sourceIds": [ "al11-c4" ] }, { "title": "Named speakers and the making of a historical record", "text": "Frachtenberg’s introduction names William Smith and Thomas Jackson among the Alsea contributors to his work and identifies earlier material collected by Livingston Farrand. He explains revising transcription and arranging translated texts. The vocabulary introduction also describes combining records from different investigators. These editorial choices shaped the published record; its limitations and colonial judgments should remain visible rather than being treated as a complete inventory of Alsea knowledge.", "sourceIds": [ "al11-r2" ] }, { "title": "What the noun-phrase study reveals", "text": "Buckley examines how Alsea noun phrases identify a referent, express possession and mark relationships such as movement toward a place. His study follows small grammatical elements whose placement depends on phrase structure, including a marker that appears after different words as the phrase changes. He also identifies questions the available texts cannot settle. These patterns and proposed explanations offer a focused introduction to grammar, rather than a complete teaching course or a present-day language-use survey.", "sourceIds": [ "al11-l1" ] }, { "title": "How an event unfolds in recorded Alsea", "text": "Buckley’s study asks how Alsea verbs present an event’s beginning, end or resulting state. He argues that suffixes do more than correspond to English past-tense translations: context can make the same form appear differently in English. His comparison of earlier transcriptions and translations shows why wording in a translated text may conceal a grammatical distinction. This is a proposed analysis of recorded language, rather than evidence about present speakers or the continuity of Alsea families.", "sourceIds": [ "al11-l2" ] }, { "title": "Archives preserve distinct languages and research histories", "text": "The Smithsonian finding aid identifies Alsea texts and notes alongside a separate Lower Umpqua grammatical index. It also records corrected notebook authorship. Shared storage does not establish that these are the same language. Likewise, the state teaching account identifies Siletz Dee-ni as a Dené language; the confederation’s name does not make all its language resources Alsea lessons.", "sourceIds": [ "p11-s5", "p11-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p11-s1", "title": "Selected English Place Names with Indigenous Origins in Western Oregon", "url": "https://www.oregon.gov/ode/students-and-family/equity/NativeAmericanEducation/Documents/SB13%20Curriculum/Selected_English_Place_Names_from_Indigenous_Languages.pdf", "publisher": "Oregon Department of Education; Tribal History/Shared History", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Homelands", "Names", "Language distinctions" ], "annotation": "Educational account connects Alsea and Yaquina names with river valleys and distinguishes Ya’xaik from later English spellings. Its neighboring-language sections help prevent conflation. Use the stated historical scope, rather than treating modern administrative regions as Indigenous boundaries.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual PDF pages 1–2 read, plus Dee-ni language introduction on pages 3–4. No full nine-page review or inspection of its cited works claimed. Sensitive burial detail omitted from synthesis.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21" }, { "id": "p11-s3", "title": "Our Heritage history series: Introduction and the reservation reductions", "publisher": "Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians", "url": "https://ctsi.nsn.us/introduction/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Continuity", "Homelands", "Dispossession" ], "annotation": "The Tribe’s substantive history identifies Alsea within the confederation and challenges official accounts of empty land and consent. Three related articles form one unit; general regional practices are not assigned uniformly to Alsea.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Read Introduction, lines 128–139; the substantive 1865 article, lines 128–153; and the 1875 article, lines 128–155. Individual authorship and original publication dates are not stated on these pages.", "publicationDate": "Undated web history series", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Executive Order, December 21, 1865", "url": "https://ctsi.nsn.us/executive-order-december-21-1865/" }, { "title": "Changing Federal Policy & Reduction of the Coast Reservation by Act of Congress, 1875", "url": "https://ctsi.nsn.us/changing-federal-policy-reduction-of-the-coast-reservation-by-act-of-congress-1875/" } ] }, { "id": "p11-s4", "title": "Alsea Subagency of Siletz Reservation", "publisher": "Oregon Encyclopedia / Oregon Historical Society", "author": "David G. Lewis", "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/alsea_subagency_of_siletz_reservation/", "type": "Indigenous-authored history", "topics": [ "Federal administration", "Dispossession", "Continuity" ], "annotation": "Substantive account of the multi-people subagency, land reductions, removal and descendant communities. Its administrative labels must be separated from Alsea identity. Use the 1865 executive-order chronology rather than repeating the article's congressional attribution.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Entire main historical narrative, bibliography and update metadata; article paragraphs beginning September 1856 through descendants. 1865 congressional attribution is inaccurate; distinguish the December 21 executive order from 1875 legislation. Descendant governments listed concern all subagency peoples, not every Alsea family.", "updatedAt": "2024-11-01" }, { "id": "as11-h2", "title": "Opening the Coast Reservation: the Oyster Harvest Rush 1863–1866", "publisher": "The Quartux Journal / Critical Indigenous Perspectives", "author": "David G. Lewis", "url": "https://ndnhistoryresearch.com/2017/04/06/splitting-the-coast-reservation-the-oyster-harvest-rush-1863-1866/", "type": "Indigenous-authored history", "topics": [ "Resource extraction", "Settler encroachment", "Reservation reduction" ], "annotation": "Connects settler intrusion at Yaquina with mining rumors, commercial oyster harvesting and pressure to open reservation land. Useful for the economic setting of Alsea-area displacement, with the broader multi-people Coast Reservation scope retained.", "publishedAt": "2017-04-06", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Main authored essay, especially Huntington's responses, oyster trade, and Reduction of Coast reservation in 1865 paragraphs. Embedded archival images not independently transcribed/read. Acreage, jurisdictional conclusions, unrelated peoples' losses and the essay's Congress-in-1865 wording not adopted." }, { "id": "as11-h4", "title": "Congressional Record, February 20, 1875: Alsea and Siletz reservation amendment debate", "publisher": "United States Congress; GovInfo", "author": "United States Senate; remarks and proposal by Senator John H. Mitchell, with other senators", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1875-pt2-v3/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1875-pt2-v3-21-1.pdf", "type": "Primary document", "topics": [ "Reservation reduction", "Legislative debate", "Federal administration" ], "annotation": "Selected Senate debate exposes the proposal's removal and settlement-opening language and Mitchell's cost-saving rationale. It records legislative argument and procedural decisions, not affected communities' consent or an independently inspected final enactment.", "publishedAt": "1875-02-20", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Printed pp. 1528–1529 (PDF pages 9–10): Mitchell proposal/rationale, funding debate and procedural disposition. OCR columns interleave; keep procedural claims narrow. The committee-stage amendment's adoption does not establish final statutory language or implementation." }, { "id": "as11-h3", "title": "Oral Histories of Native Experiences at Yahaats Sub-Agency", "publisher": "The Quartux Journal / Critical Indigenous Perspectives", "author": "David G. Lewis; named witnesses in an abridged 1931 Coos claims transcript", "url": "https://ndnhistoryresearch.com/2017/12/06/oral-histories-of-native-experiences-at-yahaats-sub-agency/", "type": "Edited historical testimony", "topics": [ "Shared reservation history", "Coos witness perspectives", "Labor", "Displacement" ], "annotation": "Lewis presents abridged Coos claims testimony about Yahaats within the Alsea reservation system. Witnesses distinguish their experiences, movements and knowledge. This is direct shared-institutional history, not Alsea-authored testimony or a statement of Alsea cultural practices. Inspected contextual reading, outside the Alsea substantive target.", "publishedAt": "2017-12-06", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "scopeClassification": "Shared reservation-system context; witnesses largely concern Coos communities", "contentReviewScope": "Introductory scope/abridgment explanation and printed testimony excerpts, especially George W. Jackson, James Buchanan, Frank Drew and Annie Peterson. Original 1931 court transcript not independently read. No aggregate death rate, compensation chronology or broad legal conclusion adopted. Reader comments excluded.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p11-s6", "title": "Tribal History/Shared History: selected photography, termination and restoration lessons", "publisher": "Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians", "url": "https://ctsi.nsn.us/sb-13-curriculum/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Alsea photographer", "Education", "Representation", "Termination", "Restoration" ], "annotation": "Actual tribal lesson PDFs provide Alsea-specific Jackson history and wider confederated political context. Count the collection once. Their treatment of photographs does not establish image-reproduction permission.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Read photography lesson pages 1–5, termination pages 1–4 and restoration pages 1–4. Visually checked photography pages 3–4 and restoration page 3; other selected pages were read as PDF text.", "publicationDate": "Undated lesson texts; URLs filed in December 2023", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Whose Lens? Photography and Representation — Grade 11", "url": "https://ctsi.nsn.us/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Whose-Lens_Grade-11_Lesson-Plan.pdf", "scope": "Selected pages 1–5 of 18; synthesis uses pages 3–4." }, { "title": "The Termination Era — Grade 10", "url": "https://ctsi.nsn.us/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Siletz_Termination_Era_Grade-10_Lesson-Plan.pdf", "scope": "Selected pages 1–4 of 18." }, { "title": "The Restoration Movement, 1956–1977 — Grade 10", "url": "https://ctsi.nsn.us/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Siletz_Grade10_Restoration_Movement_Lesson_Plan.pdf", "scope": "Selected pages 1–4 of 16; 1954/1956 distinction on page 1, restoration account on page 3." } ] }, { "id": "al11-c3", "title": "Siletz Restoration Act hearings: selected tribal testimony, March 30–31, 1976", "publisher": "United States Senate; tribal testimony republished for the Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians curriculum", "url": "https://ctsi.nsn.us/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Excerpts-from-Senate-Hearing-on-Siletz-Restoration-Act-1976-03-30.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Community testimony", "Continuity", "Restoration", "Political organizing" ], "annotation": "Pauline Bell Ricks supplies an Indigenous first-person account within a federal hearing. This is confederated testimony, not proof of her Alsea ancestry, unanimity or a separate Alsea government. The teaching extract omits intervening pages.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Read cover and PDF pages 2–5, corresponding to printed pages 39, 42–43 and 45; visually checked printed page 39. Proposed synthesis uses Ricks on page 39 only.", "publicationDate": "Hearings March 30–31, 1976", "sourceUnit": "One federal hearing; selected tribal-authored testimony" }, { "id": "al11-c4", "title": "After More Than 170 Years, Siletz Tribe To Reclaim Ceded Land", "publisher": "Underscore Native News; Brian Bull", "url": "https://www.underscore.news/land/land-back/after-more-than-170-years-siletz-tribe-to-reclaim-ceded-land/", "type": "Reporting / interview", "topics": [ "Community perspectives", "Land return", "Stewardship", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Interviews and a Siletz council statement connect prospective coastal land return with community memory and stewardship. The article still describes transfer as pending. Its compressed historical chronology is not used to date earlier reservation reductions.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete substantive article, lines 63–106, including the pending-transaction paragraph. No photographs, precise parcel location, legal title conclusions or invitation-only access arrangements are reproduced.", "publicationDate": "October 1, 2026; page also displays October 13, 2026" }, { "id": "al11-r2", "title": "Alsea Texts and Myths: methodological and vocabulary introductions", "url": "https://archive.org/details/alseatextsandmy00fracgoog", "publisher": "Bureau of American Ethnology, Government Printing Office; public scan hosted by Internet Archive", "type": "Historical linguistic publication", "topics": [ "Language documentation", "Named contributors", "Editorial methods", "Historical perspective" ], "annotation": "Frachtenberg’s historical edition records contributions from named Alsea speakers and explains editorial and vocabulary methods. Read its early twentieth-century judgments critically. Neither its predictions about language nor its narrow surviving sample establishes disappearance of Alsea people or the limits of community knowledge.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual public scan-derived OCR read for printed pages 9–11 and 243–245; title and 1920 imprint checked. No full-book, narrative or recording review. OCR can corrupt transcription. Smithsonian PDF was size-blocked by web reader and returned403 through ordinary download; this lawful public copy supplied actual text.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "author": "Leo J. Frachtenberg; named Alsea contributors discussed in the introduction", "publishedAt": "1920", "inspectedTextUrl": "https://archive.org/download/alseatextsandmy00fracgoog/alseatextsandmy00fracgoog_djvu.txt", "canonicalRepositoryUrl": "https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/15534", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Public scan-derived text: methodological introductions", "url": "https://archive.org/download/alseatextsandmy00fracgoog/alseatextsandmy00fracgoog_djvu.txt", "scope": "Printed pages9–11 and243–245 inspected; other contents not reviewed." } ] }, { "id": "al11-l1", "title": "The Alsea Noun Phrase", "author": "Eugene Buckley", "publisher": "Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics, University of Kansas; full article copy in ERIC", "url": "https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED344478.pdf", "landingUrl": "https://journals.ku.edu/kwpl/article/view/17342", "doi": "10.17161/KWPL.1808.577", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Language", "Grammar", "Possession", "Language documentation" ], "publicationDate": "1989", "citation": "Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics 14(2), Studies in Native American Languages V, pp. 20–36.", "annotation": "Focused analysis of Alsea noun phrases, possession and small grammatical elements whose placement depends on phrase structure. Buckley explicitly identifies gaps in the recorded evidence. Selected descriptive and analytical pages were read; this is not a complete teaching grammar or a present-use survey.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Actual article, printed pp. 20–22,26–28,33–36 (ERIC PDF pp. 2–4,8–10,15–18), read in extracted text. Includes descriptive examples, formal analysis, evidentiary limits and notes; not just the ERIC abstract.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "inspectedSubresources": [ { "url": "https://journals.ku.edu/kwpl/article/view/17342", "scope": "Publisher article metadata, author, DOI, 1989 year, 20–36 page range and CC BY 4.0 license statement." } ] }, { "id": "al11-l2", "title": "Temporal Boundaries in Alsea", "author": "Eugene Buckley", "publisher": "Proceedings of the Berkeley Linguistics Society; online publisher Linguistic Society of America", "url": "https://journals.linguisticsociety.org/proceedings/index.php/BLS/article/download/1789/1561/1756", "landingUrl": "https://journals.linguisticsociety.org/proceedings/index.php/BLS/article/view/1789", "doi": "10.3765/bls.v14i0.1789", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Language", "Aspect", "Translation", "Language documentation" ], "publicationDate": "1988", "citation": "Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, pp. 10–22.", "annotation": "Proposes an analysis of how Alsea verbs mark events' beginnings, endings and resulting states. Comparisons with English translations show why context matters. Selected scanned pages, including the conclusion and source notes, were visually read; historical linguistic analysis does not establish contemporary speaker numbers.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Actual scanned article, printed pp. 10–12 and 17–21 (full PDF pp. 2–4 and 9–13), visually read after rendering. Publisher cover and article metadata also inspected. Intervening pp. 13–16 and final notes/reference page 22 were not read.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "inspectedSubresources": [ { "url": "https://journals.linguisticsociety.org/proceedings/index.php/BLS/article/view/1789", "scope": "Author, DOI,1988 proceedings and 10–22 range; portal lists publication date 1988-10-25. The source card conservatively records the proceedings year." } ] }, { "id": "p11-s5", "title": "MS 2516: Alsea and Lower Umpqua texts and notes", "url": "https://sova.si.edu/record/naa.ms2516?i=8677&n=10&q=National+Institute&s=8670&t=C", "publisher": "Smithsonian National Anthropological Archives", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Finding aid", "Language archives", "Authorship" ], "annotation": "Finding aid distinguishes Alsea notebooks from a Lower Umpqua grammatical index and records corrections to notebook authorship. This describes holdings and research routes; it does not turn every linked manuscript into an inspected work.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual finding-aid summary and scope/content notes read. No linked manuscript images or recordings inspected. Supporting reference outside the substantive target.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p11-s2", "title": "Alsea (Alcea)", "publisher": "Oregon Encyclopedia; William G. Robbins", "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/alsea_alcea_/", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Homelands", "Travel", "Place names" ], "annotation": "Primarily an article about the modern town. Its short opening provides regional historical orientation; retain as supporting reading, outside substantive Alsea depth. The logging history is town history, not an account of all Alsea people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 384, 413 ], "relationshipNote": "Alsea is one ancestral people within the Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians. The Alsea Subagency administered several distinct peoples. Siletz Dee-ni (Athabaskan/Dené) teaching resources do not represent the Alsea language.", "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "researchGaps": [ "Seek further specifically Alsea family and community perspectives, including contemporary language relationships and cultural practice, without substituting generic Siletz activities.", "Read the final1875 enacted provision and the original1865 order directly; a Senate debate is not the enacted law, and authorial summaries can contain chronology errors.", "The edited Coos testimony concerns shared reservation history; its witnesses must not be relabeled Alsea or used to fill Alsea-specific depth.", "Historical linguistic studies draw on overlapping older corpora. Their analysis and transcription limits do not establish current language use or disappearance of people.", "The October2026 coastal-transfer report describes an ongoing transaction. Completion, title and present access require later verified evidence.", "Historical photographs are research leads for a later design phase; attribution, rights and cultural context must be checked before any reuse. Community review remains open." ], "overviewSourceIds": [ "p11-s1", "p11-s3", "p11-s4", "p11-s6" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Adequate initial introduction", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "rationale": "Eleven substantive works or conservatively grouped collections were inspected, with three supporting cards outside the target. Actual tribal lessons and history, an Indigenous historian, primary debate and testimony, Native reporting and selected linguistic studies support a useful introduction. The bounded search also found access failures, duplicate routes and broader contextual material that was not promoted to reach twelve. Initial coverage supports continuing alphabetically while specific family, cultural and primary-record gaps remain open.", "remainingLimits": [ "The twelve-source quantity target has not been reached; adequacy is a separate dated judgment.", "Selected passages, confederated context and shared historical corpora have explicit limits; research is not complete or community endorsed." ] }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Related Siletz history pages count as one unit; selected curriculum lessons count as one collection. The Coos-focused claims testimony, modern-town overview and archival finding aid remain outside the substantive target.", "The1865 executive action is distinct from the1875 congressional reduction. Nineteenth-century administrative language does not establish consent. The1954 termination law and1956 implementation are distinct from continuing identity and1977 restoration.", "No sacred narratives, historical photographs, precise sensitive places, current speaker totals or unverified legal outcomes are reproduced." ], "researchLeads": [ { "url": "https://ctsi.nsn.us/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Selected_English_Place_Names_from_Indigenous_Languages.pdf", "title": "Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians. Selected English Place Names with Indigenous Origins in Western Oregon. Tribal language and homeland information, especially the Alsea and Ya’xaik entries.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Alsea_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Alsea history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Alsea people and central Oregon coast histories, with wider Siletz confederation material identified as context. The supplied bibliography is a reading guide; its claims and reported consultation scopes do not establish an Atlas source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/cape-perpetua/", "title": "La Follette, Cameron and Douglas Deur. Cape Perpetua. The Oregon Encyclopedia. Scholarly regional history and discussion of Alsea land use.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Alsea_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Alsea history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Alsea people and central Oregon coast histories, with wider Siletz confederation material identified as context. The supplied bibliography is a reading guide; its claims and reported consultation scopes do not establish an Atlas source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.oregonhistoryproject.org/narratives/the-oregon-coastforists-and-green-verdent-launs/contact-and-settlement/before-contact/", "title": "Wells, Gail. Before Contact. Oregon History Project, Oregon Historical Society. 2006, revised 2014. Regional context for coastal communities.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Alsea_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Alsea history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Alsea people and central Oregon coast histories, with wider Siletz confederation material identified as context. The supplied bibliography is a reading guide; its claims and reported consultation scopes do not establish an Atlas source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://ctsi.nsn.us/introduction/", "title": "Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians. Introduction. Tribal account of ancestral peoples, village government and housing.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Alsea_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Alsea history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Alsea people and central Oregon coast histories, with wider Siletz confederation material identified as context. The supplied bibliography is a reading guide; its claims and reported consultation scopes do not establish an Atlas source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/lccn/2025240414/1981-06-01/ed-1/seq-1.pdf", "title": "Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians. Tribal History. Siletz Newsletter, June 1981, page 1. Excerpt from Stephen Dow Beckham, The Indians of Western Oregon. University of Oregon digital collection.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Alsea_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Alsea history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Alsea people and central Oregon coast histories, with wider Siletz confederation material identified as context. The supplied bibliography is a reading guide; its claims and reported consultation scopes do not establish an Atlas source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://repository.si.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/5abdeadc-c6c7-4550-8704-fadb4dbdb6a0/content", "title": "Frachtenberg, Leo J. Alsea Texts and Myths. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 67. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1920. Primary ethnographic publication, especially pages 9–13.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Alsea_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Alsea history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Alsea people and central Oregon coast histories, with wider Siletz confederation material identified as context. The supplied bibliography is a reading guide; its claims and reported consultation scopes do not establish an Atlas source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/coast_indian_reservation/", "title": "Lewis, David. Coast Indian Reservation. The Oregon Encyclopedia. Reservation creation and reductions.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Alsea_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Alsea history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Alsea people and central Oregon coast histories, with wider Siletz confederation material identified as context. The supplied bibliography is a reading guide; its claims and reported consultation scopes do not establish an Atlas source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/alsea_subagency_of_siletz_reservation/", "title": "Lewis, David. Alsea Subagency of Siletz Reservation. The Oregon Encyclopedia. Federal administration, relocation and the subagency’s distinct peoples.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Alsea_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Alsea history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Alsea people and central Oregon coast histories, with wider Siletz confederation material identified as context. The supplied bibliography is a reading guide; its claims and reported consultation scopes do not establish an Atlas source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://ctsi.nsn.us/executive-order-december-21-1865/", "title": "Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians. Executive Order, December 21, 1865. Tribal interpretation and excerpts from federal records.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Alsea_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Alsea history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Alsea people and central Oregon coast histories, with wider Siletz confederation material identified as context. The supplied bibliography is a reading guide; its claims and reported consultation scopes do not establish an Atlas source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://ctsi.nsn.us/changing-federal-policy-reduction-of-the-coast-reservation-by-act-of-congress-1875/", "title": "Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians. Changing Federal Policy and Reduction of the Coast Reservation by Act of Congress, 1875. Tribal historical account.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Alsea_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Alsea history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Alsea people and central Oregon coast histories, with wider Siletz confederation material identified as context. The supplied bibliography is a reading guide; its claims and reported consultation scopes do not establish an Atlas source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://sirismm.si.edu/EADpdfs/NAA.1976-95.pdf", "title": "Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives. Guide to the John Peabody Harrington Papers. Alsea, Siuslaw and Coos subseries, especially printed pages 38–39. Archival guide documenting John Albert’s work with Harrington.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Alsea_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Alsea history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Alsea people and central Oregon coast histories, with wider Siletz confederation material identified as context. The supplied bibliography is a reading guide; its claims and reported consultation scopes do not establish an Atlas source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-114shrg20036/html/CHRG-114shrg20036.htm", "title": "United States Senate, Committee on Indian Affairs. Hearing on S. 817 and other bills, October 7, 2015. Tribal testimony documents termination, restoration and the establishment of the 1980 reservation.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Alsea_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Alsea history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Alsea people and central Oregon coast histories, with wider Siletz confederation material identified as context. The supplied bibliography is a reading guide; its claims and reported consultation scopes do not establish an Atlas source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-91/pdf/STATUTE-91-Pg1415.pdf", "title": "United States. Siletz Indian Tribe Restoration Act. Public Law 95–195, November 18, 1977. 91 Stat. 1415. Original federal statute.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Alsea_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Alsea history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Alsea people and central Oregon coast histories, with wider Siletz confederation material identified as context. The supplied bibliography is a reading guide; its claims and reported consultation scopes do not establish an Atlas source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://ctsi.nsn.us/culture-language/", "title": "Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians. Culture and Language. Current tribal cultural education, traditional arts and language programs.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Alsea_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Alsea history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Alsea people and central Oregon coast histories, with wider Siletz confederation material identified as context. The supplied bibliography is a reading guide; its claims and reported consultation scopes do not establish an Atlas source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/alsea_alcea_/", "title": "Robbins, William G. Alsea Alcea. The Oregon Encyclopedia. Historical Native trails and seasonal use of the upper Alsea Valley.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Alsea_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Alsea history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Alsea people and central Oregon coast histories, with wider Siletz confederation material identified as context. The supplied bibliography is a reading guide; its claims and reported consultation scopes do not establish an Atlas source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://ctsi.nsn.us/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/CTSI-Comprehensive-Plan-2005-2015-History-Pt1.pdf", "title": "Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians. History of the Siletz. Comprehensive Plan 2005–2015. Tribal account of reservation reduction and allotment.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Alsea_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Alsea history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Alsea people and central Oregon coast histories, with wider Siletz confederation material identified as context. The supplied bibliography is a reading guide; its claims and reported consultation scopes do not establish an Atlas source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" } ], "studyKeys": [ "Alsea_History_Culture_and_Timeline" ], "added": false, "slug": "alsea", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" } ] }, { "name": "Alturas Indian Rancheria, California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Alturas Indian Rancheria, California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "alturas-indian-rancheria-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 12, "name": "Alutiiq", "region": "Alaska / Gulf of Alaska", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Alutiiq/Sugpiaq histories connect distinct Gulf of Alaska communities. This collection brings Kodiak village, food, institutional and language sources together with historical research and a Chugach-region perspective.", "sections": [ { "title": "Community choices in naming", "text": "The museum explains that names vary with community preferences and colonial history. Kodiak leaders selected Alutiiq for their museum, while Sugpiaq is preferred by some people elsewhere. Such choices need local context; historical outsider use of Aleut does not make Alutiiq/Sugpiaq and Unangax̂ interchangeable.", "sourceIds": [ "p12-s2", "p12-s1" ] }, { "title": "Long coastal histories and archaeological interpretation", "text": "The museum describes Ocean Bay, Kachemak and Koniag traditions through changing coastal technologies, fishing and household cooperation. These labels organize archaeological evidence; they are not three successive modern tribes. Kodiak’s deep-history account should not be projected uniformly across the wider Sugpiaq homeland.", "sourceIds": [ "p12-s3" ] }, { "title": "Relocation and continuing village ties", "text": "The museum’s village histories distinguish physical relocation from the end of a community. Afognak families moved after the 1964 earthquake and tsunamis, but the account describes continued visiting, harvesting and tribal culture camps. Kaguyak residents also resettled elsewhere after the disaster, often where relatives lived; the museum records continuing use of their homeland and a tribal council. These are specific Kodiak histories, rather than one settlement pattern that can be assigned to every Alutiiq community.", "sourceIds": [ "p12-s5" ] }, { "title": "Governments, businesses and service organizations", "text": "Tribal governments, Native corporations and nonprofit service organizations have different roles. The museum’s Kodiak examples distinguish self-government from shareholder relationships and regional services. One person can participate in several institutions; a corporate name therefore does not substitute for identifying a particular government or community.", "sourceIds": [ "p12-s7" ] }, { "title": "Community direction beyond Kodiak", "text": "Chugachmiut’s anniversary publication describes a tribal consortium serving communities that include Nanwalek and Port Graham. It distinguishes Sugpiaq from multicultural member tribes and connects locally directed services with self-determination. Reflections from community leaders explain why village representation matters in decisions about health, social services and cultural work. This account broadens an introduction grounded in Kodiak, while keeping the consortium, its member governments and their different identities distinct.", "sourceIds": [ "au12-c4" ] }, { "title": "Foodways through named family contributions", "text": "The museum’s 2013 cookbook presents foodways through named contributors rather than one standardized menu. Selected recipes combine harvested fish, berries and plants with ingredients used in contemporary households. Mary Haakanson’s first-fish soup and Patricia Mullan Kozak’s berry dish, for example, retain personal choices and family memories. The compilation offers evidence of living, varied food practices in a Kodiak publication; it should not be treated as proof that every Alutiiq family prepares or eats the same foods.", "sourceIds": [ "au12-c5" ] }, { "title": "Conquest and coerced work", "text": "According to the museum’s account, the 1784 Russian assault at Awa’uq was part of securing Native labor for the fur trade. Violence, hostage-taking and forced work disrupted families. Numerical casualty estimates are not repeated here; the longer histories below can help readers investigate colonial change and its interpretations.", "sourceIds": [ "p12-s4" ] }, { "title": "Archaeology of colonial labor and continuing knowledge", "text": "Margaris and colleagues interpret a Kodiak house and associated food remains as evidence of a seasonal Russian-American Company work camp in the 1830s. Cod fishing and trapping helped provision the colonial enterprise. Yet repaired imported ceramics, reworked glass and other evidence indicate continuing Alutiiq technical knowledge and some pursuit of residents' own subsistence needs. Their study shows how coercive work arrangements could coexist with practical choices; imported objects alone do not demonstrate cultural replacement.", "sourceIds": [ "at12-h3" ] }, { "title": "Knowledge and unequal opportunity in the American era", "text": "Counceller’s selected American-era excerpt explains how Alutiiq bear guides contributed local knowledge and practical skills while facing unequal recognition and licensing arrangements. This is a dated historical interpretation of work and opportunity. The excerpt’s older hunting rules are not presented as current guidance.", "sourceIds": [ "at12-h5" ] }, { "title": "Community control of historical memory", "text": "In a 2006 account, museum practitioner Amy Steffian connects Kodiak heritage organizing with community archaeology, youth participation and public sharing of research. Programs preceded the museum building. Later, leaders debated how collaboration with outside institutions could serve Alutiiq priorities. The resulting emphasis placed Alutiiq people first while inviting wider education. This history makes cultural renewal a matter of community decisions, institutions and sustained work, rather than suggesting that archaeologists discovered a people who had disappeared.", "sourceIds": [ "at12-h4" ] }, { "title": "Literacy, schooling and Elder teachers", "text": "The museum describes Alutiiq men developing early written records using Cyrillic and translating religious texts. Russian, Slavonic, Alutiiq and later English had different roles in community life. Its account also explains English-only schooling and the pressure it placed on family language transmission. Elder teachers subsequently contributed recordings, mentoring and new terms. This is a history of institutions and people making choices under changing conditions, without adopting the page’s undated speaker totals.", "sourceIds": [ "p12-s6" ] }, { "title": "A community plan for language learning", "text": "The Qik Committee approved its 2024–2029 plan for the Kodiak region in August 2024. It seeks stronger links with village and off-island learners, progression toward fluency, teacher preparation and sustainable resources. It also proposes a shared base for language learning. These goals show how the community organizes future work; proposed speaker numbers, funding arrangements and institutional changes must not be mistaken for demonstrated results.", "sourceIds": [ "at12-r2" ] }, { "title": "How the teaching lessons build words", "text": "The grammar lessons build words from stems and endings. Noun examples distinguish one, two and three-or-more; other endings express relationships or change word functions. Dictionary entries cannot simply be strung together as English words. These are learning aids; recognizing patterns is not the same as learning to speak with people.", "sourceIds": [ "p12-s2" ] }, { "title": "Regional language context", "text": "The university introduction distinguishes Koniag and Chugach dialect geography across Kodiak, the Alaska Peninsula, Kenai and Prince William Sound. This helps place the Kodiak-centered museum materials within a wider Sugpiaq setting. It is a short orientation, rather than fresh evidence of current speakers, and does not make every regional community or government interchangeable.", "sourceIds": [ "at12-r3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p12-s1", "title": "Alutiiq/Sugpiaq People", "publisher": "Alutiiq Museum and Archaeological Repository", "url": "https://alutiiqmuseum.org/alutiiq-people/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "annotation": "Brief introduction and navigation to deeper resources. Supports broad regional orientation; its embedded identity film was not watched. Excluded from the substantive count.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Read actual main introductory text and navigation, especially homeland paragraph at lines 50–64; no linked work or film review implied.", "topics": [] }, { "id": "p12-s2", "title": "Alutiiq Language Lessons: naming and selected grammar", "publisher": "Alutiiq Museum and Archaeological Repository", "url": "https://alutiiqmuseum.org/alutiiq-people/language/lessons/alutiiq-what-is-in-a-name/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Naming", "Regional variation" ], "annotation": "Selected museum lessons explain preferred names and basic word-building; treated as one collection with a Kodiak-centered perspective.", "contentReviewScope": "Naming, grammar overview, pluralization and noun-stem lesson bodies inspected. No recordings or linked full grammars reviewed.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "Undated web lesson", "sourceUnitKey": "alutiiq-museum-language-lessons", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Alutiiq Grammar: An Overview", "url": "https://alutiiqmuseum.org/alutiiq-people/language/lessons/alutiiq-grammar-an-overview/", "scope": "Actual substantive lesson text inspected; no audio review." }, { "title": "Pluralization", "url": "https://alutiiqmuseum.org/alutiiq-people/language/lessons/pluralization/", "scope": "Actual substantive lesson text inspected; no audio review." }, { "title": "Working with Noun Stems", "url": "https://alutiiqmuseum.org/alutiiq-people/language/lessons/working-with-noun-stems/", "scope": "Actual substantive lesson text inspected; no audio review." } ] }, { "id": "p12-s3", "title": "Our Stories: deep history and selected Imaken Ima’ut excerpt", "publisher": "Alutiiq Museum and Archaeological Repository", "url": "https://alutiiqmuseum.org/alutiiq-people/history/our-stories/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Archaeological history", "Coastal livelihoods", "Kodiak" ], "annotation": "Museum deep-history text and a selected book excerpt are conservatively grouped. Their relationship needs fuller provenance review; separate authorship is not established.", "publicationDate": "Undated web text", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Actual Deep History web body read. Linked five-page book excerpt also inspected within its separate scope; full book and films not reviewed.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Imaken Ima’ut: selected American-era excerpt", "url": "https://alutiiqmuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Alutiiq-Guides.pdf", "scope": "Title, printed pages 104, 120 and 122, and copyright page ii inspected; not a full chapter or book." } ] }, { "id": "p12-s5", "title": "20th Century Kodiak Alutiiq Villages", "publisher": "Alutiiq Museum and Archaeological Repository", "url": "https://alutiiqmuseum.org/alutiiq-people/history/villages/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Communities", "Relocation", "Continuity", "Kodiak" ], "annotation": "Selected actual village histories distinguish settlement changes and continuing relationships with place. Count the village series once. Undated present-day population, fish-stock and service claims are not independently verified; photographs are not licensed for reuse here.", "contentReviewScope": "Read introduction and actual Afognak, Karluk, Kaguyak and Port Lions accounts, web lines 45–79, 146–178 and 214–219. Other village entries are not claimed as fully reviewed.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "Undated village-history collection", "sourceUnitKey": "alutiiq-museum-village-histories" }, { "id": "p12-s7", "title": "Alutiiq Traditions: institutions and colonial-history excerpts", "publisher": "Alutiiq Museum and Archaeological Repository", "url": "https://alutiiqmuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Tribes-and-Corporations-25.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Institutions", "Tribal governments", "Corporations", "ANCSA" ], "annotation": "Selected institutional and conquest lessons count together as one Alutiiq Traditions collection. Statistics are dated; current law and every community’s experience are not established.", "contentReviewScope": "Institutional lesson p71 and linked conquest lesson p67 read. Selected excerpts from one book; full book and current institutional rules not inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "Undated lesson; file posted under September 2025; statistics dated September 2022", "sourceUnitKey": "alutiiq-traditions", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Awa’uq — Refuge Rock", "url": "https://alutiiqmuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Refuge-Rock-25.pdf", "scope": "One-page printed 67 excerpt; same book, not another substantive work." } ] }, { "id": "au12-c4", "title": "Self Determination at its Best: 50 Years of Service to the Chugach Region", "publisher": "Chugachmiut", "url": "https://www.chugachmiut.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Chugachmiut_50th_Anniversary_Booklet_revised_6-25-24.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community perspectives", "Regional institutions", "Self-determination", "Sugpiaq communities" ], "annotation": "A regional tribal consortium’s own commemorative publication includes named leaders’ reflections on representation and services. It explicitly distinguishes Sugpiaq and multicultural member tribes. This institutional retrospective is not an independent outcomes evaluation or a statement that all regional peoples are identical.", "contentReviewScope": "Read cover and printed pages 3,9–10; also selected timeline/service passages on printed pages 12–17,24. Visually checked printed pages 3,9–10 (PDF pages 5,11–12). No full28-page or QR-linked interview review.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "2024 commemorative publication; filename identifies revision June 25, 2024", "dateBasis": "Anniversary of 1974 founding and publisher filename, not a separately verified first-publication date.", "sourceUnitKey": "chugachmiut-50th-anniversary-booklet", "authorsNote": "Institutional publication with reflections attributed to Fran Norman, Chief John Kvasnikoff, Esther Ronne and others; no single book author identified." }, { "id": "au12-c5", "title": "Neq’rkat — The Wild Foods Cookbook", "publisher": "Alutiiq Museum and Archaeological Repository", "url": "https://alutiiqmuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Wild-Foods-Book.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Foodways", "Community contributions", "Family variation", "Kodiak" ], "annotation": "This 2013 community recipe compilation credits individual contributors and museum collections. Selected entries show varied household approaches to harvested foods and help readers follow family foodways in their stated contexts.", "contentReviewScope": "Downloaded actual 72-page PDF; read cover/imprint, contents, printed pages 1–2, 7, 17, 32, 41, 53 and acknowledgements 64. Visually checked imprint and frontispiece iv; selected recipes were read as text.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "2013", "dateBasis": "Actual copyright/imprint page, PDF page 2. The 2024 URL directory is not the book’s publication year.", "sourceUnitKey": "neqrkat-wild-foods-cookbook-2013", "authorsNote": "Community recipe compilation; named recipe contributors credited individually. Alisha Drabek is credited for cover and book design, not asserted as sole author." }, { "id": "p12-s4", "title": "Awa’uq — Refuge Rock: Conquest of Kodiak", "publisher": "Alutiiq Museum and Archaeological Repository", "url": "https://alutiiqmuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Refuge-Rock-25.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Colonial violence", "Hostage-taking", "Coerced work" ], "annotation": "Conquest excerpt within the same Traditions collection, not another distinct work. Numerical estimates are not adopted.", "publicationDate": "Undated lesson; URL filed in September 2025", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "One-page narrative, caption and bibliography read; cited scholarship not automatically inspected.", "countReason": "Short orientation with substantial overlap in the longer colonial-history evidence; retained without inflating the substantive count.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "at12-h3", "title": "Cod Fishing in Russian America: The Archaeology of a 19th-Century Alutiiq Work Camp on Alaska’s Kodiak Island", "publisher": "Arctic Anthropology / University of Wisconsin Press; author-uploaded reading copy on ResearchGate", "author": "Amy V. Margaris, Mark A. Rusk, Patrick G. Saltonstall and Molly Odell", "url": "https://digitalcommons.oberlin.edu/faculty_schol/47/", "readingUrl": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280840966_Cod_Fishing_in_Russian_America_The_Archaeology_of_a_19th-Century_Alutiiq_Work_Camp_on_Alaska%27s_Kodiak_Island", "doi": "10.3368/aa.52.1.102", "type": "Scholarly article / collaborative archaeology", "topics": [ "Colonial labor", "Archaeological interpretation", "Subsistence", "Continuity" ], "annotation": "Combines archaeological evidence and historical records to interpret a small seasonal company work camp. Its analysis distinguishes imposed labor from workers' continuing skills and choices. Conclusions are a site-specific interpretation, not proof of identical conditions in every Alutiiq community.", "publicationDate": "2015; Arctic Anthropology 52(1):102–126", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Selected actual article text: introduction and colonial-labor passages, printed pages 102–105; Discussion and Conclusions passages, pages 121–123. Oberlin metadata verified; full-text host identifies upload by Amy Margaris on August 10, 2015.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Author-uploaded reading copy", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280840966_Cod_Fishing_in_Russian_America_The_Archaeology_of_a_19th-Century_Alutiiq_Work_Camp_on_Alaska%27s_Kodiak_Island", "scope": "Actual selected article text: printed 102–105 and121–123. Access conditions may differ by reader." } ] }, { "id": "at12-h5", "title": "Imaken Ima’ut — From the Past to the Future: selected Americans chapter excerpt", "publisher": "Alutiiq Museum and Archaeological Repository", "author": "April Isiik Laktonen Counceller, chapter author; Amy F. Steffian, book editor", "url": "https://alutiiqmuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Alutiiq-Guides.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-authored historical interpretation / selected book excerpt", "topics": [ "American colonial era", "Economic history", "Knowledge", "Bear guiding" ], "annotation": "Inspected excerpt grouped with Our Stories for conservative counting; not an additional distinct-work claim.", "publicationDate": "2024; copyright page inspected", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Five-page PDF: title, printed 104,120,122 andcopyrightii read. Missing121 and other chapters not inspected. Underlying publication2024.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "at12-h4", "title": "Teaching Traditions: Public Programming at the Alutiiq Museum", "publisher": "Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of the American Indian, in Living Homes for Cultural Expression", "author": "Amy F. Steffian; volume edited by Karen Coody Cooper and Nicolasa I. Sandoval", "url": "https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/migrated/library/internet/subject/upload/LivingHomesforCulturalExpression.pdf", "type": "Community-museum practitioner's history", "topics": [ "Historical memory", "Community archaeology", "Heritage institutions", "Education" ], "annotation": "A substantial museum practitioner's account of community archaeology, heritage organizing and choices about public education. It records disagreements and an Alutiiq-first mission rather than presenting revival as an outside discovery. Program examples and institutional circumstances are dated to this 2006 chapter.", "publicationDate": "2006; chapter pages 27–41", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Selected actual chapter passages: opening pages 27–28; Programs Create the Museum, pages 32–33; A Philosophy for Programming, pages 34–35; and public-education examples, pages 36–37. Title/copyright pages checked. Not a full-volume review.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p12-s6", "title": "Language History: Alutiit’stun—Like an Alutiiq", "url": "https://alutiiqmuseum.org/alutiiq-people/language/language-history/", "publisher": "Alutiiq Museum and Archaeological Repository", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Literacy", "Education", "Elder teachers" ], "annotation": "Museum account connects early Alutiiq writing, multilingual life, English-only schooling and Elder-led learning. Its undated current speaker totals and class schedules are not adopted. This is a Kodiak-focused introduction, not a survey of every Sugpiaq region.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual HTML Written Alutiiq, New Languages, Schools, Reawakening and Elder Teachers sections read. Images and recordings not reused or played; spiritual symbolism, archaeological locations and unverified current figures excluded.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21" }, { "id": "at12-r2", "title": "Kodiak Regional Sugpiaq/Alutiiq Language Strategic Plan, 2024–2029", "url": "https://alutiiqmuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/2024-2029-Kodiak-Alutiiq-Language-Strategic-Plan.pdf", "publisher": "Qik’rtarmiut Alutiit Regional Language Advisory Committee; published by Alutiiq Museum", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community planning", "Language learning", "Teacher development" ], "annotation": "Community-developed plan approved August 8,2024 sets goals for learners, teachers, partnerships, funding and a learning home base. Read it as a dated statement of intended work. Targets and proposed institutional changes are not verified outcomes.", "contentReviewScope": "All three actual PDF pages read: mission, vision, five overarching goals and approval footers. No subsequent annual-review documents, measured outcomes or implementation audit inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "approvedAt": "2024-08-08" }, { "id": "at12-r3", "title": "Alutiiq / Sugpiaq: language and dialect introduction", "url": "https://www.uaf.edu/anlc/languages-move/alutiiq.php", "publisher": "Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks", "type": "University", "topics": [ "Language geography", "Dialects", "Research leads" ], "annotation": "Short university orientation distinguishes Koniag and Chugach dialect geography and points to literacy scholarship. Retained as supporting context; its undated population and speaker figures are not presented as current. Linked grammars and dictionaries require separate review.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual naming, dialect and literacy paragraphs read; no linked publication or audio reviewed. Short supporting introduction, outside substantive target.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 10, 362 ], "relationshipNote": "Sugpiaq (entry 362) and Alutiiq overlap as community self-designations rather than representing two wholly separate peoples. Individual preferences vary. Unangax̂/Aleut is a distinct people and language despite colonial use of Aleut across regions.", "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "researchGaps": [ "Broaden direct family and community perspectives outside Kodiak, especially the Alaska Peninsula, Kenai and Prince William Sound; a regional consortium cannot represent every government or viewpoint.", "Investigate provenance between the museum’s Our Stories web text and Imaken Ima’ut before treating them as separate works. Full book chapters and several important scholarly studies remain unread leads.", "Review language-plan implementation and present community conditions separately before adding current speaker, population, fishery or regulatory claims.", "Seek further oral-history and Indigenous scholarly perspectives on colonial change and continuing cultural life; interpretations of one archaeological site are not regional generalizations.", "Historical photographs, recipes and cultural materials have their own rights and contexts. No cooking directions, sensitive places or imagery have been reused here. Community review remains open." ], "overviewSourceIds": [ "p12-s2", "p12-s5", "au12-c4", "au12-c5" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Adequate initial introduction", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "rationale": "Ten substantive works or conservative collections support a useful educational introduction across identity, villages, foodways, institutions, language, colonial labor and cultural renewal. Naming and grammar lessons count once; Traditions excerpts count once; the museum history web text and related book excerpt are grouped pending fuller provenance review. Brief introductions and questionable dated web material do not fill the twelve-source target. The documented coverage supports continuing alphabetically, with regional and family-perspective gaps still open.", "remainingLimits": [ "The twelve-source quantity target has not been reached. Conservative grouping is intentional, not a claim that every linked page is the same text.", "Selected pages and institutional accounts do not establish current conditions, complete research or community endorsement." ] }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Fourteen cards represent ten conservatively counted substantive works/collections, plus brief supporting introductions and related excerpts outside additional counts. The Sun’aq page with template residue and dated rules is saved as limited evidence in research notes, not promoted to this reading path.", "The2024 language-plan date is approval, not a separately verified first-publication day. Goals are not outcomes. The2013 cookbook date comes from its imprint, not its 2024 upload path.", "No full-textbook, full-film, recording or whole-book review is claimed for links encountered in source bibliographies." ], "added": false, "slug": "alutiiq", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Alutiiq Tribe of Old Harbor", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Alutiiq Tribe of Old Harbor has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 804; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "alutiiq-tribe-of-old-harbor", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Amah Mutsun Tribal Band", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Contemporary tribal band", "region": "California", "overview": "Amah Mutsun Tribal Band has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "The Band describes its ancestors as collectively called Ohlone and identifies Mutsun and Awaswas mission-era contexts. These broad historical reading routes do not replace the contemporary Band name.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://amlt.org/the-tribal-band", "publisher": "Amah Mutsun Land Trust", "scope": "Band self-identification; trust describes itself as its initiative. Only the name and the explicit Ohlone/Mutsun/Awaswas naming context were used; membership figures, recognition claims and territorial boundaries were not adopted.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "inspectedLines": "13, 20, 23-29", "access": "Public HTML actually read; identity-only selected content", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/california-missions/recommended-resources/", "publisher": "Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian", "scope": "Regional community roster, Ohlone and Esselen heading and named entries only. Its own note says the list is not comprehensive. No claim that every listed organization is a distinct people or one government.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "inspectedLines": "226-227, 310-322", "access": "Public HTML actually read; identity-only selected content", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 263, 234, 24 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "amah-mutsun-tribal-band", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [] }, { "originalId": 13, "name": "Amuzgo", "region": "Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Amuzgo communities have distinct local histories and language varieties in Guerrero and Oaxaca. This reading path connects speaker-led scholarship, education, weaving, women’s leadership and community media, while keeping Xochistlahuaca evidence distinct from Oaxaca communities.", "sections": [ { "title": "Names and language varieties", "text": "INALI groups Amuzgo within the Oto-Manguean family and distinguishes northern, southern, lower eastern and upper eastern variants. Its locality tables associate the eastern variants with Santa María Ipalapa and San Pedro Amuzgos in Oaxaca, while the northern and southern variants are listed in Guerrero. Self-designations vary, including nomndaa, nundá’, jñunnda and ñonndaa. These are linguistic classifications with local identities, not four separate peoples or governments; INALI recommends treating variants as languages in education and public services.", "sourceIds": [ "am13-l1" ] }, { "title": "Keeping historical guides local and dated", "text": "The cultural-information guide’s historical account focuses substantially on Xochistlahuaca, linking colonial administration and dispossession with later land-recovery efforts. It also labels its origin account as oral history. This brief government synthesis provides orientation; it cannot substitute for community histories, establish a dated migration sequence or describe every Amuzgo settlement’s experience.", "sourceIds": [ "p13-s2" ] }, { "title": "A speaker’s dictionary and writing choices", "text": "Moisés Zeferino de Jesús García presents his dictionary as a study of his own language, developed through reflection and consultation with other speakers, teachers and scholars. He identifies Xochistlahuaca as its variety and offers it to bilingual schools, students and other learners. His introduction explains why tone and syllable distinctions matter to his spelling choices, while acknowledging that vocabulary remains incomplete. This is a particular author’s 2012 documentation project, rather than a universal Amuzgo orthographic rule.", "sourceIds": [ "am13-l2" ] }, { "title": "Teachers, families and bilingual education", "text": "The 2018 Ñomndaa curriculum names educators from communities including Xochistlahuaca, Huehuetónoc, Tlacoachistlahuaca and Cozoyoapan among its authors. Its diagnostic consultation asked teachers, students and parents about language use and learning priorities. The program reports family interest in reading and writing Ñomndaa alongside Spanish, and recommends producing materials for particular variants with students, teachers and parents. These are the curriculum’s documented priorities and recommendations, rather than proof of present implementation in every school.", "sourceIds": [ "am13-l3" ] }, { "title": "Teachers and parents building community institutions", "text": "Writing as an Nn’anncue Ñomndaa participant, Bartolomé López Guzmán recalls teachers questioning schooling that devalued their language and identity. He describes courses, collaboration with parents, and the creation of a sociocultural association in 1997. His account follows particular El Porvenir school projects in Xochistlahuaca, where teachers developed locally grounded approaches. This is an organizing history with setbacks and differing responses, rather than evidence that one curriculum reached every Amuzgo school or continues unchanged today.", "sourceIds": [ "am13-h1" ] }, { "title": "Tone as part of grammar", "text": "Yuni Kim’s San Pedro Amuzgos study shows that tone helps express grammatical relationships, including who participates in an action. Much of its evidence comes from native-speaker linguist Fermín Tapia García’s extensive verb manuscript, part of which Kim checked with him during visits in 2012 and 2013. The article proposes an explanation for differences between ordinary verb inflection and causative forms. It also emphasizes differences among Amuzgo varieties, so its analysis should not be applied unchanged throughout Guerrero and Oaxaca.", "sourceIds": [ "am13-l4" ] }, { "title": "Huipiles as skilled work and social clothing", "text": "The cultural inventory follows huipil-making through cotton preparation, spinning, weaving and joining panels. It also places garments within important social occasions and identifies production for sale alongside clothing made for use. The entry names communities in both Guerrero and Oaxaca, while emphasizing Xochistlahuaca. Its 2012 description is a useful introduction to skilled work and social significance, rather than evidence that every present-day garment uses the same materials or that all local practices are identical.", "sourceIds": [ "p13-s4" ] }, { "title": "A weaver’s account of knowledge and place", "text": "Writing from Xochistlahuaca, Suljaa’ Valtierra Zaragoza presents weaving as inherited knowledge connecting women, collective work and the surrounding land. She describes learning through shared practice and treats textiles as ways of carrying memory and telling stories. Her account gives readers an Amuzgo weaver’s own interpretation of sustainability and cultural continuity. It should be read as a situated perspective, rather than proof that every textile has the same meaning or environmental impact.", "sourceIds": [ "am13-c1" ] }, { "title": "Teaching publicly and earning a livelihood", "text": "A 2024 UNAM report follows Victorina López Hilario teaching visitors about her weaving work. She recalls learning by watching her mother as a child and later taking textiles to markets beyond Xochistlahuaca. The account connects public teaching, household income and organizing with other artisans. It makes an individual teacher’s knowledge and initiative visible, without turning her childhood experience or the report’s group description into a universal history of Amuzgo women.", "sourceIds": [ "am13-c2" ] }, { "title": "Local proposals for valuing textile work", "text": "A 2022 study reports a February 2020 workshop with five Tsomara collaborators in Xochistlahuaca: two embroiderers and three weavers. Their accounts show several routes into textile work. Researchers identify concerns about intermediaries, unequal prices and selling opportunities, alongside proposals for meetings, teaching and a community sales space. These are local experiences and proposals; the study does not establish implementation or represent every Amuzgo artisan.", "sourceIds": [ "am13-c3" ] }, { "title": "Different routes into women's public leadership", "text": "Aguirre Pérez's 2004 study follows three Xochistlahuaca women—Florentina López de Jesús, Josefina Flores and Martha Sánchez Néstor—to examine differing routes into public leadership. Interviews connect participation with education, paid work, family position and organizing. The author also identifies barriers inside parties and local institutions, including heavy workloads and unequal access to information. These selected life histories show differences among women's experiences; they are not a current portrait of every Amuzgo community.", "sourceIds": [ "am13-h3" ] }, { "title": "Radio as a community institution", "text": "In her 2012 study, Gasparello describes Radio Ñomndaa as more than a transmitter. Community representatives connected the project with local needs, while recording activity supported musicians and preserved material for later listeners. The account also acknowledges political divisions and an unfinished effort to build dialogue. These observations concern a particular project and research period; they do not establish unanimous support, present programming, or the same organization in Oaxaca's Amuzgo communities.", "sourceIds": [ "am13-h2" ] }, { "title": "A project's own statement of purpose", "text": "Radio Ñomndaa's April 2013 statement presents the station as an Indigenous community medium independent of government, parties and religious organizations. It connects communication with strengthening culture, sharing information and respecting other peoples. This primary statement records the project's stated purposes. It should be read alongside more substantial research, without treating an old schedule as proof of current service or assigning the project's political commitments to every Amuzgo person.", "sourceIds": [ "p13-s5" ] }, { "title": "Small learning guides and their limits", "text": "The courtesy guide credits its northern Amuzgo text and voice to Yanneth Guerrero Valentín. Only the displayed text was reviewed here. Its local scope matters: a short phrase guide and a derivative classification summary are useful starting points, while the primary catalog, dictionary and curriculum provide more substantial evidence.", "sourceIds": [ "p13-s3", "p13-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "am13-l1", "title": "Catálogo de las lenguas indígenas nacionales — agrupación amuzgo, variantes y referencias geoestadísticas", "publisher": "Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas (INALI)", "url": "https://www.inali.gob.mx/sitios/clin-inali/html/v_amuzgo.html", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Language", "Names", "Homelands", "Language rights" ], "annotation": "Primary catalog tables connect four variants, local names and Guerrero–Oaxaca localities. Read with category definitions as one collection. This institutional linguistic classification is neither a current population survey nor four separate peoples.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Complete Amuzgo variant/locality table and grouping table; catalog introduction and definitions of family, grouping and variant. The HTML synthesis itself is undated.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "inspectedSubresources": [ { "url": "https://www.inali.gob.mx/sitios/clin-inali/html/l_amuzgo.html", "scope": "Complete grouping page: Oto-mangue family and all four variants with self-designations.", "title": "INALI grouping and local self-designations" }, { "url": "https://www.inali.gob.mx/sitios/clin-inali/", "scope": "Introductory explanation and category definitions, especially grouping, variant, and recommendation to treat variants as languages in public services.", "title": "INALI catalog definitions" } ] }, { "id": "p13-s1", "title": "Amuzgo — Lenguas indígenas", "publisher": "Secretaría de Cultura, Sistema de Información Cultural", "url": "https://sic.gob.mx/ficha.php?table=inali_li&table_id=2", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Language", "Identity", "Homelands" ], "annotation": "Supporting cultural-information summary of INALI classifications. The primary catalog below supplies the substantive classification evidence; this derivative guide adds no additional work-level count.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "contentReviewScope": "Retained earlier reading guide and original URL; no additional full-content renewal is claimed for this card." }, { "id": "p13-s2", "title": "Amuzgos — historical orientation", "publisher": "Secretaría de Cultura, Sistema de Información Cultural", "url": "https://sic.gob.mx/ficha.php?table=grupo_etnico&table_id=23", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Historical orientation", "Source perspective", "Local scope" ], "annotation": "Short government historical orientation, centered substantially on Xochistlahuaca. Retained as supporting context rather than filling the substantive target. Its oral-history account is not a dated archaeological sequence; numerical estimates are not adopted as current figures.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual Presentación, crafts/festivals paragraphs and update metadata read. The linked INPI monograph and audiovisual materials were not inspected through this card; direct Atlas opening failed.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "updatedAt": "2019-12-05", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "am13-l2", "title": "Diccionario ñòmndaá–ñòmtscō, ñòmtscō–ñòmndaá: amuzgo–español, español–amuzgo. Variedad lingüística de Xochistlahuaca, Guerrero", "author": "Moisés Zeferino de Jesús García", "publisher": "Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas; Antropología y Lingüística Aplicada, S.C.", "url": "https://site.inali.gob.mx/publicaciones/diccionario_amuzgo.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-authored / government publication", "topics": [ "Language", "Community scholarship", "Writing", "Education" ], "publicationDate": "2012", "isbn": "978-607-7538-47-9", "annotation": "A Xochistlahuaca speaker’s bilingual dictionary explains its community consultations, educational purposes and choices for representing tones and syllables. Selected introductory and orthographic pages were read, rather than the entire word list. Its statements about vitality belong to the author’s 2012 account.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 226-page PDF: title/imprint and printed pp. 6–17 (PDF pp. 7–18), including presentation, acknowledgements, introduction, composition and orthographic discussion. Title/imprint also visually verified.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "am13-l3", "title": "Programa de Lengua Ñomndaa — Asignatura Lengua Materna. Lengua Indígena", "author": "Equipo Estatal de Docentes, Directivos, Supervisores y Personal de Enlaces de Educación Primaria Indígena Bilingüe de Guerrero", "publisher": "Secretaría de Educación Pública, Dirección General de Educación Indígena", "url": "https://dgeiib.basica.sep.gob.mx/files/fondo-editorial/lengua-materna-lengua-indigena/programas-de-estudio/lmli_pe_00018.pdf", "type": "Community collaboration / government education", "topics": [ "Language", "Education", "Community participation", "Writing" ], "publicationDate": "2018", "annotation": "Curriculum developed with named Guerrero teachers and community participants. Selected Spanish sections describe consultation, bilingual learning priorities and locally appropriate materials. The imprint identifies the first edition as 2018; its historical diagnostic sample does not establish present conditions or every community’s views.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Actual PDF: unnumbered imprint/authorship (PDF pp. 3,5), printed pp. 9,15–17,51 (PDF pp. 10,16–18,52). Ñomndaa-only sections were not translated or used for claims.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p13-s3", "title": "Nomndaa — Prontuario de frases de cortesía", "publisher": "Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas; text and voice by Yanneth Guerrero Valentín", "url": "https://site.inali.gob.mx/Micrositios/Prontuarios/amuzgo.html", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Language", "Learning", "Pronunciation" ], "annotation": "Small courtesy-phrase learning resource credited to Yanneth Guerrero Valentín. The printed text was reviewed; no audio listening or pronunciation validation is claimed. It remains outside the substantive target.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "contentReviewScope": "Entire visible text, introductory variety/locality statement, creator credit, and all printed courtesy phrases were freshly read. Page credits text and voice to Yanneth Guerrero Valentín.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21" }, { "id": "am13-h1", "title": "Experiencias en torno a la enseñanza, aprendizaje y difusión de la lengua ñomndaa del estado de Guerrero", "author": "Bartolomé López Guzmán", "publisher": "El Colegio de Guerrero and Editora Laguna, in De la oralidad a la palabra escrita; reading copy hosted by UNAM Biblioteca Jurídica Virtual", "url": "https://archivos.juridicas.unam.mx/www/bjv/libros/7/3098/12.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-authored community and educational history", "topics": [ "Community organizing", "Education", "Historical memory", "Guerrero" ], "annotation": "López Guzmán explicitly writes as a member of the Nn’anncue Ñomndaa people. His account follows teachers, parents, a civil association and school projects. Its participant perspective and criticisms remain attributed; it is not a current independent evaluation or a history of all Amuzgo communities.", "publicationDate": "June 2012; book first-edition imprint inspected", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Selected actual chapter pages 231–238 (PDF pages 1–8 of 26), especially first-person positioning, teacher formation, 1997 association and El Porvenir projects. Separate volume title/imprint/contents PDF inspected.", "metadataEvidenceUrl": "https://archivos.juridicas.unam.mx/www/bjv/libros/7/3098/1.pdf", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "am13-l4", "title": "Grammatical and lexical sources of allomorphy in Amuzgo inflectional tone", "author": "Yuni Kim", "publisher": "Phonology, Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/680F62BEE10DAA7CA5216617CFDD4F22/S095267572300012Xa.pdf/grammatical_and_lexical_sources_of_allomorphy_in_amuzgo_inflectional_tone.pdf", "landingUrl": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/phonology/article/grammatical-and-lexical-sources-of-allomorphy-in-amuzgo-inflectional-tone/680F62BEE10DAA7CA5216617CFDD4F22", "doi": "10.1017/S095267572300012X", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Language", "Tone", "Community scholarship", "Grammar" ], "publicationDate": "2023-10-02", "citation": "Phonology 39(3), 2022 volume, pp. 531–558; first published online 2 October 2023.", "annotation": "Study of San Pedro Amuzgos verb tones, grounded substantially in native-speaker linguist Fermín Tapia García’s manuscript and collaborative checking. Selected article pages were read beyond the abstract. Its proposed analysis is specific to this variety and distinguishes the formal model from descriptive evidence.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Actual article: printed pp. 531–535,538–541,555–556, covering provenance, tonal description, verb contrasts, conclusions and acknowledgements. The intervening formal analysis was not fully reviewed.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p13-s4", "title": "Huipiles Amuzgos. Tejido en telar de cintura y brocado con hilos de algodón", "publisher": "Secretaría de Cultura, Sistema de Información Cultural; Red Nacional de Información Cultural", "url": "https://sic.gob.mx/ficha.php?table=frpintangible&table_id=51", "topics": [ "Textiles", "Cultural significance", "Materials", "Regional variation" ], "annotation": "The substantive heritage inventory describes garment-making and social significance with named Guerrero/Oaxaca scope. Its risk assessment and proposed safeguards are dated; they do not establish current regional conditions or license reuse of designs.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete substantive entry: stated communities, description, functions, risks, safeguards and October 3, 2012 last-modification metadata. No image, external bibliography or underlying field documentation reviewed.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "type": "Government", "updatedAt": "2012-10-03", "publicationDate": "First-publication date not established; last modified October 3, 2012", "sourceUnitKey": "sic-frpintangible-51", "canonicalEquivalentUrl": "https://sic.cultura.gob.mx/ficha.php?disciplina=&table=frpintangible&table_id=51", "perspective": "Institutional heritage inventory covering named communities in Guerrero and Oaxaca; not a current household survey or one artisan’s testimony.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Original inventory access route", "url": "https://sic.cultura.gob.mx/ficha.php?disciplina=&table=frpintangible&table_id=51", "scope": "Equivalent inventory route retained; renewed content inspected through the primary card URL, not a second work." } ] }, { "id": "am13-c1", "title": "Sostenibilidad en las prácticas ancestrales textiles", "publisher": "IBERO Puebla, Círculo de escritores; Suljaa’ Valtierra Zaragoza", "url": "https://www.iberopuebla.mx/circulo-de-escritores/svaltierra/practicas-ancestrales", "topics": [ "Community perspective", "Weaving", "Transmission", "Environment" ], "annotation": "Valtierra writes in the first person from Xochistlahuaca about inherited textile knowledge, collective work and relations with place. Her sustainability argument is an articulated community perspective, not a measured environmental assessment or a claim that every weaver works identically.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete actual authored HTML body, web lines 24–37, plus byline, page date and republication note. No linked biography or original newspaper edition reviewed.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "type": "Indigenous-led", "author": "Suljaa’ Valtierra Zaragoza", "publicationDate": "IBERO page dated June 11, 2026", "dateBasis": "The page says originally published in El Sol de Puebla; the original newspaper publication date was not separately verified.", "sourceUnitKey": "valtierra-sostenibilidad-textiles-2026", "perspective": "The author identifies herself among Amuzgo women weavers and explicitly locates this account in Xochistlahuaca/Suljaa’, Guerrero; university publication does not imply university ownership of community knowledge." }, { "id": "am13-c2", "title": "Muestran el arte de tejer de las mujeres amuzgas", "publisher": "Gaceta UNAM; Alejandra del Castillo", "url": "https://www.gaceta.unam.mx/muestran-el-arte-de-tejer-de-las-mujeres-amuzgas/", "topics": [ "Public teaching", "Community perspective", "Livelihoods", "Weaving" ], "annotation": "UNAM reports a public event with Xochistlahuaca weaver Victorina López Hilario, including her own account of learning and selling textiles. It documents an individual teacher’s experience; sweeping claims about all women’s daily hours or a current group roster are not adopted.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete substantive actual report, web lines 36–54, and the September 16, 2024 byline. No recording of the lecture or independent group-membership survey reviewed.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "type": "Reporting / interview", "author": "Alejandra del Castillo; reported statements by Victorina López Hilario", "publicationDate": "September 16, 2024", "dateBasis": "Article byline; a site-wide 2026 header is not the article date.", "sourceUnitKey": "gaceta-unam-victorina-weaving-2024", "perspective": "Original host-university reporting on Victorina’s CEPE teaching encounter, grounded in her Xochistlahuaca experience." }, { "id": "am13-c3", "title": "El conocimiento milenario de las mujeres tejedoras para el desarrollo del territorio amuzgo", "publisher": "UNAM–AMECIDER; Reconfigurando territorios a partir de la cultura, el empoderamiento de las mujeres y nuevos turismos", "url": "https://ru.iiec.unam.mx/5881/1/3.%20080-Francisco-Quintero-S%C3%A1nchez.pdf", "topics": [ "Livelihoods", "Women’s organizing", "Transmission", "Research methods" ], "annotation": "A qualitative exploratory study reports a structured discussion with five Tsomara collaborators in Xochistlahuaca. It makes participants’ concerns and proposals visible through the researchers’ analysis. This small local exercise does not measure regional prevalence, prove inevitable decline or establish completed interventions.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 16-page chapter PDF: read abstract/title 49, methods 56, discussion 60, table 61 and selected conclusions 61–62. No full volume, cited studies, participant recordings or visual-page inspection claimed.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "type": "Academic / reference", "author": "Heidy Francisco Marcial, Dulce María Quintero Romero and Denia May Sánchez Rivera", "publicationDate": "2022", "citation": "In volume IV, Reconfigurando territorios a partir de la cultura, el empoderamiento de las mujeres y nuevos turismos, pp.49–64. UNAM–AMECIDER.", "landingUrl": "https://ru.iiec.unam.mx/5881/", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "UNAM repository bibliographic record", "url": "https://ru.iiec.unam.mx/5881/", "scope": "Authors,2022year,49–64range and repository metadata; not counted separately." } ], "sourceUnitKey": "francisco-quintero-sanchez-tsomara-2022", "perspective": "Researchers’ interpreted account of a five-participant workshop; paper captions date the discussion to February 2020. Authors’ ancestry is not inferred from names or affiliation." }, { "id": "am13-h3", "title": "Del silencio a la palabra. La experiencia de las lideresas indígenas de Xochistlahuaca, Guerrero", "author": "Irma Guadalupe Aguirre Pérez", "publisher": "Feminismo/s / Universidad de Alicante", "url": "https://feminismos.ua.es/article/view/2004-n3-del-silencio-a-la-palabra-la-experiencia-de-las-lideresa", "readingUrl": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/39436871_Del_silencio_a_la_palabra_La_experiencia_de_las_lideresas_indigenas_de_Xochistlahuaca_Guerrero", "doi": "10.14198/fem.2004.3.07", "type": "Scholarly life-history research", "topics": [ "Women's leadership", "Political participation", "Work", "Mobility" ], "annotation": "Aguirre Pérez uses interviews and life histories to examine different routes into leadership. It contributes women's experiences and generational differences. Her structural and political judgments are interpretations from a dated local study, not timeless rules or a present assessment of named people or all Amuzgo institutions.", "publicationDate": "2004-06-30; Feminismo/s3:101–116", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Actual selected article text: introduction page101, methods pages105–106, barriers and leadership/mobility passages109–113, comparison114–115. Publisher metadata and CC BY4.0 licence checked; original PDF routes failed, actual full-text reading copy supplied passages.", "licenseShort": "CC BY4.0, as displayed by the publisher on review", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Actual article reading copy", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/39436871_Del_silencio_a_la_palabra_La_experiencia_de_las_lideresas_indigenas_de_Xochistlahuaca_Guerrero", "scope": "Selected article text: printed101,105–106,109–115. Publisher PDF route failed; this reading copy supplied the actual passages." } ] }, { "id": "am13-h2", "title": "No morirá la flor de la palabra… La radio comunitaria indígena en Guerrero y Oaxaca", "author": "Giovanna Gasparello", "publisher": "Nueva Antropología / Asociación Nueva Antropología A.C.; SciELO reading copy", "url": "https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/na/v25n77/v25n77a7.pdf", "type": "Scholarly article / community-media research", "topics": [ "Community media", "Collective organization", "Music archives", "Dialogue" ], "annotation": "Selected passages give substantial Radio Ñomndaa evidence within a comparative study. They include reported community roles and participants' perspectives. Observations date to the research period; other stations' experiences and the author's legal/political arguments cannot be silently assigned to every Amuzgo community.", "publicationDate": "July–December 2012; Nueva Antropología25(77):133–154", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Actual article opening page133 and selected pages143–148 (PDF1 and11–16 of22), especially Radio Ñomndaa's organization, recording activity and attributed intercultural discussion. No full-article claim.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p13-s5", "title": "¿Qué es Radio Ñomndaa?", "author": "Radio Ñomndaa; post credited to account caspei", "publisher": "Radio Ñomndaa La Palabra del Agua", "url": "https://lapalabradelagua.wordpress.com/2013/04/11/que-es-radio-nomndaa/", "type": "Indigenous community project's self-description", "topics": [ "Community voice", "Communication", "Project purposes" ], "annotation": "A short dated primary statement of the station's own purposes. Useful alongside research rather than as evidence of current broadcasting or universal political agreement. Renew with the direct post URL; do not count this brief statement toward substantive adequacy.", "publicationDate": "2013-04-11", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Actual direct post lines16–23; mission paragraph, old schedule and contact context read. Linked streams, comments and subsequent operations not reviewed.", "countReason": "One short substantive paragraph plus dated schedule/contact information; community voice preserved without quota padding.", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Station homepage", "url": "https://lapalabradelagua.wordpress.com/", "scope": "Homepage mission also inspected; current broadcasting and linked streams not tested. Same statement, no additional count." } ] } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relationshipNote": "Amuzgo is a wider people and closely related language grouping spanning Guerrero and Oaxaca. Local self-designations, language varieties, towns, municipal institutions, and autonomous community projects should not be conflated into one government.", "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "researchGaps": [ "Find public community-authored histories from San Pedro Amuzgos, Santa María Ipalapa and southern-variety communities; institutional locality tables do not substitute for those voices.", "Seek accessible original monographs and land archives for colonial and nineteenth-/early-twentieth-century history. The INPI ethnography page and long monograph remained unread after access failures.", "Broaden foodways, music and public arts beyond textile-focused evidence. Do not reuse motifs, photographs or restricted cultural material without appropriate context and permission.", "Review current classroom implementation, speaker/learner distributions, livelihoods and radio operations separately; dated recommendations and individual accounts do not establish present outcomes.", "Community review remains open; attributed oral histories, firsthand experiences and scholarly interpretations are not universal consensus." ], "overviewSourceIds": [ "am13-l1", "am13-l2" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Adequate initial introduction", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "rationale": "Eleven substantive inspected works support a useful introduction across language and local names, education, textiles, work, leadership and community organizing. Four short or derivative guides remain outside the count. This pass located additional monographs but actual access failures left them unread. Coverage supports continuing alphabetically with explicit Oaxaca, earlier-history and contemporary-outcome gaps; the twelve-source quantity target is not reached.", "remainingLimits": [ "Most firsthand and historical evidence concerns Xochistlahuaca/Suljaa’, Guerrero. Oaxaca communities require further distinct voices and histories.", "Initial adequacy is separate from research completion, numerical targets and community endorsement." ] }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Fifteen source cards represent eleven substantive works and four supporting/derivative guides. Equivalent SIC inventory addresses and the radio homepage/direct post are one work each.", "INALI’s four-variant institutional classification is not a count of governments or separate peoples. The curriculum’s local-variety terminology uses a different classification level and is not silently equated with that count.", "The2018 curriculum imprint,2022 workshop-study publication,February2020 workshop,2022 journal volume/2023first-online date and2012inventory last modification are kept distinct.", "No audio listening, entire dictionary/curriculum/article reading, current broadcasting, measured environmental benefit or implemented project outcome is claimed." ], "added": false, "slug": "amuzgo", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "Angoon Community Association", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Angoon Community Association has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 806; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "angoon-community-association", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 14, "name": "Anishinaabe", "region": "Great Lakes / Canada / United States", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Anishinaabe is a shared identity used in different ways across related communities. These readings connect particular Ojibwe, Odawa and Potawatomi histories, language projects, education systems and ecological work while keeping their governments and local experiences distinct.", "sections": [ { "title": "Related peoples, different histories", "text": "The Pokagon Band's history places Potawatomi relationships with Ojibwe and Odawa within the Three Fires while acknowledging differing origin accounts. It then follows a particular community's efforts to remain in its Great Lakes homeland under removal pressure. The account treats Congress's 1994 reaffirmation of federal recognition as recognition of an already existing people. Pokagon continuity therefore adds a distinct perspective; it cannot stand for every Potawatomi community's experience or the governments of all Anishinaabe peoples.", "sourceIds": [ "an14-c2" ] }, { "title": "Odawa belonging and changing land use", "text": "The Little Traverse Bay Bands' 2005 history explains that Anishinaabe expresses a relationship shared with Ojibwe and Potawatomi, while a person's band or tribe remains more specific. Drawing on documents and elder interviews, the book follows Waganakising Odawa land use through settlement pressure, reduced seasonal movement, land loss and growing wage employment. Its account also describes continuing practices through change. This is a locally grounded history of particular Odawa bands, rather than one history for all Anishinaabe communities.", "sourceIds": [ "an14-c3" ] }, { "title": "Public history in a Potawatomi museum", "text": "Citizen Potawatomi Nation's 2018 account of its Cultural Heritage Center presents oral tradition as a way of carrying history. Director Kelli Mosteller and artist Jennifer Randell explain how public interpretation connects ancestral experience with present responsibilities and future generations. Their account addresses colonial disruption while emphasizing continuity and renewal. This is a particular museum's interpretation, useful alongside other community voices; it should not become a universal prophetic timetable for every Anishinaabe nation.", "sourceIds": [ "p14-s2" ] }, { "title": "Community institutions and public memory", "text": "Forest County Potawatomi's historical timeline follows a particular Wisconsin community through political reorganization and institution building. Its later entries record a Tribal Court in 1994, a tribal newspaper in 1995, and a museum with a People of the Three Fires exhibit in 2002. These dated entries show different settings in which community life and public history developed. They describe Forest County institutions, not a single government shared by all Potawatomi or Anishinaabe peoples, and do not verify current operations.", "sourceIds": [ "an14-c4" ] }, { "title": "An Ontario political organization and its history", "text": "The Anishinabek Nation describes itself as an Ontario political advocate and identifies the Union of Ontario Indians, established in 1949, as its legal secretariat. Its history connects modern organizing with earlier Three Fires councils while also recording later institutional changes. The page explains a 2017 direction to retain the corporate name for legally binding agreements and use Anishinabek Nation otherwise. This organizational history does not turn all Anishinaabe people or independent First Nations into one government.", "sourceIds": [ "p14-s1" ] }, { "title": "A constitution with a defined participating context", "text": "Proclaimed in 2012, this constitution defines Anishinabek Nation through First Nations that proclaimed and signed it. It provides a Grand Council advised by Elders’, Women’s and Youth councils and calls for citizen consultation. Collective and individual First Nation laws operate together, with individual First Nation laws taking precedence where they exist. Its inclusive definition of Anishinaabemowin concerns the languages of its peoples; it does not establish one uniform dialect or a constitution for every Anishinaabe nation.", "sourceIds": [ "p14-s3" ] }, { "title": "Education roles and locally directed language work", "text": "In its 2024–25 report, the Kinoomaadziwin Education Body describes a system where local education authorities vary by First Nation, regional councils identify priorities, and the KEB provides central administrative support. Its language-strategy account connects surveys and community consultations with approval in November 2024, and describes locally directed work, including Lunaapeew support. The report documents an institution’s activities and planning; it does not establish uniform language conditions, independently measured outcomes, or participation by every Anishinaabe government.", "sourceIds": [ "an14-o3" ] }, { "title": "Community examples and youth educational priorities", "text": "The report of the April 2022 Niigaan Gdizhaami Forum records different educational experiences. Its Atikameksheng Anishnawbek example describes language immersion with speakers, music and conversation. Youth groups called for belonging, recognition of their experiences, responses to racism, and space for culture in schools. The report connects those messages with proposed next steps. These are accounts from particular projects and participants, rather than evidence that all Anishinaabe students have identical priorities or that the recommendations were completed.", "sourceIds": [ "an14-o4" ] }, { "title": "A dictionary with identifiable regional voices", "text": "The Ojibwe People’s Dictionary centers Central Southwestern Ojibwe from Minnesota, Wisconsin and Canadian border-lakes communities. It uses a double-vowel writing system and identifies speakers and regional usage. Its word-building guide explains why an entry represents related inflected forms, rather than just one fixed spoken word. The project’s history describes collaboration with Elders and cultural collections. These features support learning while preserving differences; they do not establish a uniform standard for all Anishinaabe languages.", "sourceIds": [ "p14-s6" ] }, { "title": "A speaker’s account of documenting meaning", "text": "Writing from her Wiikwemkoong experience, Mary Ann Naokwegijig-Corbiere describes speaker workshops that checked and expanded vocabulary for an Odawa and Eastern Ojibwe dictionary. She explains that English glosses can hide grammatical information and social context, so entry forms, examples and usage variation need careful decisions. Her account makes documentation visible as ongoing judgment and collaboration. It is an educator’s situated analysis of her project, not evidence of uniform usage across every community.", "sourceIds": [ "an14-l2" ] }, { "title": "A particular intertribal commission", "text": "GLIFWC identifies its commission as staff working with member tribes on Ojibwe treaty rights and stewardship. Its directory connects particular bands with Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan, while its explanation links the institution to specific nineteenth-century treaties and continuing relationships with homelands. This is a way to locate participating governments and their own websites. It does not identify every Anishinaabe government or determine an individual reader’s citizenship or harvesting eligibility.", "sourceIds": [ "p14-s4" ] }, { "title": "Knowledge is grounded in relationships", "text": "GLIFWC specialist Michael Waasegiizhig Price describes Indigenous knowledge as localized, inherited through language, stories and lived relationships with a landscape. He argues that bringing it into research requires knowledge holders and elders to help shape the questions and design. His discussion also emphasizes their authority over knowledge, including refusal of its use. These are reasons to read ecological knowledge alongside community responsibilities, rather than treating it as information freely detached from its holders.", "sourceIds": [ "p14-s5" ] }, { "title": "Climate planning with community direction", "text": "The 2019 Tribal Climate Adaptation Menu emerged from collaborators who found existing planning tools insufficient for a tribally focused wild-rice project. Its authors place relationships and community priorities alongside ecological observations, rather than offering a single prescribed approach. They invite communities to adapt the framework to their own language, values and circumstances. The work draws specifically on Ojibwe and Menominee perspectives; their collaboration does not make these peoples interchangeable or establish one plan for all Anishinaabe nations.", "sourceIds": [ "an14-e3" ] }, { "title": "Learning through preparing and sharing food", "text": "GLIFWC’s 2013–2014 Mino Wiisinidaa reporting describes food teaching through particular community gatherings. LaTisha Coffin recalls Red Cliff children choosing fruit for their wild-rice salads; Owen Maroney later describes Lac Vieux Desert youth learning about wild rice with Roger LaBine. These examples connect food knowledge with practical learning and relationships across generations. They document activities from that project period, rather than a universal Anishinaabe diet, proof of health outcomes or an assurance that the same program operates today.", "sourceIds": [ "an14-e4" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "an14-c2", "title": "Our Culture / Neshnabé bmadzëwen — History", "author": "Pokagon Band of Potawatomi; institutional account, no individual byline displayed", "publisher": "Pokagon Band of Potawatomi", "url": "https://www.pokagonband-nsn.gov/our-culture/", "type": "Community-authored cultural and historical account", "topics": [ "Three Fires relationships", "Pokagon history", "Homeland continuity", "Recognition" ], "annotation": "Substantive public history from a particular Potawatomi government. Useful for differences within related peoples and continuity through removal pressures. Legal summaries, casualty estimates and court details are not independently established here. Other ritual and clan sections are outside the selected synthesis.", "publicationDate": "Undated; footer year is not treated as publication date", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Actual History section, web lines 511–522, and introductory culture paragraphs 499–503. Linked videos, archives and other sections not claimed as reviewed works.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "an14-c3", "title": "Our Land and Culture: A 200 Year History of Our Land Use", "author": "Wesley L. Andrews, research and writing; Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians community project", "publisher": "Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians", "url": "https://ltbbodawa-nsn.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Our-Land-and-Culture-for-web.pdf", "type": "Community-published historical book with elder interviews", "topics": [ "Odawa identity", "Land use", "Community histories", "Historical change" ], "annotation": "A tribal project combining documents and elder interviews, with youth participation. Its own introduction limits later history to Waganakising bands, including Beaver Islands, and distinguishes shared identity from specific belonging. Selected pages only; neither a full-book review nor current legal interpretation. Historical vocabulary and family records are not replicated.", "publicationDate": "November 2005; cover says compiled and printed then, not the 2021 upload date", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Visually inspected cover, contents, illustrations list, introduction printed 4–6, acknowledgements 7, chapter opening 29, and summary 43–44 (PDF 1–8,33–36,55–56, including intervening illustrations).", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p14-s2", "title": "Prophetic wisdom: The first of 11 new exhibits, the Seven Fires sets tribe on path to its future", "author": "Citizen Potawatomi Nation; no individual byline displayed", "publisher": "Citizen Potawatomi Nation", "url": "https://www.potawatomi.org/blog/2018/03/08/prophetic-wisdom-the-first-of-11-new-exhibits-the-seven-fires-sets-tribe-on-path-to-its-future/", "type": "Community-published museum interpretation", "topics": [ "Oral history", "Public interpretation", "Cultural continuity", "Potawatomi perspectives" ], "annotation": "A dated account of the Cultural Heritage Center's public exhibit, with named staff and artist perspectives. Read as Citizen Potawatomi interpretation. Prophetic details, sacred symbolism and precise migration chronology are not reproduced or made universal; its Three Fires role labels differ from other community accounts.", "publicationDate": "2018-03-08", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete article body, paragraphs on the reopening, Kelli Mosteller's and Jennifer Randell's interpretation, and concluding continuity statements; web lines 41–67.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "an14-c4", "title": "Timeline of Potawatomi History", "author": "Forest County Potawatomi Community; no individual byline displayed", "publisher": "Forest County Potawatomi Community", "url": "https://www.fcpotawatomi.com/cultural-preservation/timeline-of-potawatomi-history/", "type": "Community-published historical timeline", "topics": [ "Potawatomi institutions", "Public history", "Museums", "Community continuity" ], "annotation": "A substantial community chronology, counted as one work. Selected institutional entries add a Wisconsin perspective rather than a universal Anishinaabe history. Origin dates, treaty totals, population figures and imprecise legal labels are excluded. The timeline's endpoint is not evidence of present operations.", "publicationDate": "Undated; latest displayed timeline entry 2005", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Actual full timeline body read, web lines 59–171; synthesis uses 1937 and 1994–2002 institutional entries. A later same-day refetch timed out after successful initial inspection.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p14-s1", "title": "About Anishinabek Nation", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation / Union of Ontario Indians", "url": "https://anishinabek.ca/about-us/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Government", "Institutional history", "Three Fires", "Ontario" ], "annotation": "Substantive institutional history explains the legal secretariat, changing political organization and naming policy. This is the Ontario organization’s own account, not a definition of all Anishinaabe people. Undated membership and population totals are not adopted as current figures.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual About and History bodies read in full, web lines 145–163. Navigation, contacts, event notices and linked information-book flipbook excluded.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "dateBasis": "No article publication/update date displayed; the 2026 copyright and event notices are not article dates.", "sourceUnitKey": "anishinabek-nation-about-history" }, { "id": "p14-s3", "title": "Anishinaabe Chi-Naaknigewin — Anishinabek Nation Constitution", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Anishinaabe-Chi-Naaknigewin-modified.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led / primary constitutional text", "topics": [ "Government", "Law", "Language", "Participation" ], "annotation": "The constitutional text defines its participating First Nations, institutional language, citizen consultation and relationship between collective and First Nation laws. Its provisions are not proof of implementation or universal jurisdiction. The linked file omits the contents-listed signatory page and referenced territorial appendix.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual seven-page PDF: printed 4–7 (PDF 4–7), English definitions and Articles 1–11, plus title/contents/proclamation headers. No signatory roster, Appendix A or translated-preamble analysis claimed.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "proclaimedAt": "2012-06-06", "publicationDate": "Proclaimed June 6, 2012; document’s edition/publication day not established", "dateBasis": "Repeated PDF headers identify Grand Council Resolution 2012-21 and proclamation June 6, 2012. The 2016/05 directory is not the proclamation date.", "sourceUnitKey": "anishinaabe-chi-naaknigewin-2012" }, { "id": "an14-o3", "title": "Anishinabek Education System Annual General Report 2024–2025", "publisher": "Kinoomaadziwin Education Body", "url": "https://aes-keb.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/2024-2025-Annual-General-Report-08Sept2025.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led / institutional report", "topics": [ "Education", "Governance", "Language planning", "Community direction" ], "annotation": "Selected report pages explain local, regional and central education roles and describe language-strategy consultation and work. Activities and approval are the institution’s dated account, not independent outcome findings. Its reporting period, filename and upload directory have different meanings.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 36-page PDF: cover, printed 5–7, 14–15, 17, 25–30 read as text; page 7 visually checked. No full-report, linked-strategy, resource-kit or outcome-audit review.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "reportingPeriod": "2024–2025", "publicationDate": "Publication day not established; filename dated September 8, 2025", "dateBasis": "Title establishes the 2024–2025 reporting period. The filename identifies September 8, 2025 but does not independently prove release date. The 2026/08 URL directory is not treated as the reporting year.", "landingUrl": "https://aes-keb.com/publications/reports/", "sourceUnitKey": "keb-annual-general-report-2024-2025" }, { "id": "an14-o4", "title": "Anishinabek Education System: Niigaan Gdizhaami Forum — We Are Moving Forward Together, Annual Forum Report", "publisher": "Kinoomaadziwin Education Body", "url": "https://aes-keb.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/AES-Niigaan-Gdizhaami-Forum-Report-2022-FINAL.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led / community education report", "topics": [ "Education", "Youth perspectives", "Language", "Local initiatives" ], "annotation": "Event report preserves region-specific priorities, community project descriptions and youth group messages. Its summaries are useful primary institutional evidence of what was reported and proposed; they do not measure every student’s views or verify lasting project outcomes.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 24-page PDF: title/copyright 2, introduction 7–10, selected project 16–17, curriculum/language 18, transitions 19, youth 20–21 and next steps 23 read as text. No videos, ceremonies or linked documents reviewed.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "2022", "eventDates": "2022-04-20/2022-04-21", "dateBasis": "Report title dates the forum April 20–21, 2022 and publisher copyright is 2022; the 2026/08 upload path is not the event year. Exact release day not established.", "landingUrl": "https://aes-keb.com/publications/reports/", "sourceUnitKey": "keb-niigaan-gdizhaami-forum-report-2022" }, { "id": "p14-s6", "title": "Ojibwe People’s Dictionary: language, speakers and selected documentation guides", "publisher": "Ojibwe People’s Dictionary; University of Minnesota American Indian Studies and University Libraries, with Ojibwe contributors", "author": "Nora Livesay, editor; John D. Nichols, founder and linguistic editor; contributing Ojibwe speakers", "url": "https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/about-ojibwe-language", "type": "Community collaboration / language documentation", "topics": [ "Language", "Regional variation", "Community collaboration", "Learning" ], "annotation": "A regionally focused dictionary collection explains spelling, speaker attribution and word-building. Selected methodology and contributor accounts were read together as one work. Historical speaker figures and undated biographical roles are not treated as current; no audio was played.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual language introduction, project history, regional key and selected English contributor accounts; word-stem and audio-method text inspected. Scope is selected text, not the complete dictionary.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceUnitKey": "ojibwe-peoples-dictionary-collection", "dateBasis": "The inspected informational pages give no article publication day. The 2012–2026 copyright range is not a fresh census or publication date.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "About the project", "url": "https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/about", "scope": "History, collaboration and project goals." }, { "title": "Ojibwe Voices", "url": "https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/about/voices", "scope": "Selected English contributor accounts." }, { "title": "Key to Regions", "url": "https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/help/regions", "scope": "Regional attribution explanation and key." }, { "title": "Understanding Word Stems, Word Parts and Word Families", "url": "https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/understanding-word-stems-word-parts-and-word-families", "scope": "Stem selection and word-family explanation." }, { "title": "Understanding Audio and Example Sentences", "url": "https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/understanding-audio-and-example-sentences", "scope": "Recording and translation methodology text." } ] }, { "id": "an14-l2", "title": "Ngii-mchwe-mkoshin: One Speaker’s Experiences in Compiling a Dictionary by Trial and Error", "author": "Mary Ann Corbiere (Mary Ann Naokwegijig-Corbiere)", "publisher": "Proceedings of the 27th Stabilizing Indigenous Languages Symposium: Language From the Four Directions; Queen’s University journal platform", "url": "https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/SILS27/article/download/15222/12862/59050", "landingUrl": "https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/SILS27/article/view/15222", "type": "Indigenous-authored / language education scholarship", "topics": [ "Language documentation", "Odawa", "Eastern Ojibwe", "Community scholarship", "Translation" ], "annotation": "A Wiikwemkoong speaker and educator explains community checking, translation and learner-oriented dictionary decisions. Selected substantive pages were read beyond the abstract. Her project experience and proposals are attributed, not treated as universal usage rules or evidence of present speaker numbers.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 19-page article PDF: printed 105–109 and 118–122, including personal/project context, speaker checking, translation examples and conclusion. Not a whole-paper or dictionary reading claim.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "2026-05-13", "citation": "Proceedings volume 27 (2025); paper adapted from the SILS 27 workshop in 2021. Publisher online date: May 13, 2026.", "sourceUnitKey": "corbiere-dictionary-trial-and-error-sils27", "dateBasis": "Official article landing page gives Published 2026-05-13 and volume 27 (2025). The PDF describes adaptation from the 2021 workshop. These are distinct dates.", "paginationNote": "PDF’s suggested citation lists pp. 104–123, but the actual 19-page file ends on printed 122. Inspected pages are identified from their printed numbers; no absent page 123 review is claimed." }, { "id": "p14-s4", "title": "The Commission — member bands and Ojibwe Ceded Territories", "publisher": "Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission", "url": "https://glifwc.org/about-us/commission", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Member governments", "Treaty relationships", "Institutional scope" ], "annotation": "A short commission explanation and member-band directory. Useful for identifying this particular intertribal institution and treaty context; retained as supporting orientation rather than a full substantive study.", "publicationDate": "Undated web page; footer copyright year is not a publication date", "contentReviewScope": "Actual introductory text, member-band/state links, Ceded Territories paragraphs and Voigt note read. Linked governments, maps and legal materials were not thereby inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Short explanatory orientation interspersed with a directory; do not use it to fill the substantive target.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21" }, { "id": "p14-s5", "title": "Indigenous Knowledge, with Anishinaabe Insights: A closer look at TEK", "author": "GLIFWC; linked article by Michael Waasegiizhig Price, GLIFWC TEK Specialist", "publisher": "Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission / Mazina’igan", "url": "https://glifwc.org/language-culture/indigenous-knowledge", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Knowledge relationships", "Research design", "Indigenous data sovereignty" ], "annotation": "The overview and its linked Price article are grouped once. The article explains localized knowledge and meaningful knowledge-holder participation. Comparative examples from other peoples and dated federal-policy descriptions are not adopted as Anishinaabe facts or current law.", "publicationDate": "Overview undated; GLIFWC identifies the Price article as originally published Winter 2022–2023", "contentReviewScope": "Actual overview explanatory paragraphs and full linked Price article body read. No interviews, recordings, forms, store books or underlying vulnerability assessment were inspected through these pages.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Anishinaabe Insights: A closer look at TEK — Indigenous knowledge finds its way into science & policy", "url": "https://glifwc.org/about-us/news/anishinaabe-insights-closer-look-tek-indigenous-knowledge-finds-its-way-science", "scope": "Full public article body; overview supplies its Winter 2022–2023 original-publication attribution." } ], "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21" }, { "id": "an14-e3", "title": "Dibaginjigaadeg Anishinaabe Ezhitwaad: A Tribal Climate Adaptation Menu", "author": "Tribal Adaptation Menu Team", "publisher": "Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission; public reading copy hosted by USDA Forest Service", "url": "https://research.fs.usda.gov/download/treesearch/58352.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Climate adaptation", "Community direction", "Reciprocity", "Planning" ], "annotation": "A collaborative planning framework drawing on Ojibwe and Menominee perspectives, which remain distinct peoples. Selected introductions and planning passages explain local adaptation and relationships. One work, including its Guiding Principles; no separate chapter counts.", "publicationDate": "2019, as cited in the actual document", "contentReviewScope": "Actual PDF 52 pages total: citation/abstract 2 and selected front-matter authorship/contents; guiding-principles pages 8–11,14–15; introductory note 16, overview 17, observation 23 and engagement 24. Selected text only, not a full-work read.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "USDA Forest Service bibliographic record", "url": "https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/58352", "scope": "Publisher/host distinction and 2019 bibliographic citation; not an extra source unit." } ], "rightsNote": "The selected introduction invites context-specific use and tailoring. No blanket reuse licence or public-domain status is asserted; no art, photos, maps, personal stories or interview material are proposed for republication.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21" }, { "id": "an14-e4", "title": "Mino Wiisinidaa! — selected 2013–2014 community food-teaching reports", "author": "LaTisha Coffin (2013) and Owen Maroney (2014)", "publisher": "Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission, Mazina’igan", "url": "https://glifwc.org/sites/default/files/uploads/documents/2024-07/2013%20Dagwaagin%20%28Fall%29%20Mazina%27igan.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Foodways", "Intergenerational education", "Community programs" ], "annotation": "Two related project reports are treated as one conservative collection. They describe particular teaching activities and plans, rather than a representative food survey, present program audit or clinical evaluation. No recipes or plant-use instructions are reproduced.", "publicationDate": "Fall 2013 and Spring/Summer 2014; upload-folder dates are not publication dates", "contentReviewScope": "Actual Fall 2013 printed 11/PDF 11 article by Coffin; Spring/Summer 2014 printed 18/PDF 17 article by Maroney. Article bodies and bylines read; the complete issues and finished cookbook/DVD were not reviewed.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Mino Wiisinidaa demos end — Cook book/DVD in production", "url": "https://glifwc.org/sites/default/files/uploads/documents/2024-07/2014%20Ziigwan.Niibin%20%28Spring.Summer%29%20Mazina%27igan.pdf", "scope": "Actual dated article on printed 18/PDF 17, including the Lac Vieux Desert youth example; no recipes republished." } ], "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 265, 274, 307 ], "relationshipNote": "Anishinaabe is a wider and context-dependent identity, linked here to Ojibwe, Odawa, and Potawatomi. The Three Fires relationship, Ontario's Anishinabek Nation, GLIFWC, and individual sovereign communities have different scopes and are not interchangeable names.", "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "researchGaps": [ "Broaden direct community histories and Indigenous scholarship beyond the selected Great Lakes and Ontario examples; these institutions do not represent all Anishinaabe peoples.", "Investigate additional Algonquin, Saulteaux and other community-specific uses of related identities through their own sources; shared names do not justify automatic affiliation or interchangeable language labels.", "Review current constitutional ratifiers/amendments, education-system participants and project outcomes separately. Reported approvals and activities are not independent outcome evaluations.", "The full Odawa/Eastern Ojibwe dictionary, GLIFWC treaty guide,2023 vulnerability assessment and finished food cookbook remain unread leads. No recordings were listened to and no map/media reuse licence is inferred.", "Keep differing Three Fires interpretations attributed. No universal duty chart, precise migration timetable, current population/speaker count, individual harvesting eligibility or restricted cultural instructions is supplied. Community review remains open." ], "overviewSourceIds": [ "an14-c2", "an14-c3" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Adequate initial introduction", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "rationale": "Thirteen substantive inspected works or conservative collections support an accessible introduction through specific community histories, governance, language scholarship, education, knowledge relationships, climate planning and food teaching. The short commission directory remains supporting context. Actual selected-page limits and differing institutional participation are explicit. This meets the twelve-source quantity target without implying a comprehensive history or community endorsement; coverage supports continuing alphabetically with the stated gaps.", "remainingLimits": [ "The selected Great Lakes/Ontario examples are not an exhaustive account of every people or community using Anishinaabe identity.", "Current institutional participation, constitutional amendments, outcomes and speaker totals require separate dated verification." ] }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Fourteen source cards support thirteen substantive works/collections and one short supporting commission guide. Separate reports are distinct works; dictionary subpages and related food-program articles are grouped conservatively.", "Anishinabek Nation membership, constitutional signatories, education-system participation, GLIFWC member bands and broad peoplehood have different scopes. Menominee collaboration on the climate framework does not make Menominee a synonym of Anishinaabe.", "The seven-page constitution file omits the contents-listed signatory page and referenced territorial appendix. No roster, boundary or current implementation claim follows.", "LTBB history publication is November2005, not2021upload. Corbiere’s2021workshop,2025volume and2026online release are distinct. Her download ends on printed122 despite a suggested104–123citation.", "The observed GLIFWC store download terms were not accepted. The guide and inaccessible2023assessment add no count. Selected public newspaper articles and the distinct USDA-hosted2019Menu were read without using that store flow; no blanket reuse permission, images, source data or ceremonies are republished.", "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-04", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "an14-c2", "reason": "Begin with a particular Potawatomi government’s attributed history." }, { "sourceId": "an14-c3", "reason": "Compare the selected Waganakising Odawa community history." }, { "sourceId": "p14-s6", "reason": "Read the dictionary’s regional and contributor methodology rather than treating all identities as interchangeable." } ], "scopeNote": "Curation of the existing developed collection. The original overview, substantive sections, full source collection, review dates, scopes and adequacy assessment are retained. The route remains unfinished; no new global work or history expansion is claimed.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "remainingQuestions": [ "Broaden direct community histories and Indigenous scholarship beyond the selected Great Lakes and Ontario examples; these institutions do not represent all Anishinaabe peoples.", "Investigate additional Algonquin, Saulteaux and other community-specific uses of related identities through their own sources; shared names do not justify automatic affiliation or interchangeable language labels.", "Review current constitutional ratifiers/amendments, education-system participants and project outcomes separately. Reported approvals and activities are not independent outcome evaluations.", "The full Odawa/Eastern Ojibwe dictionary, GLIFWC treaty guide,2023 vulnerability assessment and finished food cookbook remain unread leads. No recordings were listened to and no map/media reuse licence is inferred.", "Keep differing Three Fires interpretations attributed. No universal duty chart, precise migration timetable, current population/speaker count, individual harvesting eligibility or restricted cultural instructions is supplied. Community review remains open." ], "completionLabel": "Still unfinished", "imageRecordId": "anishinaabe-bandolier-bag-slam" }, "added": false, "slug": "anishinaabe", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "originalId": 15, "name": "Anishininew", "region": "Canada / Subarctic", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Anishininew and related spellings have community-specific meanings. This reading path centers Island Lake community accounts alongside distinct northern Ontario histories, language studies, schools and regional cooperation. Local self-identification guides the use of names.", "sections": [ { "title": "A community’s own guidance on identity", "text": "Wasagamack’s guide presents Anisininew as its preferred identity and rejects treating its people as simply part Cree and part Ojibwe. Its timeline recalls Island Lake statements in 2018 and a wider naming announcement in February 2024. The guide links language, shared history and self-determination. This is local community guidance, rather than permission to rename every northern Ontario nation or replace the spellings used by particular communities.", "sourceIds": [ "p15-s1" ] }, { "title": "Big Trout Lake's local historical account", "text": "KI's history places Anishinewuk families around Big Trout Lake within relationships sustained through seasonal gatherings and shared responsibilities. It dates the local Treaty 9 adhesion to July 5, 1929 and records elders' understanding that people would retain authority over customary lands and resources. The account then follows settlements developing separate administrations. These are KI's historical narrative and oral understandings, rather than a single history or present legal rule for every Anishininew community.", "sourceIds": [ "p15-s6" ] }, { "title": "Sandy Lake's connections and public memory", "text": "Sandy Lake's 2017–18 welcome guide recalls connections with Deer Lake, North Spirit Lake and Keewaywin. Its historical account links family movement and settlement with changing band administration. The timeline also remembers the 2010 Treaty 5 centenary through community events and a painting by Bart Meekis and Robert Kakegamic. This is a particular community's dated account, showing why neighboring nations' histories and political institutions should remain distinct.", "sourceIds": [ "an15-h2" ] }, { "title": "Recording community treaty memory", "text": "In 2018 Senate testimony, KI's Donald Morris described documenting elders' knowledge of the 1929 treaty relationship. His account connected this historical work with community declarations and governance planning. He presented treaty-making as an ongoing relationship requiring renewal and reciprocal respect. This public statement shows a community actively recording and interpreting its history; it is testimony about KI's understanding, not a finding that its interpretation matches every Crown document or another nation's account.", "sourceIds": [ "an15-h3" ] }, { "title": "School change and community learning", "text": "Butch Rabasto’s school account describes a transition from George Knott School to Wasagamack First Nation School during the 2021–2022 term. It places traditional learning, language and Elder guidance within education under the Wasagamack Education Authority. These are the school’s stated priorities and institutional history. They do not establish measured student outcomes, present enrolment or one educational program shared by every Anishininew community.", "sourceIds": [ "p15-s2" ] }, { "title": "A distinct Garden Hill school context", "text": "Garden Hill’s school describes secondary education through English with Anisinimowin and cultural learning integrated. It identifies families, Elders and Knowledge Keepers as partners. The short introduction helps readers locate a particular educational institution; its aspirations should not be mistaken for an independent evaluation or the same school system as Wasagamack’s.", "sourceIds": [ "p15-s3" ] }, { "title": "Studying language change at Wunnumin Lake", "text": "At Wunnumin Lake, Grenier Mintenko compared elicited speech and recorded conversations from selected adult speakers of different generations. Her 2001 study examines sound, grammatical and vocabulary variation, arguing that change should not automatically be judged as decay. She also identifies concerns for language maintenance and calls for wider studies. These are analyses of a limited local sample, rather than a current vitality assessment or an outsider definition of all Anishininew people.", "sourceIds": [ "ai15-l1" ] }, { "title": "Language and community place-name research", "text": "Wojtuszewska’s 2019 thesis examines place-name documentation at Wasagamack. It builds on an earlier community naming project and Elder-guided interviews, rather than independently inventing names. The researcher interprets this work as connecting language, cultural knowledge and relationships with land. She acknowledges her own language barrier and the study’s inability to demonstrate revitalization within its timeframe. Its value lies in a scoped account of documentation and community priorities, rather than proof that mapping alone restores language.", "sourceIds": [ "ai15-l2" ] }, { "title": "Cooperation among distinct community governments", "text": "Four Arrows describes itself as an organization created and governed by Garden Hill, St. Theresa Point, Red Sucker Lake and Wasagamack. Its history traces collective planning in 1999, authorization by the four chiefs in 2000 and regional health responsibilities in 2001. This institutional account shows a particular form of cooperation among communities. It neither establishes one government for every Anishininew person nor verifies the page’s undated descriptions of present services.", "sourceIds": [ "p15-s4" ] }, { "title": "Food sovereignty includes community direction", "text": "FARHA’s Kimeechiminan program presents food sovereignty through connections among land, language, teaching and food sharing. Its stated objectives include community food production, learning resources, sharing networks and changes to food policy. The page describes gardening and food-skills projects, alongside ambitions for local enterprise. These are the program’s purposes and examples, rather than evidence of clinical benefits, guaranteed food access or the present operation of every project listed.", "sourceIds": [ "p15-s5" ] }, { "title": "Learning from a local food-education study", "text": "Michnik, Thompson and Beardy’s 2021 article draws on Garden Hill participation during 2017–2018, including farm youth and other community members. Interviews and photo-based research informed locally grounded ideas for food education. Participants emphasized learning on the land and identified barriers involving cost, technology and opportunities for young women. The study offers community-informed educational priorities, rather than a survey of all Anishininew people or a test of health outcomes.", "sourceIds": [ "ani15-f3" ] }, { "title": "Community priorities in research governance", "text": "Research guidance prepared for FARHA in July 2023 presents research as a partnership accountable to Island Lake communities. It emphasizes involvement of leadership, Elders and participants, informed consent, control over research data and communicating findings back to the region. This public document shows how an institution articulates responsibilities toward its communities. Its recommendations are not proof of present legal force, implementation or one research policy for every Anishininew nation.", "sourceIds": [ "ani15-f4" ] }, { "title": "A partially inspected scholarly reading lead", "text": "Ariss and Cutfeet's 2011 introduction frames KI's mining dispute as a meeting of different legal systems and asks whether courts recognized the community's own law. Cutfeet's author note identifies his earlier KI lands-and-environment role. Only these opening pages were inspected before deeper access failed. The article remains a reading lead for its detailed analysis, rather than an additional fully reviewed historical work or present legal guidance.", "sourceIds": [ "an15-h4" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p15-s1", "title": "Welcome to Wasagamack Anisininew Nation — community guide", "publisher": "Wasagamack Anisininew Nation / Teach For Canada", "url": "https://teachforcanada.ca/en/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Wasagamack-Anisininew-Nation-2024_Pages-1.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led / community educational guide", "topics": [ "Identity", "Community history", "Education", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community welcome, timeline and language guidance give a locally grounded account. Count the selected guide once. Its historical statements and self-description remain attributed; dated figures, future construction promises and private contact details are excluded.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 16-page PDF downloaded normally after web size failure. Read PDF 3–9, especially printed 2–7: welcome, timeline, location, naming and school. Selected guide, not complete review or independent chronology verification.", "publicationDate": "2024 guide designation; exact release day not established", "dateBasis": "Filename identifies2024 and timeline includes February2024. No separate release imprint was found in the selected opening/end pages; directory date alone is not an independently verified publication day.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p15-s6", "title": "KI History", "author": "Kitchenuhmaykoosib Inninuwug; institutional account, no individual byline displayed", "publisher": "Kitchenuhmaykoosib Inninuwug", "url": "https://ki-btl.ca/history", "type": "Indigenous community historical account", "topics": [ "Homelands", "Local identity", "Oral treaty understandings", "Political organization" ], "annotation": "KI's own public history uses Anishinewuk locally and includes an older declaration with other naming. Oral treaty understandings remain attributed. Read as a situated account, not a universal ethnonym, verified present jurisdiction or inventory of current institutions.", "publicationDate": "Undated; includes a 1996 declaration and a 2016 gathering reference, neither establishes whole-page publication date", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Complete actual HTML history, web lines 3–116. Synthesis selects family territories, gatherings, 1929 adhesion, attributed oral understanding and later administrations; excludes figures and current claims.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "an15-h2", "title": "Welcome to Sandy Lake First Nation, 2017–2018", "author": "Sandy Lake First Nation community guide; welcome letter by Troy A. Kakepetum, Sandy Lake Board of Education", "publisher": "Sandy Lake First Nation / Teach For Canada", "url": "https://teachforcanada.ca/en/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Sandy-Lake-WEB.pdf", "type": "Community welcome and historical guide", "topics": [ "Northern Ontario", "Community connections", "Local history", "Commemoration" ], "annotation": "Community welcome and history, explicitly acknowledging the First Nation website as a historical source. The guide's Anishinabek/Anishinabeck and Oji-Cree wording is local and dated. Do not impose it on Island Lake or infer present identity from a language label.", "publicationDate": "2017–2018 edition, printed on cover", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Actual cover and printed 2–6 (PDF 3–7): education welcome, history, timeline and land overview. Timeline printed 5/PDF 6 visually verified; sensitive narrative details excluded.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "an15-h3", "title": "Standing Senate Committee on Aboriginal Peoples, Issue 45 — Evidence, October 24, 2018: Kitchenuhmaykoosib Inninuwug testimony", "author": "Donald (Donny) Morris, speaking for KI; subsequent discussion with Noah A. Chapman and Bob John Fox", "publisher": "Senate of Canada", "url": "https://sencanada.ca/en/Content/SEN/Committee/421/appa/45ev-54328-e", "type": "Public primary testimony by community representatives", "topics": [ "Historical memory", "Oral testimony", "Homeland responsibilities", "Community governance" ], "annotation": "A public primary statement of KI's perspective, preserved by Parliament. Descriptions of research and declarations do not constitute inspection of those underlying documents. Treaty interpretation, proposals and political assertions remain the witnesses' testimony rather than adopted legal findings.", "publicationDate": "2018-10-24 hearing; webpage posting date not independently established", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Actual KI opening statement and subsequent discussion, web lines 245–365; synthesis uses 263–275 on documenting elder testimony and the continuing treaty relationship. Earlier Kaska testimony excluded.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p15-s2", "title": "Wasagamack First Nation School: A new educational landmark in Wasagamack", "author": "Butch Rabasto", "publisher": "Wasagamack First Nation School / George Knott School website", "url": "https://george-knott-school.ca/GKSprofile.html", "type": "Community school publication", "topics": [ "Education", "Institutional history", "Community direction" ], "annotation": "An authored school account describes the transition from George Knott School and the role of language, culture and Elders in learning. Institutional aspirations are attributed; enrolment totals and generic promotional claims are not adopted.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual full HTML article and byline read, including transition narrative and curriculum paragraph. Administrative list and older terminology do not establish current services or preferred names.", "publicationDate": "Undated article referring to2021–2022school term", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p15-s3", "title": "About Garden Hill Anisininew Nation High School", "publisher": "Garden Hill Anisininew Nation High School", "url": "https://www.gardenhillhighschool.ca/about", "type": "Indigenous-led / school introduction", "topics": [ "Education", "Language", "Families" ], "annotation": "Brief institutional introduction links secondary learning with families, Anisinimowin and Elders. Retained as supporting orientation; its aspirations and short general description do not fill the substantive target or verify outcomes.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete substantive About body, language/community lines and Elder paragraph read. Linked newsletters, curricula and activities were not inspected; footer year is not an article date.", "publicationDate": "Undated", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "ai15-l1", "title": "eh-ani-pahkaanikiishweyank: Approaching Language Change in Anihshininiimowin", "author": "Kimberley D. Grenier Mintenko", "publisher": "University of Manitoba, Department of Linguistics; M.A. thesis", "url": "https://mspace.lib.umanitoba.ca/bitstream/1993/2595/1/MQ62738.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Language change", "Wunnumin Lake", "Research methods", "Language education" ], "annotation": "A local study compares elicited speech and conversations across adult generations. The researcher distinguishes change from automatic decline, while identifying limits and maintenance concerns. Selected methods and conclusion were read; historic vitality statements and linguistic classifications do not establish present conditions or override local identity.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 105-page PDF: title/imprint; printed 1–7 and 88–91 (PDF 12–18,99–102). Title and printed 88 visually checked. No whole-thesis or recording review.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "publicationDate": "2001", "dateBasis": "Actual title/copyright page says August 2001; no separate online-publication day established.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceUnitKey": "grenier-mintenko-wunnumin-language-change-2001" }, { "id": "ai15-l2", "title": "On the Importance of Language: Reclaiming Indigenous Place Names at Wasagamack First Nation, Manitoba, Canada", "author": "Veronica Wojtuszewska", "publisher": "University of Manitoba, Natural Resources Institute; Master of Natural Resources Management thesis", "url": "https://mspace.lib.umanitoba.ca/bitstream/handle/1993/33841/Veronica_Wojtuszewska.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1", "landingUrl": "https://mspace.lib.umanitoba.ca/items/2280e464-b36b-46b6-a24e-ee673d9099a2", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Language", "Community naming project", "Research methods", "Wasagamack" ], "annotation": "Research builds on an earlier community-led naming archive and Elder-guided interviews. It presents a researcher’s interpretation of language and place, with explicit methodological limits. Mapping details, personal testimony and present vitality claims are not reproduced or generalized.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 125-page PDF: title/imprint; printed 8–9,19–24,27–29,34–36,73–76, with scope limited to methods, context and conclusions. Maps, name lists and personal statements are not reused.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "publicationDate": "2019", "dateBasis": "Actual thesis title/copyright gives 2019; university item record independently agrees. No exact thesis-release day established.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceUnitKey": "wojtuszewska-wasagamack-place-names-2019" }, { "id": "p15-s4", "title": "About FARHA — collective conception and institutional history", "publisher": "Four Arrows Regional Health Authority", "url": "https://fourarrowsrha.org/about-farha/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Regional cooperation", "Institutional history", "Community governance" ], "publicationDate": "Undated institutional page", "annotation": "A substantive primary institutional account of planning, authorization and regional responsibility, rather than a bare homepage. Historical milestones remain attributed to FARHA; its undated “present situation” is not a verified current-service inventory.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual public history, community names, mission and vision text read. Linked resolutions, services, annual reports and medical programs were not reviewed through this card.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21" }, { "id": "p15-s5", "title": "Kimeechiminan — Food Security", "publisher": "Four Arrows Regional Health Authority", "url": "https://fourarrowsrha.org/kimeechiminan-food-security/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Food sovereignty", "Community direction", "Food sharing", "Learning" ], "publicationDate": "Undated page containing examples from different periods", "annotation": "Substantive program account of food-system leadership, land and language connections, sharing, gardening and learning. Goals and project descriptions are not measured outcomes or dated confirmation that every listed activity continues.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual vision, goals, objectives, project descriptions and staff-context text read. Videos, recipes, external projects and clinical evidence were not inspected; old examples and present-tense wording are treated cautiously.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21" }, { "id": "ani15-f3", "title": "Moving Your Body, Soul, and Heart to Share and Harvest Food: Food Systems Education for Youth and Indigenous Food Sovereignty in Garden Hill First Nation, Manitoba", "author": "Kaylee Michnik, Shirley Thompson and Byron Beardy", "publisher": "Canadian Food Studies / La Revue canadienne des études sur l’alimentation", "url": "https://canadianfoodstudies.uwaterloo.ca/index.php/cfs/article/view/446", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Garden Hill", "Participatory research", "Youth education", "Food sovereignty" ], "publicationDate": "2021-08-05; volume8(2),111–136", "annotation": "Community-partnered qualitative research contributes participant-defined educational priorities and barriers. It is specific to Garden Hill and its small selected participant group; no representative prevalence, clinical effect or current-program claim follows.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual selected PDF text: title 111, context 117–118, methods 119, themes 120–121, barriers 126–127, conclusion 128–129. Publisher date and licence inspected. The 26-page article was not read in full.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "doi": "10.15353/cfs-rcea.v8i2.446", "licenseShort": "CC BY4.0, as displayed by the publisher for this2021 issue", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Actual article PDF", "url": "https://canadianfoodstudies.uwaterloo.ca/index.php/cfs/article/download/446/411/3066", "scope": "Selected substantive pages beyond abstract, including methods and participant-defined barriers; one work." } ], "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21" }, { "id": "ani15-f4", "title": "Guidelines for Ethical Conduct of Health Research in Island Lake Anisininew Nations, Manitoba", "author": "Dr. Chukwudumebi Onyiuke", "publisher": "Four Arrows Regional Health Authority; prepared for FARHA Health Research and Policy Unit", "url": "https://fourarrowsrha.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/FARHA-ILAN-policy-on-health-research-ethics-v2.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led / institutional publication", "topics": [ "Research governance", "Partnership", "Consent", "Data sovereignty" ], "publicationDate": "Prepared July2023, as stated on printed1; release day not established", "annotation": "A region-specific, publicly issued guidance document about research relationships and responsibilities. Authorship, preparation date and institutional purpose are explicit. Its prescriptions do not establish present legislation, formal ratification, universal jurisdiction or demonstrated implementation.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual cover/date/authorship, contents, introduction 3 and selected governance/partnership/data/consent text 9–18 read (PDF 10–19). Actual file has 24 PDF pages including cover; printed pagination runs 1–23. No full-work claim.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21" }, { "id": "an15-h4", "title": "Kitchenuhmaykoosib Inninuwug First Nation: Mining, Consultation, Reconciliation and Law", "author": "Rachel Ariss and John Cutfeet", "publisher": "Indigenous Law Journal, University of Toronto", "url": "https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/ilj/article/view/27637", "readingUrl": "https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/ilj/article/download/27637/20368/62630", "type": "Community-coauthored scholarly article — selected introduction only", "topics": [ "Historical disputes", "Legal perspectives", "Attribution", "Research leads" ], "publicationDate": "2011, Volume 10 Issue 1, printed journal imprint; landing page separately displays 2017-01-07", "annotation": "The actual introduction is useful but does not justify claiming the full analysis reviewed. Deeper retrieval redirected to explicit publisher emergency maintenance. Retain outside the substantive count pending fuller inspection;2017 record dating must not replace the 2011 journal imprint.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Actual PDF printed 1–4 only, including author notes, 2006 dispute introduction and analytical aims. Later historical/legal sections were not read. No valid local article PDF saved.", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Partial introduction only; deeper historical analysis remains unread. Conservatively excluded rather than padding this bounded batch.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Actual selected PDF introduction", "url": "https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/ilj/article/download/27637/20368/62630", "scope": "Initially supplied printed 1–4; subsequent request returned publisher maintenance notice." } ] } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relationshipNote": "Anishininew/Anisininew is not an interchangeable label for Cree or Anishinaabe. Island Lake’s four nations are one regional grouping; community names and spellings in northern Ontario also need their own context.", "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "researchGaps": [ "Broaden community-authored perspectives beyond the selected Island Lake, KI, Sandy Lake and Wunnumin Lake accounts. Do not turn language similarity into an automatic list of peoples or governments.", "Verify school opening and transition chronology independently: the community guide labels2020, while Rabasto narrates2021–22and2022. No single exact opening date is chosen here.", "Seek current community-directed language and educational research before making present vitality, learner, enrolment or program-outcome claims.", "Ariss and Cutfeet’s detailed2011analysis remains unread beyond its introduction after publisher maintenance. Current legal outcomes, treaty interpretations and institutional membership need separate original evidence.", "Community place-name archives and interviews have their own authority and permissions. No precise family lands, mapped naming data, restricted sites, private testimony, photographs or practical recipes are republished; community review remains open." ], "overviewSourceIds": [ "p15-s1", "p15-s6" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Adequate initial introduction", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "rationale": "Eleven substantive works support a useful introduction through local identity and history, language research, education, food teaching and regional research governance. A brief school page and a partially inspected scholarly introduction remain outside the substantive count. Further actual article access failed during publisher maintenance; older search results and unread material were not used to pad the collection. Coverage supports continuing alphabetically with explicit gaps, while the twelve-source quantity target remains unreached.", "remainingLimits": [ "Local naming, institutional participation and historical interpretations vary; Island Lake guidance is not imposed on every northern Ontario community.", "These dated and selected readings do not establish current language vitality, program outcomes, research completion or community endorsement." ] }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Thirteen cards support eleven substantive works and two supporting references. The brief Garden Hill introduction and partially inspected Ariss/Cutfeet article do not fill the target.", "Wasagamack’s preferred identity, KI’s local Anishinewuk and older declaration wording, Sandy Lake’s dated language, and scholarly dialect classifications are attributed within their own contexts.", "The2017–18Sandy Lake guide,2001language thesis,2019place-name thesis,2021food article,2018hearing and research guidance prepared July2023 have distinct dates and purposes. Upload folders do not redetermine those dates.", "FARHA institutional/program accounts and research guidance are primary statements of purposes or prescriptions, not a current clinical-service inventory or independent proof of effects.", "No source map, personal testimony, sensitive location or whole underlying community database has been republished or independently reviewed through these excerpts." ], "added": false, "slug": "anishininew", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska", "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-MB", "name": "Manitoba", "key": "ca-mb" } ] }, { "name": "Anvik Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Anvik Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 808; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "anvik-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 16, "name": "Apache", "region": "Southwest / Mexico", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Apache is a broad label spanning distinct peoples and governments. This reading path follows particular community histories, displacement, institutions and educational work, with a dated Jicarilla constitutional example and clear limits on older sources.", "sections": [ { "title": "Plains Apache identity and historical scholarship", "text": "Dianna Everett's 2010 history describes the Apache Tribe of Oklahoma as a distinct linguistic and cultural community despite long relationships with other Plains peoples. Her account connects bison hunting with later reservation confinement and allotment, while acknowledging disagreements among historical and ethnographic interpretations. This Plains Apache history is a specific regional trajectory. It should be read alongside community perspectives, with the tribe kept distinct from Fort Sill's Chiricahua descendants.", "sourceIds": [ "p16-s1" ] }, { "title": "Two distinct peoples within the Yavapai-Apache Nation", "text": "The Yavapai-Apache Nation’s own introduction identifies Yavapai and Apache as two distinct peoples and gives separate self-names and language affiliations. It locates the nation through five communities in Arizona’s Verde Valley. A shared government therefore should not flatten those identities into one interchangeable ethnic label. This concise primary page supplies orientation; its population figures are explicitly dated 2019, and its undated services list is not a verified current inventory.", "sourceIds": [ "p16-s2" ] }, { "title": "A San Carlos account of land and forced change", "text": "The San Carlos Apache Tribe’s history describes seasonal movement between river valleys and higher country, linking planting, gathering and hunting with a varied landscape. It then recounts settler encroachment, confinement and assimilation policies that disrupted those relationships. Its schooling account describes separation from families and suppression of language and cultural practices. This community narrative provides a particular historical perspective; it does not establish one identical experience for every Apache people.", "sourceIds": [ "p16-s3" ] }, { "title": "Fort Sill Chiricahua displacement and settlement", "text": "Fort Sill Apache history describes Chiricahua people arriving in Oklahoma in 1894 after imprisonment in Florida and Alabama. Its account follows pressure to leave the military reservation and different responses: some relocated to Mescalero in 1913, while others continued seeking promised lands near Fort Sill. It dates the latter group's release and resettlement on Oklahoma allotments to 1914. These forced movements explain distinct community histories rather than a single relocation shared by all Apache peoples.", "sourceIds": [ "p16-s4" ] }, { "title": "Mescalero's particular community composition", "text": "The Mescalero Apache Tribe identifies Mescalero, Lipan and Chiricahua within its community. Its historical account dates the reservation's establishment to May 29, 1873, and describes Lipan arrivals from northern Chihuahua around 1903 and Chiricahua arrivals in 1913. These accounts connect the reservation with distinct histories of displacement and community formation. Membership in this government should not be equated with every Lipan or Chiricahua person's political belonging, or its cultural account applied to all Apache peoples.", "sourceIds": [ "p16-s5" ] }, { "title": "A Lipan government's account of Texas and Mexico", "text": "The Lipan Apache Tribe's public history follows movement between Texas and Mexico under pressure and describes surviving communities around San Antonio, the Rio Grande Valley and Big Bend. Its narrative emphasizes continuity through displacement rather than disappearance. The page's description of a united community concerns this publishing tribe's own organization. It provides one Lipan governmental perspective, which should remain distinct from Mescalero membership and other Lipan voices.", "sourceIds": [ "p16-s6" ] }, { "title": "A dated Jicarilla constitutional example", "text": "The Jicarilla 1937 constitution provides for a representative council chosen through districts and an executive committee accountable to it. Its certification records tribal ratification on July 3 and federal approval on August 4. The text recognizes earlier tribal powers while describing a particular institutional arrangement. It supplies a historical Jicarilla example, rather than evidence that the people began in 1937 or that its membership, election and federal-review provisions are current rules.", "sourceIds": [ "ap16-j1" ] }, { "title": "Chiricahua imprisonment and the limits of the archive", "text": "The 2010 Chiricahua assessment follows removal and imprisonment through Florida, Alabama and Oklahoma, including the separation of children for schooling. Its introduction warns that historical timelines inherit the priorities of predominantly non-Apache records. Reading the narrative with that warning helps distinguish administrative decisions from Apache experiences. The work concerns particular Chiricahua histories; its account cannot serve as a single chronology for every Apache people or erase later community relationships.", "sourceIds": [ "ap16-h1" ] }, { "title": "Reading official school records critically", "text": "An 1887 Senate document collects official correspondence about schooling for Apache prisoners at Fort Marion. It reports transfers to Carlisle and records a contract for teaching younger children in St. Augustine. Letters also discuss efforts to obtain parents’ agreement. These administrative voices reveal arrangements made within a system of captivity; they do not independently establish freely given consent, children’s own experiences or the officials’ claims about adequate care.", "sourceIds": [ "ap16-h3" ] }, { "title": "Schooling on White Mountain Apache land", "text": "Welch’s 2011 nomination connects Fort Apache’s military history with its conversion to the Theodore Roosevelt School. It describes a federal assimilation project, initially enrolling Navajo and Hopi children, while local Apache families sought education closer to home. The resulting disputes concerned whose children the institution served and who directed its purposes. This local history shows why a school on Apache land cannot simply be assumed to have enrolled only Apache children.", "sourceIds": [ "ap16-h2" ] }, { "title": "A tribal college’s language-learning priorities", "text": "San Carlos Apache College’s 2025–26 catalog traces its charter to 2014 and opening to August 2017. Its stated goals connect higher education with language and cultural renewal. Introductory language courses emphasize speaking, reading and listening, followed by grammar and increasingly complex communication. These are a particular college’s institutional history and planned curriculum, rather than proof of current enrolment, fluency outcomes or one language program for every Apache people.", "sourceIds": [ "ap16-l1" ] }, { "title": "Families and educators shaping early learning", "text": "A 2025 Extension report describes Gowa as a San Carlos partnership involving tribal officials, schools, a library and early-childhood services. San Carlos Apache educator Melody Grace Thomas explains selecting books with Indigenous authors, people and settings while working with Apache Language Preservation. The account shows local participation in educational materials. It does not independently establish the program’s effects or imply identical family practices across Apache communities.", "sourceIds": [ "ap16-l2" ] }, { "title": "Reading language statistics with their limits", "text": "The 2024 White Mountain regional report brings together census-based home-language categories, school language records and a Head Start questionnaire. Those sources ask different questions of different groups, so their results are not interchangeable measures of Apache fluency. Its language-program discussion draws on an earlier 2022 report. This makes the publication useful for understanding evidence and local context, while leaving present language use and individual learning outcomes to further research.", "sourceIds": [ "ap16-l3" ] }, { "title": "A Tonto Apache educational institution", "text": "Tonto Apache Community School’s account dates its establishment to 2023 and describes community control over curriculum and cultural learning. It also presents an early-learning program alongside primary and elementary education. These are the institution’s own formation history and stated aims. They provide a local educational example, rather than proof of present enrolment, learning outcomes, unchanged staffing or a single school system shared by all Apache nations.", "sourceIds": [ "ap16-w3" ] }, { "title": "An unresolved program reading route", "text": "The original San Carlos language-program link remains available for further reading. Recent requests did not recover its body, so it contributes no renewed substantive count. The separately inspected college catalog and university report have their own authorship, dates and limits; they do not substitute for reviewing this page.", "sourceIds": [ "p16-s7" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p16-s1", "title": "Apache Tribe of Oklahoma", "author": "Dianna Everett", "publisher": "Oklahoma Historical Society, The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture", "url": "https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=AP002", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Plains Apache", "Distinct identity", "Historical scholarship", "Livelihoods" ], "publicationDate": "2010-01-15, displayed publication metadata", "annotation": "Everett's dated reference supports the Plains Apache discussion while acknowledging contradictory scholarship. Its Fort Sill introductory aside is inconsistent with that tribe's account and is excluded. Old demographics, program descriptions and current legal status are not adopted.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete article body, lines 98–105, author 107 and publication/copyright metadata 133–148. Bibliographic references were identified but not read or counted.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "rightsNote": "Footer asserts OHS copyright and authorization requirements for reuse and linking. No interactive agreement was accepted. This records observed wording rather than a legal determination; no source file, image or long quotation is proposed for republication. Public access is not a reuse licence.", "sourceKind": "Historical reference / authored encyclopedia article" }, { "id": "p16-s2", "title": "Yavapai-Apache Nation — identity and community introduction", "publisher": "Yavapai-Apache Nation", "url": "https://yavapai-apache.org/yavapai-apache-nation/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Distinct peoples", "Verde Valley", "Community scope" ], "publicationDate": "Undated; population figures explicitly marked April 2019", "annotation": "Brief but important primary orientation distinguishing two peoples within one nation. Retained as supporting identity evidence rather than a substantive-study count. Its dated population figures and undated service list are not current measurements.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete substantive body, lines 15–31, read: identity/self-names, named communities,1995 enterprise paragraph and service descriptions. No linked laws or independent outcomes audited.", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Short identity/orientation page followed mainly by a service list; useful community authority without padding the substantive target.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21" }, { "id": "p16-s3", "title": "Our History", "publisher": "San Carlos Apache Tribe", "url": "https://www.scat-nsn.gov/our-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Seasonal land relationships", "Colonial pressures", "Reservation confinement", "Education" ], "publicationDate": "Undated article; footer 2026 is not a demonstrated publication date", "annotation": "A substantial tribe-published historical narrative, useful for a situated San Carlos/Western Apache perspective. Its account of disrupted livelihoods and assimilation is attributed. Detailed casualty numbers, graphic quotations, ceremonial material and broad territorial comparisons are excluded.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual historical body, lines 277–297, read: seasonal livelihood, settler encroachment, confinement, schooling and ration dependence. Later archaeology/ceremonial paragraphs and linked sources are outside the proposed synthesis.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21" }, { "id": "p16-s4", "title": "Fort Sill Apache History", "author": "Fort Sill Apache Tribe; institutional account, no individual byline displayed", "publisher": "Fort Sill Apache Tribe", "url": "https://fortsillapache-nsn.gov/history-and-traditional-culture/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Chiricahua", "Imprisonment and displacement", "Different settlement histories", "Political continuity" ], "publicationDate": "Undated; latest historical episode discussed is 2014, not a demonstrated publication year", "annotation": "The tribe's own history connects Chiricahua imprisonment with relocation, contested settlement and later political organization. Its account is distinct from Plains Apache history. Legal summaries are historical claims from the publisher, not an independent current-law assessment; numerical and casualty claims are excluded.", "contentReviewScope": "Complete actual historical body, lines 52–63; synthesis selects 1894 transfer, 1913 Mescalero/Oklahoma alternatives and 1914 release. Later litigation descriptions were read but are not developed as legal guidance.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Community-authored public history" }, { "id": "p16-s5", "title": "Our Culture — Tribal History and Reservation History", "author": "Mescalero Apache Tribe; institutional account, no individual byline displayed", "publisher": "Mescalero Apache Tribe", "url": "https://mescaleroapachetribe.com/our-culture/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Mescalero", "Lipan", "Chiricahua", "Reservation history" ], "publicationDate": "Undated; footer/site year is not treated as publication date", "annotation": "The tribe's selected historical sections explain its Mescalero, Lipan and Chiricahua composition and reservation/arrival history. These are particular governmental and community histories, not an exhaustive Apache classification. Ceremonial instructions, warrior biographies, demographics and present office arrangements are outside the synthesis.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual Tribal History and Reservation History, lines 17–26. Later cultural/ceremonial sections surfaced during review but supplied no proposed instructions, site details or additional source counts.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Community-authored historical and cultural account" }, { "id": "p16-s6", "title": "Our Sacred History: Who We Are", "author": "Lipan Apache Tribe (also identified on the page as Lipan Apache Tribe of Texas); no individual byline displayed", "publisher": "Lipan Apache Tribe", "url": "https://www.lipanapachetribe.gov/LAT/aboutus.html", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Lipan histories", "Texas", "Cross-border connections", "Community continuity" ], "publicationDate": "Undated; references events through 2021, without establishing first publication or latest update", "annotation": "A substantial account from this particular Lipan government, with Texas/Mexico histories and its own institutional perspective. It does not speak for every Lipan person. Precise migration dates, blanket treaty claims, recognition/feather-law summaries and undated population are excluded.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete authored historical body, lines 25–45, and site identity/seal notice 46–49. Synthesis selects cross-border histories 31–34; linked cases, treaties, cemetery material and other pages were not inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "rightsNote": "The page expressly prohibits unauthorized use of the tribal seal. No seal, photograph, cemetery image, motif or other source media is proposed for reuse.", "sourceKind": "Community government's historical self-account" }, { "id": "ap16-j1", "title": "Constitution and By-laws of the Jicarilla Apache Tribe of the Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation, New Mexico —1937edition", "publisher": "Jicarilla Apache Tribe; U.S. Department of the Interior, Government Printing Office; Library of Congress reading copy", "url": "https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/ll/llscd/37028947/37028947.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Jicarilla Apache", "Historical governance", "Source dates" ], "annotation": "An actual 1937 primary text supplies a particular Jicarilla constitutional perspective. It is a historical edition, not verified current law or the beginning of Jicarilla peoplehood. Current membership and governmental arrangements are not inferred.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual eight-page scanned PDF: title/imprint; printed 1–3 and 5–6 (PDF 3–5,7–8), including preamble, organization, powers, amendment and certification. No later amended constitution or implementation review.", "publicationDate": "1937 Government Printing Office imprint; federal approval August4,1937", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Government / archive — historical primary constitutional text" }, { "id": "ap16-h1", "title": "Ethnographic Overview and Assessment of Chiricahua National Monument and Fort Bowie National Historic Site", "author": "Scott Rushforth; selected historical chapter by Rick Hendricks and Becki A. R. Graham", "publisher": "National Park Service, Intermountain Support Office; public copy hosted by Northern Arizona University", "url": "https://in.nau.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2018/08/NMSU-07-ek.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Chiricahua history", "Removal and imprisonment", "Historical sources", "Family separation" ], "publicationDate": "July 2010, as stated in the actual title/imprint; 2018 URL directory is not publication year", "annotation": "A substantial commissioned assessment with individually credited chapters. Historical narrative and methodological cautions are used together; underlying colonial records are not treated as neutral voices. One collected work, not separate counts for chapters, timeline or bibliography.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual selected PDF text: title/imprint, introduction printed 3–4 and 6–7; historical narrative 245–249 (PDF 254–258). The 551-page report was not read in full; ethnobotany, sites and film were not reviewed.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessNote": "Web reader supplied actual PDF text. Ordinary validated HTTPS download failed certificate verification; no bypass or successful local download claimed.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "sourceKind": "Academic / reference" }, { "id": "ap16-h3", "title": "Papers Relative to the Education of the Apaches in Florida — Senate Executive Document 73", "author": "U.S. Department of the Interior, Secretary L. Q. C. Lamar’s transmittal, with collected official correspondence", "publisher": "U.S. Senate, 49th Congress, 2nd Session; Congressional Serial Set 2448; GovInfo reading copy", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/SERIALSET-02448_00_00-074-0073-0000", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Chiricahua prisoners", "Schooling under captivity", "Administrative correspondence", "Source perspective" ], "publicationDate": "1887-02-03, ordered printed; included correspondence spans 1886–1887", "annotation": "An original administrative compilation concerning imprisoned Apache families, including Chiricahua people. It records officials’ arrangements and rhetoric, not an unmediated account from children or parents. One work; the contracts and letters do not supply separate quota counts.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual selected printed/PDF pages 1–5 of 20 read as text; 1 and 5 visually checked. Transmittal, school contract and correspondence inspected; later pages and underlying files not read.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Actual Senate document PDF", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/SERIALSET-02448_00_00-074-0073-0000/pdf/SERIALSET-02448_00_00-074-0073-0000.pdf", "scope": "Selected original pages 1–5; web reader size limit overcome through ordinary public download, not an abstract-only review." } ], "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "sourceKind": "Government / archive" }, { "id": "ap16-h2", "title": "Fort Apache and Theodore Roosevelt School — National Historic Landmark Nomination", "author": "John Welch; edited by Dr. Alexandra Lord, National Park Service", "publisher": "National Historic Landmarks Program / National Park Service; reading copy hosted by KPBS", "url": "https://cdn.kpbs.org/news/documents/2012/03/07/FortApache_Nomination.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "White Mountain Apache history", "Education", "Federal institutions", "Community responses" ], "publicationDate": "Form prepared March 17, 2011; NPS program date May 13, 2011. The 2012 upload is distinct.", "annotation": "A substantial historical nomination connects military and educational institutions with community responses. Its cited records and author interpretations need their historical context. The nomination is not itself a signed designation certificate, current legal ruling or independent educational-outcome evaluation.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual selected text: printed/PDF 4–5, 36–40, 46–47 and preparation page 66; page 38 visually checked. The 84-page file, appendices and underlying sources were not read in full.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "sourceKind": "Academic / reference" }, { "id": "ap16-l1", "title": "San Carlos Apache College Catalog2025–2026, version1.0 — selected history and language curriculum", "publisher": "San Carlos Apache College", "url": "https://www.apachecollege.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/SCAC-Course-Catalog-2025-2026-.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Education", "Language", "Institutional history" ], "annotation": "An actual college catalog explains institutional history and language-course goals. Count selected pages as one work. Catalog requirements and aspirations are dated institutional evidence, rather than current course availability, accreditation verification or demonstrated learner outcomes.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 151-page PDF downloaded normally after web timeout. Cover/contents and printed 18–19,113 read; selected history, mission and APA 101/102 descriptions. Not a whole-catalog, classroom or textbook review.", "publicationDate": "2025–2026catalog year, version1.0; exact release day not established", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Indigenous-led / educational publication" }, { "id": "ap16-l2", "title": "Extension program helps Apache children gain reading skills and cultural awareness", "author": "Brad Poole", "publisher": "University of Arizona Cooperative Extension", "url": "https://www.extension.arizona.edu/news/extension-program-helps-apache-children-gain-reading-skills-and-cultural-awareness", "type": "Reporting / interview", "topics": [ "Families", "Early learning", "Language", "Community direction" ], "annotation": "Original institutional reporting includes a San Carlos Apache educator’s account of choosing books and working with Language Preservation. Its program narrative and reported benefits remain attributed; this is not an independent efficacy study or evidence of uniform Apache practice.", "contentReviewScope": "Full actual article body and July 31,2025 byline read. Synthesis selects partnerships, caregiver learning and Melody Grace Thomas’s contribution. Linked 2023 evaluation, recordings and books not inspected.", "publicationDate": "2025-07-31", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Primary institutional reporting / community partnership" }, { "id": "ap16-l3", "title": "White Mountain Apache Tribe Region:2024Needs and Assets Report — selected language evidence", "publisher": "Arizona Early Childhood Development and Health Board / First Things First; prepared by University of Arizona CRED", "url": "https://naair.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/2025-10/First-Things-First-Regional-Needs-and-Assets-2024-WMAT.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Language evidence", "Regional education", "Research methods" ], "annotation": "A commissioned regional report combines dated data sources and local educational context. Selected language pages help readers distinguish measures and periods. No present speaker total, fluency inference or blanket account of all Apache communities is adopted.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 169-page PDF: cover, title/copyright, introduction and selected printed 35–40 (PDF 36–41) language discussion, notes and source labels. Other chapters, underlying surveys and 2022 report not independently reviewed.", "publicationDate": "2024cover/copyright;2025upload path is not report year", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "rightsNote": "Title page permits copying/dissemination/use with appropriate acknowledgement. No source figures, maps or photographs are reused; no licence beyond that displayed permission is inferred.", "sourceKind": "Government / university regional report" }, { "id": "ap16-w3", "title": "About Us — Tonto Apache Community School", "publisher": "Tonto Apache Community School", "url": "https://www.tontoapacheschools.org/about-1", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Education", "Community direction", "Tonto Apache" ], "publicationDate": "Undated page; school establishment described as 2023", "annotation": "A short institution-published history and educational statement, discovered in the owner-contributed Tonto study and now actually inspected. It identifies local aspirations and formation; legal assertions, current staffing and educational outcomes were not independently verified.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual Our Story and The School paragraphs, lines 14–27, plus publisher/footer identity read. No images, external law, enrolment materials, linked program pages or outcomes reviewed.", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Short school orientation, retained for a direct community educational voice rather than as an extensive source.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "sourceKind": "Indigenous-led / community educational institution" }, { "id": "p16-s7", "title": "Apache Language Preservation", "publisher": "San Carlos Apache Tribe", "url": "https://www.scat-nsn.gov/apache-language-preservation/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Education", "Land" ], "annotation": "Original language-program reading route retained. Recent attempts did not recover the article body; no fresh substantive inspection or current program claim is made.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Availability attempts only: web timeouts and normal HTTPS certificate-validation failure. No bypass; older source text was not recovered for this renewal.", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 185, 209, 395, 168, 443 ], "relationshipNote": "Apache is a wider grouping. Plains/Kiowa Apache, Mescalero, Lipan, Chiricahua and Western Apache histories overlap without being interchangeable. The Fort Sill Apache Tribe and Apache Tribe of Oklahoma are separate governments; Yavapai is a distinct people within the Yavapai-Apache Nation.", "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "researchGaps": [ "Broaden direct modern Jicarilla, White Mountain, Plains Apache and other community-authored language and cultural histories. The historical Jicarilla constitution is not a current government guide.", "Develop foodways, arts and family perspectives without reproducing restricted ceremonies, sites, source designs or sensitive records. This pass emphasizes institutions, history and education.", "The San Carlos Language Preservation page could not be freshly recovered after bounded timeouts and certificate-validation failure. Preserve its original link and honest unresolved status; university reporting is a separate work.", "Verify current conditions and program outcomes independently before adding population/speaker totals, course delivery, enrolment, accreditation or eligibility claims. Older constitutional rules and institutional aims are dated evidence.", "A stale Jicarilla directory domain displayed unrelated commercial content and was excluded as current authority. Verify a present authorized community publishing route; the Jicarilla access-point candidate remains queued.", "Continue source-critical reading of colonial records alongside Apache voices. Officials’ reports of consent/care under captivity do not establish freely given consent or lived experience. Community review remains open." ], "researchLeads": [ { "url": "https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2509169122", "title": "Tree rings reveal persistent Western Apache (Ndee) fire stewardship and niche construction in the American Southwest (2025; supplied citation)", "documentKey": "Tonto_Apache_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tonto Apache culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tonto Apache study: Payson tribal sources, historical Tonto/Western Apache context and related Yavapai-Apache Nation resources have distinct scopes. Bibliographic labels are provisional; original-source content review is pending. This page includes only selected material relevant to its broader or related-community scope.", "addedAt": "2026-10-20", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Broader Western Apache research lead. Check actual study sites, periods, community involvement and conclusions before applying findings to a particular Tonto community. Automated request returned 403; original-source review remains pending.", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-20", "availabilityStatus": 403 }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/articles/apache.htm", "title": "Native Peoples of the Sonoran Desert: The Nde — National Park Service", "documentKey": "Tonto_Apache_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tonto Apache culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tonto Apache study: Payson tribal sources, historical Tonto/Western Apache context and related Yavapai-Apache Nation resources have distinct scopes. Bibliographic labels are provisional; original-source content review is pending. This page includes only selected material relevant to its broader or related-community scope.", "addedAt": "2026-10-20", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Broader Apache context. The supplied study identifies a San Carlos Apache musician; do not relabel that account as a Payson/Tonto interview.", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-20", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://repository.si.edu/bitstreams/8c2718e9-e170-4b4d-9cc3-1f7aa5835feb/download", "title": "The Gift of Changing Woman — Keith H. Basso (1966; supplied citation)", "documentKey": "Tonto_Apache_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tonto Apache culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tonto Apache study: Payson tribal sources, historical Tonto/Western Apache context and related Yavapai-Apache Nation resources have distinct scopes. Bibliographic labels are provisional; original-source content review is pending. This page includes only selected material relevant to its broader or related-community scope.", "addedAt": "2026-10-20", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Historical Cibecue ethnography, not a description of every present Tonto community. Check edition, context and cultural restrictions; do not reproduce ceremonial instructions. Automated request returned 403; original-source review remains pending.", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-20", "availabilityStatus": 403 } ], "overviewSourceIds": [ "p16-s2", "p16-s5", "ap16-j1" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Adequate initial introduction", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "rationale": "Twelve substantive works support a useful umbrella introduction across distinct community histories, displacement, constitutional organization, schooling and language-related education. Two short community introductions remain supporting references, and an unresolved language access point adds no substantive count. Actual selected-page scopes, contradictory older details and local perspectives are explicit. The quantity target is reached; coverage supports continuing alphabetically with the stated regional and topic gaps, without implying complete research or community endorsement.", "remainingLimits": [ "A broad Apache page cannot replace a separate in-depth profile for each people or government. Jicarilla is represented here by a historical document, with modern community voices still needed.", "Present program conditions, language vitality, individual eligibility and current legal rules need separate dated evidence." ] }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Fifteen cards represent twelve substantive works, two short supporting orientations and one unresolved access point. Related report chapters, letters, alternate hosts and source bibliographies do not add separate works.", "Apache Tribe of Oklahoma/Plains Apache, Fort Sill Chiricahua, Mescalero, the publishing Lipan government, San Carlos, Yavapai-Apache and Payson Tonto institutions have different scopes. Yavapai and Apache remain distinct peoples in one nation.", "The OHS introductory Fort Sill chronology/identity aside conflicts with the tribal account and is not adopted. Fort Sill1894transfer,1913Mescalero relocation and1914remaining allotments are kept distinct.", "The2010NPS assessment contains an apparent1885/1886chronology inconsistency not adopted here. The Fort Apache nomination was prepared/edited2011, distinct from its2012host path and final designation. Initial Navajo/Hopi pupils are not relabeled Apache because the school stood on Apache land.", "The1937Jicarilla edition is a historical public primary document, distinct from modern amended text. No current constitution, membership rule, vote eligibility or precise district boundary is asserted.", "No source maps, personal family material, ceremonial directions, source photographs, tribal seals or clinical findings are republished. Actual limited-page readings and access failures remain explicit." ], "added": false, "slug": "apache", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AZ", "name": "Arizona", "key": "us-az" } ] }, { "name": "Apache Tribe of Oklahoma", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Oklahoma", "overview": "Apache Tribe of Oklahoma has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "apache-tribe-of-oklahoma", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "originalId": 17, "name": "Apalachee", "region": "Southeast / Florida / Louisiana", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Apalachee histories connect Florida communities, colonial missions and continuing descendant life in Louisiana. This collection pairs a community self-account and public-history participation with museum interpretation, scholarship and archaeological documentation.", "sections": [ { "title": "A community describing its own priorities", "text": "The Talimali Band presents itself as a Louisiana Apalachee descendant community and connects cultural preservation with educational outreach, research collaboration and higher-education assistance. Its public account dates nonprofit organization to 1995 and a federal recognition filing to 1996. These are the Band's own institutional statements. A filing is distinct from a recognition determination, and the pages' descriptions do not independently verify present scholarship eligibility, program outcomes or every person's ancestry.", "sourceIds": [ "p17-s1" ] }, { "title": "Villages and political authority", "text": "Hann’s historical study describes major Apalachee villages with considerable autonomy during the seventeenth-century mission period. Ivitachuco and San Luis had prominent leaders, but prominence did not necessarily give them command over other villages. He also stresses uncertainty in earlier Spanish accounts. This helps readers approach Apalachee political history through relationships among communities, rather than assume a single centralized government persisted unchanged across periods.", "sourceIds": [ "ap17-h1" ] }, { "title": "A museum interpretation of mission history and its evidence", "text": "Mission San Luis’s museum collection portrays mission relations as shaped by Apalachee diplomacy, Spanish authority and coerced labor. It describes violent attacks, the mission’s 1704 end and different paths of displacement, while the timeline separates later routes toward Louisiana. The archaeology page explains the museum’s reliance on material remains and Spanish records. These are historical interpretations underpinning a modern reconstruction; the mission’s destruction must not be mistaken for the end of Apalachee people.", "sourceIds": [ "p17-s2" ] }, { "title": "A surviving written record of the language", "text": "Hann describes a 1688 letter by Apalachee chiefs, preserved with a contemporary Spanish translation, as central evidence for studying the language. He cautions that Indigenous words recorded by Spaniards were not necessarily Apalachee.", "sourceIds": [ "ap17-h1" ] }, { "title": "How archaeology changes a historical account", "text": "McEwan’s 2003 documentation explains how survey and test excavations helped identify structures and activity areas at San Luis. She interprets the Apalachee council house and chiefly residence as evidence that important political institutions continued within a colonial settlement. This is an archaeologist’s interpretation of one community’s material record. It invites comparison with written accounts without assuming that mission life erased every Indigenous institution or affected every village identically.", "sourceIds": [ "ap17-h2" ] }, { "title": "Descendant participation in public history", "text": "A 2006 History Detectives transcript records Gilmer Bennett returning from Louisiana to Mission San Luis and discussing an ancestral connection with presenter Tukufu Zuberi. Bennett describes the visit as feeling like home and helps frame the investigation's question. This is direct participation in public history, rather than a community represented only through archaeological narration. The program's conclusions remain interpretations; the exchange does not independently establish every modern lineage or a shared religious position.", "sourceIds": [ "ac17-c3" ] }, { "title": "Reading community projects with their dates", "text": "The Talimali project page brings together an undated village-expansion plan, museum-remodelling intentions and a September 2021 account of Hurricane Ida relief. The relief notice reports supply deliveries, while the museum text invites ideas for broader exhibits. These entries show what the Band proposed or reported at different times. They do not establish that planned construction or exhibits were completed, or that old requests and activities remain current.", "sourceIds": [ "p17-s7" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p17-s1", "title": "Who Are the Apalachee Indians Today? — with Our Mission, Our Vision, and What We Do", "author": "Talimali Band of the Apalachee Indians of Louisiana; no individual byline displayed", "publisher": "Talimali Band of the Apalachee Indians of Louisiana", "url": "https://talimaliband.com/apalachee-indians-today", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community continuity", "Education", "Public history", "Institutional purpose" ], "annotation": "The Band's public self-account and overlapping mission page are grouped once. They contribute its own perspective, without independently proving every historical claim, current program or legal status. Application, incorporation and community identity remain distinct.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete Today body, lines 62–69, and mission/activity/scholarship text 66–97 on What We Do. Current officeholders, eligibility and exclusivity claims excluded.", "publicationDate": "Both pages undated; dates of described events are not publication dates", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Our Mission, Our Vision, and What We Do", "url": "https://talimaliband.com/what-we-do-1", "scope": "Actual mission, institutional history and scholarship description; overlapping community account, not another work-level count." } ], "countReason": "Grouped public community self-description and educational/research purposes provide substantive primary perspective; duplicate institutional statements are not multiplied.", "sourceKind": "Community-authored institutional self-account" }, { "id": "p17-s2", "consolidatesSourceIds": [ "p17-s2", "p17-s3", "p17-s4", "p17-s5", "p17-s6" ], "title": "Mission San Luis — public history, timeline and archaeology collection", "publisher": "Mission San Luis / Florida Department of State", "author": "Institutional interpretation; individual page authors not identified", "url": "https://missionsanluis.org/learn/history/the-apalachee/", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Mission history", "Colonial labor", "Displacement", "Public interpretation", "Archaeological evidence" ], "publicationDate": "Undated pages; timeline ends with October 2022 entry. The 2026 footer is not a demonstrated article publication date.", "annotation": "Related uncredited museum history, chronology and archaeology pages are grouped once. Read as institutional interpretation, with coercion and survivor continuity visible. Disappearance claims and simplified cultural-origin narratives are not adopted.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete substantive bodies of all five pages read, excluding navigation. No underlying archival records, excavation reports, reconstruction manuals, linked resources or media reviewed.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Mission San Luis", "url": "https://missionsanluis.org/learn/history/mission-san-luis/", "scope": "Actual mission interpretation and colonial labor history." }, { "title": "End of the Mission System", "url": "https://missionsanluis.org/learn/history/end-of-the-mission-system/", "scope": "Actual destruction, displacement and descendant passage; wording critically screened." }, { "title": "Timeline", "url": "https://missionsanluis.org/learn/timeline/", "scope": "Actual chronology; historical movement and museum-development entries distinguished." }, { "title": "Archaeology", "url": "https://missionsanluis.org/learn/archaeology/", "scope": "Actual short evidentiary overview; not an excavation-report review." } ], "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One conservative collection. Archaeology is a short, uncredited institutional overview within the same interpretation; it is not counted separately.", "sourceUnitKey": "mission-san-luis-public-interpretation-collection" }, { "id": "ap17-h1", "title": "Apalachee: The Land between the Rivers — selected introduction and political history", "author": "John H. Hann", "publisher": "University Presses of Florida / Florida State Museum; LibraryPress@UF reissue", "url": "https://ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu/AA/00/06/13/83/00001/AA00061383_00001.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Political history", "Villages", "Historical methods" ], "annotation": "A substantial documentary study examines relationships among Apalachee villages and leaders. Read its historical arguments with the stated limits of colonial records. Its obsolete extinction framing is not adopted, and this selected reading does not review the whole book.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 470-page university PDF: title/licence, preface xi–xiii, introduction 1–4, political history 96–100 (PDF 116–120) and language documentation 118–121 (PDF 138–141). Selected pages only; ceremonial appendices and later extinction chapter are not used.", "publicationDate": "1988 original; 2017 LibraryPress@UF open reissue", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Scholarly historical monograph / open university edition" }, { "id": "ap17-h2", "title": "San Luis de Talimali: National Historic Landmark Nomination — updated documentation", "author": "Bonnie G. McEwan", "publisher": "Florida historical-preservation documentation, held by National Park Service", "url": "https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/67d92cf2-58d6-4530-b79d-4b182a00beae", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Archaeology", "Research methods", "San Luis", "Historical interpretation" ], "annotation": "The archaeologist’s technical nomination explains how survey, testing and documentary research informed interpretations at San Luis. It is a distinct research account beyond a museum summary. Its dated interpretations concern this settlement, not all Apalachee experience or present recognition.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 23-page PDF: identification, selected history/methods on 4–7 and 12–13, and preparer/date on 21. Synthesis uses survey methodology and political-architecture interpretation only; no burial, ceremony, mapped-location or present-status claims.", "publicationDate": "Prepared 2003-01-07; later asset/index dates are not publication dates", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Government heritage documentation / archaeological research account" }, { "id": "ac17-c3", "title": "Mystery Crystal Cross — History Detectives, Episode 7, 2006 transcript", "author": "Oregon Public Broadcasting / History Detectives; presenter Tukufu Zuberi, with direct statements by Gilmer Bennett and other interviewees", "publisher": "Oregon Public Broadcasting; published by PBS", "url": "https://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/investigation/mystery-crystal-cross/index.html", "type": "Reporting / interview", "topics": [ "Descendant participation", "Public history", "Historical interpretation", "Community voice" ], "annotation": "A distinct public-history work records Bennett asking questions and responding to research. Interview participation is documented; a formal community research partnership is not claimed. Program inferences about an artifact are not genealogical proof or an all-community religious interpretation.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete four-page transcript read, plus PBS episode description. Synthesis selects Bennett/Zuberi exchanges on pages 1 and 4. No video viewed; burial/ritual details excluded.", "publicationDate": "2006 episode and transcript copyright; exact air day not established; 2011 PDF directory is an upload signal", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Actual episode transcript", "url": "https://www.pbs.org/www-tc.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/static/media/transcripts/2011-05-11/407_crystalcross.pdf", "scope": "Four-page 2006 transcript, including direct community statements; one work with the episode page." } ], "rightsNote": "Transcript states © 2006 Oregon Public Broadcasting, all rights reserved. Link original public source; no episode footage, source images, long dialogue or artifact detail is proposed for republication.", "sourceKind": "Public-history reporting / community-participating interview transcript" }, { "id": "p17-s7", "title": "Apalachee Community Projects", "author": "Talimali Band of the Apalachee Indians of Louisiana; no individual byline displayed", "publisher": "Talimali Band of the Apalachee Indians of Louisiana", "url": "https://talimaliband.com/apalachee-community-projects", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community projects", "Public memory", "Disaster relief", "Plans and reporting" ], "annotation": "Three brief project notices combine undated plans with dated relief reporting. Useful primary context but retained outside the substantive count. Photographs and present-tense wording do not establish completion, current availability or results.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete project text, lines 65–110: village expansion, September 2021 Hurricane Ida relief and museum intentions. Images and proposed family/clan exhibits not republished.", "publicationDate": "Page undated; Hurricane Ida notice explicitly September 2021; other project dates unestablished", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Short notices and proposed work, not an independently evaluated or substantial project-history publication. Preserved without quota padding.", "sourceKind": "Community project notices — supporting context" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relationshipNote": "Apalachee names an Indigenous people; San Luis de Talimali was a particular ancestral town and mission. The Talimali Band is a contemporary Louisiana descendant community, whose organization and recognition history should be distinguished from colonial population labels.", "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "researchGaps": [ "Read newer scholarship on seventeenth-century conflict, including Lauersdorf’s full article, when legitimate access becomes available. Abstracts and 403 downloads were not counted.", "Develop post-1704 displacement and Red River histories through actual original documents and community accounts. Never treat destruction of a mission or older extinction frameworks as disappearance of a people.", "Broaden public community accounts of foodways, language, music and cultural life beyond one descendant institution and one dated broadcast, without reproducing restricted cultural or burial material.", "Verify present recognition, leadership and program conditions separately before reporting current outcomes, eligibility or services. Undated plans and a 1996 filing are not completed actions.", "Archaeological interpretation at San Luis is local and dated. Underlying excavation reports, Spanish manuscripts and the 1688 letter itself were not independently read through the reviewed summaries. Community review remains open." ], "overviewSourceIds": [ "p17-s1", "p17-s2" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Adequate initial introduction", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "rationale": "Five substantive works or conservative collections support an accessible initial introduction through a descendant-community account, public-history participation, museum interpretation, a scholarly historical monograph and technical archaeological documentation. Related museum pages count once, and brief projects remain supporting context. Original article searches found further promising scholarship, but actual downloads failed and those works remain unread leads. This bounded coverage supports continuing alphabetically with explicit gaps; the twelve-source quantity target is not reached and fuller research remains open.", "remainingLimits": [ "Modern community perspectives beyond the selected publishing Band and dated broadcast remain underrepresented. A recognition filing does not establish a recognition outcome.", "Post-1704 archives, newer political scholarship, language history and everyday cultural life warrant further original-source reading; initial adequacy is not completeness or endorsement." ] }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Six cards represent five substantive works/collections and one short supporting projects page. The five original museum URLs remain visible within one conservative collection; multiple URLs are not separate works.", "Hann’s 1988 book is inspected through the 2017 university reissue. Selected political and language passages count once. Its obsolete extinction framing is excluded, and no translation of the original 1688 letter is claimed.", "McEwan’s form was prepared January 7, 2003, with later documentation context distinct. A technical nomination is not a current recognition ruling, unchanged surviving village or independent proof of every interpretation.", "PBS/OPB 2006 transcript was read, with direct community participation attributed. The 2011 directory is not the episode date, no video was viewed and participation is not relabeled a formal research partnership.", "Talimali institutional history, nonprofit organization, recognition filing and community identity are distinct. No lineage or sole representative authority is inferred from surnames, an artifact or one institutional claim." ], "added": false, "slug": "apalachee", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-LA", "name": "Louisiana", "key": "us-la" } ] }, { "originalId": 18, "name": "Arapaho", "region": "Great Plains", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Arapaho histories include distinct Northern and Southern community experiences. This reading path connects historical change with particular governments, language education, community-authored research and collaborative public history, keeping regional perspectives separate.", "sections": [ { "title": "Northern and southern historical trajectories", "text": "The Arapaho Project’s Northern Arapaho history distinguishes northern communities centered on the North Platte from southern communities associated with the Arkansas valley. It places the Northern Arapaho move to Wind River in 1878. Its account also connects boarding schools, allotment and pressures on language with later community-controlled education and cultural renewal. This is a Northern-focused historical synthesis; its undated descriptions of contemporary conditions require fresh corroboration.", "sourceIds": [ "p18-s5" ] }, { "title": "Finding the Northern Arapaho government's own resources", "text": "The Northern Arapaho Tribe's website identifies Wind River as its location and links governmental and departmental resources. It offers a starting point for a particular tribal government's public information. Its brief homepage is a navigation source; the linked publications require their own reading and dates before supporting detailed historical or policy claims.", "sourceIds": [ "p18-s2" ] }, { "title": "A shared government's constitutional framework", "text": "The Tribes' amended constitution identifies ratification on April 4, 2006. Its preamble links self-government with languages, education and protection of the natural environment. Article II establishes four branches, including the Tribal Council; Articles V–VI distinguish that adult membership body from a legislature representing four Cheyenne and four Arapaho districts. This describes the shared Oklahoma government's framework rather than a constitution for all Arapaho people.", "sourceIds": [ "ar18-s3" ] }, { "title": "Education as an expression of self-determination", "text": "The Tribe's 2006 Education Code presents education as part of Northern Arapaho self-determination. It prioritizes Arapaho language, history and culture alongside academic learning and parent and community participation. It expressly disclaims authority over Eastern Shoshone education policy. This dated publication documents the Northern Arapaho government's stated priorities; its presence online does not verify implementation, educational outcomes or unchanged current law.", "sourceIds": [ "ar18-n3" ] }, { "title": "Southern language teaching and public cultural work", "text": "The Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes describe teaching both distinct languages through community classes, youth outreach, Elder partnerships and an adult apprenticeship program. These are the institution's stated approaches, without a measured fluency outcome. Its Culture Program also describes representatives working on repatriation and with the National Park Service on public interpretation of Sand Creek. These responsibilities concern the shared Oklahoma institution, rather than every Arapaho community's programs or cultural authority.", "sourceIds": [ "p18-s1" ] }, { "title": "Apprentices describe language learning", "text": "In Latoya Lonelodge's 2023 Tribal Tribune interviews, Arapaho apprentice Arianna Long describes progressing from isolated words toward conversation and learning with coworkers while attending college. Rachelle RomanNose discusses pronunciation, expressing herself and the continuing work of learning. Her interest in teaching is an aspiration, not evidence that certification was completed. Their accounts bring individual Southern Arapaho women's voices into a discussion that also includes separately identified Cheyenne learners.", "sourceIds": [ "ar18-s4" ] }, { "title": "Approaching Arapaho grammar", "text": "The Arapaho Project explains that words can combine many meaningful elements. Verbs can express information that English distributes across several words, including participants, tense and aspect. Its animate/inanimate distinctions are grammatical, rather than a simple division between living and nonliving things. These introductory explanations offer a starting point for exploring language structure; the linked collection should be used with community teaching and does not certify proficiency.", "sourceIds": [ "p18-s6" ] }, { "title": "A grammar grounded in documented usage", "text": "Cowell and Arapaho coauthor Alonzo Moss, Sr. present their grammar through communicative use as well as forms and rules. Its introduction explains a corpus combining historical records, educational materials and more recent speech, with sources from Wyoming and Oklahoma. The authors identify revisions and corrections to earlier transcriptions. This makes the book useful for understanding how linguistic knowledge is documented, while its evidence remains distinct from a current speaker census.", "sourceIds": [ "ar18-l2" ] }, { "title": "Community collaboration in language documentation", "text": "Kelly and Cowell describe virtual-reality language documentation developed through iterative work with the Northern Arapaho Language and Culture Commission. Elders helped select contexts, and applications were checked for usability and cultural appropriateness. Sessions in 2019–2020 informed the study. The authors compare elicited language with other documentation methods; their findings concern recorded speech and research design, rather than proof that an application produces fluent learners.", "sourceIds": [ "ar18-l3" ] }, { "title": "Food sovereignty and telling community histories", "text": "In a 2019 study, Northern Arapaho researcher Melvin L. Arthur, with Christine M. Porter, relates food sovereignty to community control over historical storytelling. Interviews, talking circles, personal experience and historical research inform his account of disrupted food access and reclamation. He places these changes within colonial dispossession. This is a situated Northern Arapaho interpretation, without demonstrating current clinical outcomes or unanimity among community members.", "sourceIds": [ "ar18-n4" ] }, { "title": "Descendant knowledge and documentary investigation", "text": "The NPS overview describes descendant knowledge alongside archival research in locating and interpreting Sand Creek. Its short orientation provides a starting point for public history, rather than a complete account of the 1864 attack or its aftermath. The linked individual testimony and media were not inspected for this collection.", "sourceIds": [ "p18-s7" ] }, { "title": "Who controls an oral-history project?", "text": "Alexa Roberts describes the Northern Arapaho Tribe choosing to conduct its part of the 1999 oral-history project internally. Her account explains why participation and control of research materials mattered, while describing different arrangements with Cheyenne communities. This is evidence about a particular collaborative process. The underlying recordings, interviews and photographs were not accessed or reproduced, and their permissions are not Atlas reuse rights.", "sourceIds": [ "ar18-h3" ] }, { "title": "A dated framework for collaborative public history", "text": "The December 2017 foundation document identifies tribal histories and consultation as important to interpreting the site. Its planning entries call for further community involvement and review of research. These are dated institutional priorities and identified needs, not proof that proposed projects were completed. They do not establish a single position shared by every Arapaho government or person.", "sourceIds": [ "ar18-h2" ] }, { "title": "Directories as access points", "text": "The departmental directory lists an Ethete immersion entry alongside other public services. Such listings help readers find Northern Arapaho institutions. A directory alone does not establish current staffing, availability, teaching methods or results. Detailed claims about educational work need a dated publication that explains its purposes, practices and evidence.", "sourceIds": [ "p18-s3" ] }, { "title": "Finding the Oklahoma government's public institutions", "text": "The Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes' government overview links its executive, legislative, judicial and Tribal Council branches. This provides an institutional starting point for the shared Oklahoma government; its organization should be kept distinct from Northern Arapaho institutions at Wind River.", "sourceIds": [ "p18-s4" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "ar18-n3", "title": "Northern Arapaho Code — selected Education Code and code preface", "author": "Northern Arapaho Tribe; Education Code enacted by the Northern Arapaho Business Council according to its history note", "publisher": "Northern Arapaho Tribe", "url": "https://northernarapaho.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/006_Title_208_20Education_20Type.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Education", "Self-determination", "Language policy", "Governmental distinctions" ], "annotation": "A dated primary policy text expresses Northern Arapaho educational priorities. Read as legislation and institutional intent, without assuming unchanged current law or successful implementation. The code preface and education title are conservatively grouped as one publication collection.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 31-page title: selected pages 1–6, 10–11, 14–18 and final history note on 31. Claim uses policy on 2, 5–6 and enactment note; not the whole code.", "publicationDate": "Education Code version dated May 4, 2006; page 31 records enactment that day. Preface undated; 2026/07 upload paths are not publication dates", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceUnitKey": "northern-arapaho-code-selected-publication", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Northern Arapaho Code — Preface", "url": "https://northernarapaho.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/006_NA_20Code_20Preface_20Type.pdf", "scope": "Complete two-page preface read: coverage limits, explanatory comments, and distinct Northern Arapaho/Eastern Shoshone authority." }, { "title": "Tribal Codes — publication index", "url": "https://northernarapaho.com/?page_id=111", "scope": "Actual index links followed to original PDFs; index descriptions and other titles add no count." } ], "countReason": "Substantial selected primary legislation contributes a directly relevant governmental and educational perspective. No separate count for a title, preface, index, enactment note or individual section." }, { "id": "ar18-s3", "title": "Constitution of the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes — Amended", "author": "Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes", "publisher": "Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes, officially linked through Tribal Codes, Acts, and Ordinances", "url": "https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/625854e97e951a806fc03c22/66f2df79fdd57da455bc6c2c_Constitution.pdf", "type": "Government", "sourceKind": "Tribal primary constitutional text, amended compilation", "topics": [ "Shared Oklahoma government", "Constitution", "Political representation", "Education and languages" ], "publicationDate": "Ratification identified as April 4, 2006; amended compilation includes 2021 election documentation and a January 12, 2023 BIA letter; PDF metadata dated September 2024 is not a ratification date", "annotation": "A primary constitutional framework for this shared government. The amended compilation must not be labeled an unchanged 2006 text or treated as independently verified current law. Citizenship rules, district boundaries and individual eligibility are not summarized.", "contentReviewScope": "Selected scan images: PDF 1–4 cover, ratification, contents and preamble; printed 4, 11 and 14 (PDF 8, 15, 18), Articles II, V and VI; printed 49–50 (PDF 53–54), amendment-related correspondence. Not the complete constitution.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "subresources": [ { "title": "Official publication route: Tribal Codes, Acts, and Ordinances", "url": "https://www.cheyenneandarapaho-nsn.gov/legislative/tribal-codes-acts-and-ordinances", "scope": "Actual constitution download listing; page update February 11, 2026 does not date constitutional provisions." } ], "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Official publication route: Tribal Codes, Acts, and Ordinances", "url": "https://www.cheyenneandarapaho-nsn.gov/legislative/tribal-codes-acts-and-ordinances", "scope": "Actual constitution download listing; page update February 11, 2026 does not date constitutional provisions." } ] }, { "id": "p18-s1", "title": "Language and Culture", "author": "Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes; institutional publication without an individual byline", "publisher": "Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes", "url": "https://www.cheyenneandarapaho-nsn.gov/language-culture", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Community government's public language and culture program account", "topics": [ "Southern Arapaho", "Language teaching", "Elder partnerships", "Public historical interpretation" ], "publicationDate": "Undated; footer copyright and dated application links do not establish the body's publication date", "annotation": "The Tribes describe distinct language programs and shared cultural institutions. Program aims are not measured outcomes. Cheyenne-specific history, precise migration dates, demographic claims and ceremonial applications are excluded; no media or restricted knowledge is reproduced.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual Culture Program and Language Program bodies, lines 5–29; historic-preservation introduction 48–50 and separate history headings/bodies 71–86 also read. Synthesis selects public institutional responsibilities and teaching descriptions only.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "ar18-s4", "title": "Cheyenne and Arapaho Language Apprenticeship Series — Part I and Part II", "author": "Latoya Lonelodge, Senior Reporter", "publisher": "Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribal Tribune", "url": "https://cheyennearapahotribaltribune.wordpress.com/2023/02/16/cheyenne-and-arapaho-language-apprenticeship-series-part-i-and-part-ii/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Tribal newspaper reporting with named apprentice interviews", "topics": [ "Southern Arapaho", "Language apprentices", "Women's perspectives", "Teaching aspirations" ], "publicationDate": "February 16, 2023 online posting; article links readers to the February 15, 2023 newspaper issue", "annotation": "A dated interview gives named Arapaho learners' perspectives alongside distinct Cheyenne participants. Individual experiences and aspirations are not universal fluency measures or completed certification outcomes. Old speaker estimates are excluded; no photographs, audio or instructional story texts are reused.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete article, lines 21–148, including byline and publication context. Synthesis selects Arianna Long's Arapaho experience in Part I and Rachelle RomanNose's Arapaho learning and teaching aspirations in Part II.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "ar18-n4", "title": "Restorying Northern Arapaho food sovereignty", "author": "Melvin L. Arthur and Christine M. Porter", "publisher": "Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development / Lyson Center for Civic Agriculture and Food Systems", "url": "https://foodsystemsjournal.org/index.php/fsj/article/view/754", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Community-authored research", "Food sovereignty", "Historical interpretation", "Research methods" ], "annotation": "Arthur explicitly writes as a Northern Arapaho member. With Porter, he offers situated qualitative and historical research on food sovereignty. Neither a government statement, representative survey nor clinical-outcomes study; shared Wind River projects do not merge the two Nations.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 16-page article: imprint and selected printed 69–73, 80–81 (PDF 1–5, 12–13), including authorship, methods and conclusion. Other history sections not fully reviewed.", "publicationDate": "Published online November 11, 2019; Fall 2019, volume 9, supplement 2, pages 69–84. Later repository dates are not original publication", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Original journal article PDF", "url": "https://www.foodsystemsjournal.org/index.php/fsj/article/download/754/742", "scope": "Actual selected article pages and original imprint read; same work as the landing page." } ], "rightsNote": "Publisher identifies author copyright and CC BY 4.0; no participant quotations, figures or media reproduced.", "countReason": "Substantive original research with explicit Northern Arapaho authorship and community-specific analysis, beyond a listing or abstract." }, { "id": "p18-s5", "title": "History of the Northern Arapaho Tribe", "publisher": "The Arapaho Project / University of Colorado Boulder", "url": "https://www.colorado.edu/project/arapaho/contemporary-life/history-northern-arapaho-tribe", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Northern Arapaho", "History", "Dispossession", "Education" ], "annotation": "A substantive Northern-focused history connects changing Plains relationships, dispossession and educational institutions. The undated page is useful for historical orientation; its contemporary assessments, estimates and broad generalizations are not current measurements or substitutes for tribal accounts.", "contentReviewScope": "Full actual narrative read: pre-contact, nineteenth-century, early reservation and contemporary-era sections. Synthesis selects river-valley distinctions, 1878 Wind River settlement, assimilation pressures and later educational renewal.", "publicationDate": "Undated page; copyright and crawl dates do not establish publication", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Academic / community-collaborative public history" }, { "id": "p18-s6", "title": "Language and selected grammar/learning pages — Arapaho Project collection", "publisher": "The Arapaho Project / University of Colorado Boulder", "url": "https://www.colorado.edu/project/arapaho/language", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Language", "Grammar", "Learning resources" ], "annotation": "One learning collection offers a substantive grammar introduction alongside navigation to educational resources. Selected text explains word structure and grammatical categories. The undated landing page’s speaker estimates are excluded; linked media, dictionaries and narrative contents are not thereby inspected.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual language and grammar page bodies read; lesson page reviewed as navigation only. Count the related pages once. No audio listening, complete curriculum, dictionary or narrative review.", "subresources": [ { "title": "Grammar", "url": "https://www.colorado.edu/project/arapaho/language/grammar", "contentReviewScope": "Full explanatory body: verbs, categories, modifications, nouns and sentences." }, { "title": "Lessons", "url": "https://www.colorado.edu/project/arapaho/language/lessons", "contentReviewScope": "Topic list only; not inspected lesson contents." } ], "publicationDate": "Undated pages", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Grammar", "url": "https://www.colorado.edu/project/arapaho/language/grammar", "scope": "Full explanatory body: verbs, categories, modifications, nouns and sentences." }, { "title": "Lessons", "url": "https://www.colorado.edu/project/arapaho/language/lessons", "scope": "Topic list only; not inspected lesson contents." } ], "sourceKind": "Academic / collaborative language-learning collection" }, { "id": "ar18-l2", "title": "The Arapaho Language — publisher’s selected introduction", "author": "Andrew Cowell with Alonzo Moss, Sr.", "publisher": "University Press of Colorado", "url": "https://www.upcolorado.com/media/acfupload/9780870819940_2.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Language documentation", "Research methods", "Northern and Southern Arapaho" ], "annotation": "The published reference grammar’s substantive introduction explains its aims, analytical perspective and source corpus. This separate work is not the brief online grammar lesson. Its historical speaker estimates and judgments about learner commitment are not adopted as present community facts.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 19-page publisher excerpt: selected printed 1–7 (PDF 8–14), especially aims and sources on 4–7. Contents inspected for orientation; later grammar chapters, underlying narratives and recordings not reviewed.", "publicationDate": "2008 original publication, verified in publisher metadata; later editions not separately counted", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Scholarly reference grammar / community coauthorship" }, { "id": "ar18-l3", "title": "Northern Arapaho virtual reality linguistic elicitation", "author": "Phineas Kelly and Andrew Cowell", "publisher": "Language Documentation and Description; author-deposited version in NSF Public Access Repository", "url": "https://par.nsf.gov/servlets/purl/10501857", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Language documentation", "Community collaboration", "Research methods", "Technology" ], "annotation": "A research article describes an elicitation method developed with Northern Arapaho elders and educators. It concerns documentation, rather than demonstrated classroom effectiveness. The deposited reading copy has placeholder citation fields; the work’s publication date was independently checked through the journal’s university announcement.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 13-page deposited PDF: title, selected introduction/background and method on 2–5, conclusion/acknowledgements on 10. No audio/video, application testing, underlying archive or detailed statistical reanalysis.", "publicationDate": "2023-05-26 publication, confirmed by University of Virginia’s journal announcement; deposited copy identifies 2023", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Scholarly research / Northern Arapaho collaboration" }, { "id": "ar18-h2", "title": "Foundation Document — Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site", "author": "National Park Service", "publisher": "National Park Service", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/sand/learn/management/upload/SAND_FD_2017-508.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Public history", "Planning", "Tribal consultation" ], "annotation": "A substantial dated park-planning document identifies tribal participation and further research needs. It records institutional planning, without proving that proposed work was completed or describing current arrangements.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 62-page PDF: cover, introduction on printed 2 and selected planning entries on printed 28–29 (PDF 32–33). Other encountered history and casualty totals are not adopted; no map or sensitive location is reproduced.", "publicationDate": "December 2017", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "ar18-h3", "title": "Sand Creek Massacre Site Oral History: Protecting Tribal Intellectual Property", "author": "Alexa Roberts", "publisher": "National Park Service, CRM 23(9); NPSHistory archive reading copy", "url": "https://npshistory.com/newsletters/crm/crm-v23n9.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Research methods", "Oral history", "Tribal intellectual property" ], "annotation": "A public methodological account explains differing community arrangements in the site study. The Northern Arapaho project is distinguished from Cheyenne projects. One article counts once, not the entire issue or individual interviews.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 56-page issue: cover and complete article on printed/PDF 43–46 read. No original recordings, photographs or interview transcripts accessed. Archive is an independent mirror explicitly linked by the current NPS bibliography.", "publicationDate": "2000, CRM volume 23 number 9", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "NPS oral-history articles bibliography", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/subjects/oralhistory/articles.htm", "scope": "Actual Roberts bibliographic entry read and archive link followed; bibliography is not an additional substantive work." } ], "rightsNote": "Interview and community permissions described in the article do not authorize Atlas reuse. Only an educational summary is supplied." }, { "id": "p18-s2", "title": "Northern Arapaho Tribe — institutional entry point", "author": "Northern Arapaho Tribe; no individual byline displayed", "publisher": "Northern Arapaho Tribe", "url": "https://northernarapaho.com/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Governance", "Wind River", "Institutional navigation" ], "annotation": "A brief institutional entry point links governmental and departmental resources. Retained for navigation and situated identity, outside the substantive count. Dynamic announcements, population displays and office details are not verified current facts.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual homepage body and navigation read, especially the Wind River location statement and links. Embedded social posts and linked videos not reviewed.", "publicationDate": "Undated; relative social-feed times do not date the institutional description", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Bare institutional orientation and navigation, not a substantial historical or governmental publication." }, { "id": "p18-s3", "title": "Department Listings — Northern Arapaho Tribe", "author": "Northern Arapaho Tribe; no individual byline displayed", "publisher": "Northern Arapaho Tribe", "url": "https://northernarapaho.com/?page_id=94", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Institutions", "Education", "Navigation" ], "annotation": "The directory identifies institutional access points, including immersion at Ethete. Its listings and brief linked description supply orientation, without establishing current operations, enrollment, methods or effectiveness. Conservatively retained as supporting context.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual displayed directory entries read; Load More not activated. Actual linked Immersion body also read; its undated assertions are not used as implementation evidence.", "publicationDate": "Directory and selected linked description undated", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Immersion (Ethete)", "url": "https://northernarapaho.com/?listdom-listing=immersion-ethete", "scope": "Brief undated program description read; no dated implementation or evaluation established, and no separate count." } ], "countReason": "A directory and short undated department description do not become an evaluated or substantial program publication." }, { "id": "p18-s4", "title": "Government", "author": "Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes; institutional publication without an individual byline", "publisher": "Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes", "url": "https://www.cheyenneandarapaho-nsn.gov/government", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Short government orientation and navigation page", "topics": [ "Oklahoma government", "Institutional orientation" ], "publicationDate": "Undated; site copyright is not a demonstrated article date", "annotation": "A brief four-branch overview retained as a useful original access route. Its short descriptions are supporting material, outside the substantive minimum. Linked departmental listings are not additional inspected works or evidence of program outcomes.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual introductory text and four branch descriptions, lines 2–36. Legislative and Tribal Council pages were followed to locate the constitutional publication; their directories are not separately counted.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p18-s7", "title": "Sand Creek Massacre — Stories", "author": "National Park Service; no individual byline displayed", "publisher": "National Park Service", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/sand/learn/historyculture/stories.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Public history", "Descendant participation" ], "annotation": "A short public orientation describes descendant knowledge and documentary investigation. Useful supporting context, conservatively outside the substantive count. Its casualty figures and linked testimony are not adopted here.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual displayed narrative read. Last-updated date is not verified first publication. Linked letters, interviews and source media were not read or reused.", "publicationDate": "Last updated April 24, 2025; first publication not established", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Original retained NPS access route", "url": "https://home.nps.gov/sand/learn/historyculture/stories.htm", "scope": "Original collection URL retained; recent request timed out. Actual content was read at the canonical www.nps.gov route." } ] } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 52 ], "relationshipNote": "Northern Arapaho Tribe and the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes are separate governments. Cheyenne people are distinct from Arapaho people despite alliance and a shared Oklahoma government; Wind River is shared with the distinct Eastern Shoshone people.", "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "researchGaps": [ "Read original treaties and additional historical scholarship before making precise territorial, ratification or legal conclusions. Older university wording is not independently verified legal history.", "Broaden public Southern Arapaho and other community-authored perspectives beyond the shared Oklahoma government and two dated apprentice interviews. Northern and Southern institutions remain distinct.", "Seek dated educational outcomes and contemporary community priorities without treating an undated program page, a 2006 code or a 2023 interview as current operations or measured success.", "The grammar and documentation article were inspected in specified selected scopes. No audio was heard, underlying corpus independently reviewed or full grammar read. Public source access is not cultural reuse permission.", "Sand Creek study methods and park planning contribute to public-history literacy; original recordings, individual narratives, casualty totals and sensitive locations remain outside this account. Community review remains open." ], "overviewSourceIds": [ "p18-s5", "ar18-n3" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Adequate initial introduction", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "rationale": "Eleven substantive works or conservative collections support an initial educational account of historical change, distinct governments, Northern and Southern educational work, language description, community-authored food research and collaborative public history. Four shorter navigation/overview cards remain supporting. Actual original texts and selected scholarly passages were inspected; older estimates and unread references were excluded. The twelve-source quantity target is not reached. The varied evidence supports continuing alphabetically while retaining explicit limits, not a completion or endorsement claim.", "remainingLimits": [ "Historical treaty and removal records, additional Southern community voices and deeper chronological scholarship need further reading. No legal conclusions are drawn from introductory summaries.", "Selected research and policy texts are not current program evaluations, speaker censuses, complete grammar reviews or permission to reproduce cultural materials." ] }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Fifteen cards represent eleven substantive works/collections and four short supporting orientations. Homepage, department directory, shared-government overview and brief NPS stories page stay outside the substantive target.", "Northern Arapaho and Eastern Shoshone are distinct peoples sharing Wind River. Cheyenne and Arapaho are distinct peoples within the shared Oklahoma government. Neither arrangement establishes one universal authority or identical historical experience.", "Northern education code enactment is May 4, 2006; the Oklahoma constitution was ratified April 4, 2006 and inspected through a later amended compilation. Neither is asserted to be unchanged current law.", "Reference grammar authorship includes Alonzo Moss Sr.; selected original introductory content counts once. Online grammar pages form one separate instructional collection, not a count for every lesson link.", "The 2019 food-sovereignty paper offers situated community-authored interpretation. The 2023 VR paper describes collaborative documentation, not demonstrated learner-fluency gains.", "Roberts’s 2000 methods paper and the 2017 NPS planning document are distinct works. Original recordings and source media were not accessed, and research permissions do not transfer to Atlas reuse." ], "added": false, "slug": "arapaho", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WY", "name": "Wyoming", "key": "us-wy" } ] }, { "originalId": 19, "name": "Arikara", "region": "Great Plains / North Dakota", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Arikara, or Sahnish, is a distinct people within the Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara Nation. This reviewed starting guide covers village histories, river-community displacement and educational priorities. Deeper Arikara-specific research remains unfinished.", "sections": [ { "title": "A shared government and distinct peoples", "text": "MHA Nation’s official site identifies the Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara Nation at Fort Berthold in North Dakota. It describes a Tribal Business Council with a chairman and representatives from six segments. This provides institutional orientation to a shared government; it does not make Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara interchangeable names or turn the reservation into their entire historical homeland.", "sourceIds": [ "p19-s1" ] }, { "title": "Village movements and river-community displacement", "text": "MHA Nation’s history distinguishes Sahnish village movements from Mandan and Hidatsa histories. Its narrative and timeline differ between 1862 and 1863, so the move into Like-a-Fishhook is described here as the early 1860 s. The page also recounts Garrison Dam relocation as a loss of fertile bottomlands and connected communities, with relocation completed by fall 1954.", "sourceIds": [ "p19-s2" ] }, { "title": "Language priorities and community educational work", "text": "MHA Nation presents Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara as separate languages and acknowledges Elders, teachers, Nueta Hidatsa Sahnish College and the MHA Language Project. Its portal identifies learning materials and past Arikara class recordings. This is an institutional account of educational priorities and collaboration; listing resources does not establish their contents, effectiveness or present class schedules as independently checked.", "sourceIds": [ "p19-s3" ] }, { "title": "Gardening and village economies", "text": "North Dakota Studies identifies Sahnish as the people’s own name and places Arikara village history along the Missouri River. Its educational account describes earthlodge homes, gardening of corn, beans and squash, food preservation and hunting. It also discusses epidemics and movement toward Like-a-Fishhook. These selected historical explanations do not describe every family or establish present practices.", "sourceIds": [ "p19-s4" ] }, { "title": "Reading expedition accounts critically", "text": "The NPS introduction identifies Arikara as a Caddoan language and describes farming villages and regional trade. It explicitly warns that expedition observers’ accounts were not necessarily correct from Indigenous perspectives and that the displayed excerpts have been adapted. These limits matter: similar-looking homes do not establish common origins, and an edited excerpt is distinct from an original journal.", "sourceIds": [ "p19-s5" ] }, { "title": "A reconstruction used for public interpretation", "text": "The NPS visitor entry identifies the Earthlodge Village near New Town as a reconstruction managed by MHA Nation. Its interpretation concerns Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara peoples together. The listing offers an introduction to public historical interpretation, rather than an unchanged ancestral settlement or an exclusively Arikara village; present visitor arrangements require separate checking.", "sourceIds": [ "p19-s6" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p19-s2", "title": "MHA Nation History — selected Sahnish, village and relocation sections", "publisher": "MHA Nation", "url": "https://www.mhanation.com/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Sahnish history", "Villages", "Garrison Dam", "Displacement" ], "annotation": "A substantial Nation-published historical account differentiates constituent peoples and describes village changes and dam-related displacement. Selected public historical sections are used; conflicting dates and outdated extinction language elsewhere are not silently adopted.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual extended body rendered by exact-URL search: Arikara section, Historical overview, Village & Relocations, and Elbowoods/Fort Berthold relocation paragraphs. Direct opens timed out; no underlying manuscripts, origin narratives or linked books reviewed.", "publicationDate": "Page undated in inspected body; search-index age is not assigned as publication date", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "Multiple substantial original institutional historical sections actually read beyond a title, index or abstract; the constrained access route is explicitly disclosed." }, { "id": "p19-s3", "title": "Language — MHA Nation educational priorities and resource portal", "publisher": "MHA Nation", "url": "https://www.mhanation.com/language/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Education", "Community collaboration" ], "annotation": "The Nation’s explanatory account describes language priorities and acknowledges community educational work. Count this institutional publication once, not every library item. Its linked books, recordings and applications have not thereby been inspected or evaluated.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual explanatory body: language introduction, Carry Forward, community recognition, program descriptions and learning-resource explanation. Library categories and links reviewed as navigation; no recordings, lessons, books or applications opened.", "publicationDate": "Undated page; 2015–2017 project and 2017 resource references date described work, not publication", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "Substantive community-published explanation of educational purpose, collaborators and resource development, beyond the library index itself. No count for merely listed publications." }, { "id": "p19-s4", "title": "Section 1: Arikaras", "publisher": "North Dakota Studies / State Historical Society of North Dakota", "url": "https://www.ndstudies.gov/gr8/node/554", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Sahnish naming", "Agriculture", "Village history", "Educational interpretation" ], "annotation": "A substantial state educational chapter provides historical explanations of naming, homes, gardening and movement. Selected practical historical material is used, with broad role descriptions treated as historical interpretation. Spiritual, ceremonial and personal practices are excluded.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual selected explanatory paragraphs on naming, village movement, homes, gardening, food preservation, epidemics and concluding interpretation. Sacred passages and source photographs excluded; not independent review of underlying archaeology or oral histories.", "publicationDate": "Undated chapter; archival photograph dates are not publication dates", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "A focused multi-paragraph educational chapter provides substantive Arikara-specific historical content." }, { "id": "p19-s1", "title": "Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara Nation — government entry point", "publisher": "MHA Nation", "url": "https://www.mhanation.com/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Shared government", "Identity", "Fort Berthold" ], "annotation": "Official government orientation identifies the shared Nation, council structure and reservation context. Retained as supporting institutional context rather than a substantial Arikara history. Dynamic population figures, individual officials, schedules and service availability are excluded.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual homepage mission, council, Tribal Government and Our Land text read. Navigation and notices screened; no underlying codes, service documents or enrolment records inspected.", "publicationDate": "Undated institutional page; dated notices and footer are not page publication dates", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Government entry point with short descriptive blocks and extensive navigation/notices; preserved without a substantive count." }, { "id": "p19-s5", "title": "Arikara — introductory context and adapted expedition records", "publisher": "National Park Service / Gateway Arch National Park", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/jeff/learn/historyculture/arikara.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Historical perspective", "Language affiliation", "Trade", "Reading records" ], "annotation": "The short contextual introduction warns that expedition accounts reflect outsider perspectives and that displayed excerpts are freely adapted. Preserved as supporting context. The longer journal compilation is not counted without full original-source review.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual introductory warning and contextual paragraphs, page lines 21–30, read. Journal excerpts encountered but not reviewed as a complete collection or original manuscripts; no ceremony or narrative reproduced.", "publicationDate": "Page publication/update date not established in this selected inspection; 1804 dates are historical records", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Only the short contextual introduction and editorial warning are substantively used; a long page does not establish a full journal-work inspection." }, { "id": "p19-s6", "title": "Mandan Hidatsa Arikara Tourism Earth Lodge Village", "publisher": "National Park Service", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/places/mandan-hidatsa-arikara-tourism-earth-lodge-village.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Public interpretation", "Reconstruction", "Three peoples" ], "annotation": "A short visitor listing identifies an MHA-managed reconstructed village and discusses shared earthlodge history. Useful supporting orientation, not a substantial Arikara-specific architectural study or evidence of current visitor services.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual location/management fields and explanatory visitor text read; reconstruction and three-peoples scope checked. Ceremonial characterization, dimensions, construction instructions, service offers and source photograph excluded.", "publicationDate": "First publication not established", "updatedAt": "2021-06-01", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Short visitor-oriented overview concerning all three peoples; retained outside the substantive count." } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 127, 195 ], "relationshipNote": "Arikara/Sahnish is a distinct people within the shared Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara Nation. Mandan and Hidatsa are allied constituent peoples, not aliases for Arikara. Fort Berthold is a reservation and governmental context, not the entirety of historical homelands. The three languages and Arikara-specific educational work require separate attention.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "coverageLevel": "reviewed-source-guide", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "researchGaps": [ "Read a substantial community-directed Arikara language textbook, dictionary introduction or documented educational study through legitimate public access, without reproducing narratives or audio.", "Broaden direct Sahnish-authored accounts and historical scholarship; a shared-government overview cannot represent every constituent people’s experience.", "Read actual primary records for village movement, colonial trade, treaties and dam displacement, preserving their period, authorship and community perspectives.", "Corroborate the 1862/1863 movement chronology; do not resolve conflicting dates by pretending sources agree.", "Verify present cultural/educational institutions separately, rather than converting undated descriptions or a 2021 visitor listing into current operations.", "No community review, contemporary speaker census or assessment of learner outcomes has occurred." ], "overviewSourceIds": [ "p19-s4", "p19-s2" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "rationale": "This pass refreshes six original access points and supplies a carefully scoped orientation from three substantive explanatory works, with three short supporting references. Initial adequacy is not yet established. Direct Sahnish-authored scholarship, actual language-learning publications, fuller historical primary records and contemporary Arikara-specific perspectives remain insufficient. An index or short contextual introduction cannot fill those gaps.", "remainingLimits": [ "The historical Nation page was inspected through its actual indexed body after direct timeouts; its selected interpretation and date disagreement require further corroboration.", "The language portal explains educational priorities, but no linked textbook, handout, dictionary, class recording or language study was actually read.", "The chapter and NPS introduction offer useful outside orientation, not a complete history or community review. The substantive target of twelve is not reached." ] }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Six original routes were rechecked; three substantive explanatory works and three supporting references are recorded. This is a reviewed starting guide, not an adequate deep-dive collection or a completion claim.", "The MHA history page was read through its actual indexed body after direct timeouts. Its internal 1862/1863 chronology difference is retained as uncertainty; page availability is not mislabeled a paywall.", "The language portal’s institutional explanation counts once. Underlying books, recordings, handouts and applications remain unread, and no audio was played. A linked Arikara Project access failure adds no work.", "The NPS expedition introduction is supporting; adapted excerpts are distinct from original journal editions. The short reconstructed-village listing concerns all three MHA peoples and is not an Arikara-specific architectural study." ], "added": false, "slug": "arikara", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-ND", "name": "North Dakota", "key": "us-nd" } ] }, { "name": "Asa'carsarmiut Tribe", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Asa'carsarmiut Tribe has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 812; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "asacarsarmiut-tribe", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Ashcroft Indian Band", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / band government", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Ashcroft Indian Band has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community government in the BC Assembly of First Nations community directory. Directory inclusion and administrative region do not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or a relationship to every broader people label.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body: exact selected name and its region label at lines 64-66; page heading at line 11 supplies British Columbia context. Only selected name/administrative-region content used. No linked histories, affiliation claims, images, interactive map operation or government-power analysis reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "ashcroft-indian-band", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 20, "name": "Assiniboine", "region": "Great Plains / Canada / United States", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Assiniboine is an outside name for northern Plains peoples who use names including Nakoda, Nakota and Nakona in community contexts. Their histories and kinship cross the Canada–United States border, while contemporary governments remain distinct. Fort Belknap, Fort Peck and Saskatchewan First Nations offer different perspectives on land, language and continuing political life.", "sections": [ { "title": "Names, language and origin accounts", "text": "Fort Belknap’s history identifies Assiniboine people as Nakoda or Nakota. Assiniboine derives from an Ojibwe name associated with cooking with heated stones. These names should be read in their local contexts. Linguistically, Nakoda belongs to the Siouan family. Linda Cumberland’s grammar also cautions against an old classification that treated Nakoda simply as a minor variant of Dakota and Lakota. Linguistic relationships do not settle every question of historical origin: Fort Belknap preserves oral accounts that differ from familiar outsider migration narratives.", "sourceIds": [ "p20-s1", "p20-s6" ] }, { "title": "Bison, mobility and trade networks", "text": "Bison supplied food, hides and materials for mobile Plains communities. Assiniboine people also traded meat and pelts with Missouri River agricultural communities for crops and other goods. Their relations with European trading companies built on Indigenous knowledge, diplomacy and exchange. At Fort Union, founded in 1828, Assiniboine permission enabled the post’s establishment, and Assiniboine traders became its principal partners. Women’s marriages and kinship relationships helped sustain those connections. This history places Indigenous communities at the center of the trading economy rather than at its margins.", "sourceIds": [ "p20-s2" ] }, { "title": "Epidemics and the coercion of reservation life", "text": "Smallpox repeatedly devastated northern Plains communities, including Assiniboine people connected with the Upper Missouri trade. The University of Saskatchewan’s synthesis places these epidemics alongside changing commercial networks and the destruction of bison herds. It describes later reserve life as shaped by restricted mobility, hunger, residential schooling and prohibitions on cultural and political activities. These pressures differed across the international boundary and among local communities. Reservation settlement consequently cannot be explained as a simple voluntary abandonment of older lifeways or as the end of Indigenous collective identity.", "sourceIds": [ "p20-s2", "p20-s7" ] }, { "title": "Carry the Kettle and Cypress Hills homelands", "text": "FHQ Developments’ community account dates the Treaty 4 adhesion by ancestors of Carry the Kettle to September 25, 1877 at Fort Walsh. It identifies the western Cypress Hills, including the Head of the Mountain, as a homeland of enduring significance. The community-authored history Owóknage follows forced removal from those lands to the area south of Sintaluta, Saskatchewan. Its published contents bring together land use, treaty-era farming, language, sacred places, harvesting and environmental concerns, drawing on Elder interviews as well as documentary research.", "sourceIds": [ "p20-s3", "p20-s4" ] }, { "title": "Distinct peoples within contemporary governments", "text": "Fort Belknap Indian Community in Montana unites Nakoda and Aaniiih, also called Gros Ventre, in a shared government. The reservation was established in 1888 and represents only part of the peoples’ wider ancestral territories. Fort Peck institutions separately serve Assiniboine and Sioux communities; their language department distinguishes Nakona/Nakoda from Dakota. Carry the Kettle is another particular First Nation rather than a name for all Assiniboine people in Canada. Shared institutions, broad peoplehood and individual governments therefore need to be kept distinct when tracing contemporary sovereignty.", "sourceIds": [ "p20-s1", "p20-s3", "p20-s5" ] }, { "title": "Language renewal and community knowledge", "text": "Fort Peck’s language department describes revitalization through community curriculum, Elder stories, history, songs and daily cultural learning. Its stated vision includes developing immersion education, which should be distinguished from evidence that a particular new school has already opened. Cumberland’s 2025 grammar provides a complementary reference on Nakoda sounds, grammar, kinship and writing systems, with attention to different practical orthographies. Community teaching and scholarly documentation serve related purposes, but the authority of particular speakers, families and institutions remains essential to how knowledge is learned and shared.", "sourceIds": [ "p20-s5", "p20-s6" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p20-s1", "title": "Fort Belknap History", "publisher": "Fort Belknap Indian Community", "url": "https://ftbelknap.org/history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Homelands", "Governance" ], "annotation": "Community account of Nakoda and Aaniiih, reservation history, bison lifeways and oral histories. Contains differing origin narratives and older linguistic simplifications; this profile preserves that distinction and uses a recent grammar for classification.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p20-s2", "title": "The Assiniboine", "publisher": "National Park Service / Fort Union Trading Post National Historic Site", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/fous/learn/historyculture/assiniboine.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Trade", "Kinship", "History" ], "annotation": "Specific account of Assiniboine authority and partnerships at Fort Union, intertribal exchange and the 1837 epidemic. Older broad origin claims and exact demographic estimates are not adopted here.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p20-s3", "title": "Carry the Kettle", "publisher": "FHQ Developments", "url": "https://fhqdev.com/economic-development/our-11-nations/carry-the-kettle/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Treaties", "Cypress Hills", "Homelands" ], "annotation": "First Nations economic organization’s community history of the 1877 Treaty 4 adhesion and Cypress Hills homeland. The page’s legal-case update is explicitly historical and is not used as a current litigation status.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p20-s4", "title": "Owóknage: The Story of Carry The Kettle Nakoda First Nation", "publisher": "Carry the Kettle First Nation / University of Regina Press", "url": "https://utpdistribution.com/9780889778153/owoknage/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community history", "Land", "Oral history" ], "annotation": "Publisher-distributor description and detailed contents of a community-authored history arising from traditional land-use research. Provides a substantial reading route through Cypress Hills displacement, Elder testimony, harvesting and sacred places; full book access is separate.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p20-s5", "title": "Fort Peck Tribes Departments: Language & Culture", "publisher": "Fort Peck Tribes", "url": "https://fortpecktribes.org/government/departments/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Education", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Official department page states the Nakona/Nakoda and Dakota program’s mission and vision for curriculum and immersion education. Distinguish its goals from confirmation that every envisioned facility is operational.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p20-s6", "title": "A Grammar of Nakoda (Assiniboine), Linda A. Cumberland (2025)", "publisher": "University of Nebraska Press / JSTOR", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/jj.29722263", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Language", "Kinship", "Writing systems" ], "annotation": "Public description, contents and chapter introductions establish Siouan affiliation, critique older classification and describe grammatical and orthographic coverage. Full text requires library or other access; this profile uses publicly visible material.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p20-s7", "title": "The Nakota/Nakoda Oyadebi (Assiniboine)", "publisher": "Gladue Rights Research Database / University of Saskatchewan", "url": "https://gladue.drc.usask.ca/assiniboine", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Colonialism", "History", "Canada" ], "annotation": "Historical synthesis of cross-border territory, trading alliances, epidemics and coercive reserve policies. Includes community and further-reading links; used for context rather than as a substitute for each nation’s own history.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 115, 360 ], "relationshipNote": "Assiniboine/Nakoda is not one government. Aaniiih/Gros Ventre at Fort Belknap and Dakota at Fort Peck are distinct co-resident peoples. Stoney Nakoda has close historical and linguistic relationships, but a Nakoda spelling alone does not identify the same community, language variety or government.", "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "researchGaps": [ "Add further community-authored perspectives and specialist scholarship for a fuller account.", "Seek community review and expand topics not yet covered in this introduction." ], "added": false, "slug": "assiniboine", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MT", "name": "Montana", "key": "us-mt" } ] }, { "name": "Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes of the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Montana", "overview": "Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes of the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "assiniboine-and-sioux-tribes-of-the-fort-peck-indian-reservation-montana", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MT", "name": "Montana", "key": "us-mt" } ] }, { "name": "Association of Ramaytush Ohlone", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Contemporary community nonprofit organization", "region": "California", "overview": "Association of Ramaytush Ohlone has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "The Association says it represents the interests of the Ramaytush Tribe; the Tribe calls it its nonprofit representative. An Association route must be labeled as an organization, not a second people or a substitute government.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.ramaytush.org/about-the-aro.html", "publisher": "Association of Ramaytush Ohlone", "scope": "Purpose-statement name and representation relationship only; program/history claims were not adopted.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "inspectedLines": "31-35", "access": "Public HTML actually read; identity-only selected content", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://www.ramaytushtribe.org/", "publisher": "Ramaytush Tribe", "scope": "Home-page identification of the Association as the Tribe's nonprofit representative. No recognition, exclusive-descent or territorial assertions adopted.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "inspectedLines": "94-97", "access": "Public HTML actually read; identity-only selected content", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/california-missions/recommended-resources/", "publisher": "Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian", "scope": "Regional community roster, Ohlone and Esselen heading and named entries only. Its own note says the list is not comprehensive. No claim that every listed organization is a distinct people or one government.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "inspectedLines": "226-227, 310-322", "access": "Public HTML actually read; identity-only selected content", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [ "ARO" ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 320, 263 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "association-of-ramaytush-ohlone", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [] }, { "originalId": 21, "name": "Atakapa", "region": "Gulf Coast / Louisiana / Texas", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Atakapa/Atakapan is a historical label used in Gulf Coast records for multiple groups in present-day Louisiana and Texas. The Atakapa-Ishak Nation of Southwest Louisiana and Southeast Texas, Grand Bayou Indian Village’s Atakapa-Ishak/Chawasha community, and the Attakapas Opelousas Prairie Tribe are identified as distinct present organized groups in the sources cited here; The Louisiana Attakapas Eagle Band also appears in a short page as a self-described present organization; the relationship between its Four Winds affiliation wording and the Governor’s roster entry “Four Winds Cherokee” remains unresolved here. These accounts are not collapsed into one government. This profile attributes historical syntheses and community perspectives to their authors, and does not infer disappearance from language loss or older population claims.", "sections": [ { "title": "Names and community scope", "text": "The Nation’s own pages use Ishak and Atakapa-Ishak and describe its Southwest Louisiana and Southeast Texas scope. Jeffery U. Darensbourg’s public-history essay and the Handbook of Texas show how older outside records used forms such as Atakapa/Atakapan for several groups and adjacent bands. Darensbourg also describes other organized Ishak groups, including the Attakapas Opelousas Prairie Tribe and Grand Bayou Indian Village. These sources do not establish a single present government for everyone associated with the historical label; the cultural and political accounts remain community-specific. A separate Louisiana Attakapas Eagle Band webpage describes the group as part of the Four Winds Tribe Louisiana Cherokee Confederation and claims the Calcasieu/Eagle band is state recognized. On the roster checked October 23, 2026, the Louisiana Governor’s Office lists “Four Winds Cherokee” under State Recognized Tribes but does not separately list an Attakapas Eagle Band entry. Since the names are not identical, these two short records do not establish whether the roster entry covers that Band. They document the group’s self-description and the public roster wording, not independent historical evidence or a verified recognition determination. A 2021 Texas Observer interview with Mary LeBlanc, identified by the reporter as Akokisa and a retired Nation council member, offers her account of clan names and local geography. The newspaper says its Unceded project worked with tribal representatives on mapping homelands on their own terms. These are LeBlanc’s reported perspectives; the article’s map is not treated here as boundary evidence, and sensitive ceremonial locations are not reproduced.", "sourceIds": [ "p21-s1", "p21-s2", "p21-s10", "p21-s16", "p21-s17", "p21-s18" ] }, { "title": "Gulf Coast history and colonial records", "text": "The Handbook of Texas and the 1932 Bureau of American Ethnology volume summarize communities and language documentation along the southwest Louisiana–southeast Texas coast. Their accounts depend substantially on European colonial records and early ethnography, with inconsistent group names and dated framing. Claims about cannibalism and rapid demographic loss are reported as historical-source claims, not repeated as settled descriptions of living people. Original colonial records and the archival field cards described by the Smithsonian have not been inspected for this profile. LeBlanc also gives a first-person account of mound use, continuity and change in the region. Those statements are attributed to her and are not independently verified archaeological findings in this guide.", "sourceIds": [ "p21-s2", "p21-s5", "p21-s14", "p21-s18" ] }, { "title": "Ishakkoy documentation and learning", "text": "The community account uses Ishakkoy and Yukhíti Kóy for the language and identifies contemporary writing and song activity. In a 2021 essay, Nation member Jeffery U. Darensbourg describes composing poems and song lyrics from examples in the Ishakkoy dictionary and collaborating on the film Hoktiwe; this is his account of a specific creative process, not a measure of language proficiency or community-wide program outcomes. The Living Dictionary says its 2022 edition was produced in close collaboration with Ishāk community members; selected entries and the project overview were inspected, but its permission terms preclude copying its content here. The 1932 dictionary preserves historical materials collected by Gatschet and Swanton, and Geoffrey Kimball’s later grammar reanalyzes those notes. Only selected grammar excerpts were available.", "sourceIds": [ "p21-s1", "p21-s4", "p21-s5", "p21-s6", "p21-s11", "p21-s12", "p21-s15" ] }, { "title": "Identity, art and cultural memory", "text": "The Atakapa-Ishak Nation’s cultural page describes elder-led work, artists, basketry, shellwork and beadwork, and connects zydeco to its own community interpretation and named scholarship. Darensbourg’s interview and essay give his personal perspective as a Nation member on Ishakkoy poetry, place and historical food memory. His essay explicitly distinguishes inherited memory from his own experience and builds on an older written account; that reflection is valuable as a contemporary community voice but is not independent proof of every historical detail or of a universal Ishak cultural practice.", "sourceIds": [ "p21-s10", "p21-s11", "p21-s12", "p21-s13", "p21-s15" ] }, { "title": "Contemporary communities and coastal life", "text": "The Atakapa-Ishak Nation of Southwest Louisiana and Southeast Texas and the Atakapa-Ishak/Chawasha community of Grand Bayou Indian Village appear in distinct first-party and reported accounts. An Associated Press report quotes named Grand Bayou members about their own fishing, community life and coastal stewardship. The First People’s Conservation Council page is a brief corroborating community-context link. These sources describe particular organizations and people; they do not speak for every descendant or community linked to historical Atakapa names. The Observer interview adds one named Akokisa elder’s perspective on community continuity, visibility and safety in southeast Texas. It should be read alongside the Nation’s own pages and Grand Bayou’s separately scoped accounts, not generalized to all present groups.", "sourceIds": [ "p21-s1", "p21-s7", "p21-s8", "p21-s10", "p21-s18" ] }, { "title": "Trade and conditional participation around a mission", "text": "Margaret Swett Henson places El Orcoquisac within competing French and Spanish efforts to control trade in southeastern Texas. Her account distinguishes colonial plans for a mission and presidio from local people’s participation: offers of supplies, disagreements and conditions on settlement shaped their encounters. Read its names, including Orcoquisa and Attakapa, in that eighteenth-century setting. The article is a historian’s reconstruction through earlier documentary scholarship, not a first-person Indigenous account or proof of present affiliations. Its underlying colonial manuscripts still need direct review.", "sourceIds": [ "p21-s19" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p21-s1", "title": "Our Story", "publisher": "Atakapa-Ishak Nation of Southwest Louisiana and Southeast Texas", "url": "https://echidna-heron-l6x3.squarespace.com/our-story", "type": "Indigenous-led / community history", "topics": [ "Self-identification", "Community distinctions", "Homelands", "Ishakkoy" ], "annotation": "This community page is a first-party account of the Atakapa-Ishak Nation of Southwest Louisiana and Southeast Texas. It explains the group’s self-designation, language name and homeland account, and names other organized Ishak groups separately. It represents this organization’s perspective; it does not speak for every community associated with historical Atakapa labels.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "author": "Community-authored institutional account; individual byline not listed", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible “Our Story” page, including naming, homeland, language, group distinctions and image credits. No images were reused and no membership, recognition or genealogical records were examined.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p21-s2", "title": "Atakapa Indians", "publisher": "Texas State Historical Association", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/atakapa-indians", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Historical names", "Gulf Coast history", "Subsistence", "Colonial encounters", "Language documentation" ], "annotation": "A substantial Handbook of Texas synthesis useful for coastal geography, source-named groups, subsistence, trade and missions. It relies on older outsider accounts and includes dated claims about cannibalism and population decline; those claims are attributed to the article and its cited historical authors, not treated as current community facts or proof that descendants disappeared.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "author": "Dorothy Couser", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible Handbook entry and bibliography. Its cited books, Spanish/French records, archaeological reports and linguistic studies were not independently inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p21-s3", "title": "Louisiana Creole Peoplehood: Afro-Indigeneity and Community", "publisher": "University of Washington Press / Rain Prud'homme-Cranford, Darryl Barthé and Andrew J. Jolivétte, editors", "url": "https://uwapress.uw.edu/book/9780295749495/louisiana-creole-peoplehood/", "type": "University press / further reading", "topics": [ "Afro-Indigeneity", "Identity", "Cultural continuity" ], "annotation": "The University of Washington Press description identifies a 2022 edited anthology on Louisiana Creole identity, Afro-Indigeneity and community. The book and its chapters were not read; this publisher page is a further-reading lead and does not establish a specific Atakapa claim.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the publisher’s public description and bibliographic information only; the anthology itself was not accessed.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p21-s4", "title": "Atakapa Ishākkoy Living Dictionary", "publisher": "Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages / David V. Kaufman and Ishak collaborators", "url": "https://livingdictionaries.app/atakapa-ishakkoy", "type": "Indigenous-led / collaborative language resource", "topics": [ "Ishakkoy", "Language documentation", "Language learning", "Orthography" ], "annotation": "A collaborative digital dictionary whose project page says the 2022 second edition was created in close collaboration with Ishāk community members and imported online in 2024–2025. It provides entries, examples and language-learning material. The online project asks users to seek permission before copying its content; the Atlas links to it and does not reproduce its entries.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "author": "David V. Kaufman with Ishāk community collaborators; online import by Kaufman, Anna Luisa Daigneault and Diego Córdova Nieto", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the About and visible Grammar summaries, contributor-information page and sampled dictionary entries. The dynamic grammar display did not expose full text in the browser text view; no audio or full dictionary export was used.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p21-s5", "title": "A Dictionary of the Atakapa Language: Accompanied by Text Material", "publisher": "Bureau of American Ethnology; digitized by University of North Texas Libraries", "url": "https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth20200/", "type": "Historical linguistic documentation / primary-source edition", "topics": [ "Ishakkoy documentation", "Historical texts", "Language geography" ], "annotation": "The 1932 Bureau of American Ethnology volume presents earlier vocabulary and texts collected by Gatschet and Swanton, including nine translated texts and a dictionary. It is a valuable historical linguistic record, but its colonial-era commentary, ethnographic framing and transcription choices require attribution and comparison with current community resources.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "author": "Albert S. Gatschet and John R. Swanton", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the full introduction, a selected “Western Atakapa” text and representative dictionary entries in the UNT Libraries’ public e-book edition. The rest of the 181-page volume and the original field notes were not read. The inspected e-book is the same work as the existing UNT facsimile record.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p21-s6", "title": "Yukhíti Kóy: A Reference Grammar of the Atakapa Language", "publisher": "University of Nebraska Press / JSTOR", "author": "Geoffrey Kimball, from Albert S. Gatschet’s field notes", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2ks729n", "type": "Academic / language reference", "topics": [ "Ishakkoy", "Grammar", "Historical documentation", "Language variation" ], "publicationDate": "2022", "annotation": "A specialist grammar reorganizes Gatschet’s 1885 notes and Swanton’s later additions, documents named speakers, and examines the phonological and grammatical limits of the older notation. JSTOR showed that full institutional access was unavailable; the publisher lists the e-book and print edition for purchase. Only actual preview excerpts are described here.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Inspected JSTOR bibliographic data and displayed excerpts from the introduction, phonology, verb morphology, text discussion and vocabulary. Full text was unavailable through the signed-in institution and was not read.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p21-s7", "title": "Environmental group tries to rebuild sinking coastline with recycled oysters", "publisher": "Associated Press, first published with Verite News", "author": "Safura Syed / Verite News", "url": "https://apnews.com/article/3453392adf00c337ecde23a601cd69e4", "type": "News report with attributed community voices", "topics": [ "Grand Bayou Indian Village", "Atakapa-Ishak/Chawasha", "Contemporary life", "Coastal stewardship" ], "publicationDate": "2024-10-02", "annotation": "A reported account of the distinct Grand Bayou community’s coastal stewardship and changing daily conditions. It attributes statements to named community members Jonathan Phillips, Rosina Philippe and Carmelita Sylve; those accounts concern their community and experience, not all people associated with Atakapa/Ishak history.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the full visible AP article, including byline and attributed remarks from Grand Bayou community members. The report’s broader environmental and regulatory statements are not adopted as independently verified Atlas claims.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p21-s8", "title": "Our Communities – Grand Bayou Indian Village", "publisher": "First People’s Conservation Council Louisiana", "url": "https://fpcclouisiana.org/our-communities/our-communities-grand-bayou/", "type": "Community organization / supporting reference", "topics": [ "Grand Bayou Indian Village", "Atakapa-Ishak/Chawasha", "Coastal Louisiana" ], "annotation": "A short Council page describes Grand Bayou Indian Village’s location, self-description and historical Atakapa-Ishak/Chawasha connection. It is kept as a supporting community-context link because it is brief and the Council’s statement is not a full history or a basis for merging distinct communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible community page. Its brief account was used only for its stated scope and community perspective.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p21-s9", "title": "Ishak Words: Language Renewal Prospects for a Historical Gulf Coast Tribe", "publisher": "University Press of Mississippi / Oxford Academic", "author": "Jeffery U. Darensbourg and David Kaufman", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/mississippi-scholarship-online/book/34136/chapter-abstract/289439308", "type": "Community-authored scholarship / further reading", "topics": [ "Ishak language", "Language renewal", "Community history" ], "publicationDate": "2019", "annotation": "A chapter by Ishak community member and scholar Jeffery U. Darensbourg and linguist David Kaufman. The abstract says it recounts the initial efforts of Ishak people to renew language use. The full five-page chapter was not accessed, so this is a limited-access lead rather than a substantive content check.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the chapter abstract, authorship, publication metadata and table-of-contents details. The full chapter was not available in the inspected page.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p21-s10", "title": "Ishak Indigenous People", "publisher": "64 Parishes / Louisiana Endowment for the Humanities", "author": "Jeffery U. Darensbourg", "url": "https://64parishes.org/entry/ishak-indigenous-people", "type": "Public-history synthesis by a community member", "topics": [ "Ishak self-designation", "Historical labels", "Gulf Coast history", "Creole identity", "Arts and language" ], "publicationDate": "2022-08-15 (updated 2024-02-19)", "annotation": "A substantial public-history essay by Jeffery U. Darensbourg, identified on the page as an Atakapa-Ishak Nation member. It discusses naming, Louisiana and Texas geography, multiple present organized groups, Creole identity, language and arts. Interpretive or uncertain historical claims remain attributed to the author and cited scholars; the entry is not treated as a community-wide statement or legal-status determination.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible entry, author attribution, suggested-reading bibliography and related image credit. Cited books, colonial records, and the referenced historical painting were not independently inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p21-s11", "title": "Culture", "publisher": "Atakapa-Ishak Nation of Southwest Louisiana and Southeast Texas", "author": "Community-authored institutional account; individual byline not listed", "url": "https://echidna-heron-l6x3.squarespace.com/culture", "type": "Indigenous-led / community cultural and language overview", "topics": [ "Cultural arts", "Basketry", "Shellwork", "Beadwork", "Zydeco", "Ishakkoy", "Language renewal" ], "annotation": "A first-party page describes elder-led initiatives, contemporary artists and language activity, and the Nation’s view of cultural continuity. Its interpretation of zydeco and particular arts is explicitly attributed to the Nation and named scholars; it is not generalized to all communities historically labeled Atakapa.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible Culture page, including language, art, contemporary authors and image-credit/reuse statements. No images, poems, language entries or other cultural content were copied.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p21-s12", "title": "An Interview with Jeffery Darensbourg", "publisher": "Indigenous Mississippi", "author": "Sara Černe, interviewer; Jeffery U. Darensbourg, interviewee", "url": "https://indigenousmississippi.com/artists/an-interview-with-jeffery-darensbourg/", "type": "First-person interview / community perspective", "topics": [ "Ishak identity", "Ishakkoy renewal", "Language and art", "Place", "Environment" ], "annotation": "An extended interview with Jeffery U. Darensbourg, whom the page identifies as an enrolled member of the Atakapa-Ishak Nation. It offers his personal perspective on Ishakkoy learning, writing, place and environmental change. Darensbourg explicitly marks some language etymologies and historical interpretations as speculation; those are not repeated as established fact.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read all six visible interview questions and answers and the author/interview context. Historical artworks, cited books and archival sources mentioned in the interview were not independently examined.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p21-s13", "title": "Hunting Memories of the Grass Things: An Indigenous Reflection on Bison in Louisiana", "publisher": "Southern Cultures, University of North Carolina Press", "author": "Jeffery U. Darensbourg", "url": "https://www.southerncultures.org/article/hunting-memories-of-the-grass-things/", "type": "Community-authored reflective essay", "topics": [ "Ishak identity", "Bison", "Historical memory", "Food and continuity" ], "publicationDate": "2021", "annotation": "An essay by an Atakapa-Ishak Nation member that links family memory, a historical account of Ishak hospitality and bison, and contemporary food and identity. It is a first-person reflection, not an independent archaeological or population study; the historical report and its cited scholarship are not independently confirmed here.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible essay and its footnotes, including the author’s description of the historical source and his own interpretive framing. Cited dissertation, books, dictionary sections and archival records were not independently read.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p21-s14", "title": "MS 2424 Attacapa-English dictionary", "publisher": "Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives", "author": "John R. Swanton and Delilah Morse; archival collection record", "url": "https://sova.si.edu/record/naa.ms2424", "type": "Archival finding aid / supporting primary-source locator", "topics": [ "Ishakkoy documentation", "Historical field notes", "Akokisa vocabulary" ], "publicationDate": "1907–1919", "annotation": "The Smithsonian finding aid identifies an archival card collection with Swanton and Delilah Morse, dates, holdings, and a note separating Eastern-dialect material from Akokisa vocabulary attributed to an earlier publication. The cards and slips themselves were not inspected, so this is a locator and does not contribute to the substantive count.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible catalogue record and its local note. The archival collection itself was not opened; access and reproduction conditions were not verified.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p21-s15", "title": "We Are Together Now: Notes on the Film Hoktiwe: Two Poems in Ishakkoy", "publisher": "Genealogy 5(2), article 28; MDPI", "author": "Jeffery U. Darensbourg, enrolled member of the Atakapa-Ishak Nation", "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2313-5778/5/2/28", "type": "Community-authored open-access essay / language and creative practice", "topics": [ "Ishakkoy", "Language creativity", "Poetry and music", "Community perspective" ], "publicationDate": "2021-03-25", "annotation": "A short first-person essay by Jeffery U. Darensbourg, identified by the journal as an enrolled Atakapa-Ishak Nation member. He describes using examples from David Kaufman’s Ishakkoy dictionary to compose poems and songs and working with Fernando López on the film Hoktiwe. This documents one artist’s language-creative process during a 2020 residency; it is not a comprehensive history, a measure of community-wide language use, or evidence that all readers have unrestricted access to the film. The article is CC BY 4.0; no poem text, dictionary entries, or film footage is reproduced here.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete two-page article body, abstract, acknowledgments, references, and copyright/license statement on the journal’s open-access page. The companion film and full dictionary were not viewed or copied.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p21-s16", "title": "Louisiana Attakapas Eagle Band — homepage and self-description", "author": "Chief J. E. Duhon and Martha LeJeune (as credited on page)", "publisher": "Louisiana Attakapas Eagle Band of the Four Winds Tribe Louisiana Cherokee Confederation", "url": "https://www.louisianaattakapaseagletribe.com/", "type": "Community self-description / supporting reference", "topics": [ "Louisiana", "Contemporary self-description", "Community names" ], "annotation": "A short current group webpage identifies the Louisiana Attakapas Eagle Band as part of the Four Winds Tribe Louisiana Cherokee Confederation and presents its own account of descent, bands, and cultural continuity. Several historical claims on the page lack supporting citations; they are not used as independently established history. The page asserts that the Band of the Calcasieu (Eagle) is recognized by Louisiana. That statement is presented as the site’s claim, not as an independently verified recognition determination.", "publicationDate": "Undated page; date not stated", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete accessible homepage, including its self-identification, claim about state recognition, four-band list, separately credited historical notes, and contact footer. Linked images, council pages, newsletters, and any underlying recognition instrument were not inspected. No contact was made.", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "sourceKind": "Supporting community self-description" }, { "id": "p21-s17", "title": "Federally and State-Recognized Tribes", "publisher": "Office of the Governor of Louisiana", "url": "https://gov.louisiana.gov/federal-and-state-recognized-tribes", "type": "Government / supporting reference", "topics": [ "Louisiana", "Public government roster", "Recognition terminology" ], "annotation": "The Governor’s current public roster places “Four Winds Cherokee” under State Recognized Tribes. It does not separately list an entry titled “Louisiana Attakapas Eagle Band.” Because the Band’s website uses the longer name “Four Winds Tribe Louisiana Cherokee Confederation,” this roster alone does not establish whether the listing covers that Band. It is evidence of what the state page lists, not an adjudication of the Band’s self-identification or history.", "publicationDate": "Current webpage; page does not state a publication date", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete accessible roster page and the full State Recognized Tribes list. The linked agency records, individual recognition applications, and underlying administrative decisions were not reviewed.", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "sourceKind": "Supporting government roster" }, { "id": "p21-s18", "title": "Mapping Indigenous Communities of Texas: Atakapa Ishak", "author": "Pauly Denetclaw; interview with Mary LeBlanc", "publisher": "The Texas Observer", "url": "https://www.texasobserver.org/mapping-indigenous-communities-of-texas-atakapa-ishak/", "type": "Reported community interview / oral-history source", "topics": [ "Akokisa self-identification", "Community perspectives", "Southeast Texas geography", "Public history" ], "publicationDate": "September 3, 2021", "annotation": "A Texas Observer Indigenous Affairs reporter interviews Mary LeBlanc, identified in the article as Akokisa and a retired Atakapa-Ishak Nation council member. The publication says its Unceded project worked with tribal representatives to map homelands and significant places on their own terms. LeBlanc discusses distinctions among clan names, local geography, community life and her recollections of place and change. These are a named community member’s reported perspectives, not independently verified archaeological conclusions or a statement for every Atakapa/Ishak community. The article includes sensitive cultural-site discussion and an accompanying map; the Atlas does not reproduce the map or disclose nonpublic ceremonial locations.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible article, including author/interviewee identification, project context and interview through the final learning-resources question. The interviewee’s statements about ancient continuity, mound dimensions and functions, and historical movement are retained only as her attributed account, not independently checked. Potentially sensitive ceremonial-location details are not repeated. The accompanying map image and its underlying geographic evidence were not separately inspected or reused.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p21-s19", "title": "\"El Orcoquisac\" 1756–1771: The Mission Nuestra Señora de la Luz del Orcoquisac, the Presidio San Agustín de Ahumada, and the Rivalry between the Spanish and the French for the Indian Trade in Southeastern Texas", "url": "https://houstonhistorymagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/13.3-El-Orcoquisac-1756-1771-The-Mission-Nuestra-Senora-de-la-Luz-del-Orcoquisac-Margaret-Scott-Henson.pdf", "publisher": "The Houston Review; public archive at Houston History, University of Houston", "author": "Margaret Swett Henson", "type": "Academic / regional colonial history", "topics": [ "Southeast Texas", "Mission history", "Colonial trade", "Historical labels", "Source perspective" ], "publicationDate": "1991", "citation": "Henson, Margaret Swett. 1991. The Houston Review 13(3): 115–126.", "annotation": "A historian’s account of a Spanish mission and presidio amid French–Spanish trading rivalry. It helps contextualize named Orcoquisa, Bedais and Attakapa actors, but relies heavily on older documentary scholarship. Its historical labels and interpretations do not establish present community identity, descent or consent to colonial rule.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Complete article body and footnotes, printed pp. 115–126, read visually in all seven PDF scan frames. The preceding map page 114 was encountered but not evaluated for evidence, rights or reuse. Original colonial manuscripts and works cited in the footnotes were not independently inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One new substantive regional historical study actually read, addressing the mission-history gap; not another count for its bibliography or source documents.", "accessNotes": "Public English PDF, no account/paywall encountered. Image-only scan: pypdf returned no extractable article text, so all narrative pages were rendered and read visually. This limits screen-reader/text-search access; use the Atlas’s cited plain-language synthesis and existing readable Handbook route as orientation. No reuse license established; link-only. No map, site coordinates, cemetery detail or archaeological material reproduced.", "accessStatus": "Public image-only PDF; not searchable text" } ], "relationshipNote": "Atakapa is a historical outside label; Ishak is a self-designation. The people and their associated historical groups are broader than any single present-day Ishak organization. A Louisiana Attakapas Eagle Band page is included as its own contemporary self-description, alongside an official state roster. The Band’s webpage states an affiliation using the name “Four Winds Tribe Louisiana Cherokee Confederation” and asserts state recognition for its Calcasieu/Eagle band; the Governor’s roster uses “Four Winds Cherokee” and does not list “Louisiana Attakapas Eagle Band” separately. These records do not resolve whether the names refer to the same listed body, so no equivalence or separate recognition determination is inferred.", "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "researchGaps": [ "The colonial and early ethnographic record needs closer review in French, Spanish and original archival materials; broad labels such as Atakapa, Akokisa and Deadose are not always used consistently.", "The language guide relies on historical documentation alongside a collaborative online resource. The full Kimball grammar was not accessed, and present learning activity or outcomes should not be inferred from resource availability.", "Archaeological, regional oral-history and mission histories need deeper comparison. No historical map was added because a sourced map/community connection was not reviewed in this batch.", "A Louisiana Attakapas Eagle Band webpage now supplies that group’s self-description, but the relation between the Band’s longer Four Winds affiliation name and the Governor’s roster label “Four Winds Cherokee,” and the Band’s state-recognition claim, remain unresolved from these short records. Additional relevant community and government documentation would be needed.", "Perspectives from other organized groups and descendant communities remain uneven; the Louisiana Attakapas Eagle Band is represented only by its short self-description and a public state roster whose wording does not settle the organization’s relationship to the listed Four Winds Cherokee entry.", "The 2021 Texas Observer interview supplies an important but individually scoped Akokisa perspective. Independent archaeological and archival corroboration is still needed for historical-site and deep-time statements; sensitive places should not be republished." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "rationale": "One newly read regional mission-history study adds useful Texas context to the twelve-work guide, bringing the substantive count to thirteen. It does not resolve inconsistent historical names or replace direct colonial-record, archaeological and broader community review. The additional archival dossier located in this pass remains unread and uncounted.", "remainingLimits": [ "Original Spanish/French records, mission files, specialist archaeology and the Smithsonian’s Swanton/Morse manuscript cards remain unread.", "Current community perspectives are meaningful but not comprehensive across all groups connected to the historical label.", "The complete Kimball grammar and Darensbourg–Kaufman language-renewal chapter were not accessed.", "No community review is recorded; historical identity and group relationships remain unresolved in the sources examined.", "The 2021 Texas Observer interview is one elder’s reported perspective; its accompanying map and underlying archaeological evidence were not independently reviewed, and sensitive cultural-site details are deliberately omitted." ] }, "gaps": [ "French, Spanish and Mexican colonial manuscripts and mission records need direct inspection; the current historical synthesis inherits older naming schemes and does not resolve all relationships among Atakapa, Akokisa, Deadose, Bidai, Opelousas and Chawasha.", "Current community material represents the Atakapa-Ishak Nation of Southwest Louisiana and Southeast Texas, one Nation member’s authored work, and Grand Bayou’s specific community context. Other organized-group and descendant perspectives require their own sources; no community review or endorsement is recorded.", "The Smithsonian MS 2424 field cards are described by a finding aid but remain unread. The 1932 dictionary is represented by selected pages, and Kimball’s full grammar and Darensbourg and Kaufman’s 2019 language-renewal chapter were not accessed.", "A 2013 Louisiana Folklife overview and an Inter-Tribal Council booklet were examined as leads but not adopted as substantive evidence: they are brief and/or repeat older group and disappearance narratives without enough transparent support for current educational synthesis. A legacy Atakapa-Ishak site result contained unrelated pharmacy spam and is excluded as compromised.", "No historical map is added in this batch: no map-to-community connection and reuse terms were independently reviewed.", "The Texas Observer interview adds one Akokisa elder’s account, but claims about ancient continuity and mound form/function were not independently checked against archaeological publications; the accompanying map was not reviewed for reuse or connection evidence." ], "researchComplete": false, "evidenceNotes": [ "October26,2026: Henson1991 scanned article printed115–126 visually read; adds one secondary mission-history work, not direct colonial-manuscript review. Image-only reader-access limit recorded. Historical names do not establish modern identity. No additional maps or archival leads counted." ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-01", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p21-s1", "reason": "The Atakapa-Ishak Nation’s own story introduces its self-designation and distinguishes its account from other organized Ishak groups." }, { "sourceId": "p21-s10", "reason": "Ishak scholar Jeffery U. Darensbourg’s public-history essay connects naming, Gulf Coast history, language, arts and multiple present groups." }, { "sourceId": "p21-s4", "reason": "The community-collaborative living dictionary offers concrete language-learning material with an explicit request to seek permission before copying." }, { "sourceId": "p21-s7", "reason": "Named Grand Bayou members describe their community’s coastal stewardship and daily conditions in this dated report." } ], "scopeNote": "Historical Atakapa labels, Ishak self-designation, language and present organizations are not interchangeable. Grand Bayou’s Atakapa-Ishak/Chawasha community is distinct from the Atakapa-Ishak Nation; the Eagle Band/Four Winds naming and state-roster relation remains unresolved.", "reviewRationale": "Community self-description, a community-member scholar, an actual language resource and a distinct community’s reported voices provide a useful bounded guide across historical and living perspectives.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Historical group relations and colonial accounts need further comparison; no single present recognition, genealogy or disappearance claim follows from the collection.", "Dictionary inspection sampled entries and visible summaries; the full dynamic grammar and audio were not reviewed, and contents are linked without copying." ], "imageRecordId": "atakapa-sabine-marsh-hillebrand-usfws", "reviewBasis": "Review of existing actual-content source records, retained evidence ledgers and image identification/rights records. No new original-source inspection count, fresh image inspection or comprehensive completion is implied.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false }, "added": false, "slug": "atakapa", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-LA", "name": "Louisiana", "key": "us-la" } ] }, { "name": "Atikameksheng Anishnawbek", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — Lake Huron region member listing", "overview": "Atikameksheng Anishnawbek’s own history identifies Ojibway, Algonquin and Odawa ancestry and explains its earlier Whitefish Lake name. Public historical and planning sources connect language, archival work and community participation while leaving detailed family histories and later outcomes open.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. Membership alone is not treated as proof of Ojibwe, Anishinaabe or other ethnic identity.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "History and the work of remembering", "text": "Atikameksheng’s public history names Ojibway, Algonquin and Odawa ancestors and identifies Whitefish Lake as an earlier community name. It recalls a nineteenth-century trading post and describes library efforts to preserve documents and recordings through community contributions. The linked memories book and original records remain further research tasks. The community’s own account should lead the reading, without treating every historical place name as an unchanged modern boundary.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-atikameksheng-history" ] }, { "title": "Planning as a continuing community process", "text": "The 2020 Comprehensive Community Plan links cultural memory, learning, well-being, infrastructure and stewardship. Its introduction calls for participation across community life and distinguishes a general framework from detailed work plans. It also emphasizes revision and evaluation. These passages explain the proposed planning process; they do not show that every goal was funded, implemented or achieved after publication.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-atikameksheng-plan" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p6-atikameksheng-history", "title": "History", "publisher": "Atikameksheng Anishnawbek", "url": "https://atikamekshenganishnawbek.ca/about/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "History", "Names", "Language", "Archives" ], "annotation": "Complete main history body read. Discusses the former Whitefish Lake name, the trading post and community library/archive work. This is the Nation’s public historical interpretation; the cited memories book, underlying treaty documents and recovered objects were not independently inspected. No current boundary or legal interpretation is adopted.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Complete four-paragraph History mainbody, web lines56–59.", "accessNotes": "Public actual-content body/PDF selected pages were read without a login. Nation’s public historical interpretation, not an independent treaty, legal, archaeological or memories-book review. Historical places/names are not current legal borders." }, { "id": "p6-atikameksheng-plan", "title": "Comprehensive Community Plan", "publisher": "Atikameksheng Anishnawbek", "url": "https://atikamekshenganishnawbek.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/AA-Community-Comprehensive-Plan-2020.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community planning", "Education", "Governance" ], "annotation": "March 2020, 96-page PDF. Read authorship front matter (PDF p.3) and printed pp.2–5 (PDF pp.11–14): planning domains, participation, implementation and evaluation. Produced by community members, leadership and staff with Four Worlds support. A dated planning framework, not proof of completed goals or a review of all chapters.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "2020-03", "contentReviewScope": "Authorship frontmatterPDFp3 and complete printedpp2–5/PDFpp11–14 of96. Downloaded34,661,524byte publicPDF; pypdfselected text actually read.", "accessNotes": "Public actual-content body/PDF selected pages were read without a login. Communitymembers/leadership/staff plan withFourWorldsCentre support. Webfiletool rejectedlargecontent, ordinarydirectdownload200succeeded. No claim allchapters orplanoutcomes inspected; document is a2020 framework." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page18 (zero-based17): named member entry with Ontario address; parenthetical name retained only where explicit.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [ "Whitefish Lake First Nation" ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections.", "Inspect community-authored memories and original historical records beyond the public overview.", "Read the remaining plan chapters and subsequent evaluations before making claims about completed programs.", "Expand language, family, education and livelihoods histories; no speaker or population total is asserted." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A small, purposefully selected actual-content starting path and specifically scoped credited image are now available. Fuller history, source comparison and community review remain open; quantity does not establish completion.", "remainingLimits": [ "Inspect community-authored memories and original historical records beyond the public overview.", "Read the remaining plan chapters and subsequent evaluations before making claims about completed programs.", "Expand language, family, education and livelihoods histories; no speaker or population total is asserted." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p6-atikameksheng-history", "p6-atikameksheng-plan" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; fuller history remains open", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-06", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "scopeNote": "A short starting path through selected actual-content works. Read each annotation for the specific community, period and inspection limits; this is not a complete history or community endorsement.", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p6-atikameksheng-history", "reason": "Start with the Nation’s own account of naming, history and community archival work." }, { "sourceId": "p6-atikameksheng-plan", "reason": "Use the selected introduction to understand planning principles while separating proposals from results." } ], "imageRecordId": "c06-atikameksheng-community-centre-2010" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Cohort06: selected actual-content sources and specifically scoped credited imagery form a bounded starting guide. Reused publications/photos are not new global works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "atikameksheng-anishnawbek", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "originalId": 22, "name": "Atikamekw", "region": "Québec", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Atikamekw Nehirowisiw are a distinct nation whose homeland, Nitaskinan, lies in the interior of Québec. Manawan, Opitciwan and Wemotaci have their own councils and cooperate through Atikamekw Sipi. Language, family responsibilities for territory and the assertion of continuing sovereignty connect community life with wider political and environmental concerns.", "sections": [ { "title": "Nitaskinan and territorial responsibility", "text": "Manawan's account locates identity in a territory inhabited by ancestors and entrusted to future generations. It describes a family system in which responsibility for managing a territory passes between generations; collective belonging differs from individual land ownership. Rivers, travel routes and place names connect Manawan with the Saint-Maurice, Outaouais and neighboring watersheds. This understanding of homeland reaches beyond the boundaries of any one reserve and beyond Québec's more recent administrative regions.", "sourceIds": [ "p22-s1" ] }, { "title": "Language and knowledge", "text": "Nehirowimowin is the Atikamekw language. Manawan's language page presents speech, territory and identity as inseparable, emphasizing vocabulary shaped by local environments and the self-designation Nehirowisiw. It also describes relationships with other Algonquian-speaking peoples, without making those nations interchangeable. Québec's profile identifies Atikamekw-language educational materials among Atikamekw Sipi's services. The combination matters: language is both an everyday medium of community life and a means through which institutions transmit knowledge and support younger generations.", "sourceIds": [ "p22-s2", "p22-s3" ] }, { "title": "Industrial development and displacement", "text": "Québec's historical summary places a major turning point in early twentieth-century industrial forestry. A sawmill at La Tuque and the railway's expansion toward Wemotaci and Abitibi brought workers and other resource users into Atikamekw territories. Dam building caused further moves between 1950 and 1972. These developments changed access to land and patterns of settlement. They should be understood as interventions in an existing homeland, rather than as the beginning of Atikamekw history or presence in the region.", "sourceIds": [ "p22-s3", "p22-s1" ] }, { "title": "Local councils and nation-wide cooperation", "text": "Atikamekw Sipi, founded in 1982, works across Manawan, Opitciwan and Wemotaci. Its published governance structure distinguishes ordinary members, elected representatives with voting responsibilities and the board made up of the Grand Chief/President and the three community chiefs. The assembly uses consensus, while the board uses majority decisions. Social, educational, linguistic and technical services operate alongside political representation and negotiations. These overlapping institutions show why the nation, its coordinating council and its three local governments should be identified separately.", "sourceIds": [ "p22-s4", "p22-s3" ] }, { "title": "The 2014 sovereignty declaration", "text": "On September 8, 2014, the nation's leaders publicly affirmed continuing sovereignty over Nitaskinan. Their declaration states that the territory had not been ceded or sold and links governance to occupation, language, inherited responsibilities and relationships with neighboring nations. It demands Atikamekw consent for resource development and use. This is the nation's political position and statement of rights; it should not be confused with a completed territorial settlement or a declaration that Canadian and Québec authorities have accepted every claimed jurisdiction.", "sourceIds": [ "p22-s5" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p22-s1", "title": "Territoire", "publisher": "Nation Atikamekw de Manawan", "url": "https://www.manawan.org/nomadisme/territoire/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Homelands", "Land stewardship", "Place names" ], "annotation": "Manawan's explanation of collective territorial belonging, intergenerational management responsibilities, travel routes and local place names. Its perspective is specifically grounded in Manawan.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p22-s2", "title": "Langue", "publisher": "Nation Atikamekw de Manawan", "url": "https://www.manawan.org/nomadisme/langue/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Identity", "Knowledge" ], "annotation": "Community explanation connecting Nehirowisiw identity, language and environmental knowledge. Provides a first-person complement to external linguistic classifications.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p22-s3", "title": "Atikamekw", "publisher": "Gouvernement du Québec", "url": "https://www.quebec.ca/en/government/quebec-at-a-glance/first-nations-and-inuit/profile-of-the-nations/atikamekw", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "History", "Communities", "Education" ], "annotation": "Provincial profile updated May 9, 2025, summarizing the three communities, industrial forestry, dam-related moves and Atikamekw Sipi's services. Its undated population estimate is not repeated here.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p22-s4", "title": "Gouvernance", "publisher": "Atikamekw Sipi – Conseil de la Nation Atikamekw", "url": "https://www.atikamekwsipi.com/fr/conseil-de-la-nation/membres-de-lassemblee-generale", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Government", "Institutions", "Representation" ], "annotation": "The council's account of assembly membership, board composition, voting rules and administrative responsibilities. Search-indexed full text was inspectable although direct retrieval intermittently failed.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p22-s5", "title": "La nation Atikamekw-Nehirowisiw dépose une déclaration de souveraineté !", "publisher": "Premières Nations / Pierre Gill", "url": "https://premieresnations.ca/articles/la-nation-atikamekw-nehirowisiw-depose-une-declaration-de-souverainete", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Sovereignty", "Homelands", "Resource development" ], "annotation": "Indigenous publisher's August 14, 2015 account reproduces the leaders' September 8, 2014 declaration. Read the declaration as an Atikamekw assertion, separately from the article's broader legal commentary.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relationshipNote": "Atikamekw Nehirowisiw names the nation. Manawan, Opitciwan and Wemotaci are distinct communities with local governments; Atikamekw Sipi coordinates representation and services across them.", "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "researchGaps": [ "Add further community-authored perspectives and specialist scholarship for a fuller account.", "Seek community review and expand topics not yet covered in this introduction." ], "added": false, "slug": "atikamekw", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-QC", "name": "Quebec", "key": "ca-qc" } ] }, { "originalId": 23, "name": "Atsugewi", "region": "California", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Atsugewi homelands lie south of the Pit River in northeastern California, including Hat Creek and Dixie Valley. Atsugewi identity has both local historical dimensions and a place within the present Pit River Tribe. Language archives, seasonal land-use histories and the work of Atsugewi cultural interpreters provide complementary routes into that continuing history.", "sections": [ { "title": "Homelands and seasonal movement", "text": "Hat Creek connected fishing grounds, winter settlements and routes into the Lassen highlands. In warmer months, Atsugewi people traveled along Hat Creek and Lost Creek into areas now within Lassen Volcanic National Park. Snow and elevation shaped seasonal use rather than making the high country uninhabited or without owners. National Park Service interpretation distinguishes the Atsuge of the pine-covered Hat Creek area from the Apwaruge of the drier country farther east; Berkeley also identifies Dixie Valley within the language's traditional area.", "sourceIds": [ "p23-s1", "p23-s2" ] }, { "title": "Atsugewi within the Pit River Tribe", "text": "The Pit River Tribe's own introduction identifies eleven autonomous bands, including Atsugewi, whose homeland encompasses parts of Shasta, Siskiyou, Modoc and Lassen counties. Atsugewi is consequently neither a synonym for every Pit River person nor simply an obsolete label. The modern tribal framework brings distinct bands together while acknowledging their autonomy. Readers should also distinguish Ajumawi, a band name in the Tribe's list, from the spellings Achumawi or Achomawi used in linguistic and historical publications.", "sourceIds": [ "p23-s3", "p23-s2" ] }, { "title": "Language relationships and the documentary record", "text": "Berkeley's California Language Archive identifies Atsugewi and Achumawi together as Palaihnihan, while describing the larger Hokan grouping as a hypothesis. Linguistic relatedness does not make the languages identical. The archive's guide points to D. L. Olmsted's 1984 lexicon and Leonard Talmy's 1972 dissertation, Semantic Structures in English and Atsugewi, alongside archival collections. These resources preserve vocabulary and analysis, but each reflects particular speakers, collection circumstances and scholarly questions rather than an exhaustive account of Atsugewi knowledge.", "sourceIds": [ "p23-s2" ] }, { "title": "Women as public cultural educators", "text": "Selena LaMarr began interpreting Atsugewi cultural practices at Lassen in June 1952 and became the park's first woman naturalist. She demonstrated basket weaving and acorn processing outside the Loomis Museum, wearing Atsugewi dress as her park uniform. Dessie Snooks joined the work in 1954; Laverna Jenkins and Lillian Snooks later continued demonstrations. Their teaching documents named Atsugewi people's active roles in deciding what visitors learned, rather than treating baskets and food-processing tools as anonymous remains of the past.", "sourceIds": [ "p23-s4" ] }, { "title": "Continuity and the limits of archival categories", "text": "Park accounts describe tribal participation in identifying museum collections and reviewing exhibits and publications. The Tribe's own website also advertises Pit River language sessions, although that announcement alone does not establish their Atsugewi-specific content. Berkeley's statement about the absence of first-language Atsugewi speakers draws on a 2011 linguistic reference. It describes language transmission at that source's date, not the disappearance of a people, the end of learning, or the authority of outsiders to define present Atsugewi belonging.", "sourceIds": [ "p23-s1", "p23-s2", "p23-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p23-s1", "title": "American Indian Heritage", "publisher": "Lassen Volcanic National Park, National Park Service", "url": "https://home.nps.gov/lavo/learn/tribes.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Homelands", "Seasonal lifeways", "Museums" ], "annotation": "Park overview describes Hat Creek seasonal travel, Atsuge and Apwaruge regional distinctions, and tribal collaboration on collections and interpretation. Relevant Atsugewi passages are separated from the page's other peoples.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p23-s2", "title": "Atsugewi", "publisher": "California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley", "url": "https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/atsugewi.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Language", "Archives", "Bibliography" ], "annotation": "Specialist guide to the language area, proposed relationships, archival collections, Olmsted's lexicon and Talmy's dissertation. Speaker-status wording cites Golla 2011 and should retain that temporal context.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p23-s3", "title": "Official Home of the Pit River Tribe", "publisher": "Pit River Tribe", "url": "https://pitrivertribe.gov/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Government", "Bands", "Homelands" ], "annotation": "Tribal government's own identification of eleven autonomous bands and their regional homeland. The authoritative starting point for the contemporary political relationship; includes language-program announcements.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p23-s4", "title": "Selena LaMarr", "publisher": "National Park Service", "url": "https://home.nps.gov/people/selena-lamarr.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Biography", "Basketry", "Cultural education" ], "annotation": "Biographical account details LaMarr's 1952–1972 interpretive work and the participation of Dessie Snooks, Laverna Jenkins and Lillian Snooks. Offers named cultural teachers alongside generalized ethnographic descriptions.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relationshipNote": "Atsugewi is distinct from Achumawi, although the languages are related and the peoples share Pit River connections. Atsugewi is also one of the Pit River Tribe's eleven autonomous bands.", "relatedOriginalIds": [ 5 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "researchGaps": [ "Add further community-authored perspectives and specialist scholarship for a fuller account.", "Seek community review and expand topics not yet covered in this introduction." ], "added": false, "slug": "atsugewi", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Augustine Band of Cahuilla Indians, California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Augustine Band of Cahuilla Indians, California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "augustine-band-of-cahuilla-indians-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Aundeck Omni Kaning First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — Lake Huron region member listing", "overview": "Aundeck Omni Kaning First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. Membership alone is not treated as proof of Ojibwe, Anishinaabe or other ethnic identity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page18 (zero-based17): named member entry with Ontario address; parenthetical name retained only where explicit.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "aundeck-omni-kaning-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "originalId": 25, "name": "Awakateko", "region": "Guatemala / Mexico", "kind": "People / language community", "overview": "Awakateko people have their principal homeland around Aguacatán in Huehuetenango, Guatemala, with communities also established in Mexico. Their Maya language is called Qa'yool or Qyool in Mexican sources. Community-led language research, school materials and migration histories reveal an identity rooted in a particular highland region while extending across national borders.", "sections": [ { "title": "Names and a highland homeland", "text": "Mexico's Indigenous-peoples atlas records qatanum, meaning our people, as a self-designation and explains Awakateko through the place name Aguacatán. The community's own linguistic atlas locates its homeland at the foot of the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes. Awakateko is one of several distinct Maya languages, rather than another word for Maya as a whole. Its close linguistic relationship with Ixil should also be distinguished from the similarly spelled Akateko, a different language and people in this directory.", "sourceIds": [ "p25-s1", "p25-s2", "p25-s3" ] }, { "title": "Displacement and communities in Mexico", "text": "INALI connects the Awakateko presence in Mexico with flight from Guatemala's civil war and military repression. Its migration account describes the relocation of Guatemalan Indigenous communities to different Mexican states in 1984–1985, followed by further movement for work, including to the United States. A newer INALI profile specifically identifies Maya Tecún I, Maya Tecún II and Santo Domingo Kesté in Champotón, Campeche. These settlements belong to a transnational history; migration does not make Aguacatán the only legitimate location of Awakateko life.", "sourceIds": [ "p25-s4", "p25-s3" ] }, { "title": "Work, clothing and adaptation", "text": "The INPI ethnography describes garlic and onion cultivation, seasonal crops, sheep raising, weaving, professional employment and agricultural migration. Its discussion of women's clothing identifies embroidered huipiles, woven skirts and sashes as forms of cultural expression. These are examples within a changing community, not a dress requirement or a complete occupational portrait. The same account notes adaptation of plant knowledge after settlement in Chiapas and Campeche, where different climates and vegetation created new conditions for everyday life.", "sourceIds": [ "p25-s1" ] }, { "title": "Hearing local variation directly", "text": "The Atlas Lingüístico Sonoro del Awakateko is led by the Comunidad Lingüística Awakateka within Guatemala's Maya-language academy, with advice from CIESAS and CIMSUR-UNAM. Its first version compares 400 entries from nine Aguacatán communities through maps, recordings and practical and phonetic transcriptions. Two speakers represent each location. Differences occur in sounds, word forms and vocabulary, sometimes within one community. This direct evidence shows why INALI's single catalogued Mexican variety should not be read as proof that everyone speaks identically.", "sourceIds": [ "p25-s2", "p25-s3" ] }, { "title": "Teaching and community authorship", "text": "In June 2025, Guatemala's government news agency reported the distribution of approximately 2,050 copies of Literatura Maya: Principios y Valores Culturales Awakateko to schools in Aguacatán. The Comunidad Lingüística Awakateka coordinated with educational authorities, reaching institutions at several school levels. Alongside its sound atlas and earlier grammars, this work places community knowledge into learning materials. It also changes the research perspective: Awakateko speakers are authors, investigators and teachers, rather than merely subjects counted in endangered-language statistics.", "sourceIds": [ "p25-s5", "p25-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p25-s1", "title": "Awakatecos – Etnografía", "publisher": "Instituto Nacional de los Pueblos Indígenas", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/awakatecos-etnografia/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Livelihoods", "Clothing" ], "annotation": "Ethnographic overview provides qatanum self-designation, work, dress and adaptation in Mexican settlements. Treat its generalized cultural descriptions as examples, rather than universal practices; full indexed text was inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p25-s2", "title": "Atlas Lingüístico Sonoro del Awakateko (ALISA)", "publisher": "Comunidad Lingüística Awakateka / Academia de las Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala, with CIESAS and CIMSUR-UNAM", "url": "https://alisa.aldelim.org/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Audio", "Community research" ], "annotation": "Community-led interactive atlas with 400 entries, nine research locations, speaker recordings and transparent sampling methods. Explains local variation and provides a bibliography of community grammars and dictionaries.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p25-s3", "title": "Lengua Qa'yool (awakateko)", "publisher": "Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas", "url": "https://www.inali.gob.mx/detalle/lengua-qayool-awakateko", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Language", "Geography", "Migration" ], "annotation": "Binational overview identifies Aguacatán and named Campeche settlements and describes the Awakateko–Ixil relationship. Its Mexican catalog classification is administrative in scope; demographic totals are not used here.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p25-s4", "title": "Atlas de las Lenguas Indígenas de México: Awakateko", "publisher": "Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas", "url": "https://atlas.inali.gob.mx/variantes/ficha/061901", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Migration", "Displacement", "Language policy" ], "annotation": "Detailed migration discussion connects civil-war displacement, 1984–1985 relocations and later labor mobility. Other panels use older census data, so their present-tense wording should be dated carefully.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p25-s5", "title": "ALMG impulsa idioma awakateko con distribución de documento en centros educativos", "publisher": "Agencia Guatemalteca de Noticias", "url": "https://agn.gt/almg-impulsa-idioma-awakateko-con-distribucion-de-documento-en-centros-educativos/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Education", "Literature", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "June 16, 2025 report documents a specific Awakateko-led school-material distribution, naming participating institutions and the publication. Provides a dated example of language work beyond endangerment summaries.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relationshipNote": "Awakateko is a particular Maya people and language, closely related linguistically to Ixil. It is distinct from Akateko despite the similar spelling. The ALMG linguistic community is a language institution, not a government over every Awakateko community.", "relatedOriginalIds": [ 8, 148, 202 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "researchGaps": [ "Add further community-authored perspectives and specialist scholarship for a fuller account.", "Seek community review and expand topics not yet covered in this introduction." ], "added": false, "slug": "awakateko", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico", "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 24, "name": "Awaswas", "region": "California / Monterey Bay", "kind": "Historical language / regional peoples", "overview": "Awaswas names an Ohlone language associated with the north shore of Monterey Bay and the Santa Cruz region. Its speakers belonged to distinct local communities, including the Uypi. Descendant histories continue through the Amah Mutsun Tribal Band, whose cultural and land-stewardship work connects this regional history with living people and present responsibilities.", "sections": [ { "title": "A language region with distinct local peoples", "text": "Awaswas is useful as a linguistic and regional label, but it should not turn every historical community into a single centralized tribe. The Santa Cruz Museum identifies its own site as Uypi homeland and describes the Uypi as Awaswas-speaking. The Amah Mutsun Tribal Band explains that its ancestors belonged to numerous communities with distinct territories and leadership, linked through trade and marriage. Ohlone supplies a broader connection, while Awaswas, Uypi and Amah Mutsun identify different aspects of that history.", "sourceIds": [ "p24-s1", "p24-s2" ] }, { "title": "Missionization and descendant continuity", "text": "Spanish missions brought people from different villages under coercive institutions that disrupted family life, land access, ceremonies and language use. The Amah Mutsun Tribal Band traces its lineages to communities affected by Mission Santa Cruz and Mission San Juan Bautista. Its history describes forced relocation, restrictions on leaving the missions and the continuation of practices under repression. The present Band is therefore a descendant community shaped by this history, rather than a convenient substitute for supposedly vanished people.", "sourceIds": [ "p24-s3" ] }, { "title": "What survives in the linguistic record", "text": "The California Language Archive locates Awaswas on Monterey Bay's north shore and identifies it as one of the Ohlone languages, distinct from Mutsun, Rumsen and others. Its documentation survives in wordlists rather than a large recorded speech corpus. The guide links published Pinart and Henshaw vocabularies and William Shipley's study of Awaswas. Such limited material supports research into vocabulary and relationships, but cannot be treated as a complete dictionary of community knowledge or as evidence that descendants ceased to exist.", "sourceIds": [ "p24-s4" ] }, { "title": "Returning to stewardship", "text": "The Amah Mutsun Land Trust states that its purpose includes conserving cultural and natural resources in the territories of both Mutsun- and Awaswas-speaking peoples. It describes a 2005 Tribal Council decision to renew stewardship, the creation of the Trust in 2013 and incorporation in 2015. Partnerships with landowners restore access for ceremony, learning and land care. Its stated area extends from Año Nuevo through the Santa Cruz Mountains and Monterey Bay to the Pajaro, San Benito and Salinas watersheds.", "sourceIds": [ "p24-s5" ] }, { "title": "Environmental pressures are cultural concerns", "text": "California's climate-impact account describes drought, wildfire, changing rainfall and rising seas as threats to Amah Mutsun physical, spiritual and cultural health. Culturally important plants become harder to restore, while erosion exposes and destroys coastal archaeological places. The account highlights the cumulative effects of fire suppression, land management and climate change in the 2020 CZU fires. These concerns connect historical Awaswas territories to contemporary stewardship; they should not be reduced to museum preservation or separated from the people responsible for those places.", "sourceIds": [ "p24-s6" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p24-s1", "title": "First Peoples of California", "publisher": "Santa Cruz Museum of Natural History", "url": "https://santacruzmuseum.org/exhibit/first-peoples-of-california/", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Uypi", "Lifeways", "Collections" ], "annotation": "Local exhibit identifies Uypi homeland and Awaswas language, explains food processing and material practices, and states that displayed local materials involve Amah Mutsun consultation. Useful for geographically specific learning.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p24-s2", "title": "Land Trust: Our Mutsun Identity", "publisher": "Amah Mutsun Tribal Band", "url": "https://amahmutsun.org/land-trust", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Communities", "Continuity" ], "annotation": "Tribal account explains the distinct territories and leadership of ancestral communities and the contemporary Band's shared identity. The page links onward to the Land Trust's newer website.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p24-s3", "title": "History", "publisher": "Amah Mutsun Tribal Band", "url": "https://amahmutsun.org/history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Colonialism", "Missions", "Descendants" ], "annotation": "The Band's extended account of mission coercion, suppressed practices and continuing family lineages. Contains some inconsistent dates and older recognition-process statements; those details are not adopted in this profile.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p24-s4", "title": "Awaswas", "publisher": "California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley", "url": "https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/awaswas.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Language", "Archives", "Bibliography" ], "annotation": "Specialist overview identifies the language's area, Ohlone relationships and wordlist-based documentation. Provides specific Pinart, Henshaw and Shipley references rather than a generic language search.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p24-s5", "title": "Our History and Vision", "publisher": "Amah Mutsun Land Trust", "url": "https://amlt.org/our-vision", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Land stewardship", "Institutions", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "The Trust's own account dates its stewardship initiative and organizational development and explicitly includes Awaswas-speaking territories. Distinguishes conservation activity from claims about historical political boundaries.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p24-s6", "title": "Impacts of climate change on the Amah Mutsun Tribal Band", "publisher": "California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment", "url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/climate-change/epic-2022/impacts-tribes/impacts-climate-change-amah-mutsun-tribal-band", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Climate", "Cultural resources", "Stewardship" ], "annotation": "August 2023 summary links climate hazards, culturally important species, coastal sites and tribal stewardship. Its environmental discussion connects descendant community priorities with the broader Awaswas–Mutsun region.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relationshipNote": "Awaswas is a historical Ohlone language and regional label; Uypi names a local Awaswas-speaking people. The Amah Mutsun Tribal Band includes descendants of Awaswas- and Mutsun-speaking communities. These terms are related but not interchangeable.", "relatedOriginalIds": [ 263, 234 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "researchGaps": [ "Add further community-authored perspectives and specialist scholarship for a fuller account.", "Seek community review and expand topics not yet covered in this introduction." ], "added": false, "slug": "awaswas", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 26, "name": "Ayapaneco", "region": "Mexico / Tabasco", "kind": "People / language community", "overview": "Ayapaneco refers to a language and community associated with Ayapa in Jalpa de Méndez, Tabasco. Also called Ayapa Zoque or numde 'oode, the language belongs to the Mixe-Zoque family. Community authors, teachers and media projects provide a fuller introduction than sensational stories about a disappearing language and its supposedly last speakers.", "sections": [ { "title": "Ayapa and the language's names", "text": "Ayapa lies on Tabasco's Gulf coastal plain, near the Cuxcuxapa River, in a region shaped by cacao cultivation and contact among Zoque, Nahua, Chontal and other populations. Ayapaneco is also called zoque-ayapaneco or Ayapa Zoque; numde 'oode, numdi oode and numte oote appear in different publications. These spellings refer to the language, not separate peoples. Linguist Jhonnatan Rangel places it in the Mixe-Zoque family and treats interrupted transmission as a specific linguistic challenge.", "sourceIds": [ "p26-s1", "p26-s2" ] }, { "title": "Community life beyond speaker counts", "text": "INPI's account describes a community with agricultural work, trades, shops, professional employment and migration to regional cities. Cacao remains part of foodways through drinks such as pozol and chorote. Patron-saint celebrations create occasions for local and neighboring communities to gather, with San Miguel especially significant. These practices connect livelihood, food and collective identity. They also show why the number of fluent speakers cannot stand in for the number of community members or the extent of their cultural life.", "sourceIds": [ "p26-s1" ] }, { "title": "Reading work by named community authors", "text": "Las partes del cuerpo humano en ayapaneco was published in 2013 under the authorship of Manuel Segovia and José Manuel Segovia, with other Ayapaneco speakers credited as collaborators. It combines an introduction, discussion of sounds and writing, illustrated vocabulary and a glossary in Ayapaneco, Spanish and English. The introduction explicitly notes that spelling was not standardized at publication. This makes the book both a practical learning resource and evidence of community authorship, while warning against treating its orthography as timeless or universally fixed.", "sourceIds": [ "p26-s3" ] }, { "title": "Public teaching and language celebration", "text": "INALI's report of the first Ayapaneco language festival in May 2013 describes workshops with schoolchildren, poetry, theater, music and traditional games in Ayapa. Materials about the body and a collection of legends were prepared with speakers and distributed during the event. The report recognizes several named contributors, including Manuel Segovia, Isidro Velásquez and Cirilo Velásquez. This dated account documents collaborative teaching and public recognition; it does not establish the size or results of any program in 2026.", "sourceIds": [ "p26-s4" ] }, { "title": "Ayapanet and access to recorded knowledge", "text": "A contribution by Rangel with the independent community collective Retoño de mis Raíces describes documentation and revitalization work since 2012. Their Ayapanet project responds to a practical problem: audiovisual materials existed, but local infrastructure made them difficult to use. They proposed a low-cost media library accessible through a local wireless network without internet. The contribution describes a testing phase, not a completed universal service. Its emphasis is community control over content and access, alongside education and language learning.", "sourceIds": [ "p26-s5" ] }, { "title": "Understanding endangerment without the media shortcut", "text": "Daniel Suslak's 2011 article examines the circulation and consequences of the story that Ayapaneco was dying because two speakers refused to talk to one another. Its abstract traces publicity through institutions and international media. That anecdote cannot replace the documented work of multiple contributors. Rangel's research identifies limited documentation, costly annotation, scarce equipment and unreliable connectivity as obstacles, and links language work with inequality and discrimination. These structural conditions give a more useful context for understanding revitalization needs.", "sourceIds": [ "p26-s6", "p26-s2", "p26-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p26-s1", "title": "Ayapanecos – Etnografía", "publisher": "Instituto Nacional de los Pueblos Indígenas", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/ayapanecos-etnografia/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Homelands", "Livelihoods", "Foodways" ], "annotation": "Detailed account of Ayapa's coastal setting, work, cacao drinks and patron-saint celebrations. Full indexed text was inspected; its speculative language-origin claim is excluded from this profile.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p26-s2", "title": "Challenges for Language Technologies in Ayapaneco", "publisher": "Jhonnatan Rangel / Language Technologies for All", "url": "https://lt4all.elra.info/media/papers/P3/10.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Language", "Technology", "Documentation" ], "annotation": "Research poster identifies Mixe-Zoque affiliation and practical barriers involving annotation, equipment, connectivity and training. Its speaker estimates describe the research context and are not repeated as present-day totals.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p26-s3", "title": "Las partes del cuerpo humano en ayapaneco", "publisher": "Manuel Segovia and José Manuel Segovia / Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas", "url": "https://site.inali.gob.mx/publicaciones/partes_del_cuerpo_ayapaneco.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Community authors", "Learning materials" ], "annotation": "2013 illustrated book by named community authors, crediting additional speakers. Includes sound and spelling guidance, body vocabulary and a trilingual glossary; explicitly states that its spelling was not standardized.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p26-s4", "title": "Primer festival de la lengua ayapaneca: Shem yeh chotz numdi oode", "publisher": "Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas", "url": "https://www.inali.gob.mx/detalle/inali-encabezo-el-shem-yeh-chotz-numdi-oode-primer-festival-de-la-lengua-ayapaneca", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Education", "Festivals", "Community participation" ], "annotation": "May 13, 2013 release records children's workshops, locally compiled publications and named speakers honored at the festival. The site's migrated title contains 2025, but the actual event and release are from 2013.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p26-s5", "title": "Ayapanet: creando una mediateca virtual comunitaria soberana, in Experiencias en educación popular y tecnologías libres", "publisher": "Jhonnatan Rangel with Retoño de mis Raíces / Universidad Popular", "url": "https://universidadpopular.red/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Experiencias-en-educacion-popular-y-tecnologias-libres.pdf#page=50", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community media", "Education", "Digital access" ], "annotation": "Pages 49–50 describe a community collective's local media-library project and its testing stage. Offers a collaborative first-hand account of documentation access and control, rather than an outsider rescue narrative.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p26-s6", "title": "Ayapan Echoes: Linguistic Persistence and Loss in Tabasco, Mexico", "publisher": "Daniel F. Suslak / American Anthropologist", "url": "https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1548-1433.2011.01370.x", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Media", "Language endangerment", "Research context" ], "annotation": "2011 study analyzes the circulation and consequences of the two-speakers story. The freely readable abstract and bibliography were inspected; full article access may require a subscription.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relationshipNote": "Ayapaneco names a language and associated community in Ayapa; it is a particular member of the Mixe-Zoque family. Language transmission, community membership and the broader Zoque label are related but separate matters.", "relatedOriginalIds": [ 453 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "researchGaps": [ "Add further community-authored perspectives and specialist scholarship for a fuller account.", "Seek community review and expand topics not yet covered in this introduction." ], "added": false, "slug": "ayapaneco", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 27, "name": "Babine", "region": "British Columbia / Babine Lake and Babine River", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Babine histories connect lake and river communities, salmon fisheries, hereditary leadership, and relationships across north-central British Columbia. This introduction centers Lake Babine Nation’s own publications, alongside collaborative scholarship and public records. Its reading collection follows historical trade and colonial interference through language learning, community planning, stewardship, and work toward self-government.", "sections": [ { "title": "A nation of connected communities", "text": "Lake Babine Nation’s community plan organizes its discussion around Tachet, Fort Babine or Wit’at, Old Fort, Pinkut Lake/Donald’s Landing, and Woyenne, alongside members living away from home. This is a network of communities with shared and distinct priorities, rather than one village whose location captures the entire homeland. The treaty office’s public account places the traditional territory around Babine Lake and describes four clans and hereditary leaders with responsibilities toward land. Its institutional and treaty-stage descriptions are older material, however, and should not be taken as a current administrative directory.", "sourceIds": [ "p27-s1", "p27-s2" ] }, { "title": "Balhats and the study of law", "text": "The balhats, or feast system, belongs within an account of law, leadership, and responsibilities. In Cis dideen kat—When the Plumes Rise, Jo-Anne Fiske and Betty Patrick frame their study as a descriptive account of Lake Babine customary law and changing relations with the Canadian state. Their publicly available introductory chapter explains that research began in 1993 and that historical documents were examined alongside the knowledge of hereditary chiefs and elders. They explicitly acknowledge limits concerning narratives, territorial detail, and language. Their work offers an important sustained reading path without making one study a complete or timeless statement of Lake Babine law.", "sourceIds": [ "p27-s1", "p27-s3" ] }, { "title": "Trade, salmon, and historical records", "text": "The treaty office reproduces Daniel Williams Harmon’s account of his January 1812 journey among Babine villages. It describes hospitality, salmon-based livelihoods, and trade connections reaching toward the coast through neighboring peoples. The office also warns that Harmon’s knowledge was limited by observation and interpretation. His writing is a record of a colonial visitor encountering an already connected society. It does not mark the beginning of Babine history, establish an exact population, or supply an objective description of every community. Reading the excerpt with the office’s commentary makes the source’s position visible.", "sourceIds": [ "p27-s4" ] }, { "title": "The barricade dispute and community resistance", "text": "In its account of 1906, the treaty office describes women defending a rebuilt fishing weir when fisheries officers attempted to dismantle it. It recounts arrests and negotiations in which chiefs sought provisions and services in exchange for removal of the weirs. The account calls the resulting agreement the Barricade Treaty. This history connects colonial control of fishing to food security, resistance, and political negotiation. A later UNBC report describes archaeological work conducted with Lake Babine Nation at a Babine River fishing village, where earlier work had established occupation extending back at least 1,300 years. The collaborative study concerns a particular site, not a date for the origins of the people.", "sourceIds": [ "p27-s5", "p27-s6" ] }, { "title": "Language learning and public resources", "text": "Nedut’en is the name used by Lake Babine Nation’s FirstVoices collection. Its public pages offer an alphabet, recordings, words, phrases, and stories; individual records identify contributors. These are community-created learning resources, with their own access and reuse conditions. FPCC’s March 2025 account adds a specific example of intergenerational learning: Brian Lacerte learning from his mother, Rosalie MacDonald, through a mentor-apprentice program. It also describes MacDonald’s own learning and teaching work. Together, the collection and dated account show different forms of language transmission. Neither provides grounds for a current speaker census or a claim that one teaching method represents every family.", "sourceIds": [ "p27-s7", "p27-s8" ] }, { "title": "Planning, governance, and the Foundation Agreement", "text": "The 2017–2022 community plan records priorities in language, education, housing, access, health, and stewardship, developed through engagement with members. It is evidence of community priorities during a stated planning period; it is not a report that all goals were achieved. The Nation’s November 2020 update explains the Foundation Agreement as a twenty-year framework for implementing rights and developing self-government, rather than a finalized treaty settlement. Its governance page describes a proposed Nation-level and community-level model and steps toward ratification and implementation. A February 2024 federal announcement records a further funding agreement supporting governance capacity and infrastructure priorities for Wit’at and Tachet. That announcement documents commitments, not the completion of all funded facilities or a transition to the proposed government.", "sourceIds": [ "p27-s2", "p27-s9", "p27-s10", "p27-s13" ] }, { "title": "Stewardship and decisions about development", "text": "Lake Babine Nation’s environmental-assessment explanation identifies sustainability, benefits, socioeconomic effects, and respectful relationships as criteria for evaluating proposed development. It distinguishes an assessment collaboration agreement from work toward a further consent agreement. A different publication, issued in July 2023, announced closure of the recreational salmon fishery along part of the Babine River corridor in response to warm water and pressure on salmon. Read as a dated action, it shows how stewardship is expressed through decisions concerning food, water, and future generations. The notice should not be used as current fishing guidance. More recent regulations and Nation communications would need checking before a visit.", "sourceIds": [ "p27-s11", "p27-s12" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p27-s1", "title": "Who We Are", "publisher": "Lake Babine Nation Treaty Office", "url": "https://www.lbntreaty.com/who-we-are/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Homelands", "Government" ], "annotation": "Community account of territory, four clans, hereditary responsibilities, and the treaty office’s mandate. Its older treaty-stage and membership statements are not used as current facts.", "reviewScope": "Identity and mandate paragraphs; the page contains dated administrative context.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p27-s2", "title": "Comprehensive Community Plan 2017–2022", "publisher": "Lake Babine Nation", "url": "https://www.lakebabine.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/LBN-CCP_FINAL-COPY-March-2017.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Contemporary", "Government", "Culture", "Homelands" ], "annotation": "Nation-authored plan built through member engagement. See printed pp. 7–10, 20–26 and the community chapters for scope, shared priorities, and local differences. Goals are not completion reports.", "reviewScope": "Introduction, community structure, shared directions, and operational priorities; not every implementation action was independently checked.", "published": "2017", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p27-s3", "title": "Cis dideen kat—When the Plumes Rise: introductory chapter", "publisher": "Jo-Anne Fiske and Betty Patrick · UBC Press", "url": "https://www.ubcpress.ca/asset/12366/1/9780774808118.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Government", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Public sample of the coauthored book on Lake Babine legal order. The introduction, printed pp. 7–14, explains its research, historical context, and explicit limits. The entire book has not been reviewed here.", "reviewScope": "Publisher’s eight-page introductory sample; the full book is a further reading option.", "published": "2000", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p27-s4", "title": "Daniel Williams Harmon Visits Babine Lake, January 1812", "publisher": "Lake Babine Nation Treaty Office", "url": "https://www.lbntreaty.com/history-culture/timeline/daniel-williams-harmon-visits-babine-lake-january-1812/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "History", "Trade", "Homelands" ], "annotation": "Community commentary plus a reproduced fur-trader journal excerpt, useful for early trade and salmon livelihoods. The publisher identifies the visitor’s limited perspective; his estimates are not treated as a census.", "reviewScope": "Commentary and reproduced January 1812 journal passage.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p27-s5", "title": "The Barricades Are Protected and the Treaty Is Made, 1906", "publisher": "Lake Babine Nation Treaty Office", "url": "https://www.lbntreaty.com/history-culture/timeline/the-barricades-are-protected-and-the-treaty-is-made-1906/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "History", "Government", "Foodways" ], "annotation": "Nation-published narrative of women’s defense of the weir, arrests, and negotiations. Distinguish this historical account from the legal text and later interpretation of the Barricade Treaty.", "reviewScope": "Full historical narrative; no claim that every treaty obligation or its legal status has been independently established.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p27-s6", "title": "Excavation Uncovers Centuries-worth of Artifacts for Northern BC First Nation", "publisher": "University of Northern British Columbia", "url": "https://www.unbc.ca/releases/2012/10-16babineexcavation", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "History", "Homelands", "Archaeology" ], "annotation": "October 18, 2012 account of archaeology undertaken with Lake Babine Nation, including earlier dating of a fishing-village site. A project report about one location, not a complete regional archaeological synthesis.", "reviewScope": "Full project news account; later technical publications remain a research task.", "published": "2012-10-18", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p27-s7", "title": "Nedut’en (Lake Babine Nation): public language collection", "publisher": "Lake Babine Nation · FirstVoices", "url": "https://www.firstvoices.com/neduten-lake-babine", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Learning", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-created alphabet, dictionary, recordings, and stories. Public pages and a dictionary example were inspected; follow contributor credits and the collection’s usage conditions. Counts and audio transcriptions are not reproduced here.", "reviewScope": "Rendered public home/alphabet/collection and sample dictionary material; no restricted content accessed.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p27-s8", "title": "National Indigenous Languages Day: Nedut’en mentor-apprentice account", "publisher": "First Peoples’ Cultural Council, with Odette Auger", "url": "https://fpcc.ca/stories/national-indigenous-languages-day/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Contemporary", "Education" ], "annotation": "March 31, 2025 feature includes Brian Lacerte and Rosalie MacDonald’s Lake Babine learning and teaching experiences. Its other language-community examples are not assigned to Lake Babine.", "reviewScope": "Nedut’en section, including the named mentor-apprentice pair and teaching account.", "published": "2025-03-31", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p27-s9", "title": "Foundation Agreement Update — November 2020", "publisher": "Lake Babine Nation", "url": "https://www.lakebabine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/LBN-Foundation-Agreement-Booklet-V.3.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Government", "Contemporary", "History" ], "annotation": "Nation-published explanation of the September 2020 agreement and implementation work. See printed pp. 3 and 10–11, especially the distinction between a framework agreement and a treaty settlement.", "reviewScope": "Introductory account, timeline, and questions and answers; goals and early commitments kept distinct from later outcomes.", "published": "2020-11", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p27-s10", "title": "Governance: Foundation Agreement vision and milestones", "publisher": "Lake Babine Nation", "url": "https://www.lakebabine.com/foundation/foundation-governance/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Government", "Contemporary" ], "annotation": "Sets out a proposed two-level governance model, community engagement, citizenship-rule development, ratification, and implementation steps. Its future-tense model is not described as already in force.", "reviewScope": "Governance vision and milestone sections; no current officeholder list used.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p27-s11", "title": "Environmental Assessment and the Foundation Agreement", "publisher": "Lake Babine Nation", "url": "https://www.lakebabine.com/foundation/lands-and-resources/environmental-assessment/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Government", "Homelands", "Contemporary" ], "annotation": "Explains the Nation’s criteria for proposed development and distinguishes collaboration from a further consent agreement. A public account of priorities, not a substitute for the signed instruments.", "reviewScope": "Assessment criteria, collaboration/consent distinction, and policy explanation.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p27-s12", "title": "Lake Babine Nation Closes Recreational Fishery", "publisher": "Lake Babine Nation", "url": "https://www.lakebabine.com/lake-babine-nation-closes-recreational-fishery/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Homelands", "Foodways", "Contemporary" ], "annotation": "July 28, 2023 announcement of protective action effective August 1, 2023, linking river temperature and pressure on salmon. Historical evidence of stewardship; not current fishing guidance.", "reviewScope": "Full public announcement and its stated 2023 effective date.", "published": "2023-07-28", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p27-s13", "title": "Governance capacity and Wit’at/Tachet infrastructure funding agreement", "publisher": "Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/crown-indigenous-relations-northern-affairs/news/2024/02/lake-babine-nation-and-canada-sign-agreement-to-support-community-vision-for-governance-capacity-development-and-infrastructure-priorities-for-wita.html", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Government", "Contemporary" ], "annotation": "February 21, 2024 announcement, with a Lake Babine leadership statement, of support for capacity and community priorities. Funding commitments do not establish that every project or governance transition was completed.", "reviewScope": "News-release body and Lake Babine statement; demographic and reserve-count figures omitted.", "published": "2024-02-21", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 41 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "preferredName": "Lake Babine Nation (profile focus)", "relationshipNote": "This profile centers Lake Babine Nation and its communities. Language labels such as Babine, Nedut’en, and Babine–Witsuwit’en require context; linguistic relationships do not make Lake Babine, Wet’suwet’en, or Dakelh governments interchangeable. The historical Barricade Treaty and the 2020 Foundation Agreement are different instruments.", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "researchGaps": [ "Read the full Fiske–Patrick volume and subsequent community scholarship; compare accounts of women’s leadership, law, colonial violence, relocation, and residential schooling.", "Follow the Barricade Treaty account into the original instrument, archival correspondence, and community interpretations of unfulfilled obligations. Compare the community plan’s 1905 chronology with the treaty office’s 1906 narrative.", "Add more histories authored by individual communities and clarify the wider scope of historical Babine and related language labels.", "Check newer community reports for the outcomes of governance, infrastructure, environmental-assessment, and language initiatives. Source quantity does not establish completion." ], "searchTerms": [ "Nedut’en", "Neduten" ], "added": false, "slug": "babine", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Bad River Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Wisconsin, United States — current government listing", "overview": "Bad River Band of Lake Superior Chippewa is a distinct Ojibwe government on the southern shore of Lake Superior. The Band's public history connects its reservation to the 1854 Treaty of La Pointe and places Odanah near the meeting of the Bad and White Rivers. It describes gardens, seasonal harvesting and the wild rice beds of the Kakagon Sloughs as parts of this particular community's history. That account offers an introduction to relationships among food, water and place, while its broader descriptions of Ojibwe society require further reading across communities. The Mashkiiziibii Natural Resources Department adds a governmental perspective: its mission connects ecosystem protection, technical work, traditional values and the Band's ability to govern natural resources. Together, these pages make a useful starting path from local history to stewardship as an exercise of self-government. They do not establish present harvesting rules, access permissions, ecological outcomes or a complete history. The USFWS photograph shows spawning habitat in the Bad River, an ecosystem in which a federal report documents Band-sponsored lake sturgeon research.", "relationshipNote": "The state roster identifies this named Tribal Nation separately. It does not establish the full history or relationships of every broader reading label.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Odanah and local food landscapes", "text": "The Band's account locates Odanah at the Bad and White Rivers and connects nearby gardens and Kakagon wild rice beds with seasonal community life. These particular places anchor the introduction without making them stand for every Ojibwe community.", "sourceIds": [ "c4-br-history" ] }, { "title": "Stewardship and self-government", "text": "The Natural Resources Department describes protecting ecosystem integrity and access to traditional pursuits alongside institutions of Tribal self-governance. Reading its mission is a starting point for examining practical projects and their results.", "sourceIds": [ "c4-br-resources" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c4-br-history", "title": "History", "publisher": "Bad River Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "url": "https://www.badriver-nsn.gov/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Local history", "Odanah", "Food and water" ], "annotation": "The Band presents its own historical orientation to Odanah, reservation formation and local food landscapes. Broad cultural generalizations and current numerical claims are excluded.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual History body lines 7–21 read. Selected local history at lines 7, 14, 16 and 19–21; religious detail, clan lists, name etymology and current figures not adopted.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessLimits": "Public HTML selected body read; linked resources not read unless separately listed." }, { "id": "c4-br-resources", "title": "Mashkiiziibii Natural Resources Department", "publisher": "Bad River Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "url": "https://www.badriver-nsn.gov/natural-resources/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Natural resources", "Self-government", "Stewardship" ], "annotation": "The department explains how its mission joins conservation, traditional values and Tribal self-government. A mission statement establishes priorities, not measured environmental outcomes or current legal advice.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual mission statement lines 7–16 read. Staff directory, notices, linked codes and newsletters are outside this selected reading scope.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessLimits": "Public HTML selected body read; linked resources not read unless separately listed." }, { "id": "c4-br-sturgeon-context", "title": "Great Lakes Fish and Wildlife Restoration Act Report to Congress — Lake Sturgeon Habitat in the Tributaries of Lake Superior", "publisher": "U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service", "url": "https://www.fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/GLFWRA-Report-to-Congress-1990-2010.pdf", "type": "Government / primary record", "topics": [ "Photograph context", "Sturgeon habitat" ], "annotation": "Supporting context explicitly names the Band as recipient and sponsor of Bad River lake sturgeon habitat work. It connects the ecosystem photograph to documented work without proving Tribal ownership of the camera site.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual selected project entry lines 3219–3243, PDF page 121, printed report pages 114–115 read; Band sponsorship and lower-Bad-River habitat work. Other projects and index lists excluded.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "accessLimits": "Public report; only named project body selected, not the full 179-page report." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://dcf.wisconsin.gov/tribalaffairs/tribalinformation", "publisher": "Wisconsin Department of Children and Families", "title": "Tribal Information — Federally Recognized Tribes in Wisconsin", "scope": "Named in the complete eleven-government list; identity/name check only.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "chippewa" ], "researchGaps": [ "Deepen local chronology through community-authored histories and the underlying treaty and archival records.", "Review specific environmental projects and outcomes; mission statements alone do not evaluate them.", "Check current Tribal rules and access guidance separately before interpreting any harvesting or land-use activity." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded collection of actual selected source bodies supports a useful starting guide for this named government. It remains incomplete and does not imply community endorsement.", "remainingLimits": [ "Deepen local chronology through community-authored histories and the underlying treaty and archival records.", "Review specific environmental projects and outcomes; mission statements alone do not evaluate them.", "Check current Tribal rules and access guidance separately before interpreting any harvesting or land-use activity." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "c4-br-history", "c4-br-resources", "c4-br-sturgeon-context" ], "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-04", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c4-br-history", "reason": "The Band presents its own historical orientation to Odanah, reservation formation and local food landscapes. Broad cultural generalizations and current numerical claims are excluded." }, { "sourceId": "c4-br-resources", "reason": "The department explains how its mission joins conservation, traditional values and Tribal self-government. A mission statement establishes priorities, not measured environmental outcomes or current legal advice." } ], "scopeNote": "Exact named government; broader Ojibwe or Potawatomi histories and related governments remain distinct.", "reviewBasis": "Actual selected bodies read; baseline identification evidence and supporting photograph context are retained separately and do not count as substantive reading.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Deepen local chronology through community-authored histories and the underlying treaty and archival records.", "Review specific environmental projects and outcomes; mission statements alone do not evaluate them.", "Check current Tribal rules and access guidance separately before interpreting any harvesting or land-use activity." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "imageRecordId": "bad-river-sturgeon-habitat-usfws-2010" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "bad-river-band-of-lake-superior-chippewa", "regionGroups": [ "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WI", "name": "Wisconsin", "key": "us-wi" } ] }, { "originalId": 28, "name": "Bannock", "region": "Great Basin / Idaho", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Bannock histories connect the Snake River Plain with Northern Paiute communities and wider Great Basin and Rocky Mountain travel networks. At Fort Hall, Bannock and Shoshone people share the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes government while maintaining distinct languages. Community publications connect treaty history, language teaching, food sovereignty, and environmental stewardship.", "sections": [ { "title": "People, language relationships, and homelands", "text": "Bannock is both a people’s name and the name of a Northern Paiute language variety. Linguist Tim Thornes locates historical Bannock territory around the Snake River Plain of southwestern Idaho and the Boise River Valley, and describes sustained contact with Shoshoni. The Tribes’ own overview places Bannock bands within a shared history with Northern Shoshone bands, across ancestral lands extending well beyond present reservation boundaries. Their related Numic languages belong to the Uto-Aztecan family. A shared government and close cultural relationships coexist with linguistic distinctions; neither Bannock nor Northern Paiute should be treated as simply another name for Shoshone.", "sourceIds": [ "p28-about", "p28-thornes" ] }, { "title": "Routes, place names, and responsibilities to land", "text": "The Language and Cultural Preservation Department’s 2024 essay describes Tennambo’i, the lava-flow country now within Craters of the Moon, through ancestral memory and living place names. It connects routes across the Snake River Plain with salmon fishing, buffalo hunting, and camas and wild-carrot gathering farther afield. These paths linked important food areas and relationships across a large region. The department also explains its work with the National Park Service to bring tribal interpretations into public signage. Its account connects historical travel with present responsibilities, including collaborative efforts against invasive grass threatening camas habitat at Centennial Marsh.", "sourceIds": [ "p28-tennamboi" ] }, { "title": "The treaty, an unfulfilled reservation promise, and Fort Hall", "text": "The treaty signed at Fort Bridger on July 3, 1868, contains different provisions for Eastern Shoshone and Bannock people. Article 2 promises a future Bannock reservation; the published text names Portneuf and “Kansas Prairie,” while the Tribes’ public interpretation identifies Camas Prairie. Article 4 addresses reservation residence and hunting on specified unoccupied lands. In its Treaty Day account, the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes explains that the separate Bannock reservation was never created and that Bannock people were instead relocated to Fort Hall in 1869. The Tribes’ historical overview describes subsequent losses through surveying, legislation, and allotment. Reading the treaty beside tribal interpretation helps distinguish the agreement’s text from what the United States actually implemented.", "sourceIds": [ "p28-treaty", "p28-treatyday", "p28-about" ] }, { "title": "Camas, colonial deprivation, and food sovereignty", "text": "A 2023 study coauthored by tribal citizens and university researchers connects the Bannock War of 1878 with restricted access to food, damage to camas grounds, and unmet federal obligations. Its historical discussion places hunger and displacement at the center of the conflict rather than describing war as an isolated outbreak. The study also documents a contemporary project to make camas more accessible at Fort Hall through cultivation experiments and community activities. Seeds and transplanted bulbs offered possible ways to strengthen access, although the authors identify questions about genetic differences and longer-term effects. This work connects experimental science, tribal oversight, and relationships maintained through food.", "sourceIds": [ "p28-camas" ] }, { "title": "Language teaching and a narrator’s history", "text": "The Tribes’ Language and Cultural Preservation Department describes instruction in both Bannock and Shoshone, taught by tribal members and connected to history, identity, and treaty knowledge. Its archival and digital preservation programs retain documents, recordings, interviews, and family histories. Thornes’s 2020 publication provides a different kind of evidence: Bannock-language narratives with transcription, grammatical analysis, and translation. The autobiographical narrative of Lizzie Edmo was recorded by Sven Liljeblad at Fort Hall in 1959. Her recollections describe travel, gathering, fishing, and exchanges among families. The article preserves an individual speaker’s experience and linguistic knowledge; it should not be generalized into a single life story for every Bannock family.", "sourceIds": [ "p28-language", "p28-thornes" ] }, { "title": "Shared government and the care of public history", "text": "The published constitution and bylaws identify the Fort Hall Business Council as the governing body of the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes and provide for seven elected members. The document records a constitution approved in 1936 and later amendments. This is a primary source for the shared government’s formal structure, rather than a description of every earlier Bannock political arrangement. Cultural work is also institutional: the preservation department maintains archives, supports historical research, and addresses misleading representations and exploitation of tribal intellectual property. Its museum presents community history, art, and the Benedicte Wrensted photographic collection. Publicly shared information sits alongside material the department explicitly treats as confidential or sensitive.", "sourceIds": [ "p28-constitution", "p28-language" ] }, { "title": "Horses and knowledge passed within families", "text": "The Tribes describe Indian relay racing as a continuing horse tradition passed to younger generations by tribal families. Its public explanation outlines a team of four people and three horses, with the rider changing horses between laps while teammates manage the exchanges. This gives readers a concrete view of coordination and skill. The page’s broader claims about the sport’s origin represent the Tribes’ own account; this profile does not turn its undated historical claims into a precise chronology.", "sourceIds": [ "p28-relay" ] }, { "title": "Fish, water, energy, and contemporary priorities", "text": "The shared government’s Fish and Wildlife Department links habitat restoration and fisheries work to the exercise of treaty rights. The Tribes’ salmon advocacy also calls for removal of the four lower Snake River dams, framing recovery as a cultural responsibility as well as an ecological issue. Its Water Resources Department describes protection of water quality, administration of reservation water use, and implementation of the 1990 Fort Hall water agreement. A separate 2022 Community Action Plan brings air monitoring, community survey findings, renewable energy, and efficiency measures into environmental planning. Together these sources show distinct forms of contemporary tribal action. They document governmental priorities and proposals, rather than proving that every proposed project or policy has been completed.", "sourceIds": [ "p28-fish", "p28-salmon", "p28-water", "p28-energy" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p28-about", "title": "About: Shoshone-Bannock Tribes — culture and history", "publisher": "Shoshone-Bannock Tribes", "url": "https://www.sbtribes.com/about/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Homelands", "History" ], "annotation": "Tribal historical overview, especially “Culture and History” and the reservation discussion. Explains the shared community’s composition, food resources, travel, and land reduction. Undated; its broad regional account is not a map of exclusively Bannock territory.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p28-thornes", "title": "Bannock (Fort Hall, Idaho)", "publisher": "International Journal of American Linguistics / University of Chicago Press", "url": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/707225", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Language", "Oral history", "History" ], "annotation": "Tim Thornes, 2020, volume 86 supplement 1, pp. S13–S33. Read the introduction, Lizzie Edmo’s autobiographical narrative, and recording notes. Specialist linguistic analysis accompanies older speaker recordings; the article’s speaker estimate is dated, not a current census.", "author": "Tim Thornes", "publicationDate": "2020", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p28-tennamboi", "title": "Embracing Tennambo’i: The Shoshone-Bannock Tribes’ Connection to Craters of the Moon", "publisher": "Shoshone-Bannock Tribes Language and Cultural Preservation Department / National Park Service", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/crmo/planyourvisit/embracing-tennambo-i.htm", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Homelands", "Culture", "Stewardship" ], "annotation": "Tribal department’s guest essay, updated September 25, 2024. Explains place names, ancestral travel, interpretive collaboration, and camas habitat restoration. This is an explicitly tribal-authored perspective hosted by the park, not an anonymous federal summary.", "publicationDate": "2024-09-25", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p28-treaty", "title": "Treaty with the Eastern Band Shoshoni and Bannock, 1868", "publisher": "Shoshone-Bannock Tribes, reproducing Charles J. Kappler’s treaty compilation", "url": "https://www.sbtribes.com/fort-bridger-treaty/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Treaties", "Homelands", "History" ], "annotation": "Primary treaty text dated July 3, 1868; inspect Articles 2 and 4 for the promised Bannock reservation and hunting provision. Published in Kappler’s 1904 compilation and reproduced by the Tribes. Historical wording requires context and does not by itself settle present legal disputes.", "publicationDate": "1868-07-03", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p28-treatyday", "title": "Shoshone-Bannock Tribes recognize Fort Bridger Treaty Day", "publisher": "Shoshone-Bannock Tribes", "url": "https://www.sbtribes.com/shoshone-bannock-tribes-recognize-fort-bridger-treaty-day/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Treaties", "Identity", "Governance" ], "annotation": "Public tribal interpretation of the treaty, its continuing importance, the unfulfilled separate Bannock reservation, and relocation to Fort Hall. Complements the primary text by explaining the government’s own historical and political understanding. No publication date is displayed in the inspected article.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p28-camas", "title": "Strengthening Relationships to Traditional Foodways: Adapting Food Practices Through Camas Cultivation Experiments on the Fort Hall Indian Reservation", "publisher": "Journal of Ethnobiology / SAGE", "url": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/02780771231176361", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Food sovereignty", "History", "Stewardship" ], "annotation": "Sidney Fellows, Georgia Hart-Fredeluces, Nolan Brown, and Morey Burnham, 2023. Tribal–university collaboration; read “Postcolonial Suppression,” partnership methods, and conclusions. Connects restricted food access and 1878 conflict to cultivation research, while identifying biological uncertainties. Historical discussion is a synthesis, not a complete war history.", "author": "Sidney Fellows; Georgia Hart-Fredeluces; Nolan Brown; Morey Burnham", "publicationDate": "2023-06-08", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p28-language", "title": "Language and Cultural Preservation", "publisher": "Shoshone-Bannock Tribes", "url": "https://www.sbtribes.com/language-culture/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Culture", "Archives" ], "annotation": "Substantive departmental account of instruction, archives, historical research, oral-history recording, museum work, and protection of sensitive knowledge. Undated; class times, personnel, and visitor details require a fresh check before use. Programs serve the shared Shoshone-Bannock community.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p28-constitution", "title": "Constitution and Bylaws for the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes", "publisher": "Shoshone-Bannock Tribes", "url": "https://www.sbtribes.com/constitution-bylaws/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Governance", "History" ], "annotation": "Constitution approved April 30, 1936, presented with amendments through August 15, 2013. Read the preamble and governing-body provisions for the seven-member Business Council. The web transcription repeats an article heading incorrectly; consult the linked official document for precise legal citation.", "publicationDate": "1936; amended through 2013", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p28-relay", "title": "Indian Relay Racing", "publisher": "Shoshone-Bannock Tribes", "url": "https://www.sbtribes.com/relay-racing/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Culture", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community account of family horse traditions, relay-team roles, and changing horses during a race. Useful for the Tribes’ own public presentation of the sport. Undated origin and age claims are attributed accounts, not an independently established chronology.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p28-fish", "title": "Fish and Wildlife: preserving resources and Snake River policy", "publisher": "Shoshone-Bannock Tribes", "url": "https://www.sbtribes.com/fish-and-wildlife/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Stewardship", "Treaties", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Departmental explanation of treaty-based responsibilities, restoration priorities, and salmon and steelhead projects. Read “Management Authority,” “Areas of Focus,” and “Snake River Policy.” Broad program descriptions are undated; announcements and project implementation dates need separate verification.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p28-salmon", "title": "Save Idaho Salmon", "publisher": "Shoshone-Bannock Tribes", "url": "https://www.sbtribes.com/saveidahosalmon/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Stewardship", "Contemporary life", "Treaties" ], "annotation": "Tribal advocacy page explains cultural stakes of salmon recovery, the Snake River policy, and support for lower Snake River dam removal. Includes named community perspectives and discussion of a 2021 congressional proposal. Read as a policy position, not proof of a completed dam-removal decision.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p28-water", "title": "Tribal Water Resources Department and Commission", "publisher": "Shoshone-Bannock Tribes", "url": "https://www.sbtribes.com/water-resources-department/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Water", "Governance", "Stewardship" ], "annotation": "Tribal account of the 1990 Fort Hall water agreement, department formation, water-use administration, and quality monitoring. Read “History and Direction” and “Water Quality Program.” Explains governmental responsibilities; it is not a substitute for the agreement’s full legal text.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p28-energy", "title": "Community Action Plan: Promoting Cleaner Air Through the Development of Renewable Energy Resources", "publisher": "Shoshone-Bannock Tribes, Tribal Department of Energy", "url": "https://www.sbtribes.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/TDOE-Community-Action-Plan.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Environment", "Energy", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Dated November 15, 2022. Read printed pp. 1–4 for purpose, pp. 10–14 for community survey, pp. 15–21 for monitoring, and pp. 29–31 for implementation. A planning document with community input; recommended actions and dated measurements are not current outcome evaluations.", "publicationDate": "2022-11-15", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 255, 347 ], "relationshipNote": "Bannock is closely connected to Northern Paiute and shares government with Shoshone people at Fort Hall. Bannock and Shoshoni are linguistically distinct. Sources about the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes describe shared institutions and should not be presented as evidence of a separate contemporary Bannock-only government.", "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "researchGaps": [ "Add more Bannock-authored or community-approved family histories and public oral histories, including experiences beyond Fort Hall; one narrator cannot represent every band or family.", "Deepen the 1878 war account with community interpretation and critically assessed archival records, including differing experiences among Bannock, Northern Paiute, and Shoshone families.", "Compare the published treaty text with manuscript and official publication records, and document the chronology of Fort Hall boundary changes without collapsing promises, executive orders, and later legislation into one event.", "Add a dated community account of Bannock language learning and teaching outcomes; no current speaker total is asserted here.", "Expand evidence on schooling, livelihoods, art, and family life, and verify permissions and cultural suitability before reproducing archival images or knowledge." ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-01", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p28-about", "reason": "The Tribes' Culture and History account introduces Bannock relationships and Fort Hall's shared community without assigning all joint territory exclusively to Bannock people." }, { "sourceId": "p28-thornes", "reason": "Lizzie Edmo's attributed autobiographical material and recording notes provide a named Fort Hall speaker's perspective within a specialist language study." }, { "sourceId": "p28-tennamboi", "reason": "This Tribal department's guest essay connects ancestral travel, food places, public interpretation and camas stewardship in its own voice." }, { "sourceId": "p28-treatyday", "reason": "The Tribes' Treaty Day article explains their interpretation of the promised Bannock reservation and later shared Fort Hall history." } ], "scopeNote": "Bannock people and their Northern Paiute language variety remain distinct from Shoshoni; Fort Hall has a shared Shoshone-Bannock government. The 2020 journal article was previously read in its introduction, Edmo narrative and recording notes; current journal access has not been rechecked. Edmo's 1959 recorded account is one person's mediated history, and treaty metadata discrepancies remain unresolved.", "reviewRationale": "A community overview, named speaker, Tribal-authored place essay and Tribal treaty interpretation provide a useful path into people, language, land and political history without relying on hostile settler summaries.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Fuller Bannock-authored family histories, 1878 conflict perspectives and original treaty/implementation records remain needed.", "The treaty reproduction's Kansas/Camas Prairie difference and ratification/proclamation chronology require primary-record comparison; neither is silently corrected here.", "The salmon-skin bag is catalogued jointly as Bannock-Shoshone with an unrecorded maker; preserve that exact scope and do not infer design meanings or exclusive Bannock attribution." ], "imageRecordId": "bannock-shoshone-salmon-bag", "reviewBasis": "Review of existing actual-content source records, retained evidence ledgers and image identification/rights records. No new original-source inspection count, fresh image inspection or comprehensive completion is implied.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false }, "added": false, "slug": "bannock", "regionGroups": [ "Great Basin" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-ID", "name": "Idaho", "key": "us-id" } ] }, { "name": "Bay Mills Indian Community", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Michigan", "overview": "Bay Mills Indian Community is a distinct Ojibwe government and community whose public history work connects photographs, documents, elder interviews and education. Its History Department describes a committee working with scholar Charles Cleland on The Place of the Pike, a history of Bay Mills, and explains Gnoozhekaaning as the local traditional place name. The department's account also connects constitutional organization in 1936 with the first tribal election in 1937. This is Bay Mills' institutional narrative, rather than a claim that every regional Ojibwe community shares the same government history. Bay Mills Community College provides another specific community institution: its account traces a vocational program funded in 1981 and a charter granted by Bay Mills Indian Community in 1984. The college describes serving the local community, other tribal communities and neighbors through several locations and online education. These sources make a useful first path through community memory and institution building. Present program access, educational outcomes and detailed historical chronology remain questions for further review.", "relationshipNote": "The State’s individual Bay Mills entry explicitly relates this government to Sault Ste. Marie bands of Chippewa Indians. It is not the same government as the separately listed Sault Ste. Marie Tribe.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "History assembled within the community", "text": "The History Department describes collecting photographs and documents and interviewing elders in work that supported Charles Cleland's book. Its public account is a guide to that community effort, not a substitute for reading the book or assessing every underlying archive. Sensitive burial entries are omitted from this profile.", "sourceIds": [ "c3-bm-history" ] }, { "title": "A tribally chartered college", "text": "The college traces its origins to a vocational program and its 1984 charter from Bay Mills Indian Community. Its own institutional account places education alongside regional community development. The pictured college is a particular community institution; it does not represent all Bay Mills people or establish current course availability.", "sourceIds": [ "c3-bm-college" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c3-bm-history", "title": "History Department", "publisher": "Bay Mills Indian Community", "url": "https://www.baymills.org/history-dept", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community history", "Archives", "Education" ], "annotation": "The Community describes how its public history collection developed and how the department preserves documents, photographs and knowledge. The linked book itself was not read; exceptional first-woman-president claims and burial details are not adopted.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual selected body lines 15–24, 34–50, 65–86 read: committee/book, preservation mission, photo/document projects, public services and 1936–37 organization. Burial-specific entries, linked newspaper, images, staffing, prices and opening hours excluded.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "c3-bm-college", "title": "About BMCC", "publisher": "Bay Mills Community College", "url": "https://bmcc.edu/about-us/index.html", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Tribal education", "Community institutions", "History" ], "annotation": "The tribally controlled college explains its own origins and relationship to the exact Bay Mills government. Institutional mission and history are useful; enrollment, accreditation currency, admissions and measured outcomes are not independently verified.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual main About body lines 93–101 read, including location, vocational-program origins, 1984 charter, institutional control, education mission and land-grant role. Accreditation subsections, linked charter, policies and other resources not independently investigated.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "c3-bm-organization", "title": "Tribal Organization — Who We Are", "publisher": "Bay Mills Indian Community", "url": "https://www.baymills.org/tribal-organization", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Government orientation" ], "annotation": "A short supporting orientation to the Community's published governmental structure. Retained outside the selected substantive reading path; it is not a current-law audit.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual opening organization body lines 7–13 read, distinguishing General Council and delegated Executive Council. Population totals, legal jurisdiction summaries and current personnel are not used.", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/egle/about/tribal-relations", "publisher": "Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy", "scope": "Actual Michigan is home to12federally recognized Tribes list, lines447–470; only names, Michigan location and government kind used. Other page content and linked tribal destinations not reviewed for this pass.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/som/government/branches-of-government/tribal-government", "publisher": "State of Michigan", "scope": "Actual Tribal Governments in Michigan entries, lines147–234; used for exact name variants and only the specifically stated relationships noted in each candidate. No current figures, legal or historical chronology adopted.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "chippewa" ], "researchGaps": [ "Read the community history book and underlying records to deepen chronology and a wider range of voices.", "Assess current educational access and outcomes with suitable evidence rather than relying on institutional mission statements.", "Review current government instruments before describing legal rules; related regional governments remain distinct." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A small actual-content collection supports a useful introduction to this named government, with explicit historical, access and interpretation limits. It is not comprehensive research or community endorsement.", "remainingLimits": [ "Read the community history book and underlying records to deepen chronology and a wider range of voices.", "Assess current educational access and outcomes with suitable evidence rather than relying on institutional mission statements.", "Review current government instruments before describing legal rules; related regional governments remain distinct." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "c3-bm-history", "c3-bm-college", "c3-bm-organization" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-03", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c3-bm-history", "reason": "The Community describes how its public history collection developed and how the department preserves documents, photographs and knowledge. The linked book itself was not read; exceptional first-woman-president claims and burial details are not adopted." }, { "sourceId": "c3-bm-college", "reason": "The tribally controlled college explains its own origins and relationship to the exact Bay Mills government. Institutional mission and history are useful; enrollment, accreditation currency, admissions and measured outcomes are not independently verified." } ], "scopeNote": "Named government route; broader people-level names and related governments remain distinct. Source dates, inspection scope and remaining gaps are retained.", "reviewBasis": "Actual selected source bodies read in this review. Prior identification evidence remains separate and does not count as substantive reading.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Read the community history book and underlying records to deepen chronology and a wider range of voices.", "Assess current educational access and outcomes with suitable evidence rather than relying on institutional mission statements.", "Review current government instruments before describing legal rules; related regional governments remain distinct." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "imageRecordId": "bay-mills-college-rossograph-2019-preview" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "This reviewed starting guide records selected actual-content sources, their perspectives and access limits. Reused earlier reviews retain their original dates/scopes; images and repeated URLs do not create new historical works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "bay-mills-indian-community", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MI", "name": "Michigan", "key": "us-mi" } ] }, { "name": "Bear River Band of the Rohnerville Rancheria, California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Bear River Band of the Rohnerville Rancheria, California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "bear-river-band-of-the-rohnerville-rancheria-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Beausoleil First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — listing address only", "overview": "Beausoleil First Nation’s tourism account places its community at Chimnissing, or Christian Island, and describes interconnected Anishinaabeg families. A Parks Canada management plan provides a different perspective on Beausoleil Island’s historical relationship with the Nation and present public-history work.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. This is an organizational relationship; membership alone does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, citizenship, jurisdiction or representation of another named community.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Chimnissing and interconnected families", "text": "Beausoleil’s public tourism history identifies Christian Island as Chimnissing and describes families with several Anishinaabeg backgrounds linked by kinship and marriage. It places this community within a longer history of movement and displacement. This is a useful community perspective; broader labels within it should not erase individual families, neighboring First Nations or distinct governments.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-beausoleil-history" ] }, { "title": "Two islands with different histories", "text": "Parks Canada’s 2022 management plan distinguishes Beausoleil Island from Christian Island. It describes Beausoleil First Nation members’ move from the former to the latter and explains Beausoleil Island’s continuing importance as a cultural landscape and place of memory. Its selected sections also discuss Indigenous participation in heritage management. This is agency interpretation and planning, not proof of every proposed outcome or a surveyed statement of present jurisdiction.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-beausoleil-parks" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p6-beausoleil-history", "title": "Our History", "publisher": "Beausoleil First Nation Parks and Tourism", "url": "https://www.bfntourism.ca/our-history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community history", "Identity", "Public interpretation" ], "annotation": "Complete public history body read. The Nation’s economic-development page links this Parks and Tourism service. A community account of ancestry, Christian Island and family relationships; not a complete migration chronology or legal determination.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Complete public OurHistory body, web lines17–57. Government EconomicDevelopment page lines44–49 links BFNTourism as its Parks&Tourism service. Perspective: Community tourism interpretation.", "accessNotes": "Actual substantial indexed public body read without an account or challenge. No independent comprehensive migration chronology/current legal judgment.", "inspectionLimits": "No independent comprehensive migration chronology/current legal judgment." }, { "id": "p6-beausoleil-parks", "title": "Georgian Bay Islands National Park and Beausoleil Island National Historic Site Management Plan, 2022", "publisher": "Parks Canada", "url": "https://parks.canada.ca/pn-np/on/georg/info/gestion-management/plan-2022", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Public history", "Homelands", "Heritage management" ], "annotation": "Selected substantive sections read: Beausoleil Island National Historic Site, planning context and Indigenous relations. Covers historical displacement, the move to Christian Island and cultural-advisory work. Other plan sections and underlying archaeology were not fully inspected; future objectives are not completed outcomes.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "author": "Parks Canada", "publicationDate": "2022", "contentReviewScope": "ManagementPlan2022 selected substantive sections BeausoleilIslandNationalHistoricSite, PlanningContext and IndigenousRelations, web lines181–235. Perspective: ParksCanada agency interpretation/planning.", "accessNotes": "Actual substantial indexed public body read without an account or challenge. Not entire750-lineplan, underlyingarchaeology or accomplishedfutureoutcomes.", "inspectionLimits": "Not entire750-lineplan, underlyingarchaeology or accomplishedfutureoutcomes." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page 18 (zero-based 17), Southeast member-listing block: exact name and explicit ON address locality only. Parenthetical alternate name retained only where printed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "access": "Public PDF selectable text actually inspected; no account or subscription needed for this inspection", "selectedPages": [ 18 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 17 ], "selectedLines": "1885-1887", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections.", "Develop a fuller community-directed chronology and family history beyond the selected public interpretation.", "Read later community assessments of heritage partnerships and distinguish agency plans from completed work.", "Review naming, treaty and land records individually; similarly named islands do not identify a single government or uniform history." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A small, purposefully selected actual-content starting path and specifically scoped credited image are now available. 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Read each annotation for the specific community, period and inspection limits; this is not a complete history or community endorsement.", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p6-beausoleil-history", "reason": "Begin with this account’s identified community perspective and stated scope." }, { "sourceId": "p6-beausoleil-parks", "reason": "Follow a different aspect of community life, keeping its date and evidence limits in view." } ], "imageRecordId": "beausoleil-christian-island-aerial-2013" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Cohort06: selected actual-content sources and specifically scoped credited imagery form a bounded starting guide. Reused publications/photos are not new global works. 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This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 814; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. 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No linked histories, affiliation claims, images, interactive map operation or government-power analysis reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [ "Scia'new" ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "beecher-bay-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 29, "name": "Beothuk", "region": "Newfoundland", "kind": "Historical people / name", "overview": "Beothuk histories belong to Newfoundland’s coasts, islands, rivers, and interior. Archaeology, the testimony and drawings of named Beothuk women, and Mi’kmaw perspectives reveal skilled communities responding to colonial pressures. Their histories also require separating the destruction of communities from claims about ancestry, language, and the authority to tell their story.", "sections": [ { "title": "Names, homelands, and the archaeological record", "text": "The name Beothuk appears in vocabularies recorded from Demasduit and Shanawdithit, although European writers used several spellings. Archaeologists commonly connect historically documented Beothuk with the island’s earlier Little Passage complex. These are analytical labels: they do not make every ancient Newfoundland site Beothuk. Donald Holly shows how older scholars mixed materials from different periods and peoples, then used the resulting collections to portray Beothuk as an isolated survival from a remote past. A more careful history distinguishes particular sites, dates, and communities while recognizing connections across the surrounding region.", "sourceIds": [ "p29-language", "p29-housepits", "p29-historiography" ] }, { "title": "Seasonal places and food knowledge", "text": "Beothuk communities combined coastal and inland resources, with movements shaped by local opportunities rather than one island-wide timetable. Seals, salmon, seabirds, shellfish, caribou, and plant foods contributed to their livelihoods. At Boyd’s Cove in Notre Dame Bay, shell deposits helped preserve animal bones that Newfoundland’s acidic soils often destroy. These remains document a varied diet alongside house pits and other occupation evidence. Coastal and river access therefore mattered together: describing Beothuk simply as interior caribou hunters would mistake a later situation of displacement for the full range of their land use.", "sourceIds": [ "p29-land-use", "p29-boyds-cove" ] }, { "title": "Making, travel, and adaptation", "text": "Birchbark canoes supported travel on inland waterways and at sea. Surviving models, drawings, and written descriptions preserve evidence about their distinctive construction, although no full-sized Beothuk canoe survives. At Boyd’s Cove, nails and other European metal were reshaped into projectile points, scrapers, awls, and ornaments. Acquiring material from fishing stations could provide useful iron without sustained participation in a European fur trade. Laurie McLean’s comparison of house pits further argues that settlement and architecture changed differently across places and periods. These findings show selective innovation and changing decisions, not an unchanging culture.", "sourceIds": [ "p29-transportation", "p29-boyds-cove", "p29-housepits" ] }, { "title": "Contact, dispossession, and responsibility", "text": "Colonial violence, competition for shorelines and food, and disease transformed Beothuk lives. Yet early contact should not be reconstructed by projecting later violence backward without evidence. William Gilbert’s reassessment finds that fragmentary sixteenth-century documents do not support a simple history of permanent hostility from first contact. Qalipu First Nation’s community plan also challenges the mercenary myth that blamed Mi’kmaq for Beothuk destruction and portrayed Mi’kmaq as outsiders brought to Newfoundland by the French. This matters because historical storytelling has affected living Indigenous peoples’ identities and claims to their homeland.", "sourceIds": [ "p29-contact", "p29-qalipu-plan", "p29-housepits", "p29-shanawdithit" ] }, { "title": "Beothuk women as historical authorities", "text": "Oubee, Demasduit, and Shanawdithit supplied much of the surviving recorded vocabulary, under circumstances shaped by capture and coercion. Shanawdithit’s drawings document homes, foods, family relationships, travel, killings, and encounters with settlers. Her work offers a Beothuk account within an archive largely assembled and annotated by outsiders. Sarah Roberts’s 2024 study follows her capture in 1823, years in the Peyton household, transfer to St. John’s, and death in 1829. The Rooms reported revising the colonial descriptions attached to her drawings in 2023–24, showing that even catalogue labels carry interpretations requiring scrutiny.", "sourceIds": [ "p29-language", "p29-shanawdithit", "p29-rooms-labels" ] }, { "title": "Language and the limits of documentation", "text": "The principal written word lists came from Oubee, Demasduit, and Shanawdithit through different recorders. Linguist John Hewson brought these materials together into a master list of 325 glosses, with numerals and month names. Their survival is significant, but the evidence is limited and filtered through inconsistent transcription. Scholars have disagreed about whether, and how closely, Beothuk belongs with Algonquian languages. The language guide summarizes both Hewson’s argument for a relationship and Ives Goddard’s skepticism. It is therefore preferable to present the affiliation as debated rather than confidently equating Beothuk with Innu-aimun or Mi’kmawi’simk.", "sourceIds": [ "p29-language" ] }, { "title": "Survival narratives, ancestry, and DNA", "text": "Shanawdithit is often called the last Beothuk, but Mi’kmaw oral histories challenge the conclusion that nobody survived beyond her death. Historical community destruction, genealogical descent, genetic relationships, and present political identity are different questions. Duggan and colleagues’ 2017 ancient-DNA study distinguishes sampled Maritime Archaic and Beothuk maternal populations. Carr’s 2020 comparison finds some ancient maternal lineages identical or close to modern ones, while emphasizing sampling limits and warning against simplistic genetic identity assignments. Mitochondrial DNA follows one maternal line; it cannot by itself confirm or exclude all Beothuk ancestry, establish an unbroken genealogy, or decide community membership.", "sourceIds": [ "p29-shanawdithit", "p29-dna-discontinuity", "p29-dna-persistence" ] }, { "title": "Repatriation and continuing responsibilities", "text": "In March 2020, the remains of Demasduit and Nonosabasut returned from Scotland to Newfoundland and Labrador after advocacy led by Miawpukek Saqamaw Mi’sel Joe and cooperation among Indigenous leaders, museums, and governments. The provincial announcement records Indigenous leaders’ own statements about ancestors, responsibility, and the harm of colonial collecting. The Rooms’ 2024–25 report documents the Final Resting Place Circle’s continuing deliberations and a request for support to return associated spiritual belongings held in Britain. Those are dated reports of work in progress, not evidence that every repatriation or burial question has since been settled.", "sourceIds": [ "p29-repatriation", "p29-rooms-resting-place" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p29-qalipu-plan", "title": "Comprehensive Community Plan — Early History of Mi’kmaq in Ktaqmkuk", "publisher": "Qalipu First Nation", "url": "https://qalipu.ca/qalipu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Comprehensive-Community-Plan.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "History", "Identity", "Homelands" ], "publicationDate": "2021", "annotation": "Read the historical discussion around printed pages 17–18. This community-owned plan traces the unsupported mercenary story through colonial writers and explains its continuing consequences for Newfoundland Mi’kmaq. It supplies a living First Nation’s perspective, not a claim to speak for all Beothuk descendants.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p29-shanawdithit", "title": "Shanawdithit — Provincial Historic Commemorations research paper", "author": "Sarah Roberts", "publisher": "Heritage NL", "url": "https://heritagenl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Shanawdithit.pdf", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "History", "Culture", "Identity" ], "publicationDate": "2024-03-08", "annotation": "Five-page study with reproduced drawings and source references. Pages 1–4 describe Shanawdithit’s knowledge, family, capture, testimony, death, and commemoration; the opening explicitly acknowledges Mi’kmaw challenges to the last-Beothuk narrative. Historical descriptions are retained with a language advisory.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p29-language", "title": "Beothuk Language", "author": "Ingeborg Marshall", "publisher": "Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage Website, Memorial University", "url": "https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/indigenous/beothuk-language.php", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Language", "History", "Identity" ], "publicationDate": "1999; revised 2012", "annotation": "Explains the three surviving vocabularies, their archival transmission, and disagreement about Algonquian affiliation. Identifies recorders and circumstances of collection; its classification should not be treated as settled consensus.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p29-land-use", "title": "Precontact Beothuk Land Use", "publisher": "Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage Website, Memorial University", "url": "https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/indigenous/beothuk-land-use.php", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Homelands", "Culture", "History" ], "publicationDate": "2009", "annotation": "Detailed account of coastal and inland food resources, preservation, seasonal movement, and local variation. Sections on evidence explicitly distinguish archaeological findings from possibilities. The page now flags its 2009 scholarship as requiring updating; this profile uses it for documented resource relationships rather than speculative population totals.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p29-boyds-cove", "title": "The Boyd’s Cove Beothuk Site", "author": "Ralph T. Pastore", "publisher": "Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage Website, Memorial University", "url": "https://www.heritage.nl.ca/articles/indigenous/beothuk-boyds-cove.php", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "History", "Homelands", "Culture" ], "publicationDate": "1998–1999", "annotation": "The excavator explains site discovery, preservation of food remains, house pits, and iron refashioning; see Beothuk Diet and Reasons for Avoiding the Fur Trade. Its broader conclusions about extinction and other peoples reflect an older interpretive framework, explicitly flagged by the website, and require comparison with newer Indigenous perspectives.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p29-transportation", "title": "Transportation", "author": "Ingeborg Marshall", "publisher": "Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage Website / Beothuk Institute", "url": "https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/indigenous/beothuk-transportation.php", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Culture", "Homelands", "History" ], "publicationDate": "1998; revised 2012", "annotation": "Specialist account of canoe forms, bark construction, surviving models, snowshoes, and winter transport, based on Marshall’s historical research. It distinguishes observed objects and descriptions from reconstruction and inference. No surviving full-sized canoe is available to resolve every construction detail.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p29-housepits", "title": "Beothuk Housepits: Barometers of Historic Transition", "author": "Laurie McLean", "publisher": "Beothuk Institute", "url": "https://beothukinstitute.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/2020-Beothuk-Housepits-020HPpap.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "History", "Homelands", "Culture" ], "publicationDate": "2020", "annotation": "Archaeological synthesis comparing 22 coastal and 64 Exploits Valley house pits; see pp. 1–9 and 42–44. Differences in architecture and artifacts support varied responses to colonial pressures. Interpretations of household organization and motives remain archaeological arguments, not direct testimony from every community.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p29-contact", "title": "Beothuk-European Contact in the 16th Century: A Re-evaluation of the Documentary Evidence", "author": "William Gilbert", "publisher": "Acadiensis 40(1), University of New Brunswick", "url": "https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/Acadiensis/article/download/18560/20142?inline=1", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "History", "Identity" ], "publicationDate": "2011", "annotation": "Peer-reviewed reassessment, pp. 24–44, of early captives, voyages, geographical names, and possible trade. Paragraphs 40–44 distinguish what fragmentary documents establish from assumptions repeated by later writers. Its challenge to perpetual early hostility does not deny well-documented later colonial violence.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p29-historiography", "title": "A Historiography of an Ahistoricity: On the Beothuk Indians", "author": "Donald H. Holly Jr.", "publisher": "History and Anthropology 14(2), pp. 127–140", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242268167_A_historiography_of_an_ahistoricity_on_the_beothuk_indians", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "History", "Identity", "Culture" ], "publicationDate": "2003", "annotation": "Author-uploaded full text of the peer-reviewed article, DOI 10.1080/0275720032000107383. Pages 129–136 examine mixed artifact collections and assumptions about isolation, language, and inevitable disappearance. Valuable for reading older scholarship critically; its own discussion predates subsequent ancient-DNA work and current Indigenous-led debates.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p29-dna-discontinuity", "title": "Genetic Discontinuity between the Maritime Archaic and Beothuk Populations in Newfoundland, Canada", "author": "Ana T. Duggan and colleagues", "publisher": "Current Biology 27(20), pp. 3149–3156.e11", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320393693_Genetic_Discontinuity_between_the_Maritime_Archaic_and_Beothuk_Populations_in_Newfoundland_Canada", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "History", "Identity", "Research ethics" ], "publicationDate": "2017-10-23", "annotation": "Full open-access research article, DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2017.08.053. Results and Figure 3 analyze ancient maternal genomes alongside archaeological and isotope evidence. The study concerns sampled maternal populations and explicitly allows possible ancestry in living people; it is not a test of present community identity or every line of descent.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p29-dna-persistence", "title": "Evidence for the persistence of ancient Beothuk and Maritime Archaic mitochondrial DNA genome lineages among modern Native American peoples", "author": "Steven M. Carr", "publisher": "Genome 63, pp. 349–355; author copy at Memorial University", "url": "https://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/Carr_2020_Evidence_for_the_persistence_of_ancient_DNA,_Genome,_63,349-355.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Research ethics" ], "publicationDate": "2020", "annotation": "Read Discussion and Assignment of individuals, pp. 352–354. Compares ancient maternal lineages with modern database sequences, explains limited sampling and the Santu Toney inheritance example, and cautions against simplistic commercial ancestry claims. Miawpukek cooperation and approval are acknowledged. The afterword supersedes an earlier withdrawn manuscript.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p29-repatriation", "title": "Nonosabasut and Demasduit Returned to Newfoundland and Labrador", "publisher": "Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, with statements by Indigenous leaders", "url": "https://www.gov.nl.ca/releases/2020/exec/0311n10/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Repatriation", "Contemporary life", "History" ], "publicationDate": "2020-03-11", "annotation": "Primary announcement of the transfer into The Rooms’ care, with attributed statements from Mi’sel Joe and other Indigenous leaders. Its backgrounder uses a categorical extinction account and describes the administrative recognition position in 2020; those passages should not settle contested historical or contemporary identity questions.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p29-rooms-labels", "title": "The Rooms Annual Report 2023–2024 — revising Beothuk collection descriptions", "publisher": "The Rooms Corporation, Newfoundland and Labrador", "url": "https://therooms.ca/sites/default/files/2025-07/theroomsannualreport2023-24_final_1.pdf", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Culture", "Contemporary life", "Research ethics" ], "publicationDate": "2023–2024 reporting year", "annotation": "Printed pp. 76–77 (PDF pages 38–39) document the Final Resting Place Circle’s initial meeting and revision of colonial labels for Shanawdithit’s drawings and Demasduit portraits. This institutional self-report explains present cataloguing responsibilities and the influence of Cormack and Howley’s assumptions on collections.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p29-rooms-resting-place", "title": "The Rooms Annual Report 2024–2025 — Final Resting Place Circle", "publisher": "The Rooms Corporation, Newfoundland and Labrador", "url": "https://therooms.ca/sites/default/files/2025-11/TheRoomsAnnualReport2024-2025.pdf", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Repatriation", "Contemporary life", "Research ethics" ], "publicationDate": "2024–2025 reporting year", "annotation": "Printed p. 66 (PDF page 69) describes the Circle’s June 2024 visits, deliberations about a resting place, and request for support to repatriate spiritual belongings held in Britain. This is a dated progress account; it does not establish a final burial decision or the outcome of later requests.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 141, 214 ], "relationshipNote": "Beothuk, Innu, and Mi’kmaq remain distinct directory entries. Regional connections, oral histories, and shared or related maternal lineages do not make these names interchangeable. This profile does not adjudicate living people’s membership or ancestry claims.", "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "researchGaps": [ "Add fuller Indigenous-authored oral-history material and inspect Chief Mi’sel Joe’s published interview and Santu Toney scholarship directly; neither is counted merely because other works cite it.", "Obtain a specialist linguistic assessment of recent classification arguments and inspect original word-list manuscripts alongside their later transcriptions.", "Verify developments after the 2024–25 museum reporting year concerning final resting places and spiritual belongings; do not infer completion from earlier announcements.", "Extend site-specific archaeological coverage beyond northeast Newfoundland and keep competing interpretations of continuity, social organization, and colonial violence explicitly attributed." ], "added": false, "slug": "beothuk", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-NL", "name": "Newfoundland and Labrador", "key": "ca-nl" } ] }, { "name": "Berry Creek Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Berry Creek Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "berry-creek-rancheria-of-maidu-indians-of-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Big Lagoon Rancheria, California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Big Lagoon Rancheria, California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "big-lagoon-rancheria-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Big Sandy Rancheria of Western Mono Indians of California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Big Sandy Rancheria of Western Mono Indians of California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "big-sandy-rancheria-of-western-mono-indians-of-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians of the Big Valley Rancheria, California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians of the Big Valley Rancheria, California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "big-valley-band-of-pomo-indians-of-the-big-valley-rancheria-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Biigtigong Nishnaabeg", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — listing address only", "overview": "Biigtigong Nishnaabeg is an Ojibway community at the mouth of the Pic River on Lake Superior. Its own public accounts connect waterways, fishing, community education and responsibilities to future generations. These sources provide a starting point without settling territorial or legal claims.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. This is an organizational relationship; membership alone does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, citizenship, jurisdiction or representation of another named community.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Fishing and community education", "text": "Biigtigong’s2016 Fisheries Act submission describes fishing as a source of food, knowledge and connection. In its selected education discussion, the Nation says it began changing school curriculum in2014 to include land-based activities and held a community fish camp in2016 at the mouth of the Pic River. The account explains why learning across generations matters to the community. It is a dated primary submission, not evidence that every later education goal was completed.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-biigtigong-fisheries" ] }, { "title": "Waterways and stewardship", "text": "The2026 ICCA Registry case study presents the custodians’ account of relationships with six waterways, including the Pic River. It describes efforts to involve the community in stewardship, reconnect younger generations with waterways and develop locally directed monitoring. The registry explicitly calls the initiative self-declared and not yet peer-reviewed. Readers should distinguish those community goals and interpretations from independently established legal recognition, surveyed boundaries or verified environmental outcomes.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-biigtigong-waterways" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p6-biigtigong-fisheries", "title": "Fisheries Act Review", "publisher": "Biigtigong Nishnaabeg; hosted by the House of Commons", "url": "https://www.ourcommons.ca/Content/Committee/421/FOPO/Brief/BR8708262/br-external/BiigtigongNishnaabeg-e.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Food systems", "Education", "Primary documents" ], "annotation": "Inspected the dated cover and printed pp.2–3 (PDF pp.3–4), rendered because the PDF has no selectable text. The Nation’s November30,2016 submission links fishing, food and land-based education, including a2016 community fish camp. Its later legislative recommendations, underlying studies and photographs were not separately reviewed or reproduced; this is a dated community submission, not current law.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Inspected the dated cover and printed pp.2–3 (PDF pp.3–4), rendered because the PDF has no selectable text. The Nation’s November30,2016 submission links fishing, food and land-based education, including a2016 community fish camp. Its later legislative recommendations, underlying studies and photographs were not separately reviewed or reproduced; this is a dated community submission, not current law.", "accessNotes": "Public11-page PDF downloaded normally200. No selectabletext; datedcover and selectedprintedpp2–3/PDFpp3–4 renderedwithPoppler and visuallyread. No fullPDF/image-reuse claim.", "publicationDate": "2016-11-30" }, { "id": "p6-biigtigong-waterways", "title": "Biigtigong Nishnaabeg Waterways", "publisher": "Biigtigong Nishnaabeg custodians / UNEP-WCMC ICCA Registry", "url": "https://www.iccaregistry.org/en/explore/canada/biigtigong-nishnaabeg-waterways", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Stewardship", "Community voices", "Waterways" ], "annotation": "Read the complete case study, including its final status disclaimer. Custodian-provided account of relationships with six waterways, intergenerational learning and planned community monitoring. Published August2026; the registry labels the ICCA self-declared and not yet peer-reviewed. Legal/title claims, current water-safety claims, population figures and recognition outcomes are not adopted as independently established facts.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete case study, including its final status disclaimer. Custodian-provided account of relationships with six waterways, intergenerational learning and planned community monitoring. Published August2026; the registry labels the ICCA self-declared and not yet peer-reviewed. Legal/title claims, current water-safety claims, population figures and recognition outcomes are not adopted as independently established facts.", "accessNotes": "Substantial actual public article body read through the web reader; this is not an inspection of linked publications, photographs or underlying records. No login or reader paywall was encountered for the inspected text.", "publicationDate": "2026-08" } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page 18 (zero-based 17), Northern Superior member-listing block: exact name and explicit ON address locality only. Parenthetical alternate name retained only where printed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "access": "Public PDF selectable text actually inspected; no account or subscription needed for this inspection", "selectedPages": [ 18 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 17 ], "selectedLines": "1809-1813", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [ "Ojibways of Pic River" ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections.", "Seek additional community-authorized histories, language resources and public evaluations of education programs.", "Inspect later monitoring results and recognition records separately; do not turn plans or assertions into outcomes." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A small, purposefully selected actual-content starting path and specifically scoped credited image are now available. Fuller history, source comparison and community review remain open; quantity does not establish completion.", "remainingLimits": [ "Seek additional community-authorized histories, language resources and public evaluations of education programs.", "Inspect later monitoring results and recognition records separately; do not turn plans or assertions into outcomes." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p6-biigtigong-fisheries", "p6-biigtigong-waterways" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; fuller history remains open", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-06", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "scopeNote": "A short starting path through selected actual-content works. Read each annotation for the specific community, period and inspection limits; this is not a complete history or community endorsement.", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p6-biigtigong-fisheries", "reason": "Start with the Nation’s own selected2016 discussion of fishing, food and land-based education." }, { "sourceId": "p6-biigtigong-waterways", "reason": "Follow a custodian-provided waterways account, keeping its self-declared and unverified status explicit." } ], "imageRecordId": "c6-biigtigong-pic-river" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Cohort06: selected actual-content sources and specifically scoped credited imagery form a bounded starting guide. Reused publications/photos are not new global works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "biigtigong-nishnaabeg", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "name": "Biinjitiwaabik Zaaging Anishinaabek", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — listing address only", "overview": "Biinjitiwaabik Zaaging Anishinaabek, also found in sources as Rocky Bay, is an Ojibway community connected with southeastern Lake Nipigon. These starting works focus on community participation in food research and a later Lake Nipigon Guardians program.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. This is an organizational relationship; membership alone does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, citizenship, jurisdiction or representation of another named community.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Community participation in food research", "text": "A2016 Nokiiwin Tribal Council and CanNorth study includes Biinjitiwaabik Zaaging Anishinaabek among four participating First Nations. Its selected methods pages explain how community questions and local knowledge shaped interviews and sampling choices. The BZA discussion connects fishing, hunting and gathering with Lake Nipigon and surrounding waters. This dated research-design account does not supply current food-safety advice, and its results or underlying private interviews have not been reviewed here.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-bza-countryfoods" ] }, { "title": "Guardians and the next generation", "text": "In a2023 Anishinabek News report, BZA Guardian Brendon Hardy connects monitoring Lake Nipigon with memories of fishing alongside his grandfather and hopes for his own children. Researcher Tim Hollinger describes community concerns helping to shape questions about fish, water and sediment. These are named participants’ explanations of a particular program. The report does not independently establish current contaminant levels, safe fish consumption or the completion of every proposed outcome.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-bza-guardians" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p6-bza-countryfoods", "title": "Nokiiwin Tribal Council: Country Foods Study", "publisher": "Nokiiwin Tribal Council / Canada North Environmental Services (CanNorth)", "url": "https://www.nokiiwin.com/upload/documents/1807-ntc-country-foods-study-revised-fin.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Food systems", "Research methods", "Community participation" ], "annotation": "Selected printed pp.1,3,9–10 (PDF pp.10,12,18–19) actually read, plus title/contents for context. June2016 community-based study includes BZA and describes interviews, local sampling choices and community participation. No full report, contaminant results, food-safety guidance, maps or private underlying interviews claimed. Its dated treaty/administrative assertions and old totals are not adopted as current determinations.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Selected printed pp.1,3,9–10 (PDF pp.10,12,18–19) actually read, plus title/contents for context. June2016 community-based study includes BZA and describes interviews, local sampling choices and community participation. No full report, contaminant results, food-safety guidance, maps or private underlying interviews claimed. Its dated treaty/administrative assertions and old totals are not adopted as current determinations.", "accessNotes": "WebPDFreader exceeded its21MBsize limit. Ordinary publicPDFdownload200; selectedprintedpp1,3,9–10/PDFpp10,12,18–19 actually read withpypdf. Maps, appendices, analyticalresults and underlyingprivateinterviews excluded.", "publicationDate": "2016-06" }, { "id": "p6-bza-guardians", "title": "Biinjitiwaabik Zaaging Anishinaabek Lake Nipigon Guardians Program featured at the Northern Ontario First Nations Environment Conference", "publisher": "Anishinabek News", "url": "https://anishinabeknews.ca/2023/10/biinjitiwaabik-zaaging-anishinaabek-lake-nipigon-guardians-program-featured-at-the-northern-ontario-first-nations-environment-conference/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Stewardship", "Waterways", "Community voices" ], "annotation": "Read the complete main article, selecting the BZA-specific presentation and interviews with Brendon Hardy and Lakehead researcher Tim Hollinger. Describes community questions guiding fish, water and sediment monitoring and Hardy’s memories of family fishing. Other conference speakers are outside this profile. Dated reporting, not the underlying datasets, current fish-consumption advice or proof of completed environmental outcomes.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete main article, selecting the BZA-specific presentation and interviews with Brendon Hardy and Lakehead researcher Tim Hollinger. Describes community questions guiding fish, water and sediment monitoring and Hardy’s memories of family fishing. Other conference speakers are outside this profile. Dated reporting, not the underlying datasets, current fish-consumption advice or proof of completed environmental outcomes.", "accessNotes": "Substantial actual public article body read through the web reader; this is not an inspection of linked publications, photographs or underlying records. No login or reader paywall was encountered for the inspected text.", "publicationDate": "2023-10-05", "author": "Rick Garrick" } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page 18 (zero-based 17), Northern Superior member-listing block: exact name and explicit ON address locality only. Parenthetical alternate name retained only where printed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "access": "Public PDF selectable text actually inspected; no account or subscription needed for this inspection", "selectedPages": [ 18 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 17 ], "selectedLines": "1820-1823", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [ "Rocky Bay First Nation" ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections.", "Develop a fuller community-authorized historical and language reading path.", "Inspect published monitoring results separately and retain dates; this guide gives no current food-consumption advice.", "Review original records for treaty and administrative histories rather than adopting older report summaries as current legal determinations." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A small, purposefully selected actual-content starting path and specifically scoped credited image are now available. Fuller history, source comparison and community review remain open; quantity does not establish completion.", "remainingLimits": [ "Develop a fuller community-authorized historical and language reading path.", "Inspect published monitoring results separately and retain dates; this guide gives no current food-consumption advice.", "Review original records for treaty and administrative histories rather than adopting older report summaries as current legal determinations." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p6-bza-countryfoods", "p6-bza-guardians" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; fuller history remains open", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-06", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "scopeNote": "A short starting path through selected actual-content works. Read each annotation for the specific community, period and inspection limits; this is not a complete history or community endorsement.", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p6-bza-countryfoods", "reason": "Start with a dated community-based research design and BZA’s Lake Nipigon food relationships." }, { "sourceId": "p6-bza-guardians", "reason": "Then read named participants explaining community-led monitoring and intergenerational fishing knowledge." } ], "imageRecordId": "c6-bza-lake-nipigon" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Cohort06: selected actual-content sources and specifically scoped credited imagery form a bounded starting guide. Reused publications/photos are not new global works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "biinjitiwaabik-zaaging-anishinaabek", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "originalId": 30, "name": "Biloxi", "region": "Gulf Coast / Louisiana", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Biloxi histories connect the Mississippi Gulf Coast with communities in Louisiana, Texas, and beyond. Biloxi is a Siouan language, distinct from Tunica. Biloxi descendants participate in the contemporary Tunica-Biloxi Tribe of Louisiana, whose shared government and cultural work preserve several ancestral identities rather than a single interchangeable tribal past.", "sections": [ { "title": "Names, identity, and a shared nation", "text": "A public family heritage website established in 2003 by Donna Pierite, Elisabeth-Michele Pierite, and relatives records the self-designation Taneks Hanyadi and several European spellings of Biloxi. Variant names are useful when searching archives, but those records must be interpreted in context. The Tunica-Biloxi Tribe describes its citizens as carrying Tunica, Biloxi, Ofo, Avoyel, and Choctaw heritages, with people identifying as Tunica, Biloxi, or Biloxi-Choctaw. These continuing identifications sit within a shared political community. They should not be flattened into a claim that Tunica and Biloxi originally spoke the same language or had identical histories.", "sourceIds": [ "p30-family", "p30-history" ] }, { "title": "The Gulf Coast and movements into Louisiana", "text": "The tribe’s historical account places Biloxi people in the Pascagoula River region when French expeditions encountered them in 1699. Earlier routes are less securely documented. Linguist David Kaufman has proposed southern Appalachian connections using language and place-name evidence, while acknowledging unresolved identifications. His linguistic argument is a hypothesis about an earlier past, not a dated map of an established homeland. The federal acknowledgment dossier likewise cautions that later movements involved several locations and extended periods. It discusses Biloxi communities near the Mississippi, Coulee des Grues, and Bayou Boeuf, rather than describing everyone as making one simultaneous migration west.", "sourceIds": [ "p30-history", "p30-contact", "p30-acknowledgment" ] }, { "title": "Texas: alliance, expulsion, and diplomacy", "text": "Megan Biesele’s historical overview traces Biloxi families along the Neches River in East Texas by 1828. It situates their subsequent movements within European settlement pressures and the Republic of Texas’s campaigns against Cherokee and allied communities in 1839. The same account follows other Biloxi groups through later Texas settlements and relationships with neighboring peoples. The 1843 Bird’s Fort treaty provides a complementary primary record: its proclamation names the Biloxi among the participating nations, and its signature page identifies a Biloxi chief as Hoyo Tubby. Together, these sources document negotiation as well as displacement; they do not establish the later affiliation of every Biloxi family.", "sourceIds": [ "p30-texas", "p30-birdsfort" ] }, { "title": "Community connections and federal acknowledgment", "text": "The 1980 acknowledgment dossier distinguishes the Marksville community from a closely connected Biloxi-Choctaw community at Indian Creek in Rapides Parish. It describes kinship and continuing association, while recognizing uncertainty about earlier settlements. The tribe’s own history records Biloxi authorization in October 1924 for Eli Barbry to pursue union with the Tunica. Federal recognition followed in 1981, after generations of community efforts. The dossier is valuable evidence of that administrative process, not an authority that created the people’s existence. Contemporary self-government also includes a tribal court; its own program description discusses civil cases, housing, estates, and interpretation of tribal governing documents.", "sourceIds": [ "p30-acknowledgment", "p30-history", "p30-court" ] }, { "title": "Reading the Biloxi language record critically", "text": "Biloxi belongs to the Southeastern, also called Ohio Valley, branch of Siouan and is closely related to Ofo and Tutelo. Dorsey and Swanton’s 1912 dictionary preserves Biloxi vocabulary, phrases, and thirty-one texts. Swanton’s introduction explains that he reorganized Dorsey’s unfinished materials and changed transcription conventions. The published record therefore contains both speakers’ contributions and editorial decisions. Kaufman’s later reanalysis argues that an incomplete exchange of two vowel symbols during editing makes mechanical conversion into a modern spelling unreliable. His study compares cognates and other records to reassess individual words. These works preserve substantial linguistic knowledge, while leaving uncertainties that readers should retain rather than silently resolve.", "sourceIds": [ "p30-reanalysis", "p30-dictionary" ] }, { "title": "Language relationships and the art of speaking", "text": "Language scholarship also reveals Biloxi participation in a multilingual region. Kaufman’s 2016 comparison examines shared vocabulary and grammatical patterns involving Biloxi, Ofo, and other Lower Mississippi Valley languages. He distinguishes similarities inherited from Siouan ancestry from those potentially arising through contact; the direction of particular borrowings often remains uncertain. A separate study of Biloxi narrative particles considers how speakers expressed differing degrees of certainty about possible events. Such analyses go beyond lists of translated words to questions of storytelling and interpretation. They are scholarly readings of a limited historical corpus, and should not be mistaken for a description of every Biloxi speaker’s practice.", "sourceIds": [ "p30-contact", "p30-realis" ] }, { "title": "Living cultural work, plants, and public institutions", "text": "The Tunica-Biloxi Language and Culture Revitalization Program connects language classes with crafts, stories, songs, and youth activities. Its published language curriculum concerns Tunica. A 2026 article coauthored by tribal members and collaborators makes that distinction explicit while describing a wider community effort to reconnect ethnobotanical knowledge, basketry materials, and land stewardship. Elisabeth Pierite recounts learning basket traditions through family visits and regional gatherings; the authors discuss restoration and access to plant resources alongside an evolving guidebook. These are accounts of adaptation and continuity in the present. The tribe’s Cultural and Educational Resources Center brings an exhibit hall, preservation laboratory, and research library together on the reservation, providing a community-based route for further study.", "sourceIds": [ "p30-lcrp", "p30-ethnobotany", "p30-cerc" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p30-history", "title": "General Profile: The Tunica-Biloxi Indians of Louisiana", "publisher": "Tunica-Biloxi Tribe of Louisiana", "url": "https://www.tunicabiloxi.org/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Governance" ], "annotation": "The tribe’s substantial historical account covers Biloxi Gulf Coast connections, the 1924 union, recognition, and contemporary institutions. Much of the earlier narrative concerns Tunica history. Its proposed identification of a sixteenth-century Biloxi ruler is interpretive rather than settled evidence; no undated population figures are used.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p30-family", "title": "Taneks Hanyadi: What about the Biloxi language?", "publisher": "Pierite family heritage website, preserved by Indigifab", "url": "https://indigifab.org/tunica-web/HTML/biloxi.htm", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "History" ], "annotation": "A short, attributed community-family account established in 2003 records a Biloxi self-designation, archival name variants, and the distinction between Biloxi and Tunica. Its dated language-status statements should not be treated as a current speaker survey.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "authors": [ "Donna M. Pierite", "Elisabèth-Michele Pierite", "Stephanie Escudé", "Steven Madère", "Michael R. Pierite", "Jean-Luc Pierite" ], "publicationDate": "2003-06-01" }, { "id": "p30-dictionary", "title": "A Dictionary of the Biloxi and Ofo Languages, Accompanied with Thirty-one Biloxi Texts and Numerous Biloxi Phrases", "publisher": "Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 47", "url": "https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/15515", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Language", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "The foundational 1912 collection preserves Biloxi texts and vocabulary alongside a distinct Ofo dictionary. Reviewed the contents and Biloxi introduction, pp. 1–4, through the public-domain Wikisource transcription because the institutional PDF could not be fetched. The introduction explains editorial rearrangement and notation; this is not a full review of all texts.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "authors": [ "James Owen Dorsey", "John R. Swanton" ], "publicationDate": "1912" }, { "id": "p30-reanalysis", "title": "A Reanalysis of the Dorsey-Swanton U-Circumflex and U-Brève in Biloxi", "publisher": "Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics, University of Kansas", "url": "https://journals.ku.edu/kwpl/article/download/17166/15441/41581", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Language", "Research methods" ], "annotation": "Kaufman reassesses historical vowel notation using twenty-one words, related Siouan forms, and other transcriptions. Read especially the background, data, and conclusion, PDF pp. 2–9. This is a specific philological argument, not a current account of Biloxi community size or language use.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "authors": [ "David V. Kaufman" ], "publicationDate": "2006" }, { "id": "p30-realis", "title": "Biloxi Realis and Irrealis Particles", "publisher": "Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics 32, pp. 1–7", "url": "https://journals.ku.edu/kwpl/article/download/17443/15718/41858", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Examines two Biloxi narrative particles and how speakers may mark certainty and potential events. The discussion and conclusion distinguish analysis from unresolved questions, including proposed connections with gendered speech. It interprets archival examples rather than reporting new community fieldwork.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "authors": [ "David Kaufman" ], "publicationDate": "2011" }, { "id": "p30-contact", "title": "Two Siouan Languages Walk into a Sprachbund", "publisher": "Language Science Press, in Advances in the Study of Siouan Languages and Linguistics", "url": "https://langsci-press.org/catalog/view/94/121/437-1", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Language", "Homelands", "History" ], "annotation": "A 24-page chapter on Biloxi and Ofo participation in Lower Mississippi Valley language contact. Reviewed the introduction, distinctions between inheritance and contact, lexical comparisons, and conclusion, especially printed pp. 39–42 and 54–59. Proposed earlier Biloxi locations and borrowing directions retain explicit uncertainties.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "authors": [ "David Kaufman" ], "publicationDate": "2016" }, { "id": "p30-acknowledgment", "title": "Recommendation and Summary of Evidence for Proposed Finding for Federal Acknowledgment of the Tunica-Biloxi Indian Tribe of Louisiana", "publisher": "U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs; GovInfo", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-I20-PURL-gpo173801/pdf/GOVPUB-I20-PURL-gpo173801.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "History", "Governance", "Homelands" ], "annotation": "The 1980 proposed-finding dossier includes historical and anthropological reports. Reviewed the recommendation and Biloxi sections, particularly PDF pp. 1–3, 27–28, 33, and 36–37. It distinguishes communities and states evidentiary limits. Its administrative criteria and period terminology reflect a federal recognition process, not community self-definition.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "authors": [ "U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs" ], "publicationDate": "1980" }, { "id": "p30-texas", "title": "Biloxi Indians", "publisher": "Texas State Historical Association, Handbook of Texas", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/biloxi-indians", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "History", "Homelands" ], "annotation": "Biesele’s entry follows Biloxi families, alliances, coercive movements, and diplomacy in nineteenth-century Texas. Published in 1976 and updated in 2020. Its older terminology and conjectures about earlier migration require care; it is a regional historical overview, not a present-day community description.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "authors": [ "Megan Biesele" ], "publicationDate": "2020-06-17" }, { "id": "p30-birdsfort", "title": "Bird’s Fort Treaty Ratification Proclamation, 1843", "publisher": "Texas State Library and Archives Commission", "url": "https://www.tsl.texas.gov/treasures/indians/birds-01.html", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "History", "Governance" ], "annotation": "Digitized proclamation and transcription name the Biloxi among parties to the September 29, 1843 treaty. Reviewed pp. 1–2 and the signature transcription on p. 10, identifying Hoyo Tubby. Read the complete linked document for treaty terms; the Republic’s language and diplomatic frame are historical evidence, not neutral ethnography.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "authors": [ "Republic of Texas and participating Indigenous representatives" ], "publicationDate": "1843" }, { "id": "p30-lcrp", "title": "Language & Culture Revitalization Program", "publisher": "Tunica-Biloxi Tribe of Louisiana", "url": "https://www.tunicabiloxi.org/tribal-info/departments/language-culture-revitalization-program/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Culture", "Contemporary" ], "annotation": "The tribe explains language materials, classes, cultural workshops, youth camps, and its research library. The language teaching described is Tunica; this page does not establish a separate Biloxi language curriculum. Undated class schedules and counts are excluded from the synthesis.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p30-cerc", "title": "Cultural & Educational Resource Center", "publisher": "Tunica-Biloxi Tribe of Louisiana", "url": "https://www.tunicabiloxi.org/cerc/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Culture", "Research methods", "Contemporary" ], "annotation": "The tribe’s own guide locates its public museum and identifies the exhibit hall, preservation laboratory, and library/research center. Useful for pursuing community-based research and understanding preservation infrastructure; the center serves the contemporary tribe and is not exclusively a Biloxi collection.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p30-ethnobotany", "title": "Hɔhka Moluni: Creativity and Continuity in the Linguistic and Cultural Reclamation of Tunica-Biloxi Ethnobotany", "publisher": "Journal of Ethnobiology 46(1), SAGE", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/02780771251411950", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Culture", "Language", "Contemporary", "Homelands" ], "annotation": "Coauthored by tribal members and academic collaborators. Reviewed the project methodology, Elisabeth Pierite’s account, restoration discussion, and footnote 1. It connects basketry and plant relationships with a developing ethnobotany guidebook; the authors explicitly identify its Indigenous-language content as Tunica. The article describes work in progress, not a finished guidebook.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "authors": [ "Ryan P. Lopez", "Rebecca J. Moore", "Laura L. Morgan", "Elisabeth M. Pierite", "Nathan A. Wendte" ], "publicationDate": "2026" }, { "id": "p30-court", "title": "Tunica-Biloxi Tribal Court: Program Description", "publisher": "Tunica-Biloxi Tribe of Louisiana", "url": "https://www.tunicabiloxi.org/tribal-court/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Governance", "Contemporary" ], "annotation": "The tribal court explains its institutional responsibilities and relationship to tribal governing documents. Used for a limited description of contemporary self-government. The undated page is a program overview, not a complete statement of current jurisdiction or legal advice.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 262, 410, 65 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-19", "relationshipNote": "Biloxi and Tunica are distinct peoples and languages. The Tunica-Biloxi Tribe is a contemporary government with multiple ancestral communities; its Tunica language initiatives must not be relabeled Biloxi language programs. Ofo is a linguistic relative of Biloxi, while shared political history does not make these identities synonyms.", "researchGaps": [ "Add more publicly shared Biloxi family oral histories and community-authored accounts beyond the Marksville-centered collection; this profile does not map all descendants or adjudicate other communities’ identities.", "Compare proposed pre-1699 Appalachian connections with additional specialist historical and archaeological scholarship. Similar names alone cannot establish a migration route or a people’s identity.", "Locate and inspect the more recent Biloxi dictionaries and additional original field materials. The 2011 KU dictionary and some journal downloads were inaccessible during this review and are not counted as inspected sources.", "Seek a community-authorized account of present Biloxi language learning priorities. The accessible Tunica-Biloxi language and ethnobotany materials principally document Tunica reclamation.", "Thirteen inspected reading sources provide a substantial starting collection, including sources scoped to the shared Tunica-Biloxi government. This is an expanded introduction, not a completed or community-reviewed history." ], "added": false, "slug": "biloxi", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-LA", "name": "Louisiana", "key": "us-la" } ] }, { "name": "Birch Creek Tribe", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Birch Creek Tribe has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 816; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "birch-creek-tribe", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Black River band (Ojibwe)", "originalId": null, "added": true, "kind": "Historical / constituent band-name route", "directoryEntryType": "historical-constituent-band", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "compiled": "2026-10-26", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "identityReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "overview": "Black River is a historical band-name route connected to the Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe. The 1836 treaty names Swan Creek and Black River bands and lists a tract at the mouth of Black River of the St. Clair River. The 1855 treaty separately identifies the portions remaining in Michigan.", "overviewSourceIds": [ "mg04-treaty-1836-swan-black", "mg04-treaty-1855", "ziibiwing-three-bands" ], "relationshipNote": "Constituent band-name route; see the related government and Ojibwe entries.", "region": "Great Lakes / eastern Michigan historical context", "sections": [ { "title": "A directly named 1836 reading path", "text": "The 1836 text records cessions including land at the mouth of Black River of the St. Clair River. Article 4 promises replacement land west of the Mississippi or northwest of St. Anthony’s Falls. The text alone does not establish completed relocation.", "sourceIds": [ "mg04-treaty-1836-swan-black" ] }, { "title": "Keep the 1855 parties specific", "text": "The later instrument addresses the portions remaining in Michigan alongside Saginaw parties. Read that scope before tracing later affiliations.", "sourceIds": [ "mg04-treaty-1855" ] }, { "title": "Follow the shared community institution", "text": "Ziibiwing’s three-band statement supplies identity context. The photograph shows the Tribe’s shared cultural-history center; it does not depict a separate band government or establish descent.", "sourceIds": [ "ziibiwing-three-bands" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "ziibiwing-three-bands", "title": "History — identification statement", "publisher": "Ziibiwing Center", "url": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/aboutus/history.htm", "type": "Indigenous-led", "annotation": "Supporting name and relationship identification only.", "contentReviewScope": "Selected naming/identity statement; wider history not assessed for this queued entry.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Identification-only check; no substantive history work counted.", "topics": [ "Names", "Identity" ], "identificationOnly": true }, { "id": "mg04-treaty-1836-swan-black", "title": "Treaty with the Chippewa, May 9, 1836 (7 Stat. 503)", "publisher": "Oklahoma State University Libraries, Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties; historical treaty text", "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-chippewa-1836-0461", "type": "Primary treaty / archive transcription", "topics": [ "Swan Creek", "Black River", "Cessions", "Removal provisions" ], "annotation": "The instrument specifically names Swan Creek and Black River bands, lists ceded tracts and promises proceeds and western land. Its recital of agreement is treaty language, not an independent account of consent or subsequent experience.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual transcription preamble, Articles 1–4, signatory and witness names, web lines 25–72 read. Linked original scan and underlying 1807 treaty not inspected; no claim of actual payment, completed relocation or present rights.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "Treaty dated May 9, 1836; proclamation May 25, 1836", "sourceUnitKey": "treaty-swan-creek-black-river-1836" }, { "id": "mg04-treaty-1855", "title": "Treaty with the Chippewa of Saginaw, etc., August 2, 1855 — selected transcription", "publisher": "Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University; historical treaty text", "url": "https://www.cmich.edu/research/clarke-historical-library/explore-collection/explore-online/native-american-material/native-american-treaty-rights/text-of-michigan-related-treaties", "type": "Primary treaty / archive transcription", "topics": [ "Saginaw", "Swan Creek", "Black River", "Land selection" ], "annotation": "The 1855 text names its parties and sets out land-selection and payment provisions. It distinguishes Saginaw treaty parties from Swan Creek and Black River parties remaining in Michigan. Historical provisions are not current eligibility, boundaries or proof of fulfillment.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual Saginaw Chippewa and other Bands section, preamble and Articles 1–7, web lines 745–776 read. Other treaties on this long page, original signatures/scans, later implementation and current law not assessed.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "Treaty dated August 2, 1855; web transcription undated", "sourceUnitKey": "treaty-saginaw-swan-creek-black-river-1855" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 265 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "saginaw-chippewa-indian-tribe-of-michigan", "saginaw-band-ojibwe", "swan-creek-band-ojibwe", "chippewa" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded reading route with inspected content and a specifically explained visual. It does not establish a complete history, separate nation count or community endorsement.", "remainingLimits": [ "Seek additional band-specific community-authored histories and testimony; the shared three-band sentence remains identification-only evidence.", "Review the relevant earlier treaty, original scans, implementation and later family/community histories before expanding the account.", "The dated treaty provisions do not settle present land boundaries, citizenship, benefits, affiliation or an exclusive genealogy. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ] }, "researchGaps": [ "Seek additional band-specific community-authored histories and testimony; the shared three-band sentence remains identification-only evidence.", "Review the relevant earlier treaty, original scans, implementation and later family/community histories before expanding the account.", "The dated treaty provisions do not settle present land boundaries, citizenship, benefits, affiliation or an exclusive genealogy. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "searchTerms": [ "Black River band (Ojibwe)", "Ojibwe", "Ojibway", "Chippewa", "Black River" ], "evidenceNotes": [ "Published as an owner-authorized queued card after a narrow identification check. Zero substantive works counted; no history-completion or separate-government claim is made for band-name routes.", "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-04", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "mg04-treaty-1836-swan-black", "reason": "Begin with the treaty that directly names this band and its recorded tracts." }, { "sourceId": "mg04-treaty-1855", "reason": "Compare the later instrument’s specifically defined parties remaining in Michigan." } ], "scopeNote": "Historical/constituent band-name reading route; related present government is the Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe. The three routes are not three newly established present nations.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "remainingQuestions": [ "Seek additional band-specific community-authored histories and testimony; the shared three-band sentence remains identification-only evidence.", "Review the relevant earlier treaty, original scans, implementation and later family/community histories before expanding the account.", "The dated treaty provisions do not settle present land boundaries, citizenship, benefits, affiliation or an exclusive genealogy. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "imageRecordId": "black-river-band-ojibwe-context-ziibiwing-strait-2024" }, "slug": "black-river-band-ojibwe", "regionGroups": [ "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MI", "name": "Michigan", "key": "us-mi" } ] }, { "name": "Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation of Montana", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Montana", "overview": "The Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation of Montana is the government centered on the Montana Blackfeet community. The Nation's public cultural account identifies its United States members primarily with South Piegan ancestry, while naming related North Piegan, Blood and Siksika communities. Those relationships connect peoples across the international border; they do not turn this government into the whole Blackfoot Confederacy. The same account describes continuing land relationships and the North American Indian Days and Heart Butte celebrations. A second community publication explains the long water-compact process and the April 2017 tribal vote. Together, these sources introduce cultural continuity and a specific exercise of collective government. The guide attributes their histories and positions to the Nation, omits population and water-volume totals, and leaves original legal instruments and later implementation for further reading. It is a starting route into the Montana government's own public explanations, with broader histories and community voices still to add.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "A particular Montana government", "text": "The Nation identifies its United States community primarily with the South Piegan, alongside related northern communities. Its own naming account supplies the distinction used here. The profile does not assign every Blackfoot person to the Montana government or treat an international cultural relationship as a single citizenship system.", "sourceIds": [ "c3-blackfeet-culture" ] }, { "title": "Culture and collective decisions", "text": "The cultural account names continuing celebrations and relationships to land. The water page records a community vote in April 2017 after decades of negotiations. Read that dated public explanation as the Nation presenting a consequential decision, then consult the underlying compact and later records for detailed legal or implementation questions.", "sourceIds": [ "c3-blackfeet-culture", "c3-blackfeet-water" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c3-blackfeet-culture", "title": "Our Culture", "publisher": "Blackfeet Nation", "url": "https://blackfeetnation.com/our-culture/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Community culture", "Land relationships" ], "annotation": "A concise community-authored cultural orientation that specifically distinguishes the United States Blackfeet community within wider related peoples. Its ancient chronology is not independently evaluated; no cultural media are reused.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete public text, lines 6–7, read: related bands, South Piegan connection, land use and named annual celebrations. Images, stories, carousel media and precise ancient chronology not evaluated.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "c3-blackfeet-water", "title": "Water Compact", "publisher": "Blackfeet Nation", "url": "https://blackfeetnation.com/watercompact/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Water", "Self-government", "2017 vote" ], "annotation": "The Nation explains its own water-compact campaign and a dated tribal vote. Its jurisdiction and rights wording is an institutional legal/political position; this review does not independently establish current enforceability, water quantities or project implementation.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual public body lines 2–17 read, including the April 20, 2017 vote, community explanation of the agreement and public-information purpose. Chronology, FAQs, maps, legislation and resource links not opened.", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Add Montana Blackfeet-authored histories, family voices, language work and arts beyond these concise institutional pages.", "Read original compact instruments and later implementation before stating present legal rules or outcomes.", "Compare treaty, reservation and land histories with underlying records; this government is distinct from the wider Confederacy." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A small actual-content collection supports a useful introduction to this named government, with explicit historical, access and interpretation limits. It is not comprehensive research or community endorsement.", "remainingLimits": [ "Add Montana Blackfeet-authored histories, family voices, language work and arts beyond these concise institutional pages.", "Read original compact instruments and later implementation before stating present legal rules or outcomes.", "Compare treaty, reservation and land histories with underlying records; this government is distinct from the wider Confederacy." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "c3-blackfeet-culture", "c3-blackfeet-water" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-03", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c3-blackfeet-culture", "reason": "A concise community-authored cultural orientation that specifically distinguishes the United States Blackfeet community within wider related peoples. Its ancient chronology is not independently evaluated; no cultural media are reused." }, { "sourceId": "c3-blackfeet-water", "reason": "The Nation explains its own water-compact campaign and a dated tribal vote. Its jurisdiction and rights wording is an institutional legal/political position; this review does not independently establish current enforceability, water quantities or project implementation." } ], "scopeNote": "Named government route; broader people-level names and related governments remain distinct. Source dates, inspection scope and remaining gaps are retained.", "reviewBasis": "Actual selected source bodies read in this review. Prior identification evidence remains separate and does not count as substantive reading.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Add Montana Blackfeet-authored histories, family voices, language work and arts beyond these concise institutional pages.", "Read original compact instruments and later implementation before stating present legal rules or outcomes.", "Compare treaty, reservation and land histories with underlying records; this government is distinct from the wider Confederacy." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "imageRecordId": "blackfeet-conservation-nrcs-2012" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "This reviewed starting guide records selected actual-content sources, their perspectives and access limits. Reused earlier reviews retain their original dates/scopes; images and repeated URLs do not create new historical works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "blackfeet-tribe-of-the-blackfeet-indian-reservation-of-montana", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MT", "name": "Montana", "key": "us-mt" } ] }, { "originalId": 31, "name": "Blackfoot", "region": "Great Plains / Canada / United States", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "This wider Blackfoot route concerns the Siksikaitsitapi Confederacy and its constituent peoples, including Siksika, Kainai, Piikani and Aamskapi Pikuni. It begins with a Siksika-produced public book and the Confederacy Council's account, while keeping the Montana Blackfeet Nation distinct from the whole Confederacy.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Blackfoot can describe the wider Siksikaitsitapi Confederacy rather than a single political nation.", "sourceIds": [ "p31-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Kainai, Siksika, Piikani and Blackfeet communities; language and confederacy relationships. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p31-s1" ] }, { "title": "A Confederacy with distinct constituent nations", "text": "Stories of the Siksika identifies Siksika, Kainai and Piikani, including Piikani communities in Alberta and Montana. It describes shared language and cultural relationships alongside features particular to Siksika. The Confederacy Council's separate institutional history dates its declaration to May 2000 in Lethbridge. These sources distinguish collective relationships from the histories and governments of individual nations.", "sourceIds": [ "b05-blackfoot-siksika-stories-20261027", "b05-blackfoot-mission-history-20261027" ] }, { "title": "A Siksika publication on language and transmission", "text": "In the book's 2020 introduction, Stephen Yellow Old Woman explains the importance of passing history between generations through oral traditions. Its language chapter presents Siksika as one of four Blackfoot dialects and describes continuity together with vocabulary change. This is the Park's public Siksika account, rather than a full linguistic survey or permission to generalize one community's practices to every Blackfoot nation.", "sourceIds": [ "b05-blackfoot-siksika-stories-20261027" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p31-s1", "title": "Mission and History - Blackfoot Confederacy", "publisher": "blackfootconfederacy.ca", "url": "https://blackfootconfederacy.ca/mission-and-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Mission and History - Blackfoot Confederacy” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "b05-blackfoot-siksika-stories-20261027", "title": "Stories of the Siksika (first printing March 2020)", "publisher": "Blackfoot Crossing Historical Park; hosted by Blackfoot Confederacy Tribal Council", "url": "https://blackfootconfederacy.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/History-book-layout-V2a.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Confederacy", "Language", "Public history", "Oral tradition" ], "annotation": "A Siksika-produced public book that places its own nation within the wider Confederacy and explains language continuity. The introduction by Stephen Yellow Old Woman frames the publication through intergenerational oral transmission. Selected introductory and language pages were read, not the complete volume or its cited works. The publisher retains content/image rights; none of its photographs or logos is reproduced here.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 41-spread PDF downloaded once. Read and visually inspected printed pp. 2–3 (acknowledgements, March 2020 first printing, rights and contents), 8–9 (self-description and Stephen Yellow Old Woman introduction), 14 (Confederacy and Clans) and 41 (Speaking Siksika), corresponding to PDF pp. 3, 6, 9 and 22. The adjacent printed pages were visible in those spreads but supply no proposed retelling of stories, ceremonial instruction or image reuse. Text extraction exposed additional pages; no whole-book review is claimed. Linked and cited works remain unread.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "b05-blackfoot-mission-history-20261027", "title": "Our Mission & History — Blackfoot Confederacy Tribal Council", "publisher": "Blackfoot Confederacy Tribal Council", "url": "https://blackfootconfederacy.ca/mission-and-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Confederacy", "Political history" ], "annotation": "The Council's short institutional account names four constituent peoples and dates the declaration to 25 May 2000 in Lethbridge. Useful supporting context for collective agency; its brief mission and declaration paragraph are not counted as a substantial independent work. Original declaration and treaties were not inspected.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Complete visible main body lines 16–50 read, including mission, values and the declaration paragraph. Names of leaders, current news, linked declarations, treaties and images were not used.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "b05-blackfoot-constituents-20261027", "title": "Our Lands & Tribes — Blackfoot Confederacy Tribal Council", "publisher": "Blackfoot Confederacy Tribal Council", "url": "https://blackfootconfederacy.ca/lands-and-tribes/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Confederacy" ], "annotation": "An official orientation naming Kainaiwa, Siksika, Apatosi Piikani and Aamskapi Pikuni and identifying Aamskapi Pikuni with the Montana Blackfeet Nation. This identity and photo-context reference is excluded from the substantive reading count and starting guide. Undated population figures and sensitive-place descriptions are not adopted.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual council/constituent descriptions at lines 11–14, 22–24, 34–36, 45–47 and 56–58 read. Later sacred-place paragraph, video and linked nation websites supply no proposed claim; undated counts are omitted.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 32, 349 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "overviewSourceIds": [ "b05-blackfoot-siksika-stories-20261027", "b05-blackfoot-constituents-20261027" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "researchGaps": [ "This is a brief Confederacy route with one selected Siksika publication; substantial Kainai, Piikani and Aamskapi Pikuni community histories and authors remain to be reviewed.", "Selected pages of the 2020 book were inspected. Its other sections, underlying oral recordings, specialist language scholarship and cited historical works remain unread.", "The 2000 declaration itself and original Canadian and United States treaties were not examined; no current legal, boundary or membership conclusion follows from the Council's summary.", "No Blackfoot community review or endorsement is recorded. The photograph shows one dated Montana conservation activity, not the entire Confederacy." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "One substantial community-produced book, inspected in selected relevant pages, supports an initial Confederacy and language route. Two short official pages supply scoped institutional/identity context only. Coverage across the four nations remains uneven.", "remainingLimits": [ "This is a brief Confederacy route with one selected Siksika publication; substantial Kainai, Piikani and Aamskapi Pikuni community histories and authors remain to be reviewed.", "Selected pages of the 2020 book were inspected. Its other sections, underlying oral recordings, specialist language scholarship and cited historical works remain unread.", "The 2000 declaration itself and original Canadian and United States treaties were not examined; no current legal, boundary or membership conclusion follows from the Council's summary.", "No Blackfoot community review or endorsement is recorded. The photograph shows one dated Montana conservation activity, not the entire Confederacy." ] }, "startingGuide": { "sources": [ { "sourceId": "b05-blackfoot-siksika-stories-20261027", "reason": "Begin with the Park's own introduction, Confederacy page and language chapter, keeping its Siksika perspective explicit." } ], "remainingQuestions": [ "This is a brief Confederacy route with one selected Siksika publication; substantial Kainai, Piikani and Aamskapi Pikuni community histories and authors remain to be reviewed.", "Selected pages of the 2020 book were inspected. Its other sections, underlying oral recordings, specialist language scholarship and cited historical works remain unread.", "The 2000 declaration itself and original Canadian and United States treaties were not examined; no current legal, boundary or membership conclusion follows from the Council's summary." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "batchId": "starter-guides-05", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "researchComplete": false, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "imageRecordId": "blackfoot-aamskapi-pikuni-conservation-nrcs-2012" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "added": false, "slug": "blackfoot", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MT", "name": "Montana", "key": "us-mt" } ] }, { "originalId": 32, "name": "Blood (Kainai)", "region": "Great Plains / Alberta", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Kainai Nation, also known as the Blood Tribe, is a distinct nation within the Blackfoot Confederacy.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Kainai Nation, also known as the Blood Tribe, is a distinct nation within the Blackfoot Confederacy.", "sourceIds": [ "p32-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Kainai-authored history, Kainayssini, language, land and contemporary institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p32-s1", "p32-s2", "p32-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p32-s1", "title": "Kainayssini (Elder Declaration of 1988) | Kainai Board of Education", "publisher": "kainaied.ca", "url": "https://www.kainaied.ca/about/kainayssini", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Kainayssini (Elder Declaration of 1988) | Kainai Board of Education” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p32-s2", "title": "Alberta – The Blood Tribe – First Nations History", "publisher": "firstnationshistory.ca", "url": "https://firstnationshistory.ca/alberta-the-blood-tribe/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Alberta – The Blood Tribe – First Nations History” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p32-s3", "title": "Blood Tribe – Kainaiwa - Blood Tribe - Kainaiwa", "publisher": "old.bloodtribe.org", "url": "https://old.bloodtribe.org/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Blood Tribe – Kainaiwa - Blood Tribe - Kainaiwa” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 31, 349 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "blood-kainai", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-AB", "name": "Alberta", "key": "ca-ab" } ] }, { "name": "Blue Lake Rancheria, California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Blue Lake Rancheria, California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "blue-lake-rancheria-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Blueberry River First Nations", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nations / community government", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Blueberry River First Nations has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community government in the BC Assembly of First Nations community directory. Directory inclusion and administrative region do not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or a relationship to every broader people label.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body: exact selected name and its region label at lines 76-78; page heading at line 11 supplies British Columbia context. Only selected name/administrative-region content used. No linked histories, affiliation claims, images, interactive map operation or government-power analysis reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "blueberry-river-first-nations", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Bois Forte Band of Chippewa", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Minnesota", "overview": "The Bois Forte Band of Chippewa is a distinct Ojibwe government in northern Minnesota. Its own public history identifies Nett Lake, Vermilion and Deer Creek as three reservation sectors, each with a different local history. The Band’s history and community Heritage Center provide an accessible starting point for understanding migration, treaty-era changes and the continuing work of telling Bois Forte history.", "relationshipNote": "MnDOT explicitly places this individual Minnesota government under its Ojibwe Tribal Nation grouping. It remains a separate government; the broader Ojibwe directory route is related reading, not a substitute identity.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Community history and reservation sectors", "text": "The Band’s historical summary presents a migration account involving an elder’s prophecy and westward movement around the Great Lakes. It then distinguishes the 1854 and 1866 treaty arrangements and an 1881 executive order in explaining its reservation sectors. Read these as the Band’s account of its own history: the summary connects named places, political changes and continuing relationships with wild rice and other resources. It does not supply a surveyed boundary or establish a single migration chronology for every Ojibwe community.", "sourceIds": [ "p265-s10" ] }, { "title": "Community interpretation and stewardship", "text": "The Heritage Center describes its founding through elder and Tribal Council member Phyllis Boshey, its opening in 2002 and exhibits interpreting Bois Forte experience. Its public exhibit descriptions introduce a migration mural and a collection of oral-history interviews; the interview transcripts remain a separate reading task. Alongside this public-history work, the Band’s Natural Resources Department describes stewardship across the reservation sectors and within the 1854 Treaty Area, including cooperation with the 1854 Treaty Authority. These dated institutional descriptions offer routes into living community priorities without establishing the current outcomes of every program.", "sourceIds": [ "p265-s11", "p265-s21" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p265-s10", "title": "History — Bois Forte Band of Chippewa", "author": "Bois Forte Band of Chippewa", "publisher": "Bois Forte Band of Chippewa", "url": "https://boisforte.com/about/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Tribal government historical overview", "topics": [ "Bois Forte Band", "Minnesota Ojibwe", "Treaties", "Reservation sectors", "Wild rice" ], "publicationDate": "Undated public history page; 2026 site footer not treated as publication date", "annotation": "The Band distinguishes its three reservation sectors and gives its own migration account, treaty chronology and present-day resource and community context. Its account is not treated as a boundary map or as a template for other Ojibwe communities.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible Brief Summary of Bois Forte History (lines 134–145): community locations, migration account, 1854 and 1866 treaties, 1881 executive order, self-government and cultural/resource continuity. Contemporary business totals are not repeated.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p265-s11", "title": "Bois Forte Heritage Center & Cultural Museum — history and exhibits", "author": "Bois Forte Heritage Center & Cultural Museum; migration narrative attributed to the Center; logo concept by Rosemary Berens", "publisher": "Bois Forte Heritage Center & Cultural Museum", "url": "https://www.boisforteheritagecenter.com/about/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Community museum history, exhibit description and public oral-history index", "topics": [ "Bois Forte Band", "Community migration account", "Museum interpretation", "Oral histories" ], "publicationDate": "Undated pages; Center opening date stated as 2002", "annotation": "The community museum identifies its founding through elder and Tribal Council member Phyllis Boshey, describes its migration mural and exhibits, and lists public oral-history interviews. The migration narrative is attributed to the Center’s account; interviews are listed but were not individually read. Sacred materials are not reproduced.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the About page’s museum-founding and migration paragraphs (lines 9–18) and the complete visible Exhibits & Displays descriptions (lines 10–44). The oral-history transcripts themselves were not opened or counted.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Exhibits & Displays", "url": "https://www.boisforteheritagecenter.com/exhibits/", "scope": "Exhibit descriptions, museum perspective, and list of publicly linked oral-history transcripts; transcripts not read." } ], "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p265-s21", "title": "Natural Resources Management — Bois Forte Band", "author": "Bois Forte Band Natural Resources Department", "publisher": "Bois Forte Band of Chippewa", "url": "https://boisforte.com/departments/natural-resources-land-management/", "type": "Indigenous-led / government", "sourceKind": "Current tribal natural-resources program overview", "topics": [ "Bois Forte Band", "1854 Treaty Area", "Land stewardship", "Natural resources" ], "publicationDate": "Current page includes 2026 program highlights", "annotation": "The Band describes stewardship on its reservation sectors and within the 1854 Treaty Area, including its cooperation with the 1854 Treaty Authority and current programs. It is a present-day institutional account; land-return and harvest-right assertions are attributed and not independently adjudicated here.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the mission and 2026 highlights (lines 136–158), including the climate plan partnership and current ecological/resource projects. Linked plans and video were not opened.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.dot.state.mn.us/mntribes/mntribes.html", "publisher": "Minnesota Department of Transportation", "scope": "Actual Tribal Nations in Minnesota page, lines22–74: eleven individually listed governments, explicitly grouped under seven Ojibwe and four Dakota nations. Separate-sovereign-government wording read; linked sheets and tribal destinations were not content-reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 265 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Read selected public Bois Forte oral-history transcripts with speaker, date and consent/publication context; only the interview index was previously inspected.", "Compare the cited treaty chronology and 1881 executive order with the actual instruments and place-specific historical scholarship.", "Add community-authored language learning material and a dated account of present program outcomes." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Adequate initial introduction", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "Useful within the disclosed source and image scopes as a starting profile; no fixed source minimum or comprehensive completion claim.", "remainingLimits": [ "Read selected public Bois Forte oral-history transcripts with speaker, date and consent/publication context; only the interview index was previously inspected.", "Compare the cited treaty chronology and 1881 executive order with the actual instruments and place-specific historical scholarship.", "Add community-authored language learning material and a dated account of present program outcomes." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p265-s10", "p265-s11" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Community-specific starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "p265-s10", "copiedFromOriginalId": 265, "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "originalContentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible Brief Summary of Bois Forte History (lines 134–145): community locations, migration account, 1854 and 1866 treaties, 1881 executive order, self-government and cultural/resource continuity. Contemporary business totals are not repeated.", "sourceObjectUnmodified": true, "newOriginalSourceReviewCount": 0, "accessNote": "Public web page or PDF at the recorded original review; existing review/access dates are retained. This package does not claim a fresh full-source access audit.", "perspective": "Indigenous-led", "limits": "Read the complete visible Brief Summary of Bois Forte History (lines 134–145): community locations, migration account, 1854 and 1866 treaties, 1881 executive order, self-government and cultural/resource continuity. Contemporary business totals are not repeated." }, { "sourceId": "p265-s11", "copiedFromOriginalId": 265, "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "originalContentReviewScope": "Read the About page’s museum-founding and migration paragraphs (lines 9–18) and the complete visible Exhibits & Displays descriptions (lines 10–44). The oral-history transcripts themselves were not opened or counted.", "sourceObjectUnmodified": true, "newOriginalSourceReviewCount": 0, "accessNote": "Public web page or PDF at the recorded original review; existing review/access dates are retained. This package does not claim a fresh full-source access audit.", "perspective": "Indigenous-led", "limits": "Read the About page’s museum-founding and migration paragraphs (lines 9–18) and the complete visible Exhibits & Displays descriptions (lines 10–44). The oral-history transcripts themselves were not opened or counted." }, { "sourceId": "p265-s21", "copiedFromOriginalId": 265, "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "originalContentReviewScope": "Read the mission and 2026 highlights (lines 136–158), including the climate plan partnership and current ecological/resource projects. Linked plans and video were not opened.", "sourceObjectUnmodified": true, "newOriginalSourceReviewCount": 0, "accessNote": "Public web page or PDF at the recorded original review; existing review/access dates are retained. This package does not claim a fresh full-source access audit.", "perspective": "Indigenous-led / government", "limits": "Read the mission and 2026 highlights (lines 136–158), including the climate plan partnership and current ecological/resource projects. Linked plans and video were not opened." } ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-02", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p265-s10", "reason": "Begin with the Band’s concise history to keep the three reservation sectors and their treaty-era histories distinct." }, { "sourceId": "p265-s11", "reason": "Continue to the community museum’s account of its founding and exhibits; the linked interview transcripts were not inspected." } ], "scopeNote": "A community-specific starting profile assembled from selected actual-content sources, retaining their earlier inspection dates and exact scopes. The wider Ojibwe profile is related reading, not a substitute government or a claim of equal coverage.", "reviewRationale": "A few useful community-specific publications provide a bounded point of entry while the explicit remaining questions stay open.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Read selected public Bois Forte oral-history transcripts with speaker, date and consent/publication context; only the interview index was previously inspected.", "Compare the cited treaty chronology and 1881 executive order with the actual instruments and place-specific historical scholarship.", "Add community-authored language learning material and a dated account of present program outcomes." ], "imageRecordId": "bois-forte-heritage-museum", "reviewBasis": "Source selection and synthesis checked against existing actual-content source records and retained research notes. Only the listed records are reused. New photograph identification, item rights and complete delivered image frames were inspected on 2026-10-27. No fresh full-source review or exhaustive completion is claimed.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "additionalSupportingContext": [ { "sourceId": "p265-s21", "reason": "Use the resource department’s dated institutional description as a short bridge from history to community stewardship." } ] }, "evidenceNotes": [ "A community-specific starting guide reuses selected earlier actual-content reviews with their original dates/scopes. It does not add new global works merely because a URL appears on this route. Picture identification/rights are separate from historical adequacy or community endorsement." ], "slug": "bois-forte-band-of-chippewa", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MN", "name": "Minnesota", "key": "us-mn" } ] }, { "originalId": 33, "name": "Bokota", "region": "Central America / Panama", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Bokota is an Indigenous name used in Panama. Sources need to distinguish its historical and linguistic usage from neighboring Ngäbe and Buglé identities.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Bokota is an Indigenous name used in Panama. Sources need to distinguish its historical and linguistic usage from neighboring Ngäbe and Buglé identities.", "sourceIds": [ "p33-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Alternative spellings, linguistic classification and community-specific self-designation. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p33-s1", "p33-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p33-s1", "title": "Pueblo: Bokota", "publisher": "atlaspueblosindigenas.files.wordpress.com", "url": "https://atlaspueblosindigenas.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/bokota.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Pueblo: Bokota” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p33-s2", "title": "Bogota Language and the Bogotá Indian Tribe (Bokota, Bocota, Bobota, Muoi)", "publisher": "native-languages.org", "url": "https://www.native-languages.org/bogota.htm", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Bogota Language and the Bogotá Indian Tribe (Bokota, Bocota, Bobota, Muoi)” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "bokota", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "PA", "name": "Panama", "key": "pa" } ] }, { "name": "Bonaparte First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community government", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Bonaparte First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community government in the BC Assembly of First Nations community directory. Directory inclusion and administrative region do not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or a relationship to every broader people label.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body: exact selected name and its region label at lines 80-81; page heading at line 11 supplies British Columbia context. Only selected name/administrative-region content used. No linked histories, affiliation claims, images, interactive map operation or government-power analysis reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "bonaparte-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Boothroyd Indian Band", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / band government", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Boothroyd Indian Band has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community government in the BC Assembly of First Nations community directory. Directory inclusion and administrative region do not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or a relationship to every broader people label.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body: exact selected name and its region label at lines 83-85; page heading at line 11 supplies British Columbia context. Only selected name/administrative-region content used. No linked histories, affiliation claims, images, interactive map operation or government-power analysis reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "boothroyd-indian-band", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Boston Bar First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community government", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Boston Bar First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community government in the BC Assembly of First Nations community directory. Directory inclusion and administrative region do not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or a relationship to every broader people label.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body: exact selected name and its region label at lines 87-89; page heading at line 11 supplies British Columbia context. Only selected name/administrative-region content used. No linked histories, affiliation claims, images, interactive map operation or government-power analysis reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "boston-bar-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 34, "name": "Bribri", "region": "Central America / Costa Rica", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Bribri people have communities in Costa Rica, including the Talamanca region, with relationships extending across modern borders.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Bribri people have communities in Costa Rica, including the Talamanca region, with relationships extending across modern borders.", "sourceIds": [ "p34-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Bribri language, community knowledge, territorial histories and contemporary institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p34-s1", "p34-s2", "p34-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p34-s1", "title": "Descripción y documentación del Bribri – Dipalicori", "publisher": "dipalicori.ucr.ac.cr", "url": "https://dipalicori.ucr.ac.cr/descripcion-bribri/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Descripción y documentación del Bribri – Dipalicori” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p34-s2", "title": "The ASJP Database - Wordlist Bribri", "publisher": "asjp.clld.org", "url": "https://asjp.clld.org/languages/BRIBRI", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “The ASJP Database - Wordlist Bribri” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p34-s3", "title": "Pronunciamiento sobre el homicidio del líder indígena bribri", "publisher": "cu.ucr.ac.cr", "url": "https://www.cu.ucr.ac.cr/pronunciamientos/2019/pronun93.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Pronunciamiento sobre el homicidio del líder indígena bribri” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "bribri", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CR", "name": "Costa Rica", "key": "cr" }, { "id": "PA", "name": "Panama", "key": "pa" } ] }, { "originalId": 35, "name": "Brörán", "region": "Central America / Costa Rica", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Brörán is a name used by the Térraba people of Costa Rica. Regional history connects with the wider Teribe and Naso context without erasing distinct communities.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Brörán is a name used by the Térraba people of Costa Rica. Regional history connects with the wider Teribe and Naso context without erasing distinct communities.", "sourceIds": [ "p35-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Brörán self-identification, territory, language and community accounts. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p35-s1", "p35-s2", "p35-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p35-s1", "title": "Térraba: un pueblo que nunca deja de luchar", "publisher": "ucr.ac.cr", "url": "https://www.ucr.ac.cr/noticias/2017/12/26/terraba-un-pueblo-que-nunca-deja-de-luchar.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Térraba: un pueblo que nunca deja de luchar” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p35-s2", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Brörán", "publisher": "revistas.tec.ac.cr", "url": "https://revistas.tec.ac.cr/index.php/trama/article/view/3941", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Brörán” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p35-s3", "title": "Visibilización y relevancia de la autonomía de las mujeres indígenas Teribes bröran a partir de los procesos de recuperación y regeneración territorial de térraba en el año 2022", "publisher": "repositorio.una.ac.cr", "url": "https://repositorio.una.ac.cr/items/2bca4507-cb36-4a56-b07c-e113c9dc07a4", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Visibilización y relevancia de la autonomía de las mujeres indígenas Teribes bröran a partir de los procesos de recuperación y regeneración territorial de térraba en el año 2022” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "broran", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CR", "name": "Costa Rica", "key": "cr" } ] }, { "name": "Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "buena-vista-rancheria-of-mewuk-indians-of-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 36, "name": "Buglé", "region": "Central America / Panama", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Buglé people and their language should be distinguished from Ngäbe people even where administrative sources discuss them together.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Buglé people and their language should be distinguished from Ngäbe people even where administrative sources discuss them together.", "sourceIds": [ "p36-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Buglere language, distinct identity and the Ngäbe-Buglé comarca’s administrative scope. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p36-s1", "p36-s2", "p36-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p36-s1", "title": "Los Ngäbe y los Buglé", "publisher": "minsa.gob.pa", "url": "https://www.minsa.gob.pa/sites/default/files/publicacion-general/plan_de_pueblos_indigenas-28_de_noviembre.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Los Ngäbe y los Buglé” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p36-s2", "title": "Consulta 5. Taller Buglé, Ciudad de Panamá", "publisher": "mingob.gob.pa", "url": "https://www.mingob.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Analisis-Sociocultural-PN-L1157-marzo-2019-.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Consulta 5. Taller Buglé, Ciudad de Panamá” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p36-s3", "title": "Datos sobre las etnias Ngäbe y Buglé", "publisher": "educapanama.edu.pa", "url": "https://www.educapanama.edu.pa/?q=download%2Ffile%2Ffid%2F16823", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Datos sobre las etnias Ngäbe y Buglé” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "bugle", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "PA", "name": "Panama", "key": "pa" } ] }, { "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-27", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Families after the 1900 burning", "text": "Burt Lake Band historian Alice Littlefield challenges the story that the burning of the village at Indian Point dispersed everyone elsewhere. Her 2005 essay describes families finding shelter with nearby relatives and rebuilding community life along Indian Road. She compares later accounts with land records, census material and recollections; those underlying records remain a further reading task.", "sourceIds": [ "c5-burt-after-burnout" ] }, { "title": "Food knowledge across generations", "text": "The Band’s Traditional Foods page describes collecting harvesting experiences, family stories and recipes that bring foods from the land into contemporary cooking. Its proposed book connects practical knowledge with family memory. The undated project account is a useful introduction to the community’s priorities; it does not establish the project’s present operation or outcomes.", "sourceIds": [ "c5-burt-traditional-foods" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c5-burt-after-burnout", "title": "What Happened After the Burnout?", "publisher": "Burt Lake Band", "url": "https://burtlakeband.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/What-Happened-After-the-Burnout.pdf", "type": "Community-published historical essay", "topics": [ "history", "displacement", "family continuity", "historical method" ], "annotation": "Tribal historian Alice Littlefield compares conflicting relocation stories and explains the evidence for continued community life near Indian Road. A useful correction to accounts of complete dispersal.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Both physical PDF pages 1-2 read as selectable text and rendered page images. Essay dated 26 October 2005; repost heading 31 January 2008. The cited research narrative, census originals, interviews and newspaper originals were not separately inspected. No legal acknowledgment conclusion adopted.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "access": "Public full text; no account or subscription used. Inspection is limited to the stated body/pages.", "author": "Alice Littlefield, identified in the publication as Burt Lake Band Tribal Historian", "publicationDate": "2005-10-26" }, { "id": "c5-burt-traditional-foods", "title": "Traditional Foods", "publisher": "Burt Lake Band", "url": "https://burtlakeband.org/traditional-arts/", "type": "Community project account", "topics": [ "foodways", "knowledge transmission", "family stories" ], "annotation": "The Band describes a food project linking harvesting knowledge, contemporary recipes and family recollections. It supplies a community perspective beyond the history of dispossession.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Entire two-paragraph public project body read. The page is undated and describes a three-year project; funding award, finished book, participation and present operation were not independently verified. Linked recipe book and photos not copied.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "access": "Public full text; no account or subscription used. Inspection is limited to the stated body/pages." } ], "searchTerms": [ "Cheboiganing Band" ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-27", "researchGaps": [ "Inspect the original records and community interviews cited by Littlefield, and broaden the history before 1900 and after the Indian Road settlement.", "Review the food project’s dated publications, finished book and further publicly shared community voices; no current participation or health outcome is established.", "Treaty interpretation, acknowledgment proceedings, land ownership and individual citizenship are not determined by this guide. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded starting path now uses inspected public content, with scope and access limits recorded. This is not comprehensive research or community review.", "remainingLimits": [ "Inspect the original records and community interviews cited by Littlefield, and broaden the history before 1900 and after the Indian Road settlement.", "Review the food project’s dated publications, finished book and further publicly shared community voices; no current participation or health outcome is established.", "Treaty interpretation, acknowledgment proceedings, land ownership and individual citizenship are not determined by this guide. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ] }, "name": "Burt Lake Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians", "kind": "Contemporary band community", "region": "Northern Michigan — community self-description", "relationshipNote": "The Band’s own public About page identifies its Burt Lake community and the older Cheboiganing name; its separate public Council page identifies a Tribal Council. This individually findable outline does not decide federal acknowledgment, treaty interpretation, current land rights or individual descent.", "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "ottawa-odawa", "chippewa" ], "overview": "The Burt Lake Band’s public writing offers a starting path through family continuity after displacement and the transmission of food knowledge.", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://burtlakeband.org/about/", "publisher": "Burt Lake Band", "title": "About — Burt Lake Band", "scope": "Selected public paragraphs naming the Burt Lake Band, its older Cheboiganing name and Northern Michigan setting; legal and treaty assertions were not independently adjudicated and are not adopted by this outline.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://burtlakeband.org/council/", "publisher": "Burt Lake Band", "title": "Tribal Council", "scope": "Public heading and council-role labels inspected only to verify that the Band publishes its own council. No personal contact data or portraits copied.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "overviewSourceIds": [ "c5-burt-after-burnout", "c5-burt-traditional-foods" ], "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "startingGuide": { "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c5-burt-after-burnout", "reason": "Begin with the Band historian’s evidence-based correction to a frequently repeated relocation story." }, { "sourceId": "c5-burt-traditional-foods", "reason": "Continue with the Band’s own account of food knowledge and family memory." } ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "remainingQuestions": [ "Inspect the original records and community interviews cited by Littlefield, and broaden the history before 1900 and after the Indian Road settlement.", "Review the food project’s dated publications, finished book and further publicly shared community voices; no current participation or health outcome is established.", "Treaty interpretation, acknowledgment proceedings, land ownership and individual citizenship are not determined by this guide. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "batchId": "starter-guides-05", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "researchComplete": false, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "imageRecordId": "c5-burt-lake-notorious4life2019" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "burt-lake-band-of-ottawa-and-chippewa-indians", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MI", "name": "Michigan", "key": "us-mi" } ] }, { "added": true, "name": "Cabécar", "region": "Central America / Costa Rica", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Cabécar people have communities and homelands in Costa Rica, including the Talamanca region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Cabécar people have communities and homelands in Costa Rica, including the Talamanca region.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Cabécar language, community histories, education and territorial relationships. Start with the annotated sources and compare each publisher’s scope and perspective.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1", "added-s2", "added-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "added-s1", "title": "UNA Comunica - 8 horas de ida y 8 de regreso: el camino de una cabécar para lograr su título", "publisher": "unacomunica.una.ac.cr", "url": "https://www.unacomunica.una.ac.cr/index.php/noviembre-2024/5743-8-horas-de-ida-y-8-de-regreso-el-camino-de-una-cabecar-para-lograr-su-titulo", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “UNA Comunica - 8 horas de ida y 8 de regreso: el camino de una cabécar para lograr su título” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "added-s2", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Cabécar", "publisher": "orion.tec.ac.cr", "url": "https://orion.tec.ac.cr/es/projects/la-autodeterminaci%C3%B3n-del-pueblo-alto-pacuare-en-territorio-ind%C3%ADge/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Cabécar” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "added-s3", "title": "Propuesta de incorporación del estudiantado indígena Cabécar a la", "publisher": "congresouniversitario.ucr.ac.cr", "url": "https://congresouniversitario.ucr.ac.cr/sites/default/files/2025-09/19.CUU_%20SP.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Propuesta de incorporación del estudiantado indígena Cabécar a la” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 34 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "slug": "cabecar", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CR", "name": "Costa Rica", "key": "cr" } ] }, { "originalId": 37, "name": "Cacaopera", "region": "Central America / El Salvador", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Cacaopera and Kakawira appear in accounts of Indigenous communities in eastern El Salvador.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Cacaopera and Kakawira appear in accounts of Indigenous communities in eastern El Salvador.", "sourceIds": [ "p37-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community naming, cultural organizations, language history and contemporary cultural activity. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p37-s1", "p37-s2", "p37-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p37-s1", "title": "Cacaopera Language and the Cacaopera Indian Tribe (Kakaopera, Kakawira)", "publisher": "native-languages.org", "url": "https://www.native-languages.org/cacaopera.htm", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Cacaopera Language and the Cacaopera Indian Tribe (Kakaopera, Kakawira)” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p37-s2", "title": "Significado de las manifestaciones culturales ancestrales y factores que influyen en la identidad del pueblo Kakawira del municipio de Cacaopera, departamento de Morazán", "publisher": "repositorio.ues.edu.sv", "url": "https://repositorio.ues.edu.sv/items/b59ee036-81a5-47bc-8947-381b843c2a02/full", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Significado de las manifestaciones culturales ancestrales y factores que influyen en la identidad del pueblo Kakawira del municipio de Cacaopera, departamento de Morazán” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p37-s3", "title": "Significado de las manifestaciones culturales ancestrales y factores que influyen en la identidad del pueblo Kakawira del municipio de Cacaopera, departamento de Morazán", "publisher": "repositorio.ues.edu.sv", "url": "https://repositorio.ues.edu.sv/items/b59ee036-81a5-47bc-8947-381b843c2a02", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Significado de las manifestaciones culturales ancestrales y factores que influyen en la identidad del pueblo Kakawira del municipio de Cacaopera, departamento de Morazán” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "cacaopera", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "SV", "name": "El Salvador", "key": "sv" } ] }, { "name": "Cachil DeHe Band of Wintun Indians of the Colusa Indian Community of the Colusa Rancheria, California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Cachil DeHe Band of Wintun Indians of the Colusa Indian Community of the Colusa Rancheria, California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "cachil-dehe-band-of-wintun-indians-of-the-colusa-indian-community-of-the-colusa-rancheria-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 38, "name": "Caddo", "region": "Southern Plains / Caddo Homeland", "kind": "People / contemporary tribal nation", "overview": "Caddo is a living Indigenous people with historical communities across the Red, Ouachita, Sabine, and Neches river regions. The Caddo Nation of Oklahoma is a contemporary tribal government formed from historically related communities; Caddoan language relationships do not make neighboring nations the same people. This Texas-focused guide distinguishes archaeological interpretation, written colonial records, Caddo oral histories, and current community work.", "sections": [ { "title": "Names, related communities, and the Caddo Nation today", "text": "Historical sources use Caddo both for a particular northern community often called Kadohadacho and, more broadly, for several related Caddo-speaking communities. Caddo Nation language materials describe the historical Kadohadacho, Natchitoches, and Hasinai confederacies and emphasize that Pawnee, Wichita, Arikara, and Kitsai are linguistically related but remain culturally and historically separate Nations. The present Caddo Nation of Oklahoma is a contemporary government formed through 1930s reorganization; its 1938 constitution records one dated stage in that history, not today’s governing rules. The narrower Kadohadacho entry by Howard Meredith should be read for that community rather than generalized to every Caddo group.", "sourceIds": [ "p38-s2", "p38-s8", "p38-s14", "p38-s15" ] }, { "title": "Homeland and place through time", "text": "Caddo historical communities are associated with river valleys across what are now northeast Texas, northwest Louisiana, southwest Arkansas, and southeast Oklahoma. The Caddo Homeland exhibit describes a large central homeland and a northern Arkansas Basin whose relationship to Caddo identity remains debated. It also explains that territories changed over time and that archaeological sites do not create fixed political borders. A separate Caddo oral-history synthesis describes three broad historical groupings and named villages using both community memory and colonial records. These regional descriptions document historical relationships; they do not define a present-day boundary or suggest that all Caddo people live in one place.", "sourceIds": [ "p38-s1", "p38-s5", "p38-s8", "p38-s9", "p38-s14" ] }, { "title": "Ancestors, archaeology, and what the evidence can show", "text": "Archaeological sequences trace distinctive Caddo pottery, villages, mound centers, agriculture, and long-distance exchange over many centuries. Researchers infer parts of that history from durable remains, but the timeline exhibit cautions that most ordinary lives and events leave little archaeological trace. The Texas Historical Commission’s Caddo Mounds account describes one important ceremonial and settlement center, not the whole Caddo world. A useful starting method is to compare archaeology with Caddo oral histories, language, written records, and later scholarship, while keeping uncertainty visible where those sources do not align.", "sourceIds": [ "p38-s3", "p38-s6", "p38-s7", "p38-s10", "p38-s12" ] }, { "title": "Contact, diplomacy, and records written by outsiders", "text": "Spanish, French, Mexican, and United States records describe encounters with Caddo communities, but they reflect the observers’ aims and assumptions. The Texas Beyond History research guide explains how missionary, travel, and government records can be useful while remaining selective and biased. Its Caddo Voices material, researched and written by enrolled Caddo historian Cecile Elkins Carter, combines oral histories with archival evidence and gives specific speakers and dates. Those accounts offer situated perspectives rather than one interchangeable story for every Caddo family or community.", "sourceIds": [ "p38-s7", "p38-s8", "p38-s9", "p38-s12" ] }, { "title": "Treaties, displacement, and movement west", "text": "The 1835 treaty printed in the United States Statutes at Large records the cession agreement and related terms negotiated with named Caddo leaders. The instrument is evidence of the legal document and its signatories; it cannot by itself describe the different experiences of all Caddo communities or prove how every provision was carried out. Caddo Voices recounts movement from Louisiana into Texas, violence and loss of homes, and later movement to the Brazos area and west. Fallis Elkins’s 1973 family account and Sadie Bedoka Weller’s 1968 recollection are explicitly attributed testimony, not anonymous folklore. State and federal site histories add an institutional chronology of the 1855 reservation and 1859 removal, which should be read alongside those Caddo accounts.", "sourceIds": [ "p38-s3", "p38-s9", "p38-s11", "p38-s13" ] }, { "title": "Language, cultural continuity, and renewed practice", "text": "The Caddo Nation’s language program describes Caddo language as Hasinai in some contexts and situates language work within community history, gatherings, and cultural life. The program states that other Caddoan-language Nations are separate peoples. It also documents contemporary language-archive and learning work; language change or the loss of fluent speakers does not mean that Caddo people or culture have disappeared. The Texas Beyond History pottery exhibit connects ancient material evidence with Jeri Redcorn’s first-person account of learning and renewing Caddo pottery. A Texas Historical Commission exhibit developed with Caddo citizens and featuring artist Chase Kahwinhut Earles presents selected community knowledge about Caddo Mounds. These works are specific examples and do not stand for every citizen’s practice.", "sourceIds": [ "p38-s2", "p38-s4", "p38-s10", "p38-s11", "p38-s16", "p38-s17" ] }, { "title": "Community participation in a constitutional project", "text": "The Caddo Nation’s project account describes research followed by citizen surveys and meetings, then a planned 2026–2027 period of analysis, education and drafting. It presents consultation as part of deciding what constitutional changes to consider. Read this as the Nation’s dated account of an ongoing process. A plan to prepare proposals for a later vote does not show that changes were adopted or that all citizens agreed. This source does not replace the governing text and amendments.", "sourceIds": [ "p38-constitution-project-2026" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p38-s1", "title": "Early Caddo History", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/early-caddo-history.htm", "publisher": "National Park Service", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "History", "Homeland", "Identity" ], "annotation": "A concise NPS exhibit locates historic Caddo communities in the Piney Woods and distinguishes Hasinai, Kadohadacho, and Natchitoches areas. Its chronology and population statements are institutional summaries, not current community counts; consult the cited oral-history and archaeological works for nuance.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "The complete visible article, including its 1687 map caption, related-page links, and 2020 update date, was read. The linked map itself was not added to the historical-map room or assessed for reuse in this batch.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p38-s2", "title": "Language Preservation", "url": "https://mycaddonation.com/language-preservation", "publisher": "Caddo Nation of Oklahoma Language Program", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Contemporary life", "Identity" ], "annotation": "The Caddo Nation language program describes Hasinai/Caddo language work, the historical confederacies, community archiving, and the distinction between linguistic relationship and separate Nations. This is the Nation program’s own account of its work and language history.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible page was inspected, including the program lead, goals, language-history section, linked dated news items, and statement of continuing community work. No current speaker count was inferred from older media links.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p38-s3", "title": "Caddo Mounds History", "url": "https://thc.texas.gov/state-historic-sites/caddo-mounds/caddo-mounds-history", "publisher": "Texas Historical Commission", "type": "Government / archaeology and historic-site interpretation", "topics": [ "History", "Archaeology", "Homeland" ], "annotation": "A site history summarizes the settlement and ceremonial center at Caddo Mounds and later Hasinai and Caddo movement. Its account is useful for this particular site and institutional chronology, not a complete history of the Caddo people.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible history article and its listed chronology were read. Interpretations of why the center was vacated remain attributed to the site’s archaeological account.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p38-s4", "title": "Caddo Voices interactive exhibit", "url": "https://learning.thc.texas.gov/caddo-culture/interactive-illustration/", "publisher": "Texas Historical Commission, in collaboration with Caddo citizens", "type": "Community-collaborative public history", "topics": [ "Culture", "Contemporary life", "Caddo Mounds" ], "annotation": "This public exhibit says it was designed with Caddo citizens and features Caddo artist Chase Kahwinhut Earles. It connects selected knowledge about Caddo Mounds, the High Temple Mound, gardens, the grass house, and present gatherings; it is one collaborative interpretation, not a statement by every Caddo citizen.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "The visible exhibit text and chapters for High Temple Mound, prairie/garden, grass house, Low Platform Mound, and burial mound were inspected. Embedded external material and any cultural knowledge outside the public exhibit were not accessed.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p38-s5", "title": "Caddo Homeland: the Land and its Resources", "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/tejas/fundamentals/homeland.html", "publisher": "Texas Beyond History; Texas Archeological Research Laboratory and partners", "type": "Scholarly public-history exhibit", "topics": [ "Homeland", "History", "Archaeology" ], "annotation": "A detailed exhibit places Caddo communities within river systems and landscapes while explaining that territorial reach changed through time. Its map and text also distinguish a broad northern Arkansas Basin area where identity and archaeological classification are debated.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "The complete visible homeland page, its map caption, geographic description, and discussion of changing extent and disputed northern affiliation were read. The map is a scholarly exhibit, not a legal or present-day territorial boundary.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p38-s6", "title": "Caddo Ancestors: Uncovering Early Caddo History", "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/tejas/ancestors/", "publisher": "Texas Beyond History; Texas Archeological Research Laboratory and partners", "type": "Scholarly public-history exhibit", "topics": [ "History", "Archaeology" ], "annotation": "This exhibit overview explains its archaeological and historical questions, the long chronology it covers, and the uncertainty in reconstructing pre-written history. Its linked chapters offer a deeper reading path; only the overview was inspected for this review.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible overview and chapter descriptions were inspected; individual linked chapter pages were not read and are not claimed as inspected.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p38-s7", "title": "Caddo Timeline", "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/tejas/fundamentals/timeline.html", "publisher": "Texas Beyond History; Texas Archeological Research Laboratory and partners", "type": "Scholarly public-history synthesis", "topics": [ "History", "Archaeology", "Method" ], "annotation": "A chronological overview explains that archaeological timelines are useful scholarly tools but cannot capture most individual experiences or all events. It identifies the need to compare archaeology with oral, written, linguistic, and community evidence.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "The complete visible timeline page and its methodological caveats, chronology, captions, and cited source leads were read. Cited books and records were not independently inspected unless separately listed.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p38-s8", "title": "Caddo Homeland", "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/tejas/voices/images/homeland.html", "publisher": "Texas Beyond History; researched and written by Cecile Elkins Carter", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Homeland", "History" ], "annotation": "Cecile Elkins Carter, an enrolled Caddo historian, presents a Caddo-centered synthesis using oral history, archival records, and historical group names. The page distinguishes broad Caddo use from the narrower historical Cadohadacho label; these are attributed historical interpretations rather than a universal current naming rule.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible page and the separate credits page were read. Its account is Carter’s researched and written synthesis; underlying cited archives and all referenced books were not independently reviewed.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p38-s9", "title": "Twenty Years Without a Home, 1836–1859", "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/tejas/voices/without.html", "publisher": "Texas Beyond History; researched and written by Cecile Elkins Carter", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "History", "Removal", "Oral history" ], "annotation": "This page follows displacement and movement among Louisiana, Texas, the Brazos area, and Indian Territory using archival records and named Caddo testimony. Testimony from Fallis Elkins (1973) and Sadie Bedoka Weller (1968) is identified by speaker and date; it is situated family memory, not a generic or interchangeable Caddo story.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible page, narrative, map caption, archival references, and attributed oral-history excerpts were read. The complete recordings and all referenced primary records were not inspected.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p38-s10", "title": "Created in Clay: the Caddo Pottery Tradition", "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/tejas/clay/", "publisher": "Texas Beyond History; Texas Archeological Research Laboratory and partners", "type": "Scholarly public-history exhibit", "topics": [ "Culture", "Art", "Archaeology" ], "annotation": "This exhibit explains the archaeological importance of Caddo pottery and directs readers to a separate account of contemporary Caddo potter Jeri Redcorn’s practice. The archaeological framing and present-day artistic work are connected but should not be collapsed into a claim that cultural practices are unchanged.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible exhibit introduction and its described pottery galleries and linked sections were read. Gallery images and the separate pages are not counted as independently inspected here.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p38-s11", "title": "Reviving a Lost Tradition", "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/tejas/clay/reviving.html", "publisher": "Texas Beyond History; interview within the Created in Clay exhibit", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Culture", "Art", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Caddo potter Jeri Redcorn describes her own process of learning and reviving pottery practice and reflects on removals and boarding schools. This is a named person’s first-person account, not a claim that one maker speaks for all Caddo people.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "The complete visible interview page and credited contextual material were read. The profile attributes its reflections to Redcorn and does not reproduce restricted or unpublished material.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p38-s12", "title": "Learning About the Caddo Past", "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/tejas/fundamentals/learning.html", "publisher": "Texas Beyond History; Texas Archeological Research Laboratory and partners", "type": "Scholarly methods overview", "topics": [ "History", "Archaeology", "Source criticism" ], "annotation": "This methods essay describes the strengths and limitations of oral history, archaeology, linguistics, ethnography, and European accounts. It directly cautions that missionary and explorer records can reflect the authors’ motives and prejudices, a useful guide for interpreting older documentary sources.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "The complete visible essay, named source traditions, image captions, and bibliography leads were inspected. The books and archival documents it describes remain separate leads unless listed as inspected.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p38-s13", "title": "Treaty with the Caddoes, 1835 (7 Stat. 470)", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-7/pdf/STATUTE-7-Pg472.pdf", "publisher": "United States Statutes at Large, hosted by GovInfo", "type": "Primary legal record", "topics": [ "History", "Treaty", "Removal" ], "annotation": "The printed federal treaty text records the 1835 agreement, parties, cession, and supplementary articles. It is evidence of the document and federal legal framing; it cannot establish the views or experiences of every Caddo community, or by itself verify implementation.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "Both pages of the treaty text and supplementary articles were inspected. This is the published statutory transcription, not an examination of the signed manuscript or separate ratification and implementation files.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p38-s14", "title": "Caddo (Kadohadacho)", "url": "https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=CA003", "publisher": "Oklahoma Historical Society, Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture; Howard Meredith", "type": "Scholarly reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Governance" ], "annotation": "Howard Meredith’s entry concerns Kadohadacho in particular and describes its Red River villages and later participation in the 1938 Caddo government. Its narrower subject is valuable for distinguishing a historical community from the broader Caddo people, but it must not be generalized to all Caddo communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "The complete visible encyclopedia article, author attribution, publication date, and bibliography were read. Its references are not independently inspected here.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p38-s15", "title": "Caddo Nation of Oklahoma Tribal Guide", "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/content/dam/ok/en/osde/documents/resources/american-indian-education/Caddo%20Nation%20of%20Oklahoma%20Tribal%20Guide%20no%20standards.pdf", "publisher": "Oklahoma State Department of Education, Oklahoma Indian Education", "type": "Government educational guide", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "A 15-page education guide compiles Caddo history, removal, government, language, and cultural information. Its leadership and enrollment details are dated and must not be used as current facts; it serves here as a broad educational reference with historical scope.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "The complete 15-page PDF was reviewed. Page 11 identifies membership and leadership material dated to October 2010 and older estimates; those figures are excluded from the current synthesis. The guide does not identify a Caddo Nation author in the inspected pages.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p38-s16", "title": "Constitution and By-Laws of the Caddo Indian Tribe of Oklahoma, ratified 1938", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-I20-f5189fed66c13c5625939aabeea6a24f/pdf/GOVPUB-I20-f5189fed66c13c5625939aabeea6a24f.pdf", "publisher": "U.S. Office of Indian Affairs / GovInfo", "type": "Primary governance record", "topics": [ "History", "Governance" ], "annotation": "This primary document records the 1938 constitutional organization and its ratification. It is useful for a dated account of political reorganization, not a description of the Nation’s current constitution or government structure.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "The full seven-page document was read, including its preamble, membership/governance provisions, election rules, approval, and ratification certification.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p38-s17", "title": "Plan Your Visit to Caddo Mounds", "url": "https://thc.texas.gov/state-historic-sites/caddo-mounds/plan-your-visit-caddo-mounds", "publisher": "Texas Historical Commission and Caddo Nation of Oklahoma", "type": "Government and community partnership", "topics": [ "Contemporary life", "Caddo Mounds", "Public history" ], "annotation": "The state’s current visitor page documents the 2024 reopening and says the site is held in trust and actively managed by the Texas Historical Commission and Caddo Nation. This is a site-management and visitor account, not a general statement about Caddo government or land title elsewhere.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "The page sections on reopening, site management, public interpretation, and visits were read. Admission and schedule details are not reproduced because they can change.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p38-s18", "title": "History – Adai Caddo Indian Nation", "url": "https://adaicaddo.com/about/history/", "publisher": "Adai Caddo Indian Nation", "type": "Community reference (separate people / nation)", "topics": [ "Name clarification" ], "annotation": "This source belongs to the Adai Caddo Indian Nation access point, not the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma profile. It is retained only to help readers distinguish the separate Adai identity; its claims are not transferred to Caddo.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "The visible community history page was read previously in the Adai/Coahuiltecan research context; it is out of scope as evidence for the Caddo Nation and is excluded from the count.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p38-s19", "title": "Caddo Archeology Journal, volume 23", "url": "https://www.caddoconference.org/library/CAJ23.pdf", "publisher": "Caddo Conference Organization", "type": "Scholarly journal / conference publication", "topics": [ "Archaeology", "History" ], "annotation": "Potentially useful specialist reading, retained as a lead. The PDF could not be inspected in this review, so no contents are summarized and it does not count toward the substantive target.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "Automated open returned an internal error. This is not evidence of a reader paywall and no access control was bypassed; the work remains unread.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p38-constitution-project-2026", "title": "Caddo Constitution Project — community consultation and revision-process account", "url": "https://mycaddonation.com/constitution-project", "publisher": "Caddo Nation", "author": "Institutional project account; no individual byline supplied", "type": "Indigenous-led / governance and community participation", "topics": [ "Contemporary institutions", "Community participation", "Constitutional history", "Source perspective" ], "annotation": "The Nation explains its consultation and drafting process. This is a first-party account of institutional work and plans, rather than a consolidated constitution, an independently evaluated participation study or proof that proposed changes were adopted.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Complete main project body: Background, Phase I research/project initiation, Phase II citizen outreach and Phase III analysis/education/research/drafting, web lines 6–53; public contributor lists and linked-document titles encountered. Main-body text inspected, not merely a navigation index. Linked constitutions, amendments, slides, FAQ, surveys and Commission final report were not read or counted.", "dateBasis": "Publication/revision date unstated. The page describes stages covering 2024–2027; those are project dates, not publication dates. Observed October 27, 2026.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One substantive Nation-published project account with explanatory history of the consultation/revision process. Phases and linked documents are not separate source counts.", "perspective": "The Nation’s institutional description of its own project, with reported activities and intended next steps. Does not independently establish representativeness, legal effect, public agreement or achieved outcomes.", "accessStatus": "Public readable English HTML; linked project documents not inspected", "accessNotes": "Actual HTML body read through the publisher page. The linked slides and FAQ returned reader cache errors; ordinary direct downloads could not verify the certificate chain and were stopped without overriding security checks. This is not evidence of a reader paywall. Underlying citizen responses, meeting records and final report remain unread. No current membership total, officeholder eligibility, consolidated governing provisions, amendment adoption, election result or jurisdiction finding is asserted.", "citation": "Caddo Nation. Constitution Project. Undated project webpage describing 2024–2027 stages. Main body reviewed October 27, 2026.", "rightsNotes": "Link and brief paraphrase only; no original documents, logo, photographs, survey responses or personal information reproduced.", "language": "en" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "researched", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "The selected community-published constitutional-project account adds a contemporary institutional perspective to the earlier seventeen-work foundation. It improves the explanation of ongoing community participation without establishing current governing provisions or adoption of proposals. Post-removal history, separately named communities and further community-directed work remain uneven; the guide remains Still unfinished. Source quantity does not establish completion, community review or endorsement.", "remainingLimits": [ "The Nation’s constitutional-project account now adds a contemporary participation perspective. Community-directed post-removal histories, underlying survey/report evidence and a separately verified governing-text/amendment review remain needed.", "The post-removal history, including the Civil War, allotment, federal policy, and the 1860–1902 period, needs deeper work with Caddo-centered and archival sources.", "The three historical confederacies and named local communities are not fully surveyed here; terms vary across oral history, colonial records, and later scholarship.", "The 1835 treaty is read as a printed statutory text only; signed manuscript, ratification files, later agreements, and implementation records were not separately inspected.", "The Caddo Archeology Journal PDF was inaccessible to the text-review tool and remains an unread lead; this does not establish a paywall.", "Archaeological interpretations of ancestral continuity and the northern Arkansas Basin remain debated; no fixed homeland boundary is asserted.", "No present population figure, current fluent-speaker count, exhaustive community list, or claim of community endorsement is made.", "The project describes a planned 2026–2027 drafting phase. Linked project documents, surveys, the Commission final report and any later ballot/adoption result were not inspected; a project description is not evidence of enacted constitutional change." ] }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Reviewed October 22, 2026 (America/Denver): 17 substantive works have actual-content inspection records; two supporting or out-of-scope references are excluded from the count. Links from a source bibliography and external embedded media are not treated as reviewed.", "The source set combines Caddo Nation program material, Caddo historian Cecile Elkins Carter’s attributed oral-history/archival synthesis, identified first-person testimony, government interpretation, archaeology education, a primary treaty printing, and a dated constitution. Their scopes and perspectives are labeled at the source cards.", "The language family is not a peoplehood shortcut: Caddo Nation materials state that Pawnee, Wichita, Arikara, and Kitsai are linguistically related yet distinct Nations. The Adai Caddo Indian Nation source is retained only as an explicit distinction and contributes no Caddo evidence or source count.", "The 1835 treaty and 1938 constitution are primary records for their own text and dates. They are not treated as complete accounts of community experience or current law/governance. The 2010-era OSDE figures are excluded from current claims.", "No new historical-map association was added. The NPS early-history page and Texas Beyond History exhibits contain map imagery, but map inspection, rights review, and a profile-specific association were outside this research batch." ], "researchGaps": [ "The Nation’s constitutional-project account now adds a contemporary participation perspective. Community-directed post-removal histories, underlying survey/report evidence and a separately verified governing-text/amendment review remain needed.", "The post-removal history, including the Civil War, allotment, federal policy, and the 1860–1902 period, needs deeper work with Caddo-centered and archival sources.", "The three historical confederacies and named local communities are not fully surveyed here; terms vary across oral history, colonial records, and later scholarship.", "The 1835 treaty is read as a printed statutory text only; signed manuscript, ratification files, later agreements, and implementation records were not separately inspected.", "The Caddo Archeology Journal PDF was inaccessible to the text-review tool and remains an unread lead; this does not establish a paywall.", "Archaeological interpretations of ancestral continuity and the northern Arkansas Basin remain debated; no fixed homeland boundary is asserted.", "No present population figure, current fluent-speaker count, exhaustive community list, or claim of community endorsement is made.", "The project describes a planned 2026–2027 drafting phase. Linked project documents, surveys, the Commission final report and any later ballot/adoption result were not inspected; a project description is not evidence of enacted constitutional change." ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "compiledAt": "2026-10-27", "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "hasinai", "cadohadacho" ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-01", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p38-s8", "reason": "Caddo historian Cecile Elkins Carter’s homeland synthesis introduces naming, oral history and archival interpretation from an attributed Caddo perspective." }, { "sourceId": "p38-s9", "reason": "This displacement history connects the 1836–1859 movements with named and dated Caddo testimony." }, { "sourceId": "p38-s11", "reason": "Jeri Redcorn’s first-person account connects pottery practice, learning and historical disruption through one maker’s experience." }, { "sourceId": "p38-s2", "reason": "The Nation’s language program explains continuing work and why related Caddoan-speaking nations remain separate peoples." } ], "scopeNote": "Caddo people, the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, historical confederacies and the narrower Cadohadacho label have different scopes; related Caddoan languages do not merge neighboring nations. Exhibit testimony is situated, and its original recordings and archives were not separately inspected.", "reviewRationale": "The existing collection supports a useful bounded guide led by Caddo historical writing, named testimony, artistic experience and the Nation’s language work; post-removal and governance gaps remain substantial.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Post-removal history, constituent historical communities and the debated northern Arkansas Basin affiliation need deeper community-centered comparison.", "The constitutional-project page describes consultation and planned drafting, not adopted changes; the inaccessible journal remains an unread lead." ], "imageRecordId": "caddo-catlin-cross-timbers-saam", "reviewBasis": "Review of existing actual-content source records, retained evidence ledgers and image identification/rights records. No new original-source inspection count, fresh image inspection or comprehensive completion is implied.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false }, "added": false, "slug": "caddo", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-TX", "name": "Texas", "key": "us-tx" } ] }, { "name": "Caddo Nation of Oklahoma", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Oklahoma", "overview": "Caddo Nation of Oklahoma has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "caddo-nation-of-oklahoma", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "name": "Cadohadacho", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-27", "kind": "Historical Caddo community grouping", "region": "Red River great bend (historical)", "overview": "Cadohadacho, often written Kadohadacho in the selected scholarship, is a historical Caddo community grouping associated with the great bend of Red River. Carter’s Caddo-centered history and Meredith’s focused encyclopedia article help distinguish this narrower historical name from broader uses of Caddo. This reading route does not establish a separate current government or an individual lineage.", "relationshipNote": "Cadohadacho is individually named in the Caddo Voices account as a historical Caddo branch along the great bend of Red River. This separate name-only reading route does not identify a separate present-day tribal government, fix a boundary or establish individual descent. The broader Caddo guide remains related reading.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "A particular historical name within Caddo history", "text": "Carter distinguishes Cadohadacho along Red River from Hasinai in East Texas and from other Caddo branches. Meredith’s article uses Kadohadacho and describes a cluster of villages across the area now divided among southwestern Arkansas, northeastern Texas and southeastern Oklahoma. The spelling variation is a source-naming bridge, not a new people count. These accounts should be compared in their historical setting rather than turning the broad Caddo name into a uniform political identity for every period.", "sourceIds": [ "p38-s8", "p38-s14" ] }, { "title": "River communities, food and exchange", "text": "Meredith describes food surpluses and manufactured goods supporting domestic life and trade, including crops, bows and pottery. This offers a practical introduction to Red River towns alongside the diplomatic history in Carter’s account. The modern photograph near Lewisville, Arkansas, supplies regional Red River landscape context. It identifies neither a historical village nor the makers of any artifact, and its highway bridge is modern infrastructure. The complete frame is retained without transforming today’s riverbank into a claimed community boundary or current landholding.", "sourceIds": [ "p38-s14", "p38-s8" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p38-s8", "title": "Caddo Homeland", "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/tejas/voices/images/homeland.html", "publisher": "Texas Beyond History; researched and written by Cecile Elkins Carter", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Homeland", "History" ], "annotation": "Cecile Elkins Carter, an enrolled Caddo historian, presents a Caddo-centered synthesis using oral history, archival records, and historical group names. The page distinguishes broad Caddo use from the narrower historical Cadohadacho label; these are attributed historical interpretations rather than a universal current naming rule.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible page and the separate credits page were read. Its account is Carter’s researched and written synthesis; underlying cited archives and all referenced books were not independently reviewed.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p38-s14", "title": "Caddo (Kadohadacho)", "url": "https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=CA003", "publisher": "Oklahoma Historical Society, Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture; Howard Meredith", "type": "Scholarly reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Governance" ], "annotation": "Howard Meredith’s entry concerns Kadohadacho in particular and describes its Red River villages and later participation in the 1938 Caddo government. Its narrower subject is valuable for distinguishing a historical community from the broader Caddo people, but it must not be generalized to all Caddo communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "The complete visible encyclopedia article, author attribution, publication date, and bibliography were read. Its references are not independently inspected here.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-27", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/tejas/voices/images/homeland.html", "publisher": "Texas Beyond History / Texas Archeological Research Laboratory; Caddo Voices account by Cecile Elkins Carter", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "scope": "Selected actual main-body paragraphs on named Caddo communities and three branches (page lines24–28), plus context through31. Names Cadohadacho along the great bend of Red River and Hasinai in east Texas. This is a community-authored historical synthesis, not a current government list or a territorial survey. Original colonial records, images and map boundaries not reviewed. Authorship is retained from the existing inspected Caddo source/credits record; the page-relative credits link returned404 in this follow-up.", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 38 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "caddo" ], "researchGaps": [ "Compare the historical village, diplomatic and movement accounts with underlying records and further community-specific work.", "Add public Cadohadacho/Kadohadacho family and language histories with speaker/author and publication context.", "The image is modern regional river context, not an identified ancestral settlement, proof of present ownership or a precise homeland boundary." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded historical-community starting path with selected actual-content works, attributed perspectives and explicitly scoped imagery. No fixed source minimum, comprehensive completion, current subgroup government or individual descent is claimed.", "remainingLimits": [ "Compare the historical village, diplomatic and movement accounts with underlying records and further community-specific work.", "Add public Cadohadacho/Kadohadacho family and language histories with speaker/author and publication context.", "The image is modern regional river context, not an identified ancestral settlement, proof of present ownership or a precise homeland boundary." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p38-s8", "p38-s14" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-03", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p38-s8", "reason": "Begin with Carter’s Caddo-centered distinctions among historical communities and regional names." }, { "sourceId": "p38-s14", "reason": "Continue with Meredith’s specifically Kadohadacho article; its narrower subject should remain visible." } ], "scopeNote": "Historical people/community grouping; broader Caddo or Wichita access points are related reading. No automatic subgroup identity is assigned to an umbrella source, historical picture or current government.", "reviewBasis": "New actual-content scopes are separately dated; exact existing source objects retain their original dates/scopes. Image identification, rights and complete delivered frames are recorded separately.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "remainingQuestions": [ "Compare the historical village, diplomatic and movement accounts with underlying records and further community-specific work.", "Add public Cadohadacho/Kadohadacho family and language histories with speaker/author and publication context.", "The image is modern regional river context, not an identified ancestral settlement, proof of present ownership or a precise homeland boundary." ], "imageRecordId": "cadohadacho-red-river-nunnally-2012-context" }, "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "p38-s8", "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "originalContentReviewScope": "The full visible page and the separate credits page were read. Its account is Carter’s researched and written synthesis; underlying cited archives and all referenced books were not independently reviewed.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "inspectionBasis": "Exact existing inspected source object preserved. Selection for this historical-community route does not claim a fresh whole-source review or another global work. Only specifically relevant statements are synthesized." }, { "sourceId": "p38-s14", "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "originalContentReviewScope": "The complete visible encyclopedia article, author attribution, publication date, and bibliography were read. Its references are not independently inspected here.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "inspectionBasis": "Exact existing inspected source object preserved. Selection for this historical-community route does not claim a fresh whole-source review or another global work. Only specifically relevant statements are synthesized." } ], "evidenceNotes": [ "This reviewed starting guide records selected actual-content sources, their perspectives and access limits. Reused earlier reviews retain their original dates/scopes; images and repeated URLs do not create new historical works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "cadohadacho", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [] }, { "originalId": 39, "name": "Cahuilla", "region": "California", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Cahuilla people continue through multiple distinct communities and tribal governments in southern California.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Cahuilla people continue through multiple distinct communities and tribal governments in southern California.", "sourceIds": [ "p39-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Local nations, Cahuilla language, homelands and community-authored history. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p39-s1", "p39-s2", "p39-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p39-s1", "title": "History – Cahuilla Band of Indians | Tribal Sovereign Nation", "publisher": "cahuilla-nsn.gov", "url": "https://cahuilla-nsn.gov/about/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History – Cahuilla Band of Indians | Tribal Sovereign Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p39-s2", "title": "Cultural – Cahuilla Band of Indians | Tribal Sovereign Nation", "publisher": "cahuilla-nsn.gov", "url": "https://cahuilla-nsn.gov/tribal-administration/cultural/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Cultural – Cahuilla Band of Indians | Tribal Sovereign Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p39-s3", "title": "Augustine Band of Cahuilla Indians", "publisher": "tribe.augustinetribe-nsn.gov", "url": "https://tribe.augustinetribe-nsn.gov/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Augustine Band of Cahuilla Indians” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "cahuilla", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "California Valley Miwok Tribe, California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "California Valley Miwok Tribe, California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "california-valley-miwok-tribe-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 40, "name": "Calusa", "region": "Southeast / Florida", "kind": "Historical people / name", "overview": "Calusa history is associated with southwest Florida’s coastal and estuarine environments.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Calusa history is associated with southwest Florida’s coastal and estuarine environments.", "sourceIds": [ "p40-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Archaeological evidence, political relationships, colonial accounts and the limits of the archive. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p40-s1", "p40-s2", "p40-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p40-s1", "title": "Tell Me About: The Calusa Tribe – Thompson Earth Systems Institute", "publisher": "floridamuseum.ufl.edu", "url": "https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/earth-systems/blog/tell-me-about-the-calusa-tribe/", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Tell Me About: The Calusa Tribe – Thompson Earth Systems Institute” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p40-s2", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Calusa", "publisher": "ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu", "url": "https://ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu/UF/00/01/46/06/00002/UF00014606_00002.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Calusa” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p40-s3", "title": "The Calusa (U.S. National Park Service)", "publisher": "home.nps.gov", "url": "https://home.nps.gov/people/calusa.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “The Calusa (U.S. National Park Service)” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "calusa", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-FL", "name": "Florida", "key": "us-fl" } ] }, { "name": "Campo Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Campo Indian Reservation, California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Campo Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Campo Indian Reservation, California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "campo-band-of-diegueno-mission-indians-of-the-campo-indian-reservation-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 41, "name": "Carrier", "region": "British Columbia", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Carrier is an outside name often used for Dakelh peoples. Community and language distinctions matter across central British Columbia.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Carrier is an outside name often used for Dakelh peoples. Community and language distinctions matter across central British Columbia.", "sourceIds": [ "p41-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Dakelh self-designation, language resources and individual First Nation histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p41-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p41-s1", "title": "Canada and Carrier Sekani First Nations advance reconciliation with signing of Letter of Understanding - Canada.ca", "publisher": "canada.ca", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/crown-indigenous-relations-northern-affairs/news/2019/01/canada-and-carrier-sekani-first-nations-advance-reconciliation-with-signing-of-letter-of-understanding.html", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Canada and Carrier Sekani First Nations advance reconciliation with signing of Letter of Understanding - Canada.ca” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 339 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "carrier", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 42, "name": "Catawba", "region": "Southeast / Carolinas", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Catawba Nation is a contemporary tribal nation with deep connections to the Carolinas.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Catawba Nation is a contemporary tribal nation with deep connections to the Carolinas.", "sourceIds": [ "p42-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Catawba-authored history, language, pottery, land and governance. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p42-s1", "p42-s2", "p42-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p42-s1", "title": "History and Culture – New River Catawba", "publisher": "newrivercatawba.org", "url": "https://newrivercatawba.org/history-of-our-tribe/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History and Culture – New River Catawba” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p42-s2", "title": "Saponi-Catawba History | Saponi-CatawbaNation", "publisher": "saponi-catawbanation.org", "url": "https://www.saponi-catawbanation.org/about-3-1", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Saponi-Catawba History | Saponi-CatawbaNation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p42-s3", "title": "The Catawba Nation - About The Nation", "publisher": "catawba.com", "url": "https://www.catawba.com/about-the-nation", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “The Catawba Nation - About The Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "catawba", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NC", "name": "North Carolina", "key": "us-nc" }, { "id": "US-SC", "name": "South Carolina", "key": "us-sc" }, { "id": "US-VA", "name": "Virginia", "key": "us-va" } ] }, { "originalId": 43, "name": "Caxcan", "region": "Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Caxcan history is associated with western and north-central Mexico. Contemporary catalogues and community accounts add context beyond colonial-era histories.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Caxcan history is associated with western and north-central Mexico. Contemporary catalogues and community accounts add context beyond colonial-era histories.", "sourceIds": [ "p43-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Caxcan naming, colonial conflict and current community self-identification. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p43-s1", "p43-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p43-s1", "title": "Caxcan – Catálogo Nacional de Pueblos y Comunidades Indígenas y Afromexicanas", "publisher": "catalogo.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://catalogo.inpi.gob.mx/caxcan/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Caxcan – Catálogo Nacional de Pueblos y Comunidades Indígenas y Afromexicanas” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p43-s2", "title": "Native-Land.ca | Our home on native land", "publisher": "native-land.ca", "url": "https://native-land.ca/listings/territories/caxcan?lang=fa", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Native-Land.ca | Our home on native land” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "caxcan", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 44, "name": "Cayuga", "region": "Northeast / Haudenosaunee", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Cayuga is one of the Haudenosaunee nations. Different Cayuga communities and governing institutions require distinct treatment.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Cayuga is one of the Haudenosaunee nations. Different Cayuga communities and governing institutions require distinct treatment.", "sourceIds": [ "p44-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Gayogo̱hó꞉nǫʼ identity, language, homelands and Haudenosaunee relationships. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p44-s1", "p44-s2", "p44-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p44-s1", "title": "History & Culture – Cayuga Nation", "publisher": "cayuganation-nsn.gov", "url": "https://cayuganation-nsn.gov/history-culture/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History & Culture – Cayuga Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p44-s2", "title": "Happy 250th Birthday, America! The Cayuga Nation has shared in your history and congratulates you. – Cayuga Nation", "publisher": "cayuganation-nsn.gov", "url": "https://cayuganation-nsn.gov/happy-250th-birthday-america-the-cayuga-nation-has-shared-in-your-history-and-congratulates-you/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Happy 250th Birthday, America! The Cayuga Nation has shared in your history and congratulates you. – Cayuga Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p44-s3", "title": "Cayuga Nation of the Haudenosaunee", "publisher": "haudenosauneeconfederacy.com", "url": "https://www.haudenosauneeconfederacy.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Newsletter-12.31.14.FINAL-1.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Cayuga Nation of the Haudenosaunee” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 268, 269, 341, 221, 411 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "cayuga", "regionGroups": [ "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NY", "name": "New York", "key": "us-ny" } ] }, { "originalId": 45, "name": "Cayuse", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Oregon / Washington", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Cayuse people are one of the constituent peoples of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Cayuse people are one of the constituent peoples of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation.", "sourceIds": [ "p45-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Cayuse perspectives on colonial encounters, language and contemporary confederated government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p45-s1", "p45-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p45-s1", "title": "Cayuse Indians - HistoryLink.org", "publisher": "historylink.org", "url": "https://historylink.org/File/10365", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Cayuse Indians - HistoryLink.org” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p45-s2", "title": "Native-Land.ca | Our home on native land", "publisher": "native-land.ca", "url": "https://native-land.ca/listings/territories/cayuse-umatilla-and-walla-walla", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Native-Land.ca | Our home on native land” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 416, 424 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "cayuse", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" } ] }, { "name": "Cedarville Rancheria, California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Cedarville Rancheria, California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "cedarville-rancheria-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 46, "name": "Chakchiuma", "region": "Southeast / Mississippi", "kind": "Historical people / name", "overview": "Chakchiuma is a historical people name in the Mississippi region. Its later relationships should be investigated through specific historical sources.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Chakchiuma is a historical people name in the Mississippi region. Its later relationships should be investigated through specific historical sources.", "sourceIds": [ "p46-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Names in colonial records and relationships with Chickasaw and Choctaw histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p46-s1", "p46-s2", "p46-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p46-s1", "title": "Chokma! (Hello) | Chickasaw Cultural Center", "publisher": "chickasawculturalcenter.com", "url": "https://www.chickasawculturalcenter.com/learn/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Chokma! (Hello) | Chickasaw Cultural Center” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p46-s2", "title": "History | Chickasaw Nation", "publisher": "chickasaw.net", "url": "https://www.chickasaw.net/our-nation/history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History | Chickasaw Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p46-s3", "title": "The Chickasaw Nation - The Decades and the Villages - 1720 - 1730 - Paper 1", "publisher": "thechickasawvillages.com", "url": "https://www.thechickasawvillages.com/decades1720_1730.html", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “The Chickasaw Nation - The Decades and the Villages - 1720 - 1730 - Paper 1” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 55, 65 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "chakchiuma", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MS", "name": "Mississippi", "key": "us-ms" } ] }, { "name": "Chalkyitsik Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Chalkyitsik Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 820; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "chalkyitsik-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 47, "name": "Chalon", "region": "California", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Chalon is a community name associated with the central California region and Ohlone-related histories.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Chalon is a community name associated with the central California region and Ohlone-related histories.", "sourceIds": [ "p47-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-authored identity, homelands and historical language labels. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p47-s1", "p47-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p47-s1", "title": "Chalon Tribe", "publisher": "chalontribe.com", "url": "https://chalontribe.com/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Chalon Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p47-s2", "title": "Glottolog 5.3 - Chalon", "publisher": "glottolog.org", "url": "https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/chal1270", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Glottolog 5.3 - Chalon” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "chalon", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 48, "name": "Chatino", "region": "Mexico / Oaxaca", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Chatino people live in Oaxaca and diaspora communities. Their languages and local identities are diverse.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Chatino people live in Oaxaca and diaspora communities. Their languages and local identities are diverse.", "sourceIds": [ "p48-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Chatino language varieties, community histories and migration. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p48-s1", "p48-s2", "p48-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p48-s1", "title": "CHATINO LANGUAGES IN SONOMA COUNTY", "publisher": "sonoma.courts.ca.gov", "url": "https://sonoma.courts.ca.gov/system/files/general/chatino-language-info-sheet.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “CHATINO LANGUAGES IN SONOMA COUNTY” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p48-s2", "title": "Chatino : Lenguas indígenas México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura", "publisher": "sic.cultura.gob.mx", "url": "https://sic.cultura.gob.mx/ficha.php?disciplina=&table=inali_li&table_id=3", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Chatino : Lenguas indígenas México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p48-s3", "title": "ChaꞋ jnaꞋa (chatino) : Inventario del patrimonio cultural inmaterial México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura", "publisher": "sic.cultura.gob.mx", "url": "https://sic.cultura.gob.mx/ficha.php?disciplina=&table=frpintangible&table_id=721", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “ChaꞋ jnaꞋa (chatino) : Inventario del patrimonio cultural inmaterial México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "chatino", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "Chawathil First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community government", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Chawathil First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community government in the BC Assembly of First Nations community directory. Directory inclusion and administrative region do not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or a relationship to every broader people label.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body: exact selected name and its region label at lines 99-101; page heading at line 11 supplies British Columbia context. Only selected name/administrative-region content used. No linked histories, affiliation claims, images, interactive map operation or government-power analysis reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "chawathil-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Cheam First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community government", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Cheam First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community government in the BC Assembly of First Nations community directory. Directory inclusion and administrative region do not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or a relationship to every broader people label.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body: exact selected name and its region label at lines 103-105; page heading at line 11 supplies British Columbia context. Only selected name/administrative-region content used. No linked histories, affiliation claims, images, interactive map operation or government-power analysis reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "cheam-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Cheesh-Na Tribe", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Cheesh-Na Tribe has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 821; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "cheeshna-tribe", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 49, "name": "Chehalis", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Washington", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Chehalis people have homelands in western Washington. Lower and Upper Chehalis histories and contemporary institutions need distinction.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Chehalis people have homelands in western Washington. Lower and Upper Chehalis histories and contemporary institutions need distinction.", "sourceIds": [ "p49-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Chehalis language, river homelands and the Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p49-s1", "p49-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p49-s1", "title": "People of the Sands - The Chehalis Tribe", "publisher": "chehalistribe.org", "url": "https://www.chehalistribe.org/our-story/people-of-the-sands/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “People of the Sands - The Chehalis Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p49-s2", "title": "Community & Culture - Chehalis Tribe", "publisher": "chehalistribe.org", "url": "https://www.chehalistribe.org/department/community-culture/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Community & Culture - Chehalis Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "chehalis", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "originalId": 50, "name": "Chemehuevi", "region": "Southwest / California / Arizona", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Chemehuevi people have relationships to the Mojave Desert and Colorado River region and are associated with Southern Paiute language and history.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Chemehuevi people have relationships to the Mojave Desert and Colorado River region and are associated with Southern Paiute language and history.", "sourceIds": [ "p50-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-specific histories, desert homelands and contemporary tribal governments. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p50-s1", "p50-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p50-s1", "title": "Joshua Tree NP: Native American Ethnography And Ethnohistory (Chemehuevi)", "publisher": "npshistory.com", "url": "https://www.npshistory.com/publications/jotr/bean-vane/history5.htm", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Joshua Tree NP: Native American Ethnography And Ethnohistory (Chemehuevi)” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p50-s2", "title": "Chemehuevi | Smithsonian Institution", "publisher": "si.edu", "url": "https://www.si.edu/es/object/archives/components/sova-naa-1976-95-ref14367", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Chemehuevi | Smithsonian Institution” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "chemehuevi", "regionGroups": [ "California", "Southwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Chemehuevi Indian Tribe of the Chemehuevi Reservation, California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Chemehuevi Indian Tribe of the Chemehuevi Reservation, California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "chemehuevi-indian-tribe-of-the-chemehuevi-reservation-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Cher-Ae Heights Indian Community of the Trinidad Rancheria, California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Cher-Ae Heights Indian Community of the Trinidad Rancheria, California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "cherae-heights-indian-community-of-the-trinidad-rancheria-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 51, "name": "Cherokee", "region": "Southeast / Oklahoma / North Carolina", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Cherokee people continue through multiple distinct nations and communities. No single government should stand in for the whole people.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Cherokee people continue through multiple distinct nations and communities. No single government should stand in for the whole people.", "sourceIds": [ "p51-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Cherokee-authored removal histories, language and syllabary, and distinct contemporary governments. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p51-s1", "p51-s2", "p51-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p51-s1", "title": "Cherokee Nation History", "publisher": "umbraco.cherokee.org", "url": "https://umbraco.cherokee.org/about-the-nation/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Cherokee Nation History” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p51-s2", "title": "Cherokee Nation: History", "publisher": "cherokee.gov", "url": "https://cherokee.gov/about-the-nation/frequently-asked-questions/history/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Cherokee Nation: History” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p51-s3", "title": "Cherokee Nation: Language Programs", "publisher": "language.cherokee.gov", "url": "https://language.cherokee.gov/language-programs/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Cherokee Nation: Language Programs” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "cherokee", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains", "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AL", "name": "Alabama", "key": "us-al" }, { "id": "US-GA", "name": "Georgia", "key": "us-ga" }, { "id": "US-KY", "name": "Kentucky", "key": "us-ky" }, { "id": "US-NC", "name": "North Carolina", "key": "us-nc" }, { "id": "US-TN", "name": "Tennessee", "key": "us-tn" }, { "id": "US-VA", "name": "Virginia", "key": "us-va" } ] }, { "name": "Cheslatta Carrier Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community government", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Cheslatta Carrier Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community government in the BC Assembly of First Nations community directory. Directory inclusion and administrative region do not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or a relationship to every broader people label.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body: exact selected name and its region label at lines 107-109; page heading at line 11 supplies British Columbia context. Only selected name/administrative-region content used. No linked histories, affiliation claims, images, interactive map operation or government-power analysis reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "cheslatta-carrier-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Chevak Native Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Chevak Native Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 823; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "chevak-native-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 52, "name": "Cheyenne", "region": "Great Plains", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Cheyenne people continue through northern and southern communities with distinct political histories.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Cheyenne people continue through northern and southern communities with distinct political histories.", "sourceIds": [ "p52-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Tsitsistas and Suhtai names, Cheyenne language, land and northern and southern institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p52-s1", "p52-s2", "p52-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p52-s1", "title": "Cheyenne, Southern | Encyclopedia", "publisher": "okhistory.org", "url": "https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=CH030", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Cheyenne, Southern | Encyclopedia” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p52-s2", "title": "Language and Culture | Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes", "publisher": "cheyenneandarapaho-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.cheyenneandarapaho-nsn.gov/language-culture", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Language and Culture | Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p52-s3", "title": "Office of the Governor | Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes", "publisher": "cheyenneandarapaho-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.cheyenneandarapaho-nsn.gov/executive/office-of-the-governor", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Office of the Governor | Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "cheyenne", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MT", "name": "Montana", "key": "us-mt" } ] }, { "name": "Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes, Oklahoma", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Oklahoma", "overview": "Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes, Oklahoma has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "cheyenne-and-arapaho-tribes-oklahoma", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "name": "Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe of the Cheyenne River Reservation, South Dakota", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "South Dakota", "overview": "Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe of the Cheyenne River Reservation, South Dakota has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "cheyenne-river-sioux-tribe-of-the-cheyenne-river-reservation-south-dakota", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-SD", "name": "South Dakota", "key": "us-sd" } ] }, { "originalId": 53, "name": "Chiaha", "region": "Southeast", "kind": "Historical people / name", "overview": "Chiaha is a historical town and people name appearing in southeastern accounts and the wider Muscogee world.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Chiaha is a historical town and people name appearing in southeastern accounts and the wider Muscogee world.", "sourceIds": [ "p53-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Different uses of the name, early colonial accounts and later Creek town histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p53-s1", "p53-s2", "p53-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p53-s1", "title": "Chiaha — History of Marion County, Tennessee", "publisher": "mctnhistory.com", "url": "https://www.mctnhistory.com/history/chiaha", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Chiaha — History of Marion County, Tennessee” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p53-s2", "title": "Chiaha Language and the Chiaha Indian Tribe", "publisher": "native-languages.org", "url": "https://www.native-languages.org/chiaha.htm", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Chiaha Language and the Chiaha Indian Tribe” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p53-s3", "title": "Chiaha | Social Sciences and Humanities | Research Starters | EBSCO Research", "publisher": "ebsco.com", "url": "https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/social-sciences-and-humanities/chiaha", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Chiaha | Social Sciences and Humanities | Research Starters | EBSCO Research” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "chiaha", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-TN", "name": "Tennessee", "key": "us-tn" } ] }, { "originalId": 54, "name": "Chichimeca Jonaz", "region": "Mexico / Guanajuato", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Chichimeca Jonaz refers to a distinct people and language community, rather than every people historically called Chichimeca.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Chichimeca Jonaz refers to a distinct people and language community, rather than every people historically called Chichimeca.", "sourceIds": [ "p54-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Úza-related self-designation, language and community histories in Guanajuato. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p54-s1", "p54-s2", "p54-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p54-s1", "title": "Presentó el Inali en la localidad de Misión de Chichimecas la Norma de escritura de la lengua úza' (Chichimeco Jonaz)-2025", "publisher": "inali.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inali.gob.mx/detalle/presento-el-inali-en-la-localidad-de-mision-de-chichimecas-la-norma-de-escritura-de-la-lengua-uza-chichimeco-jonaz", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Presentó el Inali en la localidad de Misión de Chichimecas la Norma de escritura de la lengua úza' (Chichimeco Jonaz)-2025” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p54-s2", "title": "Chichimeco jonaz : Lenguas indígenas México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura", "publisher": "sic.cultura.gob.mx", "url": "https://sic.cultura.gob.mx/ficha.php?disciplina=&table=inali_li&table_id=4", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Chichimeco jonaz : Lenguas indígenas México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p54-s3", "title": "Endangered Languages Project - Chichimeca-Jonaz", "publisher": "elcat.colo.hawaii.edu", "url": "https://elcat.colo.hawaii.edu/lang/3457", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Endangered Languages Project - Chichimeca-Jonaz” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "chichimeca-jonaz", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "Chickaloon Native Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Chickaloon Native Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 825; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "chickaloon-native-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 55, "name": "Chickasaw", "region": "Southeast / Oklahoma", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Chickasaw Nation is a contemporary nation with southeastern homelands and a history of forced removal to Indian Territory.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Chickasaw Nation is a contemporary nation with southeastern homelands and a history of forced removal to Indian Territory.", "sourceIds": [ "p55-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Chickasaw-authored history, Chikashshanompaʼ language, sovereignty and cultural institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p55-s1", "p55-s2", "p55-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p55-s1", "title": "History | Chickasaw Nation", "publisher": "chickasaw.net", "url": "https://www.chickasaw.net/our-nation/history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History | Chickasaw Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p55-s2", "title": "Chokma! (Hello) | Chickasaw Cultural Center", "publisher": "chickasawculturalcenter.com", "url": "https://www.chickasawculturalcenter.com/learn/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Chokma! (Hello) | Chickasaw Cultural Center” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p55-s3", "title": "The Chickasaw Nation - The Decades and the Villages - 1720 - 1730 - Paper 1", "publisher": "thechickasawvillages.com", "url": "https://www.thechickasawvillages.com/decades1720_1730.html", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “The Chickasaw Nation - The Decades and the Villages - 1720 - 1730 - Paper 1” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "chickasaw", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains", "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AL", "name": "Alabama", "key": "us-al" }, { "id": "US-KY", "name": "Kentucky", "key": "us-ky" }, { "id": "US-MS", "name": "Mississippi", "key": "us-ms" }, { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" }, { "id": "US-TN", "name": "Tennessee", "key": "us-tn" } ] }, { "name": "Chicken Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Chicken Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "chicken-ranch-rancheria-of-mewuk-indians-of-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Chignik Bay Tribal Council", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Chignik Bay Tribal Council has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 827; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "chignik-bay-tribal-council", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Chignik Lake Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Chignik Lake Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 829; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "chignik-lake-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 56, "name": "Chilcotin (Tŝilhqot'in)", "region": "British Columbia", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tŝilhqot’in is a people’s own name used alongside Chilcotin. Tŝilhqot’in institutions connect language, history and territory.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tŝilhqot’in is a people’s own name used alongside Chilcotin. Tŝilhqot’in institutions connect language, history and territory.", "sourceIds": [ "p56-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community governments, language and territorial histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p56-s1", "p56-s2", "p56-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p56-s1", "title": "Tŝilhqot’in Language & Culture", "publisher": "tsilhqotin.ca", "url": "https://tsilhqotin.ca/our-nation/language-and-culture/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Tŝilhqot’in Language & Culture” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p56-s2", "title": "Language Revitalization Plan February 3, 2026 - Tŝilhqot’in National Government", "publisher": "tsilhqotin.ca", "url": "https://tsilhqotin.ca/publications/language-revitalization-plan-february-3-2026/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Government" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Language Revitalization Plan February 3, 2026 - Tŝilhqot’in National Government” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p56-s3", "title": "Tŝilhqot’in Language Hub", "publisher": "tsilhqotinlanguage.ca", "url": "https://www.tsilhqotinlanguage.ca/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Tŝilhqot’in Language Hub” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "chilcotin-tsilhqotin", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 57, "name": "Chilula", "region": "California", "kind": "Historical people / name", "overview": "Chilula is a historical people and language name in northwestern California, associated with Redwood Creek.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Chilula is a historical people and language name in northwestern California, associated with Redwood Creek.", "sourceIds": [ "p57-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Local homelands, colonial violence, language records and descendant connections. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p57-s1", "p57-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p57-s1", "title": "Language Description Heritage - Language Hupa-Chilula", "publisher": "ldh.clld.org", "url": "https://ldh.clld.org/languages/hup", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Language Description Heritage - Language Hupa-Chilula” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p57-s2", "title": "Hupa Language and the Hupa Indian Tribe (Hoopa, Chilula-Whilkut)", "publisher": "native-languages.org", "url": "https://www.native-languages.org/hupa.htm", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Hupa Language and the Hupa Indian Tribe (Hoopa, Chilula-Whilkut)” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "chilula", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 58, "name": "Chimariko", "region": "California", "kind": "Historical people / name", "overview": "Chimariko is a people and language name associated with the Trinity River region of northern California.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Chimariko is a people and language name associated with the Trinity River region of northern California.", "sourceIds": [ "p58-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language documentation, historical community accounts and the limits of outside records. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p58-s1", "p58-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p58-s1", "title": "The ASJP Database - Wordlist Chimariko", "publisher": "asjp.clld.org", "url": "https://asjp.clld.org/languages/CHIMARIKO", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “The ASJP Database - Wordlist Chimariko” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p58-s2", "title": "Record MS 1451 Tcimariko vocabulary in Powell's Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages | Collections Search Center, Smithsonian Institution", "publisher": "collections.si.edu", "url": "https://collections.si.edu/search/detail/ead_collection%3Asova-naa-ms1451?hlterm=%26quot%3BChimariko%2Blanguage%26quot%3B&q=%22Chimariko+language%22&record=4", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Record MS 1451 Tcimariko vocabulary in Powell's Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages | Collections Search Center, Smithsonian Institution” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "chimariko", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 59, "name": "Chinanteco", "region": "Mexico / Oaxaca", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Chinanteco is a broad label for diverse Chinantec communities and languages, principally in Oaxaca.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Chinanteco is a broad label for diverse Chinantec communities and languages, principally in Oaxaca.", "sourceIds": [ "p59-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Local names, linguistic diversity, community histories and displacement. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p59-s1", "p59-s2", "p59-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p59-s1", "title": "Chinantecos – Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/chinantecos-lengua/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Chinantecos – Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p59-s2", "title": "El INALI y el centro de desarrollo social y cultural chinanteco inician reunión de planificación lingüística de la lengua Juu jmií-2025", "publisher": "inali.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inali.gob.mx/detalle/2021-06-29-19-11-10", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “El INALI y el centro de desarrollo social y cultural chinanteco inician reunión de planificación lingüística de la lengua Juu jmií-2025” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p59-s3", "title": "Chinanteco : Lenguas indígenas México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura", "publisher": "sic.cultura.gob.mx", "url": "https://sic.cultura.gob.mx/ficha.php?table=inali_li&table_id=6", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Chinanteco : Lenguas indígenas México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "chinanteco", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 60, "name": "Chinook", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Columbia River", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Chinook names connect distinct peoples and communities of the lower Columbia River region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Chinook names connect distinct peoples and communities of the lower Columbia River region.", "sourceIds": [ "p60-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Chinook Indian Nation perspectives, constituent communities, languages and colonial trade histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p60-s1", "p60-s2", "p60-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p60-s1", "title": "Who We Are – chinook Indian Nation | Chinook Tribe", "publisher": "chinooknation.org", "url": "https://chinooknation.org/who-we-are/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Who We Are – chinook Indian Nation | Chinook Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p60-s2", "title": "The ‘slow-motion genocide’ of the Chinook Indian Nation – chinook Indian Nation | Chinook Tribe", "publisher": "chinooknation.org", "url": "https://chinooknation.org/the-slow-motion-genocide-of-the-chinook-indian-nation/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “The ‘slow-motion genocide’ of the Chinook Indian Nation – chinook Indian Nation | Chinook Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p60-s3", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Chinook", "publisher": "public-inspection.federalregister.gov", "url": "https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2019-08228.pdf?1556023527=", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Chinook” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 73, 161 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "researchLeads": [ { "url": "https://chinooknation.org/our-territory-chinook-indian-nation-vs-chinooka/", "title": "Chinook Indian Nation. Our Territory Chinook Nation vs Chinookan (2021). Tribal explanation of membership, territorial scope and neighboring Chinookan peoples.", "documentKey": "Chinook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Chinook culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Chinookan peoples, the Chinook Indian Nation, and regional history require distinct treatment.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/anth_fac/93/", "title": "Henry B. Zenk, Yvonne P. Hajda and Robert T. Boyd. Chinookan Villages of the Lower Columbia (2016), Oregon Historical Quarterly 117, 6–37. Portland State University publication record and abstract.", "documentKey": "Chinook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Chinook culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Chinookan peoples, the Chinook Indian Nation, and regional history require distinct treatment.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/chinookan_plank_houses/", "title": "Kenneth Ames. Chinookan Plankhouses. The Oregon Encyclopedia, Oregon Historical Society. Scholarly explanation grounded in archaeological research.", "documentKey": "Chinook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Chinook culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Chinookan peoples, the Chinook Indian Nation, and regional history require distinct treatment.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://chinookstory.org/chinook-fishing/", "title": "Chinook Story. Chinook Fishing. A Chinook Nation and Portland State University public history collaboration using historical descriptions and tribal knowledge.", "documentKey": "Chinook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Chinook culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Chinookan peoples, the Chinook Indian Nation, and regional history require distinct treatment.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 403, "linkNote": "Automated access restricted; not evidence of paywall or removal; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/chinook-canoes.htm", "title": "National Park Service. Chinook Canoes.", "documentKey": "Chinook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Chinook culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Chinookan peoples, the Chinook Indian Nation, and regional history require distinct treatment.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/chinook-clothing.htm", "title": "National Park Service. Chinook Clothing. Historical evidence about garments, materials and trade during the expedition winter.", "documentKey": "Chinook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Chinook culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Chinookan peoples, the Chinook Indian Nation, and regional history require distinct treatment.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://chinookstory.org/status-rivers-mouth/", "title": "Chinook Story. Status at the River’s Mouth.", "documentKey": "Chinook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Chinook culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Chinookan peoples, the Chinook Indian Nation, and regional history require distinct treatment.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 403, "linkNote": "Automated access restricted; not evidence of paywall or removal; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://chinookstory.org/basketry-gender/", "title": "Chinook Story. Gender and Economic Autonomy. Interpretation of women’s property, work and basketry markets, with scholarly references.", "documentKey": "Chinook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Chinook culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Chinookan peoples, the Chinook Indian Nation, and regional history require distinct treatment.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 403, "linkNote": "Automated access restricted; not evidence of paywall or removal; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/chinook_jargon/", "title": "Henry Zenk. Chinook Jargon Chinuk Wawa. The Oregon Encyclopedia. Linguistic scholarship on the language and the debate over its origins.", "documentKey": "Chinook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Chinook culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Chinookan peoples, the Chinook Indian Nation, and regional history require distinct treatment.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://chinooknation.org/first-salmon-ceremony/", "title": "Chinook Indian Nation. First Salmon Ceremony (2021). A tribal account and photographic record of the continuing ceremony.", "documentKey": "Chinook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Chinook culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Chinookan peoples, the Chinook Indian Nation, and regional history require distinct treatment.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://chinookstory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/vr_92-95_feasting-and-gift-giving.pdf", "title": "Verne F. Ray. Lower Chinook Ethnographic Notes (1938), section Feasting and Gift Giving, pages 93–95. University of Washington anthropology publication excerpt hosted by Chinook Story. Older ethnography requires attention to its terminology and context.", "documentKey": "Chinook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Chinook culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Chinookan peoples, the Chinook Indian Nation, and regional history require distinct treatment.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 403, "linkNote": "Automated access restricted; not evidence of paywall or removal; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://chinooknation.org/charles-cultee-and-franz-boas/", "title": "Chinook Indian Nation. Charles Cultee and Franz Boas (2021). Tribal account of Cultee’s role in language documentation.", "documentKey": "Chinook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Chinook culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Chinookan peoples, the Chinook Indian Nation, and regional history require distinct treatment.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/concomly_1765_1830_/", "title": "Yvonne Hajda. Concomly 1765 to 1830. The Oregon Encyclopedia. Scholarly biography with approximate birth and death dates.", "documentKey": "Chinook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Chinook culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Chinookan peoples, the Chinook Indian Nation, and regional history require distinct treatment.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/disease_epidemics_1770s-1850s/", "title": "Robert Boyd. Disease Epidemics among Indians 1770s to 1850s. The Oregon Encyclopedia. Historical epidemiology with discussion of uncertain dates and regional losses.", "documentKey": "Chinook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Chinook culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Chinookan peoples, the Chinook Indian Nation, and regional history require distinct treatment.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/places/fort-clatsop-stealing-the-canoe.htm", "title": "National Park Service. Fort Clatsop Stealing the Canoe. Interpretation of Coboway’s assistance, winter trade and the canoe theft.", "documentKey": "Chinook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Chinook culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Chinookan peoples, the Chinook Indian Nation, and regional history require distinct treatment.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/item/lc.jrn.1806-03-18", "title": "John Ordway and other expedition writers. Journals of 18 March 1806. University of Nebraska scholarly edition, including editorial notes. Primary testimony for the canoe theft.", "documentKey": "Chinook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Chinook culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Chinookan peoples, the Chinook Indian Nation, and regional history require distinct treatment.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": null, "linkNote": "TLS verification failed; availability undetermined; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://chinooknation.org/the-175th-commemoration-of-our-1851-tansy-point-treaties/", "title": "Rachel Lynne Cushman. The 175th Commemoration of Our 1851 Tansy Point Treaties (7 August 2026). Tribal scholar’s account drawing on her University of Oregon doctoral dissertation, archival evidence and family oral history.", "documentKey": "Chinook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Chinook culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Chinookan peoples, the Chinook Indian Nation, and regional history require distinct treatment.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.bia.gov/as-ia/opa/online-press-release/bia-issues-final-determination-recognition-chinook-indian", "title": "Bureau of Indian Affairs. BIA Issues Final Determination on the Recognition of the Chinook Indian Tribe Chinook Nation (3 January 2001). Primary government statement of the favorable determination.", "documentKey": "Chinook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Chinook culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Chinookan peoples, the Chinook Indian Nation, and regional history require distinct treatment.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.bia.gov/as-ia/opa/online-press-release/final-determination-declines-chinook-recognition", "title": "Bureau of Indian Affairs. Final Determination Declines Chinook Recognition (2002). Primary government explanation of the reversal.", "documentKey": "Chinook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Chinook culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Chinookan peoples, the Chinook Indian Nation, and regional history require distinct treatment.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "title": "Bureau of Indian Affairs. Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible to Receive Services (30 January 2026), Federal Register 91, 4102–4106. Current published recognition list.", "documentKey": "Chinook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Chinook culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Chinookan peoples, the Chinook Indian Nation, and regional history require distinct treatment.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://chinooknation.org/chinook-tribe-culture/", "title": "Chinook Indian Nation. Culture Committee. Primary account of present cultural programs and gatherings.", "documentKey": "Chinook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Chinook culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Chinookan peoples, the Chinook Indian Nation, and regional history require distinct treatment.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://chinookstory.org/lower-columbia-chinook-historical-timeline/", "title": "Chinook Story. A Lower Columbia Chinook Historical Timeline. Public history chronology with archival and scholarly references. Used selectively alongside sources specific to major events.", "documentKey": "Chinook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Chinook culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Chinookan peoples, the Chinook Indian Nation, and regional history require distinct treatment.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 403, "linkNote": "Automated access restricted; not evidence of paywall or removal; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://www.oregonhistoryproject.org/articles/historical-records/chinookans-of-the-lower-columbia-river/", "title": "Melinda Jette and Cain Allen. Chinookans of the Lower Columbia River (2003). Oregon Historical Society interpretation of an 1841 lodge image and early regional society.", "documentKey": "Chinook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Chinook culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Chinookan peoples, the Chinook Indian Nation, and regional history require distinct treatment.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://chinooknation.org/contemporary-chinookan-art/", "title": "Chinook Indian Nation. Contemporary Chinookan Art (2021). Primary examples of cultural renewal through carving and public art.", "documentKey": "Chinook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Chinook culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Chinookan peoples, the Chinook Indian Nation, and regional history require distinct treatment.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/places/tansy-point.htm", "title": "National Park Service. Tansy Point. Official historical interpretation of the 1851 negotiations and nonratification.", "documentKey": "Chinook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Chinook culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Chinookan peoples, the Chinook Indian Nation, and regional history require distinct treatment.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://chinookstory.org/treaty-of-chehalis/", "title": "Chinook Story. Treaty of Chehalis. Interpretation and quotation from James Swan’s eyewitness account of the 1855 negotiations.", "documentKey": "Chinook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Chinook culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Chinookan peoples, the Chinook Indian Nation, and regional history require distinct treatment.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 403, "linkNote": "Automated access restricted; not evidence of paywall or removal; availability check only, not content review." } ], "studyKeys": [ "Chinook_Culture_History_and_Timeline" ], "added": false, "slug": "chinook", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "originalId": 61, "name": "Chipewyan", "region": "Canada / Subarctic", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Chipewyan is an outside name often used for Dënesųłıné or Denesuline people. The original list includes a separate Denesuline entry.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Chipewyan is an outside name often used for Dënesųłıné or Denesuline people. The original list includes a separate Denesuline entry.", "sourceIds": [ "p61-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-preferred spelling, Dene language resources and distinct First Nation histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p61-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p61-s1", "title": "Dene Language and the Chipewyan Indian tribe (Dene Suline, Denes)", "publisher": "native-languages.org", "url": "https://www.native-languages.org/chipewyin.htm", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Dene Language and the Chipewyan Indian tribe (Dene Suline, Denes)” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 100, 99 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "relationshipNote": "The original list preserves this name as an access point. Compare the related entries and community-preferred spellings; overlapping names do not always mean identical political communities.", "added": false, "slug": "chipewyan", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska", "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-AB", "name": "Alberta", "key": "ca-ab" } ] }, { "name": "Chippewa", "originalId": null, "added": true, "kind": "Alternate-name reading route", "directoryEntryType": "alternate-name", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "compiled": "2026-10-26", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "identityReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "overview": "Chippewa is an overlapping name used in Ojibwe language references and in the names of distinct communities and governments. This is an alternate doorway to Ojibwe reading routes, beginning with a regional dictionary, the Sault Tribe’s language account and Bois Forte’s own history.", "overviewSourceIds": [ "p14-s6", "p265-s1" ], "relationshipNote": "Shared reading collection: Ojibwe. This card is an alternate-name access point.", "region": "Great Lakes / shared reviewed Ojibwe regional routes", "sections": [ { "title": "An overlapping name, with local scope", "text": "The dictionary includes Chippewa among names used for Ojibwe and identifies its own Central Southwestern regional focus. Its speakers, spellings and examples should be read with those limits.", "sourceIds": [ "p14-s6" ] }, { "title": "Read community voices separately", "text": "The Sault Tribe’s language account and Bois Forte’s history come from distinct governments. They offer specific perspectives on language continuity and local historical experience rather than a single history for every community called Chippewa.", "sourceIds": [ "p265-s1", "p265-s10" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "ojibwe-dictionary-names", "title": "Ojibwe naming reference", "publisher": "Ojibwe People’s Dictionary", "url": "https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/about-ojibwe-language", "type": "Academic / reference", "annotation": "Supporting name and relationship identification only.", "contentReviewScope": "Selected naming/identity statement; wider history not assessed for this queued entry.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Identification-only check; no substantive history work counted.", "topics": [ "Names", "Identity" ], "identificationOnly": true }, { "id": "ziibiwing-three-bands", "title": "History — identification statement", "publisher": "Ziibiwing Center", "url": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/aboutus/history.htm", "type": "Indigenous-led", "annotation": "Supporting name and relationship identification only.", "contentReviewScope": "Selected naming/identity statement; wider history not assessed for this queued entry.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Identification-only check; no substantive history work counted.", "topics": [ "Names", "Identity" ], "identificationOnly": true }, { "id": "p14-s6", "title": "Ojibwe People’s Dictionary: language, speakers and selected documentation guides", "publisher": "Ojibwe People’s Dictionary; University of Minnesota American Indian Studies and University Libraries, with Ojibwe contributors", "author": "Nora Livesay, editor; John D. Nichols, founder and linguistic editor; contributing Ojibwe speakers", "url": "https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/about-ojibwe-language", "type": "Community collaboration / language documentation", "topics": [ "Language", "Regional variation", "Community collaboration", "Learning" ], "annotation": "A regionally focused dictionary collection explains spelling, speaker attribution and word-building. Selected methodology and contributor accounts were read together as one work. Historical speaker figures and undated biographical roles are not treated as current; no audio was played.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual language introduction, project history, regional key and selected English contributor accounts; word-stem and audio-method text inspected. Scope is selected text, not the complete dictionary.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceUnitKey": "ojibwe-peoples-dictionary-collection", "dateBasis": "The inspected informational pages give no article publication day. The 2012–2026 copyright range is not a fresh census or publication date.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "About the project", "url": "https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/about", "scope": "History, collaboration and project goals." }, { "title": "Ojibwe Voices", "url": "https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/about/voices", "scope": "Selected English contributor accounts." }, { "title": "Key to Regions", "url": "https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/help/regions", "scope": "Regional attribution explanation and key." }, { "title": "Understanding Word Stems, Word Parts and Word Families", "url": "https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/understanding-word-stems-word-parts-and-word-families", "scope": "Stem selection and word-family explanation." }, { "title": "Understanding Audio and Example Sentences", "url": "https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/understanding-audio-and-example-sentences", "scope": "Recording and translation methodology text." } ] }, { "id": "p265-s1", "title": "Ojibwe Language - The Sault Tribe of Chippewa Indians Official Web Site", "publisher": "saulttribe.com", "url": "https://www.saulttribe.com/history-a-culture/our-culture/103-ojibwe-language", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Ojibwe language", "Language suppression", "Language revitalization" ], "annotation": "A Sault Tribe account connects Anishinaabeg language with cultural continuity, describes intergenerational language suppression and lists revitalization work. This voice is specific to one Michigan-based tribal government and is used as a wider regional perspective, not as a Minnesota Band account.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "author": "Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians", "sourceKind": "Tribal government language and culture statement", "publicationDate": "Updated 2019-06-13", "contentReviewScope": "Read the full Ojibwe Language page, including the dated language-program description and linked culture guidance (lines 98–107). The linked programs were not independently reviewed.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p265-s10", "title": "History — Bois Forte Band of Chippewa", "author": "Bois Forte Band of Chippewa", "publisher": "Bois Forte Band of Chippewa", "url": "https://boisforte.com/about/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Tribal government historical overview", "topics": [ "Bois Forte Band", "Minnesota Ojibwe", "Treaties", "Reservation sectors", "Wild rice" ], "publicationDate": "Undated public history page; 2026 site footer not treated as publication date", "annotation": "The Band distinguishes its three reservation sectors and gives its own migration account, treaty chronology and present-day resource and community context. Its account is not treated as a boundary map or as a template for other Ojibwe communities.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible Brief Summary of Bois Forte History (lines 134–145): community locations, migration account, 1854 and 1866 treaties, 1881 executive order, self-government and cultural/resource continuity. Contemporary business totals are not repeated.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 265 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "saginaw-chippewa-indian-tribe-of-michigan", "saginaw-band-ojibwe", "swan-creek-band-ojibwe", "black-river-band-ojibwe" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded reading route with inspected content and a specifically explained visual. It does not establish a complete history, separate nation count or community endorsement.", "remainingLimits": [ "Broaden community-specific readings beyond these Michigan and Minnesota examples and keep named governments distinct.", "The dictionary’s older speaker figures and the Sault page’s dated program descriptions are not current censuses or a program audit.", "This alternate-name route does not create another nation alongside Ojibwe or make Anishinaabe identity universal. The pictured artist’s individual name and community are unrecorded; no design meanings or endorsement are inferred." ] }, "researchGaps": [ "Broaden community-specific readings beyond these Michigan and Minnesota examples and keep named governments distinct.", "The dictionary’s older speaker figures and the Sault page’s dated program descriptions are not current censuses or a program audit.", "This alternate-name route does not create another nation alongside Ojibwe or make Anishinaabe identity universal. The pictured artist’s individual name and community are unrecorded; no design meanings or endorsement are inferred." ], "searchTerms": [ "Chippewa", "Ojibwe", "Ojibway", "Chippewa" ], "evidenceNotes": [ "Published as an owner-authorized queued card after a narrow identification check. Zero substantive works counted; no history-completion or separate-government claim is made for band-name routes.", "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "sharedReadingProfileSlug": "ojibwe", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-04", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p14-s6", "reason": "Start with the dictionary’s name usage, regional scope and contributor methodology." }, { "sourceId": "p265-s1", "reason": "Read a specifically attributed Sault Tribe language perspective." }, { "sourceId": "p265-s10", "reason": "Continue with Bois Forte’s local historical account, keeping its community scope." } ], "scopeNote": "Alternate-name route sharing the broader Ojibwe collection. Chippewa, Ojibwe and Anishinaabe have overlapping but context-dependent usage, while Anishinaabe also has wider uses.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "remainingQuestions": [ "Broaden community-specific readings beyond these Michigan and Minnesota examples and keep named governments distinct.", "The dictionary’s older speaker figures and the Sault page’s dated program descriptions are not current censuses or a program audit.", "This alternate-name route does not create another nation alongside Ojibwe or make Anishinaabe identity universal. The pictured artist’s individual name and community are unrecorded; no design meanings or endorsement are inferred." ], "imageRecordId": "chippewa-context-bandolier-bag-slam" }, "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "p14-s6", "origin": { "slug": "anishinaabe" }, "originalSourceObjectPreserved": true, "inspectionBasis": "Exact previously inspected source object and original dates/scopes retained. Reuse is not a fresh global work or a full-source rereading." }, { "sourceId": "p265-s1", "origin": { "slug": "ojibwe" }, "originalSourceObjectPreserved": true, "inspectionBasis": "Exact previously inspected source object and original dates/scopes retained. Reuse is not a fresh global work or a full-source rereading." }, { "sourceId": "p265-s10", "origin": { "slug": "ojibwe" }, "originalSourceObjectPreserved": true, "inspectionBasis": "Exact previously inspected source object and original dates/scopes retained. Reuse is not a fresh global work or a full-source rereading." } ], "slug": "chippewa", "regionGroups": [ "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MI", "name": "Michigan", "key": "us-mi" }, { "id": "US-MN", "name": "Minnesota", "key": "us-mn" }, { "id": "US-MT", "name": "Montana", "key": "us-mt" }, { "id": "US-WI", "name": "Wisconsin", "key": "us-wi" } ] }, { "name": "Chippewa Cree Indians of the Rocky Boy's Reservation, Montana", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Montana", "overview": "Chippewa Cree Indians of the Rocky Boy's Reservation, Montana has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "chippewa-cree-indians-of-the-rocky-boys-reservation-montana", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MT", "name": "Montana", "key": "us-mt" } ] }, { "name": "Chippewas of Georgina Island", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — listing address only", "overview": "The Chippewas of Georgina Island identify themselves as an Anishinaabe Nation connected to Lake Simcoe. Their public account distinguishes their community history from the related Beausoleil and Rama communities; a separate case study introduces dated climate-adaptation planning.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. This is an organizational relationship; membership alone does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, citizenship, jurisdiction or representation of another named community.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "The Nation’s own historical account", "text": "The Chippewas of Georgina Island’s public account follows Chief Joseph Snake’s community through the Coldwater experiment and a return to the Lake Simcoe islands. It distinguishes this history from those of the related communities under Chiefs Assance and Yellowhead. The Nation also describes continuing responsibilities toward water and future generations. Its legal and governance statements should be read as attributed institutional positions, not conclusions supplied by this directory.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-georgina-who" ] }, { "title": "Climate planning with community knowledge", "text": "A national climate-assessment case study describes Georgina Island’s 2012–2015 adaptation project. It explains how community meetings, surveys and scientific information informed assessments of changing ice, water and other conditions. The account reports a planning process and proposed next steps. It expressly leaves later implementation progress unresolved, so it cannot establish present safety, ecological conditions or completed outcomes.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-georgina-climate" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p6-georgina-who", "title": "Who We Are", "publisher": "Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation", "url": "https://www.georginaisland.com/council-community/who-we-are", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community history", "Identity", "Stewardship" ], "annotation": "Complete main body read. The Nation’s account of Lake Simcoe, Coldwater, return to the islands and community priorities. Current legal powers, treaty settlements and jurisdiction statements are the Nation’s published positions, not independently adjudicated here.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Complete main body, web lines5–33. Perspective: Nation self-description.", "accessNotes": "Actual substantial indexed public body read without an account or challenge. Legal/governance claims attributed, not independently adjudicated; no present numerical totals adopted.", "inspectionLimits": "Legal/governance claims attributed, not independently adjudicated; no present numerical totals adopted." }, { "id": "p6-georgina-climate", "title": "Climate Change Adaptation by the Georgina Island First Nation", "publisher": "Canada in a Changing Climate / National Assessment Process", "url": "https://changingclimate.ca/map/climate-change-adaptation-by-the-georgina-island-first-nation/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Environment", "Community planning", "Research methods" ], "annotation": "Complete case-study body read, including methods, actions, outcomes and next steps. Covers the community-led 2012–2015 planning project; explicitly says available information does not establish later implementation progress. Underlying surveys and full project reports were not independently read.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Complete case-study body, web lines20–66 including explicit NextSteps limit. Perspective: National-assessment case study names GeorginaIsland as project lead.", "accessNotes": "Actual substantial indexed public body read without an account or challenge. Underlying surveys/reports not read; explicitly no evidence of progress after2015nextsteps.", "inspectionLimits": "Underlying surveys/reports not read; explicitly no evidence of progress after2015nextsteps." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page 18 (zero-based 17), Southeast member-listing block: exact name and explicit ON address locality only. Parenthetical alternate name retained only where printed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "access": "Public PDF selectable text actually inspected; no account or subscription needed for this inspection", "selectedPages": [ 18 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 17 ], "selectedLines": "1890-1892", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections.", "Seek fuller community-authored histories of families, language learning and relationships among the Lake Simcoe islands.", "Read original public project reports before extending climate findings; community surveys and personal knowledge remain outside this review.", "Review later implementation assessments and legal/governance materials separately; no current safety or legal advice is provided." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A small, purposefully selected actual-content starting path and specifically scoped credited image are now available. Fuller history, source comparison and community review remain open; quantity does not establish completion.", "remainingLimits": [ "Seek fuller community-authored histories of families, language learning and relationships among the Lake Simcoe islands.", "Read original public project reports before extending climate findings; community surveys and personal knowledge remain outside this review.", "Review later implementation assessments and legal/governance materials separately; no current safety or legal advice is provided." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p6-georgina-who", "p6-georgina-climate" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; fuller history remains open", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-06", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "scopeNote": "A short starting path through selected actual-content works. Read each annotation for the specific community, period and inspection limits; this is not a complete history or community endorsement.", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p6-georgina-who", "reason": "Begin with this account’s identified community perspective and stated scope." }, { "sourceId": "p6-georgina-climate", "reason": "Follow a different aspect of community life, keeping its date and evidence limits in view." } ], "imageRecordId": "georgina-island-sunset-2012" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Cohort06: selected actual-content sources and specifically scoped credited imagery form a bounded starting guide. Reused publications/photos are not new global works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "chippewas-of-georgina-island", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "name": "Chippewas of Kettle & Stony Point First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — listing address only", "overview": "The Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point First Nation’s community media account frames broadcasting as a way to share stories, language, local news and music.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. This is an organizational relationship; membership alone does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, citizenship, jurisdiction or representation of another named community.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Reading day-school history with community participation", "text": "Jordan George, Jackson Pind and Benjamin Farmer Lacombe link the 1942 displacement at Stony Point to the day school’s closure and pupils’ relocation to Kettle Point. Their community-coauthored article also describes petitions and withheld attendance over teacher misconduct, bringing community responses into an archive largely produced by colonial officials.", "sourceIds": [ "c05-on-kettle-george-2024-20261027" ] }, { "title": "Language in radio and digital learning", "text": "The Eagle’s community-hosted description links radio with language, stories, local news and musicians; its anniversary statement refers to 2013. George and his collaborators separately describe translating a day-school website interface into Anishinaabemowin. They note that English-only records and uneven handwriting recognition continued to limit archival access.", "sourceIds": [ "c05-on-kettle-radio-20261027", "c05-on-kettle-george-2024-20261027" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c05-on-kettle-radio-20261027", "title": "The Eagle 107.7 FM — Radio Station", "publisher": "Chippewas of Kettle & Stony Point First Nation", "url": "https://kettlepoint.org/the-eagle-107-7-fm-radio-station/", "type": "Community publication / broadcasting program", "topics": [ "Community media", "Language", "Music", "Kettle and Stony Point" ], "annotation": "The station’s mission and service account connects local news, language, stories and musicians. Its anniversary statement explicitly refers to 2013, so operating details are not treated as a current schedule.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual Mission Statement, Services and About the Eagle text, web lines 11–22. Contact hours and linked station content excluded from substantive use.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "dateBasis": "Undated page; text says ten years on air “this year (2013)”. Footer 2023 is not an article publication date.", "perspective": "First Nation-hosted station self-description.", "accessLimits": "No broadcast listened to; no present license, ownership or schedule assertion made.", "sourceUnitKey": "kettle-point-eagle-radio-program-description" }, { "id": "c05-on-kettle-george-2024-20261027", "title": "Kettle and Stony Point First Nation: A Narrative of Indigenous Language Revitalization and Digital Indian Day School Histories", "publisher": "Cultural and Pedagogical Inquiry, University of Alberta, 15(2), 68–81", "url": "https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/cpi/index.php/cpi/article/download/29730/21736/78260", "type": "Community-coauthored scholarship / language and school history", "topics": [ "Language revitalization", "Indian Day Schools", "Digital archives", "Kettle and Stony Point" ], "annotation": "Jordan George, Jackson Pind and Benjamin Farmer Lacombe link community school history with an Anishinaabemowin digital interface. Their account also exposes language and handwriting biases in colonial archives.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual PDF printed 69–79: author positionalities, school history, translation process and technical biases; title/abstract and bibliography inspected. Publisher landing page read for author and release metadata.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "author": "Jordan George; Jackson Pind; Benjamin Farmer Lacombe", "publicationDate": "2024-11-13", "landingUrl": "https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/cpi/index.php/cpi/article/view/29730", "dateBasis": "Landing page release 2024-11-13; issue says Winter 2024. Conclusion dates project knowledge to December 2023.", "perspective": "Jordan George identifies himself as a member raised in Kettle and Stony Point; Pind and Farmer Lacombe state their different research positions.", "accessLimits": "Selected article text, not fresh inspection of underlying RG10 records or live map. Personal family details, grave images and language examples not reproduced.", "sourceUnitKey": "george-pind-farmer-lacombe-kettle-2024" } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page 18 (zero-based 17), Southwest member-listing block: exact name and explicit ON address locality only. Parenthetical alternate name retained only where printed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "access": "Public PDF selectable text actually inspected; no account or subscription needed for this inspection", "selectedPages": [ 18 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 17 ], "selectedLines": "1924-1927", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Extend community-authored history beyond day schools and the selected broadcasting account.", "Read underlying archival items and subsequent language-project work with community context; neither the live interface nor broadcasts were assessed.", "Review Stony Point displacement and return through a separately bounded historical source collection; no present legal conclusion is supplied." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "Two directly relevant works have been read for a bounded starting guide. The selected perspectives and periods leave substantial community history and later developments unreviewed.", "remainingLimits": [ "Extend community-authored history beyond day schools and the selected broadcasting account.", "Read underlying archival items and subsequent language-project work with community context; neither the live interface nor broadcasts were assessed.", "Review Stony Point displacement and return through a separately bounded historical source collection; no present legal conclusion is supplied." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "c05-on-kettle-radio-20261027" ], "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "startingGuide": { "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c05-on-kettle-radio-20261027", "reason": "Read how community media’s own description links language, stories and local communication." }, { "sourceId": "c05-on-kettle-george-2024-20261027", "reason": "Begin with a community-coauthored study that states its participants’ positions and the limits of digital archival access." } ], "remainingQuestions": [ "Extend community-authored history beyond day schools and the selected broadcasting account.", "Read underlying archival items and subsequent language-project work with community context; neither the live interface nor broadcasts were assessed.", "Review Stony Point displacement and return through a separately bounded historical source collection; no present legal conclusion is supplied." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "batchId": "starter-guides-05", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "researchComplete": false, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "imageRecordId": "c05-on-kettle-point-aerial-2013" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "chippewas-of-kettle-stony-point-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "name": "Chippewas of Rama First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — listing address only", "overview": "The Chippewas of Rama First Nation’s own publications connect community history with the Chippewa Tri-Council and the Mnjikaning fish-weir landscape. A separate school account describes how education and language learning are organized within Rama.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. This is an organizational relationship; membership alone does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, citizenship, jurisdiction or representation of another named community.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "History told by the community", "text": "Rama’s public history identifies its links with the Chippewas of Beausoleil and Georgina Island through the Chippewa Tri-Council. It recounts displacement through the Coldwater Narrows experiment and rebuilding at Rama. The page also describes a community archive made public in 2018 and attributes accounts of the Mnjikaning fish weirs to Elders. These relationships do not make the three First Nations one interchangeable government.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-rama-history" ] }, { "title": "A purpose-built school and language learning", "text": "Rama’s account of Mnjikaning Kendaaswin Elementary School dates its opening to 1998 and describes a purpose-built place for community education. Its stated approach combines curriculum learning with Ojibwe language and cultural knowledge, supported by community educational bodies. This describes the institution’s published approach; it does not establish uniform experiences or measured outcomes for every student.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-rama-mkes" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p6-rama-history", "title": "Community History", "publisher": "Chippewas of Rama First Nation", "url": "https://www.ramafirstnation.ca/community-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "History", "Community archives", "Naming" ], "annotation": "Complete main history body read, including the online archive initiative, Coldwater account, Tri-Council relationship and Mnjikaning discussion. Oral-history passages remain community-attributed. Individual archive photographs, treaty documents and current legal claims were not independently inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Complete history main body, web lines64–88. Perspective: First Nation history with attributed oral-history and archive initiative.", "accessNotes": "Actual substantial indexed public body read without an account or challenge. Detailed ceremonial creation passages excluded from synthesis; linked archive individual objects uninspected.", "inspectionLimits": "Detailed ceremonial creation passages excluded from synthesis; linked archive individual objects uninspected." }, { "id": "p6-rama-mkes", "title": "MKES Elementary School", "publisher": "Chippewas of Rama First Nation", "url": "https://www.ramafirstnation.ca/mkes-elementary-school/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Education", "Language", "Contemporary institutions" ], "annotation": "Complete school mission/history/program body read. Describes the 1998 opening, Ojibwe learning and community educational structures. An undated institutional account; staffing, schedules and present student outcomes were not separately verified.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Complete school mission, history and program body, web lines64–87. Perspective: Nation-published institutional description.", "accessNotes": "Actual substantial indexed public body read without an account or challenge. Undated mutable staffing/schedules/outcomes not independently checked.", "inspectionLimits": "Undated mutable staffing/schedules/outcomes not independently checked." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page 18 (zero-based 17), Southeast member-listing block: exact name and explicit ON address locality only. Parenthetical alternate name retained only where printed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "access": "Public PDF selectable text actually inspected; no account or subscription needed for this inspection", "selectedPages": [ 18 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 17 ], "selectedLines": "1895-1897", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections.", "Review the individual community archive records and original documents behind selected historical claims.", "Extend reading beyond the history and school introductions, including women’s, family and language perspectives.", "Treat current governance, legal rights, staffing and educational outcomes as separate review tasks." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A small, purposefully selected actual-content starting path and specifically scoped credited image are now available. Fuller history, source comparison and community review remain open; quantity does not establish completion.", "remainingLimits": [ "Review the individual community archive records and original documents behind selected historical claims.", "Extend reading beyond the history and school introductions, including women’s, family and language perspectives.", "Treat current governance, legal rights, staffing and educational outcomes as separate review tasks." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p6-rama-history", "p6-rama-mkes" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; fuller history remains open", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-06", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "scopeNote": "A short starting path through selected actual-content works. Read each annotation for the specific community, period and inspection limits; this is not a complete history or community endorsement.", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p6-rama-history", "reason": "Begin with this account’s identified community perspective and stated scope." }, { "sourceId": "p6-rama-mkes", "reason": "Follow a different aspect of community life, keeping its date and evidence limits in view." } ], "imageRecordId": "rama-mask-arena-2009" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Cohort06: selected actual-content sources and specifically scoped credited imagery form a bounded starting guide. Reused publications/photos are not new global works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "chippewas-of-rama-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "name": "Chippewas of the Thames First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — listing address only", "overview": "The Nation’s history identifies Chippewas of the Thames as Deshkan Ziibiing Anishinaabeg and explains the Longwoods negotiations from its perspective. Emma Young’s conservation foreword connects stewardship with relationships and accountability.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. This is an organizational relationship; membership alone does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, citizenship, jurisdiction or representation of another named community.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "The Nation’s account of Longwoods", "text": "Deshkan Ziibiing’s history describes the Longwoods negotiations as led by its own leadership. The account traces discussions beginning in 1818 and written versions in 1819, 1820 and 1822. It emphasizes leaders’ rejection of payment only in goods and their negotiation of an annuity. Reading these choices keeps the Nation’s account of the treaty’s spirit and intent visible alongside the written versions.", "sourceIds": [ "c05-on-thames-history-20261027" ] }, { "title": "Conservation through relationships", "text": "In the 2021 Deshkan Ziibi Conservation Impact Bond report, Emma Young’s Nation-attributed foreword describes the community’s involvement from the project’s early development. She presents lasting conservation as requiring repaired relationships with land and a recognition of humans within an interconnected environment. The accompanying preface identifies the report’s development period as January 2019–July 2021, so it provides a history of the partnership’s early aims.", "sourceIds": [ "c05-on-thames-dzcib-2021-20261027" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c05-on-thames-history-20261027", "title": "History — Who We Are and Our Treaty History", "publisher": "Deshkan Ziibiing / Chippewas of the Thames First Nation", "url": "https://cottfn.com/history/", "type": "Community public history", "topics": [ "Deshkan Ziibiing", "Longwoods Treaty", "Naming", "Negotiation history" ], "annotation": "The Nation identifies itself and explains the Longwoods negotiations through its own account of leadership choices and treaty relationships. This public interpretation does not settle current legal questions.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual body under Who We Are, Our Treaty History, Why Three Versions and Other Treaty Relationships (web lines 87–112).", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "dateBasis": "No article publication date stated. Present-tense area, annuity and title assertions are not independently updated.", "perspective": "First Nation public institutional account.", "accessLimits": "No present legal advice, jurisdictional boundary or payment verification; linked claims resources not read.", "sourceUnitKey": "cottfn-public-history-longwoods" }, { "id": "c05-on-thames-dzcib-2021-20261027", "title": "The Deshkan Ziibi Conservation Impact Bond Project — “Deshkan Ziibiing: Restoring our Relationships”", "publisher": "Deshkan Ziibi Conservation Impact Bond Leadership Team; Western University", "url": "https://natureinvestmenthub.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Deshkan_Ziibi_Conservation_Impact_Bond_Project.pdf", "type": "Community-partnered research report / authored foreword", "topics": [ "Stewardship", "Conservation partnership", "Relational accountability", "Deshkan Ziibiing" ], "annotation": "Emma Young’s Nation-attributed foreword presents conservation as restoring relationships with land. The report documents early partnership development; it does not demonstrate later ecological or financial outcomes.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual PDF citation page v, Emma Young foreword vi–viii and research lead preface xi–xii (PDF pages 6–9 and 12–13). Other chapters not claimed as read.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "author": "Emma Young, Chippewas of the Thames First Nation (foreword); Deshkan Ziibi Conservation Impact Bond Leadership Team (report)", "publicationDate": "2021", "dateBasis": "Report citation year 2021; preface states development period January 2019–July 2021. Hosting path 2023/12 is not a new study date.", "perspective": "Nation-attributed foreword within a partnership report drafted by Ivey researchers with leadership-team input and approval; researchers acknowledge possible Westernized bias.", "accessLimits": "Selected front matter only. Citation says 114 pages; actual file includes 140 PDF pages with front matter. No investment recommendation or figure/photo license inferred from the report’s CC BY-NC text license.", "sourceUnitKey": "deshkan-ziibi-conservation-impact-bond-report-2021" } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page 18 (zero-based 17), Southwest member-listing block: exact name and explicit ON address locality only. Parenthetical alternate name retained only where printed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "access": "Public PDF selectable text actually inspected; no account or subscription needed for this inspection", "selectedPages": [ 18 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 17 ], "selectedLines": "1930-1932", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Read the treaty texts and additional community-authored histories beyond this short institutional interpretation.", "Review the conservation partnership’s later work and community assessments before making outcome claims.", "Expand language, education and everyday history sources; selected front matter is not a review of the full conservation report." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "Two directly relevant works have been read for a bounded starting guide. The selected perspectives and periods leave substantial community history and later developments unreviewed.", "remainingLimits": [ "Read the treaty texts and additional community-authored histories beyond this short institutional interpretation.", "Review the conservation partnership’s later work and community assessments before making outcome claims.", "Expand language, education and everyday history sources; selected front matter is not a review of the full conservation report." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "c05-on-thames-history-20261027", "c05-on-thames-dzcib-2021-20261027" ], "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "startingGuide": { "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c05-on-thames-history-20261027", "reason": "Start with the Nation’s explanation of the leadership decisions behind Longwoods." }, { "sourceId": "c05-on-thames-dzcib-2021-20261027", "reason": "Read the Nation-attributed conservation foreword together with the report’s stated period and research limits." } ], "remainingQuestions": [ "Read the treaty texts and additional community-authored histories beyond this short institutional interpretation.", "Review the conservation partnership’s later work and community assessments before making outcome claims.", "Expand language, education and everyday history sources; selected front matter is not a review of the full conservation report." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "batchId": "starter-guides-05", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "researchComplete": false, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "imageRecordId": "c05-on-thames-henry-climate-2015" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "chippewas-of-the-thames-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "originalId": 62, "name": "Chitimacha", "region": "Southeast / Louisiana", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana publishes its own history and language resources.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana publishes its own history and language resources.", "sourceIds": [ "p62-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Homelands, Chitimacha language revitalization, sovereignty and contemporary institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p62-s1", "p62-s2", "p62-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p62-s1", "title": "Language | Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana", "publisher": "chitimacha.gov", "url": "https://chitimacha.gov/history-culture/language", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Language | Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p62-s2", "title": "CHITIMACHA TRIBE OF LOUISIANA", "publisher": "usetinc.org", "url": "https://www.usetinc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/USET-USET-SPF-Educational-Book-Second-Edition-2022.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “CHITIMACHA TRIBE OF LOUISIANA” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p62-s3", "title": "A STRUCTURAL AND LEXICAL COMPARISON OF THE TUNICA, CHITIMACHA, AND ATAKAPA LANGUAGES", "publisher": "govinfo.gov", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/SERIALSET-07639_00_00-002-0148-0000/pdf/SERIALSET-07639_00_00-002-0148-0000.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “A STRUCTURAL AND LEXICAL COMPARISON OF THE TUNICA, CHITIMACHA, AND ATAKAPA LANGUAGES” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "chitimacha", "searchTerms": [ "Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana" ], "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-LA", "name": "Louisiana", "key": "us-la" } ] }, { "originalId": 64, "name": "Chochenyo", "region": "California / San Francisco Bay", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Chochenyo is associated with eastern San Francisco Bay Ohlone communities and language histories.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Chochenyo is associated with eastern San Francisco Bay Ohlone communities and language histories.", "sourceIds": [ "p64-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language revitalization, Muwekma Ohlone perspectives and the relationship between linguistic and political names. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p64-s1", "p64-s2", "p64-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p64-s1", "title": "Recovery Program Conducted at Where the Ancient People are Buried Site) | Mánni Húyyú Muwékma Yatiš Túnnešte None | CA-SCL-1070/H Located at 651", "publisher": "muwekma.org", "url": "https://www.muwekma.org/assets/pdf/Muwekma-Ohlone-Ethnohistory-CA-SCL-1070.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Recovery Program Conducted at Where the Ancient People are Buried Site) | Mánni Húyyú Muwékma Yatiš Túnnešte None | CA-SCL-1070/H Located at 651” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p64-s2", "title": "Muwekma Ohlone Tribe", "publisher": "muwekma.org", "url": "https://muwekma.org/language-revitalization.html", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Muwekma Ohlone Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p64-s3", "title": "Chochenyo", "publisher": "cla.berkeley.edu", "url": "https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/chochenyo.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Chochenyo” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 263 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "chochenyo", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 63, "name": "Chocholteco", "region": "Mexico / Oaxaca", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Chocholteco people have communities in Oaxaca. Their identity should be distinguished from similarly named neighboring peoples.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Chocholteco people have communities in Oaxaca. Their identity should be distinguished from similarly named neighboring peoples.", "sourceIds": [ "p63-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Ngigua-related self-designations, language and community continuity. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p63-s1", "p63-s2", "p63-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p63-s1", "title": "Chocholtecos - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/chocholtecos-etnografia/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Chocholtecos - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p63-s2", "title": "Chocholtecos – Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/chocholtecos-lengua/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Chocholtecos – Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p63-s3", "title": "Chocholteco : Lenguas indígenas México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura", "publisher": "sic.cultura.gob.mx", "url": "https://sic.cultura.gob.mx/ficha.php?table=inali_li&table_id=7", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Chocholteco : Lenguas indígenas México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "chocholteco", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 65, "name": "Choctaw", "region": "Southeast / Oklahoma", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Choctaw people continue through several contemporary nations and communities with distinct histories.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Choctaw people continue through several contemporary nations and communities with distinct histories.", "sourceIds": [ "p65-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Chahta language and names, southeastern homelands, removal and different tribal governments. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p65-s1", "p65-s2", "p65-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p65-s1", "title": "Tribal History - Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians", "publisher": "choctaw.org", "url": "https://www.choctaw.org/about-us/tribal-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Tribal History - Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p65-s2", "title": "History - Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma", "publisher": "choctawnation.com", "url": "https://www.choctawnation.com/about/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History - Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p65-s3", "title": "Chahta Anumpa Aiikhvna (School of Choctaw Language) - Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma", "publisher": "choctawnation.com", "url": "https://www.choctawnation.com/services/language/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Chahta Anumpa Aiikhvna (School of Choctaw Language) - Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "choctaw", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains", "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-LA", "name": "Louisiana", "key": "us-la" }, { "id": "US-MS", "name": "Mississippi", "key": "us-ms" } ] }, { "originalId": 66, "name": "Ch'ol", "region": "Mexico / Chiapas / Tabasco", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Ch’ol is a Maya people and language name associated with southern Mexico.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Ch’ol is a Maya people and language name associated with southern Mexico.", "sourceIds": [ "p66-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Ch’ol language, local self-designations, land and contemporary community histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p66-s1", "p66-s2", "p66-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p66-s1", "title": "Ch'ol-Tsotsil Mayan subfamily | SIL Mexico", "publisher": "mexico.sil.org", "url": "https://mexico.sil.org/language_culture/mayanfamily/chol-tzotzil", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Ch'ol-Tsotsil Mayan subfamily | SIL Mexico” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p66-s2", "title": "Ch'ol : Lenguas indígenas México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura", "publisher": "sic.cultura.gob.mx", "url": "https://sic.cultura.gob.mx/ficha.php?disciplina=&table=inali_li&table_id=16", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Ch'ol : Lenguas indígenas México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p66-s3", "title": "Libro | Ch'ol 3 | ID: 8k71nj970 | Colecciones Digitales de El Colegio de México", "publisher": "repositorio.colmex.mx", "url": "https://repositorio.colmex.mx/concern/books/8k71nj970?f%5Bhuman_readable_type_sim%5D%5B%5D=Book&f%5Blanguage_sim%5D%5B%5D=Ch%27ol&locale=es&per_page=10&sort=date_created_sim+asc", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Libro | Ch'ol 3 | ID: 8k71nj970 | Colecciones Digitales de El Colegio de México” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "chol", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 67, "name": "Chontal of Oaxaca", "region": "Mexico / Oaxaca", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Chontal peoples of Oaxaca should be distinguished from the similarly named Chontal Maya of Tabasco.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Chontal peoples of Oaxaca should be distinguished from the similarly named Chontal Maya of Tabasco.", "sourceIds": [ "p67-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language classification, local self-designations and Oaxacan community histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p67-s1", "p67-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p67-s1", "title": "Chontales de Oaxaca – Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/chontales-de-oaxaca-lengua/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Chontales de Oaxaca – Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p67-s2", "title": "Chontal de Oaxaca", "publisher": "culturaspopulareseindigenas.cultura.gob.mx", "url": "https://culturaspopulareseindigenas.cultura.gob.mx/pdf/2021/cartografia/cartografia_linguistica_chontal_oaxaca.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Chontal de Oaxaca” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 68 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "chontal-of-oaxaca", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 68, "name": "Chontal of Tabasco", "region": "Mexico / Tabasco", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Chontal of Tabasco refers to a Maya people also described through the name Yokot’an. It is distinct from Chontal of Oaxaca.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Chontal of Tabasco refers to a Maya people also described through the name Yokot’an. It is distinct from Chontal of Oaxaca.", "sourceIds": [ "p68-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Yokot’an language, naming and community histories in Tabasco. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p68-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p68-s1", "title": "YokotꞋan (chontal de Tabasco) : Inventario del patrimonio cultural inmaterial México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura", "publisher": "sic.gob.mx", "url": "https://sic.gob.mx/ficha.php?disciplina=&table=frpintangible&table_id=731", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “YokotꞋan (chontal de Tabasco) : Inventario del patrimonio cultural inmaterial México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 67, 202 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "chontal-of-tabasco", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 69, "name": "Chorotega", "region": "Central America / Costa Rica / Nicaragua", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Chorotega histories concern communities in what are now Costa Rica and Nicaragua.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Chorotega histories concern communities in what are now Costa Rica and Nicaragua.", "sourceIds": [ "p69-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Regional identities, language history, land and contemporary community organization. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p69-s1", "p69-s2", "p69-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p69-s1", "title": "Chorotega – Dipalicori", "publisher": "dipalicori.ucr.ac.cr", "url": "https://dipalicori.ucr.ac.cr/lengua-cultura/chorotega/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Chorotega – Dipalicori” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p69-s2", "title": "Información básica Región Chorotega", "publisher": "obtur.una.ac.cr", "url": "https://www.obtur.una.ac.cr/index.php/programa/calendario/informacion-basica-region-chorotegaa", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Información básica Región Chorotega” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p69-s3", "title": "The ASJP Database - Wordlist Chorotega", "publisher": "asjp.clld.org", "url": "https://asjp.clld.org/languages/CHOROTEGA", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “The ASJP Database - Wordlist Chorotega” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "chorotega", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CR", "name": "Costa Rica", "key": "cr" }, { "id": "NI", "name": "Nicaragua", "key": "ni" } ] }, { "originalId": 70, "name": "Ch'orti'", "region": "Central America / Guatemala / Honduras", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Ch’orti’ is a distinct Maya people and language name associated with eastern Guatemala and western Honduras.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Ch’orti’ is a distinct Maya people and language name associated with eastern Guatemala and western Honduras.", "sourceIds": [ "p70-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community organizations, Ch’orti’ language and border-crossing homelands. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p70-s1", "p70-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p70-s1", "title": "Ch'orti' Language Project", "publisher": "sites.msudenver.edu", "url": "https://sites.msudenver.edu/chortiproject/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Ch'orti' Language Project” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p70-s2", "title": "World Directory of Minorities — Lenca, Miskitu, Tawahka, Pech, Maya, Chortis and Xicaque", "publisher": "justice.gov", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/eoir/legacy/2014/02/19/Lenca%2C%20Miskitu%2C%20Tawahka%2C%20Pech%2C%20Maya%2C%20Chortis%20and%20Xicaque.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "A regional reference profile covering the peoples named in its title. Read its geographical and publication context before applying its account to an individual community; the shared listing does not make these peoples interchangeable.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 202 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "chorti", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "GT", "name": "Guatemala", "key": "gt" }, { "id": "HN", "name": "Honduras", "key": "hn" } ] }, { "originalId": 71, "name": "Chuj", "region": "Guatemala / Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Chuj people have communities in Guatemala and southern Mexico.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Chuj people have communities in Guatemala and southern Mexico.", "sourceIds": [ "p71-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Chuj language, local histories, migration and community cultural resources. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p71-s1", "p71-s2", "p71-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p71-s1", "title": "Lengua del mes Koti' (chuj)-2025", "publisher": "inali.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inali.gob.mx/detalle/lengua-del-mes-koti-chuj", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Lengua del mes Koti' (chuj)-2025” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p71-s2", "title": "Chuj : Lenguas indígenas México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura", "publisher": "sic.cultura.gob.mx", "url": "https://sic.cultura.gob.mx/ficha.php?estado_id=7&table=inali_li&table_id=21", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Chuj : Lenguas indígenas México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p71-s3", "title": "Chujes – Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/chuj-lengua/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Chujes – Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "chuj", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico", "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "Chuloonawick Native Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Chuloonawick Native Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 837; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "chuloonawick-native-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 72, "name": "Chumash", "region": "California", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Chumash is a wider peoplehood encompassing distinct communities of coastal southern California and the Channel Islands region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Chumash is a wider peoplehood encompassing distinct communities of coastal southern California and the Channel Islands region.", "sourceIds": [ "p72-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-authored history, language work, maritime homelands and distinct contemporary governments. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p72-s1", "p72-s2", "p72-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p72-s1", "title": "History — Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians", "publisher": "chumash.gov", "url": "https://chumash.gov/chumash-history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History — Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p72-s2", "title": "The Santa Ynez Reservation — Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians", "publisher": "chumash.gov", "url": "https://chumash.gov/the-santa-ynez-reservation", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “The Santa Ynez Reservation — Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p72-s3", "title": "Sovereignty — Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians", "publisher": "chumash.gov", "url": "https://chumash.gov/sovereignty", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Sovereignty — Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 421 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "chumash", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Circle Native Community", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Circle Native Community has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 839; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "circle-native-community", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Citizen Potawatomi Nation, Oklahoma", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Oklahoma", "overview": "Citizen Potawatomi Nation, Oklahoma has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "citizen-potawatomi-nation-oklahoma", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "originalId": 73, "name": "Clackamas", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Oregon", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Clackamas is associated with Chinookan people and communities of the lower Willamette and Clackamas river region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Clackamas is associated with Chinookan people and communities of the lower Willamette and Clackamas river region.", "sourceIds": [ "p73-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language histories, forced removal and contemporary descendant communities. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p73-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p73-s1", "title": "Indigenous Peoples Day | CCC", "publisher": "clackamas.edu", "url": "https://clackamas.edu/about-us/vision-initiatives/equity-and-belonging/equity-and-belonging-events/indigenous-peoples-day", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Indigenous Peoples Day | CCC” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 60 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "clackamas", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" } ] }, { "originalId": 74, "name": "Clallam", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Washington", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Clallam is an older spelling encountered alongside Klallam and S’Klallam in community names.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Clallam is an older spelling encountered alongside Klallam and S’Klallam in community names.", "sourceIds": [ "p74-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Individual S’Klallam governments, language and relationships across the northern Olympic Peninsula. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p74-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p74-s1", "title": "Elwha Klallam Historical Timeline | Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe", "publisher": "elwha.org", "url": "https://www.elwha.org/culture-history/elwha-klallam-historical-timeline/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Elwha Klallam Historical Timeline | Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "clallam", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "originalId": 75, "name": "Clatskanie", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Oregon", "kind": "Historical people / name", "overview": "Clatskanie, also written Tlatskanai, is a historical people and language name in northwestern Oregon.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Clatskanie, also written Tlatskanai, is a historical people and language name in northwestern Oregon.", "sourceIds": [ "p75-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Athabaskan language history, place names and descendant-community connections. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p75-s1", "p75-s2", "p75-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p75-s1", "title": "Native-Land.ca | Our home on native land", "publisher": "native-land.ca", "url": "https://native-land.ca/listings/territories/clatskanie", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Native-Land.ca | Our home on native land” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p75-s2", "title": "Search the Journals | Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition", "publisher": "lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu", "url": "https://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/search?action=search&controller=items&lc_native_nation_ss=Clatskanie+Indians&places=Columbia+River&qfield=text&qtext=indian", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Search the Journals | Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p75-s3", "title": "Search the Journals | Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition", "publisher": "lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu", "url": "https://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/search?action=search&controller=items&lc_native_nation_ss=Clatskanie+Indians&lc_searchtype_s=journal_entry&people=Lewis%2C+Meriwether&places=Columbia+River&qfield=text&qtext=indian&sort=date+asc&source=The+Journals+of+the+Lewis+and+Clark+Expedition%2C+Volume+7", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Search the Journals | Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "clatskanie", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" } ] }, { "name": "Cloverdale Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Cloverdale Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "cloverdale-rancheria-of-pomo-indians-of-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 76, "name": "Coahuiltecan", "region": "Texas / Northeastern Mexico", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "“Coahuiltecan” is a later umbrella label used for many distinct Indigenous groups of South Texas and northeastern Mexico. It does not identify one uniform historical nation, language, government, or present-day community. The surviving colonial record is uneven, and scholars disagree about terminology and relationships. This page distinguishes group-specific evidence from the separate public accounts of Tāp Pīlam Coahuiltecan Nation and the Miakan/Garza Band.", "sections": [ { "title": "A broad label, not one uniform people", "text": "Historical records name many autonomous communities, while later scholarship grouped some South Texas and northeastern Mexico peoples under “Coahuiltecan.” Authors disagree about whether the word began as a colonial regional label or a later scholarly classification. A 2014 CHAPS chapter describes a scholarly category; a current National Park Service page attributes the name to Spanish geography. The evidence reviewed here does not resolve that conflict, and neither account makes the label a universal self-name. The safest use is as a broad, contested umbrella—not a single polity or shared culture.", "sourceIds": [ "p76-s3", "p76-s4", "p76-s5", "p76-s7" ] }, { "title": "Named groups and varied regional lives", "text": "Educational and archival syntheses identify Payaya, Pacuache, Mariames, Aranama, Tamiques, Manos de Prieta and many other names, often from particular places or mission records. The sources describe varied languages, seasonal movements, resource use and relationships; some groups’ territories overlapped while others were distant or hostile. These reconstructions are uneven and often depend on Spanish accounts. A name appearing near a place or in a mission list is not by itself proof of a single people’s complete homeland or identity.", "sourceIds": [ "p76-s3", "p76-s4", "p76-s6", "p76-s8" ] }, { "title": "Language evidence and classification remain limited", "text": "The surviving language material is fragmentary. Researchers have debated which documented languages were related to Coahuilteco and whether a wider “Coahuiltecan” language family is supported. Mission lingua-franca use further complicates identifying who spoke which language. The Institute’s language-reclamation page documents its program history, but its statement that the language is extinct because fewer than 1,000 people speak it is internally contradictory and uncorroborated; this profile does not use that number or claim a current speaker count.", "sourceIds": [ "p76-s3", "p76-s5", "p76-s10", "p76-s15" ] }, { "title": "Mission records describe specific, changing communities", "text": "Spanish mission records are valuable but incomplete sources created for colonial administration and religious purposes. A 1985 San Antonio mission study documents conflicting registers and warns that names, languages and earlier locations are difficult to match consistently. A separate Espíritu Santo case study discusses Aranama, Tamiques and Manos de Prieta, and records disagreement over whether Aranama and Mariames were distinct. These findings apply to a specific mission setting, not to every community grouped under the umbrella.", "sourceIds": [ "p76-s6", "p76-s8", "p76-s7" ] }, { "title": "Contemporary community histories are distinct", "text": "Tāp Pīlam Coahuiltecan Nation publishes its own history and timeline; that account should be read as the Nation’s perspective on its community, not as a substitute for all South Texas peoples. Separately, the Indigenous Cultures Institute says it was founded by members of the Miakan/Garza Band and describes that Band’s history, public programs and repatriation priorities. A peer-reviewed 2023 article documents one Miakan-Band Elders’ educational program. These sources present distinct community and program scopes; they do not establish that either organization represents every community connected to the broad label.", "sourceIds": [ "p76-s1", "p76-s9", "p76-s10", "p76-s12", "p76-s13" ] }, { "title": "What this evidence does not establish", "text": "Older sources sometimes describe groups as extinct or cultures as lost. Such statements reflect authors’ interpretations of a limited archive and their historical categories; they do not prove that descendants disappeared. A 2001 National Park Service report describes differing views about continuity and calls for further consultation in one mission context. The present sources do not establish an exhaustive list of descendant communities, current legal status, population figures, or one shared cultural account. Community review remains open. No individual historical map was examined in this batch, so no map association was added.", "sourceIds": [ "p76-s3", "p76-s5", "p76-s6", "p76-s7", "p76-s11", "p76-s14" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p76-s1", "title": "History — Tāp Pīlam Coahuiltecan Nation", "author": "Tāp Pīlam Coahuiltecan Nation", "publisher": "Tāp Pīlam Coahuiltecan Nation", "url": "https://tappilam.org/our-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community history", "Mission history", "Contemporary identity" ], "publicationDate": "Undated community timeline; dates within page are attributed there", "annotation": "The Nation’s own public timeline is a first-party account of Tāp Pīlam history and community continuity. Its sweeping chronology and deep-time claims are presented as the Nation’s account, not as independently verified claims about every South Texas people. Read alongside group-specific historical research.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible History timeline, including its dated periods, mission-era entries and contemporary organizational chronology. The linked image and underlying archival or archaeological evidence were not independently examined.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p76-s2", "title": "Resolutions & Proclamations — Tāp Pīlam Coahuiltecan Nation", "author": "Tāp Pīlam Coahuiltecan Nation", "publisher": "Tāp Pīlam Coahuiltecan Nation", "url": "https://tappilam.org/resolutions-proclamations/", "type": "Community document index", "topics": [ "Further reading", "Civic documents" ], "annotation": "A community site index linking public resolutions and proclamations. It is useful as a route to primary documents, not as a substantive historical work. The page also includes placeholder text and unverified membership figures; those are not used.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "Inspected the full visible listing and linked document labels. The page’s placeholder copy and membership figures were excluded; the linked instruments are not counted as separately inspected here.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p76-s3", "title": "Coahuiltecan Indians", "author": "Nancy P. Hickerson", "publisher": "Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/coahuiltecan-indians", "type": "Scholarly reference", "topics": [ "Historical terminology", "Language classification", "Colonial record" ], "annotation": "A substantial scholarly synthesis describing hundreds of separately named groups and the difficulty of reconstructing language, culture and political organization from uneven Spanish records. Its wording about “extinct” groups and its population estimates reflect the article’s interpretation and date; the conclusion does not establish that descendants disappeared.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "Read the full visible article and bibliography, including its classification debate, mission-language discussion, regional overview and conclusion. Cited publications and original Spanish records were not independently reviewed.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p76-s4", "title": "Who Were the “Coahuiltecans”?", "author": "Texas Beyond History exhibit contributors; source credits identify the underlying researchers", "publisher": "Texas Beyond History, University of Texas at Austin and Texas Archeological Research Laboratory", "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/st-plains/peoples/coahuiltecans.html", "type": "Academic / educational exhibit", "topics": [ "Named groups", "Language diversity", "Seasonal lifeways", "Regional history" ], "annotation": "An educational synthesis presenting Coahuiltecan as a geographic catch-all for diverse South Texas and northeastern Mexico peoples. It names Payaya, Pacuache and Mariames and describes seasonal movement, language diversity and overlapping relationships. Its deep-time continuity inference and other reconstructions are the exhibit authors’ interpretations, not demonstrated genealogies for every named people.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete substantive exhibit page, its historical and foodways passages, the ending and credits/source links. Embedded primary quotations were read as presented; cited works and archival records were not opened independently.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p76-s5", "title": "Coahuiltecans of the Rio Grande Region", "author": "Russell K. Skowronek and Bobbie L. Lovett", "publisher": "In Native American Peoples of South Texas, Community Historical Archaeology Project with Schools (CHAPS), University of Texas–Pan American", "url": "https://www.utrgv.edu/chaps/_files/documents/publications/native-american-peoples-of-south-texas.pdf", "type": "Scholarly / archaeological synthesis", "topics": [ "Rio Grande region", "Terminology", "Archaeology" ], "publicationDate": "2014", "annotation": "A chapter in a regional scholarly volume. The authors characterize “Coahuiltecan” as a later scholarly category and discuss its thin linguistic basis and internal diversity. They also make cultural-loss claims; these are dated author conclusions that should be weighed against community accounts and later work. The chapter is not a comprehensive account of all contemporary peoples.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "Read chapter 2, printed pages 13–17 (PDF pages 20–24), including its terminology and summary passages. Other chapters, full references, original archaeological collections and the book’s map were not independently reviewed. The volume states all rights reserved; linked for reading, not reproduced.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p76-s6", "title": "Indian Groups Associated with Spanish Missions of the San Antonio Missions National Historical Park", "author": "T. N. Campbell and T. J. Campbell", "publisher": "National Park Service, Special Report 16", "url": "https://npshistory.com/publications/saan/campbell/index.htm", "type": "Government / ethnohistorical research report", "topics": [ "Mission registers", "Named communities", "Research method" ], "publicationDate": "1985", "annotation": "A dated group-by-group study of communities recorded at the San Antonio missions. Its authors emphasize conflicting and incomplete mission registers and the uncertainty of identifying groups, languages and premission locations. The report is a regional historical analysis, not a present-day community or legal-status determination.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "Read the report’s methods/limitations, conclusions and selected mission-by-mission discussions in the HTML edition. Other entries and underlying Spanish registers were not exhaustively checked; cited archival records were not independently opened.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p76-s7", "title": "History & Culture — San Antonio Missions", "author": "National Park Service", "publisher": "U.S. National Park Service", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/saan/learn/historyculture/index.htm", "type": "Government / park history", "topics": [ "San Antonio missions", "Descendant stories", "Colonial history" ], "publicationDate": "Page updated May 5, 2025", "annotation": "A park-specific overview of San Antonio’s mission communities, archaeology, archives and descendant stories. It attributes a Spanish origin for the term Coahuiltecan; this conflicts with the 2014 CHAPS chapter’s account of a later scholarly label and with other treatments of the word. The page is useful for the park’s own public interpretation, not a definitive regional ethnography.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete substantive History & Culture page, including its mission-descendant section and archaeological interpretation. Linked family stories, archives and collections were not independently opened.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p76-s8", "title": "Native Peoples in a Spanish World — Mission Espíritu Santo", "author": "Texas Beyond History exhibit contributors", "publisher": "Texas Beyond History, University of Texas at Austin and Texas Archeological Research Laboratory", "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/espiritu/native.html", "type": "Academic / educational exhibit", "topics": [ "Aranama", "Tamiques", "Mission records", "Ethnonyms" ], "annotation": "A focused case study of people associated with three locations of Mission Espíritu Santo, especially Aranama, Tamiques and Manos de Prieta. The exhibit records disagreement over possible Aranama/Mariame equivalence and notes sparse, ambiguous Spanish documentation. Its statements concern this mission setting, not every group placed under the broader label.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible Native Peoples page and its mission-specific discussion. Linked mission records and the exhibit’s archaeological sources were not independently opened.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p76-s9", "title": "About — Indigenous Cultures Institute", "author": "Indigenous Cultures Institute", "publisher": "Indigenous Cultures Institute", "url": "https://indigenouscultures.org/about/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Miakan-Garza Band", "Community history", "Contemporary institutions" ], "annotation": "The Institute’s own account says it was founded by Miakan/Garza Band members and describes the Band’s family continuity and 2013 Texas legislative recognition. This is a first-party institutional description of the Miakan-Garza Band, distinct from Tāp Pīlam; the Institute is not presented here as a tribal government or as representing every Coahuiltecan-descended community.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "Read the full substantive About page and its founder/organization sections. Linked profiles, presentations and legislative documents were not independently reviewed.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p76-s10", "title": "Coahuiltecan Language Reclamation Program", "author": "Indigenous Cultures Institute", "publisher": "Indigenous Cultures Institute", "url": "https://indigenouscultures.org/coahuiltecan-language/", "type": "Indigenous-led / educational program", "topics": [ "Language learning", "Community education" ], "annotation": "A first-party description of the Institute’s language-reclamation program, including its 2022 launch and later course-development activity. The same page contradicts itself by calling the language extinct while claiming fewer than 1,000 speakers; that speaker figure and status statement are not repeated as facts. This page documents the organization’s program, not a linguists’ consensus or every community’s language.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "Read the full visible program page, including its internally inconsistent language-status sentence and the stated 2022–2025 program chronology. Linked dictionary, course materials and future class application were not inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p76-s11", "title": "Reassessing Cultural Extinction: Change and Survival at Mission San Juan Capistrano, Texas", "author": "Alston V. Thoms, editor", "publisher": "National Park Service and Texas A&M University", "url": "https://www.npshistory.com/publications/saan/reassessing-cultural-extinction.pdf", "type": "Government / archaeological and consultation report", "topics": [ "Mission descendants", "Cultural continuity", "Research limits" ], "publicationDate": "2001", "annotation": "A NPS baseline report that discusses differing interpretations of cultural extinction and survival in one San Antonio mission context and recommends further consultation. It records a 2001 research/consultation setting; its recommendations and legal discussion do not establish current NAGPRA status or speak for present communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "Read the full 26-page PDF, including the summary, discussion of local descendant connections, contrasting interpretations and recommendations. Family-level details are not reproduced here; present legal status and underlying case files were not checked.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p76-s12", "title": "Encountering creative climate change pedagogies: Cartographic interruptions", "author": "Fikile Nxumalo and Pablo Montes", "publisher": "Research in Education, 117(1), SAGE", "url": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00345237231207493", "type": "Peer-reviewed educational research", "topics": [ "Miakan Band", "Youth education", "Climate pedagogy" ], "publicationDate": "2023", "annotation": "A peer-reviewed study of one Indigenous Summer Encounter for Latinx and Indigenous children led by Miakan-Band Elders. It offers a specific collaborative education example and the authors’ interpretation of climate pedagogy; it is not a general history or a survey of all South Texas peoples. Culturally specific content is not reproduced here.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "Read the open-access full article, including abstract, author/context statements, research discussion and conclusions. No program materials, recordings or culturally restricted details were independently accessed or repeated.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p76-s13", "title": "Three Ancestors Held by UT-Austin — Miakan-Garza Band statement", "author": "Indigenous Cultures Institute / Miakan-Garza Band", "publisher": "Indigenous Cultures Institute", "url": "https://indigenouscultures.org/reburial/", "type": "Indigenous-led / first-person community statement", "topics": [ "Repatriation", "Community priorities", "Institutional history" ], "publicationDate": "Statement covers events through August 2022", "annotation": "A first-party Miakan-Garza account of a specific request to rebury three ancestors and the Band’s stated position. It documents that community’s own account of the dispute, not an independent legal determination, current case status, or shared position of all Coahuiltecan-descended peoples.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "Read the full visible statement, including its dated chronology and quoted community position. The linked video, open letter, university correspondence and later developments were not inspected; no private family or sacred-site details are reproduced.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p76-s14", "title": "Land and Water Acknowledgement — San Antonio Missions", "author": "National Park Service", "publisher": "U.S. National Park Service", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/saan/learn/historyculture/land-and-water-acknowledgement.htm", "type": "Government / contextual reference", "topics": [ "Contemporary community relationships", "Further reading" ], "annotation": "A present-day park acknowledgment that names multiple communities associated with San Antonio missions. It is contextual evidence of the park’s stated relationships, not an exhaustive list, a sovereignty determination, or proof that the named peoples share one identity.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete acknowledgment. It is retained as supporting context only and does not count as a substantive historical work.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p76-s15", "title": "Voces de otros tiempos. Lenguas originarias del noreste de México — selected methodological discussion", "author": "Moises Valadez Moreno (as printed on the article)", "publisher": "Noroeste de México / Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia", "url": "https://www.revistas.inah.gob.mx/index.php/noroestedemexico/article/view/21844", "type": "Scholarly / inspected supporting reference", "topics": [ "Northeastern Mexico", "Language documentation", "Source perspective", "Research limits" ], "publicationDate": "Date unresolved: article received/accepted in 2024; PDF running header identifies January–June 2022", "annotation": "Selected methodological pages explain the author’s reorganization of earlier vocabulary lists and discuss disputed language classifications. This is a secondary reconstruction, not a new speaker survey. The article also makes sweeping disappearance claims; those are the author’s assertions and are not adopted as evidence that descendants ceased to exist. The vocabulary tables were not systematically evaluated.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Actual public 54-page publisher PDF: printed pp. 164–169 (PDF1–6); the ‘Lenguas y voces’ methodological passage on p.172 (PDF9); and final comments on p.206 (PDF43). References on pp.207 and215–217 inspected as locators only. Title page visually inspected. Full vocabulary tables and intervening sections were not content-reviewed; cited original works were not independently inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Retained as inspected supporting criticism of a secondary reconstruction. Partial scope and unresolved broad claims do not warrant promoting the earlier lead into an excellent substantive work merely to increase the count.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "url": "https://revistas.inah.gob.mx/index.php/noroestedemexico/article/download/21844/23230/45540", "title": "Actual publisher PDF", "scope": "Selected printed pp.164–169,172(methodological passage),206;54-page PDF not read in full." } ], "accessNotes": "Public Spanish PDF with English abstract downloaded normally through PowerShell; no reader account or paywall encountered. The article-record route returned a server error and web-tool PDF retrieval timed out, but actual PDF text was accessible and selected content read. Printed first page states received January13,2024 and accepted April15,2024; running headers say Noroeste de México, nueva época,no.5,January–June2022. Publication chronology is unresolved. No vocabulary, maps, ceremonial detail, archaeological locations or images reproduced; link-only use." } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "researched", "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "researchedAt": "2026-10-22", "researchComplete": false, "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "rationale": "Twelve substantive resources have actual-content inspection records, including first-party Tāp Pīlam and Miakan/Garza materials, a peer-reviewed study of one Miakan-Band program, scholarly and educational syntheses, and targeted mission research. They support a careful introductory profile and document major disagreements. The source target is a quantity measure, not a finding that the broad umbrella entry is complete or that these communities endorse the synthesis. The previously unread INAH lead now has an explicit selected-content inspection record, but remains excluded from substantive quantity. No new excellent work or independent identity/continuity claim is established by this bounded pass.", "remainingLimits": [ "The entry covers a broad historical umbrella; the evidence cannot stand in for separate research on the many named peoples and contemporary communities placed under it.", "The origin and scope of the term “Coahuiltecan” conflict across sources: the 2014 CHAPS chapter describes later scholarly usage while the current NPS visitor page attributes it to Spanish geography. The reviewed material does not settle this disagreement.", "Mission registers and language records are incomplete; group-to-language and group-to-place identifications require more primary-source and specialist review.", "No community review or endorsement is recorded. Tāp Pīlam Coahuiltecan Nation and Miakan/Garza Band / Indigenous Cultures Institute are distinct sources and should not be treated as interchangeable or exhaustive.", "The Institute language page contains an internally inconsistent speaker-status statement; no current speaker count or language-vitality conclusion is made.", "The 2001 NPS report and 1985 mission study are dated. Their consultation recommendations and legal discussion do not establish current status.", "Selected methodological and final-comment pages of the INAH language-history article have now been inspected. Its vocabulary tables and cited originals remain unevaluated, its broad disappearance assertions are not adopted, and its publication dates conflict internally. More focused community-directed and specialist language evidence remains needed.", "No current population, exhaustive descendant list, legal recognition status, or specific map association is asserted." ] }, "researchGaps": [ "The entry covers a broad historical umbrella; the evidence cannot stand in for separate research on the many named peoples and contemporary communities placed under it.", "The origin and scope of the term “Coahuiltecan” conflict across sources: the 2014 CHAPS chapter describes later scholarly usage while the current NPS visitor page attributes it to Spanish geography. The reviewed material does not settle this disagreement.", "Mission registers and language records are incomplete; group-to-language and group-to-place identifications require more primary-source and specialist review.", "No community review or endorsement is recorded. Tāp Pīlam Coahuiltecan Nation and Miakan/Garza Band / Indigenous Cultures Institute are distinct sources and should not be treated as interchangeable or exhaustive.", "The Institute language page contains an internally inconsistent speaker-status statement; no current speaker count or language-vitality conclusion is made.", "The 2001 NPS report and 1985 mission study are dated. Their consultation recommendations and legal discussion do not establish current status.", "Selected methodological and final-comment pages of the INAH language-history article have now been inspected. Its vocabulary tables and cited originals remain unevaluated, its broad disappearance assertions are not adopted, and its publication dates conflict internally. More focused community-directed and specialist language evidence remains needed.", "No current population, exhaustive descendant list, legal recognition status, or specific map association is asserted." ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-01", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p76-s4", "reason": "This educational introduction explains the umbrella label through distinct named peoples, seasonal life and regional diversity." }, { "sourceId": "p76-s1", "reason": "Tāp Pīlam’s public timeline supplies that Nation’s own account of history and community continuity." }, { "sourceId": "p76-s9", "reason": "The Institute’s self-description introduces its Miakan/Garza Band founders and work as a separate contemporary perspective." }, { "sourceId": "p76-s6", "reason": "The mission study shows why inconsistent registers and changing group names require careful local rather than universal conclusions." } ], "scopeNote": "Coahuiltecan is a broad historical umbrella, not one uniform nation, government or language. Tāp Pīlam and the Miakan/Garza Band/Indigenous Cultures Institute are distinct; neither is an exhaustive representative of South Texas or northeastern Mexico peoples.", "reviewRationale": "An accessible diversity overview, two distinct first-party perspectives and a source-critical mission study form a useful bounded guide while the breadth of the umbrella remains unresolved.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Sources disagree about the term’s origin; the selected material does not settle the disagreement or demonstrate all deep-time continuity claims.", "The 1985 mission study is dated and partially inspected; language-to-group identifications, original registers and current legal status remain outside this guide." ], "imageRecordId": "coahuiltecan-san-juan-shirey-nps", "reviewBasis": "Review of existing actual-content source records, retained evidence ledgers and image identification/rights records. No new original-source inspection count, fresh image inspection or comprehensive completion is implied.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false }, "added": false, "slug": "coahuiltecan", "regionGroups": [ "Northeast", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" }, { "id": "US-TX", "name": "Texas", "key": "us-tx" } ] }, { "originalId": 77, "name": "Coca", "region": "Mexico / Jalisco", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Coca is an Indigenous identity associated with Jalisco, including the Lake Chapala region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Coca is an Indigenous identity associated with Jalisco, including the Lake Chapala region.", "sourceIds": [ "p77-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community self-identification, regional histories and contemporary catalogue entries. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p77-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p77-s1", "title": "Coca – Catálogo Nacional de Pueblos y Comunidades Indígenas y Afromexicanas", "publisher": "catalogo.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://catalogo.inpi.gob.mx/coca/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Coca – Catálogo Nacional de Pueblos y Comunidades Indígenas y Afromexicanas” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "coca", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 78, "name": "Cochimí", "region": "Mexico / Baja California", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Cochimí is a historical and contemporary identity name associated with the Baja California peninsula.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Cochimí is a historical and contemporary identity name associated with the Baja California peninsula.", "sourceIds": [ "p78-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Names across different periods, language documentation and continuing communities. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p78-s1", "p78-s2", "p78-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p78-s1", "title": "Repositorio Migración UNAM: Cochimi-kiliwia", "publisher": "repositoriomigracion.unam.mx", "url": "https://repositoriomigracion.unam.mx/handle/123456789/1117", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Repositorio Migración UNAM: Cochimi-kiliwia” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p78-s2", "title": "cochimí | Diccionario del español de México", "publisher": "dem.colmex.mx", "url": "https://dem.colmex.mx/ver/cochim%C3%AD", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “cochimí | Diccionario del español de México” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p78-s3", "title": "Cochimí – Catálogo Nacional de Pueblos y Comunidades Indígenas y Afromexicanas", "publisher": "catalogo.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://catalogo.inpi.gob.mx/cochimi/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Cochimí – Catálogo Nacional de Pueblos y Comunidades Indígenas y Afromexicanas” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "cochimi", "regionGroups": [ "California", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 80, "name": "Cochiti Pueblo", "region": "Southwest / New Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Cochiti Pueblo is a living Pueblo nation in New Mexico.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Cochiti Pueblo is a living Pueblo nation in New Mexico.", "sourceIds": [ "p80-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Pueblo-published accounts, Keres language context, land and contemporary government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p80-s1", "p80-s2", "p80-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p80-s1", "title": "Front Page - Pueblo de Cochiti", "publisher": "cochiti.org", "url": "https://cochiti.org/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Front Page - Pueblo de Cochiti” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p80-s2", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Cochiti Pueblo", "publisher": "nmlegis.gov", "url": "https://www.nmlegis.gov/handouts/IAC%20112823%20Item%201%20Welcome%20and%20Status%20Update.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Cochiti Pueblo” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p80-s3", "title": "as the Pueblo of San Juan); Pueblo of Acoma, New Mexico; Pueblo of Cochiti, New Mexico;", "publisher": "public-inspection.federalregister.gov", "url": "https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2013-30682.pdf?1387893156=", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “as the Pueblo of San Juan); Pueblo of Acoma, New Mexico; Pueblo of Cochiti, New Mexico;” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 310, 163 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "cochiti-pueblo", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] }, { "originalId": 79, "name": "Cocopa", "region": "Southwest / Colorado River / Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Cocopa, Cocopah and Cucapá are spellings used in sources concerning a people of the lower Colorado River region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Cocopa, Cocopah and Cucapá are spellings used in sources concerning a people of the lower Colorado River region.", "sourceIds": [ "p79-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community governments on both sides of the border, language and river relationships. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p79-s1", "p79-s2", "p79-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p79-s1", "title": "濒危语言项目 - Cocopah", "publisher": "elcat.colo.hawaii.edu", "url": "https://elcat.colo.hawaii.edu/lang/1694?hl=zh-cn", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “濒危语言项目 - Cocopah” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p79-s2", "title": "Проект «Исчезающие языки» - Cocopah", "publisher": "elcat.colo.hawaii.edu", "url": "https://elcat.colo.hawaii.edu/lang/1694?hl=ru", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Проект «Исчезающие языки» - Cocopah” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p79-s3", "title": "Endangered Languages Project - Cocopah", "publisher": "dhcp-128-171-46-84.its.hawaii.edu", "url": "https://dhcp-128-171-46-84.its.hawaii.edu/lang/1694", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Endangered Languages Project - Cocopah” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "cocopa", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "Cocopah Tribe of Arizona", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Arizona", "overview": "Cocopah Tribe of Arizona has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "cocopah-tribe-of-arizona", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AZ", "name": "Arizona", "key": "us-az" } ] }, { "originalId": 81, "name": "Coeur d'Alene", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Idaho", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Coeur d’Alene Tribe identifies itself as Schitsu’umsh, “Those who were found here.” This guide follows the Tribe’s own public accounts of homeland, governance and language alongside historical agreements, a Supreme Court decision, a tribal-authored history and environmental records. The sources describe different periods and kinds of evidence; none of the regional or legal summaries is a complete map of community history.", "sections": [ { "title": "Names, community and living government", "text": "The Tribe’s public “Our Tribe” page uses Schitsu’umsh and explains the English name “Coeur d’Alene” as a French label applied by outsiders. The Tribe describes a continuing people with its own government and language. These are the community’s own public descriptions. A 1947 constitution scan records an earlier formal government structure; its text is a historical document, and current government or membership rules should be checked against current tribal publications rather than inferred from this edition.", "sourceIds": [ "cd-our-tribe", "p81-s2" ] }, { "title": "Homeland, waterways and historical change", "text": "The Tribe describes a homeland organized around waterways, villages, trade and seasonal relationships. Its ancestral-lands page and 2012 Integrated Resource Management Plan emphasize continuing relationships with land and water while recounting later cessions and the loss of land access. The Tribe’s acreage descriptions vary by document and method; they should be read as attributed community or planning statements, not fixed boundaries. Public historical agreements also record proposed or conditional arrangements. Read together, these records show colonial-era legal changes without implying that a document alone captures consent, lived experience or the full extent of homeland.", "sourceIds": [ "cd-ancestral-lands", "cd-irmp", "cd-agreement-1873", "cd-agreement-1889" ] }, { "title": "Language, writing and teaching", "text": "The Tribe’s language materials distinguish the Coeur d’Alene language from the larger Salish language family and from neighboring languages. A tribal account describes documentation and orthography work by Lawrence G. Nicodemus and Joseph N. Bitar, and the Tribe’s elementary curriculum page describes a four-year STEP grant and a Tribe-created social-studies curriculum. These sources document published approaches and a dated program; they do not measure present language fluency or establish current program availability. The brief language overview is retained as a starting point but is not counted as a substantive work.", "sourceIds": [ "cd-reading-writing", "cd-language-questions", "cd-elementary", "p81-s1" ] }, { "title": "Agreements, reservation history and a defined legal holding", "text": "The July 1873 agreement proposed a reservation and included terms subject to further federal action; the archive records it as not ratified. The September 1889 agreement described a northern land cession and made its operation conditional on ratification of an earlier agreement. These are primary texts, useful for studying what their signatories and drafters wrote, not self-explanatory accounts of consent. In Idaho v. United States (2001), the Supreme Court held that the United States holds specified submerged lands within the current reservation in trust for the Tribe. That decision concerns submerged-land title within reservation boundaries; it does not decide ownership of the entire lake or every water and land interest in the basin.", "sourceIds": [ "cd-agreement-1873", "cd-agreement-1889", "cd-idaho-v-us" ] }, { "title": "Stewardship, mining and environmental history", "text": "The Tribe’s resource plan and its public lake-management account describe relationships among land, water, health and cultural resources, as well as the effects of mining and dam operations. A 1995 federal environmental review preserves a tribal position statement and a history attributed to Bingo Sijohn; these are important, specifically attributed tribal perspectives inside a government compilation. The EPA’s Bunker Hill record independently documents mining-related contamination, cleanup actions and continuing risks across the basin. EPA figures and work status change over time, so its live site and its July 2024 bulletin are dated snapshots. The compiled exhibits contain sensitive cultural-resource details; this guide does not reproduce those locations.", "sourceIds": [ "cd-irmp", "p81-s3", "cd-lake-challenges", "cd-epa-site", "cd-epa-bulletin" ] }, { "title": "How to read this collection", "text": "Begin with the Tribe’s own identity, land and language pages, then compare its planning documents with the agreements and court opinion. Use the EPA records for environmental cleanup history and the 1995 exhibits for the Tribe’s position as it was submitted in that review. The constitution, agreements and court decision each answer different legal or historical questions. Dates, authorship and selected-page limits matter throughout; none of these works alone represents every family, period or current community perspective.", "sourceIds": [ "cd-our-tribe", "cd-ancestral-lands", "cd-reading-writing", "cd-irmp", "p81-s2", "p81-s3", "cd-agreement-1873", "cd-agreement-1889", "cd-idaho-v-us", "cd-epa-site", "cd-epa-bulletin" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "cd-our-tribe", "title": "Our Tribe", "publisher": "Coeur d’Alene Tribe", "url": "https://www.cdatribe-nsn.gov/our-tribe/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Community", "Governance" ], "annotation": "Read the Tribe’s public self-description and naming account. It identifies the people as Schitsu’umsh, explains the French-derived English label, and describes continuing government, community and language. This is a concise community-authored introduction, not a legal history or full account of internal diversity.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23" }, { "id": "cd-history", "title": "History", "publisher": "Coeur d’Alene Tribe", "url": "https://www.cdatribe-nsn.gov/our-tribe/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "History", "Homelands" ], "annotation": "Community historical overview covering place, naming, government and changes in land ownership. Its acreage and timeline statements are attributed to the Tribe’s page and should be compared with dated treaties, court records and planning documents; no old population estimate is reused as current.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23" }, { "id": "cd-ancestral-lands", "title": "Ancestral Lands", "publisher": "Coeur d’Alene Tribe", "url": "https://www.cdatribe-nsn.gov/our-tribe/tribal-lands/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Homelands", "Stewardship", "History" ], "annotation": "Community account of homeland connections to waterways and villages, stewardship, land loss and later legal developments. Read as the Tribe’s public perspective, not a survey boundary. Specific sensitive sites are not reproduced.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23" }, { "id": "p81-s1", "title": "Language — Coeur d’Alene Tribe", "publisher": "Coeur d’Alene Tribe", "url": "https://www.cdatribe-nsn.gov/our-tribe/language/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language" ], "annotation": "Brief community language orientation, reviewed in full. Useful as a direct entry point to the Tribe’s language materials, but too short to count as a substantive inspected work.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "cd-reading-writing", "title": "Reading and Writing in the Coeur d’Alene Language", "publisher": "Coeur d’Alene Tribe, Culture Department", "url": "https://www.cdatribe-nsn.gov/culture/language/reading-and-writing-in-the-coeur-dalene-language/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Writing", "Community history" ], "annotation": "Read the complete public article and its alphabet/lesson material. The Tribe recounts a 1973 documentation effort and credits Lawrence G. Nicodemus and Joseph N. Bitar with language documentation and orthography work. This community narrative and teaching resource describes a particular language project, not a fluency survey.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23" }, { "id": "cd-language-questions", "title": "Questions about our Schitsu’umsh Language", "publisher": "Coeur d’Alene Tribe, Culture Department", "url": "https://www.cdatribe-nsn.gov/culture/language/questions-about-our-schitsuumsh-language/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Names", "Linguistic classification" ], "annotation": "Read the full Q&A, including the Tribe’s distinction between its language and the broader Salish language family and its account of writing conventions. This is an attributed community explanation; linguistic classifications should be read at the language level, not as a single shared language across the family.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23" }, { "id": "cd-elementary", "title": "Elementary School: Coeur d’Alene Tribe Department of Education", "publisher": "Coeur d’Alene Tribe, Department of Education", "url": "https://www.cdatribe-nsn.gov/education/elementary-school/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Education", "Language", "Sovereignty" ], "annotation": "Read the page’s curriculum and STEP-grant sections. The Tribe describes a four-year project and its own elementary social-studies curriculum, linking education with sovereignty and cultural continuity. Program details are a dated account, not an evaluation of current course availability or outcomes.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "publicationDate": "2015 grant period" }, { "id": "cd-irmp", "title": "Integrated Resource Management Plan", "publisher": "Coeur d’Alene Tribe, Natural Resources Department", "url": "https://www.cdatribe-nsn.gov/nr/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2023/12/CDA-Tribe-IRMP-for-Tribal-website.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Governance", "Stewardship", "Land", "History" ], "annotation": "Tribal planning document, 319 pages. Inspected printed pp. 15–16, 66 and 188–190 for sovereignty, the Tribe’s resource philosophy and land-history discussion, including 1867/1873 reservation records and later cessions. Only these selected pages were read; acreage descriptions are plan-specific estimates and not mapped boundaries.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "publicationDate": "2012" }, { "id": "p81-s2", "title": "Constitution and Bylaws of the Coeur d’Alene Tribe", "publisher": "Coeur d’Alene Tribe; Library of Congress digital copy", "url": "https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/ll/llscd/57060910/57060910.pdf", "type": "Primary document", "topics": [ "Governance", "History" ], "annotation": "Inspected the complete six-page scan, printed constitution approved August 8, 1947, with later reproduction/imprint details. This is a historical constitution text, including period-specific membership language; it must not be presented as the current constitution or used to state present membership rules.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "publicationDate": "1947; scan/imprint includes later reproductions" }, { "id": "cd-agreement-1873", "title": "Agreement with the Coeur d’Alene, 1873", "publisher": "Oklahoma State University, Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties; underlying record cited to NARA RG 75", "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/agreement-with-the-coeur-d-alene-1873-22674", "type": "Primary document", "topics": [ "Treaties", "Land", "History" ], "annotation": "Read the complete digitized agreement record and text. Dated July 28, 1873, it proposed a reservation and contains terms conditioned on additional federal action; the database identifies it as not ratified. Classify as an agreement, not a ratified treaty. The text documents proposed terms, not a complete account of consent or lived effects.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "publicationDate": "1873-07-28" }, { "id": "cd-agreement-1889", "title": "Agreement with the Coeur d’Alene, 1889", "publisher": "Oklahoma State University, Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties; underlying record cited to NARA RG 75", "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/agreement-with-the-coeur-d-alene-1889-22334", "type": "Primary document", "topics": [ "Treaties", "Land", "History" ], "annotation": "Read the complete digitized agreement record and text dated September 9, 1889. It records a proposed cession and payment terms, and states that it would bind only if an earlier agreement were ratified. Read its conditions alongside the ratification record and later court history; do not treat the document alone as proof of consent.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "publicationDate": "1889-09-09" }, { "id": "cd-idaho-v-us", "title": "Idaho v. United States, 533 U.S. 262", "publisher": "Supreme Court of the United States", "url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/boundvolumes/533bv.pdf", "type": "Primary legal decision", "topics": [ "Law", "Reservation", "Water", "History" ], "annotation": "Read the opinion in volume 533, pp. 262–280 (bound PDF pp. 265–280 in an 868-page volume). The Court held that the United States holds in trust for the Tribe the specified submerged lands within the reservation, including portions of the lake and river. The holding is limited to title in the disputed submerged lands; it is not a ruling that the Tribe owns the whole lake or every basin interest.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "publicationDate": "2001" }, { "id": "p81-s3", "title": "Coeur d’Alene Tribal History, Cultural Resources & Position Statement (1995 EIS exhibits)", "publisher": "Bureau of Reclamation, Bonneville Power Administration and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, System Operation Review Final EIS exhibits; includes Tribe-submitted material", "url": "https://www.bpa.gov/-/media/Aep/efw/nepa/completed/system-operations-review/Final-EIS/sys-op-review-final-eis-main-report-exhibits.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led / government archive", "topics": [ "History", "Cultural resources", "Water", "Community perspectives" ], "annotation": "Inspected selected exhibit pages 143–165 in the 175-page PDF: Ernest L. Stensgar’s November 1994 comments, a 1995 Coeur d’Alene position statement, and a history attributed to Bingo Sijohn. These are tribal-submitted perspectives preserved in a federal review, not neutral editorial findings; OCR and framing are uneven. Sensitive site details are intentionally omitted.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "publicationDate": "1994–1995" }, { "id": "cd-lake-challenges", "title": "Lake Management: Challenges", "publisher": "Coeur d’Alene Tribe", "url": "https://www.cdatribe-nsn.gov/lake/challenges/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Water", "Environmental history", "Stewardship" ], "annotation": "Read the complete public page, including its discussion of the lake’s spiritual and material importance, mining pollution, the 1991–95 management plan and hydropower licensing. The page explicitly dates several conditions and procedural details to 2005; use it as historical context, not a current status report.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23" }, { "id": "cd-epa-site", "title": "Bunker Hill Mining & Metallurgical Complex: Cleanup Activities", "publisher": "U.S. Environmental Protection Agency", "url": "https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/SiteProfiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=second.cleanup&id=1000195", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Environmental history", "Cleanup", "Health" ], "annotation": "Inspected the live EPA site profile’s background, cleanup and status sections. It describes the Superfund area across northern Idaho and eastern Washington, mining-related heavy-metal contamination, cleanup actions and remaining risks. EPA’s current figures and status are date-sensitive and do not substitute for the Tribe’s account of cultural effects or priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23" }, { "id": "cd-epa-bulletin", "title": "Basin Bulletin: Updates on the Coeur d’Alene River Basin Cleanup", "publisher": "U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10", "url": "https://semspub.epa.gov/work/10/100562482.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Environmental history", "Cleanup", "Community participation" ], "annotation": "Inspected the complete eight-page July 2024 bulletin. It records the 50th-anniversary event with Coeur d’Alene Tribe representatives, cleanup and lead-exposure information, and then-planned community-involvement work. Its property totals, schedules and risk notices are explicitly a July 2024 snapshot, not current measurements.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "publicationDate": "2024-07" }, { "id": "cd-language-overview", "title": "Language — Culture Department overview", "publisher": "Coeur d’Alene Tribe", "url": "https://www.cdatribe-nsn.gov/culture/language/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language" ], "annotation": "Short program page describing dated internal language-lesson plans and teaching tools. Read as a historical project snapshot, not evidence of current enrollment or present-day fluency; kept as support rather than counted as a substantive work.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "publicationDate": "2004–2007 project plans", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "cd-natural-resources", "title": "Natural Resources Department", "publisher": "Coeur d’Alene Tribe", "url": "https://www.cdatribe-nsn.gov/nr/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Stewardship", "Governance" ], "annotation": "Brief departmental mission and program overview, including a 1992 program-consolidation note. Useful orientation only; detailed historical and environmental evidence is cited to the Tribe’s plan and EPA records, so this brief page is excluded from the substantive count.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "coverageLevel": "reviewed-source-guide", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": false, "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "rationale": "Fifteen substantive works were inspected, including multiple Coeur d’Alene Tribe publications, two agreement texts, a Supreme Court opinion, a tribal-authored position preserved in a federal EIS, and EPA cleanup records. The collection now supports a useful, cited introduction to identity, language, land, governance and environmental history, but the evidence is uneven across periods and subjects. Source quantity alone does not make the research complete or community-reviewed.", "remainingLimits": [ "The Tribe’s history, history-page acreage descriptions and older legal records need fuller comparison with community-authored histories and archival records.", "Archaeology, family histories, foodways, arts, and community perspectives beyond the selected public materials remain underrepresented.", "The 1995 EIS contains sensitive cultural-resource detail and dated governmental framing; the public summary omits locations and should not be treated as a full account.", "Current constitutional and governmental details should be verified against current Tribe publications before being stated as current.", "Environmental cleanup figures and schedules change; this guide preserves a 2024 bulletin as a dated snapshot and EPA’s live status as reviewed October 23, 2026." ] }, "researchGaps": [ "The Tribe’s history, history-page acreage descriptions and older legal records need fuller comparison with community-authored histories and archival records.", "Archaeology, family histories, foodways, arts, and community perspectives beyond the selected public materials remain underrepresented.", "The 1995 EIS contains sensitive cultural-resource detail and dated governmental framing; the public summary omits locations and should not be treated as a full account.", "Current constitutional and governmental details should be verified against current Tribe publications before being stated as current.", "Environmental cleanup figures and schedules change; this guide preserves a 2024 bulletin as a dated snapshot and EPA’s live status as reviewed October 23, 2026." ], "evidenceNotes": [ "Reviewed 15 substantive works and three short supporting references on 2026-10-23. The substantive count is separate from adequacy, completion, and community review.", "Source roles are intentionally distinguished: the Tribe’s own accounts describe community perspective; agreements and the 1947 constitution are historical texts; Idaho v. United States is a narrow legal holding; EPA records describe cleanup administration and status.", "The 2012 IRMP was inspected only on selected pages 15–16, 66, and 188–190. The 1995 EIS exhibits were inspected on selected PDF pages 143–165. Neither review represents reading every page.", "No new historical map association was added. Existing map and regional records remain unchanged." ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-01", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "cd-our-tribe", "reason": "The Tribe's own self-description introduces Schitsu'umsh naming, continuing government and community in a concise first reading." }, { "sourceId": "cd-ancestral-lands", "reason": "The Tribe's land-and-water account explains homeland relationships, stewardship and land loss without turning its narrative into a surveyed boundary." }, { "sourceId": "cd-reading-writing", "reason": "The complete public reading-and-writing article introduces named language-documentation work and teaching material instead of offering only a program index." } ], "scopeNote": "A people-and-Tribe route centered on the Tribe's Schitsu'umsh self-description; its language is distinct within the wider Salish family. These public community explanations were inspected in the dated review, while current government rules, fluency and program outcomes remain unverified. Legal and environmental documents remain available in the full collection for subsequent reading.", "reviewRationale": "Three substantive community-published introductions give a compact path through identity, land relationships and language; a fourth long technical or historical legal document is unnecessary for this opening path.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Family histories, archaeology, arts and foodways remain thin, and early land/governance accounts still require comparative work.", "The 1947 constitution and dated agreements cannot establish present rules; cleanup figures and status require their retained review dates.", "Seltice's image is a photograph of an 1891 outside sculptor's bronze relief; retain the museum's colonial classification context rather than calling it a photograph of the living sitter or Tribe-made art." ], "imageRecordId": "coeur-dalene-seltice-warner-1891", "reviewBasis": "Review of existing actual-content source records, retained evidence ledgers and image identification/rights records. No new original-source inspection count, fresh image inspection or comprehensive completion is implied.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false }, "added": false, "slug": "coeur-dalene", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-ID", "name": "Idaho", "key": "us-id" } ] }, { "name": "Coeur d'Alene Tribe", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Idaho", "overview": "The Coeur d'Alene Tribe is an Idaho tribal government whose public histories connect community, land and water. This starting guide follows the Tribe's own accounts of historical change, language documentation and care for the lake. The wider Coeur d'Alene reading profile supplies additional context without replacing this named government route.", "relationshipNote": "This is an individually named government and community route. Its own publications and the selected institutional sources provide the scoped context below. Broader people-level reading routes are related context, not interchangeable governments, an individual citizenship determination or a boundary claim.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Community history and land", "text": "The Tribe's history introduces place, naming, government and changes in land ownership through a community-published account. It provides an opening perspective on relationships disrupted by settlement and land loss. Its acreage and chronology need comparison with the underlying agreements and records before making detailed legal claims. This narrative belongs to the Tribe; it does not summarize every neighboring Salish community.", "sourceIds": [ "cd-history" ] }, { "title": "Named work in language documentation", "text": "The Culture Department describes a 1973 documentation effort and credits Lawrence G. Nicodemus and Joseph N. Bitar with work on writing and documenting the Coeur d'Alene language. Its reading-and-writing article combines a community history of that work with alphabet and lesson material. These public resources offer a concrete way into language learning while leaving present fluency and teaching outcomes unmeasured.", "sourceIds": [ "cd-reading-writing" ] }, { "title": "The lake and a dated environmental account", "text": "The Tribe's lake-management account links water with spiritual and material life, and discusses mining pollution, management planning and hydropower licensing. Several conditions and procedural details are explicitly dated to 2005. Read it as the Tribe's environmental history and perspective, then seek newer records for current cleanup conditions.", "sourceIds": [ "cd-lake-challenges" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "cd-history", "title": "History", "publisher": "Coeur d’Alene Tribe", "url": "https://www.cdatribe-nsn.gov/our-tribe/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "History", "Homelands" ], "annotation": "Community historical overview covering place, naming, government and changes in land ownership. Its acreage and timeline statements are attributed to the Tribe’s page and should be compared with dated treaties, court records and planning documents; no old population estimate is reused as current.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23" }, { "id": "cd-reading-writing", "title": "Reading and Writing in the Coeur d’Alene Language", "publisher": "Coeur d’Alene Tribe, Culture Department", "url": "https://www.cdatribe-nsn.gov/culture/language/reading-and-writing-in-the-coeur-dalene-language/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Writing", "Community history" ], "annotation": "Read the complete public article and its alphabet/lesson material. The Tribe recounts a 1973 documentation effort and credits Lawrence G. Nicodemus and Joseph N. Bitar with language documentation and orthography work. This community narrative and teaching resource describes a particular language project, not a fluency survey.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23" }, { "id": "cd-lake-challenges", "title": "Lake Management: Challenges", "publisher": "Coeur d’Alene Tribe", "url": "https://www.cdatribe-nsn.gov/lake/challenges/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Water", "Environmental history", "Stewardship" ], "annotation": "Read the complete public page, including its discussion of the lake’s spiritual and material importance, mining pollution, the 1991–95 management plan and hydropower licensing. The page explicitly dates several conditions and procedural details to 2005; use it as historical context, not a current status report.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23" } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-id/tribal-lands", "publisher": "United States Attorney’s Office, District of Idaho", "scope": "Actual Tribal Lands main body, lines39–43; five named governments located wholly/partly in Idaho. Only names and current regional location used; no historical/territorial or population claims adopted. Page updated November2,2021.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://www.bia.gov/regional-offices/northwest/tribes-served", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs, Northwest Regional Office", "scope": "Actual Tribes Served list, lines12–29; exact government labels for Coeur d’Alene, Fort Hall, Kootenai and Nez Perce entries. Regional agency listing does not itself establish a homeland or cultural affiliation.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 81 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Compare selected community chronology with dated agreements and land records; current legal rules are not established.", "Update environmental implementation through newer records before describing present cleanup conditions.", "Broaden family, arts and foodways voices; no community review or language-outcomes assessment is recorded." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A compact source-led introduction to this named government. Selected public sources provide useful orientation, with limited voices, historical coverage and outcome evaluation; no comprehensive completion or community endorsement is claimed.", "remainingLimits": [ "Compare selected community chronology with dated agreements and land records; current legal rules are not established.", "Update environmental implementation through newer records before describing present cleanup conditions.", "Broaden family, arts and foodways voices; no community review or language-outcomes assessment is recorded." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "cd-history", "cd-reading-writing", "cd-lake-challenges" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Community-specific starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "cd-history", "origin": { "originalId": 81, "profile": "Coeur d'Alene", "date": "2026-10-23" }, "inspectionBasis": "Reused exact prior source object, original review date and annotation/scope; no fresh original-source inspection claimed.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "scopeIfNoSeparateField": "Community historical overview covering place, naming, government and changes in land ownership. Its acreage and timeline statements are attributed to the Tribe’s page and should be compared with dated treaties, court records and planning documents; no old population estimate is reused as current." }, { "sourceId": "cd-reading-writing", "origin": { "originalId": 81, "profile": "Coeur d'Alene", "date": "2026-10-23" }, "inspectionBasis": "Reused exact prior source object, original review date and annotation/scope; no fresh original-source inspection claimed.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "scopeIfNoSeparateField": "Read the complete public article and its alphabet/lesson material. The Tribe recounts a 1973 documentation effort and credits Lawrence G. Nicodemus and Joseph N. Bitar with language documentation and orthography work. This community narrative and teaching resource describes a particular language project, not a fluency survey." }, { "sourceId": "cd-lake-challenges", "origin": { "originalId": 81, "profile": "Coeur d'Alene", "date": "2026-10-23" }, "inspectionBasis": "Reused exact prior source object, original review date and annotation/scope; no fresh original-source inspection claimed.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "scopeIfNoSeparateField": "Read the complete public page, including its discussion of the lake’s spiritual and material importance, mining pollution, the 1991–95 management plan and hydropower licensing. The page explicitly dates several conditions and procedural details to 2005; use it as historical context, not a current status report." } ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-02", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "cd-history", "reason": "Start with the Tribe's own account of place, government and historical land change." }, { "sourceId": "cd-reading-writing", "reason": "Meet the named language-documentation work and public teaching material." }, { "sourceId": "cd-lake-challenges", "reason": "Read the Tribe's lake perspective with its explicit historical dates." } ], "scopeNote": "Named government route; nearby people-level profiles remain related reading rather than interchangeable identities. Review dates and selected-content limits are preserved.", "reviewBasis": "Prior actual-content source records reused with explicit provenance; Nez Perce sources newly inspected on the package date. Picture review is recorded separately.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Compare selected community chronology with dated agreements and land records; current legal rules are not established.", "Update environmental implementation through newer records before describing present cleanup conditions.", "Broaden family, arts and foodways voices; no community review or language-outcomes assessment is recorded." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "imageRecordId": "coeur-dalene-tribe-seltice-warner-1891" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "A community-specific starting guide reuses selected earlier actual-content reviews with their original dates/scopes. It does not add new global works merely because a URL appears on this route. Picture identification/rights are separate from historical adequacy or community endorsement." ], "identityVerificationNote": "Individually named Idaho government in the inspected federal directory. This name-only pass does not determine a broader people/language affiliation or make it synonymous with an existing people-level route.", "slug": "coeur-dalene-tribe", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-ID", "name": "Idaho", "key": "us-id" } ] }, { "name": "Cold Springs Rancheria of Mono Indians of California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Cold Springs Rancheria of Mono Indians of California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "cold-springs-rancheria-of-mono-indians-of-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Coldwater Indian Band", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / band government", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Coldwater Indian Band has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community government in the BC Assembly of First Nations community directory. Directory inclusion and administrative region do not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or a relationship to every broader people label.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body: exact selected name and its region label at lines 111-113; page heading at line 11 supplies British Columbia context. Only selected name/administrative-region content used. No linked histories, affiliation claims, images, interactive map operation or government-power analysis reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "coldwater-indian-band", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 82, "name": "Colville", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Washington", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "The Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation includes multiple distinct constituent peoples.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation includes multiple distinct constituent peoples.", "sourceIds": [ "p82-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Confederated governance, individual peoples’ histories, languages and displacement. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p82-s1", "p82-s2", "p82-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p82-s1", "title": "History & Archaeology — Colville Tribes", "publisher": "colvilletribes.com", "url": "https://www.colvilletribes.com/history-archaeology/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History & Archaeology — Colville Tribes” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p82-s2", "title": "Traditional Territories — Colville Tribes", "publisher": "colvilletribes.com", "url": "https://www.colvilletribes.com/traditional-territories", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Traditional Territories — Colville Tribes” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p82-s3", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Colville", "publisher": "grantcountywa.gov", "url": "https://www.grantcountywa.gov/DocumentCenter/View/15105", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Colville” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 277, 357, 438 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "colville", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "originalId": 83, "name": "Comanche", "region": "Southern Plains / Texas / Oklahoma", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Comanche people’s histories connect the Southern Plains, Texas and the present Comanche Nation in Oklahoma. This foundation brings the Nation’s own account together with community-directed language history, a consulted Texas report, an edited treaty and attributed educational accounts. Historical bands, the broader people and the present government retain their own contexts.", "sections": [ { "title": "Names, a wider people and a present Nation", "text": "The Comanche Nation uses Nʉmʉnʉʉ for its people. Its own historical account connects movement onto the Plains with horse-based life and kinship-based bands. This people-level directory route and the present government are related levels of description, rather than one unchanged organization across all periods. Current membership numbers and governing rules require separate dated verification.", "sourceIds": [ "p83-s1" ] }, { "title": "Bands need their own context", "text": "The consulted TxDOT report describes changing local bands and wider divisions, with relationships that could form and change. Penateka, Nokoni and Quahadi are among its historical labels. These names should remain individually searchable when their identities and aliases are checked; a list of bands does not prove that each is a separate present government.", "sourceIds": [ "p83-txdot2021" ] }, { "title": "Plains movement and Texas history", "text": "The Nation’s account follows movement southward and emphasizes horses and bison. TxDOT’s selected historical chapters connect Texas history to military pressure and removal to reservation life. These broad accounts provide a starting chronology, not precise homeland boundaries. The report contains internal date problems that remain disclosed in its source card.", "sourceIds": [ "p83-s1", "p83-txdot2021" ] }, { "title": "Reading the 1867 treaty critically", "text": "The Medicine Lodge treaty transcription contains a reservation provision, a reserved hunting clause and a consent requirement for later cession of reservation land. It also sets out federal services and compulsory English-school attendance. The text places promises of protection and services alongside compulsory schooling and requirements to make the reservation a permanent home. The wording alone does not establish implementation, universal agreement or present-day legal rights.", "sourceIds": [ "p83-medicine-lodge1867" ] }, { "title": "Community-directed language institutions", "text": "The Language Department’s account traces its planning to community organizing in 2017 and funding for fiscal 2019. It recognizes the earlier preservation committee and describes teacher certification, curriculum and digital resources among its goals. These are the department’s reported history and aims; this review did not test an app, inspect a curriculum or measure fluency.", "sourceIds": [ "p83-language-department" ] }, { "title": "A dated record of teaching across communities", "text": "Fuentes’s 1999 source book records preservation work and a Toya Band language class in Albuquerque and Santa Fe. It describes volunteer teaching, intergenerational participation and materials in that historical setting. The two program entries form one reviewed educational work. They do not establish today’s schedule, participation or separate-government status.", "sourceIds": [ "p83-fuentes1999" ] }, { "title": "Language, family memory and individual experience", "text": "The Boulder report presents Ruth Toathy’s and Rosemary Chibity’s differing memories of language use at home and pressure toward English, alongside Leonard Chibity’s comments on place names. These are named personal accounts within an edited public report. They help readers see lived experiences without turning one recollection into a statement about every Comanche family.", "sourceIds": [ "p83-boulder-ethnography" ] }, { "title": "A Texas primary document before Medicine Lodge", "text": "The 1844 Tehuacana Creek text joins peace provisions with regulated trade, government agents and proposed English-language, Christian and agricultural instruction. Its 22 articles make those different aims visible together. The document lists several Indigenous parties separately; a shared instrument does not merge their identities. References to a line do not themselves establish a precise agreed territorial boundary.", "sourceIds": [ "p83-tehuacana1844" ] }, { "title": "Penateka diplomacy and German settlement", "text": "Babcock’s study of the 1847 Meusebach agreement gives Comanche leaders and intermediaries a role alongside the German negotiator. He challenges accounts that credit one man alone and places negotiations within settlement pressures. His interpretation is useful to compare with the primary record; it should not become a claim that every Comanche band accepted the same agreement or that later pressures disappeared.", "sourceIds": [ "p83-babcock2023" ] }, { "title": "Remembering code talkers through families and language", "text": "In the Nation’s report, Lloyd Heminokeky explains the importance of honoring code talkers through family participation and language-department work. LaNora Parker describes her father Simmons Parker as a teacher of Comanche history and pride. These named accounts connect public remembrance with family learning, without defining every family’s experience or reproducing songs and ceremonial material.", "sourceIds": [ "p83-code-talker-honor-dance" ] }, { "title": "Schooling and wartime language use in one person’s account", "text": "The museum places Charles Chibitty’s recollection in his Ft. Sill Indian School years: he and his cousin stopped speaking their language when staff approached. Its text distinguishes this from Haskell, where it says Native languages were allowed despite strict discipline. The same resource presents his memories of Comanche military recruitment and collaborative code-making. These are selected, edited recollections, not a record of every school, speaker or military unit.", "sourceIds": [ "p83-nmai-native-words-2020" ] }, { "title": "A veteran’s later working and teaching life", "text": "The exhibition follows Chibitty beyond military service into further education, work as a glazier and continued community life. It cites his adopted daughter Carrie Wilson’s memory of his readiness to teach Comanche, through a 2005 article by Rudi Williams. This is an attributed family account in the museum’s retelling; the original article and complete interview were not independently reviewed. It offers an individual example of continuity rather than a measure of language-program success.", "sourceIds": [ "p83-nmai-native-words-2020" ] }, { "title": "What this foundation still needs", "text": "Ten inspected works now offer a wider reading foundation, including Texas diplomacy and selected twentieth-century experiences of schooling, military language work and later teaching. Comanche-authored historical scholarship, original negotiation and implementation records, fuller community and government histories, and careful band-level comparisons remain needed. A selected personal account does not fill all those gaps. No comprehensive history, current legal assessment or community endorsement is claimed.", "sourceIds": [ "p83-s1", "p83-txdot2021", "p83-medicine-lodge1867", "p83-language-department", "p83-fuentes1999", "p83-boulder-ethnography", "p83-tehuacana1844", "p83-babcock2023", "p83-code-talker-honor-dance", "p83-nmai-native-words-2020" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p83-s1", "title": "History — the Comanche Nation’s institutional account", "publisher": "Comanche Nation", "url": "https://www.comanchenation.com/about/page/history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Community organization" ], "annotation": "The Nation’s own short account of movement, horses, bison and kinship-based bands. Read its historical overview separately from current administrative details.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete History body, web lines172–178. No current population, electoral eligibility or administrator-selection rule is adopted without checking governing instruments.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessStatus": "Public text inspected", "language": "en", "perspective": "Institutional community account; brief and undated, not a comprehensive history.", "countReason": "One short but explanatory community historical account, read beyond navigation." }, { "id": "p83-s2", "title": "Culture | Comanche Nation, Oklahoma", "publisher": "comanchenation.com", "url": "https://www.comanchenation.com/culture", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Retained cultural-department navigation route. Its index is not an additional substantive work.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "accessStatus": "Supporting navigation route; linked content separately reviewed" }, { "id": "p83-s3", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Comanche", "publisher": "utrgv.edu", "url": "https://www.utrgv.edu/chaps/_files/documents/native-american-peoples-of-south-texas-pdf.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Retained university-hosted reading lead; relevant selected content has not been inspected for this Comanche foundation.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "accessStatus": "Unread lead", "accessNotes": "Do not count the linked volume or its Comanche section as inspected content." }, { "id": "p83-language-department", "title": "About Us — Comanche Nation Language Department", "url": "https://www.talkcomanche.org/about", "publisher": "Comanche Nation Language Department", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Education", "Community institutions" ], "annotation": "A public institutional history connecting the language planning group, the preservation committee and the department’s teaching goals. Descriptions of aims are not measured learning outcomes.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete About Us body, web lines10–130, including How it began, language planning, preservation committee and department goals. Linked videos, dictionary, app, curriculum, certification records and learner outcomes not inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessStatus": "Public text inspected", "language": "en", "perspective": "Department’s own retrospective and program description; undated.", "countReason": "One substantive institutional account. The related Nation language landing route is not counted again.", "relatedInspectedLinks": [ { "title": "Nation language department access route", "url": "https://www.comanchenation.com/culture/page/language", "scope": "Official indexed body links TalkComanche; direct body retrieval failed. This route is supporting identification, not another inspected work." } ] }, { "id": "p83-txdot2021", "title": "TxDOT Tribal Histories: Comanche Nation Research Report — selected pages", "url": "https://ftp.txdot.gov/pub/txdot-info/env/toolkit/415-03-rpt.pdf", "publisher": "Texas Department of Transportation", "type": "Government / community-consulted research", "topics": [ "Texas", "History", "Bands", "Displacement" ], "annotation": "A chronological Texas synthesis prepared with the Nation’s historic-preservation office. Selected text supports a regional starting guide; its sources, dates and interpretations still need comparison.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Downloaded actual72-page PDF and read selected text: printed/PDFpp3,6–10,35–36,50–54. Map images and cited originals were not inspected; no sensitive-site locations or ceremonial instructions are reproduced.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessStatus": "Public text inspected", "language": "en", "publicationDate": "2021-12", "citation": "Texas Department of Transportation. 2021. TxDOT Tribal Histories: Comanche Nation Research Report. December. Selected pages.", "accessNotes": "Browser fetch timed out; official file downloaded successfully and selected pages extracted with pypdf. Review is textual, not visual inspection of illustrations. Internal chronology includes Texas annexation as1846 onp36 and a March1882 visit after1891 onp54; these dates are not adopted. Evaluative claims about individual leaders and reported historical counts remain outside this synthesis. Consultation does not make every statement independently verified.", "perspective": "Agency synthesis with documented Comanche THPO consultation; underlying works not independently inspected.", "countReason": "One substantial directly relevant report, selected pages read; alternate host and archive editions would be the same work." }, { "id": "p83-medicine-lodge1867", "title": "Treaty with the Kiowa and Comanche, 1867 — edited primary text", "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-kiowa-and-comanche-1867-0977", "publisher": "Oklahoma State University Libraries, Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties", "type": "Primary historical document / edited transcription", "topics": [ "Treaties", "Sovereignty", "Education", "Land policy" ], "annotation": "The edited treaty text juxtaposes reservation and hunting provisions with federal promises and compulsory schooling. Its wording is evidence of the agreement’s terms, not proof of implementation or every Comanche person’s consent.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Actual HTML preamble, ratification/proclamation metadata, Articles1–16 and signatory columns; selected focus Articles2,7,11,12,16. Manuscript, scan images, negotiations, ratification record and subsequent interpretation not independently inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessStatus": "Public text inspected", "language": "en", "publicationDate": "1867-10-21", "citation": "Treaty with the Kiowa and Comanche, October 21, 1867, 15 Stat. 581; ratification advised July 25, 1868; proclaimed August 25, 1868. Edited text, Oklahoma State University Libraries.", "accessNotes": "Public HTML transcription. Indigenous Digital Archive RIT364 catalogue separately confirms identification; its catalogue is not a second substantive work. Historical terminology and assimilationist policy are not adopted. This is historical reading, not current legal guidance.", "countReason": "One directly relevant primary-document transcription inspected in substance.", "perspective": "U.S. treaty text mediated by a later editorial transcription; it does not substitute for Indigenous accounts of negotiation." }, { "id": "p83-fuentes1999", "title": "Profiles of Native Language Education Programs — Comanche entries", "url": "https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED428921.pdf", "publisher": "Southwest Educational Development Laboratory; ERIC, U.S. Department of Education", "type": "Educational research / dated program account", "topics": [ "Language", "Education", "Community programs" ], "annotation": "A dated education source describing preservation work and a Toya Band language class. Use it to study the 1990s program record, rather than infer current classes, participation or outcomes.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Actual PDF text, printedpp19–21/PDFpp26–28: Comanche Language and Cultural Preservation and Comanche Language Class of the Toya Band. Title/author/date metadata inspected. Entire77-page volume, underlying questionnaires and teaching materials not reviewed.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessStatus": "Public text inspected", "language": "en", "authors": [ "Nancy Fuentes" ], "publicationDate": "1999", "citation": "Fuentes, Nancy. 1999. Profiles of Native Language Education Programs: A Source Book for Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. Austin: Southwest Educational Development Laboratory. ERIC ED428921. Selected pp. 19–21.", "accessNotes": "Public PDF. Source reports community education in its own1999 setting; old contact details and numerical program claims are not republished. The named class is not automatically a current government or a separate ethnic people.", "perspective": "External education-program compilation drawing on reported program information; historically situated.", "countReason": "One dated educational work; its two Comanche program entries count together once." }, { "id": "p83-boulder-ethnography", "title": "The City of Boulder Ethnographic Education Report: Comanche Nation — selected sections", "url": "https://bouldercolorado.gov/ethnographic-education-report-comanche-nation", "publisher": "City of Boulder, with named Comanche contributors", "type": "Government / attributed community oral-history account", "topics": [ "Language", "Oral history", "Community memory" ], "annotation": "Named contributors describe language, family memory and changing transmission. Personal recollections remain attributed; the municipal report does not establish one uniform experience or a fixed boundary.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Actual HTML contributor list and selected explanatory sections The Comanche People and Language, web lines8–19 and53–61. No interview audio, raw transcripts, illustrations, ceremonial details or sensitive locations independently inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessStatus": "Public text inspected", "language": "en", "accessNotes": "Public explanatory HTML. Contributors include Ruth Toathy, Rosemary Chibity, Leonard Chibity and Martina Minthorn; the page supplies their roles. No current speaker estimate or independent verification of each recollection is claimed. Its broad Precolonial heading is not a warrant to date later horse or church practices before European contact.", "perspective": "Municipal report presenting named community recollections alongside editorial synthesis; distinguish the two.", "countReason": "One directly relevant explanatory account with attributed participant voices, selected sections inspected." }, { "id": "p83-tehuacana1844", "title": "Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Commerce at Tehuacana Creek, October 9, 1844 — document 76", "url": "https://archive.texashistorytrust.org/view/49753277/121/", "publisher": "Texas State Library archival edition; later Texas State Historical Association reprint; Texas History Trust digital reading copy", "type": "Primary historical treaty / edited archival transcription", "topics": [ "Texas", "Diplomacy", "Trade", "Treaties", "Education policy" ], "annotation": "The complete edited treaty permits close reading of peace, trade restrictions, agents and educational intervention. Its terms are historical evidence, not proof of implementation, unanimous assent or current rights.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One complete directly relevant primary-document transcription, not one work per article, page or host.", "contentReviewScope": "Document 76, printed pp. 114–119: preamble, Articles I–XXII, commissioner and signatory/interpreter text; actual HTML reading pages 121–126. Preface and repository metadata also read. Original manuscript and images not visually inspected.", "publicationDate": "1844-10-09", "citation": "Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Commerce, October 9, 1844, document 76, in Dorman H. Winfrey and James M. Day, eds., The Indian Papers of Texas and the Southwest 1825–1916, vol.2, pp. 114–119. Digital reading copy and UNT record.", "dateBasis": "Document date is 1844. UNT describes a 1995 reprint of a 1966 publication; the reproduced preface is dated 1960. These are different dating layers.", "perspective": "English diplomatic text mediated by later archival editing; historical group labels and signatory columns require contextual reading.", "accessStatus": "Public English HTML page text and university repository record", "accessNotes": "OCR has errors, especially in the signatory layout. No individual alias mapping or universal band representation inferred. References to a line do not by themselves define an agreed boundary. Ratification and later fulfillment are not independently established.", "rightsNotes": "Link and brief paraphrase only; no rehosting or image reuse proposed.", "relatedInspectedLinks": [ { "title": "UNT stable repository record and edition metadata", "url": "https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth786487/", "scope": "Actual repository metadata: editors, publisher, reprint dates and stable identifier." }, { "title": "Articles I–VI, printed p.115", "url": "https://archive.texashistorytrust.org/view/49753277/122/", "scope": "Actual complete page text." }, { "title": "Articles VI–XV, printed p.116", "url": "https://archive.texashistorytrust.org/view/49753277/123/", "scope": "Actual complete page text." }, { "title": "Articles XVI–XXII, printed p.117", "url": "https://archive.texashistorytrust.org/view/49753277/124/", "scope": "Actual complete page text." }, { "title": "Signatory text, printed p.118", "url": "https://archive.texashistorytrust.org/view/49753277/125/", "scope": "Text only; column alignment not independently verified visually." }, { "title": "Signatories and interpreters, printed p.119", "url": "https://archive.texashistorytrust.org/view/49753277/126/", "scope": "Treaty ending only; the next document is not counted." } ], "language": "en" }, { "id": "p83-babcock2023", "title": "German-Comanche Diplomacy on the Texas Frontier: Assessing the Meusebach-Comanche Treaty of 1847", "url": "https://journals.ku.edu/ygas/article/view/20059", "publisher": "Yearbook of German-American Studies / Society for German-American Studies; University of Kansas journal platform", "author": "Matthew Babcock", "type": "Scholarly historical analysis", "topics": [ "Texas", "Penateka", "Diplomacy", "German settlement", "Source criticism" ], "annotation": "A focused reassessment of the 1847 negotiations and their commemoration. Babcock weighs Comanche agency, intermediaries and settlement pressures; the original memoirs and treaty are not independently read here.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One substantive 16-page article; viewer, PDF and landing record are one work.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual publisher-hosted 16-page PDF downloaded normally, HTTP 200,165,692 bytes. Complete main article printed pp. 57–68/PDF pp. 1–12 read. Notes encountered selectively; underlying manuscripts, memoirs and artworks not inspected.", "publicationDate": "2023-04-19", "citation": "Babcock, Matthew. “German-Comanche Diplomacy on the Texas Frontier: Assessing the Meusebach-Comanche Treaty of 1847.” Yearbook of German-American Studies 56 (issue 2021):57–72. Online publication April 19, 2023.", "dateBasis": "Publisher records issue 56(2021), online publication 2023-04-19. Preserve both.", "perspective": "Outside historian’s interpretation using archival and settler accounts, not a Comanche-authored consensus.", "accessStatus": "Public English PDF with extractable text; public citation record", "accessNotes": "Do not repeat the article’s “late December 1847” uprising within a pre-January 1847 sequence, or its 1987/Fredericksburg 150 th-anniversary pairing. Broad claims about permanent peace, all Germans or all Comanches remain attributed interpretations, not settled universals.", "rightsNotes": "Publisher record declares CC BY-NC 4.0. This patch proposes links and brief paraphrase only; no artworks or facsimiles reused.", "relatedInspectedLinks": [ { "title": "Actual article PDF", "url": "https://journals.ku.edu/ygas/article/download/20059/18021/53288", "scope": "Main argument printed pp.57–68; selected note inspection only." }, { "title": "Publisher-declared license", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/", "scope": "License link supplied by actual journal record; no separate image clearance claimed." } ], "language": "en" }, { "id": "p83-code-talker-honor-dance", "title": "Comanche Nation Language Department Hosts Code Talker Dance — named family and language-worker accounts", "url": "https://www.comanchenation.com/communications/page/comanche-nation-language-department-hosts-code-talker-dance", "publisher": "Comanche Nation, Communications", "type": "Indigenous-led / institutional reporting with attributed community voices", "topics": [ "Language", "Families", "Historical memory", "Code Talkers", "Community education" ], "annotation": "A substantial first-party report connects remembrance, language work and family teaching through named speakers. Their experiences remain attributed; an event report is not a comprehensive military history.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One explanatory community-published report with extended named accounts, read beyond a listing or announcement.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete main article body, opening event account through final participant paragraph. Normal public HTTP 200 download 57,293 bytes after web-tool restriction; no login or challenge bypass. No photos, audio or song performance inspected.", "perspective": "Comanche Nation report quoting Lloyd Heminokeky and LaNora Parker about remembrance and family experience.", "accessStatus": "Public readable English HTML; normal direct retrieval succeeded", "accessNotes": "No publication year or byline found in inspected content/metadata. The stated November 24 event is not assigned a year from its weekday or the current calendar footer. No present event schedule, military total or universal family experience inferred.", "rightsNotes": "No reproduction license established. Brief paraphrase and link only; song, quotations and photographs are not reproduced.", "language": "en" }, { "id": "p83-nmai-native-words-2020", "title": "Native Words, Native Warriors — Charles Chibitty’s schooling, wartime language work and later life", "url": "https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/code-talkers/boarding-schools/", "publisher": "National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution", "author": "Edwin Schupman (Muscogee), project developer and writer; museum-edited Charles Chibitty accounts and credited collaborators", "type": "Indigenous-authored museum education / edited first-person and family accounts", "topics": [ "Twentieth-century history", "Language", "Education", "Community memory", "Veterans" ], "citation": "National Museum of the American Indian. Native Words, Native Warriors. Smithsonian Institution, copyright 2020. Selected sections 3.5, Comanche excerpts in 4.2 and 4.4, and 6.3; credits identify Edwin Schupman as project developer and writer and NMAI 2004 code-talker interviews.", "dateBasis": "The actual credits state Smithsonian/NMAI copyright 2020 and credit code-talker interviews to NMAI, 2004. These are different dates; the copyright date is not an asserted date for Chibitty’s schooling, interview delivery or every page revision.", "annotation": "Selected Charles Chibitty material connects schooling, wartime language work and later teaching. The resource distinguishes his recollections, family testimony and museum narration; it is one educational work, not a count per chapter or speaker.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual public HTML: Chapter 3 opening and section 3.5 (web lines 97–110); Chapter 4 Comanche recruitment passage and Chibitty excerpt (lines 63–64, 88–92) and Creating Special Code Words with his account (lines 146–156); Chapter 6 section 6.3 (lines 77–84). Introduction 1.4 and Chapter 2 Comanche orientation were read for identification/context, not counted separately. Actual credits lines 9–20, 70–117 identify production, writer and interview/recording provenance. No complete exhibition, interview, audio, classroom worksheet, code dictionary, image or map inspection claimed.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One substantive museum educational work with multiple selected explanatory and attributed first-person sections actually inspected; chapters, credits and biographies are not inflated into separate works.", "perspective": "Museum education written by Edwin Schupman, identified as Muscogee in the credits, with Comanche first-person material. This is not a Comanche Nation-authored government history or a claim of whole-community endorsement. Museum narration, Chibitty’s edited recollections and the family account cited through another writer remain distinct.", "accessStatus": "Public readable English HTML, no login/paywall encountered", "accessNotes": "Reading was of text and captions, not audio playback or pictures. Section 3.5 distinguishes Ft. Sill punishment from Haskell, where the museum says Native languages were allowed despite strict discipline. Do not flatten those schools into one identical policy. Section 6.3 attributes daughter Carrie Wilson’s statement through Rudi Williams (2005); the underlying article was not independently inspected. Whole interviews, school files and military records remain unreviewed. No current speaker/membership totals, hereditary-leadership generalization or program-outcome claim is adopted. Web extraction of the actual HTML body succeeded; normal Python direct retrieval returned HTTP403 for all four selected/credit URLs. No retry, access-control bypass or reader-paywall inference was made. The actual web-tool body response is retained privately.", "rightsNotes": "Copyright and contributor credits retained. Link and brief paraphrase only; no audio, songs, images, maps, interview transcript or classroom worksheets rehosted, and no general Smithsonian reuse permission assumed.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Code Talking — Comanche recruitment and code-making excerpts", "url": "https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/code-talkers/code-talking/", "scope": "Selected actual HTML passages in sections 4.2 and 4.4; other nations’ recollections are not assigned to Comanche participants." }, { "title": "Survival — Charles Chibitty after the war", "url": "https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/code-talkers/survival/", "scope": "Section 6.3 actual text, including museum narrative and attributed daughter’s account via a 2005 article." }, { "title": "Production and interview credits", "url": "https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/code-talkers/credits/", "scope": "Project developer/writer, Smithsonian copyright 2020 and NMAI 2004 interviews/Comanche recording credits. Neither a separate work nor independent inspection of original media." } ], "language": "en" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "overviewSourceIds": [ "p83-s1", "p83-txdot2021", "p83-language-department" ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "One selected museum educational work strengthens twentieth-century language and individual community-continuity coverage. Ten substantive works still have selected/mediated evidence and uneven historical coverage; original school/military records, fuller community and government histories, and more Comanche-authored scholarship remain unreviewed. Quantity does not establish adequacy, completion or endorsement.", "remainingLimits": [ "Selected-page and selected-section review does not imply complete reading of each volume.", "Underlying treaty manuscript, negotiations, implementation and later legal interpretation remain unreviewed.", "TxDOT internal chronology and evaluative interpretations require comparison rather than automatic adoption.", "The 1999 education record is historical; current program outcomes and language-use counts are not verified.", "No community review or endorsement is recorded.", "The 1844 text is an edited English archival transcription with OCR/signatory-layout limits. Original manuscript, translation, ratification and implementation need separate review.", "The 1847 study is outside scholarly interpretation, substantially mediated by settler records. Its two internally problematic date statements are excluded.", "The Nation’s remembrance article supplies named experiences but no verified publication year or complete military-history evidence. It is not a program-outcome assessment.", "Comanche-authored historical scholarship and distinct band-level histories remain important gaps. Treaty participation alone does not establish every community’s consent or present citizenship.", "The Smithsonian addition reviews selected edited Chibitty passages, not full interviews, original school/military records or comprehensive twentieth-century community/government history. A daughter’s statement is read through the museum’s citation to Williams (2005), not through independent review of that article." ], "searchScope": " Follow-up October 26, 2026: read the complete edited 1844 treaty text, document 76, printed pp. 114–119; Babcock’s main article, printed pp. 57–68 with selected notes; and the complete main body of the Nation’s public Code Talker Honor Dance report. Original treaty manuscript, underlying scholarly primary documents, images, audio and song performance were not inspected. October 27: focused search, then actual selected public Smithsonian HTML and production credits; no further broad discovery or media inspection." }, "researchComplete": false, "compiledAt": "2026-10-27", "researchGaps": [ "Selected-page and selected-section review does not imply complete reading of each volume.", "Underlying treaty manuscript, negotiations, implementation and later legal interpretation remain unreviewed.", "TxDOT internal chronology and evaluative interpretations require comparison rather than automatic adoption.", "The 1999 education record is historical; current program outcomes and language-use counts are not verified.", "No community review or endorsement is recorded.", "The 1844 text is an edited English archival transcription with OCR/signatory-layout limits. Original manuscript, translation, ratification and implementation need separate review.", "The 1847 study is outside scholarly interpretation, substantially mediated by settler records. Its two internally problematic date statements are excluded.", "The Nation’s remembrance article supplies named experiences but no verified publication year or complete military-history evidence. It is not a program-outcome assessment.", "Comanche-authored historical scholarship and distinct band-level histories remain important gaps. Treaty participation alone does not establish every community’s consent or present citizenship.", "The Smithsonian addition reviews selected edited Chibitty passages, not full interviews, original school/military records or comprehensive twentieth-century community/government history. A daughter’s statement is read through the museum’s citation to Williams (2005), not through independent review of that article." ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-01", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p83-s1", "reason": "The Comanche Nation's brief history introduces movement and kinship-based bands in the government's own voice." }, { "sourceId": "p83-txdot2021", "reason": "Selected pages of this report add Texas chronology with documented Nation preservation-office consultation; its internal date problems remain flagged." }, { "sourceId": "p83-language-department", "reason": "The Language Department explains how community planning and preservation work led to its stated teaching goals." }, { "sourceId": "p83-nmai-native-words-2020", "reason": "Selected Charles Chibitty material connects schooling, wartime language work and later teaching through clearly attributed individual and family recollections." } ], "scopeNote": "Comanche people, historical bands and the present Oklahoma-based Comanche Nation retain distinct scopes. The TxDOT review covers selected pages, and the NMAI path covers selected text sections rather than a complete exhibition or interview; no audio was evaluated. Automated retrieval failures do not establish a reader paywall.", "reviewRationale": "The path moves from community orientation to regional history, community language institutions and a named person's experience; it avoids unread university leads and the culture index.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Original treaty and colonial records, fuller band histories and independent program outcomes remain open.", "Preserve the report's chronology cautions and the distinction between Ft. Sill and Haskell schooling in the Chibitty account.", "The Catlin village scene is an outside historical painting; neither exact modern-state location nor universal household practice follows from it." ], "imageRecordId": "comanche-village-catlin-1834-1835", "reviewBasis": "Review of existing actual-content source records, retained evidence ledgers and image identification/rights records. No new original-source inspection count, fresh image inspection or comprehensive completion is implied.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false }, "added": false, "slug": "comanche", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" }, { "id": "US-TX", "name": "Texas", "key": "us-tx" } ] }, { "name": "Comanche Nation, Oklahoma", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Oklahoma", "overview": "Comanche Nation, Oklahoma has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "comanche-nation-oklahoma", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "originalId": 84, "name": "Comox", "region": "British Columbia / Vancouver Island", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Comox appears alongside K’ómoks in community and historical sources on eastern Vancouver Island.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Comox appears alongside K’ómoks in community and historical sources on eastern Vancouver Island.", "sourceIds": [ "p84-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-preferred names, distinct language traditions and contemporary K’ómoks history. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p84-s1", "p84-s2", "p84-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p84-s1", "title": "Cultures - K'ómoks First Nation", "publisher": "komoks.ca", "url": "https://komoks.ca/cultures/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Cultures - K'ómoks First Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p84-s2", "title": "K’ómoks First Nation", "publisher": "komoks.ca", "url": "https://komoks.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/CCP-Version-1.0-March-2014.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “K’ómoks First Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p84-s3", "title": "THE PEOPLE OF THE", "publisher": "komoks.ca", "url": "https://komoks.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/People-of-the-Komoks-First-Nation-Final-Feb-8-2024.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “THE PEOPLE OF THE” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "comox", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians of Oregon", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Oregon", "overview": "Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians of Oregon has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "confederated-tribes-of-siletz-indians-of-oregon", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" } ] }, { "name": "Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Oregon", "overview": "Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "confederated-tribes-of-the-grand-ronde-community-of-oregon", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" } ] }, { "name": "Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Oregon", "overview": "Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "confederated-tribes-of-the-warm-springs-reservation-of-oregon", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" } ] }, { "name": "Confederated Villages of Lisjan Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Contemporary tribal confederation", "region": "California", "overview": "Confederated Villages of Lisjan Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "The state grantee profile identifies a confederation including Lisjan and Karkin Ohlone people and people with other named affiliations. Do not label the whole confederation exclusively Ohlone or create component-government claims from this roster.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://sgc.ca.gov/grant-programs/tribal/tribal-capacity-building-program-grantee-profiles/confederated-villages-of-lisjan-nation/", "publisher": "California Strategic Growth Council", "scope": "Named grantee, Bay Area setting and description as a confederation including Lisjan and Karkin Ohlone people only. Project/sensitive-site details and funding figures not adopted.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "inspectedLines": "22, 30, 43-44, 56", "access": "Public HTML actually read; identity-only selected content", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/california-missions/recommended-resources/", "publisher": "Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian", "scope": "Regional community roster, Ohlone and Esselen heading and named entries only. Its own note says the list is not comprehensive. No claim that every listed organization is a distinct people or one government.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "inspectedLines": "226-227, 310-322", "access": "Public HTML actually read; identity-only selected content", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [ "Confederated Villages of Lisjan" ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 263 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "confederated-villages-of-lisjan-nation", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [] }, { "originalId": 85, "name": "Congaree", "region": "Southeast / South Carolina", "kind": "Historical people / name", "overview": "Congaree is a historical people name associated with the river and floodplain region of central South Carolina.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Congaree is a historical people name associated with the river and floodplain region of central South Carolina.", "sourceIds": [ "p85-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Colonial records, changing communities and the limits of geographical names as evidence of identity. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p85-s1", "p85-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p85-s1", "title": "People in the Floodplain - Congaree National Park (U.S. National Park Service)", "publisher": "nps.gov", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/cong/learn/historyculture/history-culture.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “People in the Floodplain - Congaree National Park (U.S. National Park Service)” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p85-s2", "title": "Biosphere Region - Congaree National Park (U.S. National Park Service)", "publisher": "nps.gov", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/cong/learn/cbr.htm?pubDate=20250627", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Biosphere Region - Congaree National Park (U.S. National Park Service)” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "congaree", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-SC", "name": "South Carolina", "key": "us-sc" } ] }, { "name": "Cook's Ferry Indian Band", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / band government", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Cook's Ferry Indian Band has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community government in the BC Assembly of First Nations community directory. Directory inclusion and administrative region do not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or a relationship to every broader people label.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body: exact selected name and its region label at lines 115-116; page heading at line 11 supplies British Columbia context. Only selected name/administrative-region content used. No linked histories, affiliation claims, images, interactive map operation or government-power analysis reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "cooks-ferry-indian-band", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 86, "name": "Coos", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Oregon", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Coos peoples have homelands on the southern Oregon coast and continue through contemporary confederated communities.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Coos peoples have homelands on the southern Oregon coast and continue through contemporary confederated communities.", "sourceIds": [ "p86-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Hanis and Miluk language histories, coastal homelands and community government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p86-s1", "p86-s2", "p86-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p86-s1", "title": "History - Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians", "publisher": "ctclusi.org", "url": "https://ctclusi.org/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History - Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p86-s2", "title": "Language - Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians", "publisher": "ctclusi.org", "url": "https://ctclusi.org/languagepublic/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Language - Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p86-s3", "title": "Seeking recognition : the termination and restoration of the Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw Indians, 1855-1984 / David R.M. Beck | Smithsonian Institution", "publisher": "si.edu", "url": "https://www.si.edu/es/object/seeking-recognition-termination-and-restoration-coos-lower-umpqua-and-siuslaw-indians-1855-1984%3Asiris_sil_947108", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Seeking recognition : the termination and restoration of the Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw Indians, 1855-1984 / David R.M. Beck | Smithsonian Institution” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 351, 417 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "coos", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" } ] }, { "added": true, "name": "Coquille", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Oregon", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Coquille Indian Tribe has homelands in southwestern Oregon and publishes its own account of history and contemporary community life.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Coquille Indian Tribe has homelands in southwestern Oregon and publishes its own account of history and contemporary community life.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Coastal and river homelands, termination and restoration histories, language and contemporary government. Start with the annotated sources and compare each publisher’s scope and perspective.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1", "added-s2", "added-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "added-s1", "title": "Through the Millennia – Coquille Indian Tribe", "url": "https://www.coquilletribe.org/our-lands/through-the-millennia/", "publisher": "coquilletribe.org", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "added-s2", "title": "Coquille Indian Tribe", "publisher": "coquilletribe.org", "url": "https://www.coquilletribe.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/boc11-03-16-9edatt1a-kweninish-hanovember2016.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Coquille Indian Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "added-s3", "title": "[Coquille vocabulary, map, and census] | Smithsonian Institution", "publisher": "si.edu", "url": "https://www.si.edu/object/archives/components/sova-naa-ms9-ref36", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “[Coquille vocabulary, map, and census] | Smithsonian Institution” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 86, 417 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "slug": "coquille", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" } ] }, { "originalId": 87, "name": "Cora", "region": "Mexico / Nayarit", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Cora, also described through Náayeri self-designations, refers to Indigenous communities in western Mexico.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Cora, also described through Náayeri self-designations, refers to Indigenous communities in western Mexico.", "sourceIds": [ "p87-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language, community-specific names and territorial histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p87-s1", "p87-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p87-s1", "title": "Cora Language and the Cora Indian Tribe (Corapan, Chora, Naáyarite)", "publisher": "native-languages.org", "url": "https://www.native-languages.org/cora.htm", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Cora Language and the Cora Indian Tribe (Corapan, Chora, Naáyarite)” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p87-s2", "title": "Cora : Lenguas indígenas México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura", "publisher": "sic.cultura.gob.mx", "url": "https://sic.cultura.gob.mx/ficha.php?estado_id=18&table=inali_li&table_id=23", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Cora : Lenguas indígenas México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "cora", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 88, "name": "Coree", "region": "Southeast / North Carolina", "kind": "Historical people / name", "overview": "Coree is a historical people name associated with the coastal North Carolina region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Coree is a historical people name associated with the coastal North Carolina region.", "sourceIds": [ "p88-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Colonial sources, the Tuscarora War era and connections to later communities. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p88-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p88-s1", "title": "Coree Indians | NCpedia", "publisher": "ncpedia.org", "url": "https://www.ncpedia.org/coree-indians", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Coree Indians | NCpedia” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "coree", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NC", "name": "North Carolina", "key": "us-nc" } ] }, { "name": "Costanoan Rumsen Carmel Tribe", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Contemporary tribe", "region": "California", "overview": "Costanoan Rumsen Carmel Tribe has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "A specifically named contemporary Tribe appears in the Smithsonian Ohlone/Esselen community roster. The existing Rumsen and Ohlone labels are contextual reading routes, not evidence that all their communities share this organization.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.costanoanrumsen.org/", "publisher": "Costanoan Rumsen Carmel Tribe", "scope": "Official welcome, repeated Tribe name and California office location only. Recognition page and historical claims were not reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "inspectedLines": "50-55, 61-66", "access": "Public HTML actually read; identity-only selected content", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/california-missions/recommended-resources/", "publisher": "Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian", "scope": "Regional community roster, Ohlone and Esselen heading and named entries only. Its own note says the list is not comprehensive. No claim that every listed organization is a distinct people or one government.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "inspectedLines": "226-227, 310-322", "access": "Public HTML actually read; identity-only selected content", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 324, 263 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "costanoan-rumsen-carmel-tribe", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [] }, { "originalId": 89, "name": "Coushatta", "region": "Southeast / Louisiana / Texas", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Coushatta histories connect distinct communities in Texas, Louisiana and Oklahoma. This reading path distinguishes the peoples and their governments while introducing community history, archives and public language work.", "sections": [ { "title": "The shared Texas government has a particular history", "text": "The Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas describes Alabama and Coushatta as separate peoples with a long association. Its history connects migration into East Texas with relationships under successive colonial and state governments. The Tribe’s timeline dates federal restoration to 1987. This public account concerns the joint Texas institution, rather than making Louisiana and Oklahoma Coushatta communities branches of that government.", "sourceIds": [ "p89-s1" ] }, { "title": "Village leaders and a changing institutional name", "text": "The Tribe’s Chief History distinguishes leaders of Alabama villages, leaders of Coushatta villages and later Alabama-Coushatta chiefs. It names Coushatta leaders associated with different Texas communities and describes movement onto the Alabama reservation beginning in 1859. The publication’s structure makes village-level histories visible; it should not be read as proof that every earlier Coushatta community belonged to one unchanged modern government.", "sourceIds": [ "p89-s2" ] }, { "title": "The treaty text records a proposal, not a settled outcome", "text": "An edited transcript of the February 23, 1836 treaty names Alabama and Coushatta among groups styled “associate Bands” of the Cherokee, then proposes that those groups form one community within a described area. The document records a Republic of Texas negotiating position in that moment. Later historical accounts report that the agreement was not ratified; its text alone does not establish implementation, Indigenous acceptance of the proposed terms, or a continuing boundary.", "sourceIds": [ "co89-treaty1836", "co89-thc2026" ] }, { "title": "Federal law changed the Texas government’s legal relationship", "text": "The 1954 federal statute provided for transfer of trust lands to Texas and termination of federal supervision and services following a proclamation. In 1987, Congress restored federal recognition, the trust relationship and services for the Alabama and Coushatta Tribes of Texas, treating them as one tribal unit for federal-law purposes. The Tribe’s constitution, amended through 2023, says the Alabama and Coushatta were formerly distinct tribes and describes their shared legal government, territory and governing institutions. These legal texts concern the Texas government; they do not erase separate peoplehood or describe other Coushatta governments.", "sourceIds": [ "co89-pl6271954", "co89-pl10089-1987", "co89-constitution2023" ] }, { "title": "A 1932 history is useful only with its period and viewpoint visible", "text": "Harriet Smither’s long article follows Alabama history in Texas through colonial records, nineteenth-century land negotiations and federal reports. It provides a route into dated records, including petitions and land actions, but its terminology and descriptions reflect an early twentieth-century outside historian. This page uses it selectively as a historical source and does not carry its old population statements or character judgments forward as current fact.", "sourceIds": [ "co89-smither1932" ] }, { "title": "A state history article revisits the Texas Revolution story", "text": "The Texas Historical Commission’s 2026 article summarizes the Alabama-Coushatta role in events around the Texas Revolution, quoting historical sources and an attributed statement by Chief Colita. It also reports that the Texas Senate declined to ratify the 1836 treaty. Because this is a modern state-agency retrospective, its quotations and historical interpretations remain attributed to that article and its named sources.", "sourceIds": [ "co89-thc2026", "co89-treaty1836" ] }, { "title": "An archive route still awaiting inspection", "text": "The original Coushatta tribal-archive link remains available as a reading route, but its body could not be retrieved in this pass. No underlying collection item, narrative, image, recording or access permission was reviewed through it.", "sourceIds": [ "p89-s3" ] }, { "title": "Louisiana’s account of movement and institutional renewal", "text": "The Louisiana Tribe’s history describes successive settlements across a changing colonial borderland and an enduring community near Elton. It attributes renewed federal recognition in 1973 to years of community organizing and advocacy after services were withdrawn. These are the Tribe’s institutional historical statements. Its trajectory differs from the Texas restoration chronology and does not establish current eligibility, services or every family’s migration.", "sourceIds": [ "co89-la1" ] }, { "title": "Community decisions in language documentation", "text": "Bertney and Linda Langley describe a Koasati Language Committee whose members made spelling decisions and shaped practical teaching materials. Their account connects workshops, documentation training and collaborative review with community control of the resulting work. It records activities beginning in 2006–2007, rather than current program delivery. The chapter explains a process; its reported successes are not an independently measured learner-fluency outcome.", "sourceIds": [ "co89-aildi" ] }, { "title": "Texas connections extend beyond present government locations", "text": "TxDOT’s April 2021 report explicitly acknowledges collaboration with the Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana’s heritage staff. It describes several Coushatta communities in Texas and related travel networks connecting Texas and Louisiana. The account treats village decisions and movements separately. This history helps explain why a Louisiana-based government can have Texas interests; it is not a new territorial boundary or a claim that everyone followed one route.", "sourceIds": [ "co89-txdot" ] }, { "title": "The Oklahoma town’s own historical perspective", "text": "Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town describes Alabama and Quassarte as earlier distinct towns within the Muscogee Confederacy. Its history differentiates people who moved southwest into Louisiana and Texas from those removed with the Creeks to Indian Territory. The Oklahoma community’s continuing institutional story is therefore a separate reading path, rather than another name for the Texas or Louisiana government.", "sourceIds": [ "co89-ok1" ] }, { "title": "Community language work and a public Koasati dictionary", "text": "A community-coauthored AILDI chapter describes Koasati documentation workshops and the Language Committee’s decisions about writing and teaching materials. The Louisiana Coushatta Tribe’s public digital dictionary names its committee, guides and editor and provides word forms, definitions and selected examples. A separate short language page identifies Alabama as related to Koasati, not another name for it. Together these sources document Louisiana-centered language work; they do not establish identical practice across Texas and Oklahoma Coushatta institutions, a current speaker count, or measured learning outcomes.", "sourceIds": [ "co89-lang-support", "co89-aildi", "co89-digital-dictionary" ] }, { "title": "A Texas higher-education application route", "text": "A scholarship packet posted by the Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas in October 2025 shows how its education office organized an application process for college support. It connects admission records, transcripts, a student's study plans and a college financial-aid assessment; its agreement ties funds to educational expenses. This dated administrative source offers a route into the Texas government's institutional life. Student experiences and results remain unexamined, and the packet does not describe the Louisiana or Oklahoma governments.", "sourceIds": [ "co89-texas-scholarship-2025" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p89-s1", "title": "Alabama-Coushatta Tribe History", "publisher": "Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas", "url": "https://www.alabama-coushatta.com/about-us/our-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Texas", "Community history", "Shared government" ], "annotation": "The Texas Tribe’s historical account distinguishes Alabama and Coushatta peoples while tracing their association and Texas experience. Read it as a particular government’s public interpretation. Current membership, land totals, officials, services and legal entitlements are excluded.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual Origins, Texas-history narrative and timeline read. Selected historical relationships and the Tribe’s own restoration chronology; no linked treaty, map, statutory instrument or present administrative record inspected.", "publicationDate": "Undated page; 2026 footer is not publication", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p89-s2", "title": "Chief History", "author": "Based on Howard Martin’s research; page also contains later institutional additions", "publisher": "Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas", "url": "https://www.alabama-coushatta.com/about-us/chief-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Texas", "Village leadership", "Historical institutions" ], "annotation": "A separate extended biographical publication distinguishes Alabama, Coushatta and later shared chiefs. Its introduction credits tribal historian Howard Martin and a 2014 inauguration program; later entries are additions. Contradictory dates and sweeping identity statements are not adopted.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual provenance/introduction, Coushatta village-chief entries and selected shared-chief history read. Ceremonial titles, burial details, exact sites and current officeholder assertions excluded; not every biography independently verified.", "publicationDate": "Core attributed to 2014 inauguration program; later web additions through 2023 events are undated", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "co89-la1", "title": "Our Story", "publisher": "Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana", "url": "https://www.coushatta.org/our-story/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Louisiana", "Community history", "Institutional renewal" ], "annotation": "The Louisiana Tribe narrates migration, local settlement and efforts to restore its relationship with the federal government. This is its own institutional account, distinct from Texas history. Present population, promotional employment rankings and service claims are not used.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual historical body, lines 27–46, read; later enterprise paragraph screened but not synthesized. No recognition instrument, contemporary demographic record, maps or source images independently inspected.", "publicationDate": "Undated page; described event dates are not publication dates", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "co89-aildi", "title": "Kowassaaton Ilhaalos: Let Us Hear Koasati — Developing and Implementing the Koasati Language Project", "author": "Bertney Langley and Linda Langley", "publisher": "American Indian Language Development Institute, University of Arizona", "url": "https://aildi.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/aildi-30-year-book-04-kowassaaton-ilhaalos-let-us-hear-koasati.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Koasati language", "Community authority", "Documentation", "Education" ], "annotation": "A Heritage Department administrator and university collaborator explain community decisions in language documentation. The substantial chapter covers planning, spelling, training and teaching materials. Reported achievements remain the authors’ dated account, without present fluency estimates or independent outcome claims.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual seven-page excerpt, printed 20–26: selected project development, community ownership, workshop and methods passages on 21–25 plus alphabet-development note on 26. No linked textbook, recordings, narrative corpus or original survey reviewed.", "publicationDate": "Excerpt imprint not established; reports 2006–2009 activities and a planned fall 2010 opening", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Indigenous/community coauthored educational research" }, { "id": "co89-txdot", "title": "Tribal Histories: Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana Research Report", "publisher": "Texas Department of Transportation, Tribal Histories Project", "author": "No individual author identified in inspected title/introduction; Louisiana tribal collaboration explicitly acknowledged", "url": "https://ftp.txdot.gov/pub/txdot-info/env/toolkit/415-04-rpt%20.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Texas", "Historical geography", "Village autonomy", "Intercommunity connections" ], "annotation": "A substantial geographic history was developed with Louisiana tribal heritage staff using recommended and approved sources. It examines Coushatta presence in Texas, rather than equating a government’s present address with its whole history. Maps and precise sites are not reused.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 24-page PDF: title/contents, introduction and selected history on 3–7, village/trail discussion 9–12 and settlement/reservation discussion 16–17. Not a complete report, underlying-reference, GIS or rights review.", "publicationDate": "2021-04", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Government research / tribal collaboration" }, { "id": "co89-ok1", "title": "About Us — Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town", "publisher": "Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town", "url": "https://www.alabama-quassarte.com/getpage.php?name=About_Us&sub=About+Us", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Oklahoma", "Distinct governments", "Removal", "Community history" ], "annotation": "A substantive Oklahoma community history distinguishes earlier Alabama and Quassarte towns, southwestern migration and removal. It supplies a situated perspective, not proof of every historical date or current citizenship rule. Current enrolment, revenue, leadership and service claims are excluded.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual historical body, lines 50–57, read. Specific ceremonial content and present statistics excluded. Underlying laws, constitutional dates, administrative records and individual citizenship not independently established.", "publicationDate": "Undated page; footer is not publication", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p89-s3", "title": "Coushatta Heritage Department, Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana Library and Archives — retained access route", "publisher": "Original directory route: Coushatta tribal archives, hosted at Washington State University", "url": "https://coushattatribalarchives.libraries.wsu.edu/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Archives", "Reading-access limits" ], "annotation": "Original archive route retained for future reading. Repeated retrieval errors prevented a fresh body inspection. No underlying item, recording, narrative, image, access permission or current archival service is claimed as reviewed through this link.", "contentReviewScope": "URL attempted; homepage body unavailable. Original metadata retained as a reading lead, not independently refreshed content.", "publicationDate": "Not established", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": null, "countsTowardMinimum": false, "accessStatus": "Unavailable in this review", "countReason": "No actual homepage/item body was retrieved; preservation of an original route is not a substantive inspection." }, { "id": "co89-lang-support", "title": "Our Language", "publisher": "Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana", "url": "https://www.coushatta.org/our-language/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Koasati", "Language affiliation", "Louisiana and Texas" ], "annotation": "Brief official language orientation names Koasati and its language-family relationship. Retained as supporting context rather than a separate substantial linguistic work. No contemporary speaker count, uniform community competence or grammar knowledge follows from this short page.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual three-paragraph language body, lines 27–30, read. No audio, linked lesson, dictionary or underlying comparative study inspected.", "publicationDate": "Undated page", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Short introductory orientation, not a substantial grammar, educational publication or documentation study." }, { "id": "co89-constitution2023", "title": "Constitution and By-Laws of the Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas (amended through 2023)", "author": "Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas", "publisher": "Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas", "url": "https://www.alabama-coushatta.com/uploads/cms/nav-18-64d3bc7777f8c.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Texas", "Constitution", "Government", "Community self-government" ], "annotation": "The Tribe’s own governing document describes the current legal name and says the Alabama and Coushatta were formerly distinct peoples but constitute one federally recognized tribe for legal and governmental purposes. Its preamble identifies self-government, language, arts, crafts and cultural preservation among its stated purposes. This is an authoritative text of the Texas Tribe’s own law, not a complete account of all Coushatta communities.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 25-page PDF, title/publication and amendment history, preamble and Articles I–V (printed pp. 3–8), and selected later amendment material through printed p. 23 read. The profile uses only the public name, organizational structure and stated purposes; detailed enrollment provisions and personal data are omitted. No independent legal opinion is offered.", "publicationDate": "Revised and annotated; amendments through July 2023", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Tribal constitution / primary community government document" }, { "id": "co89-pl6271954", "title": "Public Law 83-627: An Act to provide for the termination of Federal supervision over the property of the Alabama and Coushatta Tribes of Indians of Texas", "publisher": "United States Congress; Statutes at Large, vol. 68, pp. 768–769", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-68/pdf/STATUTE-68-Pg768.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Texas", "Federal law", "Trust land", "Legal history" ], "annotation": "The enacted 1954 law describes conveyance of federally held trust lands to Texas to be held in trust for the Alabama and Coushatta Tribes, and provides for termination of the federal relationship and services following the proclamation specified in the act. The page header/OCR is inconsistent about the public-law number; the Statutes at Large front matter identifies the Alabama-Coushatta act at 68 Stat. 768 as Public Law 83-627, while Public Law 83-628 begins at p. 769. Citation follows the official index and page range. The law is not evidence that the people or Tribe ceased to exist.", "contentReviewScope": "Both scanned pages, all operative sections 1–8 (68 Stat. 768–769), read from GovInfo. Effective language is tied to the proclamation named in the statute; the proclamation itself and state implementation were not inspected in this review.", "publicationDate": "Approved August 23, 1954", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Federal statute / primary legal text" }, { "id": "co89-pl10089-1987", "title": "Public Law 100-89, Title II: Alabama and Coushatta Indian Tribes of Texas", "publisher": "United States Congress; Statutes at Large, vol. 101, pp. 666–673", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-101/pdf/STATUTE-101-Pg666.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Texas", "Federal restoration", "Government", "Legal history" ], "annotation": "Title II of the 1987 restoration law treats the Alabama and Coushatta Tribes of Texas as one tribal unit for federal-law purposes, restores federal recognition and the trust relationship, and makes federal services available under the act. The joint legal status is not a claim that Alabama and Coushatta are one people or that other Coushatta communities share the Texas government.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 7-page Statutes at Large PDF; complete Title II, §§201–206, on printed pp. 669–673 read. Title I concerns Ysleta del Sur Pueblo and is not attributed to Coushatta. No later case law or current legal advice is claimed.", "publicationDate": "Approved August 18, 1987", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Federal statute / primary legal text" }, { "id": "co89-treaty1836", "title": "Treaty between Texas and the Cherokee Indians, February 23, 1836 (transcribed in Indian Papers of Texas and the Southwest, vol. I)", "author": "Republic of Texas commissioners and Cherokee representatives; edited by Dorman H. Winfrey and James M. Day", "publisher": "Texas History Trust, Indian Papers of Texas and the Southwest", "url": "https://archive.texashistorytrust.org/view/49896224/20/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Texas", "1836 treaty text", "Diplomacy", "Historical geography" ], "annotation": "The printed treaty text lists Alabama and Coushatta among groups it calls Cherokee “associate Bands” and proposes that the named bands form one community within specified bounds. This is a Republic of Texas diplomatic document in colonial/state language, mediated through a later edited transcription. Its text does not establish that the proposed agreement was ratified, implemented, or accepted as a lasting boundary by the named peoples. It is not a present homeland map.", "contentReviewScope": "Transcript of the February 23, 1836 document on printed pages 14–15 of volume I reviewed through the Texas History Trust/University of North Texas text. The treaty’s opening and land-boundary article were inspected; the full volume, manuscript original, signatures and implementation record were not reviewed.", "publicationDate": "Document dated February 23, 1836; edited volume issued 1995", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Edited primary-source document" }, { "id": "co89-smither1932", "title": "The Alabama Indians of Texas", "author": "Harriet Smither", "publisher": "Southwestern Historical Quarterly, 36(2), October 1932, pp. 83–108; Texas State Historical Association", "url": "https://www.alabama-coushatta-tribalarchives.org/_files/ugd/9c5ec8_047d4d3a17a647509ca7876535bfdc19.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Texas", "Historical migration", "Land history", "Alabama community" ], "annotation": "A substantial 1932 state-history article drawing on earlier colonial, Texas and federal records. Selected passages describe westward movement, Texas land petitions and reservation developments. The article uses period terminology, a dated outside scholarly frame and language that can be paternalistic; it is a source for what its author and cited records report, not a neutral or current community account. Historical population statements and characterizations are not reproduced as present facts.", "contentReviewScope": "Selected actual pages of the 27-page PDF / printed pp. 83–108 inspected, including early migration, the 1850s land/reservation narrative and federal reports through the 1928 land purchase (PDF pp. 1–5, 13–16, 19, 25). The entire article and cited archival records were not independently checked. JSTOR terms appear in the scan; no reuse of its text or images is made.", "publicationDate": "October 1932", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Older scholarly secondary source" }, { "id": "co89-thc2026", "title": "The History of the Alabama-Coushatta and Their Role in the Texas Revolution", "publisher": "Texas Historical Commission", "url": "https://thc.texas.gov/blog/history-alabama-coushatta-and-their-role-texas-revolution", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Texas", "Texas Revolution", "1836 treaty", "Public commemoration" ], "annotation": "A state historical agency’s 2026 educational article recounts Alabama-Coushatta histories and their role in the Texas Revolution, drawing on named secondary books, a state resolution, the 1836 treaty record and an attributed statement by Chief Colita. It represents a modern state-commemoration frame. Claims are attributed to the article and its cited works; its interpretive summary is not treated as community-authored history or independent corroboration.", "contentReviewScope": "Complete article body, dated February 24, 2026, read, including its named sources and displayed image captions. The underlying cited books, resolution, original manuscript and image rights were not separately reviewed. Only the article’s cautious historical context is used.", "publicationDate": "February 24, 2026", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "State historical agency educational article" }, { "id": "co89-digital-dictionary", "title": "Koasati Digital Dictionary — Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana, with McNeese State University and William & Mary", "author": "Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana Koasati Language Committee; guidance by Bertney Langley and Linda Langley; edited by Jack B. Martin", "publisher": "Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana, McNeese State University, and the College of William & Mary", "url": "https://koasati.azurewebsites.net/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Koasati language", "Community language documentation", "Language Committee", "Dictionary", "Orthography" ], "annotation": "An open community digital dictionary whose landing page describes Koasati as a living language of the Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana, explains its teaching and intergenerational purpose, and names its Language Committee, guides, editor and university partners. Four selected entries demonstrate listed word forms, definitions, English reversals and one example sentence. This is a Louisiana Coushatta language resource, not evidence that every Coushatta community shares identical current language practice; no speaker census or learning outcomes are claimed.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual landing-page text read for the resource purpose, collaborators, full named Language Committee, guides and editor. Four actual entries inspected: aibachilka, ahoobalaho, chaihalaho and chinto palki. Reviewed their parts of speech, listed forms, English definitions/reversals and the one displayed example sentence. Full dictionary coverage, audio, linked materials and current use or learning outcomes were not assessed.", "publicationDate": "Undated digital resource; the site footer’s copyright date is not treated as a publication date", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Entry: aibachilka", "url": "https://koasati.azurewebsites.net/Browse/Details/088460d1-b2b7-4b0c-882a-8710cee15125", "scope": "Definition and English reversals inspected." }, { "title": "Entry: ahoobalaho", "url": "https://koasati.azurewebsites.net/Browse/Details/0068210e-1e46-46e4-be86-8926ec8c907f", "scope": "Verb form, spelling variants, definition, reversals and one example sentence inspected." }, { "title": "Entry: chaihalaho", "url": "https://koasati.azurewebsites.net/Browse/Details/66fe7277-67ee-469e-b0ea-926b1817bf60", "scope": "Verb form, spelling variants, definition and reversals inspected." }, { "title": "Entry: chinto palki", "url": "https://koasati.azurewebsites.net/Browse/Details/c63126e3-acbe-4aa3-83d0-7e4469aa82cc", "scope": "Noun form, spelling variants, definition and reversals inspected." } ], "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "The community-backed dictionary has actual substantive lexicographic entries and named authorship/oversight; counted as one resource, not as four separate word pages or a bare homepage." }, { "id": "co89-texas-scholarship-2025", "title": "Alabama-Coushatta Scholarship Application — selected higher-education procedures and agreements", "author": "Institutional packet; individual byline not supplied", "publisher": "Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas", "url": "https://www.alabama-coushatta.com/uploads/blog/7476aa17d461b449b2222e8eb3965b835fc43ef7.pdf", "sourcePage": "https://www.alabama-coushatta.com/blog/post/alabama-coushatta-scholarship-application", "type": "Indigenous-led / public institutional application packet", "topics": [ "Texas", "Higher education", "Contemporary institutions" ], "annotation": "A substantial first-party administrative packet documenting an education-support process. Read as a dated institutional publication, not a report of awards, student experiences or outcomes. The Texas government's joint name does not collapse the Alabama and Coushatta peoples or extend this process to Louisiana or Oklahoma governments.", "publicationDate": "2025-10-27 posting date; PDF revision date unstated", "dateBasis": "Hosting post supplies the October 27, 2025 date; the PDF has no inspected explicit revision date. Site footer excluded as dating evidence.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Selected actual text in the 10-page PDF: p. 1 and p. 4 procedure lists; p. 5 educational-use paragraph; p. 6 academic-progress agreement; p. 7 educational-purpose and no-award-guarantee paragraphs; p. 8 financial-aid coordination; p. 10 intent directions. Page numbers are one-based PDF pages, not printed folios. Blank personal-information fields were encountered but are not evidence about any person. No full-packet verification claimed.", "perspective": "The Texas Tribe's own administrative voice; blank forms supply no applicant testimony or independent evaluation.", "accessStatus": "Public English HTML post and text-extractable PDF read through web research tool without a login or paywall encountered", "accessNotes": "No application submitted, fields filled, office contacted or personal records accessed. Internal rules may change; no current deadline, amount, eligibility determination, citizenship rule, tax interpretation or legal advice is supplied. No original scans, images or maps reused.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One substantive institutional packet actually inspected in selected procedural passages. Hosting post and multiple form pages count together once, not as independent sources.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Dated hosting post", "url": "https://www.alabama-coushatta.com/blog/post/alabama-coushatta-scholarship-application", "scope": "Actual title, institutional byline, date and attachment link; web lines 18–29. Provenance only, no separate count." } ] } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "researched", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Adequate initial introduction", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "rationale": "Thirteen substantive inspected works now include distinct Texas, Louisiana and Oklahoma community perspectives; community historical and language materials; the Louisiana Tribe’s public Koasati digital dictionary; federal legal texts; and dated scholarship. Together they support a bounded educational introduction while keeping the Texas, Louisiana and Oklahoma governments distinct. The language dictionary was sampled through four entries, and the source count does not establish completion, exhaustive coverage, endorsement or current legal advice.", "remainingLimits": [ "The Texas statute’s contemplated proclamation and its implementation record were not inspected; later legal interpretation remains outside scope.", "The treaty is an edited transcription; manuscript, ratification record and Indigenous responses were not examined here.", "The 1932 secondary article is dated and draws on older terminology and sources; further Coushatta-authored history and direct archival research would improve the account.", "The digital dictionary was sampled through four entries; full vocabulary coverage, grammar, additional teaching materials and present-day language context remain open.", "Current community conditions and each Texas, Louisiana and Oklahoma government’s own contemporary publications require further review; no present census or language-use estimate is claimed.", "No community review or endorsement has been recorded." ] }, "researchGaps": [ "The public Koasati Digital Dictionary is now represented through its introduction and four selected entries. Review its full vocabulary and community teaching resources, and consult specialist Koasati grammar where accessible; do not infer current language vitality or learning outcomes from a partial dictionary sample.", "Expand current Coushatta-authored historical and institutional accounts without treating Texas, Louisiana and Oklahoma communities as interchangeable.", "Inspect the 1954 proclamation, relevant state records and original treaty/ratification documents where accessible; keep statutory text distinct from later implementation.", "Resolve contradictions in chief dates and organizational chronology through further evidence; do not silently choose whichever source sounds convenient.", "Restore legitimate archive access if available later, with collection-level cultural permissions respected; no contact or restricted-material access attempted.", "No present population, language vitality census, private genealogy or program outcome has been established.", "The selected2025 Texas higher-education packet is an administrative publication, not a study of student experiences, awards or outcomes. Current program operation and other Coushatta governments require separate review." ], "coverageLevel": "developed-profile", "evidenceNotes": [ "Twelve sources have countsTowardMinimum:true after actual substantive content inspection; two short or unavailable supporting references remain excluded. Every new source card records its exact inspection scope and review date.", "The 1836 treaty is an edited Republic of Texas diplomatic text and a proposal; it is not used as proof of ratification, implementation, Indigenous acceptance or present homeland boundary.", "The 1954 statute is cited as Public Law 83-627, 68 Stat. 768 (verified against the official Statutes at Large index); the 1987 restoration act is discussed only for Title II concerning the Texas Alabama-Coushatta Tribe.", "Smither (1932) is explicitly treated as older outside scholarship with period language; claims are attributed and present-day generalizations are avoided.", "This remains an initial, open educational profile, not a complete history, legal opinion or community endorsement.", "Reviewed 2026-10-23: added the Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana’s digital Koasati dictionary as one substantive work after inspecting its landing page and four actual entries. Community attribution is explicit; full dictionary coverage, audio and outcomes remain unreviewed. It strengthens the Louisiana-language path without merging the Texas or Oklahoma governments." ], "relationshipNote": "Some sources use “Koasati” for the language associated with Coushatta communities; here, “Coushatta” names the people/community collection and “Koasati” primarily names the language. Neither label is a synonym for Alabama. The Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana, Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas and Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town in Oklahoma are distinct governments and communities. Their connections do not make every family’s route, language use or political history identical. A joint Texas government is not evidence that Alabama and Coushatta were originally one people. The 1987 federal act and the Texas Tribe’s constitution describe one joint legal/governmental status for the Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas while also recognizing that Alabama and Coushatta were formerly distinct peoples; this legal arrangement does not make the three present governments interchangeable.", "overviewSourceIds": [ "p89-s1" ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "alabamacoushatta-tribe-of-texas" ], "compiledAt": "2026-10-27", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-01", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p89-s1", "reason": "The Texas Tribe’s history introduces shared institutions while distinguishing Alabama and Coushatta peoples." }, { "sourceId": "co89-la1", "reason": "The Louisiana Tribe’s own story provides a separate account of migration, settlement and federal relationships." }, { "sourceId": "co89-ok1", "reason": "The Oklahoma Tribal Town’s historical account adds a third situated community perspective rather than extending the Texas story to everyone." }, { "sourceId": "co89-digital-dictionary", "reason": "The Louisiana community dictionary offers an approachable route into Koasati words and explains its teaching purpose and named collaborators." } ], "scopeNote": "Coushatta/Koasati connections cross Texas, Louisiana and Oklahoma; the three governments are distinct and Alabama is not a synonym. Dictionary evidence is limited to its introduction and four actual entries, with no full vocabulary, audio or outcome review.", "reviewRationale": "Three community-published histories and one public language resource provide an accessible comparative starting path without pretending that one government represents every Coushatta community.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Community histories remain attributed syntheses; underlying instruments and conflicting chief/organizational dates need further review.", "No present speaker census, current program guarantee or identical language practice across communities is established." ], "imageRecordId": "coushatta-big-thicket-longleaf-sharaga", "reviewBasis": "Review of existing actual-content source records, retained evidence ledgers and image identification/rights records. No new original-source inspection count, fresh image inspection or comprehensive completion is implied.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false }, "added": false, "slug": "coushatta", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-LA", "name": "Louisiana", "key": "us-la" }, { "id": "US-TX", "name": "Texas", "key": "us-tx" } ] }, { "name": "Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Louisiana", "overview": "Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "coushatta-tribe-of-louisiana", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-LA", "name": "Louisiana", "key": "us-la" } ] }, { "name": "Cowichan Tribes", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nations / community government", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Cowichan Tribes has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community government in the BC Assembly of First Nations community directory. Directory inclusion and administrative region do not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or a relationship to every broader people label.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body: exact selected name and its region label at lines 118-120; page heading at line 11 supplies British Columbia context. Only selected name/administrative-region content used. No linked histories, affiliation claims, images, interactive map operation or government-power analysis reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "cowichan-tribes", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 90, "name": "Cowlitz", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Washington", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Cowlitz Indian Tribe publishes its own history of communities and homelands in southwestern Washington.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Cowlitz Indian Tribe publishes its own history of communities and homelands in southwestern Washington.", "sourceIds": [ "p90-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language histories, land, political continuity and contemporary government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p90-s1", "p90-s2", "p90-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p90-s1", "title": "Our Story | The Cowlitz Indian Tribe", "publisher": "cowlitz.org", "url": "https://cowlitz.org/our-story", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Our Story | The Cowlitz Indian Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p90-s2", "title": "How Do I...? | The Cowlitz Indian Tribe", "publisher": "cowlitz.org", "url": "https://www.cowlitz.org/how-do-i", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “How Do I...? | The Cowlitz Indian Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p90-s3", "title": "CULTURAL RESOURCES REPORT COVER SHEET", "publisher": "co.cowlitz.wa.us", "url": "https://www.co.cowlitz.wa.us/DocumentCenter/View/33993", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “CULTURAL RESOURCES REPORT COVER SHEET” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "cowlitz", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "name": "Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians of California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians of California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "coyote-valley-band-of-pomo-indians-of-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Craig Tribal Association", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Craig Tribal Association has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 841; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "craig-tribal-association", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 91, "name": "Cree", "region": "Canada / Northern United States", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "This starter guide currently focuses on the Eeyou of Eeyou Istchee through a Cree government's own community account. Wider Cree coverage still needs research.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Cree Nation of Eeyou Istchee identifies its people as Eeyou and locates its homeland primarily in northern Québec, with historically occupied lands in Ontario. Its community account emphasizes distinct local histories alongside shared connections and describes local governments working through regional institutions.", "sourceIds": [ "p91-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Start with this government's own community descriptions and follow its links to individual First Nations. Research beyond Eeyou Istchee is still needed before this guide can represent the wider range of Cree communities and languages.", "sourceIds": [ "p91-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p91-s1", "title": "The Eeyou of Eeyou Istchee", "publisher": "Grand Council of the Crees (Eeyou Istchee) / Cree Nation Government", "author": "Grand Council of the Crees (Eeyou Istchee) / Cree Nation Government", "url": "https://www.cngov.ca/community-culture/communities/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Eeyou Istchee", "Community histories", "Government", "Québec", "Ontario" ], "annotation": "The Cree government's community account connects Eeyou identity, northern Québec homeland, historical Ontario lands and distinct local histories. Read the introduction, governance paragraphs and community descriptions. Scope is Eeyou Istchee, not every Cree people or language. Undated totals, officeholders and treaty-process statements are not adopted as current.", "documentDate": "Undated web page", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "researchGaps": [ "The old Cow Creek Umpqua publication is unrelated to Cree and should be replaced, not relabelled.", "The source distinguishes local First Nations and an Eeyou regional government; these are not a single government for all Cree people.", "No census counts, area totals, current officers, present treaty membership or current legal conclusions are asserted.", "Keep the broader entry name Cree and kind Wider grouping / peoples. This is a limited starter reading path, not a proposed renaming of all Cree as Eeyou.", "Do not add unrelated Plains Cree, Nêhiyaw or other regional assertions from this one page. No map data or canonical source was edited." ], "added": false, "slug": "cree", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MT", "name": "Montana", "key": "us-mt" } ] }, { "originalId": 92, "name": "Crow", "region": "Great Plains / Montana", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Crow Tribe, also known through the name Apsáalooke, has homelands in the northern plains.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Crow Tribe, also known through the name Apsáalooke, has homelands in the northern plains.", "sourceIds": [ "p92-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Apsáalooke-authored history, language, land and government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p92-s1", "p92-s2", "p92-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p92-s1", "title": "About Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation | Old Crow, Yukon", "publisher": "vgfn.ca", "url": "https://vgfn.ca/about/our-first-nation", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “About Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation | Old Crow, Yukon” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p92-s2", "title": "Official Site of the Crow Tribe Executive Branch - Home", "publisher": "crow-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.crow-nsn.gov/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Official Site of the Crow Tribe Executive Branch - Home” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p92-s3", "title": "Media - Official Site of the Crow Tribe Executive Branch", "publisher": "crow-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.crow-nsn.gov/media.html", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Media - Official Site of the Crow Tribe Executive Branch” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "researchLeads": [ { "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-crows-1868-1008", "title": "Treaty with the Crows. May 7, 1868. Primary treaty text, hosted by Oklahoma State University Libraries. See Articles 1 through 8.", "documentKey": "Crow_War_1887", "documentTitle": "Crow War of 1887", "contextNote": "A historical conflict and its aftermath within the wider history of the Crow people.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NHLS/70000354_text", "title": "R Laurie Simmons and Thomas H Simmons. Chief Plenty Coups Home. National Historic Landmark nomination, June 4, 1998. Scholarly historical synthesis prepared for the National Park Service. See printed pages 19 through 22.", "documentKey": "Crow_War_1887", "documentTitle": "Crow War of 1887", "contextNote": "A historical conflict and its aftermath within the wider history of the Crow people.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/files/74335/74335-h/74335-h.htm", "title": "James Mooney. The Ghost Dance Religion and the Sioux Outbreak of 1890. Bureau of Ethnology report, published 1896, pages 706–707. Early ethnographic account, reproduced by Project Gutenberg.", "documentKey": "Crow_War_1887", "documentTitle": "Crow War of 1887", "contextNote": "A historical conflict and its aftermath within the wider history of the Crow people.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": null, "linkNote": "TLS verification failed; availability undetermined; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://www.archives.gov/files/denver/education/materials/lessons-montana.pdf", "title": "National Archives and Records Administration. Montana Primary Sources, Lesson 5, printed pages 53 through 66. Contains Williamson’s October 1, 1887 letter, December 31 council minutes and historical background.", "documentKey": "Crow_War_1887", "documentTitle": "Crow War of 1887", "contextNote": "A historical conflict and its aftermath within the wider history of the Crow people.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/ebook/p/2005/CMH_2/www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/r&h/r&h-1cv.htm", "title": "Captain R P Page Wainwright. The First Regiment of Cavalry, in The Army of the United States, edited by Theo F. Rodenbough and William L. Haskin, 1896. See pages 171–172. Military account preserved by Göttingen University Library.", "documentKey": "Crow_War_1887", "documentTitle": "Crow War of 1887", "contextNote": "A historical conflict and its aftermath within the wider history of the Crow people.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://lbhcedu.host/lbhc-library/archives/collections/don-g-rickey-jr", "title": "Little Big Horn College Archives. Don G. Rickey, Jr. Collection, accession 03239501. Finding aid for military records, historical research and Crow oral histories. The page is a collection guide rather than the full archive.", "documentKey": "Crow_War_1887", "documentTitle": "Crow War of 1887", "contextNote": "A historical conflict and its aftermath within the wider history of the Crow people.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.historians.org/perspectives-article/wraps-his-tail-rebellion-recalled-in-montana/", "title": "American Historical Association. Wraps His Tail Rebellion Recalled in Montana. Perspectives on History, May 1, 1988. Report on the centennial conference, historical interpretations and Crow commemoration.", "documentKey": "Crow_War_1887", "documentTitle": "Crow War of 1887", "contextNote": "A historical conflict and its aftermath within the wider history of the Crow people.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://carlisleindian.dickinson.edu/documents/transfer-crow-prisoners-fort-snelling-carlisle", "title": "War Department correspondence. Transfer of Crow Prisoners at Fort Snelling to Carlisle. May 1888. Primary record and scanned documents, National Archives RG 75, hosted by Dickinson College.", "documentKey": "Crow_War_1887", "documentTitle": "Crow War of 1887", "contextNote": "A historical conflict and its aftermath within the wider history of the Crow people.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": null, "linkNote": "Network timeout/error after one retry; availability undetermined; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://carlisleindian.dickinson.edu/documents/standing-responds-request-return-big-hail-and-theron-lears", "title": "Alfred John Standing and related correspondence. Standing Responds to Request to Return of Big Hail and Theron Lears. March 30 to April 8, 1890. Primary records, National Archives RG 75, hosted by Dickinson College.", "documentKey": "Crow_War_1887", "documentTitle": "Crow War of 1887", "contextNote": "A historical conflict and its aftermath within the wider history of the Crow people.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": null, "linkNote": "Network timeout/error after one retry; availability undetermined; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://carlisleindian.dickinson.edu/documents/pratt-requests-use-treaty-funds-return-big-hail-and-theron-lears", "title": "Richard Henry Pratt. Pratt Requests to Use Treaty Funds to Return Big Hail and Theron Lears. July 1, 1890. Primary letter, National Archives RG 75, hosted by Dickinson College.", "documentKey": "Crow_War_1887", "documentTitle": "Crow War of 1887", "contextNote": "A historical conflict and its aftermath within the wider history of the Crow people.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": null, "linkNote": "Network timeout/error after one retry; availability undetermined; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://arc.lib.montana.edu/mpi/item/2916", "title": "Colin G Calloway. Further reading. Sword Bearer and the Crow Outbreak, 1887. Montana 36, no. 4 (1986): 38–51. Catalog only; full article not consulted.", "documentKey": "Crow_War_1887", "documentTitle": "Crow War of 1887", "contextNote": "A historical conflict and its aftermath within the wider history of the Crow people.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 } ], "studyKeys": [ "Crow_War_1887" ], "added": false, "slug": "crow", "searchTerms": [ "Crow Tribe of Montana" ], "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MT", "name": "Montana", "key": "us-mt" } ] }, { "name": "Crow Creek Sioux Tribe of the Crow Creek Reservation, South Dakota", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "South Dakota", "overview": "Crow Creek Sioux Tribe of the Crow Creek Reservation, South Dakota has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "crow-creek-sioux-tribe-of-the-crow-creek-reservation-south-dakota", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-SD", "name": "South Dakota", "key": "us-sd" } ] }, { "originalId": 93, "name": "Cuicateco", "region": "Mexico / Oaxaca", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Cuicateco communities have homelands in Oaxaca. Language and local community names provide essential context.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Cuicateco communities have homelands in Oaxaca. Language and local community names provide essential context.", "sourceIds": [ "p93-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Cuicatec language, community histories and regional relationships. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p93-s1", "p93-s2", "p93-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p93-s1", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Cuicateco", "publisher": "whc.unesco.org", "url": "https://whc.unesco.org/document/165562", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Cuicateco” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p93-s2", "title": "Cuicateco : Lenguas indígenas México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura", "publisher": "sic.cultura.gob.mx", "url": "https://sic.cultura.gob.mx/ficha.php?disciplina=&table=inali_li&table_id=25", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Cuicateco : Lenguas indígenas México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p93-s3", "title": "cuicateco | Diccionario del español de México", "publisher": "dem.colmex.mx", "url": "https://dem.colmex.mx/ver/cuicateco", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “cuicateco | Diccionario del español de México” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "cuicateco", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 94, "name": "Cupeño", "region": "California", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Cupeño people have homelands in southern California and a history of forced displacement from Cupa.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Cupeño people have homelands in southern California and a history of forced displacement from Cupa.", "sourceIds": [ "p94-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Cupa, language, removal to Pala and continuing community identities. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p94-s1", "p94-s2", "p94-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p94-s1", "title": "Cupeno Tribe Recognition: Our Heritage and Justice", "publisher": "cupenotribe.com", "url": "https://cupenotribe.com/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Cupeno Tribe Recognition: Our Heritage and Justice” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p94-s2", "title": "A Grammar of Cupeno by Jane Hill - Paper - University of California Press", "publisher": "ucpress.edu", "url": "https://www.ucpress.edu/books/a-grammar-of-cupeno", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “A Grammar of Cupeno by Jane Hill - Paper - University of California Press” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p94-s3", "title": "1. Description", "publisher": "dice.missouri.edu", "url": "https://dice.missouri.edu/assets/docs/utoaztec/Cupeno.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “1. Description” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "cupeno", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Curve Lake First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — listing address only", "overview": "Curve Lake First Nation is an individually named community in Ontario’s Kawartha Lakes area. These starting readings introduce a family-operated cultural enterprise and reporting on the community’s day-school history, while distinguishing personal memories, research and collective institutions.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. This is an organizational relationship; membership alone does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, citizenship, jurisdiction or representation of another named community.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "A family enterprise at Curve Lake", "text": "The Whetung Ojibwa Centre tells its own family history, tracing an enterprise from fishing and other services into arts and crafts. It describes Eleanor Whetung’s shop and a larger centre opened in 1966. This is one family’s account of work and adaptation. Its galleries include material from across Canada, so a displayed object should not automatically be identified as Curve Lake art.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-curve-lake-whetung" ] }, { "title": "Learning about the day school", "text": "Gabe Pollock’s 2025 report brings together Valorie Whetung’s memories and Jackson Pind’s research on the Curve Lake Day School. It discusses suppression of language, community efforts to improve education and the importance of returning archival research to the community. These are attributed accounts and interpretations. Reading the report is not equivalent to inspecting Pind’s book, the school archive or every survivor’s experience.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-curve-lake-day-school" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p6-curve-lake-whetung", "title": "Our History", "publisher": "Whetung Ojibwa Centre", "url": "https://www.whetung.com/pages/our-history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Family history", "Art", "Livelihoods" ], "annotation": "Complete family-business history body read. A first-person institutional account of the Whetung family enterprise at Curve Lake, not the whole First Nation or proof that every artwork sold there is locally made.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Complete family enterprise history, web lines41–61. Perspective: Family-operated cultural-business narrative.", "accessNotes": "Actual substantial indexed public body read without an account or challenge. Not whole-community history; gallery includes other communities’ work.", "inspectionLimits": "Not whole-community history; gallery includes other communities’ work." }, { "id": "p6-curve-lake-day-school", "title": "Uncovering the history of the Curve Lake Day School", "publisher": "Peterborough Currents", "url": "https://peterboroughcurrents.ca/in-depth/curve-lake-day-school/", "type": "Reporting / interview", "topics": [ "Education", "Oral history", "Research methods" ], "annotation": "Complete article and author/date fields read. Includes original interviews with Valorie Whetung and researcher Jackson Pind. The underlying book, school files and other survivors’ interviews were not independently inspected; personal accounts remain attributed.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "author": "Gabe Pollock", "publicationDate": "2025-10-16", "contentReviewScope": "Complete article, web lines55–124 including original interviews and research-method discussion. Perspective: 2025local reporting with named survivor and researcher voices.", "accessNotes": "Actual substantial indexed public body read without an account or challenge. Book, private school records and underlying interviews uninspected; source author retains attribution.", "inspectionLimits": "Book, private school records and underlying interviews uninspected; source author retains attribution." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page 18 (zero-based 17), Southeast member-listing block: exact name and explicit ON address locality only. Parenthetical alternate name retained only where printed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "access": "Public PDF selectable text actually inspected; no account or subscription needed for this inspection", "selectedPages": [ 18 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 17 ], "selectedLines": "1901-1903", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections.", "Add further community-authored histories and preferred naming context; the two selections cover limited themes.", "Inspect the underlying published day-school research before extending historical claims, while respecting privacy and community control of records.", "Seek additional public language and education accounts; no current enrollment, population or outcome totals are asserted." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A small, purposefully selected actual-content starting path and specifically scoped credited image are now available. Fuller history, source comparison and community review remain open; quantity does not establish completion.", "remainingLimits": [ "Add further community-authored histories and preferred naming context; the two selections cover limited themes.", "Inspect the underlying published day-school research before extending historical claims, while respecting privacy and community control of records.", "Seek additional public language and education accounts; no current enrollment, population or outcome totals are asserted." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p6-curve-lake-whetung", "p6-curve-lake-day-school" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; fuller history remains open", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-06", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "scopeNote": "A short starting path through selected actual-content works. Read each annotation for the specific community, period and inspection limits; this is not a complete history or community endorsement.", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p6-curve-lake-whetung", "reason": "Begin with this account’s identified community perspective and stated scope." }, { "sourceId": "p6-curve-lake-day-school", "reason": "Follow a different aspect of community life, keeping its date and evidence limits in view." } ], "imageRecordId": "curve-lake-waterfront-2012" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Cohort06: selected actual-content sources and specifically scoped credited imagery form a bounded starting guide. Reused publications/photos are not new global works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "curve-lake-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "name": "Curyung Tribal Council", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Curyung Tribal Council has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 843; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "curyung-tribal-council", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 95, "name": "Dakota", "region": "Great Plains / Minnesota / Canada", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Dakota peoples include distinct communities and governments across a wide region. This Minnesota-focused reading path centers community accounts, Dakota public testimony and education, historical displacement, and a dated treaty record. It distinguishes Minnesota governments and specific historical evidence from broader Dakota identities and histories elsewhere.", "sections": [ { "title": "Cansa'yapi: community continuity and public history", "text": "The Lower Sioux Indian Community identifies its members as Mdewakanton Dakota and calls its Minnesota River homeland Caŋṡayapi. Its account describes families returning despite exile. A companion historic-site page dates tribal management of the Lower Sioux Agency site to 2007. The Community’s public history booklet adds its own account of Caŋṡayapi, stewardship, sovereignty, the 1851–1858 treaty period, community continuity after 1862, Wacipi and Dakota-language renewal. These are community-specific historical and educational statements, not independent verification of broader Dakota history or a homeland boundary. Together the sources connect continuity with the Community’s authority to interpret a place shaped by federal reservation policy.", "sourceIds": [ "d95-c1", "p95-s14" ] }, { "title": "A particular Mdewakanton government's institutions", "text": "The SMSC identifies itself as a Dakota government within the Oceti Ṡakowiŋ, alongside related Dakota, Lakota and Nakota peoples. Its public timeline follows forced removal, later land purchases and its own 1969 governmental organization. The community dates Hoċokata Ṫi's opening to 2019. These are a particular Mdewakanton government's institutions, not a model shared by every Dakota community.", "sourceIds": [ "d95-c2" ] }, { "title": "Prairie Island's account of land and persistence", "text": "Prairie Island identifies its members as Bdewakantunwan, or Mdewakanton, Eastern Dakota. Its history follows families who remained or returned, purchased land and maintained a community despite displacement. The Tribe also describes pressures from dam construction, a nuclear generating plant and rail transport. These concerns are its situated account of Prairie Island, rather than a general description of every Dakota homeland.", "sourceIds": [ "d95-c3" ] }, { "title": "Language activism across community boundaries", "text": "Dakota Wicohan traces its origins to a 2001 language team involving Upper Sioux, Lower Sioux and Twin Cities Dakota, followed by nonprofit incorporation in 2002. Its account connects intergenerational language learning, teacher preparation and outreach with community relationships. This educational organization works across political boundaries; it is not another tribal government. Its undated speaker and program totals are not current measurements. A separate Dakota Wicohan curriculum was developed by Dakota scholars and educators led by Iyekiyapiwiƞ Darlene St. Clair. Its ten-lesson outline treats Minnesota as Dakota homeland and covers place, language, sovereignty, treaties, colonization, cultural continuity and living together. The public overview says teachers need training to access the lessons and that outcome research was still forthcoming; the materials have not been presented here as an evaluated program.", "sourceIds": [ "d95-l1", "p95-s5" ] }, { "title": "Imprisonment and forced removal", "text": "MNHS describes noncombatant Dakota imprisonment at Fort Snelling during 1862–1863 and forced transport to Crow Creek in May 1863. It distinguishes congressional actions of February 16 and March 3, 1863, concerning treaty annulment and removal. Its account also discusses a separate Ho-Chunk expulsion. These histories should not be conflated or taken to mean every Dakota person participated in the war.", "sourceIds": [ "d95-h1" ] }, { "title": "Reading the 1851 Mendota treaty carefully", "text": "The Mendota treaty text names Mdewakanton and Wahpekute parties, rather than every Dakota community. Its published version records a land cession, differentiated payments and funding for education and farms. It also marks Article 3 as deleted and prints supplemental terms. This specific written federal record does not establish fully informed consent, oral understandings, promise fulfillment or present individual entitlements.", "sourceIds": [ "d95-h2" ] }, { "title": "Four Minnesota governments within wider Dakota peoples", "text": "MnDOT's public inventory names Lower Sioux, Prairie Island, Shakopee Mdewakanton and Upper Sioux as Minnesota Dakota communities. Each government needs its own institutional reading. This four-government inventory is a Minnesota access point, not an exhaustive list of Dakota peoples or their communities elsewhere in the United States and Canada.", "sourceIds": [ "d95-m1" ] }, { "title": "Earlier reading links and their limits", "text": "The retained South Dakota teaching-kit versions offer a broad comparative educational starting point; only their contents and goals were inspected here. The retained Black Hills page identifies a hosted student legal position paper. These resources do not supply Minnesota Dakota community authority, a universal cultural description or verified current law, and remain outside this collection's substantive count.", "sourceIds": [ "p95-s1", "p95-s2", "p95-s3" ] }, { "title": "Homeland through named Dakota voices", "text": "In the Minnesota Historical Society’s Our Home exhibition transcript, five named Dakota speakers describe Minnesota as Dakota homeland, discuss the Seven Council Fires, and speak about relationships to land and relatives. The speakers use different formulations: Dallas Ross distinguishes Dakota as a way of life from a nation of people, while Grace Goldtooth-Campos refers to Dakota Oyate as a nation and describes its council-fire groups. Keeping each statement attributed makes the variation visible without treating one exhibition transcript as a universal definition for all Dakota people or governments. In a separate MNHS oral-history excerpt, Upper Sioux narrator Dean Blue reflects on Fort Snelling from his own experience as a veteran-service officer and expresses a personal view about the building. The interviewer notes that Dakota people held differing views; the excerpt should be read as one individual's public memory, not as consensus.", "sourceIds": [ "p95-s6", "p95-s13" ] }, { "title": "Upper Sioux Community: Pezihutazizi Oyate and returned agency lands", "text": "The 2025 Minnesota Tribal Government guide presents Upper Sioux Community’s account of Pejuhutazizi Kapi as Dakota homeland, the community’s formation in 1938 on 746 returned acres, and its 1995 constitution. The guide reports that the state returned the former Upper Sioux Agency State Park in 2024 and gives a resulting total land base of 3,725 acres; its membership count is a dated 2025 report figure, not a current 2026 measure. The Minnesota DNR describes the Community’s long-standing request and explains the 1862 history of starvation and death at the agency, while Minnesota law records the state’s direction to transfer park land. The DNR page and statute are state records, not substitutes for the Community’s own historical account. A separate undated state-hosted version repeats the community history with older acreage and population figures; neither version defines all Dakota homelands or a present boundary.", "sourceIds": [ "p95-s4", "p95-s7", "p95-s8", "p95-s9" ] }, { "title": "Language renewal within Prairie Island and Shakopee communities", "text": "Prairie Island describes its community language department, classes, culture camps, language-bowl activities and outreach at Red Wing High School. Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community describes its own language team, weekly classes, family learning events, youth camps and Dakota-language education. These are two governments’ accounts of particular programs, not a single uniform Dakota-language system. Prairie Island’s page still refers to an app expected in spring 2023; its present availability was not verified.", "sourceIds": [ "p95-s10", "p95-s11" ] }, { "title": "Prairie Island’s cultural and historic preservation work", "text": "Prairie Island describes its Tribal Historic Preservation Office, artifact repatriation work, restoration of the public He Mni Can site, and partnership to protect the Grand Meadow Chert Quarry. These examples show the Community’s own preservation priorities and public interpretation. Its broader archaeological statements remain attributed to the Community; no burial locations or restricted details are repeated.", "sourceIds": [ "p95-s12" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "d95-c1", "title": "Lower Sioux Indian Community — About Us and public historic-site account", "author": "Lower Sioux Indian Community; institutional account, no individual byline displayed", "publisher": "Lower Sioux Indian Community", "url": "https://lowersioux.com/about-us/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Community government's public identity/history collection, selected two pages", "topics": [ "Mdewakanton Dakota", "Community continuity", "Minnesota River", "Public history" ], "publicationDate": "Undated bodies; 2026 footer and opening hours do not date the historical accounts", "annotation": "The government's own account connects local identity, exile, return and public historical interpretation. Selected companion site history is grouped once. Population figures, casualty estimates, current service availability and blanket treaty/legal conclusions are excluded.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual About Us historical body, lines 59–82; companion Historic Site historical paragraphs 83–86 and public interpretation description 97 read. No video, embedded flipbook or underlying treaty opened from these pages.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Historic Site", "url": "https://lowersioux.com/departments/historic-site/", "scope": "Actual history and tribal-management account; hours, admissions and contacts excluded." } ], "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "d95-c2", "title": "Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community — Our History and Culture & History", "author": "Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community; institutional account without an individual byline", "publisher": "Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community", "url": "https://shakopeedakota.org/culture-history/our-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Community government's public historical timeline and situated cultural introduction", "topics": [ "Mdewakanton Dakota", "Political continuity", "Public education", "Related peoples" ], "publicationDate": "Undated publication; timeline includes 2025 events, which do not establish its initial publication date", "annotation": "A particular Dakota government's account extends from removal and land purchases to its institutions. Related peoples and governmental membership remain distinct. Its historical legal summaries, precise ancient chronology, current project claims and cultural imagery are not adopted wholesale.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual timeline selected 1837–1969 and 1989–2025 entries, lines 76–407; public-exhibit description 419–421. Companion introduction 27–57 read. Claim selects 1863, later land purchases, 1969 organization, related-peoples wording and 2019 cultural center.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Culture & History", "url": "https://shakopeedakota.org/culture-history/", "scope": "Actual related-peoples introduction, cultural-center history and language-history paragraphs; grouped with timeline." } ], "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "d95-c3", "title": "Prairie Island Indian Community — Our History", "author": "Prairie Island Indian Community; institutional account without an individual byline", "publisher": "Prairie Island Indian Community", "url": "https://prairieisland.org/who-we-are/our-history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Community government's public historical self-account", "topics": [ "Eastern Dakota", "Prairie Island", "Land and community continuity", "Environmental pressures" ], "publicationDate": "Undated; footer 2026 is not treated as the article date", "annotation": "Prairie Island speaks from its own Bdewakantunwan community history. Development pressures are attributed to the Tribe's account, without independently assessing legal liability, radiation exposure or current safety. No burial details, precise sensitive places or media are reproduced.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete historical body, lines 49–123: identity, Dakota history, reservation formation, development pressures, governmental economy and future generations. Synthesis selects identity, return/land history and attributed development concerns.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "d95-l1", "title": "Dakota Wicohan — About: mission, vision and organizational origins", "author": "Dakota Wicohan; organizational account without an individual byline", "publisher": "Dakota Wicohan", "url": "https://dakotawicohan.org/about/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Native nonprofit's substantive public language-revitalization and organizational history", "topics": [ "Dakota language", "Community education", "Intergenerational learning", "Urban connections" ], "publicationDate": "Undated body with historical episodes through 2013; footer copyright 2020 is not a verified article date", "annotation": "A Native educational organization's own substantial account of language activism across community boundaries. Its mission, history and described approaches are distinguished from present outcomes. Undated speaker/program totals and simplified D/L/N classification are excluded.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual mission, accomplishments and organizational origins, lines 48–76, read. Claim selects 2001 Language Team, 2002 incorporation and intergenerational educational purpose; no documentary, original Elder interview, radio recording or course content accessed.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "d95-h1", "title": "The US-Dakota War of 1862 — Fort Snelling, imprisonment and removal", "author": "Minnesota Historical Society; editor notes substantial derivation from Peter DeCarlo's Fort Snelling at Bdote: A Brief History (2017)", "publisher": "Minnesota Historical Society", "url": "https://www.mnhs.org/fortsnelling/learn/us-dakota-war", "type": "Museum / archive", "sourceKind": "Substantive institutionally published public history with source notes", "topics": [ "1862–1863", "Imprisonment", "Removal", "Historical interpretation" ], "publicationDate": "Webpage undated; cited 2017 book and other bibliography dates are not automatically the webpage date", "annotation": "The selected historical account distinguishes noncombatants, military imprisonment and forced removal. Its treaty-annulment summary concerns historical congressional action, not present legal advice. Ho-Chunk expulsion is a separate history; casualty numbers and linked personal narratives are excluded.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual substantive body lines 278–303 and source/editor note 304–326 read. Claim selects noncombatant imprisonment, February/March 1863 actions, May transport and distinct Ho-Chunk removal; cited books, original statutes and trial records remain unread.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "d95-h2", "title": "Treaty with the Sioux-Mdewakanton and Wahpakoota Bands, 1851 — Mendota", "author": "Treaty text naming United States commissioners and Mdewakanton/Wahpekute parties; historical transcription presented by Oklahoma State University", "publisher": "Oklahoma State University Libraries, Tribal Treaties Database; transcription of 10 Stat. 954", "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-sioux-mdewakanton-and-wahpakoota-bands-1851-0591", "type": "Government", "sourceKind": "Historical federal treaty text in a specialist university database", "topics": [ "1851 treaty", "Mdewakanton", "Wahpekute", "Written records and limitations" ], "publicationDate": "Concluded August 5, 1851; displayed proclamation February 24, 1853. Database publication/update date not established", "annotation": "A primary written record for specific named parties. The transcription distinguishes deleted reservation text and supplemental terms. It does not establish informed consent, oral understandings, fulfillment, current legal effect or individual entitlements. Linked original scan and archival record were not inspected.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual treaty heading, Articles 1–7 and supplemental article, lines 24–75 and 120–132, read. Signatory table was visible but not used for genealogical or name-identification claims; no original manuscript/image review claimed.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "d95-m1", "title": "Tribal Nations in Minnesota — official government inventory", "author": "Minnesota Department of Transportation", "publisher": "Minnesota Department of Transportation", "url": "https://www.dot.state.mn.us/mntribes/mntribes.html", "type": "Government", "sourceKind": "Official institutional inventory, supporting navigation", "topics": [ "Distinct governments", "Minnesota", "Institutional navigation" ], "publicationDate": "Undated body; reviewed October 21, 2026", "annotation": "An official inventory distinguishes named governments and broad Dakota/Ojibwe groupings. It supports navigation rather than a full community history, citizenship classification or exhaustive map of Indigenous presence. Outside the substantive count.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual government statements, headings and eleven names/links, lines 22–74, read. Individual fact sheets and maps were not inspected; separate structured inventory preserves the listed URLs and candidate reading links.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p95-s1", "title": "Dakota, Nakota, Lakota Life — South Dakota State Historical Society Education Kit", "author": "South Dakota State Historical Society; no individual authorship established in selected pages", "publisher": "South Dakota State Historical Society", "url": "https://history.sd.gov/museum/docs/DakotaNakotaLakota.pdf", "type": "Government", "sourceKind": "Legacy educational kit, partial original inspection only", "topics": [ "Comparative education", "Source scope" ], "publicationDate": "Undated selected pages; version date not established", "annotation": "Original link retained with limited review. The kit's broad South Dakota framing and object-based activities do not establish Minnesota Dakota identity or practice. Selected contents/goals only, outside the substantive count; no audio, designs or cultural instructions reused.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 72-page PDF's contents and goals/materials, PDF/printed 1–2, read. Later teacher-resource body could not be recovered on bounded reopening; photograph-list text surfaced but no photographs were inspected or reused.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "sourceUnitKey": "sdshs-dakota-nakota-lakota-education-kit", "reviewLevel": "partial supporting inspection" }, { "id": "p95-s2", "title": "Dakota, Nakota, Lakota Life — retained alternate kit version", "author": "South Dakota State Historical Society; no individual authorship established in selected pages", "publisher": "South Dakota State Historical Society", "url": "https://history.sd.gov/docs/DakotaNakotaLakota.pdf", "type": "Government", "sourceKind": "Alternate legacy version of an educational kit, not another substantive work", "topics": [ "Comparative education", "Version provenance" ], "publicationDate": "Undated selected pages; edition chronology not established", "annotation": "Alternate original ID/URL retained. Different pagination is not evidence of a distinct authored work; grouped with p 95-s 1 outside the substantive count.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual alternate PDF contents/goals, printed 1–2, read. Selected photograph-list text surfaced; teacher-resource pages were not recovered on reopening. No full-kit, associated book, recording or worksheet review claimed.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "sourceUnitKey": "sdshs-dakota-nakota-lakota-education-kit", "reviewLevel": "partial supporting inspection" }, { "id": "p95-s3", "title": "Reclaiming the Black Hills — hosted legal position paper", "author": "Identified on page only as a student of Professor Francis A. Boyle; individual author not established", "publisher": "Lakota Dakota Nakota Nation website, using its own institutional self-description", "url": "https://lakotadakotanakotanation.org/reclaiming-the-black-hills/", "type": "Academic / reference", "sourceKind": "Hosted student legal advocacy paper; government-wide authority not independently established", "topics": [ "Comparative reading", "Black Hills advocacy", "Source authority" ], "publicationDate": "Undated paper includes 2001 interview references; surrounding links mention 2012/2013. None establishes paper publication or present legal position", "annotation": "Original route retained as contextual advocacy, outside the substantive Dakota count. The page identifies a student paper and focuses on Lakota/Black Hills arguments. The site's self-description does not establish authority for Minnesota Dakota governments or current legal conclusions.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual introduction, legal argument/conclusion and authorship note, lines 15–36 and 149–239, 277–298, read. Embedded poetry, original court/treaty records, linked letters and media supply no proposed quotation or further count.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "legacyType": "Indigenous-led" }, { "id": "p95-s4", "url": "https://www.sos.mn.gov/media/abkjz44n/tribes-2025.pdf", "title": "Minnesota Tribal Government 2025 — Upper Sioux Community / Pezihutazizi Oyate profile", "publisher": "Minnesota Secretary of State; the profile presents the Upper Sioux Community’s account", "author": "Upper Sioux Community profile; no individual author displayed", "type": "Government / community historical account", "topics": [ "Upper Sioux Community", "Pezihutazizi Oyate", "Minnesota Dakota history", "land return", "governance" ], "publicationDate": "2025 edition", "annotation": "This two-page community profile describes the Minnesota River homeland, the community’s establishment in 1938, its 1995 constitution, tribal enterprises and services, and the 2024 return of former Upper Sioux Agency State Park lands. The state publication carries the community’s narrative; it is not an independent verification of every historical statement. Its 577 membership figure and 3,725-acre land-base statement are dated to the report and are not current 2026 measurements or an Indigenous homeland boundary.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete Upper Sioux Community profile, pp. 9–10 (PDF lines 347–381), including the paragraphs on homeland, 1938 community formation, governance, economic development and services, and the 2024 transfer. The remaining tribal profiles and state agency listings were not counted as Dakota-community evidence.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p95-s5", "url": "https://dakotawicohan.org/courses/mni-sota-koce/", "title": "Mni Sóta Maḳoce Curriculum — public overview and ten-lesson outline", "publisher": "Dakota Wicohan", "author": "Dakota scholars and educators led by Iyekiyapiwiƞ Darlene St. Clair, as identified by the publisher", "type": "Indigenous-led / educational program", "topics": [ "Dakota education", "Mni Sóta Maḳoce", "place and homeland", "treaty education", "language and cultural continuity" ], "publicationDate": "2016-12-19 page; curriculum piloted in 2016–17, 2017–18, and 2018–19", "annotation": "Dakota Wicohan’s public overview describes a ten-lesson sixth-grade curriculum created by Dakota educators. The outline treats Minnesota as Dakota homeland and includes land relationships, Dakota place names, sovereignty, treaty language, colonization, cultural and language revitalization, and living together. Teachers must attend training to access the complete lessons. The publisher says student-outcome research was forthcoming; this record does not claim measured educational effectiveness.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the public instructor overview, stated goals, authorship and training/access notes, and the complete visible list of ten lesson titles and selected subtopics (page lines 55–189). The full lesson PDFs, media, worksheets, and training-only materials were not accessed or counted as read.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p95-s6", "url": "https://www.mnhs.org/historycenter/activities/museum/our-home/dakota-transcript", "title": "Dakota Homeland — Our Home: Native Minnesota exhibition transcript", "publisher": "Minnesota Historical Society", "author": "Named speakers Dallas Ross, Grace Goldtooth-Campos, Dr. Clifford Canku, Walter LaBatte, and Raymond Owen", "type": "Public primary testimony by community representatives", "topics": [ "Dakota homeland", "Seven Council Fires", "land relationships", "public testimony" ], "publicationDate": "Undated transcript for the Our Home: Native Minnesota exhibition", "annotation": "Five named Dakota speakers give public statements on Dakota homeland, the Oceti Ṡakowiƞ, relationships to land and relatives, and Dakota identity. The transcript includes differing formulations: one speaker distinguishes Dakota as a way of life from a nation of people, while another refers to Dakota Oyate as a nation. Their attributed statements are valuable perspectives but do not stand for every Dakota community or settle questions of political identity. The Minnesota Historical Society selected and hosts the transcript.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete public transcript (page lines 232–247) and checked its link to the associated exhibition page. The embedded Vimeo video was not played; only the text transcript is counted.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p95-s7", "url": "https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/parkfinder/upper-sioux-agency-state-park-land-transfer.html", "title": "Upper Sioux Agency State Park is permanently closed — land-transfer explanation", "publisher": "Minnesota Department of Natural Resources", "author": "Minnesota Department of Natural Resources", "type": "Government / park history", "topics": [ "Upper Sioux Agency", "1862", "state land transfer", "Minnesota Dakota history" ], "publicationDate": "Current DNR information page; no publication date displayed", "annotation": "The DNR explains that the Upper Sioux Community had long requested return of the park because of its significance and describes Dakota starvation and deaths at the agency in 1862 in connection with treaty food that the United States failed to provide. It records the park’s 2024 closure and the 2023 law directing a state-land transfer. This is the state agency’s explanation and is retained as focused corroboration, not a community-authored history.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the page’s land-return rationale, cited 2023 legislation, closure date, and transfer-related public information (lines 5–15 and 31–35). Linked recreational listings were not reviewed.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p95-s8", "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2023/0/Session+Law/Chapter/60/", "title": "Minnesota Laws 2023, Chapter 60, section 97 — Upper Sioux Agency State Park land transfer", "publisher": "Minnesota Office of the Revisor of Statutes", "author": "Minnesota Legislature", "type": "Primary legal record", "topics": [ "Upper Sioux Community", "land transfer", "Minnesota statute", "Upper Sioux Agency State Park" ], "publicationDate": "2023", "annotation": "Section 97 directs the commissioner of natural resources to convey state-owned land within Upper Sioux Agency State Park to the Upper Sioux Community without consideration; it separately authorizes a possible Minnesota Historical Society conveyance subject to Executive Council approval and legal barriers. The statute records the state’s authorization and requirements, not an independent account of Dakota history or proof of every step of conveyance.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read section 97 and its effective-date clause (lines 4363–4372), plus the associated appropriation’s stated transfer purpose. The remainder of the omnibus act was not reviewed for this profile.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p95-s9", "url": "https://mn.gov/indian-affairs/tribal-nations-in-minnesota/pezihutazizi-oyate-upper-sioux-community.jsp", "title": "Pezihutazizi / Oyate — Upper Sioux Community historical page", "publisher": "Minnesota Indian Affairs Council; page uses first-person community language and links to the Upper Sioux Community", "author": "Community history reproduced through the Minnesota Indian Affairs Council; individual author and publication date not displayed", "type": "Government / contextual reference", "topics": [ "Upper Sioux Community", "Pezihutazizi Oyate", "historic community account" ], "publicationDate": "Undated; accessed 2026", "annotation": "The page preserves a first-person historical account of homeland, forced removal, return, government formation, enterprises and services. Its undated population and acreage statements (453 people and over 900 acres) differ from the 2025 state guide’s account of a 2024 land return and 3,725-acre total land base. These figures should be read as dated versions of a community narrative rather than treated as current or as evidence of a boundary. The linked Upper Sioux government site returned HTTP 403 to the research request; no access control was bypassed.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the full historical body and its links to elected leaders and the Upper Sioux Community website (page lines 16–36). The linked community site itself was not accessible from this request; its 403 response is not classified as a reader paywall.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p95-s10", "url": "https://prairieisland.org/who-we-are/our-culture/dakota-language", "title": "Dakota Language — Prairie Island Indian Community", "publisher": "Prairie Island Indian Community", "author": "Prairie Island Indian Community; institutional account without an individual byline", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Community government language-program and public-learning account", "topics": [ "Dakota language", "Prairie Island", "language education", "community programs" ], "publicationDate": "Undated; footer 2026 does not date the page body", "annotation": "The Community describes language learning and outreach in its own institutional voice. The page still says an app was expected in spring 2023; its current availability was not verified, so no current app claim is made. Linked dictionaries and lessons were not opened and are not counted.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible body, especially lines 50–76 on language renewal and community programs and lines 115–120 on the Red Wing High School program and public exhibits. Outbound lesson, dictionary and app links were not independently inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p95-s11", "url": "https://shakopeedakota.org/culture-history/dakota-language/", "title": "Dakota Language — Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community", "publisher": "Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community", "author": "Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community; institutional account without an individual byline", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Community government account of language learning and public education", "topics": [ "Dakota language", "Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community", "language teaching", "orthography and learning tools" ], "publicationDate": "Undated; site footer 2026 does not establish the page’s initial publication date", "annotation": "The Community describes Dakota language learning as part of its own identity and recovery, and outlines its language team, weekly classes, family programming, youth culture camps, the Dakota Language Bowl and a community keyboard. Its historical and language-loss framing remains attributed to the Community; it is not generalized to all Dakota communities, and no current speaker count is inferred.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible page body, lines 27–65, including the Community’s account of program origins, current program descriptions and the SMSC’s sovereign-government identification. Links to the cultural center and external learning materials were not opened.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p95-s12", "url": "https://prairieisland.org/who-we-are/our-culture/cultural-preservation", "title": "Cultural Preservation — Prairie Island Indian Community", "publisher": "Prairie Island Indian Community", "author": "Prairie Island Indian Community; institutional account without an individual byline", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Community government Tribal Historic Preservation Office and stewardship account", "topics": [ "Prairie Island cultural preservation", "repatriation", "public historic places", "Tribal Historic Preservation Office" ], "publicationDate": "Undated; footer 2026 does not date the historical examples", "annotation": "The Community describes its preservation office, selected repatriation work and public historical-site partnerships. Its archaeological statements are attributed and not independently evaluated in this source review. Details about burials and sensitive cultural places were excluded from synthesis.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible substantive body at lines 51–65, covering preservation priorities, repatriation examples, He Mni Can restoration, the public Grand Meadow Chert Quarry partnership and THPO mission. Burial-specific details, media and linked external materials were not reproduced or counted.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p95-s13", "url": "https://www.mnhs.org/usdakotawar/stories/contributors/dean-blue/1007", "title": "Dean Blue on Fort Snelling — U.S.-Dakota War oral-history excerpt", "publisher": "Minnesota Historical Society", "author": "Dean Blue, interviewed by Deborah Locke", "type": "Oral-history excerpt / supporting primary testimony", "topics": [ "Fort Snelling", "Dakota historical memory", "Different community perspectives" ], "publicationDate": "Interview recorded April 27, 2011; web page dated July 24, 2026", "annotation": "This MNHS page publishes a short excerpt from an interview recorded in Granite Falls in 2011. Blue reflects on visits to Fort Snelling through his veteran-service work and gives his own view of whether the fort should remain. The interviewer's framing explicitly notes differing Dakota views, so this is one person's perspective, not community consensus or a general Dakota position. It is evidence about a named narrator's public memory, not independent verification of historical events.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible story page, including the transcript excerpt (lines 80–100), its citation and interview metadata. The MNHS-linked full oral-history record returned HTTP 404 during inspection; this does not establish a reader access restriction. A search-discovered copy with unverified hosting provenance was not relied on. This excerpt is retained as supporting testimony and does not count toward the substantive-work target.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p95-s14", "url": "https://education.mn.gov/mdeprod/groups/educ/documents/basic/cm9k/mdg1/~edisp/prod085800.pdf", "title": "Ehaŋna k’a Dehan: Past and Present — Caŋṡayapi community history booklet", "publisher": "Lower Sioux Indian Community; hosted by the Minnesota Department of Education", "author": "Lower Sioux Indian Community; includes a statement from Community Council president Robert Larsen; no comprehensive individual byline displayed", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Community-produced public history and education booklet", "topics": [ "Lower Sioux Indian Community", "Caŋṡayapi", "Mdewakanton Dakota history", "homeland and treaties", "sovereignty", "community language education" ], "publicationDate": "Undated; no publication date displayed in the inspected PDF", "annotation": "This 19-page community-produced booklet introduces Caŋṡayapi (Lower Sioux) through community history, relationships to the Minnesota River Valley, stewardship, sovereignty, the Lower Sioux Agency site, Wacipi and Dakota language. It says the Community traces its lineage primarily to Mdewakanton Dakota, and describes Wahpekute relationships and wider Oceti Ṡakowiŋ connections. Community historical and homeland statements are attributed to this publication; they are not independently verified by this review or a boundary determination. Historic acreage and membership figures elsewhere in the booklet are not treated as current measurements.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read selected substantive sections in the publicly accessible 19-page PDF: community introduction and relationship to the land (PDF pp. 2–4); land, stewardship and homeland/treaty history (pp. 6–12); Wacipi and language (pp. 14–16); and the historic-site and resource/back-cover context (pp. 17–19). Reviewed the visible resource list and map captions, but did not extract the map as a separate historical-map record. Other material and linked resources were not claimed as read.", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 180, 335 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "rationale": "Thirteen substantive inspected works now support a Minnesota-focused introduction, including separate accounts from three Minnesota Dakota governments, the 2025 Upper Sioux Community account carried in a state guide, a Lower Sioux Community-produced history booklet, Dakota-created education, named Dakota public testimony, a specific 1851 treaty text and focused state records. New community pages add distinct Prairie Island preservation and language-program material and Shakopee language education. Seven supporting references remain excluded. This is still weighted toward Minnesota and institutional materials, not a deep history of every Dakota community, specialist language study, current demographic account or community-reviewed collection.", "remainingLimits": [ "The Upper Sioux Community government website returned HTTP 403 to this research request. The accessible state-hosted histories and 2025 government guide provide useful community-attributed material, but the current Community constitution, official land-conveyance instrument, and a direct government publication about the 2024 return remain unreviewed; the access failure is not treated as a paywall and was not bypassed.", "Dakota communities outside Minnesota, including particular governments in the Dakotas, Nebraska, and Canada, need their own community voices and scoped sources. This collection is not an exhaustive homeland or present-community map.", "Specialist Dakota language scholarship is needed for precise language variation and classification; undated public speaker totals should not be used as current demographic findings.", "Original treaty scans, oral understandings, 1863 statutes, community constitutions, and additional Dakota-authored historical scholarship would deepen the collection. Treaty text, state summaries, and public exhibition testimony answer different questions.", "The complete Mni Sóta Maḳoce lesson materials require teacher training; the public page gives the curriculum overview but not the lessons themselves. Outcome research was described by the publisher as forthcoming, so no effectiveness claim is made.", "Dated education reports and community evaluations would be needed before describing current operations, participation, or outcomes. No clinical, legal, membership, or service-eligibility conclusion is proposed.", "No Dakota community review or endorsement is recorded.", "The MNHS Dean Blue oral-history source is a short excerpt; its full interview was not verified through the archive link and the individual's view does not establish a Dakota-wide position." ] }, "researchGaps": [ "The Upper Sioux Community government website returned HTTP 403 to this research request. The accessible state-hosted histories and 2025 government guide provide useful community-attributed material, but the current Community constitution, official land-conveyance instrument, and a direct government publication about the 2024 return remain unreviewed; the access failure is not treated as a paywall and was not bypassed.", "Dakota communities outside Minnesota, including particular governments in the Dakotas, Nebraska, and Canada, need their own community voices and scoped sources. This collection is not an exhaustive homeland or present-community map.", "Specialist Dakota language scholarship is needed for precise language variation and classification; undated public speaker totals should not be used as current demographic findings.", "Original treaty scans, oral understandings, 1863 statutes, community constitutions, and additional Dakota-authored historical scholarship would deepen the collection. Treaty text, state summaries, and public exhibition testimony answer different questions.", "The complete Mni Sóta Maḳoce lesson materials require teacher training; the public page gives the curriculum overview but not the lessons themselves. Outcome research was described by the publisher as forthcoming, so no effectiveness claim is made.", "Dated education reports and community evaluations would be needed before describing current operations, participation, or outcomes. No clinical, legal, membership, or service-eligibility conclusion is proposed.", "No Dakota community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "coverageLevel": "reviewed-source-guide", "evidenceNotes": [ "Substantive works and supporting access routes are counted separately. Actual selected inspection scope and dates appear on the cards; unread references and source media are not counted.", "This is a Minnesota-focused initial source guide, not a complete history of Dakota peoples or a community endorsement. Governance, historical, educational, and language claims retain their particular community, speaker, source, and period.", "Three additional community-government pages reviewed on 2026-10-23 describe Prairie Island language education and cultural preservation and Shakopee Dakota-language programs. Their program descriptions are community-specific; an older anticipated app launch is not treated as current status, and linked lessons or dictionaries were not counted as inspected.", "The Minnesota Indian Affairs Council’s undated Upper Sioux page reports 453 people and more than 900 acres, while the 2025 Minnesota Tribal Government guide reports a 2024 return and a 3,725-acre total land base and prints a 577 membership figure. The records are dated differently; no number is treated as a current 2026 figure, and none defines a homeland boundary.", "No historical map association was added. The Minnesota regional route is a navigation aid and does not describe the extent of Dakota homelands.", "2026-10-23 follow-up: read the full visible MNHS story page for a short Dean Blue oral-history excerpt on Fort Snelling and the interview metadata. The full interview link returned HTTP 404 during inspection; a search-discovered copy with unverified hosting provenance was not relied on. Added as supporting testimony only (countsTowardMinimum:false); the interviewer's prompt records differing Dakota views.", "2026-10-23 follow-up: read selected substantive sections of the Lower Sioux Indian Community’s 19-page Caŋṡayapi history booklet hosted by Minnesota Department of Education. Added as a community-produced work for its scoped Lower Sioux history, homeland/treaty account, governance, site stewardship and language-education coverage. General historical claims are attributed; maps in the booklet were not separately catalogued. Dakota now has thirteen substantive inspected works; initial adequacy remains Still unfinished.", "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "overviewSourceIds": [ "d95-c1", "p95-s4", "p95-s6" ], "startingGuide": { "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p95-s14", "reason": "Start with the Caŋṡayapi Community-produced booklet for a situated history of land, continuity and interpretation; only the recorded selected pages were reviewed." }, { "sourceId": "d95-h1", "reason": "Read the focused imprisonment/removal history alongside community voices; it distinguishes noncombatants and the separate Ho-Chunk expulsion." }, { "sourceId": "d95-h2", "reason": "Examine the specific 1851 Mendota treaty text as a historical instrument, rather than current legal advice." }, { "sourceId": "p95-s5", "reason": "Finish with the Dakota-created curriculum's public overview; full training-only lessons and effectiveness were not reviewed." } ], "remainingQuestions": [ "The Upper Sioux Community government website returned HTTP 403 to this research request. The accessible state-hosted histories and 2025 government guide provide useful community-attributed material, but the current Community constitution, official land-conveyance instrument, and a direct government publication about the 2024 return remain unreviewed; the access failure is not treated as a paywall and was not bypassed.", "Dakota communities outside Minnesota, including particular governments in the Dakotas, Nebraska, and Canada, need their own community voices and scoped sources. This collection is not an exhaustive homeland or present-community map.", "Specialist Dakota language scholarship is needed for precise language variation and classification; undated public speaker totals should not be used as current demographic findings.", "Original treaty scans, oral understandings, 1863 statutes, community constitutions, and additional Dakota-authored historical scholarship would deepen the collection. Treaty text, state summaries, and public exhibition testimony answer different questions.", "The complete Mni Sóta Maḳoce lesson materials require teacher training; the public page gives the curriculum overview but not the lessons themselves. Outcome research was described by the publisher as forthcoming, so no effectiveness claim is made.", "Dated education reports and community evaluations would be needed before describing current operations, participation, or outcomes. No clinical, legal, membership, or service-eligibility conclusion is proposed.", "No Dakota community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "batchId": "starter-guides-05", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "researchComplete": false, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "imageRecordId": "dakota-santee-lower-sioux-agency-mcghiever-2012" }, "added": false, "slug": "dakota", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MN", "name": "Minnesota", "key": "us-mn" } ] }, { "name": "Daylu Dena Council", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community council", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Daylu Dena Council has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community government in the BC Assembly of First Nations community directory. Directory inclusion and administrative region do not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or a relationship to every broader people label.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body: exact selected name and its region label at lines 122-124; page heading at line 11 supplies British Columbia context. Only selected name/administrative-region content used. No linked histories, affiliation claims, images, interactive map operation or government-power analysis reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "daylu-dena-council", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 96, "name": "Deg Hit'an", "region": "Alaska / Subarctic", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Deg Hit’an people are associated with interior Alaska and the Deg Xinag language.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Deg Hit’an people are associated with interior Alaska and the Deg Xinag language.", "sourceIds": [ "p96-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community names, Yukon and Innoko region histories and language documentation. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p96-s1", "p96-s2", "p96-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p96-s1", "title": "Languages - Deg Xinag | Alaska Native Language Center", "publisher": "uaf.edu", "url": "https://www.uaf.edu/anlc/languages-move/degxinag.php", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Languages - Deg Xinag | Alaska Native Language Center” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p96-s2", "title": "The ASJP Database - Wordlist Deg Xinag", "publisher": "asjp.clld.org", "url": "https://asjp.clld.org/languages/DEG_XINAG", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “The ASJP Database - Wordlist Deg Xinag” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p96-s3", "title": "Deg Xinag | Alaska Native Language Archive | Alaska Native Language Archive", "publisher": "uaf.edu", "url": "https://www.uaf.edu/anla/collections/deg_xinag/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Deg Xinag | Alaska Native Language Archive | Alaska Native Language Archive” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "deg-hitan", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 97, "name": "Delaware (Lenape)", "region": "Northeast / Oklahoma / Canada", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Delaware is an outside name often used for Lenape people. Distinct Lenape communities and governments have different histories.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Delaware is an outside name often used for Lenape people. Distinct Lenape communities and governments have different histories.", "sourceIds": [ "p97-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Lenape naming, removal, language and the relationship to the separate Lenape entry. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p97-s1", "p97-s2", "p97-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p97-s1", "title": "Lenape History - Delaware Tribe of Indians", "publisher": "delawaretribe.org", "url": "https://delawaretribe.org/cultural-education/culture-and-language/lenape-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Lenape History - Delaware Tribe of Indians” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p97-s2", "title": "Microsoft Word - We Are Still Here - Nanticoke and Lenape History_ Booklet_1st edition 5x8.doc", "publisher": "nanticoke-lenape.info", "url": "https://www.nanticoke-lenape.info/images/We_Are_Still_Here_Nanticoke_and_Lenape_History_Booklet_pre-release_v2.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Microsoft Word - We Are Still Here - Nanticoke and Lenape History_ Booklet_1st edition 5x8.doc” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p97-s3", "title": "Lenape Indian Tribe Delaware, Kent County", "publisher": "lenapeindiantribeofdelaware.com", "url": "https://www.lenapeindiantribeofdelaware.com/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Lenape Indian Tribe Delaware, Kent County” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 182, 231 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "relationshipNote": "The original list preserves this name as an access point. Compare the related entries and community-preferred spellings; overlapping names do not always mean identical political communities.", "added": false, "slug": "delaware-lenape", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Great Plains", "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "name": "Delaware Nation, Oklahoma", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Oklahoma", "overview": "Delaware Nation, Oklahoma has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "delaware-nation-oklahoma", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "originalId": 98, "name": "Dena'ina", "region": "Alaska / Cook Inlet", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Dena’ina people have homelands around Alaska’s Cook Inlet region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Dena’ina people have homelands around Alaska’s Cook Inlet region.", "sourceIds": [ "p98-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Dena’ina language, place-based knowledge and local community histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p98-s1", "p98-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p98-s1", "title": "Dena'ina Topical Dictionary - Lake Clark National Park & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)", "publisher": "home.nps.gov", "url": "https://home.nps.gov/lacl/learn/historyculture/denaina-topical-dictionary.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Dena'ina Topical Dictionary - Lake Clark National Park & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p98-s2", "title": "Dena'ina Language Home Page | Academics | Kenai Peninsula College", "publisher": "kpc.uaa.alaska.edu", "url": "https://kpc.uaa.alaska.edu/academics/special-programs/denaina-language-site/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Dena'ina Language Home Page | Academics | Kenai Peninsula College” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "denaina", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 99, "name": "Dene", "region": "Canada / Subarctic", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Dene is a broad term used by multiple northern peoples and institutions. It should not be treated as one uniform nation.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Dene is a broad term used by multiple northern peoples and institutions. It should not be treated as one uniform nation.", "sourceIds": [ "p99-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-specific self-identification, language names and political organizations. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p99-s1", "p99-s2", "p99-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p99-s1", "title": "Upholding the Rights and Interests of the Dene |", "publisher": "denenation.com", "url": "https://denenation.com/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Upholding the Rights and Interests of the Dene |” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p99-s2", "title": "Dené | I-Portal: Indigenous Studies Portal", "publisher": "iportal.usask.ca", "url": "https://iportal.usask.ca/language/dene", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Dené | I-Portal: Indigenous Studies Portal” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p99-s3", "title": "Wailaki / Eel River Dene", "publisher": "cla.berkeley.edu", "url": "https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/eel-river-athabaskan.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Wailaki / Eel River Dene” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 61, 100, 101, 353 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "dene", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska", "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-NT", "name": "Northwest Territories", "key": "ca-nt" } ] }, { "originalId": 100, "name": "Denesuline", "region": "Canada / Subarctic", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Denesuline, often written Dënesųłıné or Dëne Sųłıné, overlaps with the outside name Chipewyan in the original list.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Denesuline, often written Dënesųłıné or Dëne Sųłıné, overlaps with the outside name Chipewyan in the original list.", "sourceIds": [ "p100-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Preferred spellings, Dene languages and individual community histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p100-s1", "p100-s2", "p100-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p100-s1", "title": "Dëne Sųłıné Resources | Education, Culture and Employment", "publisher": "ece.gov.nt.ca", "url": "https://www.ece.gov.nt.ca/en/dene-suline", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Dëne Sųłıné Resources | Education, Culture and Employment” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p100-s2", "title": "Dene Language and the Chipewyan Indian tribe (Dene Suline, Denes)", "publisher": "native-languages.org", "url": "https://www.native-languages.org/chipewyin.htm", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Dene Language and the Chipewyan Indian tribe (Dene Suline, Denes)” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p100-s3", "title": "The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan | Details", "publisher": "esask.uregina.ca", "url": "https://esask.uregina.ca/entry/fond_du_lac_denesuline_first_nation.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan | Details” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 61, 99 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "relationshipNote": "The original list preserves this name as an access point. Compare the related entries and community-preferred spellings; overlapping names do not always mean identical political communities.", "added": false, "slug": "denesuline", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska", "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-AB", "name": "Alberta", "key": "ca-ab" }, { "id": "CA-MB", "name": "Manitoba", "key": "ca-mb" }, { "id": "CA-NT", "name": "Northwest Territories", "key": "ca-nt" }, { "id": "CA-SK", "name": "Saskatchewan", "key": "ca-sk" } ] }, { "originalId": 101, "name": "Dogrib (Tłı̨chǫ)", "region": "Northwest Territories", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tłı̨chǫ is a community name used alongside the older outside name Dogrib.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tłı̨chǫ is a community name used alongside the older outside name Dogrib.", "sourceIds": [ "p101-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Tłı̨chǫ language, territorial relationships, agreement history and contemporary government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p101-s1", "p101-s2", "p101-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p101-s1", "title": "Habitat of Dogrib", "publisher": "research.tlicho.ca", "url": "https://research.tlicho.ca/sites/default/files/105-place_names_report-web.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Habitat of Dogrib” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p101-s2", "title": "The ASJP Database - Wordlist Dogrib", "publisher": "asjp.clld.org", "url": "https://asjp.clld.org/languages/DOGRIB", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “The ASJP Database - Wordlist Dogrib” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p101-s3", "title": "ERIC - ED238633 - A Dogrib History. Grade 4-6., 1983", "publisher": "eric.ed.gov.qipservices.com", "url": "https://eric.ed.gov.qipservices.com/?ff1=subConflict&ff2=pubGuides+-+Classroom+-+Learner&id=ED238633&q=descriptor%3A%22Conflict%22", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “ERIC - ED238633 - A Dogrib History. Grade 4-6., 1983” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 99 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "dogrib-t-cho", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-NT", "name": "Northwest Territories", "key": "ca-nt" } ] }, { "name": "Dokis First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — Lake Huron region member listing", "overview": "Dokis First Nation’s relationship with the French River is a useful starting point for learning about its community-directed energy and land-management work. A community-approved case study and a detailed interview with its lands administrator document particular projects and their limits.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. Membership alone is not treated as proof of Ojibwe, Anishinaabe or other ethnic identity.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Community decisions and a hydro partnership", "text": "The 2024 Okikendawt case study presents hydroelectric development as a long-term Dokis initiative involving community meetings, successive leaders and a partnership with Hydromega. Its methods explain that Dokis reviewed the account and held final approval. The report links the project with planning for community benefits. This supplies a community-approved perspective; it does not independently establish every financial or environmental outcome.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-dokis-hydro-case" ] }, { "title": "Land administration and learning new technologies", "text": "In a 2025 interview, lands administrator Randy Restoule explains how Dokis uses drones and geographic information systems to obtain updated imagery and investigate changes along the French River. He also describes opportunities for young people to learn field and computer skills. These are his dated accounts of work and plans. The underlying measurements and individual property questions were not independently reviewed here.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-dokis-gis" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p6-dokis-hydro-case", "title": "The Dokis First Nation and the Okikendawt Hydro Power Project", "publisher": "Indigenous Clean Energy / Indigenous Peoples Rights International / Business & Human Rights Resource Centre", "url": "https://media.business-humanrights.org/media/documents/Dokis_First_Nation_case_study.pdf", "type": "Reporting / interview", "topics": [ "Community development", "Energy", "Stewardship" ], "annotation": "October 2024 case study, PDF pp.1–5 actually read: project background, methods, community involvement and decision making. Its methods state that Dokis held final edits and approvals. An affirmative project account, not an independent audit; financing records, underlying votes and environmental outcomes were not independently verified.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "2024-10", "contentReviewScope": "PDF pages1–5, selected complete sections1–7: executive summary, background, methods, project overview, community setting and decision-making.", "accessNotes": "Public actual-content body/PDF selected pages were read without a login. October2024 affirmative case study by project/Indigenous/rights partners. Methods state Dokis held final edits/approvals. Underlying votes, finance, agreements, trust records and environmental audit not independently inspected. No sensitive practices or sites reproduced." }, { "id": "p6-dokis-gis", "title": "Dokis First Nation soars in mapping projects", "publisher": "Anishinabek News", "url": "https://anishinabeknews.ca/2025/05/dokis-first-nation-soars-in-mapping-projects/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Land administration", "Technology", "Education" ], "annotation": "Complete May 14, 2025 article read, with particular attention to Randy Restoule’s explanation of drone/GIS work, historical-water-level research and youth opportunities. An attributed interview, not independently inspected survey data or a determination of property boundaries. Sensitive site and burial details are not reproduced.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "2025-05-14", "author": "Kelly Anne Smith", "contentReviewScope": "Complete May14,2025 main article and RandyRestoule interview, web body lines3–57; selected synthesis uses lands technology and youth-learning discussion.", "accessNotes": "Public actual-content body/PDF selected pages were read without a login. Journalist’s attributed interview, not original GIS datasets, surveyor/legal determination or verified later plans. Sensitive archaeological/burial details and exact survey/property anecdotes excluded." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page18 (zero-based17): named member entry with Ontario address; parenthetical name retained only where explicit.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections.", "Expand community-authored historical and language sources beyond these selected development and lands accounts.", "Compare project benefits with later community assessments and original reports rather than treating the case study as an audit.", "Review original survey and environmental work separately; this guide does not determine boundaries, current legal authority or sensitive sites." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A small, purposefully selected actual-content starting path and specifically scoped credited image are now available. Fuller history, source comparison and community review remain open; quantity does not establish completion.", "remainingLimits": [ "Expand community-authored historical and language sources beyond these selected development and lands accounts.", "Compare project benefits with later community assessments and original reports rather than treating the case study as an audit.", "Review original survey and environmental work separately; this guide does not determine boundaries, current legal authority or sensitive sites." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p6-dokis-hydro-case", "p6-dokis-gis" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; fuller history remains open", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-06", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "scopeNote": "A short starting path through selected actual-content works. Read each annotation for the specific community, period and inspection limits; this is not a complete history or community endorsement.", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p6-dokis-hydro-case", "reason": "Start with the case study’s methods and community decision-making discussion; retain its affirmative project perspective." }, { "sourceId": "p6-dokis-gis", "reason": "Follow an attributed explanation of contemporary lands work and learning opportunities." } ], "imageRecordId": "c06-dokis-french-river-rapids-2015" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Cohort06: selected actual-content sources and specifically scoped credited imagery form a bounded starting guide. Reused publications/photos are not new global works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "dokis-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "name": "Douglas Indian Association", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Douglas Indian Association has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 845; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "douglas-indian-association", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Dry Creek Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians, California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Dry Creek Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians, California has an individually findable directory outline. 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Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "dry-creek-rancheria-band-of-pomo-indians-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 102, "name": "Duwamish", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Washington", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Duwamish communities have enduring relationships with the Seattle region. The Tribe publishes its own account of identity and history.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Duwamish communities have enduring relationships with the Seattle region. The Tribe publishes its own account of identity and history.", "sourceIds": [ "p102-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Duwamish perspectives, local homelands, language and political history. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p102-s1", "p102-s2", "p102-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p102-s1", "title": "FAQS — Duwamish Tribe", "publisher": "duwamishtribe.org", "url": "https://www.duwamishtribe.org/faqs", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “FAQS — Duwamish Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p102-s2", "title": "Duwamish River — Duwamish Tribe", "publisher": "duwamishtribe.org", "url": "https://www.duwamishtribe.org/duwamish-river", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Duwamish River — Duwamish Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p102-s3", "title": "Duwamish History", "publisher": "records.tukwilawa.gov", "url": "https://records.tukwilawa.gov/WebLink/1/edoc/351054/1855%20-%20Duwamish%20People.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Duwamish History” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "duwamish", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "name": "Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Oklahoma", "overview": "Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "eastern-shawnee-tribe-of-oklahoma", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "name": "Eastern Shoshone Tribe of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Wyoming", "overview": "Eastern Shoshone Tribe of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "eastern-shoshone-tribe-of-the-wind-river-reservation-wyoming", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WY", "name": "Wyoming", "key": "us-wy" } ] }, { "name": "Egegik Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Egegik Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 847; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "egegik-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Eklutna Native Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Eklutna Native Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 849; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "eklutna-native-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Elem Indian Colony of Pomo Indians of the Sulphur Bank Rancheria, California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Elem Indian Colony of Pomo Indians of the Sulphur Bank Rancheria, California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "elem-indian-colony-of-pomo-indians-of-the-sulphur-bank-rancheria-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Elk Valley Rancheria, California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Elk Valley Rancheria, California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "elk-valley-rancheria-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Nevada", "overview": "Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "ely-shoshone-tribe-of-nevada", "regionGroups": [ "Great Basin" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NV", "name": "Nevada", "key": "us-nv" } ] }, { "added": true, "name": "Emberá", "region": "Central America / Panama / Colombia", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Emberá is a wider peoplehood with distinct communities in Panama and Colombia. It should be distinguished from Wounaan identity even where administrative sources discuss them together.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Emberá is a wider peoplehood with distinct communities in Panama and Colombia. It should be distinguished from Wounaan identity even where administrative sources discuss them together.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Regional self-designations, language diversity, territory and community cultural institutions. Start with the annotated sources and compare each publisher’s scope and perspective.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1", "added-s2", "added-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "added-s1", "title": "ATP coordina recorrido de prensa por los principales destinos Emberá de la región. - Autoridad de Turismo de Panamá", "publisher": "atp.gob.pa", "url": "https://www.atp.gob.pa/atp-coordina-recorrido-de-prensa-por-los-principales-destinos-embera-de-la-region/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “ATP coordina recorrido de prensa por los principales destinos Emberá de la región. - Autoridad de Turismo de Panamá” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "added-s2", "title": "1.1 Aspectos sociales y culturales del pueblo Emberá", "publisher": "up-rid.up.ac.pa", "url": "https://up-rid.up.ac.pa/7310/1/lupita_omi.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “1.1 Aspectos sociales y culturales del pueblo Emberá” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "added-s3", "title": "Las danzas emberá | Sicultura", "publisher": "sicultura.gob.pa", "url": "https://sicultura.gob.pa/manifestaciones-culturales/las-danzas-embera", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Las danzas emberá | Sicultura” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 435 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "slug": "embera", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "PA", "name": "Panama", "key": "pa" } ] }, { "name": "Emmonak Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Emmonak Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 851; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "emmonak-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 103, "name": "Eno", "region": "Southeast / North Carolina", "kind": "Historical people / name", "overview": "Eno is a historical people name associated with North Carolina’s Piedmont and the Eno River. The linked state plan and historical reference support this limited geographical introduction; later histories and descendant connections need further review.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and geographical context", "text": "Eno is a historical people name associated with North Carolina’s Piedmont and the Eno River. The linked state plan and historical reference support this limited geographical introduction; later histories and descendant connections need further review.", "sourceIds": [ "p103-geography-20261021", "p103-ncpedia-geography-20261021" ] }, { "title": "Evidence review in progress", "text": "This guide previously contained unrelated source links. They have been removed from this entry and retained in the correction record for traceability. The relevant geographic references below support an initial map route, not a completed history or source collection. Further research should examine naming, historical change and later community connections without inferring disappearance from sparse records.", "sourceIds": [ "p103-geography-20261021", "p103-ncpedia-geography-20261021" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p103-geography-20261021", "title": "Eno River State Park General Management Plan — North Carolina Division of Parks and Recreation", "publisher": "North Carolina Division of Parks and Recreation", "url": "https://www.ncparks.gov/planning-files/general-management-plan-eno-river-state-park/open", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Historical geography", "Identity" ], "annotation": "The state plan identifies Eno people living along the Eno River at early European contact. Jean B. Anderson's Library of North Carolina account independently locates the historical Eno in North Carolina's Piedmont. This supports a historical North Carolina connection without assigning a modern Eno government or adopting uncertain descendant-identification claims. Inspection: Actual PDF cover, mission text and printed page 3 (PDF page 2), II. HISTORY, especially lines 31–34 identifying Eno, Shakori and Occoneechee along the river. Supporting Anderson, Eno Indians (2006), first geographic paragraph was read in complete indexed article text; direct NCpedia fetch returned 403. No old profile source was reused. Supporting geographic excerpt; excluded from the substantive profile-source target.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p103-ncpedia-geography-20261021", "title": "Eno Indians — Jean B. Anderson (2006)", "publisher": "Library of North Carolina / NCpedia", "url": "https://www.ncpedia.org/eno-indians", "type": "Scholarly / reference", "topics": [ "Historical geography", "Identity" ], "annotation": "The indexed geographic opening of Anderson’s article was inspected; it places the historical Eno in North Carolina’s Piedmont. The direct request returned403, which does not establish a reader paywall. Supporting geographic excerpt only, excluded from the substantive source target. Broader historical and descendant claims await review.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "eno", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NC", "name": "North Carolina", "key": "us-nc" } ] }, { "name": "Enterprise Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Enterprise Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "enterprise-rancheria-of-maidu-indians-of-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 104, "name": "Erie", "region": "Northeast / Great Lakes", "kind": "Historical people / name", "overview": "Erie is a historical people name associated with the Lake Erie region. A Pennsylvania county-government account identifies Eriez communities on its lakeshore. Broader geography and later community histories need further review.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and geographical context", "text": "Erie is a historical people name associated with the Lake Erie region. A Pennsylvania county-government account identifies Eriez communities on its lakeshore. Broader geography and later community histories need further review.", "sourceIds": [ "p104-geography-20261021" ] }, { "title": "Evidence review in progress", "text": "This guide previously contained unrelated source links. They have been removed from this entry and retained in the correction record for traceability. The relevant geographic references below support an initial map route, not a completed history or source collection. Further research should examine naming, historical change and later community connections without inferring disappearance from sparse records.", "sourceIds": [ "p104-geography-20261021" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p104-geography-20261021", "title": "History of Erie County — Erie County, Pennsylvania", "publisher": "Erie County, Pennsylvania", "url": "https://eriecountypa.gov/about/about-erie-county/history-of-erie-county/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Historical geography", "Identity" ], "annotation": "Erie County's own history identifies the Eriez people as the source of the Pennsylvania county's name and describes their settlement on its lakeshore. This is a specific Pennsylvania historical connection for the Erie access point, rather than an inference from a modern lake or city name. Inspection: The county's indexed opening paragraph and explicit page identification as Erie County, PA were read. Direct fetch timed out. The paragraph actually names Eriez people; it is not a modern canal or unrelated Erie County source. The account's claim that the people were destroyed is not adopted. Supporting geographic excerpt; excluded from the substantive profile-source target.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "erie", "regionGroups": [ "Great Lakes", "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-PA", "name": "Pennsylvania", "key": "us-pa" } ] }, { "name": "Esquimalt Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community government", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Esquimalt Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community government in the BC Assembly of First Nations community directory. Directory inclusion and administrative region do not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or a relationship to every broader people label.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body: exact selected name only; no internal region is supplied in this entry at lines 150; page heading at line 11 supplies British Columbia context. Only selected name/administrative-region content used. No linked histories, affiliation claims, images, interactive map operation or government-power analysis reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "esquimalt-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 105, "name": "Esselen", "region": "California / Monterey County", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Esselen people have homelands in the central California coast region and continuing community institutions.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Esselen people have homelands in the central California coast region and continuing community institutions.", "sourceIds": [ "p105-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Esselen-authored identity, land return, language history and community continuity. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p105-s1", "p105-s2", "p105-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p105-s1", "title": "Esselen Tribe of Monterey County | OUR HISTORY", "publisher": "esselentribe.org", "url": "https://www.esselentribe.org/history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Esselen Tribe of Monterey County | OUR HISTORY” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p105-s2", "title": "Esselen Tribe of Monterey County | OUR HISTORY", "publisher": "esselentribe.org", "url": "https://www.esselentribe.org/copy-of-our-history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Esselen Tribe of Monterey County | OUR HISTORY” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p105-s3", "title": "Language", "publisher": "ohlonecostanoanesselennation.org", "url": "https://www.ohlonecostanoanesselennation.org/Language.html", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Language” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "esselen", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 106, "name": "Eufaula", "region": "Southeast / Oklahoma", "kind": "Historical people / name", "overview": "Eufaula is a name connected with historical Muscogee towns and later communities. Place names alone do not establish one separate tribal nation.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Eufaula is a name connected with historical Muscogee towns and later communities. Place names alone do not establish one separate tribal nation.", "sourceIds": [ "p106-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Creek town histories, removal and changing uses of the name Eufaula. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p106-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p106-s1", "title": "Eufaula | Encyclopedia", "publisher": "okhistory.org", "url": "https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=EU001", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Eufaula | Encyclopedia” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "eufaula", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains", "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AL", "name": "Alabama", "key": "us-al" } ] }, { "originalId": 107, "name": "Eyak", "region": "Alaska / Gulf of Alaska", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Eyak people have homelands in the Gulf of Alaska and Copper River Delta region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Eyak people have homelands in the Gulf of Alaska and Copper River Delta region.", "sourceIds": [ "p107-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Eyak community perspectives, language reclamation and territorial histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p107-s1", "p107-s2", "p107-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p107-s1", "title": "Native Village of Eyak - About Us", "publisher": "eyak-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.eyak-nsn.gov/about-us/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Native Village of Eyak - About Us” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p107-s2", "title": "Native Village of Eyak - About", "publisher": "old.eyak-nsn.gov", "url": "https://old.eyak-nsn.gov/about/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Native Village of Eyak - About” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p107-s3", "title": "Languages - Eyak | Alaska Native Language Center", "publisher": "uaf.edu", "url": "https://www.uaf.edu/anlc/languages-move/eyak.php", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Languages - Eyak | Alaska Native Language Center” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "eyak", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria, California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria, California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "federated-indians-of-graton-rancheria-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "South Dakota", "overview": "Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "flandreau-santee-sioux-tribe-of-south-dakota", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-SD", "name": "South Dakota", "key": "us-sd" } ] }, { "originalId": 108, "name": "Flathead (Bitterroot Salish)", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Montana", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Bitterroot Salish is a people’s identity often encountered under the historical outside name Flathead.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Bitterroot Salish is a people’s identity often encountered under the historical outside name Flathead.", "sourceIds": [ "p108-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Salish-authored accounts, forced removal from the Bitterroot and contemporary confederated government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p108-s1", "p108-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p108-s1", "title": "Séliš-Ql̓ispé Culture Committee | Confederated Salish Kootenai", "publisher": "cskt.org", "url": "https://cskt.org/sqcc/history-culture/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Séliš-Ql̓ispé Culture Committee | Confederated Salish Kootenai” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p108-s2", "title": "Séliš-Ql̓ispé Culture Committee | Confederated Salish Kootenai", "publisher": "cskt.org", "url": "https://cskt.org/sqcc/language/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Séliš-Ql̓ispé Culture Committee | Confederated Salish Kootenai” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 329 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "flathead-bitterroot-salish", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest", "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MT", "name": "Montana", "key": "us-mt" } ] }, { "name": "Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Minnesota", "overview": "The Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa is a distinct Ojibwe government in Minnesota. Two community publications offer a focused introduction through Ojibwemowin and food sovereignty. The Band’s language statement explains its institutional commitment to language, while its Food Sovereignty Assessment 2019–2022 connects food access, gardens and community education. Together they introduce community priorities within clearly dated and limited sources.", "relationshipNote": "MnDOT explicitly places this individual Minnesota government under its Ojibwe Tribal Nation grouping. It remains a separate government; the broader Ojibwe directory route is related reading, not a substitute identity.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Ojibwemowin and cultural continuity", "text": "The Band’s language statement records its 2010 resolution making Ojibwe its official language and the creation of a language program in 2015. It places learning goals within an account of cultural continuity and the effects of historical schooling. This is the Band’s own explanation of why language work matters. It gives a useful starting vocabulary for further reading, but its institutional dates do not establish current speaker numbers, present class schedules or learning outcomes. Linked lessons and videos require their own inspection.", "sourceIds": [ "p265-s14" ] }, { "title": "Food access, gardens and community education", "text": "The Band’s assessment describes Gitigaaning as a community farm and training site, with demonstration gardens and a kitchen/cannery. Its survey ran from December 2018 to May 2019 and received 342 responses; most analysis used 223 responses from Band members, descendants or elders, while some questions included broader groups. Participation was voluntary through online and paper forms. The report expressly limits representativeness, so its findings should stay tied to those respondents and that period. Its program descriptions are useful reading about food sovereignty and education; they do not establish present operations or demonstrate outcomes for every Band member.", "sourceIds": [ "p265-s28" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p265-s14", "title": "Ojibwemowin — Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "author": "Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "publisher": "Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "url": "https://about.fdlband.org/ojibwe/index.htm", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Band language-program statement and public learning-resource index", "topics": [ "Fond du Lac Band", "Ojibwemowin", "Language revitalization", "Treaty history" ], "publicationDate": "Undated page; language resolution dated 2010 and program history dated 2015", "annotation": "Fond du Lac describes Ojibwemowin’s role in its community, cites the Band’s 2010 resolution naming Ojibwe its official language and its 2015 language-program creation. First-person language about cultural continuity and historical schooling remains attributed to the Band; this is not a current language-speaker count.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible language-history statement (lines 17–30), including the 2010 resolution, 2015 program and learning goals. Linked teaching materials and videos were not opened.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p265-s28", "title": "Food Sovereignty Assessment 2019–2022", "publisher": "Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "author": "Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "url": "https://www.fdlband.org/Documents/Service/Planning%20Divisions/Documents/FoodSovereigntyAssessment2019-22.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led community assessment", "topics": [ "Fond du Lac", "Foodways", "Education", "Survey methods" ], "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "annotation": "A dated community assessment linking food access and gardening education. Its voluntary survey is a bounded community snapshot, not a representative measurement of every Band member or all Ojibwe peoples. Read the program descriptions alongside the methodology; present operations and outcomes were not verified.", "contentReviewScope": "Searchable text of printed pp.5–8,16–20,22–31 reviewed on October 23, 2026. Page images, maps and charts were not visually inspected. Medical claims, eligibility advice and numerical chart labels are excluded from synthesis; no image is reproduced." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.dot.state.mn.us/mntribes/mntribes.html", "publisher": "Minnesota Department of Transportation", "scope": "Actual Tribal Nations in Minnesota page, lines22–74: eleven individually listed governments, explicitly grouped under seven Ojibwe and four Dakota nations. Separate-sovereign-government wording read; linked sheets and tribal destinations were not content-reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 265 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Add a direct Band public-history account and inspect primary treaty records; this starting profile concentrates on language and food sovereignty.", "Inspect selected public language lessons or videos and identify their teachers, intended audience and reuse terms.", "Check current Gitigaaning and language-program operations through dated community publications.", "The selected photograph supplies explicitly labeled regional watershed context; an exact Band institution or reservation landscape image with reusable rights remains desirable." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Adequate initial introduction", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "Useful within the disclosed source and image scopes as a starting profile; no fixed source minimum or comprehensive completion claim.", "remainingLimits": [ "Add a direct Band public-history account and inspect primary treaty records; this starting profile concentrates on language and food sovereignty.", "Inspect selected public language lessons or videos and identify their teachers, intended audience and reuse terms.", "Check current Gitigaaning and language-program operations through dated community publications.", "The selected photograph supplies explicitly labeled regional watershed context; an exact Band institution or reservation landscape image with reusable rights remains desirable." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p265-s14", "p265-s28" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Community-specific starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "p265-s14", "copiedFromOriginalId": 265, "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "originalContentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible language-history statement (lines 17–30), including the 2010 resolution, 2015 program and learning goals. Linked teaching materials and videos were not opened.", "sourceObjectUnmodified": true, "newOriginalSourceReviewCount": 0, "accessNote": "Public web page or PDF at the recorded original review; existing review/access dates are retained. This package does not claim a fresh full-source access audit.", "perspective": "Indigenous-led", "limits": "Read the complete visible language-history statement (lines 17–30), including the 2010 resolution, 2015 program and learning goals. Linked teaching materials and videos were not opened." }, { "sourceId": "p265-s28", "copiedFromOriginalId": 265, "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "originalContentReviewScope": "Searchable text of printed pp.5–8,16–20,22–31 reviewed on October 23, 2026. Page images, maps and charts were not visually inspected. Medical claims, eligibility advice and numerical chart labels are excluded from synthesis; no image is reproduced.", "sourceObjectUnmodified": true, "newOriginalSourceReviewCount": 0, "accessNote": "Public web page or PDF at the recorded original review; existing review/access dates are retained. This package does not claim a fresh full-source access audit.", "perspective": "Indigenous-led community assessment", "limits": "Searchable text of printed pp.5–8,16–20,22–31 reviewed on October 23, 2026. Page images, maps and charts were not visually inspected. Medical claims, eligibility advice and numerical chart labels are excluded from synthesis; no image is reproduced." } ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-02", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p265-s14", "reason": "Start with the Band’s short language statement and its dated policy and program history." }, { "sourceId": "p265-s28", "reason": "Read the selected assessment pages for food access, gardens and community education, alongside its survey-method limits." } ], "scopeNote": "A community-specific starting profile assembled from selected actual-content sources, retaining their earlier inspection dates and exact scopes. The wider Ojibwe profile is related reading, not a substitute government or a claim of equal coverage.", "reviewRationale": "A few useful community-specific publications provide a bounded point of entry while the explicit remaining questions stay open.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Add a direct Band public-history account and inspect primary treaty records; this starting profile concentrates on language and food sovereignty.", "Inspect selected public language lessons or videos and identify their teachers, intended audience and reuse terms.", "Check current Gitigaaning and language-program operations through dated community publications.", "The selected photograph supplies explicitly labeled regional watershed context; an exact Band institution or reservation landscape image with reusable rights remains desirable." ], "imageRecordId": "fond-du-lac-cloquet-watershed", "reviewBasis": "Source selection and synthesis checked against existing actual-content source records and retained research notes. Only the listed records are reused. New photograph identification, item rights and complete delivered image frames were inspected on 2026-10-27. No fresh full-source review or exhaustive completion is claimed.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false }, "evidenceNotes": [ "A community-specific starting guide reuses selected earlier actual-content reviews with their original dates/scopes. It does not add new global works merely because a URL appears on this route. Picture identification/rights are separate from historical adequacy or community endorsement." ], "slug": "fond-du-lac-band-of-lake-superior-chippewa", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MN", "name": "Minnesota", "key": "us-mn" } ] }, { "name": "Forest County Potawatomi Community", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Wisconsin, United States — current government listing", "overview": "Forest County Potawatomi Community is a distinct Potawatomi government whose public timeline connects wider Potawatomi history with a particular Wisconsin institutional history. It traces land purchase using treaty money in 1913 and identifies reorganization as the Forest County Potawatomi Community in 1937. Later entries describe a Tribal court, a community newspaper and the museum, showing several forms of institution building. Those local milestones should be distinguished from earlier events involving Potawatomi people more broadly. The Community's Cultural Preservation page provides a complementary route into public history. It describes a museum collection of photographs, recordings, manuscripts, treaties and language materials, alongside a tribally owned library focused on Native studies and Great Lakes communities. The library also maintains non-circulating research material, so a public catalog is not the same as unrestricted access to every collection item. The pictured Milwaukee hotel is part of the Community's casino enterprise, whose own page explicitly identifies the owner and operator. Together, these sources introduce history, cultural institutions and one economic institution, while leaving detailed chronology and outcomes for further study.", "relationshipNote": "The state roster identifies this named Tribal Nation separately. It does not establish the full history or relationships of every broader reading label.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "A local institutional timeline", "text": "The Community dates land purchase using treaty funds to 1913 and its reorganization to 1937. Its later chronology includes a Tribal court, newspaper and museum. These specific entries offer a route into Forest County history without merging every Potawatomi government.", "sourceIds": [ "c4-fcp-timeline" ] }, { "title": "Museum and research library", "text": "The Cultural Preservation page describes photographs, recordings, manuscripts and language materials in the museum and a tribally owned public library. Its research library includes non-circulating material; collection access and individual provenance need separate review.", "sourceIds": [ "c4-fcp-culture" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c4-fcp-timeline", "title": "Timeline of Potawatomi History", "publisher": "Forest County Potawatomi Community", "url": "https://www.fcpotawatomi.com/cultural-preservation/timeline-of-potawatomi-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community history", "Institution building", "Land" ], "annotation": "The Community's timeline moves from wider Potawatomi history to its Wisconsin government and institutions. Selected local milestones are useful; broad superlatives, treaty totals and legal shorthand need more precise records.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual timeline body lines 59–171 read; selected 1913, 1937, 1994–95 and 2002–03 entries. Earlier broad Potawatomi claims and reservation-status shorthand are not adopted as comprehensive chronology.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessLimits": "Public HTML selected body read; linked resources not read unless separately listed." }, { "id": "c4-fcp-culture", "title": "Cultural Preservation — Cultural Center, Library, & Museum", "publisher": "Forest County Potawatomi Community", "url": "https://www.fcpotawatomi.com/cultural-preservation/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community museum", "Library and archives", "Public history" ], "annotation": "The Community explains the museum's educational purpose and the library's Native-studies collections and research restrictions. It is an institutional introduction, not an item-level collection review or guarantee of current visitor access.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual museum purpose/collection paragraphs, services list and library body read in rendered content and downloaded HTML. Hours, fees, gift-shop promotions and the linked catalog/brochure excluded.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessLimits": "Direct web opens timed out; ordinary HTTP retrieved 200 HTML and selected body was read. Catalog and individual archival items remain unreviewed." }, { "id": "c4-fcp-hotel-context", "title": "About Our Business", "publisher": "Potawatomi Casino Hotel, Forest County Potawatomi Community enterprise", "url": "https://www.potawatomi.com/business/about-our-business", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Photograph context", "Community enterprise" ], "annotation": "Supporting image context: the enterprise explicitly names Forest County Potawatomi Community as owner and operator. Marketing superlatives and claimed social outcomes are not adopted.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual About Potawatomi body read: ownership/operation and historical Milwaukee enterprise context only; used to connect the pictured hotel to this government.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "accessLimits": "Public HTML selected body read; linked resources not read unless separately listed." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://dcf.wisconsin.gov/tribalaffairs/tribalinformation", "publisher": "Wisconsin Department of Children and Families", "title": "Tribal Information — Federally Recognized Tribes in Wisconsin", "scope": "Named in the complete eleven-government list; identity/name check only.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 307 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Deepen local land and government chronology with community-authored scholarship and primary records; separate wider Potawatomi events from this government.", "Inspect individual collection records and language materials and verify applicable research access.", "Assess institutional and economic outcomes using suitable evidence beyond institutional and enterprise descriptions." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded collection of actual selected source bodies supports a useful starting guide for this named government. It remains incomplete and does not imply community endorsement.", "remainingLimits": [ "Deepen local land and government chronology with community-authored scholarship and primary records; separate wider Potawatomi events from this government.", "Inspect individual collection records and language materials and verify applicable research access.", "Assess institutional and economic outcomes using suitable evidence beyond institutional and enterprise descriptions." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "c4-fcp-timeline", "c4-fcp-culture", "c4-fcp-hotel-context" ], "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-04", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c4-fcp-timeline", "reason": "The Community's timeline moves from wider Potawatomi history to its Wisconsin government and institutions. Selected local milestones are useful; broad superlatives, treaty totals and legal shorthand need more precise records." }, { "sourceId": "c4-fcp-culture", "reason": "The Community explains the museum's educational purpose and the library's Native-studies collections and research restrictions. It is an institutional introduction, not an item-level collection review or guarantee of current visitor access." } ], "scopeNote": "Exact named government; broader Ojibwe or Potawatomi histories and related governments remain distinct.", "reviewBasis": "Actual selected bodies read; baseline identification evidence and supporting photograph context are retained separately and do not count as substantive reading.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Deepen local land and government chronology with community-authored scholarship and primary records; separate wider Potawatomi events from this government.", "Inspect individual collection records and language materials and verify applicable research access.", "Assess institutional and economic outcomes using suitable evidence beyond institutional and enterprise descriptions." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "imageRecordId": "forest-county-potawatomi-hotel-2015" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "forest-county-potawatomi-community", "regionGroups": [ "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WI", "name": "Wisconsin", "key": "us-wi" } ] }, { "name": "Fort Belknap Indian Community of the Fort Belknap Reservation of Montana", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Montana", "overview": "Fort Belknap Indian Community of the Fort Belknap Reservation of Montana has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "fort-belknap-indian-community-of-the-fort-belknap-reservation-of-montana", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MT", "name": "Montana", "key": "us-mt" } ] }, { "name": "Fort Bidwell Indian Community of the Fort Bidwell Reservation of California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Fort Bidwell Indian Community of the Fort Bidwell Reservation of California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "fort-bidwell-indian-community-of-the-fort-bidwell-reservation-of-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Fort Independence Indian Community of Paiute Indians of the Fort Independence Reservation, California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Fort Independence Indian Community of Paiute Indians of the Fort Independence Reservation, California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "fort-independence-indian-community-of-paiute-indians-of-the-fort-independence-reservation-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation, Arizona", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Arizona", "overview": "Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation, Arizona has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "fort-mcdowell-yavapai-nation-arizona", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AZ", "name": "Arizona", "key": "us-az" } ] }, { "name": "Fort William First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — listing address only", "overview": "Fort William First Nation is an Anishinaabe community connected to the western end of Lake Superior and Anemki-Wajiw. These starting sources pair historical treaty interpretation with a named Elder’s account of family, land-based learning and education.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. This is an organizational relationship; membership alone does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, citizenship, jurisdiction or representation of another named community.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Treaty history in a particular community", "text": "Thunder Bay Museum’s Robinson-Superior account connects Fort William First Nation with the1850 treaty and identifies Anemki-Wajiw as Mount McKay. Its archival caption describes an annuity gathering there in1933. These records offer a way to study the treaty relationship through a named community and documented event, rather than treating every north-shore First Nation as interchangeable. The museum’s interpretation does not settle present legal rights or establish that treaty commitments were fulfilled.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-fwfn-treaty-museum" ] }, { "title": "An Elder’s experience of learning", "text": "In Rick Garrick’s2021 report, Fort William Elder Rita Fenton recalls a childhood in which her family hunted, fished and gathered from the land. She also describes later education and renewed learning about Indigenous histories. Her public storytelling connects personal experience with responsibilities to younger generations. This is an attributed individual life account; it should not stand in for every Fort William family or authorize reproducing cultural teachings beyond their public context.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-fwfn-fenton-story" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p6-fwfn-treaty-museum", "title": "Northwestern Ontario Treaties: Robinson Superior Treaty of 1850", "publisher": "Thunder Bay Museum", "url": "https://www.thunderbaymuseum.com/exhibits/virtual-exhibits/northwestern-ontario-treaties/", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Treaties", "Public history", "Archives" ], "annotation": "Read the introduction, complete Robinson Superior subsection and its photograph captions; other treaty sections are outside this selected review. Connects Fort William/Anemki-Wajiw with the 1850 treaty and a specifically dated 1933 annuity gathering. Museum interpretation and archival captions, not a current legal ruling or a review of original treaty papers. No museum images reproduced.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Read the introduction, complete Robinson Superior subsection and its photograph captions; other treaty sections are outside this selected review. Connects Fort William/Anemki-Wajiw with the 1850 treaty and a specifically dated 1933 annuity gathering. Museum interpretation and archival captions, not a current legal ruling or a review of original treaty papers. No museum images reproduced.", "accessNotes": "Substantial actual public article body read through the web reader; this is not an inspection of linked publications, photographs or underlying records. No login or reader paywall was encountered for the inspected text." }, { "id": "p6-fwfn-fenton-story", "title": "Fort William First Nation Elder inspires during Dibaajimowin Anishinaabe Storytelling series", "publisher": "Anishinabek News", "url": "https://anishinabeknews.ca/2021/01/fort-william-first-nation-elder-inspires-during-dibaajimowin-anishinaabe-storytelling-series/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Biography", "Education", "Community voices" ], "annotation": "Read the complete main article, including Rita Fenton’s own recollections of land-based childhood, identity and later education. Reporting about a December virtual presentation; the underlying recording was not inspected. One named person’s account, not every family’s experience or a current service directory. Images and detailed personal/health experiences are not reproduced.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete main article, including Rita Fenton’s own recollections of land-based childhood, identity and later education. Reporting about a December virtual presentation; the underlying recording was not inspected. One named person’s account, not every family’s experience or a current service directory. Images and detailed personal/health experiences are not reproduced.", "accessNotes": "Substantial actual public article body read through the web reader; this is not an inspection of linked publications, photographs or underlying records. No login or reader paywall was encountered for the inspected text.", "publicationDate": "2021-01-13", "author": "Rick Garrick" } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page 18 (zero-based 17), Northern Superior member-listing block: exact name and explicit ON address locality only. Parenthetical alternate name retained only where printed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "access": "Public PDF selectable text actually inspected; no account or subscription needed for this inspection", "selectedPages": [ 18 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 17 ], "selectedLines": "1826-1828", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections.", "Add further community-authorized histories and public language/education resources.", "Inspect underlying treaty and annuity records rather than relying only on museum interpretation.", "Review fresh community publications independently; one live governance page displayed unrelated injected sports links and was excluded from current-authority use." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A small, purposefully selected actual-content starting path and specifically scoped credited image are now available. Fuller history, source comparison and community review remain open; quantity does not establish completion.", "remainingLimits": [ "Add further community-authorized histories and public language/education resources.", "Inspect underlying treaty and annuity records rather than relying only on museum interpretation.", "Review fresh community publications independently; one live governance page displayed unrelated injected sports links and was excluded from current-authority use." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p6-fwfn-treaty-museum", "p6-fwfn-fenton-story" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; fuller history remains open", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-06", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "scopeNote": "A short starting path through selected actual-content works. Read each annotation for the specific community, period and inspection limits; this is not a complete history or community endorsement.", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p6-fwfn-treaty-museum", "reason": "Begin with a museum account connecting Fort William, Anemki-Wajiw and the Robinson-Superior treaty context." }, { "sourceId": "p6-fwfn-fenton-story", "reason": "Then read one Elder’s attributed account of land-based upbringing and later learning." } ], "imageRecordId": "c6-fort-william-autumn" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Cohort06: selected actual-content sources and specifically scoped credited imagery form a bounded starting guide. Reused publications/photos are not new global works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "fort-william-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "originalId": 109, "name": "Fox (Meskwaki)", "region": "Great Lakes / Iowa", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Meskwaki is a people’s own name used alongside the historical name Fox. Meskwaki and Sauk identities should be distinguished.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Meskwaki is a people’s own name used alongside the historical name Fox. Meskwaki and Sauk identities should be distinguished.", "sourceIds": [ "p109-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Meskwaki-authored history, the Iowa Settlement, language and Sac and Fox political names. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p109-s1", "p109-s2", "p109-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p109-s1", "title": "History | Meskwaki | Sac & Fox Tribe of the Mississippi", "publisher": "meskwaki.org", "url": "https://www.meskwaki.org/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History | Meskwaki | Sac & Fox Tribe of the Mississippi” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p109-s2", "title": "Meskwaki History", "publisher": "meskwakipowwow.com", "url": "https://meskwakipowwow.com/meskwaki-history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Meskwaki History” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p109-s3", "title": "Meskwaki Cultural Center & Museum | History Preservation", "publisher": "meskwaki.org", "url": "https://www.meskwaki.org/museum/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Meskwaki Cultural Center & Museum | History Preservation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 210, 325, 327 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "relationshipNote": "The original list preserves this name as an access point. Compare the related entries and community-preferred spellings; overlapping names do not always mean identical political communities.", "added": false, "slug": "fox-meskwaki", "regionGroups": [ "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-IA", "name": "Iowa", "key": "us-ia" } ] }, { "originalId": 110, "name": "Gabrielino-Tongva", "region": "California / Los Angeles Basin", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tongva and Gabrielino occur in accounts of Indigenous communities of the Los Angeles Basin. Several contemporary organizations represent distinct community perspectives.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tongva and Gabrielino occur in accounts of Indigenous communities of the Los Angeles Basin. Several contemporary organizations represent distinct community perspectives.", "sourceIds": [ "p110-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Self-designation, mission-era labels, language and community-specific representation. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p110-s1", "p110-s2", "p110-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p110-s1", "title": "Tongva Tribe History & Timeline | Gabrielino/Tongva Nation", "publisher": "gabrielinotongva.org", "url": "https://gabrielinotongva.org/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Tongva Tribe History & Timeline | Gabrielino/Tongva Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p110-s2", "title": "History – Gabrielino-Tongva Indian Tribe", "publisher": "gabrielinotribe.org", "url": "https://gabrielinotribe.org/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History – Gabrielino-Tongva Indian Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p110-s3", "title": "Culture, Traditions, & Customs I Gabrielino/Tongva Nation", "publisher": "gabrielinotongva.org", "url": "https://gabrielinotongva.org/culture/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Culture, Traditions, & Customs I Gabrielino/Tongva Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "gabrielinotongva", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 111, "name": "Galice", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Oregon", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Galice is a historical people and language name in southwestern Oregon.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Galice is a historical people and language name in southwestern Oregon.", "sourceIds": [ "p111-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Rogue River homelands, Athabaskan language documentation and Siletz descendant connections. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p111-s1", "p111-s2", "p111-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p111-s1", "title": "Siletz Tribal Language Project", "publisher": "siletzlanguage.org", "url": "https://www.siletzlanguage.org/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Siletz Tribal Language Project” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p111-s2", "title": "Na’-‘aa-le’ Video Project:", "publisher": "siletzlanguage.org", "url": "https://www.siletzlanguage.org/pdfs/Video_Project_Workbook_FinalDraft.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Na’-‘aa-le’ Video Project:” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p111-s3", "title": "Introduction - Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians", "publisher": "ctsi.nsn.us", "url": "https://ctsi.nsn.us/introduction/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Introduction - Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "galice", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" } ] }, { "originalId": 112, "name": "Garifuna", "region": "Caribbean / Central America", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Garifuna people have a distinct Afro-Indigenous history connecting Saint Vincent and communities along the Caribbean coast of Central America.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Garifuna people have a distinct Afro-Indigenous history connecting Saint Vincent and communities along the Caribbean coast of Central America.", "sourceIds": [ "p112-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Garifuna language, displacement, music, community institutions and diaspora. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p112-s1", "p112-s2", "p112-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p112-s1", "title": "Garifuna — community history", "url": "https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/language-dance-and-music-of-the-garifuna-00001", "publisher": "ich.unesco.org", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p112-s2", "title": "Language, Dance and Music of the Garifuna | Intangible Heritage - UNESCO Multimedia Archives", "publisher": "unesco.org", "url": "https://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1733", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Language, Dance and Music of the Garifuna | Intangible Heritage - UNESCO Multimedia Archives” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p112-s3", "title": "Action Plan for the Safeguarding of the Garifuna Language, Music and Dance - UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage", "publisher": "f5vip11.unesco.org", "url": "https://f5vip11.unesco.org/en/projects/action-plan-for-the-safeguarding-of-the-garifuna-language-music-and-dance-00055", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Action Plan for the Safeguarding of the Garifuna Language, Music and Dance - UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "garifuna", "regionGroups": [ "Central America", "Caribbean" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "BZ", "name": "Belize", "key": "bz" }, { "id": "HN", "name": "Honduras", "key": "hn" } ] }, { "name": "Gila River Indian Community of the Gila River Indian Reservation, Arizona", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Arizona", "overview": "Gila River Indian Community of the Gila River Indian Reservation, Arizona has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "gila-river-indian-community-of-the-gila-river-indian-reservation-arizona", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AZ", "name": "Arizona", "key": "us-az" } ] }, { "name": "Gingolx Village Government", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation village government", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Gingolx Village Government has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community government in the BC Assembly of First Nations community directory. Directory inclusion and administrative region do not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or a relationship to every broader people label.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body: exact selected name and its region label at lines 156-158; page heading at line 11 supplies British Columbia context. Only selected name/administrative-region content used. No linked histories, affiliation claims, images, interactive map operation or government-power analysis reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "gingolx-village-government", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Gitga'at First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community government", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Gitga'at First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community government in the BC Assembly of First Nations community directory. Directory inclusion and administrative region do not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or a relationship to every broader people label.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body: exact selected name and its region label at lines 167-169; page heading at line 11 supplies British Columbia context. Only selected name/administrative-region content used. No linked histories, affiliation claims, images, interactive map operation or government-power analysis reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "gitgaat-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Gitlaxt'aamix Village Government", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation village government", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Gitlaxt'aamix Village Government has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community government in the BC Assembly of First Nations community directory. Directory inclusion and administrative region do not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or a relationship to every broader people label.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body: exact selected name and its region label at lines 171-173; page heading at line 11 supplies British Columbia context. Only selected name/administrative-region content used. No linked histories, affiliation claims, images, interactive map operation or government-power analysis reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [ "New Aiyansh" ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "gitlaxtaamix-village-government", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Gitxaała Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community government", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Gitxaała Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community government in the BC Assembly of First Nations community directory. Directory inclusion and administrative region do not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or a relationship to every broader people label.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body: exact selected name and its region label at lines 187-189; page heading at line 11 supplies British Columbia context. Only selected name/administrative-region content used. No linked histories, affiliation claims, images, interactive map operation or government-power analysis reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "gitxaa-a-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 113, "name": "Gitxsan", "region": "British Columbia", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Gitxsan communities have homelands along the Skeena River region. Their own institutions explain house and territorial relationships.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Gitxsan communities have homelands along the Skeena River region. Their own institutions explain house and territorial relationships.", "sourceIds": [ "p113-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Gitxsan language, hereditary houses, territorial histories and community-published accounts. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p113-s1", "p113-s2", "p113-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p113-s1", "title": "About – Gitxsan Huwilp Government", "publisher": "gitxsan.ca", "url": "https://gitxsan.ca/about/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “About – Gitxsan Huwilp Government” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p113-s2", "title": "Gitxsan History & Culture | Gitxsan Development Corporation — GDC", "publisher": "gitxsanbusiness.com", "url": "https://www.gitxsanbusiness.com/history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Gitxsan History & Culture | Gitxsan Development Corporation — GDC” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p113-s3", "title": "GITXSAN LANGUAGE RESOURCES - About", "publisher": "gitxsansimalgyax.com", "url": "https://www.gitxsansimalgyax.com/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “GITXSAN LANGUAGE RESOURCES - About” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "gitxsan", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 114, "name": "Gosiute", "region": "Great Basin / Utah / Nevada", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Gosiute and Goshute are spellings encountered for communities of the eastern Great Basin.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Gosiute and Goshute are spellings encountered for communities of the eastern Great Basin.", "sourceIds": [ "p114-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Distinct tribal governments, language and desert homelands. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p114-s1", "p114-s2", "p114-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p114-s1", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Gosiute", "publisher": "institute.communication.utah.edu", "url": "https://institute.communication.utah.edu/_resources/documents/research/utes-nickname-project/ute-proud/ute-history-ute-proud-webpage-2014.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Gosiute” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p114-s2", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Gosiute", "publisher": "fileserver-az.core.ac.uk", "url": "https://fileserver-az.core.ac.uk/download/36684458.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Gosiute” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p114-s3", "title": "CULTURE ELEM. DISTRIB.: XXIII--STEWARD: NORTHERN AND GOSIUTE SHOSHONI 265", "publisher": "digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu", "url": "https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/84126/files/ucar008-004.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “CULTURE ELEM. DISTRIB.: XXIII--STEWARD: NORTHERN AND GOSIUTE SHOSHONI 265” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "gosiute", "regionGroups": [ "Great Basin" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NV", "name": "Nevada", "key": "us-nv" }, { "id": "US-UT", "name": "Utah", "key": "us-ut" } ] }, { "name": "Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Minnesota", "overview": "The Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa is a sovereign Ojibwe government whose homeplace is Grand Portage on Lake Superior. Its government page identifies its 1854 treaty relationship and membership in the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe. A Band land-return release and the National Park Service’s place-specific interpretation offer a starting path through homeland, land tenure and the portage corridor.", "relationshipNote": "MnDOT explicitly places this individual Minnesota government under its Ojibwe Tribal Nation grouping. It remains a separate government; the broader Ojibwe directory route is related reading, not a substitute identity.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Gichi Onigaming and a living homeplace", "text": "The National Park Service identifies Grand Portage National Monument as within the homeland of the Grand Portage Anishinaabe and the community as the Band’s homeplace and governmental center. It explains Gichi Onigaming as the carrying place connecting Lake Superior and the continent’s interior, and records the Band’s donation of approximately half the monument’s land. Read that interpretation with the Band’s own government statement. The reconstructed lakeshore depot pictured here is a public interpretation site within this homeplace; it is not a surviving eighteenth-century village or a portrait of the whole community.", "sourceIds": [ "p265-s13", "p265-s18" ] }, { "title": "A dated account of land return", "text": "A March 2026 Band release reports the return of three parcels, totaling about 87 acres, through a partnership with the Lloyd K. Johnson Foundation and Minnesota Land Trust. It describes three different routes by which those particular parcels left Band ownership: treaty cession, state school-trust transfer and allotment. This is a direct community account of one land acquisition and its historical meaning. The release usefully distinguishes mechanisms of land loss, while the underlying titles, allotment documents and treaty instruments remain separate research tasks. It does not define the full extent of Grand Portage homeland.", "sourceIds": [ "p265-s27" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p265-s18", "title": "Government — Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "author": "Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "publisher": "Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "url": "https://www.grandportageband.com/government/", "type": "Indigenous-led / government", "topics": [ "Grand Portage Band", "1854 Treaty of La Pointe", "Minnesota Chippewa Tribe" ], "publicationDate": "Current election information for 2026; historical statement undated", "annotation": "The Band states its inherent sovereignty, its 1854 treaty relationship and membership in the six-band Minnesota Chippewa Tribe. This concise government page is useful for direct identity and present-governance context; detailed historical claims are supported by the NPS history page and treaties.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the page’s complete main government statement (lines 12–31). Counts as supporting context only.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p265-s27", "title": "Grand Portage Band Regains Historic Tribal Land", "author": "Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "publisher": "Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "url": "https://www.grandportageband.com/grand-portage-band-regains-historic-tribal-land/", "type": "Tribal news release / contemporary land stewardship", "publicationDate": "March 16, 2026", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the full 83-line public Band news release on October 23, 2026. It reports the February 16, 2026 acquisition of three parcels through a Band/Foundation partnership, describes the Band account of different land-loss mechanisms, and quotes the Band chair and partner representatives. Its linked map/images were not opened or used. The Band statements about federal policy and the parcels past ownership are attributed community interpretation; underlying treaty, land-title and allotment records were not independently inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Tribal publication", "topics": [ "Grand Portage Band", "land return", "land tenure", "Treaty of 1854", "allotment", "2026" ], "annotation": "A Grand Portage Band news release reports that a February 2026 acquisition restored three parcels totaling about 87 acres to Band ownership through a partnership with the Lloyd K. Johnson Foundation and Minnesota Land Trust. The Band describes three distinct routes by which those parcels left Band ownership: 1854 treaty cession, state school-trust transfer, and allotment. This is a direct community source for the Bands current action and its historical interpretation; the underlying treaty, land-title chain, tax records, and allotment documents were not independently checked. The Bands broad discussion of allotment policy remains attributed to the release and is not generalized to every Ojibwe Band. A linked map/images package is not included." }, { "id": "p265-s13", "title": "History & Culture — Grand Portage National Monument", "author": "National Park Service", "publisher": "National Park Service", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/grpo/learn/historyculture/index.htm", "type": "Government / public history", "sourceKind": "Park historical interpretation with a specifically named Grand Portage Anishinaabe homeland", "topics": [ "Grand Portage Band", "Gichi Onigaming", "Fur trade", "Homeland", "Minong" ], "publicationDate": "Updated 2026-01-23", "annotation": "The park identifies Grand Portage National Monument as within the homeland of the Grand Portage Anishinaabe and identifies the Band as the center of tribal government. It describes the portage corridor and Minong (Isle Royale) as important to Grand Portage. This park interpretation is geographically specific and does not define all Ojibwe homelands.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete History & Culture page, especially lines 22–52 on Gichi Onigaming, trade, Grand Portage homeland, land donation and Minong. Linked articles and image files were not opened.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.dot.state.mn.us/mntribes/mntribes.html", "publisher": "Minnesota Department of Transportation", "scope": "Actual Tribal Nations in Minnesota page, lines22–74: eleven individually listed governments, explicitly grouped under seven Ojibwe and four Dakota nations. Separate-sovereign-government wording read; linked sheets and tribal destinations were not content-reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 265 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Add a longer community-authored history and public Ojibwemowin material.", "Inspect the actual treaty and parcel title/allotment records before expanding the 2026 release into a legal land history.", "The selected photograph dates to 1984 and shows a reconstructed public site; present appearance and visitor information were not audited." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Adequate initial introduction", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "Useful within the disclosed source and image scopes as a starting profile; no fixed source minimum or comprehensive completion claim.", "remainingLimits": [ "Add a longer community-authored history and public Ojibwemowin material.", "Inspect the actual treaty and parcel title/allotment records before expanding the 2026 release into a legal land history.", "The selected photograph dates to 1984 and shows a reconstructed public site; present appearance and visitor information were not audited." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p265-s18", "p265-s13" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Community-specific starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "p265-s18", "copiedFromOriginalId": 265, "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "originalContentReviewScope": "Read the page’s complete main government statement (lines 12–31). Counts as supporting context only.", "sourceObjectUnmodified": true, "newOriginalSourceReviewCount": 0, "accessNote": "Public web page or PDF at the recorded original review; existing review/access dates are retained. This package does not claim a fresh full-source access audit.", "perspective": "Indigenous-led / government", "limits": "Read the page’s complete main government statement (lines 12–31). Counts as supporting context only." }, { "sourceId": "p265-s27", "copiedFromOriginalId": 265, "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "originalContentReviewScope": "Read the full 83-line public Band news release on October 23, 2026. It reports the February 16, 2026 acquisition of three parcels through a Band/Foundation partnership, describes the Band account of different land-loss mechanisms, and quotes the Band chair and partner representatives. Its linked map/images were not opened or used. The Band statements about federal policy and the parcels past ownership are attributed community interpretation; underlying treaty, land-title and allotment records were not independently inspected.", "sourceObjectUnmodified": true, "newOriginalSourceReviewCount": 0, "accessNote": "Public web page or PDF at the recorded original review; existing review/access dates are retained. This package does not claim a fresh full-source access audit.", "perspective": "Tribal news release / contemporary land stewardship", "limits": "Read the full 83-line public Band news release on October 23, 2026. It reports the February 16, 2026 acquisition of three parcels through a Band/Foundation partnership, describes the Band account of different land-loss mechanisms, and quotes the Band chair and partner representatives. Its linked map/images were not opened or used. The Band statements about federal policy and the parcels past ownership are attributed community interpretation; underlying treaty, land-title and allotment records were not independently inspected." }, { "sourceId": "p265-s13", "copiedFromOriginalId": 265, "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "originalContentReviewScope": "Read the complete History & Culture page, especially lines 22–52 on Gichi Onigaming, trade, Grand Portage homeland, land donation and Minong. Linked articles and image files were not opened.", "sourceObjectUnmodified": true, "newOriginalSourceReviewCount": 0, "accessNote": "Public web page or PDF at the recorded original review; existing review/access dates are retained. This package does not claim a fresh full-source access audit.", "perspective": "Government / public history", "limits": "Read the complete History & Culture page, especially lines 22–52 on Gichi Onigaming, trade, Grand Portage homeland, land donation and Minong. Linked articles and image files were not opened." } ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-02", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p265-s27", "reason": "Read the dated land-return release for a concrete community account of three different land-tenure histories." }, { "sourceId": "p265-s13", "reason": "Add the NPS homeplace and portage interpretation as clearly attributed, geographically specific context." } ], "scopeNote": "A community-specific starting profile assembled from selected actual-content sources, retaining their earlier inspection dates and exact scopes. The wider Ojibwe profile is related reading, not a substitute government or a claim of equal coverage.", "reviewRationale": "A few useful community-specific publications provide a bounded point of entry while the explicit remaining questions stay open.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Add a longer community-authored history and public Ojibwemowin material.", "Inspect the actual treaty and parcel title/allotment records before expanding the 2026 release into a legal land history.", "The selected photograph dates to 1984 and shows a reconstructed public site; present appearance and visitor information were not audited." ], "imageRecordId": "grand-portage-bay", "reviewBasis": "Source selection and synthesis checked against existing actual-content source records and retained research notes. Only the listed records are reused. New photograph identification, item rights and complete delivered image frames were inspected on 2026-10-27. No fresh full-source review or exhaustive completion is claimed.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "additionalSupportingContext": [ { "sourceId": "p265-s18", "reason": "Use the Band’s concise government statement to establish sovereignty and its own treaty relationship." } ] }, "evidenceNotes": [ "A community-specific starting guide reuses selected earlier actual-content reviews with their original dates/scopes. It does not add new global works merely because a URL appears on this route. Picture identification/rights are separate from historical adequacy or community endorsement." ], "slug": "grand-portage-band-of-lake-superior-chippewa", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MN", "name": "Minnesota", "key": "us-mn" } ] }, { "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-27", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "A community account of place and purpose", "text": "The Band’s Our story describes 19 historical Ottawa bands living along the Grand River and other southwest Michigan waterways. Read alongside it, the Mission Statement emphasizes preserving culture and traditions and educating members and the public. This is the contemporary community’s own account; its name should not be applied automatically to every historical Grand River band or another Ottawa government.", "sourceIds": [ "c5-grand-river-story-mission" ] }, { "title": "A documented public-history partnership", "text": "In its 2021 Community Engagement Report, the Grand Rapids Public Museum records working with the Grand River Bands and Downtown Grand Rapids Inc. on an event commemorating the 1821 Treaty of Chicago. This supplies a dated example of the community participating in how regional history is presented. The report describes the event rather than resolving the treaty’s later interpretation.", "sourceIds": [ "c5-grand-river-museum2021" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c5-grand-river-story-mission", "title": "About — Our story and Mission Statement", "publisher": "Grand River Bands of Ottawa Indians", "url": "https://www.grandriverbands.com/about/", "type": "Community historical and mission account", "topics": [ "history", "community", "cultural preservation" ], "annotation": "A concise community account of historical bands along southwest Michigan waterways, followed by the organization’s stated preservation and public-education purposes.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual Our story paragraph and all Mission Statement paragraphs read, including the historical 19-band statement and cultural/education goals. Fresh substantive review with a new ID; baseline identity-only record remains unchanged. Legal recognition, treaty-effect and jurisdiction assertions, enrollment instructions and officeholder currency are not adopted.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "access": "Public full text; no account or subscription used. Inspection is limited to the stated body/pages." }, { "id": "c5-grand-river-museum2021", "title": "Community Engagement Report 2021 —1821 Treaty Commemoration", "publisher": "Grand Rapids Public Museum", "url": "https://www.grpm.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/2021_GRPM-CR_booklet_031722-WEB.pdf", "type": "Institutional activity report", "topics": [ "public history", "commemoration", "community partnership" ], "annotation": "The Museum records a specific partnership with the Grand River Bands and Downtown Grand Rapids Inc. This dated example makes a useful companion to the Band’s own account.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Physical PDF page 7, printed page 5, entire 1821 Treaty Commemoration paragraph read in extracted text and rendered page image. Nearby sections were inspected for context; their statistics are not applied to the Bands. The original 1821 treaty, event recording, participant views and other report pages were not substantively reviewed.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "access": "Public full text; no account or subscription used. Inspection is limited to the stated body/pages.", "author": "Grand Rapids Public Museum", "publicationDate": "2021" } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-27", "researchGaps": [ "Develop the histories and relationships of the individually named historical bands using community accounts and dated original records.", "Review more public community-authored history, language, family and cultural work, including participants’ own accounts of public-history collaborations.", "Acknowledgment debates, treaty interpretation and jurisdiction are not adjudicated here. A dated event report does not establish current programs. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded starting path now uses inspected public content, with scope and access limits recorded. This is not comprehensive research or community review.", "remainingLimits": [ "Develop the histories and relationships of the individually named historical bands using community accounts and dated original records.", "Review more public community-authored history, language, family and cultural work, including participants’ own accounts of public-history collaborations.", "Acknowledgment debates, treaty interpretation and jurisdiction are not adjudicated here. A dated event report does not establish current programs. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ] }, "name": "Grand River Bands of Ottawa Indians", "kind": "Contemporary Ottawa community", "region": "Southwest Michigan — community self-description", "relationshipNote": "The community’s own Our story and mission sections identify the Grand River Bands of Ottawa Indians as an Ottawa community with a published Tribal Council. This is a separate current community route; it is not an alias automatically applied to every historical Grand River band or another present Ottawa government.", "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "ottawa-odawa" ], "overview": "The Grand River Bands’ own historical account connects this Ottawa community with southwest Michigan waterways. A Museum report adds a specific example of collaborative public history.", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.grandriverbands.com/about/", "publisher": "Grand River Bands of Ottawa Indians", "title": "About — Our story, mission and Tribal Council", "scope": "Actual public Our story paragraph, mission and Tribal Council headings read. Name and southwest Michigan setting verified; historical band totals, federal acknowledgment, jurisdiction and individual descent are not established here. An earlier reader request timed out; the trailing-slash page returned its complete public body on follow-up.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "overviewSourceIds": [ "c5-grand-river-story-mission", "c5-grand-river-museum2021" ], "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "startingGuide": { "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c5-grand-river-story-mission", "reason": "Start with the community’s brief historical self-description and preservation purposes." }, { "sourceId": "c5-grand-river-museum2021", "reason": "Then examine a specific recorded partnership rather than treating a general institutional link as evidence." } ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "remainingQuestions": [ "Develop the histories and relationships of the individually named historical bands using community accounts and dated original records.", "Review more public community-authored history, language, family and cultural work, including participants’ own accounts of public-history collaborations.", "Acknowledgment debates, treaty interpretation and jurisdiction are not adjudicated here. A dated event report does not establish current programs. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "batchId": "starter-guides-05", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "researchComplete": false, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "imageRecordId": "c5-grand-river-museum-eisenschenk2012" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "grand-river-bands-of-ottawa-indians", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MI", "name": "Michigan", "key": "us-mi" } ] }, { "name": "Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Michigan", "overview": "The Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians presents itself within Anishinaabek and Three Fires relationships while maintaining a distinct government in northwestern Lower Michigan. Its bilingual public history connects oral tradition, trade and changing colonial relationships with land loss and repeated efforts to regain federal recognition. It names petitions associated with Ben Peshaba, Casper Ance and Dodie Harris Chambers, and dates re-recognition to May 1980. Those statements are the Band's narrative; compressed treaty-area and legal claims are not adopted wholesale. Eyaawing Museum and Cultural Center provides another specific institution through which the Band describes gathering, interpreting and maintaining its own history, language and heritage. Its mission connects families and community memory with sharing public knowledge. The museum page also displays a closure notice, so the guide does not promise current visitor access. These sources provide a first reading path through history and cultural self-presentation, while original records, wider family voices and present outcomes remain important work beyond this introduction.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Michigan government. The inspected name-only lists do not supply a fuller constituent-community relationship, so none is inferred here.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "A history of persistence", "text": "The Band's history places recognition petitions in 1934, 1943 and 1978 before re-recognition in 1980. Naming the leaders and successive attempts makes political continuity visible. This community account should be compared with underlying recognition and treaty records before detailed legal claims are made.", "sourceIds": [ "c3-gtb-history" ] }, { "title": "Presenting community history", "text": "Eyaawing's mission is to gather and interpret the Band's history and support its culture, language and heritage. The page describes local and tribal artists while also displaying a closure notice. It is a useful cultural introduction, not a promise of current museum access or permission to reuse collection images.", "sourceIds": [ "c3-gtb-museum" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c3-gtb-history", "title": "We Are the Anishinaabek — Our History", "publisher": "Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians", "url": "https://www.gtbindians.org/history.asp", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community history", "Three Fires relationships", "Recognition history" ], "annotation": "The Band's own narrative provides community and political continuity. Oral tradition remains attributed; broad treaty geography, legal generalizations and every institutional chronology are not independently verified.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual English narrative lines 37–45 read, including related peoples, trade, treaty-era account, petitions andMay 27, 1980 re-recognition. Anishinaabemowin parallel text was visible but not independently translated; embedded video, media and underlying treaties not inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "c3-gtb-museum", "title": "Eyaawing Museum and Cultural Center", "publisher": "Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians", "url": "https://www.gtbindians.org/eyaawing.asp", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Public history", "Museum", "Language and heritage" ], "annotation": "A compact first-person institutional account of how the Band gathers and presents its history and heritage. The closure notice is retained as an access limit; the page is not evidence of current opening arrangements or permission to reproduce artworks.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual public body lines 21–42 read: naming explanation, mission, local/tribal artist description and currently-closed notice. Images, collections, artwork rights, videos, events and present access not investigated.", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/egle/about/tribal-relations", "publisher": "Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy", "scope": "Actual Michigan is home to12federally recognized Tribes list, lines447–470; only names, Michigan location and government kind used. Other page content and linked tribal destinations not reviewed for this pass.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/som/government/branches-of-government/tribal-government", "publisher": "State of Michigan", "scope": "Actual Tribal Governments in Michigan entries, lines147–234; used for exact name variants and only the specifically stated relationships noted in each candidate. No current figures, legal or historical chronology adopted.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Compare treaty geography and recognition chronology with original instruments and independent historical work.", "Add family, language, artistic and land-stewardship voices beyond the two institutional introductions.", "Current museum access and program outcomes remain unverified; no community review is recorded." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A small actual-content collection supports a useful introduction to this named government, with explicit historical, access and interpretation limits. It is not comprehensive research or community endorsement.", "remainingLimits": [ "Compare treaty geography and recognition chronology with original instruments and independent historical work.", "Add family, language, artistic and land-stewardship voices beyond the two institutional introductions.", "Current museum access and program outcomes remain unverified; no community review is recorded." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "c3-gtb-history", "c3-gtb-museum" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-03", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c3-gtb-history", "reason": "The Band's own narrative provides community and political continuity. Oral tradition remains attributed; broad treaty geography, legal generalizations and every institutional chronology are not independently verified." }, { "sourceId": "c3-gtb-museum", "reason": "A compact first-person institutional account of how the Band gathers and presents its history and heritage. The closure notice is retained as an access limit; the page is not evidence of current opening arrangements or permission to reproduce artworks." } ], "scopeNote": "Named government route; broader people-level names and related governments remain distinct. Source dates, inspection scope and remaining gaps are retained.", "reviewBasis": "Actual selected source bodies read in this review. Prior identification evidence remains separate and does not count as substantive reading.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Compare treaty geography and recognition chronology with original instruments and independent historical work.", "Add family, language, artistic and land-stewardship voices beyond the two institutional introductions.", "Current museum access and program outcomes remain unverified; no community review is recorded." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "imageRecordId": "gtb-turtle-creek-coveyou-2016-preview" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "This reviewed starting guide records selected actual-content sources, their perspectives and access limits. Reused earlier reviews retain their original dates/scopes; images and repeated URLs do not create new historical works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "grand-traverse-band-of-ottawa-and-chippewa-indians", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MI", "name": "Michigan", "key": "us-mi" } ] }, { "name": "Grindstone Indian Rancheria of Wintun-Wailaki Indians of California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Grindstone Indian Rancheria of Wintun-Wailaki Indians of California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "grindstone-indian-rancheria-of-wintunwailaki-indians-of-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 115, "name": "Gros Ventre", "region": "Great Plains / Montana", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Gros Ventre and Aaniiih are names associated with a distinct northern plains people, including the Fort Belknap community.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Gros Ventre and Aaniiih are names associated with a distinct northern plains people, including the Fort Belknap community.", "sourceIds": [ "p115-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Aaniiih language, Fort Belknap relationships and differences from historical uses of Gros Ventre for Hidatsa. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p115-s1", "p115-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p115-s1", "title": "Gros Ventre Language and the Gros Ventre Indian Tribe (A'aninin, Aani, Aane, Ahe, Atsina)", "publisher": "native-languages.org", "url": "https://www.native-languages.org/gros.htm", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Gros Ventre Language and the Gros Ventre Indian Tribe (A'aninin, Aani, Aane, Ahe, Atsina)” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p115-s2", "title": "Gros Ventre - Description - eHRAF World Cultures", "publisher": "ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu", "url": "https://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/cultures/nq13/description", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Gros Ventre - Description - eHRAF World Cultures” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 20 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "gros-ventre", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MT", "name": "Montana", "key": "us-mt" } ] }, { "originalId": 116, "name": "Guachichil", "region": "Mexico / North-Central Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Guachichil is a historical people name in north-central Mexico. Contemporary identity accounts require attention alongside colonial records.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Guachichil is a historical people name in north-central Mexico. Contemporary identity accounts require attention alongside colonial records.", "sourceIds": [ "p116-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Chichimeca-era classifications, community continuity and regional historical sources. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p116-s1", "p116-s2", "p116-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p116-s1", "title": "The Visions of a Guachichil Witch in 1599: A Window on the Subjugation of Mexico's Hunter-Gatherers", "publisher": "sites.lsa.umich.edu", "url": "https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/ruth-behar/wp-content/uploads/sites/408/2016/07/Ruth-Behar-Visions-of-a-Guachichil-Witch-Ethnohistory-1987.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “The Visions of a Guachichil Witch in 1599: A Window on the Subjugation of Mexico's Hunter-Gatherers” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p116-s2", "title": "Guachichil Language and the Guachichil Indian Tribe (Huachichil, Quauhchichitl)", "publisher": "native-languages.org", "url": "https://www.native-languages.org/guachichil.htm", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Guachichil Language and the Guachichil Indian Tribe (Huachichil, Quauhchichitl)” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p116-s3", "title": "Plan de Justicia de los Pueblos Chichimeca-Otomí (Éza’r, Guachichil y Hñähñu) del Noreste de Guanajuato y del Semidesierto de Querétaro", "publisher": "planesjusticia.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://planesjusticia.inpi.gob.mx/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/13-plan-de-justicia-de-los-pueblos-chichimeca-otomi-del-noreste-de-guanajuato-y-del-semidesierto-de-queretaro.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Plan de Justicia de los Pueblos Chichimeca-Otomí (Éza’r, Guachichil y Hñähñu) del Noreste de Guanajuato y del Semidesierto de Querétaro” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "guachichil", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 117, "name": "Guale", "region": "Southeast / Georgia Coast", "kind": "Historical people / name", "overview": "Guale history concerns Indigenous communities of the Georgia coast and colonial-era migrations.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Guale history concerns Indigenous communities of the Georgia coast and colonial-era migrations.", "sourceIds": [ "p117-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Mission records, coastal homelands and the later histories of displaced communities. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p117-s1", "p117-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p117-s1", "title": "Mission Santa Catalina de Guale - New Georgia Encyclopedia", "publisher": "georgiaencyclopedia.org", "url": "https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/mission-santa-catalina-de-guale/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Mission Santa Catalina de Guale - New Georgia Encyclopedia” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p117-s2", "title": "Guale | History | Research Starters | EBSCOhost", "publisher": "ebsco.com", "url": "https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/guale", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Guale | History | Research Starters | EBSCOhost” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "guale", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-GA", "name": "Georgia", "key": "us-ga" } ] }, { "originalId": 118, "name": "Guarijío", "region": "Mexico / Sonora / Chihuahua", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Guarijío people have communities in northwestern Mexico, with regional language and naming distinctions.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Guarijío people have communities in northwestern Mexico, with regional language and naming distinctions.", "sourceIds": [ "p118-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Makoráwe and other local names, language, homelands and community histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p118-s1", "p118-s2", "p118-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p118-s1", "title": "Guarijío : Inventario del patrimonio cultural inmaterial México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura", "publisher": "sic.cultura.gob.mx", "url": "https://sic.cultura.gob.mx/ficha.php?table=frpintangible&table_id=695", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Guarijío : Inventario del patrimonio cultural inmaterial México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p118-s2", "title": "Oralidad guarijío: sabiduría indígena y normatividad social | Diario de Campo", "publisher": "revistas.inah.gob.mx", "url": "https://revistas.inah.gob.mx/index.php/diariodecampo/article/view/3248", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Oralidad guarijío: sabiduría indígena y normatividad social | Diario de Campo” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p118-s3", "title": "Guarijíos – Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/guarijios-lengua/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Guarijíos – Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "guarijio", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "Guidiville Rancheria of California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Guidiville Rancheria of California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "guidiville-rancheria-of-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Gulkana Village Council", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Gulkana Village Council has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 855; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "gulkana-village-council", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 119, "name": "Guna (Gunadule)", "region": "Panama / Gunayala; broader Guna geography awaits review", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Guna people, also described through Gunadule, have community institutions in Gunayala, Panama. The Congresses' own publications distinguish political administration, cultural responsibilities and community-led preservation.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Guna people, also described through Gunadule, have community institutions in Gunayala, Panama. The Congresses' own publications distinguish political administration, cultural responsibilities and community-led preservation.", "sourceIds": [ "p119-s1", "p119-s2", "p119-s3" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Guna language, regional congresses, territorial histories and self-government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p119-s1", "p119-s2", "p119-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p119-s1", "title": "Congreso General Guna", "publisher": "Congresos Generales de Gunayala", "author": "Institutional page; part of text credited to Irik Limnio, Instituto de Investigaciones Koskun Kalu, Congreso de la Cultura Kuna (2003)", "url": "https://www.gunayala.org.pa/congreso_kuna.htm", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Government", "Gunayala", "Community institutions" ], "annotation": "Community explanation of the political-administrative Congress, its public functions, local congresses and relationship with the cultural Congress. Read the full explanatory text. Its 2013 leadership caption and older source text do not verify current officers, community totals or procedures. Scope is Gunayala in Panama, not every Guna community or all governments.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "documentDate": "Undated web text; 2013 leadership caption, with part of text credited to a 2003 work" }, { "id": "p119-s2", "title": "Museos Comunitarios de Gunayala y la Memoria Histórica", "publisher": "Congresos Generales de Gunayala; republished from Universidad del País Vasco volume", "author": "Anelio Merry López", "url": "https://www.gunayala.org.pa/museos_comunitarios_gunayala.htm", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community museums", "Heritage", "Education", "Gunayala" ], "annotation": "Substantial community-authored article on museums as tools for cultural continuity and community control. Inspected title/credits, introduction, section 2's institutional framing, and section 3 through early international training and collaboration. Original chapter is dated 2010; web republication is 10 April 2019 with spelling revisions. Not an inspection of all cited works, museum holdings or current operations. Narrative and ceremonial particulars are not reproduced.", "publicationDate": "2019-04-10", "originalPublicationDate": "2010", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21" }, { "id": "p119-s3", "title": "Congreso General de la Cultura", "publisher": "Congresos Generales de Gunayala", "author": "Congresos Generales de Gunayala", "url": "https://www.gunayala.org.pa/congresocultura.htm", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Cultural institutions", "Government", "Gunayala" ], "annotation": "Short community statement identifying the cultural Congress and its preservation mission alongside the political-administrative institution. Read both substantive paragraphs; it dates institutional reorganization to 1972 at Gardi Sugdub. A useful specific institutional reference, not a developed history or a separate independent corroboration of the longer Congress page. No restricted teachings or current officeholders extracted. Supporting institutional reference; excluded from the substantive source target.", "documentDate": "Undated", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "researchGaps": [ "The profile's broader Colombia association remains a research lead in this bounded correction; do not claim these Gunayala pages independently establish every Guna community's government.", "Three correctly relevant references do not make this a researched profile or meet the twelve-source goal.", "The two Congress descriptions share an institutional/textual lineage. Do not label them independent evidence." ], "added": false, "slug": "guna-gunadule", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "PA", "name": "Panama", "key": "pa" } ] }, { "name": "Gwa'sala-Nakwaxda'xw Band", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / band government", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Gwa'sala-Nakwaxda'xw Band has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community government in the BC Assembly of First Nations community directory. Directory inclusion and administrative region do not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or a relationship to every broader people label.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body: exact selected name and its region label at lines 191-193; page heading at line 11 supplies British Columbia context. Only selected name/administrative-region content used. No linked histories, affiliation claims, images, interactive map operation or government-power analysis reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "gwasalanakwaxdaxw-band", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Gwawaenuk Tribe", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community government", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Gwawaenuk Tribe has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community government in the BC Assembly of First Nations community directory. Directory inclusion and administrative region do not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or a relationship to every broader people label.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body: exact selected name and its region label at lines 195-197; page heading at line 11 supplies British Columbia context. Only selected name/administrative-region content used. No linked histories, affiliation claims, images, interactive map operation or government-power analysis reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "gwawaenuk-tribe", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 120, "name": "Gwich'in", "region": "Alaska / Yukon / Northwest Territories", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Gwich’in homelands cross modern international and territorial borders in the northwest of North America.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Gwich’in homelands cross modern international and territorial borders in the northwest of North America.", "sourceIds": [ "p120-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community institutions, language, the Porcupine caribou relationship and territorial histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p120-s1", "p120-s2", "p120-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p120-s1", "title": "HISTORY - GWICH'IN TRIBAL COUNCIL", "publisher": "gwichintribal.ca", "url": "https://www.gwichintribal.ca/history.html", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “HISTORY - GWICH'IN TRIBAL COUNCIL” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p120-s2", "title": "Gwich'in Tribal Council", "publisher": "gwichintribal.ca", "url": "https://www.gwichintribal.ca/uploads/1/3/4/3/134307573/2019-2020_gtc_annual_report_small.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Gwich'in Tribal Council” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p120-s3", "title": "Gwichya Gwich'in Googwandak | Gwich'in Social & Cultural Institute", "publisher": "gwichin.ca", "url": "https://gwichin.ca/publications/gwichya-gwichin-googwandak", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Gwichya Gwich'in Googwandak | Gwich'in Social & Cultural Institute” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "gwichin", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska", "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-NT", "name": "Northwest Territories", "key": "ca-nt" }, { "id": "CA-YT", "name": "Yukon", "key": "ca-yt" } ] }, { "name": "Habematolel Pomo of Upper Lake, California", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "California", "overview": "Habematolel Pomo of Upper Lake, California has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "habematolel-pomo-of-upper-lake-california", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Hagwilget Village Council", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation village council", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Hagwilget Village Council has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community government in the BC Assembly of First Nations community directory. Directory inclusion and administrative region do not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or a relationship to every broader people label.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body: exact selected name and its region label at lines 198-200; page heading at line 11 supplies British Columbia context. Only selected name/administrative-region content used. No linked histories, affiliation claims, images, interactive map operation or government-power analysis reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "hagwilget-village-council", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 121, "name": "Haida", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Haida Gwaii / Alaska", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Haida people have homelands in Haida Gwaii and southeastern Alaska, with distinct contemporary communities.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Haida people have homelands in Haida Gwaii and southeastern Alaska, with distinct contemporary communities.", "sourceIds": [ "p121-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Haida-authored history, language revitalization, governance and relationships to land and sea. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p121-s1", "p121-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p121-s1", "title": "Council of the Haida Nation — Council of the Haida Nation", "publisher": "haidanation.ca", "url": "https://www.haidanation.ca/about/chn", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Council of the Haida Nation — Council of the Haida Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p121-s2", "title": "History - Tlingit & Haida", "publisher": "tlingitandhaida.gov", "url": "https://tlingitandhaida.gov/about-us/history/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History - Tlingit & Haida” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "haida", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska", "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 122, "name": "Haisla", "region": "British Columbia", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Haisla communities have homelands on the north coast of British Columbia.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Haisla communities have homelands on the north coast of British Columbia.", "sourceIds": [ "p122-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Haisla-authored history, language, Kitamaat and territorial relationships. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p122-s1", "p122-s2", "p122-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p122-s1", "title": "x̄á’isla LanguageCloud", "publisher": "haisla.languagecloud.ca", "url": "https://haisla.languagecloud.ca/home/about-us", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “x̄á’isla LanguageCloud” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p122-s2", "title": "x̄á’isla LanguageCloud", "publisher": "haisla.languagecloud.ca", "url": "https://haisla.languagecloud.ca/home/language", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “x̄á’isla LanguageCloud” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p122-s3", "title": "Cedar LNG Project Environmental Assessment Certificate Application - Section 11: Haisla Nation", "publisher": "projects.eao.gov.bc.ca", "url": "https://projects.eao.gov.bc.ca/api/public/document/61fd847f355a66002224dc4f/download/Cedar_EAC_11_Haisla.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Cedar LNG Project Environmental Assessment Certificate Application - Section 11: Haisla Nation” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "haisla", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Halfway River First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community government", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Halfway River First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community government in the BC Assembly of First Nations community directory. Directory inclusion and administrative region do not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or a relationship to every broader people label.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body: exact selected name and its region label at lines 210-212; page heading at line 11 supplies British Columbia context. Only selected name/administrative-region content used. No linked histories, affiliation claims, images, interactive map operation or government-power analysis reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "halfway-river-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 123, "name": "Han", "region": "Yukon / Alaska", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Hän is a people and language name in the Yukon River region. The plain spelling Han in the original list needs this geographic context.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Hän is a people and language name in the Yukon River region. The plain spelling Han in the original list needs this geographic context.", "sourceIds": [ "p123-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Hän language and histories of communities including Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p123-s1", "p123-s2", "p123-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p123-s1", "title": "Our Story - Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in Government", "publisher": "trondek.ca", "url": "https://www.trondek.ca/who-we-are/our-story/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Government" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Our Story - Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in Government” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p123-s2", "title": "Tr’ochëk - Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in Government", "publisher": "trondek.ca", "url": "https://www.trondek.ca/who-we-are/our-territory/trochek/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Tr’ochëk - Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in Government” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p123-s3", "title": "Our Language — Hän Hënjìk", "publisher": "Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in Government", "author": "Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in Government", "url": "https://www.trondek.ca/our-programs-services/heritage/our-language/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Hän language", "Education", "Community history", "Yukon", "Alaska" ], "annotation": "Community account of Hän language history and revitalization, explicitly connecting Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in and Hän people in Eagle, Alaska. Read Our History, teaching initiatives, working-group and linked-resource descriptions. It identifies a youth initiative beginning September 2024; undated present-tense programme claims are attributed, not independently evaluated. Embedded video/audio and external learning courses were not reviewed. This government is part of a wider Hän grouping.", "documentDate": "Undated web page; contains programme reference to September 2024", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 398 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "researchGaps": [ "Retain existing p123-s1 and p123-s2; their community scope remains Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in, not all Hän people.", "Replacement preserves p123-s3 citation resolution while correcting its subject.", "Do not infer current speaker totals or universal class access from this page." ], "added": false, "slug": "han", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska", "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-YT", "name": "Yukon", "key": "ca-yt" } ] }, { "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-27", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 83 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "comanche" ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-27", "researchGaps": [ "Review the original Comanche Language and Cultural Preservation Committee dictionary and additional community-authored accounts.", "Establish period, local community relationships and any contemporary organization separately; this name check does not identify a separate current government.", "Develop a reading path and review individually relevant image rights before substantive profile publication." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only route based on a narrowly selected report paragraph; no substantive bibliography or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, exact community scope, current institutions and cleared imagery remain queued." ] }, "name": "Hanitaibo", "kind": "Comanche band-name reading route", "region": "Comanche band-name context; regional history under review", "overview": "Hanitaibo is an individually findable Comanche band-name route recorded in a 2021 consulted Texas report. Detailed history, annotated reading sources and specifically relevant imagery remain queued.", "relationshipNote": "The 2021 report lists Hanitaibo with a Corn People gloss among further Comanche band names, citing the 2010 community language dictionary. This is an attributed name-only outline, not proof of a separate present government, exact homeland or individual descent.", "searchTerms": [], "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://ftp.txdot.gov/pub/txdot-info/env/toolkit/415-03-rpt.pdf", "publisher": "Texas Department of Transportation", "title": "Tribal Histories: Comanche Nation Research Report — selected printed page 10", "scope": "Actual printed/PDF page 10 paragraph listing additional Comanche band names, citing Comanche Language and Cultural Preservation Committee 2010, read as selectable text. The original dictionary and current recognition or government records were not inspected. Naming check only; no map, photograph, ceremonial material or complete report review claimed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "slug": "hanitaibo", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [] }, { "name": "Hannahville Indian Community", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Michigan", "overview": "Hannahville has its own Potawatomi community history in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. Its account follows families who resisted removal, lived among related communities and returned toward the Cedar River area. It also records later efforts to build community infrastructure. The page combines institutional narrative, an attributed1964 missionary biography and a milestone list. These voices do not always agree on dates, so this guide preserves that uncertainty rather than assigning a definitive founding or recognition year.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Michigan government. State page also prints Hannahville Potawatomi Indian Community for the same linked government entry; no historical affiliation is independently reconstructed.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Community continuity and records", "text": "Read the Community’s account of movement and settlement alongside its explicit warning that missionary records are incomplete. The histories of neighboring Menominee, Ojibwe and Ottawa communities are related contexts, not interchangeable Hannahville identities.", "sourceIds": [ "hannahville-history-20261027" ] }, { "title": "A twentieth-century community account", "text": "The account of electricity arriving in1966 offers another entry into local history. Its named people and organizations invite fuller study of everyday life; milestone lists and retrospective memories should be compared with underlying records.", "sourceIds": [ "hannahville-history-20261027" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "hannahville-history-20261027", "title": "Hannahville History", "publisher": "Hannahville Indian Community", "url": "https://hannahville.net/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led / community government", "topics": [ "Community history", "Removal resistance", "Hannahville" ], "annotation": "Community-published accounts of removal resistance, settlement and twentieth-century infrastructure. The page combines several voices and chronologies; its recognition dates conflict internally.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Visible main history paragraphs21–28, attributed Cornelia M. Jensen1964 section29–40, electricity account41–53 and milestone table54–83 read. Recognition/founding chronology and older numerical claims were not reconciled; linked images and underlying missionary/congressional records were not inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/egle/about/tribal-relations", "publisher": "Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy", "scope": "Actual Michigan is home to12federally recognized Tribes list, lines447–470; only names, Michigan location and government kind used. Other page content and linked tribal destinations not reviewed for this pass.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/som/government/branches-of-government/tribal-government", "publisher": "State of Michigan", "scope": "Actual Tribal Governments in Michigan entries, lines147–234; used for exact name variants and only the specifically stated relationships noted in each candidate. No current figures, legal or historical chronology adopted.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [ "Hannahville Potawatomi Indian Community" ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Reconcile conflicting dates within the official history against original records.", "Broaden community voices beyond the collected institutional and missionary accounts." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded named-community starting guide, with selected inspected reading and an individually scoped picture. Broader history, original records and community review remain open.", "remainingLimits": [ "Reconcile conflicting dates within the official history against original records.", "Broaden community voices beyond the collected institutional and missionary accounts." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "hannahville-history-20261027" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-03", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "hannahville-history-20261027", "reason": "Start with this community-published account." } ], "scopeNote": "An individually named community/government route; broader people labels and neighboring communities remain related context, not interchangeable identities.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "remainingQuestions": [ "Reconcile conflicting dates within the official history against original records.", "Broaden community voices beyond the collected institutional and missionary accounts." ], "imageRecordId": "hannahville-marksman-frontispiece" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "This reviewed starting guide records selected actual-content sources, their perspectives and access limits. Reused earlier reviews retain their original dates/scopes; images and repeated URLs do not create new historical works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "hannahville-indian-community", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MI", "name": "Michigan", "key": "us-mi" } ] }, { "name": "Hasinai", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-27", "kind": "Historical Caddo community grouping", "region": "East Texas (historical)", "overview": "Hasinai is a historical Caddo community grouping associated with East Texas, rather than a separate present-day government in this directory. Caddo historian Cecile Elkins Carter’s account distinguishes Hasinai from other named Caddo branches. Selected Hasinai-specific scholarship and a public historic-site history supply additional regional context while leaving the underlying records open.", "relationshipNote": "Hasinai is individually named in the Caddo Voices account as a historical Caddo branch in east Texas. This separate name-only reading route does not identify a separate present-day tribal government, fix a boundary or establish individual descent. The broader Caddo guide remains related reading.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Names, river valleys and communities", "text": "Carter places Hasinai communities in East Texas within a wider Caddo history, while Magnaghi’s reference entry locates them in the middle Neches and upper Angelina valleys. The latter describes agricultural hamlets encountered in the seventeenth century. Read these accounts with their different perspectives and periods visible. A historical grouping, a linguistic family and a modern government are different kinds of relationship; the sources do not establish that every Caddo person or archaeological site is specifically Hasinai.", "sourceIds": [ "p38-s8", "c03-hasinai-tsha" ] }, { "title": "Place interpretation and later movement", "text": "The Caddo Mounds site history discusses Hasinai communities continuing in East Texas through the 1830s and later Caddo displacement toward the Brazos. This supplies the bridge to the modern museum exterior used here. The photograph is a public interpretation institution in the related region, not a historical Hasinai house or a proof of direct subgroup identity for ancient mound builders. Sensitive burial and ceremonial descriptions, cultural rankings and unreviewed archaeological conclusions are excluded from this introduction.", "sourceIds": [ "p38-s3", "c03-hasinai-tsha" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p38-s8", "title": "Caddo Homeland", "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/tejas/voices/images/homeland.html", "publisher": "Texas Beyond History; researched and written by Cecile Elkins Carter", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Homeland", "History" ], "annotation": "Cecile Elkins Carter, an enrolled Caddo historian, presents a Caddo-centered synthesis using oral history, archival records, and historical group names. The page distinguishes broad Caddo use from the narrower historical Cadohadacho label; these are attributed historical interpretations rather than a universal current naming rule.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible page and the separate credits page were read. Its account is Carter’s researched and written synthesis; underlying cited archives and all referenced books were not independently reviewed.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "c03-hasinai-tsha", "title": "Hasinai Indians — selected historical and regional passages", "publisher": "Texas State Historical Association, Handbook of Texas Online", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/hasinai-indians", "type": "Scholarly reference", "topics": [ "Hasinai", "East Texas", "Settlement", "Source criticism" ], "annotation": "Russell M. Magnaghi’s entry provides specifically Hasinai naming, river-valley and settlement context. Selected historical paragraphs are read with Carter’s Caddo-centered account. The article’s dated cultural rankings, ceremonial/burial descriptions and confident archaeological reconstructions are not adopted.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Selected actual main-body paragraphs, web lines 7–10, 14–15 and 18–19, plus author and bibliography read. Synthesis uses East Texas Neches/Angelina context, agricultural hamlets and later movement only. Ceremonial details, burial material, evaluative cultural rankings, ancient identity equivalence, exact community counts and current descendant assertions excluded. Underlying bibliography not read.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "Undated publication", "accessNotes": "Actual public HTML body readable without an account in this inspection. Linked bibliography, archival instruments and media remain separate works unless expressly listed.", "author": "Russell M. Magnaghi" }, { "id": "p38-s3", "title": "Caddo Mounds History", "url": "https://thc.texas.gov/state-historic-sites/caddo-mounds/caddo-mounds-history", "publisher": "Texas Historical Commission", "type": "Government / archaeology and historic-site interpretation", "topics": [ "History", "Archaeology", "Homeland" ], "annotation": "A site history summarizes the settlement and ceremonial center at Caddo Mounds and later Hasinai and Caddo movement. Its account is useful for this particular site and institutional chronology, not a complete history of the Caddo people.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible history article and its listed chronology were read. Interpretations of why the center was vacated remain attributed to the site’s archaeological account.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-27", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/tejas/voices/images/homeland.html", "publisher": "Texas Beyond History / Texas Archeological Research Laboratory; Caddo Voices account by Cecile Elkins Carter", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "scope": "Selected actual main-body paragraphs on named Caddo communities and three branches (page lines24–28), plus context through31. Names Cadohadacho along the great bend of Red River and Hasinai in east Texas. This is a community-authored historical synthesis, not a current government list or a territorial survey. Original colonial records, images and map boundaries not reviewed. Authorship is retained from the existing inspected Caddo source/credits record; the page-relative credits link returned404 in this follow-up.", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 38 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "caddo" ], "researchGaps": [ "Compare settlement and movement accounts with original documents and further Hasinai-focused scholarship.", "Do not equate ancient archaeological classifications with a specific later community without separate evidence.", "Add public community voices and language history; no individual descent or present governmental status is inferred.", "The museum picture supplies regional public-history context, not a specifically Hasinai-made or Hasinai-depicting artifact." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded historical-community starting path with selected actual-content works, attributed perspectives and explicitly scoped imagery. No fixed source minimum, comprehensive completion, current subgroup government or individual descent is claimed.", "remainingLimits": [ "Compare settlement and movement accounts with original documents and further Hasinai-focused scholarship.", "Do not equate ancient archaeological classifications with a specific later community without separate evidence.", "Add public community voices and language history; no individual descent or present governmental status is inferred.", "The museum picture supplies regional public-history context, not a specifically Hasinai-made or Hasinai-depicting artifact." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p38-s8", "c03-hasinai-tsha" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-03", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p38-s8", "reason": "Start with Carter’s attributed Caddo-centered account and its particular naming distinctions." }, { "sourceId": "c03-hasinai-tsha", "reason": "Read the selected Hasinai-specific historical/regional passages with the exclusions stated in the annotation." }, { "sourceId": "p38-s3", "reason": "Use the Caddo Mounds history for this particular site’s interpretation and the explicitly named Hasinai regional connection." } ], "scopeNote": "Historical people/community grouping; broader Caddo or Wichita access points are related reading. No automatic subgroup identity is assigned to an umbrella source, historical picture or current government.", "reviewBasis": "New actual-content scopes are separately dated; exact existing source objects retain their original dates/scopes. Image identification, rights and complete delivered frames are recorded separately.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "remainingQuestions": [ "Compare settlement and movement accounts with original documents and further Hasinai-focused scholarship.", "Do not equate ancient archaeological classifications with a specific later community without separate evidence.", "Add public community voices and language history; no individual descent or present governmental status is inferred.", "The museum picture supplies regional public-history context, not a specifically Hasinai-made or Hasinai-depicting artifact." ], "imageRecordId": "hasinai-caddo-mounds-museum-moore-2026" }, "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "p38-s8", "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "originalContentReviewScope": "The full visible page and the separate credits page were read. Its account is Carter’s researched and written synthesis; underlying cited archives and all referenced books were not independently reviewed.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "inspectionBasis": "Exact existing inspected source object preserved. Selection for this historical-community route does not claim a fresh whole-source review or another global work. Only specifically relevant statements are synthesized." }, { "sourceId": "p38-s3", "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "originalContentReviewScope": "The full visible history article and its listed chronology were read. Interpretations of why the center was vacated remain attributed to the site’s archaeological account.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "inspectionBasis": "Exact existing inspected source object preserved. Selection for this historical-community route does not claim a fresh whole-source review or another global work. Only specifically relevant statements are synthesized." } ], "evidenceNotes": [ "This reviewed starting guide records selected actual-content sources, their perspectives and access limits. Reused earlier reviews retain their original dates/scopes; images and repeated URLs do not create new historical works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "hasinai", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-TX", "name": "Texas", "key": "us-tx" } ] }, { "originalId": 124, "name": "Hatteras", "region": "Southeast / North Carolina", "kind": "Historical people / name", "overview": "Hatteras is a historical Indigenous name associated with the Outer Banks of North Carolina.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Hatteras is a historical Indigenous name associated with the Outer Banks of North Carolina.", "sourceIds": [ "p124-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Coastal communities, Croatoan-related terminology and the limits of colonial records. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p124-s1", "p124-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p124-s1", "title": "History & Culture - Cape Hatteras National Seashore (U.S. National Park Service)", "publisher": "home.nps.gov", "url": "https://home.nps.gov/caha/learn/historyculture/index.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “History & Culture - Cape Hatteras National Seashore (U.S. National Park Service)” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p124-s2", "title": "A SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS OF CULTURAL RESOURCE INFORMATION ON THE CONTINENTAL SHELF FROM THE BAY OF FUNDY TO CAPE HATTERAS FINAL REPORT Volume II - Archaeology and Paleontology", "publisher": "govinfo.gov", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-I-3a9243fa02473cc7f814b7007378173f/pdf/GOVPUB-I-3a9243fa02473cc7f814b7007378173f.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “A SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS OF CULTURAL RESOURCE INFORMATION ON THE CONTINENTAL SHELF FROM THE BAY OF FUNDY TO CAPE HATTERAS FINAL REPORT Volume II - Archaeology and Paleontology” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "hatteras", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NC", "name": "North Carolina", "key": "us-nc" } ] }, { "added": true, "name": "Haudenosaunee", "region": "Northeast / Great Lakes", "kind": "Confederacy", "overview": "Haudenosaunee is the name of a confederacy connecting the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca and Tuscarora nations. It is a broader political relationship, rather than another name for one constituent nation.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Haudenosaunee is the name of a confederacy connecting the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca and Tuscarora nations. It is a broader political relationship, rather than another name for one constituent nation.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Confederacy-authored accounts of the Great Law, nation relationships, council institutions and contemporary political life. Start with the annotated sources and compare each publisher’s scope and perspective.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1", "added-s2", "added-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "added-s1", "title": "Who We Are - Haudenosaunee Confederacy", "url": "https://www.haudenosauneeconfederacy.com/who-we-are/", "publisher": "haudenosauneeconfederacy.com", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "added-s2", "title": "Cayuga Nation of the Haudenosaunee", "publisher": "haudenosauneeconfederacy.com", "url": "https://www.haudenosauneeconfederacy.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Newsletter-12.31.14.FINAL-1.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Cayuga Nation of the Haudenosaunee” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "added-s3", "title": "I. HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF THE ONONDAGA NATION AND THE HAUDENOSAUNEE IN LAKE ONTARIO:", "publisher": "onondaganation.org", "url": "https://www.onondaganation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Lake_Ontario_Onondaga.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “I. HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF THE ONONDAGA NATION AND THE HAUDENOSAUNEE IN LAKE ONTARIO:” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 221, 268, 269, 44, 341, 411 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "slug": "haudenosaunee", "regionGroups": [ "Great Lakes", "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NY", "name": "New York", "key": "us-ny" } ] }, { "originalId": 125, "name": "Havasupai", "region": "Southwest / Arizona", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Havasupai Tribe has enduring relationships with the Grand Canyon region and Havasu Canyon.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Havasupai Tribe has enduring relationships with the Grand Canyon region and Havasu Canyon.", "sourceIds": [ "p125-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Havasupai community perspectives, language, land and contemporary tribal government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p125-s1", "p125-s2", "p125-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p125-s1", "title": "Havasupai Tribe of the Havasupai Reservation, Arizona | Native American Advancement, Initiatives, and Research", "publisher": "naair.arizona.edu", "url": "https://naair.arizona.edu/havasupai-tribe", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Havasupai Tribe of the Havasupai Reservation, Arizona | Native American Advancement, Initiatives, and Research” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p125-s2", "title": "Pai Language and the Havasupai, Yavapai, and Hualapai Indian Tribes (Baja, Walapai, Upland Yuman)", "publisher": "native-languages.org", "url": "https://www.native-languages.org/pai.htm", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Pai Language and the Havasupai, Yavapai, and Hualapai Indian Tribes (Baja, Walapai, Upland Yuman)” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p125-s3", "title": "Expanded conceptual risk framework for uranium mining in Grand Canyon watershed—Inclusion of the Havasupai Tribe perspective", "publisher": "pubs.usgs.gov", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231092/full", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Expanded conceptual risk framework for uranium mining in Grand Canyon watershed—Inclusion of the Havasupai Tribe perspective” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "havasupai", "searchTerms": [ "Havasupai Tribe of the Havasupai Reservation, Arizona" ], "regionGroups": [ "Southwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AZ", "name": "Arizona", "key": "us-az" } ] }, { "name": "Healy Lake Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Healy Lake Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 857; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "healy-lake-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 126, "name": "Heiltsuk", "region": "British Columbia / Central Coast", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Heiltsuk people have homelands on the central coast of British Columbia and publish historical and cultural resources.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Heiltsuk people have homelands on the central coast of British Columbia and publish historical and cultural resources.", "sourceIds": [ "p126-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Heiltsuk language, coastal stewardship, community government and territorial histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p126-s1", "p126-s2", "p126-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p126-s1", "title": "Heiltsuk Nation — Haíɫzaqv | Heiltsuk Tribal Council", "publisher": "heiltsuk.ca", "url": "https://www.heiltsuk.ca/index.html", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Heiltsuk Nation — Haíɫzaqv | Heiltsuk Tribal Council” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p126-s2", "title": "Heiltsuk Nation — Haíɫzaqv | Heiltsuk Tribal Council", "publisher": "heiltsuk.ca", "url": "https://heiltsuk.ca/index.html", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Heiltsuk Nation — Haíɫzaqv | Heiltsuk Tribal Council” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p126-s3", "title": "Heiltsuk Language and the Bella Bella Indian Tribe (Oowekyala, Haihai, Heiltsuks)", "publisher": "native-languages.org", "url": "https://www.native-languages.org/heiltsuk.htm", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Heiltsuk Language and the Bella Bella Indian Tribe (Oowekyala, Haihai, Heiltsuks)” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "heiltsuk", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Henvey Inlet First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — Lake Huron region member listing", "overview": "Henvey Inlet First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. Membership alone is not treated as proof of Ojibwe, Anishinaabe or other ethnic identity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page18 (zero-based17): named member entry with Ontario address; parenthetical name retained only where explicit.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "henvey-inlet-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "originalId": 127, "name": "Hidatsa", "region": "Great Plains / North Dakota", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Hidatsa people form part of the Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara Nation while retaining a distinct language and history.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Hidatsa people form part of the Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara Nation while retaining a distinct language and history.", "sourceIds": [ "p127-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Missouri River villages, Hidatsa language, agriculture and contemporary confederated government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p127-s1", "p127-s2", "p127-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p127-s1", "title": "MHA Nation History | Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation", "publisher": "mhanation.com", "url": "https://www.mhanation.com/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “MHA Nation History | Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p127-s2", "title": "History of Hidatsa: Post-1845 (U.S. National Park Service)", "publisher": "nps.gov", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/articles/history-of-hidatsa-post-1845.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “History of Hidatsa: Post-1845 (U.S. National Park Service)” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p127-s3", "title": "MHA Nation | Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation", "publisher": "mhanation.com", "url": "https://www.mhanation.com/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “MHA Nation | Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 19, 195 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "hidatsa", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-ND", "name": "North Dakota", "key": "us-nd" } ] }, { "name": "High Bar First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community government", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "High Bar First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community government in the BC Assembly of First Nations community directory. Directory inclusion and administrative region do not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or a relationship to every broader people label.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body: exact selected name and its region label at lines 222-224; page heading at line 11 supplies British Columbia context. Only selected name/administrative-region content used. No linked histories, affiliation claims, images, interactive map operation or government-power analysis reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "high-bar-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 128, "name": "Hitchiti", "region": "Southeast / Oklahoma / Florida", "kind": "Historical people / name", "overview": "Hitchiti is a historical people, town and language name within the southeastern Indigenous world.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Hitchiti is a historical people, town and language name within the southeastern Indigenous world.", "sourceIds": [ "p128-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Hitchiti language, Muscogee town histories and relationships to later communities. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p128-s1", "p128-s2", "p128-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p128-s1", "title": "Hitchiti | Language and Linguistics | Research Starters | EBSCOhost", "publisher": "ebsco.com", "url": "https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/language-and-linguistics/hitchiti/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Hitchiti | Language and Linguistics | Research Starters | EBSCOhost” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p128-s2", "title": "Hitchiti Language and the Hitchiti Indian Tribe (Hitchiti-Mikasuki, Ahitchita, Atsik-hata, Echete, Hichiti)", "publisher": "native-languages.org", "url": "https://www.native-languages.org/hitchiti.htm", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Hitchiti Language and the Hitchiti Indian Tribe (Hitchiti-Mikasuki, Ahitchita, Atsik-hata, Echete, Hichiti)” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p128-s3", "title": "MS 4148 A Sketch of the Hitchiti Language | NAA.MS4148 | SOVA, Smithsonian Institution", "publisher": "sova.si.edu", "url": "https://sova.si.edu/record/naa.ms4148", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “MS 4148 A Sketch of the Hitchiti Language | NAA.MS4148 | SOVA, Smithsonian Institution” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "hitchiti", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains", "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-GA", "name": "Georgia", "key": "us-ga" } ] }, { "originalId": 130, "name": "Ho-Chunk", "region": "Great Lakes / Wisconsin / Nebraska", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Ho-Chunk is a broader people-name reading route. The starting sources here focus on the Ho-Chunk Nation in Wisconsin, whose own accounts explain its governmental and heritage-preservation work. The Nation’s separate directory entry remains available; this route does not merge it with the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska or turn one institution’s account into every Ho-Chunk person’s experience.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Ho-Chunk people continue through distinct communities and governments in Wisconsin and Nebraska.", "sourceIds": [ "p130-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Ho-Chunk-authored history, language, removal and the meaning of Winnebago in historical sources. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p130-s1", "p130-s2" ] }, { "title": "Read a people-name alongside a named government", "text": "The Ho-Chunk Nation’s institutional account distinguishes its government and traditional-government relationship. It gives one specific contemporary point of entry into the broader Ho-Chunk story. Readers should retain the publisher’s scope: a particular Nation’s organization is not automatically the institutional arrangement of every Ho-Chunk community. The source’s linked constitutional texts and present legal rules were not independently examined.", "sourceIds": [ "c4-hochunk-about" ] }, { "title": "Heritage work and language continuity", "text": "The Nation’s Heritage Preservation account describes work involving cultural stewardship, archives and language continuity. These are institutional responsibilities and stated aims, rather than a measurement of results or a claim that all public or private cultural material is open for reuse. The selected public passages offer a useful starting route; internal records, personal services and sensitive locations remain outside this guide.", "sourceIds": [ "c4-hochunk-heritage" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p130-s1", "title": "HO-CHUNK NATION", "publisher": "firstnations.org", "url": "https://www.firstnations.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2022-23-NATOW-Travel-Guide-compressed.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “HO-CHUNK NATION” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p130-s2", "title": "Ho-Chunk Nation - Wisconsin First Nations", "publisher": "wisconsinfirstnations.org", "url": "https://wisconsinfirstnations.org/ho-chunk-nation/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Ho-Chunk Nation - Wisconsin First Nations” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "c4-hochunk-about", "title": "About Ho-Chunk Nation", "publisher": "Ho-Chunk Nation", "url": "https://ho-chunknation.com/about/", "type": "Indigenous-led / community-published", "topics": [ "Government", "Homeland", "Institutions" ], "annotation": "The Nation’s explanation of governmental organization and traditional homeland. Read as institutional description; linked constitutions, exact present rules and ancient chronology are unverified.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete main body29–34 read. Synthesis uses the four named branches, constitutional reference and traditional-government distinction29, with the homeland statement34. Term lengths, district totals, court staffing, developing courts and speculative ancient dates are not adopted as independently current or established facts. Linked constitutions and law were not inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceUnitKey": "hochunk-nation-about", "publicationDate": "Undated; site footer and crawl dates are not publication dates", "accessNotes": "Public HTML actual selected body text read; linked documents and media are outside this inspection." }, { "id": "c4-hochunk-heritage", "title": "Heritage Preservation", "publisher": "Ho-Chunk Nation", "url": "https://ho-chunknation.com/government/executive-branch/heritage-preservation/", "type": "Indigenous-led / community-published", "topics": [ "Heritage stewardship", "Archives", "Language" ], "annotation": "Departmental account of preservation responsibilities and language continuity. Service aims are distinguished from evaluated outcomes; restricted materials and personal enrollment services are outside scope.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual Department of Heritage Preservation mission98–109, public services137–153 and Language Division statement275–279 read. Personal enrollment instructions, private information, named staff/contact details, burial locations and operational/eligibility advice excluded. Linked language site, internal records, surveys and reports not reviewed.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceUnitKey": "hochunk-heritage-preservation", "publicationDate": "Undated; site footer and crawl dates are not publication dates", "accessNotes": "Public HTML actual selected body text read; linked documents and media are outside this inspection." } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "overviewSourceIds": [ "c4-hochunk-about", "c4-hochunk-heritage" ], "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; fuller history remains open", "researchGaps": [ "Add independently scoped Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska history and other Ho-Chunk community accounts.", "Inspect further community-authored history, language publications and original records beyond the selected institutional passages.", "Government names, historical people names and older uses of Winnebago require context; this guide does not settle every historical label." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A small, purposefully selected actual-content starting path and specifically scoped credited image are now available. Fuller history, source comparison and community review remain open; quantity does not establish completion.", "remainingLimits": [ "Add independently scoped Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska history and other Ho-Chunk community accounts.", "Inspect further community-authored history, language publications and original records beyond the selected institutional passages.", "Government names, historical people names and older uses of Winnebago require context; this guide does not settle every historical label." ] }, "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-06", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "scopeNote": "A short starting path through selected actual-content works. Read each annotation for the specific community, period and inspection limits; this is not a complete history or community endorsement.", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c4-hochunk-about", "reason": "Read a specifically named government’s own account and its institutional scope." }, { "sourceId": "c4-hochunk-heritage", "reason": "Continue with the public heritage-preservation and language account." } ], "imageRecordId": "c6-hochunk-wisconsin-meeting" }, "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "profile": "hochunk-nation", "sourceIds": [ "c4-hochunk-about", "c4-hochunk-heritage" ], "note": "Existing actual-content reviews copied with original scope/date; adds Ho-Chunk-route contexts, not new globally distinct works or fresh full readings." } ], "evidenceNotes": [ "Cohort06: selected actual-content sources and specifically scoped credited imagery form a bounded starting guide. Reused publications/photos are not new global works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "hochunk-nation", "winnebago-tribe-of-nebraska" ], "added": false, "slug": "hochunk", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains", "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WI", "name": "Wisconsin", "key": "us-wi" } ] }, { "name": "Ho-Chunk Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Wisconsin, United States — current government listing", "overview": "This route identifies the Ho-Chunk Nation government. Its own public pages connect governmental institutions, homeland relationships, heritage stewardship and continuing language work.", "relationshipNote": "The state roster identifies this named Tribal Nation separately. It does not establish the full history or relationships of every broader reading label.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Institutions described by the Nation", "text": "The Nation identifies executive, legislative, judicial and general council branches, referring to its 1963 and 1994 constitutions. It also distinguishes a traditional chief-and-clan system. These institutional descriptions introduce a named government within wider Ho-Chunk history. They are not a substitute for reading current governing texts, and they do not identify the Wisconsin Nation with every other Ho-Chunk government.", "sourceIds": [ "c4-hochunk-about" ] }, { "title": "Preservation and language as public responsibilities", "text": "Heritage Preservation describes research, archives, conservation and education as responsibilities carried through the Nation’s own institutions. Its Language Division emphasizes continuity across generations. Together these statements show stewardship as ongoing community work. They describe purposes and responsibilities; they do not measure language fluency, establish the accessibility of every collection or make protected knowledge public.", "sourceIds": [ "c4-hochunk-heritage" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c4-hochunk-about", "title": "About Ho-Chunk Nation", "publisher": "Ho-Chunk Nation", "url": "https://ho-chunknation.com/about/", "type": "Indigenous-led / community-published", "topics": [ "Government", "Homeland", "Institutions" ], "annotation": "The Nation’s explanation of governmental organization and traditional homeland. Read as institutional description; linked constitutions, exact present rules and ancient chronology are unverified.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete main body29–34 read. Synthesis uses the four named branches, constitutional reference and traditional-government distinction29, with the homeland statement34. Term lengths, district totals, court staffing, developing courts and speculative ancient dates are not adopted as independently current or established facts. Linked constitutions and law were not inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceUnitKey": "hochunk-nation-about", "publicationDate": "Undated; site footer and crawl dates are not publication dates", "accessNotes": "Public HTML actual selected body text read; linked documents and media are outside this inspection." }, { "id": "c4-hochunk-heritage", "title": "Heritage Preservation", "publisher": "Ho-Chunk Nation", "url": "https://ho-chunknation.com/government/executive-branch/heritage-preservation/", "type": "Indigenous-led / community-published", "topics": [ "Heritage stewardship", "Archives", "Language" ], "annotation": "Departmental account of preservation responsibilities and language continuity. Service aims are distinguished from evaluated outcomes; restricted materials and personal enrollment services are outside scope.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual Department of Heritage Preservation mission98–109, public services137–153 and Language Division statement275–279 read. Personal enrollment instructions, private information, named staff/contact details, burial locations and operational/eligibility advice excluded. Linked language site, internal records, surveys and reports not reviewed.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceUnitKey": "hochunk-heritage-preservation", "publicationDate": "Undated; site footer and crawl dates are not publication dates", "accessNotes": "Public HTML actual selected body text read; linked documents and media are outside this inspection." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://dcf.wisconsin.gov/tribalaffairs/tribalinformation", "publisher": "Wisconsin Department of Children and Families", "title": "Tribal Information — Federally Recognized Tribes in Wisconsin", "scope": "Named in the complete eleven-government list; identity/name check only.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 130 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Add Ho-Chunk-authored historical scholarship, public family accounts and removal/return histories beyond these brief institutional descriptions.", "Read current constitutions, amendments and laws before making precise legal, jurisdictional or governmental-process claims.", "The wider Ho-Chunk people and the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska require their own scoped histories; this named Wisconsin government is not interchangeable with either wider label or another government.", "Current language access, fluency and program outcomes were not evaluated; internal records and restricted cultural information remain outside this public starting path.", "The photograph documents Marlon WhiteEagle’s office in May2021 only; no current officeholder or endorsement is implied." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded starting path from selected public community accounts; chronology, wider voices and underlying records remain to be reviewed.", "remainingLimits": [ "Add Ho-Chunk-authored historical scholarship, public family accounts and removal/return histories beyond these brief institutional descriptions.", "Read current constitutions, amendments and laws before making precise legal, jurisdictional or governmental-process claims.", "The wider Ho-Chunk people and the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska require their own scoped histories; this named Wisconsin government is not interchangeable with either wider label or another government.", "Current language access, fluency and program outcomes were not evaluated; internal records and restricted cultural information remain outside this public starting path.", "The photograph documents Marlon WhiteEagle’s office in May2021 only; no current officeholder or endorsement is implied." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "c4-hochunk-about", "c4-hochunk-heritage" ], "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "startingGuide": { "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "batchId": "starter-guides-04", "purpose": "A short source-led starting path; detailed research remains unfinished.", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c4-hochunk-about", "reason": "Begin with the Nation’s explanation of its branches and its distinct traditional-government context." }, { "sourceId": "c4-hochunk-heritage", "reason": "Then read the selected preservation and Language Division statements for community-defined responsibilities." } ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "imageRecordId": "hochunk-whiteeagle-walsh-dol-2021" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "hochunk-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WI", "name": "Wisconsin", "key": "us-wi" } ] }, { "originalId": 129, "name": "Holikachuk", "region": "Alaska / Subarctic", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Holikachuk is a people and language name associated with interior Alaska.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Holikachuk is a people and language name associated with interior Alaska.", "sourceIds": [ "p129-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language documentation, village histories and relationships with neighboring Dene communities. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p129-s1", "p129-s2", "p129-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p129-s1", "title": "The ASJP Database - Wordlist Holikachuk", "publisher": "asjp.clld.org", "url": "https://asjp.clld.org/languages/HOLIKACHUK", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “The ASJP Database - Wordlist Holikachuk” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p129-s2", "title": "Glottolog 5.3 - Holikachuk", "publisher": "glottolog.org", "url": "https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/holi1241", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Glottolog 5.3 - Holikachuk” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p129-s3", "title": "Corporate Charter: Holikachuk - GOVPUB-I20-ea26e81be1bafa77c8883a24005f6851 | Content Details | GovInfo", "publisher": "govinfo.gov", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GOVPUB-I20-ea26e81be1bafa77c8883a24005f6851", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Corporate Charter: Holikachuk - GOVPUB-I20-ea26e81be1bafa77c8883a24005f6851 | Content Details | GovInfo” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "holikachuk", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Holy Cross Tribe", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Holy Cross Tribe has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 858; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "holy-cross-tribe", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Homalco First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community-government route", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Homalco First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community route in the BC Assembly directory. Roster inclusion does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or identity with a broader people label. Government details and relationships remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body, selected exact name and administrative-region label at lines 226-228; explicit BC heading at line 11. Previously readable body inspected October 26, 2026 and reused for this bounded name-only pass. No linked history, ethnicity, territory, photographs or map interaction reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "homalco-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Hoonah Indian Association", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Hoonah Indian Association has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 860; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "hoonah-indian-association", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 131, "name": "Hopi", "region": "Southwest / Arizona", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Hopi people have homelands in northeastern Arizona and a living language, community life and tribal institutions.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Hopi people have homelands in northeastern Arizona and a living language, community life and tribal institutions.", "sourceIds": [ "p131-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Hopi-authored histories, village distinctions, language and contemporary government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p131-s1", "p131-s2", "p131-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p131-s1", "title": "About Hopi | The Hopi Foundation", "publisher": "hopifoundation.org", "url": "https://www.hopifoundation.org/about-hopi", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “About Hopi | The Hopi Foundation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p131-s2", "title": "About Hopi — Hopi Education Endowment Fund", "publisher": "hopieducationfund.org", "url": "https://www.hopieducationfund.org/about-hopi", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “About Hopi — Hopi Education Endowment Fund” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p131-s3", "title": "Hopi Language | Language and Linguistics | Research Starters | EBSCOhost", "publisher": "ebsco.com", "url": "https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/language-and-linguistics/hopi-language", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Hopi Language | Language and Linguistics | Research Starters | EBSCOhost” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "hopi", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AZ", "name": "Arizona", "key": "us-az" } ] }, { "name": "Hopi Tribe of Arizona", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Arizona", "overview": "Hopi Tribe of Arizona has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "hopi-tribe-of-arizona", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AZ", "name": "Arizona", "key": "us-az" } ] }, { "originalId": 132, "name": "Houlton Band of Maliseet", "region": "Northeast / Maine", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians is a distinct community within the wider Wolastoqiyik world.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians is a distinct community within the wider Wolastoqiyik world.", "sourceIds": [ "p132-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community government, language and relationships across the Maine–New Brunswick border. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p132-s1", "p132-s2", "p132-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p132-s1", "title": "Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians - Littleton, ME | Tribe Story - Tribe Act", "publisher": "tribeact.com", "url": "https://tribeact.com/Tribe/Profile/186/HoultonBandofMaliseetIndians", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians - Littleton, ME | Tribe Story - Tribe Act” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p132-s2", "title": "Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians - Tribal Law; National Indian Law Library, Native American Rights Fund", "publisher": "narf.org", "url": "https://www.narf.org/nill/tribes/houlton_maliseet.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians - Tribal Law; National Indian Law Library, Native American Rights Fund” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p132-s3", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Houlton Band of Maliseet", "publisher": "legislature.maine.gov", "url": "https://www.legislature.maine.gov/doc/4462", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Houlton Band of Maliseet” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 434 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "houlton-band-of-maliseet", "regionGroups": [ "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-ME", "name": "Maine", "key": "us-me" } ] }, { "originalId": 133, "name": "Hualapai", "region": "Southwest / Arizona", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Hualapai Tribe has homelands in northwestern Arizona and the Grand Canyon region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Hualapai Tribe has homelands in northwestern Arizona and the Grand Canyon region.", "sourceIds": [ "p133-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Hualapai-authored history, language, land and contemporary institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p133-s1", "p133-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p133-s1", "title": "The Hualapai and Aboriginal Title | Federal Judicial Center", "publisher": "fjc.gov", "url": "https://www.fjc.gov/history/spotlight-judicial-history/hualapai-and-aboriginal-title", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “The Hualapai and Aboriginal Title | Federal Judicial Center” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p133-s2", "title": "rpt_", "publisher": "cerberus.hualapai-nsn.gov", "url": "https://cerberus.hualapai-nsn.gov/public/folder/qu4rp2duqemuodwzkbpdzq/April30/MP_Report_Revised04302024RevAndCover.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “rpt_” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "hualapai", "searchTerms": [ "Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Hualapai Indian Reservation, Arizona" ], "regionGroups": [ "Southwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AZ", "name": "Arizona", "key": "us-az" } ] }, { "originalId": 134, "name": "Huastec", "region": "Mexico / Huasteca", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Huastec is a name associated with Teenek people in eastern Mexico. Huasteca as a wider region includes other peoples as well.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Huastec is a name associated with Teenek people in eastern Mexico. Huasteca as a wider region includes other peoples as well.", "sourceIds": [ "p134-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Teenek self-designation, language and local community histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p134-s1", "p134-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p134-s1", "title": "Huastecos – Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/huastecos-etnografia/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Huastecos – Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p134-s2", "title": "Huastecos – Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/huastecos-lengua/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Huastecos – Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "huastec", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 135, "name": "Huave (Ikoots)", "region": "Mexico / Oaxaca", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Huave is an outside label associated with communities also using names such as Ikoots. Local self-designations differ.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Huave is an outside label associated with communities also using names such as Ikoots. Local self-designations differ.", "sourceIds": [ "p135-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language diversity, coastal community identities and territorial histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p135-s1", "p135-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p135-s1", "title": "Huaves - Ubicación - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/huaves-ubicacion/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Huaves - Ubicación - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p135-s2", "title": "Huaves | Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/huaves-oaxaca/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Huaves | Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "huave-ikoots", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 136, "name": "Huetar", "region": "Central America / Costa Rica", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Huetar history concerns Indigenous people of central Costa Rica and continuing communities.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Huetar history concerns Indigenous people of central Costa Rica and continuing communities.", "sourceIds": [ "p136-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community identities, language history, Quitirrisí and Zapatón, and contemporary organization. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p136-s1", "p136-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p136-s1", "title": "Huetar Language and the Huetar Indian Tribe (Guetar, Güetar, Wétar, Brusela)", "publisher": "native-languages.org", "url": "https://www.native-languages.org/huetar.htm", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Huetar Language and the Huetar Indian Tribe (Guetar, Güetar, Wétar, Brusela)” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p136-s2", "title": "Línea Vieja – Huétar — Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino", "publisher": "museo.precolombino.cl", "url": "https://museo.precolombino.cl/aprende/pueblos-culturas/culturas-precolombinas/mesoamerica/l-nea-vieja-hu-tar/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Línea Vieja – Huétar — Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "researchLeads": [ { "url": "https://dipalicori.ucr.ac.cr/lengua-cultura/huetar/", "title": "Carlos Sánchez Avendaño. Huetar. University of Costa Rica, Dipalicori, updated 2020. Linguistic overview.", "documentKey": "Huetar_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Huetar culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Huetar history and contemporary communities in Costa Rica.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://rree.go.cr/files/includes/files.php?id=934&tipo=documentos", "title": "Jorge Francisco Sáenz Carbonell. El rey Garabito defensor de la libertad. 2016. Historical study drawing on colonial documents.", "documentKey": "Huetar_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Huetar culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Huetar history and contemporary communities in Costa Rica.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://portal.amelica.org/ameli/journal/299/2993454006/movil/", "title": "Orlando Amaris Cervantes. Transformación agroecológica en el cantón de Mora en Costa Rica y emigración indígena huetar (1900-1955). Revista de Historia 74, 2016, pages 115 to 144.", "documentKey": "Huetar_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Huetar culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Huetar history and contemporary communities in Costa Rica.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": null, "linkNote": "TLS verification failed; availability undetermined; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/821182.pdf", "title": "Raquel Ornat Clemente. Historia e identidad: un análisis del caso del actual Quitirrisí, Costa Rica. Salduie 3, 2003, pages 269 to 297. Scholarly historical and anthropological study.", "documentKey": "Huetar_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Huetar culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Huetar history and contemporary communities in Costa Rica.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": null, "linkNote": "TLS verification failed; availability undetermined; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://kerwa.ucr.ac.cr/items/ba1e1d74-88de-44e8-8fd4-2b654ef55df8", "title": "Adolfo Constenla Umaña. El huetar: observaciones sobre los materiales disponibles para su estudio y sobre las hipótesis en torno a sus afinidades lingüísticas. Revista de Filología y Lingüística 10 issue 2, 1984, pages 3 to 18. Scholarly linguistic study.", "documentKey": "Huetar_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Huetar culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Huetar history and contemporary communities in Costa Rica.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://recursos.mep.go.cr/portal_espanol/data/textos/modulo_indigena.pdf", "title": "José Víctor Estrada Torres. Cosmovisión y cosmogonía de los pueblos indígenas costarricenses. Ministry of Public Education, 2012.", "documentKey": "Huetar_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Huetar culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Huetar history and contemporary communities in Costa Rica.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.mep.go.cr/sites/default/files/media/tomo_7.pdf", "title": "Ministry of Public Education. Los Huetares del Centro de Costa Rica. Minienciclopedia de los Territorios Indígenas de Costa Rica, volume 7, n.d.", "documentKey": "Huetar_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Huetar culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Huetar history and contemporary communities in Costa Rica.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://alimentacionycultura.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/2023/02/12/un-destino-turistico-que-enlaza-cuatro-cantones-de-san-jose/", "title": "Patricia Sedó Masís. Un destino turístico que enlaza a cuatro cantones josefinos. University of Costa Rica School of Nutrition, 12 February 2023.", "documentKey": "Huetar_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Huetar culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Huetar history and contemporary communities in Costa Rica.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": null, "linkNote": "TLS verification failed; availability undetermined; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?lng=en&nrm=iso&pid=S1659-28592016000100033&script=sci_arttext", "title": "Orlando Amaris Cervantes. El pueblo Huetar y los indígenas sin pueblo: diferencias y similitudes en cuanto a residencia y ocupación en el censo del 2011 de Costa Rica. Reflexiones 95 issue 1, 2016, pages 33 to 49.", "documentKey": "Huetar_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Huetar culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Huetar history and contemporary communities in Costa Rica.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://pgrweb.go.cr/DOCS/NORMAS/1/VIGENTE/D/2000-2009/2000-2004/2001/B4E8/3DA1F.HTML", "title": "Costa Rica. Executive Decree 29452 G, 2001. Primary legal record concerning the boundaries of Quitirrisí and earlier recognition.", "documentKey": "Huetar_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Huetar culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Huetar history and contemporary communities in Costa Rica.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://sinalevi.go.cr/ResultadosPronunciamiento/Informacion?param1=3297¶m2=0", "title": "José Joaquín Barahona V. Attorney General’s Office opinion C 037 88, 16 February 1988. Primary legal interpretation affirming Zapatón’s reserve status.", "documentKey": "Huetar_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Huetar culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Huetar history and contemporary communities in Costa Rica.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://repositorio.ciicla.ucr.ac.cr/items/3449926f-95d3-40e2-a279-4e9221666385/full", "title": "Marjorie Moreno Salas. Identidad étnica en indígenas huetares de Quitirrisí. Revista de Ciencias Sociales 122, 2008, pages 27 to 38. University repository record and abstract of a study surveying 90 participants.", "documentKey": "Huetar_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Huetar culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Huetar history and contemporary communities in Costa Rica.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://cidicer.ucr.ac.cr/proyecto/quizarco-practicas-educativas-contextualizadas-en-la-aplicacion-de-la-politica-de", "title": "University of Costa Rica, CIDICER. Quizarco project on intercultural education in Quitirrisí and Zapatón. Project period 2023 to 2026.", "documentKey": "Huetar_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Huetar culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Huetar history and contemporary communities in Costa Rica.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": null, "linkNote": "TLS verification failed; availability undetermined; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://upeace.org/huetar-elders-to-launch-a-book-aimed-at-preserving-customs-and-traditions-of-the-huetar-culture-on-the-upeace-campus/", "title": "University for Peace. Huetar Elders to Launch a Book Aimed at Preserving Customs and Traditions of the Huetar Culture on the Upeace Campus. 15 February 2024. Primary institutional announcement.", "documentKey": "Huetar_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Huetar culture history and timeline", "contextNote": "Huetar history and contemporary communities in Costa Rica.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": null, "linkNote": "TLS verification failed; availability undetermined; availability check only, not content review." } ], "studyKeys": [ "Huetar_Culture_History_and_Timeline" ], "added": false, "slug": "huetar", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CR", "name": "Costa Rica", "key": "cr" } ] }, { "name": "Hughes Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Hughes Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 862; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "hughes-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 137, "name": "Hupa", "region": "California", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Hupa people have homelands in the Trinity River region of northwestern California. The Hoopa Valley Tribe publishes community resources.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Hupa people have homelands in the Trinity River region of northwestern California. The Hoopa Valley Tribe publishes community resources.", "sourceIds": [ "p137-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Hupa language, river relationships, history and contemporary government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p137-s1", "p137-s2", "p137-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p137-s1", "title": "Language Description Heritage - Language Hupa-Chilula", "publisher": "ldh.clld.org", "url": "https://ldh.clld.org/languages/hup", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Language Description Heritage - Language Hupa-Chilula” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p137-s2", "title": "Hupa", "publisher": "cla.berkeley.edu", "url": "https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/hupa.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Hupa” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p137-s3", "title": "Hupa Language and the Hupa Indian Tribe (Hoopa, Chilula-Whilkut)", "publisher": "native-languages.org", "url": "https://www.native-languages.org/hupa.htm", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Hupa Language and the Hupa Indian Tribe (Hoopa, Chilula-Whilkut)” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "researchLeads": [ { "url": "https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/tmdl/records/region_1/2003/ref1981.pdf", "title": "www.waterboards.ca.gov — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/281960/files/indianwarsofnort01bled.pdf", "title": "digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 202, "linkNote": "HTTP 202 response; requested content not confirmed; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://tribalaffairs.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/2002-Early-California-Laws-and-Policies-Related-to-California-I.pdf", "title": "tribalaffairs.ca.gov — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://calindianhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/01_13_1855_Citizens.pdf", "title": "calindianhistory.org — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://calindianhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/02_03_1855_Removal_Indians_HT_2_3.pdf", "title": "calindianhistory.org — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://calindianhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/02_26_1855.pdf", "title": "calindianhistory.org — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.yuroktribe.org/gold-rush-in-yurok-country", "title": "www.yuroktribe.org — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.yuroktribe.org/treaty-negotiations", "title": "www.yuroktribe.org — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.yuroktribe.org/revolts-against-settlers", "title": "www.yuroktribe.org — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.yuroktribe.org/formation-of-reservations", "title": "www.yuroktribe.org — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/0bf92646-d520-44b6-a2cc-d71d614950c1/content", "title": "scholarsbank.uoregon.edu — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": null, "linkNote": "TLS verification failed; availability undetermined; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://yalebooks.yale.edu/2017/05/23/confronting-american-genocide-on-the-california-coast/", "title": "yalebooks.yale.edu — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/US/412/412.US.481.71-1182.html", "title": "law.resource.org — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/ulsg/blogs/grants-dispatch-december-1-2019.htm", "title": "www.nps.gov — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 } ], "studyKeys": [ "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive" ], "added": false, "slug": "hupa", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Hupačasath First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community-government route", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Hupačasath First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community route in the BC Assembly directory. Roster inclusion does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or identity with a broader people label. Government details and relationships remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body, selected exact name and administrative-region label at lines 230-232; explicit BC heading at line 11. Previously readable body inspected October 26, 2026 and reused for this bounded name-only pass. No linked history, ethnicity, territory, photographs or map interaction reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "hupacasath-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 138, "name": "Huron-Wendat", "region": "Québec / Great Lakes", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "This reading route connects Great Lakes histories with Wendake in Québec. Wendake’s current public account uses Nation Wendat and describes community continuity, language renewal and the preservation of its own records.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Huron-Wendat is a nation with histories connected to the Great Lakes and a contemporary community at Wendake in Québec.", "sourceIds": [ "p138-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Wendat-authored history, language, displacement and distinctions from other Wyandot governments. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p138-s1", "p138-s2", "p138-s3" ] }, { "title": "A community speaking in its own name", "text": "Wendake’s account presents a living Nation whose members remain connected wherever they reside. Its language section describes colonial disruption and community-led revitalization involving a Wendat linguist and knowledge holders. These are the Nation’s stated work and priorities, rather than measured language outcomes. The catalogue’s Huron-Wendat label provides a related reading route; it does not make every Wyandot government interchangeable with Wendake.", "sourceIds": [ "c4-wendat-culture" ] }, { "title": "Preserving memory through community institutions", "text": "The Centre d’archives dates its establishment to 1996, following a decision to bring historical and administrative records together. Its account treats oral memory and written records as complementary. The centre describes collecting, conserving and sharing institutional and private collections under access conditions. This public introduction opens a route into community history; the archived originals themselves have not been read here.", "sourceIds": [ "c4-wendat-archives" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p138-s1", "title": "Huron-Wendat | Law Library", "publisher": "jackmanlaw.utoronto.ca", "url": "https://jackmanlaw.utoronto.ca/library/indigenous-perspectives/huron-wendat", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Huron-Wendat | Law Library” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p138-s2", "title": "A History of Language and Revival in the Wendat and Wyandot(te) Nations, 1534-2023", "publisher": "harvest.usask.ca", "url": "https://harvest.usask.ca/items/bb55745d-6e1d-4448-b892-067ae0150389", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "History" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “A History of Language and Revival in the Wendat and Wyandot(te) Nations, 1534-2023” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p138-s3", "title": "A HISTORY OF LANGUAGE AND REVIVAL IN THE WENDAT & WYANDOT(TE)", "publisher": "harvest.usask.ca", "url": "https://harvest.usask.ca/bitstreams/3e3ec7be-3f9d-433a-9302-56f3f815612d/download", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "History" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “A HISTORY OF LANGUAGE AND REVIVAL IN THE WENDAT & WYANDOT(TE)” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "c4-wendat-culture", "title": "Histoire & culture", "publisher": "Conseil de la Nation Wendat / Wendake", "url": "https://www.wendake.ca/histoire-et-culture", "type": "Indigenous-led / community-published", "topics": [ "Names", "Community", "Language revitalization" ], "annotation": "The Nation’s account of community continuity and language renewal. Its present self-description is scoped to Wendake; population totals and broad historical influence claims are excluded.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual selected French body read: Notre communauté paragraphs (web lines31–36), language/transmission and revitalization paragraphs170–181. Introductory institutional context also read. Creation narrative, craft placeholder text, territorial measurements, population figures and claims of influence on Canadian/U.S. political systems are not synthesized. Linked language pages, recordings and underlying research were not opened.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceUnitKey": "wendake-histoire-et-culture", "publicationDate": "Undated; site footer and crawl dates are not publication dates", "accessNotes": "Public HTML actual selected body text read; linked documents and media are outside this inspection." }, { "id": "c4-wendat-archives", "title": "Centre d’archives du Conseil de la Nation Wendat", "publisher": "Conseil de la Nation Wendat / Wendake", "url": "https://www.wendake.ca/etablissements/centre-darchives", "type": "Indigenous-led / community-published", "topics": [ "Archives", "Public history", "Community institutions" ], "annotation": "The community’s explanation of its archive, collecting and access responsibilities. Read as institutional self-description; collection descriptions do not mean the original documents were inspected.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual French institutional introduction28–29, Notre histoire76–80 and Notre engagement85–88 read. Selected collection descriptions95–123 and public consultation/reproduction descriptions173–189 also read for limits. No private files, family records, catalogue originals, treaty manuscript or linked consultation service used.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceUnitKey": "wendake-centre-archives", "publicationDate": "Undated; site footer and crawl dates are not publication dates", "accessNotes": "Public HTML actual selected body text read; linked documents and media are outside this inspection." } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 436 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "overviewSourceIds": [ "c4-wendat-culture", "c4-wendat-archives" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "researchGaps": [ "Compare the histories of Wendake and the different Wyandot communities through their own authors; related names do not establish one contemporary government.", "The previously linked language-revival thesis and its download remain unread. They represent one potential scholarly work, not two inspected works.", "Underlying community records, language teaching resources and independent evidence of revitalization outcomes remain unreviewed; no present speaker totals are asserted.", "A dated naming-policy instrument has not been reviewed. The current site’s Nation Wendat wording is reported without assigning a legal rename date." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded starting path from selected public community accounts; chronology, wider voices and underlying records remain to be reviewed.", "remainingLimits": [ "Compare the histories of Wendake and the different Wyandot communities through their own authors; related names do not establish one contemporary government.", "The previously linked language-revival thesis and its download remain unread. They represent one potential scholarly work, not two inspected works.", "Underlying community records, language teaching resources and independent evidence of revitalization outcomes remain unreviewed; no present speaker totals are asserted.", "A dated naming-policy instrument has not been reviewed. The current site’s Nation Wendat wording is reported without assigning a legal rename date." ] }, "startingGuide": { "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "batchId": "starter-guides-04", "purpose": "A short source-led starting path; detailed research remains unfinished.", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c4-wendat-culture", "reason": "Begin with Wendake’s account of community continuity and the selected language-renewal paragraphs." }, { "sourceId": "c4-wendat-archives", "reason": "Then read how the Nation preserves its records and defines access responsibilities." } ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "imageRecordId": "huronwendat-moccasins-met-1850" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "added": false, "slug": "huronwendat", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-QC", "name": "Quebec", "key": "ca-qc" } ] }, { "name": "Huslia Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Huslia Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 864; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "huslia-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Huu-ay-aht First Nations", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community-government route", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Huu-ay-aht First Nations has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community route in the BC Assembly directory. Roster inclusion does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or identity with a broader people label. Government details and relationships remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body, selected exact name and administrative-region label at lines 234-235; explicit BC heading at line 11. Previously readable body inspected October 26, 2026 and reused for this bounded name-only pass. No linked history, ethnicity, territory, photographs or map interaction reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "huuayaht-first-nations", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Hydaburg Cooperative Association", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Hydaburg Cooperative Association has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 866; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "hydaburg-cooperative-association", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Igiugig Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Igiugig Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 868; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "igiugig-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Illinois (Illiniwek)", "region": "Great Lakes / Mississippi Valley", "kind": "Historical confederation", "overview": "Illinois or Illiniwek refers to a historical grouping of related peoples of the Illinois Country, rather than one present-day government.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Illinois or Illiniwek refers to a historical grouping of related peoples of the Illinois Country, rather than one present-day government.", "sourceIds": [ "p140-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "Forced removals carried Illinois descendants west; the Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma continues this history through its constituent peoples.", "sourceIds": [ "p140-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The Peoria Tribe’s own historical and cultural writing should accompany the Illinois State Museum’s archive, whose population figures reflect an earlier publication.", "sourceIds": [ "p140-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p140-s1", "url": "https://museum.state.il.us/muslink/nat_amer/post/htmls/il.html", "title": "Native Americans: The Illinois", "publisher": "Illinois State Museum", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 289 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 140, "added": false, "slug": "illinois-illiniwek", "regionGroups": [ "Great Lakes", "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AR", "name": "Arkansas", "key": "us-ar" }, { "id": "US-IL", "name": "Illinois", "key": "us-il" }, { "id": "US-IA", "name": "Iowa", "key": "us-ia" }, { "id": "US-MO", "name": "Missouri", "key": "us-mo" } ] }, { "name": "Indian Canyon Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Contemporary Indigenous community", "region": "California", "overview": "Indian Canyon Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "The community site identifies Indian Canyon with Ohlone people and names Indian Canyon Nation in its documentary link. The Smithsonian roster separately names Indian Canyon Nation and Costanoan Indian Research together; this does not establish them as interchangeable legal entities.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://indiancanyonlife.org/about/", "publisher": "Indian Canyon community website", "scope": "About-page Ohlone community/place identification, California setting and linked documentary title naming Indian Canyon Nation only. Documentary not viewed; legal-status, ceremony and access claims not adopted.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "inspectedLines": "13-16, 21-25", "access": "Public HTML actually read; identity-only selected content", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/california-missions/recommended-resources/", "publisher": "Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian", "scope": "Regional community roster, Ohlone and Esselen heading and named entries only. Its own note says the list is not comprehensive. No claim that every listed organization is a distinct people or one government.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "inspectedLines": "226-227, 310-322", "access": "Public HTML actually read; identity-only selected content", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 263 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "indian-canyon-nation", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [] }, { "name": "Innu", "region": "Québec / Labrador", "kind": "People", "overview": "Innu communities live in Québec and Labrador. Innu-aimun is distinct from the Inuit languages; Innu and Inuit are different peoples.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Innu communities live in Québec and Labrador. Innu-aimun is distinct from the Inuit languages; Innu and Inuit are different peoples.", "sourceIds": [ "p141-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "Hunting, fishing, gathering, and later trapping shaped land-based life; forestry, mining, and hydroelectric projects transformed settlement and access to territory.", "sourceIds": [ "p141-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "Labrador’s Innu Nation represents Sheshatshiu and Mushuau Innu First Nations. Its institutional history gives a community perspective on political organization.", "sourceIds": [ "p141-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p141-s1", "url": "https://www.quebec.ca/en/government/quebec-at-a-glance/first-nations-and-inuit/profile-of-the-nations/innu", "title": "Innu", "publisher": "Gouvernement du Québec", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p141-s2", "url": "https://innunationelection.com/about/", "title": "About — Innu Nation", "publisher": "Innu Nation", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 239 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 141, "added": false, "slug": "innu", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-QC", "name": "Quebec", "key": "ca-qc" } ] }, { "name": "Inuit", "region": "Arctic / Alaska / Canada / Greenland", "kind": "Umbrella people", "overview": "Inuit communities extend across the Arctic. Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami provides an Inuit-led introduction focused specifically on Inuit Nunangat in Canada.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Inuit communities extend across the Arctic. Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami provides an Inuit-led introduction focused specifically on Inuit Nunangat in Canada.", "sourceIds": [ "p142-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "ITK’s Our 5000 Year Heritage connects Arctic history, environmental knowledge, colonial disruption, land claims, and self-government.", "sourceIds": [ "p142-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "Regional identities and governments require separate study. Canadian national organizations do not speak for every Inuit community in Alaska or Greenland.", "sourceIds": [ "p142-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p142-s1", "url": "https://itk.ca/", "title": "Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami", "publisher": "Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p142-s2", "url": "https://www.itk.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/5000YearHeritage_0.pdf", "title": "Our 5000 Year Heritage", "publisher": "Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 139, 143 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 142, "relationshipNote": "A broad people and cultural region; Iñupiat and Inuvialuit entries provide regional perspectives.", "added": false, "slug": "inuit", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska", "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "GL", "name": "Greenland", "key": "gl" }, { "id": "CA-NL", "name": "Newfoundland and Labrador", "key": "ca-nl" }, { "id": "CA-NT", "name": "Northwest Territories", "key": "ca-nt" }, { "id": "CA-NU", "name": "Nunavut", "key": "ca-nu" }, { "id": "CA-QC", "name": "Quebec", "key": "ca-qc" } ] }, { "name": "Iñupiat", "region": "Alaska / Arctic", "kind": "People", "overview": "Iñupiat homelands include northern Alaska; the Iñupiat Heritage Center in Utqiaġvik introduces North Slope history and cultural knowledge.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Iñupiat homelands include northern Alaska; the Iñupiat Heritage Center in Utqiaġvik introduces North Slope history and cultural knowledge.", "sourceIds": [ "p139-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "Bowhead whaling connects community subsistence, knowledge, and collective work across generations; commercial whaling brought major changes in the nineteenth century.", "sourceIds": [ "p139-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The North Slope Borough’s heritage department supports language, archives, museums, and cultural revitalization. Its resources provide a local starting point.", "sourceIds": [ "p139-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p139-s1", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/locations/alaska/native-heritage-inup.htm", "title": "Alaska Native Heritage and the Iñupiat Heritage Center", "publisher": "National Park Service", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p139-s2", "url": "https://www.north-slope.org/departments/inupiat-history-language-culture/", "title": "Iñupiat History Language & Culture", "publisher": "North Slope Borough", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 142, 143 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 139, "added": false, "slug": "inupiat", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Inuvialuit", "region": "Western Canadian Arctic", "kind": "Regional Inuit people", "overview": "Inuvialuit means “the real people.” Communities lie in the western Canadian Arctic, including the Mackenzie Delta and Beaufort Sea region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Inuvialuit means “the real people.” Communities lie in the western Canadian Arctic, including the Mackenzie Delta and Beaufort Sea region.", "sourceIds": [ "p143-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "The Inuvialuit Regional Corporation’s Taimani timeline traces long-standing land relationships, colonial change, and the negotiation and implementation of the Inuvialuit Final Agreement.", "sourceIds": [ "p143-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "IRC publishes oral histories and supports cultural transmission. Its resources connect historical experiences with present communities and Inuvialuktun language.", "sourceIds": [ "p143-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p143-s1", "url": "https://irc.inuvialuit.com/about-irc/culture/", "title": "Culture", "publisher": "Inuvialuit Regional Corporation", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p143-s2", "url": "https://irc.inuvialuit.com/documents/taimani-at-that-time-inuvialuit-timeline-visual-guide/", "title": "Taimani — At That Time", "publisher": "Inuvialuit Regional Corporation", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 142 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 143, "added": false, "slug": "inuvialuit", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-NT", "name": "Northwest Territories", "key": "ca-nt" } ] }, { "name": "Iowa (Ioway)", "region": "Great Plains / Kansas / Nebraska / Oklahoma", "kind": "People", "overview": "Ioway people continue through distinct tribal governments, including the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska and the Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Ioway people continue through distinct tribal governments, including the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska and the Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma.", "sourceIds": [ "p144-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "The Kansas–Nebraska reservation crosses a state boundary imposed in 1854; its present boundaries followed the treaty of 1861.", "sourceIds": [ "p144-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The Oklahoma tribal guide supplies a second, distinct community history, with removal and treaty chronology. Neither government represents every Ioway person.", "sourceIds": [ "p144-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p144-s1", "url": "https://iowatribeofkansasandnebraska.com/about-us/", "title": "About Us", "publisher": "Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p144-s2", "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/content/dam/ok/en/osde/documents/resources/american-indian-education/Iowa%20Nation%20Tribal%20Guide%20no%20standards.pdf", "title": "Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma History Timeline", "publisher": "Oklahoma State Department of Education", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 272 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 144, "added": false, "slug": "iowa-ioway", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-KS", "name": "Kansas", "key": "us-ks" } ] }, { "name": "Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Oklahoma", "overview": "Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "iowa-tribe-of-oklahoma", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "name": "Iqugmiut Traditional Council", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Iqugmiut Traditional Council has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 872; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "iqugmiut-traditional-council", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Iskut", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community-government route", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Iskut has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community route in the BC Assembly directory. Roster inclusion does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or identity with a broader people label. Government details and relationships remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body, selected exact name and administrative-region label at lines 237-239; explicit BC heading at line 11. Previously readable body inspected October 26, 2026 and reused for this bounded name-only pass. No linked history, ethnicity, territory, photographs or map interaction reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "iskut", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Isleta Pueblo", "region": "New Mexico / Rio Grande", "kind": "Pueblo nation", "overview": "Isleta Pueblo is a living Pueblo community and tribal government in New Mexico. Begin with the Pueblo’s own introduction.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Isleta Pueblo is a living Pueblo community and tribal government in New Mexico. Begin with the Pueblo’s own introduction.", "sourceIds": [ "p145-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "A fuller history should connect the community’s own account with records of colonial rule, land, and continuity, rather than treating a mission as its origin.", "sourceIds": [ "p145-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The government website provides departmental and community information. This entry is an initial source guide; a fuller cited historical synthesis remains to be developed.", "sourceIds": [ "p145-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p145-s1", "url": "https://www.isletapueblo.com/about-us/", "title": "About Us", "publisher": "Pueblo of Isleta", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p145-s2", "url": "https://www.isletapueblo.com/", "title": "Pueblo of Isleta", "publisher": "Pueblo of Isleta", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 310, 386 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 145, "added": false, "slug": "isleta-pueblo", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] }, { "name": "Itza Maya", "region": "Petén, Guatemala", "kind": "Maya people", "overview": "The Itza’ linguistic community’s institutional home is San José, Petén, within the contemporary Maya world of northern Guatemala.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "The Itza’ linguistic community’s institutional home is San José, Petén, within the contemporary Maya world of northern Guatemala.", "sourceIds": [ "p146-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "ALMG publishes Maya Itza’ literature and language materials; these are useful sources for studying continuity beyond archaeological accounts of ancient Maya cities.", "sourceIds": [ "p146-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "In October 2026, San José reported completion of a two-year teacher-training program coordinated with ALMG to strengthen Maya Itza’ teaching.", "sourceIds": [ "p146-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p146-s1", "url": "https://www.sicultura.gob.gt/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/LiteraturaMayaItza2022.pdf", "title": "Literatura Maya Itza’ 2022", "publisher": "Academia de las Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p146-s2", "url": "https://munisanjosepeten.gob.gt/2026/10/12/docentes-de-san-jose-y-san-andres-culminan-diplomado-de-dos-anos-para-el-fortalecimiento-y-rescate-del-idioma-maya-itza/", "title": "Docentes culminan diplomado para el idioma Maya Itzá", "publisher": "Municipalidad de San José", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 202 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 146, "added": false, "slug": "itza-maya", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "GT", "name": "Guatemala", "key": "gt" } ] }, { "name": "Ivanof Bay Tribe", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Ivanof Bay Tribe has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 874; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "ivanof-bay-tribe", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Ixcateco", "region": "Oaxaca, Mexico", "kind": "People", "overview": "Ixcateco communities are associated with Santa María Ixcatlán in Oaxaca’s Mixteca Alta.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Ixcateco communities are associated with Santa María Ixcatlán in Oaxaca’s Mixteca Alta.", "sourceIds": [ "p147-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "The Ixcateco language, xwja, belongs to the Oto-Manguean family and Popolocan branch; INPI documents its severe endangerment.", "sourceIds": [ "p147-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "INPI’s learning materials and historical radio recordings provide access to language documentation. Language endangerment should not be equated with the disappearance of a people.", "sourceIds": [ "p147-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p147-s1", "url": "https://catalogo.inpi.gob.mx/ixcateco/", "title": "Pueblo Ixcateco", "publisher": "INPI", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p147-s2", "url": "https://www.gob.mx/inpi/es/articulos/aprende-ixcateco-de-santa-maria-ixcatlan-oaxaca", "title": "Aprende Ixcateco de Santa María Ixcatlán, Oaxaca", "publisher": "INPI", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 147, "added": false, "slug": "ixcateco", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "Ixil", "region": "Guatemala / southern Mexico", "kind": "Maya people", "overview": "Ixil people originate in the northwestern highlands of Guatemala’s Quiché department; Ixil communities also live in Mexico.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Ixil people originate in the northwestern highlands of Guatemala’s Quiché department; Ixil communities also live in Mexico.", "sourceIds": [ "p148-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "INPI’s account follows migration and the reconstitution of communities across the Guatemala–Mexico border, especially during periods of violence.", "sourceIds": [ "p148-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "Ixil is a distinct Mayan language closely related to Awakateko. The language page complements the ethnography and helps distinguish people, language, and locality.", "sourceIds": [ "p148-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p148-s1", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/ixiles-etnografia/", "title": "Ixiles — Etnografía", "publisher": "INPI", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p148-s2", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/ixiles-lengua/", "title": "Ixiles — Lengua", "publisher": "INPI", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 202, 25 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 148, "added": false, "slug": "ixil", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico", "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "Jakaltek", "region": "Huehuetenango, Guatemala / Chiapas, Mexico", "kind": "Maya people", "overview": "Jakalteko-Popti’ is a community self-designation; this Maya people has communities in Guatemala and Chiapas.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Jakalteko-Popti’ is a community self-designation; this Maya people has communities in Guatemala and Chiapas.", "sourceIds": [ "p149-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "INPI identifies settlements in Frontera Comalapa, Amatenango de la Frontera, and Bella Vista, including Guadalupe Victoria.", "sourceIds": [ "p149-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The language source introduces Jakalteko-Popti’. INPI’s linked marimba recordings offer another way to encounter living cultural expression.", "sourceIds": [ "p149-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p149-s1", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/jakaltekos-etnografia/", "title": "Jakaltekos — Etnografía", "publisher": "INPI", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p149-s2", "url": "https://www.gob.mx/inpi/articulos/musica-de-marimba-de-los-pueblos-jakalteko-y-chuj-de-chiapas-grabacion-en-linea?idiom=es", "title": "Música de marimba de los pueblos jakalteko y chuj", "publisher": "INPI", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 202 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 149, "preferredName": "Jakalteko / Popti’", "added": false, "slug": "jakaltek", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico", "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "Jemez Pueblo", "region": "New Mexico", "kind": "Pueblo nation", "overview": "The Pueblo of Jemez, Walatowa, is a sovereign nation in north-central New Mexico, northwest of Albuquerque.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "The Pueblo of Jemez, Walatowa, is a sovereign nation in north-central New Mexico, northwest of Albuquerque.", "sourceIds": [ "p150-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "Gisewa, an ancestral Jemez village, endured missionization, forced labor, and religious suppression; its history connects with the Pueblo Revolt of 1680.", "sourceIds": [ "p150-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The Pueblo identifies Towa language and cultural continuity as central to community life. The historic site’s exhibits include Jemez perspectives.", "sourceIds": [ "p150-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p150-s1", "url": "https://www.jemezpueblo.org/about/", "title": "About Jemez Pueblo", "publisher": "Pueblo of Jemez", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p150-s2", "url": "https://www.nmhistoricsites.dca.nm.gov/jemez/history/", "title": "Jemez Historic Site — History", "publisher": "New Mexico Historic Sites", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 285, 396 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 150, "added": false, "slug": "jemez-pueblo", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] }, { "name": "Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Mexico", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "New Mexico", "overview": "Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Mexico has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "jicarilla-apache-nation-new-mexico", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] }, { "name": "Juaneño (Acjachemen)", "region": "Southern California", "kind": "People", "overview": "Acjachemen is a community name used alongside the mission-era name Juaneño. Multiple contemporary Acjachemen organizations and families require careful representation.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Acjachemen is a community name used alongside the mission-era name Juaneño. Multiple contemporary Acjachemen organizations and families require careful representation.", "sourceIds": [ "p152-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "The Orange County education resource frames Acjachemen history and cultural places as an ongoing local heritage.", "sourceIds": [ "p152-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The tribal website is an Indigenous starting point. A fuller profile should compare community accounts and explain naming without presenting mission history as the beginning.", "sourceIds": [ "p152-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p152-s1", "url": "http://www.juaneno.com/", "title": "Juaneño Band of Mission Indians, Acjachemen Nation", "publisher": "Acjachemen Nation", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 152, "preferredName": "Acjachemen", "added": false, "slug": "juaneno-acjachemen", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Jumano", "region": "Texas / New Mexico / northern Mexico", "kind": "Historical identity / living descendants", "overview": "Spanish and later sources used “Jumano” for peoples across Texas, New Mexico, and adjacent northern Mexico. Scholars disagree whether it named one distinct people, several groups, or a broader label; contemporary Jumano community accounts describe living descendants. This profile keeps historical classifications and present-day community identity separate.", "sections": [ { "title": "A historical name with contested scope", "text": "Historical materials used “Jumano” across more than one region and context. Nancy P. Hickerson’s distinct-trading-people interpretation appears in both her Handbook of Texas article and later scholarship, while older and other scholarly models proposed a broad Spanish label or linguistic connections to different peoples. Studies also disagree about whether particular Jumano groups were distinct from, related to, or interdependent with settled Patarabueye communities at La Junta. The Texas Beyond History exhibit and Bradley Folsom’s regional summary describe trade and mutual dependence while retaining cultural distinctions; these interpretations draw on inconsistent colonial names and should not be collapsed into one settled identity for every group. A National Park Service visitor page describes Gran Quivira at its peak as home to “eastern Tompiro/Jumano people” and as a Plains–Pueblo crossroads. Because this short public-history page gives no underlying citations and uses a combined label, it is useful evidence of a modern institutional summary, not proof that Tompiro and Jumano were interchangeable.", "sourceIds": [ "p151-s3", "p151-s4", "p151-s6", "p151-s9", "p151-s15", "p151-s16", "p151-s17", "p151-s23", "p151-s24", "p151-s25" ] }, { "title": "Trade, diplomacy, and a changing borderlands", "text": "Historical syntheses describe Jumano travel and trade linking the South Plains, lower Pecos, Rio Grande, New Mexico, and communities farther east. They report exchanges with Pueblo, La Junta, and Caddo communities and diplomacy associated with Juan Sabeata. Robert Weddle’s biography of Juan Domínguez de Mendoza describes Sabeata’s appeal and the 1683–84 expedition; route reconstructions and the proposed location of San Clemente remain disputed. The accounts were produced in colonial settings, and their place names, population figures, and ethnic labels require attribution rather than treatment as settled facts.", "sourceIds": [ "p151-s3", "p151-s4", "p151-s5", "p151-s6", "p151-s13", "p151-s15", "p151-s16", "p151-s17", "p151-s21", "p151-s22" ] }, { "title": "La Junta was a crossroads, not a single people", "text": "La Junta de los Ríos, near the Río Conchos–Río Grande confluence, was a region of settled villages and movement among different communities. The Texas Beyond History exhibit distinguishes villagers described by Spanish sources as Conchos, Patarabueyes, or Amotomancos from Jumano traders and visitors, and explains how translation and later illustrations have sometimes blurred those categories. Bradley Folsom’s regional article presents a later interpretation of Jumano and Patarabueye communities as mutually dependent while culturally distinct. These are interpretations of incomplete written records and archaeological evidence; the confluence should not be assigned to a single people.", "sourceIds": [ "p151-s6", "p151-s9", "p151-s13", "p151-s15", "p151-s16", "p151-s21", "p151-s22", "p151-s23", "p151-s24" ] }, { "title": "What the colonial record can—and cannot—show", "text": "Most historical works in this collection rely on Spanish colonial documents, translated accounts, or later scholarly syntheses. Such sources describe encounters, trade, missions, and conflict, but they were written by outsiders and use names inconsistently. Two Arizona Historical Indexes records dated August and October 1683 identify correspondence involving Jumanes, Shulimes, and Sabeata and point to archival volumes and translation files. The catalogue summaries are not the letters: the original documents and translations remain unread, so no claims in those summaries are treated as independently verified here. The 1683–84 Mendoza diary is likewise represented by scholarly summaries and a catalogue record, not a direct reading of the manuscript.", "sourceIds": [ "p151-s2", "p151-s5", "p151-s6", "p151-s13", "p151-s14", "p151-s15", "p151-s19", "p151-s21", "p151-s22", "p151-s23", "p151-s24" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and contemporary accounts", "text": "A 2021 local newspaper report records Jumano Nation of Texas historian Felix Bonilla Salmeron describing the nation’s effort to connect with descendants and rejecting the claim that Jumano people disappeared. This is a dated, attributed community perspective reported by a journalist, not a census or an independently verified genealogy. Separately, the Indigenous-led People of La Junta for Preservation describes its descendant communities as including Jumano, Julime, Chisos, Concho, Lipan Apache, and others, and explains its stewardship work at La Junta. That organization’s broader community scope is not interchangeable with the Jumano Nation of Texas.", "sourceIds": [ "p151-s7", "p151-s8", "p151-s12" ] }, { "title": "Reading claims about disappearance and recognition", "text": "Some scholarly summaries say the colonial record stopped identifying Jumano as a distinct people or that their trade networks and political position changed by the eighteenth century. That describes an interpretation of surviving documents, not proof that descendants or living communities disappeared. Contemporary accounts from Jumano Nation of Texas and the separate Indigenous-led People of La Junta for Preservation have their own stated scope and are not interchangeable. Texas House Resolution 1565 is a state expression honoring the Jumano Indian Nation of Texas; its historical assertions and population claim are not independently verified here and it is not a federal recognition decision.", "sourceIds": [ "p151-s1", "p151-s3", "p151-s4", "p151-s7", "p151-s8", "p151-s17" ] }, { "title": "A translated diary is not the whole record", "text": "Brian Imhoff’s comparison of copies and translations of the 1683–84 Mendoza expedition diary argues that some familiar English narratives omit conflict within the expedition. His reading includes testimony that Jumano participants defended a threatened soldier. This is an interpretation of colonial records reproduced in a modern study, not an Atlas inspection of the originals or an unmediated Jumano account. It strengthens caution about translations without resolving the historical identity debate.", "sourceIds": [ "p151-s26" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p151-s1", "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/86R/billtext/html/HR01565F.htm", "title": "HR 1565 — Jumano Indians of Texas", "publisher": "Texas Legislature", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "The enrolled Texas House resolution documents a state legislative expression honoring the Jumano Indian Nation of Texas. Its historical narrative and population claim are not independent verification and it is not a federal recognition decision.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "The enrolled resolution text was read. It is counted as a supporting primary civic record, not as a substantive historical study.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p151-s2", "url": "https://www.archives.gov/files/research/native-americans/communities/desertsouthwest-nativecommunities-guide.pdf", "title": "Native Communities — Desert Southwest Research Guide", "publisher": "National Archives", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "A National Archives finding aid that points researchers toward catalog records. Its brief Jumano note is not a substantive history or current legal-status determination.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "The guide introduction and its Jumano catalog-note row were inspected. Linked catalog records and archival files were not opened.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p151-s3", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/jumano-indians", "title": "Jumano Indians", "publisher": "Texas State Historical Association, Handbook of Texas Online", "author": "Nancy P. Hickerson", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Historical names", "Borderlands", "Trade" ], "publicationDate": "Article date not stated on the accessed page", "annotation": "A substantial scholarly state-history synthesis with a bibliography. It describes several different historical groupings associated with Jumano and reviews documentary geography, trade, and migration. Its conclusion that Jumano ceased to exist as an identifiable distinct people is an interpretation of the surviving colonial record; it does not establish that descendants disappeared.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible article and bibliography were read, including sections on La Junta, Tompiro communities, trade, and the article’s conclusion. The works in its bibliography and original Spanish records were not independently inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p151-s4", "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/trans-p/peoples/jumano.html", "title": "Who Were the Jumano? / Jumano-Spanish Relations", "publisher": "Texas Beyond History", "author": "Nancy A. Kenmotsu; exhibit editor Steve Black", "type": "Academic / educational", "topics": [ "History", "Spanish records", "Diplomacy" ], "publicationDate": "Undated web exhibit; credits cite adaptation from Kenmotsu’s 1994 dissertation and 2001 article", "annotation": "An educational exhibit that synthesizes Spanish accounts of trade, diplomacy, missions, and conflict. Its author explicitly adopts the interpretation that Jumano was a distinct nation. The later statement that Jumano culture was gone and the treatment of biological ‘blood’ are dated outsider interpretations that conflict with contemporary community accounts and should not be presented as established fact.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Both substantive Jumano modules and the credits page were read. The exhibit’s embedded translations and secondary figures were inspected as presented; cited books, dissertation, article, archives, and maps were not independently reviewed.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p151-s5", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/The_Jumano_Indians_in_Texas%2C_1650-1771_%28IA_jumanoindiansint00boltrich%29.pdf", "title": "The Jumano Indians in Texas, 1650–1771", "publisher": "Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association 15, pp. 66–84; scan hosted by Wikimedia Commons from an Internet Archive digitization", "author": "Herbert E. Bolton", "type": "Historical scholarship", "topics": [ "Colonial records", "History", "Texas" ], "publicationDate": "1911", "annotation": "A full, early scholarly article arguing that Jumano groups remained in southern Texas into the eighteenth century and that the name was also applied to Taovayas/Wichita people. Read as a dated intervention in an identity debate, not current consensus. The article contains OCR errors and relies on colonial documents; cited manuscript originals were not inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "The complete 26-page scan was inspected across the introduction, Nueces geography, 1683–1716 records, Apache alliances, and the 1771 Taovayas discussion. Original manuscript sources and other works Bolton cites were not inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p151-s6", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3998/mpub.11395349", "title": "Jumano and Patarabueye: Relations at La Junta de los Rios", "publisher": "University of Michigan Press / Museum of Anthropological Archaeology; digital edition at JSTOR", "author": "J. Charles Kelley", "type": "Scholarly monograph", "topics": [ "La Junta", "Archaeology", "Historical identity" ], "publicationDate": "1986; digital edition 2020", "annotation": "A specialist monograph compares Jumano and Patarabueye using documentary, linguistic, and archaeological evidence. Kelley’s distinctions and proposed correlations are scholarly interpretations, not settled ethnic identifications. Full institutional access is required; only the page metadata, chapter structure, and selected displayed excerpts were reviewed.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Displayed excerpts from the introduction and selected chapters on historical data, Jumano identity, archaeology, and summary were read. JSTOR reported that the signed-in account lacked institutional access. The complete 201-page book was not inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p151-s7", "url": "https://bigbendsentinel.com/2021/07/14/historian-discusses-history-of-the-jumano-nation/", "title": "Historian discusses history of the Jumano nation", "publisher": "Big Bend Sentinel", "author": "Big Bend Sentinel staff report", "type": "Journalism / contemporary community perspective", "topics": [ "Contemporary community", "Oral history", "West Texas" ], "publicationDate": "July 14, 2021", "annotation": "A local report on a public talk by Jumano Nation of Texas members, including historian Felix Bonilla Salmeron. His statements about continuing Jumano identity and descendant-search efforts are attributed to him; the article is not an independent demographic or genealogical study.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible article body was read, including its direct quotations and image credit. A sign-in interface appeared below the story; the body was accessible without bypassing it. No underlying talk recording or independent genealogical evidence was inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p151-s8", "url": "https://www.peopleoflajunta.org/", "title": "Preserving Our Ancestral Lands", "publisher": "People of La Junta for Preservation", "type": "Indigenous-led", "indigenousLed": true, "topics": [ "Living communities", "La Junta", "Stewardship" ], "publicationDate": "Current site reviewed October 23, 2026; individual page date not stated", "annotation": "The organization describes its work and identifies Jumano among several descendant communities connected to La Junta. This is a first-party community self-description about its own broader community and stewardship; it does not establish that the organization is the Jumano Nation of Texas or speaks for all Jumano people.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "The visible homepage was read, including its self-description as Indigenous-led, named descendant communities, and discussion of current stewardship. The other named communities and individual family histories were not independently assessed.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p151-s9", "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/junta/reconsidered.html", "title": "La Junta Reconsidered", "publisher": "Texas Beyond History", "author": "Jefferson Morgenthaler and collaborators; author byline not shown on page", "type": "Archaeology / educational synthesis", "topics": [ "La Junta", "Archaeology", "Historical identity" ], "publicationDate": "Undated web exhibit; page references Morgenthaler’s 2007 book", "annotation": "A separate educational synthesis about La Junta’s archaeology and changing interpretations. It explains why Jumano cannot simply stand for everyone who lived at or visited the confluence, and summarizes Kelley, Kenmotsu, and Morgenthaler models. Its statements about the disappearance of Native groups are attributed historical interpretations, not proof that descendant communities no longer exist.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible La Junta Reconsidered page was read, including its treatment of competing models and research limits. Cited books, archival material, and underlying archaeological data were not independently inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p151-s10", "url": "https://utpress.utexas.edu/9780292789753/", "title": "The Jumanos: Hunters and Traders of the South Plains", "publisher": "University of Texas Press", "author": "Nancy Parrott Hickerson", "type": "Publisher description / further reading", "topics": [ "History", "Trade", "Further reading" ], "publicationDate": "1994; digital edition", "annotation": "Publisher description and chapter list for Hickerson’s full-length scholarly study. The book itself was not read in this update; the publisher summary is not counted as a substantive inspection.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the publisher description, author information and chapter listing on the EPUB record and checked the supplied print ISBN page. These are product records for the same 1994 monograph; the book itself was not accessed or counted.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p151-s11", "url": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/jar.44.3.3630262", "title": "The Linguistic Position of Jumano", "publisher": "Journal of Anthropological Research / University of Chicago Press", "author": "Nancy P. Hickerson", "type": "Scholarly article abstract / further reading", "topics": [ "Language history", "Scholarly debate" ], "publicationDate": "1988", "annotation": "The abstract summarizes Hickerson’s argument for a Tanoan connection and records competing linguistic affiliations. The full article requires subscription, institutional access, or purchase and was not inspected; no linguistic conclusion is adopted from the abstract alone.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "The abstract, publication metadata, and displayed access terms were read. The complete article was not accessed.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p151-s12", "url": "https://www.humanitiestexas.org/news/articles/around-state-meet-jumano-nation-marfa-lights-festival", "title": "Around the State: Meet the Jumano Nation at Marfa Lights Festival", "publisher": "Humanities Texas", "type": "Public humanities / event record", "topics": [ "Contemporary community", "Public education" ], "publicationDate": "2021", "annotation": "A public humanities event notice identifies Jumano Nation members and their roles in a 2021 community-history program. It corroborates the event and names, not the historical claims or legal status in its summary.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible event notice, date, participant names and roles, program purpose, and photographer credit were read. No event recording or presentation materials were inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p151-s13", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/dominguez-de-mendoza-juan", "title": "Domínguez de Mendoza, Juan", "publisher": "Texas State Historical Association, Handbook of Texas Online", "author": "Robert S. Weddle", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Expeditions", "Juan Sabeata", "Colonial records" ], "publicationDate": "Article date not stated on the accessed page", "annotation": "A scholarly biographical entry on Domínguez de Mendoza and the 1683–84 expedition. It describes Jumano leader Juan Sabeata’s appeal and the expedition toward La Junta, while noting disagreement over routes and the proposed San Clemente location. This is a secondary synthesis of colonial records, not the expedition diary itself.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "The complete visible article and its bibliography were read. The cited expedition diary, archival manuscripts, and competing archaeological route studies were not independently inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p151-s14", "url": "https://open.uapress.arizona.edu/read/indian-assimilation-in-the-franciscan-area-of-nueva-vizcaya/section/4ed964b7-a798-4941-9e7d-88ab51aef992", "title": "Indian Assimilation in the Franciscan Area of Nueva Vizcaya — “Historical Sketch of the Conchería”", "publisher": "University of Arizona Press", "author": "William B. Griffen", "type": "Scholarly book chapter", "topics": [ "Conchería", "Colonial records", "Regional context" ], "publicationDate": "1979; open-access digital edition published 2022", "annotation": "A regional historical study drawing on Spanish documentary material for Chihuahua and the southern borderlands. Its section on the Conchería gives useful context for named groups and La Junta, but is not a Jumano-specific account. Its period language about assimilation or disappearance is an author’s interpretation of colonial records, not evidence that descendants ceased to exist.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "The full online section “Historical Sketch of the Conchería,” online pages 4–24, was read, including its discussion of named groups and cited archival passages. The rest of the book and the archival records cited within it were not independently inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p151-s15", "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/junta/encounters.html", "title": "Early Encounters, 1535–1714 (La Junta de los Ríos exhibit)", "publisher": "Texas Beyond History / Texas Archeological Research Laboratory", "author": "William A. (Andy) Cloud, Steve Black, and Jennifer Piehl; additional writing by Carly Whelan and David Hill", "type": "Academic / public-history exhibit", "topics": [ "La Junta", "Spanish accounts", "Trade and diplomacy" ], "publicationDate": "December 17, 2007", "annotation": "A detailed exhibit chapter that distinguishes settled La Junta communities from Jumano visitors and traders, and discusses translation problems, Spanish slave raids, diplomacy, and Juan Sabeata. Its statements are an educational synthesis of secondary literature and translated colonial accounts; the underlying manuscripts and archaeology are not independently verified here. The page itself cautions that historic group names and localities can be difficult to match.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "The complete visible chapter, map and illustration captions, and author/credit material were read. Cited translations and archaeological studies were not independently inspected. Historic maps embedded in the exhibit were not inspected as map objects or reviewed for reuse; no map was added to the Atlas.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p151-s16", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/la-junta-de-los-rios", "title": "La Junta de los Ríos", "publisher": "Texas State Historical Association, Handbook of Texas Online", "author": "Bradley Folsom", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "La Junta", "Patarabueye", "Regional history" ], "publicationDate": "Original entry 1952; revision dated August 25, 2023", "annotation": "A regional history of the Río Conchos–Río Grande confluence. It summarizes scholarship that treats Jumano and Patarabueye communities as either related or distinct partners, and presents a mutualistic relationship as a later interpretation. The page is useful for orientation but compresses a complex debate; its claims should be read alongside the specialist work it cites.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible entry and bibliography were read, including discussion of Cabeza de Vaca, later Spanish expeditions, missions, and debated Jumano–Patarabueye relations. The cited dissertations, books, and Spanish records were not independently inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p151-s17", "url": "https://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.na.053.html", "title": "Jumanos", "publisher": "University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Encyclopedia of the Great Plains", "author": "Nancy Parrott Hickerson", "type": "Scholarly encyclopedia", "topics": [ "Historical identity", "Language hypotheses", "Trade" ], "publicationDate": "2011", "annotation": "A concise scholarly overview presenting competing proposals about Jumano identity, language, and regional history. It offers a useful synthesis of an earlier scholarly debate but uses dated language about the people having vanished from the record. That wording describes the author’s reading of colonial documentation and cannot establish disappearance of descendants or present communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "The complete visible encyclopedia entry and its bibliography were read. The cited monograph, articles, archival records, and linguistic evidence were not independently inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p151-s18", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/sapu/learn/historyculture/maria-de-agreda.htm", "title": "María de Ágreda", "publisher": "National Park Service, Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument", "type": "Government / park history", "topics": [ "Gran Quivira", "Mission history", "Colonial-era narratives" ], "publicationDate": "Updated April 24, 2025", "annotation": "A park-history page recounting reports that María de Ágreda visited Jumano communities and encouraged mission requests. The page presents the “Lady in Blue” story as a historical narrative, while its own wording includes “is said” and “was reported”; it is useful as an example of how the story is explained at a mission site, not independent proof of the reported visits or a general Jumano history.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible article and image captions/credits were read. The underlying Franciscan reports, mission records, and community perspectives on this narrative were not independently examined.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p151-s19", "url": "https://uamr.lib.arizona.edu/item/224814", "title": "Diary of Juan Domínguez de Mendoza of an expedition into eastern New Spain and Texas", "publisher": "University of Arizona, Arizona Historical Indexes", "author": "Juan Domínguez de Mendoza (manuscript author; catalogue record) ", "type": "Archival finding aid / supporting reference", "topics": [ "Primary-source locator", "Juan Sabeata", "Spanish expedition" ], "publicationDate": "December 15, 1683–June 14, 1684 (catalogue dates for manuscript)", "annotation": "A catalogue record describing a 28-page Spanish expedition diary and summarizing mentions of Jumano leader Juan Labeata, other named communities, and Apache conflict. This is a locator and catalogue abstract, not the diary itself; the manuscript was not read and the record’s summary is not counted as independent primary-source evidence.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible catalogue record, summary, listed people and places, language, and archival location were read. The original 28-page Spanish manuscript held at the Dolph Briscoe Center for American History was not accessed.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p151-s20", "url": "https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsresearch/315/", "title": "Review of The Jumanos: Hunters and Traders of the South Plains", "publisher": "Great Plains Research / University of Nebraska–Lincoln Digital Commons", "author": "Yasuhide Kawashima", "type": "Book-review record / supporting reference", "topics": [ "Further reading", "Scholarly debate" ], "publicationDate": "May 1997", "annotation": "The repository record identifies a published review of Nancy Parrott Hickerson’s book and its abstract summarizes the reviewer’s account of Hickerson’s distinct-people thesis. Only the record and abstract were inspected; the review text was not read, so this is a further-reading lead rather than a substantive content check.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Repository metadata and the complete visible abstract were read. The linked review document was not opened or inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p151-s21", "title": "Antonio de Otermín, Carta sobre relaciones con los indios jumanes y shulimes (11 August 1683) — Arizona Historical Indexes", "publisher": "University of Arizona Libraries, Arizona Historical Indexes", "author": "Antonio de Otermín; catalogue summary credited to C. Briggs (1975)", "url": "https://uamr.lib.arizona.edu/item/212388", "type": "Archival catalogue record / primary-source access lead", "topics": [ "1683 Spanish correspondence", "Jumano and Shulime relations", "trade and diplomacy" ], "publicationDate": "Original letter dated August 11, 1683; catalogue record undated", "annotation": "The University of Arizona index identifies a Spanish-language letter about Jumanes and Shulimes, their relations with Spaniards and Apaches, and a request for Spanish assistance. The catalogue points to the archival volume and a separate handwritten English translation in another file. This is a metadata summary, not the letter or translation itself; the contents and the catalogue’s wording have not been checked against the original.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible catalogue record, including author, date, Spanish-language description, archive references and note about a separate translated correspondence file (lines 11–65). The manuscript, typescript and translation were not read.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p151-s22", "title": "Sabeata’s declaration of friendship on behalf of Jumano leaders (20 October 1683) — Arizona Historical Indexes", "publisher": "University of Arizona Libraries, Arizona Historical Indexes", "author": "Domingo Gironza Petris de Cruzate; catalogue summary credited to C. Briggs (1975) and A. Dell’Acqua (1987)", "url": "https://uamr.lib.arizona.edu/item/212387", "type": "Archival catalogue record / primary-source access lead", "topics": [ "Juan Sabeata", "1683 colonial correspondence", "Jumano diplomacy" ], "publicationDate": "Original declaration dated October 20, 1683; catalogue record undated", "annotation": "The catalogue identifies a Spanish colonial record describing Sabeata’s declaration and the archival location of a related English translation. Its summary includes statements about neighboring groups, religion and conflict, but these are not treated here as verified testimony: the underlying document and translation have not been read. The record is useful for locating a primary source and for seeing how an archive indexes it.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible catalogue metadata, including the record’s Spanish title, author, date, English-translation note, archive location and cataloguer summaries (lines 11–81). The underlying manuscript, transcription and translation were not inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p151-s23", "title": "Part-time Farmers: Patarabueyes of La Junta — Texas Beyond History", "publisher": "Texas Beyond History; University of Texas at Austin", "author": "Nancy A. Kenmotsu", "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/trans-p/peoples/farmers.html", "type": "Regional ethnohistorical synthesis / contextual reference", "topics": [ "La Junta de los Ríos", "Patarabueyes and village nations", "Jumano relationships", "colonial nomenclature" ], "publicationDate": "January 2008", "annotation": "This Trans-Pecos exhibit discusses Patarabueye villages and named communities at La Junta, using Spanish records and archaeological context. It states that Jumano groups were friendly with La Junta peoples but less often found there. The page is useful for keeping neighboring and allied peoples distinct; it does not make the Patarabueyes and Jumano interchangeable or establish one identity for all La Junta villages. Its historical interpretations are the author’s synthesis of colonial records and cited scholarship.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible “Part-time Farmers: Patarabueyes of La Junta” page and its credits/source page (including named author and bibliography). The linked scholarship and archival documents were not independently reviewed; illustrations and photographs were not inspected as cultural evidence.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p151-s24", "title": "First Villagers — La Junta de los Ríos exhibit — Texas Beyond History", "publisher": "Texas Beyond History; Center for Big Bend Studies, Sul Ross State University", "author": "William A. Cloud, Steve Black and Jennifer Piehl; additional contributors named in the credits", "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/junta/villagers.html", "type": "Archaeological exhibit / contextual reference", "topics": [ "La Junta archaeology", "prehistoric village chronology", "archaeological identity limits" ], "publicationDate": "December 17, 2007", "annotation": "This exhibit describes archaeological evidence for early La Junta villages, trade, subsistence and competing models of population continuity. The authors distinguish archaeological phases from the later Spanish-recorded communities and describe the identification of early villagers as unknown. It gives valuable context for the region, but does not identify an archaeological phase as Jumano. Interpretive disagreement is stated in the exhibit and should remain attributed.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible “First Villagers” article, its image captions/credits and the full exhibit credits/source page (lines 23–64). The cited archaeological reports and underlying collections were not independently read; no illustration is reproduced.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p151-s25", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/thingstodo/visit-gran-quivira.htm", "title": "Visit Gran Quivira — Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument", "publisher": "National Park Service, Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument", "type": "Government / public history", "topics": [ "Gran Quivira", "Tompiro", "Jumano", "Plains–Pueblo relations" ], "publicationDate": "Last updated September 25, 2025", "annotation": "A National Park Service visitor page describes Gran Quivira at its peak as home to “eastern Tompiro/Jumano people” and as a place of Plains–Pueblo interaction. This is a concise public-history summary, not a detailed identity study; the page gives no underlying citations for the combined label or population estimate. It is retained as supporting context, not as independent proof that Tompiro and Jumano are interchangeable.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "The complete visible visitor page was read October 23, 2026. It presents a combined eastern Tompiro/Jumano label and broad Plains–Pueblo interaction statement; no supporting bibliography or underlying archaeological/archival source was provided on the page.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p151-s26", "title": "(MIS)Translating U.S. Southwest History", "author": "Brian Imhoff", "publisher": "Romanian Journal of English Studies; West University of Timișoara; primary record now at Reference Global", "url": "https://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/rjes-2013-0014", "doi": "10.2478/rjes-2013-0014", "type": "Academic / colonial textual criticism", "topics": [ "Colonial records", "Translation", "Mendoza expedition", "Source perspective" ], "publicationDate": "2013-02-22", "dateBasis": "Primary journal record: published online February 22, 2013; print March 1, 2013.", "citation": "Imhoff, Brian. 2013. “(MIS)Translating U.S. Southwest History.” Romanian Journal of English Studies 10(1): 165–173. https://doi.org/10.2478/rjes-2013-0014.", "annotation": "A philological study comparing Mendoza expedition diary copies, translations and related testimony. It explains why transmitted texts can offer different narratives. Its conclusions are attributed scholarly interpretations; the Atlas has not independently inspected the manuscripts.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Read the actual extracted publisher-PDF text: abstract and sections 1–7, printed pp. 165–172 (PDF pages 1–8); references and author note, p. 173 (PDF page 9), inspected for citation only. Reproduced Spanish passages and translations were read as printed, not checked against manuscripts.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One substantive new article directly addresses the recorded translation/transmission gap; references, earlier editions and manuscript excerpts do not become separate inspected works.", "accessStatus": "Publisher labels Open Access; extracted text inspected, later PDF recheck failed", "accessNotes": "The research tool returned the complete nine-page publisher PDF text at the Sciendo URL. The normal article route redirected to Reference Global and the primary record was read there. Separate PDF screenshot requests failed on that redirect; no visual inspection, successful local PDF download, manuscript access, or reproduction permission is claimed. The publisher record confirms English language, author, journal, volume/issue, page range and online/print dates. Its login invitation did not prevent access to the record or returned PDF text; no paywall inference is made. A subsequent review request encountered a non-retryable redirect failure at the publisher download. This does not establish a reader paywall or erase the earlier extracted-text inspection.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Publisher article PDF — extracted text inspected", "url": "https://sciendo.com/2/v2/download/article/10.2478/rjes-2013-0014.pdf", "scope": "Complete extracted text of the nine-page article, within the review scope above; visual-render requests failed after publisher redirect." } ], "language": "en", "perspective": "The paper identifies its author as a Texas A&M Spanish linguist specializing in colonial paleography; it is outside textual scholarship, not a community account." } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 151, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p151-s3", "p151-s4", "p151-s7", "p151-s8", "p151-s17" ], "researchComplete": false, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "rationale": "Thirteen substantive works after this addition provide a stronger source-critical guide, but no new community-authored coverage or direct manuscript inspection. The existing initial-coverage gaps remain open; quantity alone does not establish adequacy.", "remainingLimits": [ "No community review or endorsement is recorded. Jumano Nation of Texas and People of La Junta for Preservation are distinct organizations and are not treated as interchangeable or representative of every person connected to historic Jumano labels.", "The collection has twelve substantive works, but many analyze the same uneven Spanish documentary record; source quantity does not resolve the historical identity debate.", "The 1986 Kelley monograph and 1988 Hickerson linguistic article remain partially inspected or abstract-only; the full texts were not reviewed.", "Spanish and Mexican archival manuscripts discussed in the secondary literature, including the 1683–84 Domínguez de Mendoza diary, were not independently read.", "The range of contemporary Jumano community publications, family histories, language evidence, and cultural transmission remains limited and needs further review.", "The relationships among historical Jumano labels, Taovayas/Wichita, Tompiro Pueblo communities, and La Junta peoples remain contested; no exhaustive descent, identity, population, or federal recognition claim is made.", "Historical maps described or reproduced in secondary pages were not independently inspected for this batch; no map-to-profile connection was added.", "The new article's manuscript comparisons and historical conclusions were read as published scholarship; no underlying archival text was independently checked." ] }, "researchGaps": [ "No community review or endorsement is recorded. Jumano Nation of Texas and People of La Junta for Preservation are distinct organizations and are not treated as interchangeable or representative of every person connected to historic Jumano labels.", "The collection has twelve substantive works, but many analyze the same uneven Spanish documentary record; source quantity does not resolve the historical identity debate.", "The 1986 Kelley monograph and 1988 Hickerson linguistic article remain partially inspected or abstract-only; the full texts were not reviewed.", "Spanish and Mexican archival manuscripts discussed in the secondary literature, including the 1683–84 Domínguez de Mendoza diary, were not independently read.", "The range of contemporary Jumano community publications, family histories, language evidence, and cultural transmission remains limited and needs further review.", "The relationships among historical Jumano labels, Taovayas/Wichita, Tompiro Pueblo communities, and La Junta peoples remain contested; no exhaustive descent, identity, population, or federal recognition claim is made.", "Historical maps described or reproduced in secondary pages were not independently inspected for this batch; no map-to-profile connection was added.", "The August and October 1683 Arizona Historical Indexes records are metadata-only leads; read the cited archival documents and translations before using their catalogue summaries as evidence." ], "relationshipNote": "The historical label Jumano appears in sources for different peoples and settings. This entry also links to contemporary Jumano community accounts and a separate Indigenous-led La Junta organization that names Jumano among several descendant communities. These relationships are presented with their own source scope; they do not establish that every historical use names one polity, or that one modern organization represents everyone connected to the name.", "researchLeads": [ { "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/trans-p/peoples/farmers.html", "title": "Part-time Farmers: Patarabueyes of La Junta — Texas Beyond History", "documentKey": "Jumano_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Jumano history, culture, and timeline", "contextNote": "Public URLs extracted from the owner-supplied Jumano history, culture, and timeline study. The original document displayed URLs without bibliographic titles. These are suggested reading leads; verify each original publication before using claims. Existing source-card links retain their Atlas inspection scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-22", "reviewStatus": "Inspected as regional context; retained as supporting-only because it distinguishes Patarabueye villagers from Jumano visitors and alliances.", "matchedSourceId": "p151-s23", "contentReviewScope": "Complete visible page and credits/source page read October 23, 2026. Cited underlying scholarship, colonial records, and images were not independently inspected." }, { "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/junta/reconsidered.html", "title": "La Junta Reconsidered", "documentKey": "Jumano_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Jumano history, culture, and timeline", "contextNote": "Public URLs extracted from the owner-supplied Jumano history, culture, and timeline study. The original document displayed URLs without bibliographic titles. These are suggested reading leads; verify each original publication before using claims. Existing source-card links retain their Atlas inspection scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-22", "reviewStatus": "Already inspected in the profile; see its stated scope", "matchedSourceId": "p151-s9", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible La Junta Reconsidered page was read, including its treatment of competing models and research limits. Cited books, archival material, and underlying archaeological data were not independently inspected." }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/sapu/learn/historyculture/gran-quivira.htm", "title": "Gran Quivira — Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument", "documentKey": "Jumano_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Jumano history, culture, and timeline", "contextNote": "Public URLs extracted from the owner-supplied Jumano history, culture, and timeline study. The original document displayed URLs without bibliographic titles. These are suggested reading leads; verify each original publication before using claims. Existing source-card links retain their Atlas inspection scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-22", "reviewStatus": "Inspected for relevance; the NPS page describes the Pueblo and mission site but does not establish a specific Jumano connection, so it is not used as Jumano evidence.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible NPS page and update date. It describes Gran Quivira/Las Humanas and Spanish mission history; no Jumano identification is stated on the inspected page." }, { "url": "https://uamr.lib.arizona.edu/item/212388", "title": "Antonio de Otermín. Carta sobre relaciones con los indios jumanes y shulimes (11 August 1683) — Arizona Historical Indexes", "documentKey": "Jumano_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Jumano history, culture, and timeline", "contextNote": "Public URLs extracted from the owner-supplied Jumano history, culture, and timeline study. The original document displayed URLs without bibliographic titles. These are suggested reading leads; verify each original publication before using claims. Existing source-card links retain their Atlas inspection scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-22", "reviewStatus": "Inspected as catalogue metadata only; primary letter and translation remain unread. Matched to supporting-only source card.", "matchedSourceId": "p151-s21", "contentReviewScope": "Read complete visible record metadata, archival references, and translation-file note. No manuscript, typescript, or translation was read." }, { "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/trans-p/peoples/jumano.html", "title": "Who Were the Jumano? / Jumano-Spanish Relations", "documentKey": "Jumano_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Jumano history, culture, and timeline", "contextNote": "Public URLs extracted from the owner-supplied Jumano history, culture, and timeline study. The original document displayed URLs without bibliographic titles. These are suggested reading leads; verify each original publication before using claims. Existing source-card links retain their Atlas inspection scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-22", "reviewStatus": "Already inspected in the profile; see its stated scope", "matchedSourceId": "p151-s4", "contentReviewScope": "Both substantive Jumano modules and the credits page were read. The exhibit’s embedded translations and secondary figures were inspected as presented; cited books, dissertation, article, archives, and maps were not independently reviewed." }, { "url": "https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsresearch/315/", "title": "Review of The Jumanos: Hunters and Traders of the South Plains", "documentKey": "Jumano_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Jumano history, culture, and timeline", "contextNote": "Public URLs extracted from the owner-supplied Jumano history, culture, and timeline study. The original document displayed URLs without bibliographic titles. These are suggested reading leads; verify each original publication before using claims. Existing source-card links retain their Atlas inspection scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-22", "reviewStatus": "Repository metadata and abstract inspected; review text unread", "matchedSourceId": "p151-s20", "contentReviewScope": "Repository metadata and full visible abstract read; linked review document not inspected.", "supportingReview": true }, { "url": "https://www.humanitiestexas.org/news/articles/around-state-meet-jumano-nation-marfa-lights-festival", "title": "Around the State: Meet the Jumano Nation at Marfa Lights Festival", "documentKey": "Jumano_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Jumano history, culture, and timeline", "contextNote": "Public URLs extracted from the owner-supplied Jumano history, culture, and timeline study. The original document displayed URLs without bibliographic titles. These are suggested reading leads; verify each original publication before using claims. Existing source-card links retain their Atlas inspection scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-22", "reviewStatus": "Already inspected in the profile; see its stated scope", "matchedSourceId": "p151-s12", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible event notice, date, participant names and roles, program purpose, and photographer credit were read. No event recording or presentation materials were inspected.", "supportingReview": true }, { "url": "https://uamr.lib.arizona.edu/item/212387", "title": "Sabeata, indio jumana, hace declaracion de amistad por parte de los jefes de esa nacion (20 October 1683) — Arizona Historical Indexes", "documentKey": "Jumano_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Jumano history, culture, and timeline", "contextNote": "Public URLs extracted from the owner-supplied Jumano history, culture, and timeline study. The original document displayed URLs without bibliographic titles. These are suggested reading leads; verify each original publication before using claims. Existing source-card links retain their Atlas inspection scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-22", "reviewStatus": "Inspected as catalogue metadata only; primary declaration and translation remain unread. Matched to supporting-only source card.", "matchedSourceId": "p151-s22", "contentReviewScope": "Read complete visible record metadata, archival references, and English-translation note. No manuscript, transcription, or translation was read." }, { "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/junta/encounters.html", "title": "Early Encounters, 1535–1714 (La Junta de los Ríos exhibit)", "documentKey": "Jumano_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Jumano history, culture, and timeline", "contextNote": "Public URLs extracted from the owner-supplied Jumano history, culture, and timeline study. The original document displayed URLs without bibliographic titles. These are suggested reading leads; verify each original publication before using claims. Existing source-card links retain their Atlas inspection scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-22", "reviewStatus": "Full visible exhibit chapter inspected; cited primary works remain unread", "matchedSourceId": "p151-s15", "contentReviewScope": "The complete visible exhibit chapter and its map/illustration captions were read. The maps were not inspected as map objects or reviewed for reuse; no map link was added." }, { "url": "https://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.na.053.html", "title": "Jumanos", "documentKey": "Jumano_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Jumano history, culture, and timeline", "contextNote": "Public URLs extracted from the owner-supplied Jumano history, culture, and timeline study. The original document displayed URLs without bibliographic titles. These are suggested reading leads; verify each original publication before using claims. Existing source-card links retain their Atlas inspection scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-22", "reviewStatus": "Full visible encyclopedia article inspected; cited works remain unread", "matchedSourceId": "p151-s17", "contentReviewScope": "The complete visible entry and bibliography were read; cited monographs, articles, and archival records were not independently inspected." }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/sapu/learn/historyculture/maria-de-agreda.htm", "title": "María de Ágreda", "documentKey": "Jumano_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Jumano history, culture, and timeline", "contextNote": "Public URLs extracted from the owner-supplied Jumano history, culture, and timeline study. The original document displayed URLs without bibliographic titles. These are suggested reading leads; verify each original publication before using claims. Existing source-card links retain their Atlas inspection scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-22", "reviewStatus": "Full visible park-history article inspected; supporting reference only", "matchedSourceId": "p151-s18", "contentReviewScope": "The complete visible article and image captions/credits were read; underlying Franciscan reports and mission records were not examined.", "supportingReview": true }, { "url": "https://utpress.utexas.edu/9780292730847/", "title": "The Jumanos: Hunters and Traders of the South Plains — University of Texas Press (1994 print ISBN)", "documentKey": "Jumano_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Jumano history, culture, and timeline", "contextNote": "Public URLs extracted from the owner-supplied Jumano history, culture, and timeline study. The original document displayed URLs without bibliographic titles. These are suggested reading leads; verify each original publication before using claims. Existing source-card links retain their Atlas inspection scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-22", "reviewStatus": "Publisher record inspected; this is the print ISBN for the same monograph already listed under its 2010 EPUB ISBN. The book itself was not read and this duplicate product record is not a separate source.", "matchedSourceId": "p151-s10", "contentReviewScope": "Read the public product description, publication details and table of contents. The full book was not accessed.", "supportingReview": true }, { "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/dominguez-de-mendoza-juan", "title": "Domínguez de Mendoza, Juan", "documentKey": "Jumano_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Jumano history, culture, and timeline", "contextNote": "Public URLs extracted from the owner-supplied Jumano history, culture, and timeline study. The original document displayed URLs without bibliographic titles. These are suggested reading leads; verify each original publication before using claims. Existing source-card links retain their Atlas inspection scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-22", "reviewStatus": "Original-source article inspected; linked expedition records remain unread", "matchedSourceId": "p151-s13", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible TSHA article and bibliography were read; the diary, archival manuscripts, and route studies were not independently inspected." }, { "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/jumano-indians", "title": "Jumano Indians", "documentKey": "Jumano_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Jumano history, culture, and timeline", "contextNote": "Public URLs extracted from the owner-supplied Jumano history, culture, and timeline study. The original document displayed URLs without bibliographic titles. These are suggested reading leads; verify each original publication before using claims. Existing source-card links retain their Atlas inspection scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-22", "reviewStatus": "Already inspected in the profile; see its stated scope", "matchedSourceId": "p151-s3", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible article and bibliography were read, including sections on La Junta, Tompiro communities, trade, and the article’s conclusion. The works in its bibliography and original Spanish records were not independently inspected." }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/thingstodo/visit-gran-quivira.htm", "title": "Visit Gran Quivira — Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument", "documentKey": "Jumano_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Jumano history, culture, and timeline", "contextNote": "Public URLs extracted from the owner-supplied Jumano history, culture, and timeline study. The original document displayed URLs without bibliographic titles. These are suggested reading leads; verify each original publication before using claims. Existing source-card links retain their Atlas inspection scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-22", "reviewStatus": "Full visible National Park Service visitor page inspected October 23, 2026; retained as supporting context. It uses the combined label “eastern Tompiro/Jumano,” but provides no bibliography for that classification; not independent proof of interchangeable identities.", "matchedSourceId": "p151-s25", "contentReviewScope": "The complete visible visitor page was read October 23, 2026. It presents a combined eastern Tompiro/Jumano label and broad Plains–Pueblo interaction statement; no supporting bibliography or underlying archaeological/archival source was provided on the page.", "supportingReview": true }, { "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/la-junta-de-los-rios", "title": "La Junta de los Ríos", "documentKey": "Jumano_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Jumano history, culture, and timeline", "contextNote": "Public URLs extracted from the owner-supplied Jumano history, culture, and timeline study. The original document displayed URLs without bibliographic titles. These are suggested reading leads; verify each original publication before using claims. Existing source-card links retain their Atlas inspection scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-22", "reviewStatus": "Full visible TSHA article inspected; cited works remain unread", "matchedSourceId": "p151-s16", "contentReviewScope": "The complete visible article and bibliography were read; cited dissertations, books, and archival records were not independently inspected." }, { "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/86R/billtext/html/HR01565F.htm", "title": "HR 1565 — Jumano Indians of Texas", "documentKey": "Jumano_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Jumano history, culture, and timeline", "contextNote": "Public URLs extracted from the owner-supplied Jumano history, culture, and timeline study. The original document displayed URLs without bibliographic titles. These are suggested reading leads; verify each original publication before using claims. Existing source-card links retain their Atlas inspection scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-22", "reviewStatus": "Already inspected in the profile; see its stated scope", "matchedSourceId": "p151-s1", "contentReviewScope": "The enrolled resolution text was read. It is counted as a supporting primary civic record, not as a substantive historical study.", "supportingReview": true }, { "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/junta/villagers.html", "title": "First Villagers — La Junta de los Ríos exhibit — Texas Beyond History", "documentKey": "Jumano_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Jumano history, culture, and timeline", "contextNote": "Public URLs extracted from the owner-supplied Jumano history, culture, and timeline study. The original document displayed URLs without bibliographic titles. These are suggested reading leads; verify each original publication before using claims. Existing source-card links retain their Atlas inspection scopes.", "addedAt": "2026-10-22", "reviewStatus": "Inspected as archaeological context; retained as supporting-only and not used to assign a named archaeological identity.", "matchedSourceId": "p151-s24", "contentReviewScope": "Complete visible article and credits/source page read October 23, 2026. Cited reports and archaeological collections were not independently reviewed." } ], "studyKeys": [ "Jumano_History_Culture_and_Timeline" ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-01", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p151-s7", "reason": "This report attributes contemporary Jumano continuity and family-history work to named Jumano Nation of Texas participants." }, { "sourceId": "p151-s8", "reason": "People of La Junta explains its own Indigenous-led stewardship and names Jumano among several distinct descendant communities." }, { "sourceId": "p151-s17", "reason": "The concise scholarly overview makes competing historical identity and language proposals visible rather than choosing one silently." }, { "sourceId": "p151-s26", "reason": "This textual study explains how copies and translations of the Mendoza records can produce different historical narratives." } ], "scopeNote": "Historical Jumano labels and living descendant identities are related questions with different evidence. Jumano Nation of Texas and People of La Junta are distinct organizations; neither one modern organization nor the Gran Quivira Tompiro/Jumano label resolves every historical use.", "reviewRationale": "Two contemporary situated perspectives, an explicit scholarly-debate overview and a substantive translation study make a useful bounded guide without presenting a contested identity thesis as settled history.", "remainingQuestions": [ "The encyclopedia’s disappearance wording is a dated documentary interpretation, not evidence that descendants disappeared; colonial manuscripts remain unreviewed.", "The translation article’s extracted publisher text was inspected previously, but a later download recheck failed; no fresh availability or page-image review is claimed." ], "imageRecordId": "jumano-gran-quivira-arnold-nps", "reviewBasis": "Review of existing actual-content source records, retained evidence ledgers and image identification/rights records. No new original-source inspection count, fresh image inspection or comprehensive completion is implied.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false }, "added": false, "slug": "jumano", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-TX", "name": "Texas", "key": "us-tx" } ] }, { "name": "Ka:'yu:'k't'h'/Che:k'tles7et'h' First Nations", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community-government route", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Ka:'yu:'k't'h'/Che:k'tles7et'h' First Nations has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community route in the BC Assembly directory. Roster inclusion does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or identity with a broader people label. Government details and relationships remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body, selected exact name and administrative-region label at lines 245-247; explicit BC heading at line 11. Previously readable body inspected October 26, 2026 and reused for this bounded name-only pass. No linked history, ethnicity, territory, photographs or map interaction reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "ka-yu-kth-che-ktles7eth-first-nations", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Kaguyak Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Kaguyak Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 876; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "kaguyak-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians of the Kaibab Indian Reservation, Arizona", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Arizona", "overview": "Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians of the Kaibab Indian Reservation, Arizona has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "kaibab-band-of-paiute-indians-of-the-kaibab-indian-reservation-arizona", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AZ", "name": "Arizona", "key": "us-az" } ] }, { "added": true, "name": "Kalaallit", "region": "Arctic / Greenland", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Kalaallit is a name used by Greenlandic Inuit. Regional identities and language varieties require attention within this wider context.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Kalaallit is a name used by Greenlandic Inuit. Regional identities and language varieties require attention within this wider context.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Kalaallit, Inughuit and Iivit or Tunumiit naming, Greenlandic language resources and contemporary institutions. Start with the annotated sources and compare each publisher’s scope and perspective.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1", "added-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "added-s1", "title": "The Indigenous World 2026: Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenland)", "publisher": "iwgia.org", "url": "https://www.iwgia.org/en/news/iw-2026-kalaallit-nunaat-greenland?lang=en", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “The Indigenous World 2026: Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenland)” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "added-s2", "title": "Oqaasileriffik – Grønlands Sprogsekretariat", "publisher": "oqaasileriffik.gl", "url": "https://oqaasileriffik.gl/en/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Oqaasileriffik – Grønlands Sprogsekretariat” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 142 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "slug": "kalaallit", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "GL", "name": "Greenland", "key": "gl" } ] }, { "name": "Kalapuya", "region": "Willamette Valley, Oregon", "kind": "Related peoples", "overview": "Kalapuya peoples are among the constituent tribes and bands of the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Kalapuya peoples are among the constituent tribes and bands of the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde.", "sourceIds": [ "p153-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "Federal removal brought Kalapuya and other peoples to Grand Ronde beginning in 1856; families maintained connections with their homelands.", "sourceIds": [ "p153-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "Grand Ronde’s cultural history presents a living confederated government. Read its account alongside specific Kalapuya band histories rather than substituting one identity for the other.", "sourceIds": [ "p153-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p153-s1", "url": "https://wwwold.grandronde.org/history-culture/history/our-story/", "title": "Our Story", "publisher": "Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p153-s2", "url": "https://www.grandronde.org/culture-history/", "title": "Culture & History", "publisher": "Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 406 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 153, "added": false, "slug": "kalapuya", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" } ] }, { "added": true, "name": "Kalinago", "region": "Caribbean / Dominica", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Kalinago people have enduring Caribbean histories and a contemporary territory and council in Dominica.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Kalinago people have enduring Caribbean histories and a contemporary territory and council in Dominica.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Territorial history, community governance, publicly shared cultural resources and contemporary priorities. Government accounts should be paired with council and community voices. Start with the annotated sources and compare each publisher’s scope and perspective.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "added-s1", "title": "About Us - Kalinago Affairs", "publisher": "kalinagoaffairs.gov.dm", "url": "https://kalinagoaffairs.gov.dm/about-us", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “About Us - Kalinago Affairs” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 112 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "slug": "kalinago", "regionGroups": [ "Caribbean" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "DM", "name": "Dominica", "key": "dm" } ] }, { "name": "Kalispel", "region": "Washington / Idaho / Montana", "kind": "People / tribal nation", "overview": "Kalispel is a reading route into a people whose historical communities are connected with the Pend Oreille region of Washington, Idaho and Montana. Start with the Kalispel Tribe of Indians’ own account, then compare an older regional history that distinguishes Upper and Lower Kalispel contexts. This introduction does not treat every historical community as the same present government.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Kalispel homelands extend along the Pend Oreille River, Lake Pend Oreille, and Clark Fork region.", "sourceIds": [ "p154-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "Upper and Lower Kalispel communities experienced different nineteenth-century relocations. The Lower Kalispel reservation was established in 1914.", "sourceIds": [ "p154-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The Kalispel Tribe’s own news and cultural reporting provide a contemporary counterpart to government historical summaries.", "sourceIds": [ "p154-s2" ] }, { "title": "People, places and distinct political paths", "text": "The older Tribal Briefing Book distinguishes Upper and Lower Kalispel communities and describes different responses to settlement and removal. Its Kalispel chapter places Lake Pend Oreille within this wider history. Because it combines historical narrative with dated administrative information, it is useful for framing questions rather than establishing current leadership, landholdings or legal rights. Original records and fuller community histories remain important next steps.", "sourceIds": [ "p154-s1" ] }, { "title": "A community account of rebuilding", "text": "The Kalispel Tribe of Indians’ public story links the loss of land and limited economic opportunities with efforts to build housing, education and community services. It presents a 1991 vision statement as part of that history. Read those goals in their stated historical setting; they do not demonstrate that every aspiration was fulfilled or describe all Kalispel communities in the same way.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-kalispel-story" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p154-s1", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-Y3_N81_8-PURL-LPS87622/pdf/GOVPUB-Y3_N81_8-PURL-LPS87622.pdf", "title": "Tribal Briefing Book — Kalispel Tribe of Indians, selected pages", "publisher": "Northwest Power Planning Council; hosted by GovInfo", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Read the selected Kalispel historical narrative and the introduction to this older regional compilation. It distinguishes Upper and Lower Kalispel contexts. Dated administrative totals, officeholders, ceremonies and assertions about current legal rights are not adopted.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Introduction, PDF page 2 and selected narrative on printed/PDF pages 39–40 read; the Kalispel narrative begins at zero-based page 38. Other tribal chapters, fullvolume, underlying records and source images were not inspected. Its claim locating Albeni Falls Dam on the Kootenai River is erroneous and not repeated. End-of-century administrative listings are historical, not current.", "publicationDate": "Undated historical compilation; internal late-1990s references are not a verified publication date", "accessNotes": "Public GovInfo PDF actual selectable text inspected. Prior generic source card is explicitly upgraded with this documented review; URL and ID retained, publisher corrected from the earlier generic attribution." }, { "id": "p154-s2", "url": "https://kalispeltribe.com/blog/", "title": "News — We Are Kalispel", "publisher": "Kalispel Tribe of Indians", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p6-kalispel-story", "title": "Our Story", "publisher": "Kalispel Tribe of Indians", "url": "https://kalispeltribe.com/our-story", "type": "Indigenous-led / community-published", "topics": [ "History", "Community institutions", "Homelands" ], "annotation": "The Tribe’s own account connects history, community wellbeing and its relationship with the Pend Oreille country. The1991 vision is an aspiration, not proof that every goal was later realized.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Complete public main body lines 33–76 read, including historical hardship, the explicitly aspirational1991 vision statement and homeland/reservation narrative. Present totals, business counts, income, population and legal land status were not adopted.", "accessNotes": "Actual selected public content inspected without account or subscription; linked original records, media and cited publications remain outside this review unless expressly stated.", "publicationDate": "Undated; access date is not a publication date" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 329 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 154, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p6-kalispel-story", "p154-s1" ], "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; fuller history remains open", "researchGaps": [ "Review Upper and Lower Kalispel histories through further community-directed sources, not only a regional compilation.", "Inspect original removal, reservation and land records; current boundaries, legal status and population are not determined here.", "Add fuller language, family and contemporary cultural accounts with appropriate public scope." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A small, purposefully selected actual-content starting path and specifically scoped credited image are now available. Fuller history, source comparison and community review remain open; quantity does not establish completion.", "remainingLimits": [ "Review Upper and Lower Kalispel histories through further community-directed sources, not only a regional compilation.", "Inspect original removal, reservation and land records; current boundaries, legal status and population are not determined here.", "Add fuller language, family and contemporary cultural accounts with appropriate public scope." ] }, "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-06", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "scopeNote": "A short starting path through selected actual-content works. Read each annotation for the specific community, period and inspection limits; this is not a complete history or community endorsement.", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p6-kalispel-story", "reason": "Begin with the Tribe’s own historical and community account." }, { "sourceId": "p154-s1", "reason": "Compare the selected older Upper/Lower Kalispel narrative, retaining its dated limits." } ], "imageRecordId": "c6-kalispel-lake-pend-oreille" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Cohort06: selected actual-content sources and specifically scoped credited imagery form a bounded starting guide. Reused publications/photos are not new global works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "added": false, "slug": "kalispel", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest", "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "name": "Kanaka Bar", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community-government route", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Kanaka Bar has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community route in the BC Assembly directory. Roster inclusion does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or identity with a broader people label. Government details and relationships remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body, selected exact name and administrative-region label at lines 249-251; explicit BC heading at line 11. Previously readable body inspected October 26, 2026 and reused for this bounded name-only pass. No linked history, ethnicity, territory, photographs or map interaction reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "kanaka-bar", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Kansa (Kaw)", "region": "Kansas / Oklahoma", "kind": "People / tribal nation", "overview": "Kansa, Kanza, and Kaw refer to the people whose government is the Kaw Nation, headquartered in Oklahoma.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Kansa, Kanza, and Kaw refer to the people whose government is the Kaw Nation, headquartered in Oklahoma.", "sourceIds": [ "p155-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "Treaties repeatedly reduced Kanza homelands in Kansas before forced relocation to Indian Territory in the nineteenth century.", "sourceIds": [ "p155-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The Kaw Nation’s museum and cultural education resources connect language, historical events, governance, and contemporary community life.", "sourceIds": [ "p155-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p155-s1", "url": "https://www.kawnation.gov/history-of-kaw-nation/", "title": "History of Kaw Nation", "publisher": "Kaw Nation", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p155-s2", "url": "https://www.kawnation.gov/cultural-education/", "title": "Cultural Education", "publisher": "Kaw Nation", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 155, "preferredName": "Kaw / Kanza", "added": false, "slug": "kansa-kaw", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "name": "Kaqchikel", "region": "Guatemala / southern Mexico", "kind": "Maya people", "overview": "Kaqchikel is a distinct Maya people with communities in Guatemala and Mexico.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Kaqchikel is a distinct Maya people with communities in Guatemala and Mexico.", "sourceIds": [ "p156-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "INPI documents communities in Chiapas, Campeche, and Quintana Roo, including families displaced by violence in Guatemala during the 1980s.", "sourceIds": [ "p156-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The Mexican ethnography provides history and settlement context; ALMG’s language-community directory is a route to Kaqchikel-led language resources.", "sourceIds": [ "p156-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p156-s1", "url": "https://catalogo.inpi.gob.mx/kaqchikel/", "title": "Pueblo Kaqchikel", "publisher": "INPI", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p156-s2", "url": "https://almg.org.gt/actividades-2/", "title": "Actividades — Comunidades Lingüísticas", "publisher": "Academia de las Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 202 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 156, "added": false, "slug": "kaqchikel", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico", "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "Karankawa", "region": "Texas Gulf Coast", "kind": "Historical peoples / living descendant communities", "overview": "Karankawa is a historical collective name associated with several Gulf Coast peoples, and it is also used in present-day descendant-community organizing. Historical labels, modern organizations and family histories are not interchangeable; the evidence and perspectives below are dated and attributed.", "sections": [ { "title": "A name used for several coastal peoples", "text": "Historical references use Karankawa as a collective label for several coastal groups, with spellings and lists that vary across sources. TSHA and Texas Beyond History name groups including Cocos, Cujanes, Coapites or Guapites, Carancahuas, Copanes or Capoques. A 2024 speech by Chiara Beaumont describes “seven or so” clans, a different category and count. The profile preserves that variation rather than claiming one settled list or equating the historical groupings with a single present-day government.", "sourceIds": [ "p157-s1", "p157-s5", "p157-s9", "p157-s13" ] }, { "title": "Coastal place, seasonal movement and material life", "text": "Scholarly and archaeological education sources place the historical communities along the central Texas coast and describe seasonal movement between mainland, bays and barrier islands as people used coastal and inland resources. Those accounts support a broad historical association, not a precise border or evidence that every community occupied each place in the same period. The 2026 Karankawa Tribe of Texas announcement also rejects the older “nomadic” label in favor of “semi-nomadic”; this is that group’s stated correction, while more detailed source comparison remains open.", "sourceIds": [ "p157-s1", "p157-s9", "p157-s13" ] }, { "title": "Missions and diplomacy in colonial records", "text": "The Rosario and Refugio entries describe shifting relationships with Spanish mission institutions, including seasonal attendance, departure, negotiation, food shortages and mission movement. Balthazar’s biography follows one Copano leader’s diplomacy and should not be generalized to all coastal groups. These accounts rely on Spanish church and government records, whose labels and judgments—including descriptions of people as difficult to control—reflect colonial observers rather than neutral community testimony.", "sourceIds": [ "p157-s6", "p157-s7", "p157-s8", "p157-s1" ] }, { "title": "Archaeology and the limits of outsider records", "text": "The Texas Beyond History exhibit links coastal archaeology and material culture to early written records, while later reporting documents the destruction and rediscovery of settlement places. Many commonly repeated descriptions passed through colonial, state or scholarly sources. The 2019 honors thesis examines the history of cannibalism claims; it is a student thesis whose argument should be read with its methods and source limits visible. No allegation from hostile or sensational historical sources is repeated here as established fact.", "sourceIds": [ "p157-s3", "p157-s9", "p157-s10", "p157-s11" ] }, { "title": "Living descendants and distinct dated community accounts", "text": "Karankawa descendants are publicly organizing today. A 2023 statement from the Karankawa Kadla Five Rivers Council describes some relatives’ family histories and its own reconnection guidance; Beaumont’s 2023 speech gives her family and Karankawa Kadla experience. A 2026 announcement on the same public site uses the name Karankawa Tribe of Texas and also refers to the Five Rivers Council. These dated sources document particular voices and public names; the precise organizational relationship across the different labels and the full range of descendant perspectives remain unverified here. Older “extinction” language and missing archival records do not establish that the people disappeared.", "sourceIds": [ "p157-s4", "p157-s5", "p157-s10", "p157-s11", "p157-s13" ] }, { "title": "Historical markers, current records and next questions", "text": "The 2022 Texas Historical Commission packet records a request to revise an older marker and competing procedural recommendations. A community announcement and 2026 reporting say a replacement marker was unveiled in July 2026. However, the official marker record checked for this review still displays the 1976 inscription; the new full text was not verified against an updated official record. The 2021 report’s recognition statements are dated, not current status findings. Further work should compare the new marker text, commission records, archival sources and additional community publications without treating recognition rules as the definition of peoplehood.", "sourceIds": [ "p157-s2", "p157-s10", "p157-s12", "p157-s13" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p157-s1", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/karankawa-indians", "title": "Karankawa Indians", "publisher": "Texas State Historical Association", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "A substantial scholarly state-history synthesis about the coastal peoples grouped under the Karankawa name. The article is useful for chronology, named historical groups, subsistence, mobility, missions and bibliography, but carries older extinction-era framing; read it beside dated descendant accounts and do not treat its cultural-group label as a present-day government.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible article body and bibliography were read. Its broad description, period terminology and claims are attributed to the TSHA entry; cited books and archival collections were not independently inspected.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p157-s2", "url": "https://thc.texas.gov/sites/default/files/2025-10/THC_Quarterly_HPD_Nov2025.pdf", "title": "History Programs quarterly packet: proposed Karankawa marker text", "publisher": "Texas Historical Commission", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "A later Texas Historical Commission quarterly packet contains a proposed Karankawa marker text, but it largely repeats one institutional narrative and predates a reported 2026 marker replacement. Kept as a dated comparison, not current marker text or an independent substantive history.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewScope": "Selected Karankawa marker-text pages in the November 2025 packet were inspected. The complete report was not read, and no final/current marker status is inferred from this source.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p157-s3", "url": "https://karankawas.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/karankawas-reexamining-gulf-coast-cannibalism-tim-seiter.pdf", "title": "Karankawas: Reexamining Texas Gulf Coast Cannibalism", "publisher": "Tim Seiter; University of Houston Honors College", "type": "Undergraduate honors thesis", "topics": [ "Historiography", "Colonial sources", "Texas Gulf Coast" ], "annotation": "Seiter’s honors thesis examines how claims of cannibalism entered colonial and later writing about the Gulf Coast peoples called Karankawa. It is a substantial student thesis, not a peer-reviewed monograph; its argument and source readings should be judged in that context and compared with the older accounts it discusses.", "contentReviewScope": "The thesis abstract, introduction, contents and selected chapters/conclusion were inspected. The full 207-page work was not read cover to cover; the thesis’s interpretation is attributed to Seiter, and no sensationalized allegation is repeated as fact.", "publicationDate": "May 2019", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Honors thesis" }, { "id": "p157-s4", "url": "https://karankawas.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/karankawa-reconnection-statement-karankawa-kadla.pdf", "title": "Statement on reconnecting with Karankawa Kadla relatives", "publisher": "Karankawa Kadla Five Rivers Council", "type": "Community statement", "topics": [ "Community", "Genealogy", "Reconnection" ], "annotation": "A council statement describes the ways some Karankawa Kadla relatives came to know family histories and outlines the council’s own reconnection process. It is direct evidence about this council’s guidance and experience, not a universal membership rule or a complete account of all people who identify Karankawa.", "contentReviewScope": "The full one-page statement was read. Its genealogy and DNA comments are represented as the council’s own guidance; the Atlas does not treat genetic testing as a test of Indigenous identity or citizenship.", "publicationDate": "January 28, 2023", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Community statement", "indigenousLed": true }, { "id": "p157-s5", "url": "https://karankawas.com/2024/08/27/nayina-wana-ayapah-we-are-still-here/", "title": "Nayina Wana Ayapah (We Are Still Here)", "publisher": "Chiara Beaumont; transcript hosted by historian Tim Seiter", "type": "First-person community account", "topics": [ "Community", "Identity", "Historical memory" ], "annotation": "A 2023 speech by Chiara Beaumont, a Karankawa speaker, describes her family’s reconnection and her experience with Karankawa Kadla. The page identifies the transcription and light editorial work by the host; it should be read as Beaumont’s situated account, not as a single voice for all Karankawa people.", "contentReviewScope": "The speech transcript was read. The page explicitly withholds a portion shared for oral listening only; that material is not reproduced or summarized. The speaker’s references to clans and family geography are attributed rather than converted into universal facts or mapped boundaries.", "publicationDate": "Speech delivered November 2023; transcript posted August 27, 2024", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Transcribed first-person speech" }, { "id": "p157-s6", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/balthazar", "title": "Balthazar", "publisher": "Handbook of Texas Online / Texas State Historical Association", "type": "Scholarly reference", "topics": [ "Copano", "Colonial history", "Diplomacy" ], "annotation": "This focused biographical entry reconstructs Copano leader Balthazar through Spanish mission and military records. Its evidence concerns one documented leader and the Copano people; it cannot stand for all Karankawa groups or present-day communities.", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible article and bibliography were read, including the entry’s treatment of a 1789 peace meeting and a 1790 census. The underlying Bexar archival documents cited by the article were not separately inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Edited historical reference" }, { "id": "p157-s7", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/nuestra-senora-del-rosario-mission", "title": "Nuestra Señora del Rosario Mission", "publisher": "Handbook of Texas Online / Texas State Historical Association; Kathleen Kirk Gilmore", "type": "Scholarly reference", "topics": [ "Mission history", "Colonial records", "Karankawa groups" ], "annotation": "A detailed mission-history entry discusses Cujanes, Copanes, Guapites and other Karankawa people in relation to Rosario. Its narrative depends heavily on colonial church and government records; period labels such as “indolence” are quoted colonial judgments, not neutral descriptions.", "contentReviewScope": "The visible article body and bibliography were read. It is used for the mission chronology and named groups, not as a complete account of Karankawa perspectives or present community histories.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Edited historical reference" }, { "id": "p157-s8", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/nuestra-senora-del-refugio-mission", "title": "Nuestra Señora del Refugio Mission", "publisher": "Handbook of Texas Online / Texas State Historical Association", "type": "Scholarly reference", "topics": [ "Mission history", "Coastal communities", "Colonial records" ], "annotation": "This entry draws on mission and baptismal records to describe changing population and movement at Refugio and Rosario. Its numbers are colonial administrative categories and should not be taken as a complete count of Karankawa people or as proof that those who left ceased to exist.", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible article body and bibliography were read, including selected 1795–1830 mission records summarized by the author. The original registers were not inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Edited historical reference" }, { "id": "p157-s9", "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/coast/peoples/index.html", "title": "Coastal Prairies and Marshes: Native Peoples of the Texas Coast", "publisher": "Texas Beyond History; Texas Archeological Research Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin", "type": "Archaeology education", "topics": [ "Archaeology", "Coastal lifeways", "Historic groups", "Research bibliography" ], "annotation": "An archaeologist-authored public teaching exhibit places Karankawa communities within a wider Texas coastal region and links settlement, material evidence and seasonal mobility. It was published in 2009 and uses a period “gone forever” framing in its regional introduction; that framing does not establish the absence of living descendants and is balanced with later community sources.", "contentReviewScope": "The complete Native Peoples overview, Karankawa section, credits and bibliography were read. Linked site reports and cited books were not independently inspected; the page’s regional map is an explanatory scholarly illustration, not a present-day territorial boundary.", "publicationDate": "2009", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "University archaeology teaching exhibit" }, { "id": "p157-s10", "url": "https://www.texastribune.org/2021/10/04/karankawa-corpus-christi-texas-artifacts/", "title": "The Karankawa were said to be extinct. Now they’re reviving their culture — and fighting to protect their ancestors’ land.", "publisher": "The Texas Tribune; Erin Douglas", "type": "Reported journalism", "topics": [ "Contemporary community", "Oral history", "Archaeology", "Historical narratives" ], "annotation": "This reported feature documents Karankawa Kadla people’s public activity in 2021, including family oral-history accounts and an effort to protect a coastal archaeological place. It identifies several named participants and institutions; the article’s 2021 statements about recognition and community size are date-specific, not current legal or population data.", "contentReviewScope": "The complete article body and its sections on family history, archaeological records, community activity and agency responses were read. Interview testimony is attributed to the named speaker; archaeological interpretations and litigation statements remain attributed to the article and its sources.", "publicationDate": "October 4, 2021", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Long-form reporting" }, { "id": "p157-s11", "url": "https://www.texastribune.org/2025/12/23/texas-indigenous-tribe-karankawa-settlement-site-corpus-christi/", "title": "Indigenous groups fight to save rediscovered settlement site on Texas coast", "publisher": "Inside Climate News and The Texas Tribune", "type": "Reported journalism", "topics": [ "Contemporary community", "Archaeology", "Coastal history", "Site stewardship" ], "annotation": "A collaborative report describes the 2025 rediscovery and preservation campaign around a Corpus Christi Bay settlement site, with testimony from Love Sanchez and named archaeologists and other Indigenous leaders. It concerns a particular site and contemporary campaign; it does not establish a single Karankawa organization’s authority over all sites or people.", "contentReviewScope": "The complete article body was read, including the rediscovery narrative, quoted community and scholarly perspectives, archaeological access limits and permitting context. Sensitive site coordinates and restricted archaeological records are not reproduced; the article’s reported statements remain attributed.", "publicationDate": "December 23, 2025", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Collaborative long-form reporting" }, { "id": "p157-s12", "url": "https://www.thc.texas.gov/public/upload/pdf/meetings/HPD_public%20pkt%202.1.2022.pdf", "title": "History Programs public packet: Karankawa marker-text request", "publisher": "Texas Historical Commission", "type": "Government meeting record", "topics": [ "Historical interpretation", "Marker process", "Community advocacy" ], "annotation": "Selected pages preserve a dated public review of a request to revise a Karankawa historical marker, including community-submitted material and competing procedural recommendations. A committee packet is not a complete meeting transcript or a current statement of marker wording.", "contentReviewScope": "Only PDF pages 43–47 concerning the Karankawa Campsite marker item were inspected. The packet contains submitted assertions and proposed motions; no final vote or current marker status is inferred from these selected pages.", "publicationDate": "February 1–2, 2022 meeting packet", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Selected pages of government meeting record" }, { "id": "p157-s13", "url": "https://karankawas.com/2026/07/28/karankawa-tribe-of-texas-celebrates-historical-marker-unveiling/", "title": "Karankawa Tribe of Texas Celebrates Historical Marker Unveiling", "publisher": "Karankawas.com; Karankawa Tribe of Texas public account", "type": "Community publication", "topics": [ "Contemporary community", "Historical interpretation", "Public marker" ], "annotation": "A dated community announcement reports the July 2026 unveiling of a revised Karankawa marker and lists corrections sought by women it identifies with the Hawk Clan. It is evidence of that publication’s position and account of its participation, not a substitute for the marker text or a statement by every Karankawa-descendant community.", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible announcement was read. Its six requested corrections and reported collaboration are attributed to the publisher; the marker’s complete new text and the organization’s relationship to earlier Karankawa Kadla naming were not independently verified.", "publicationDate": "July 28, 2026", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Community announcement", "indigenousLed": true }, { "id": "p157-s14", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1353/swh.2021.0026", "title": "The Karankawa-Spanish War from 1778 to 1789: Attempted Genocide and Karankawa Power", "publisher": "Tim Seiter; Southwestern Historical Quarterly", "type": "Peer-reviewed article", "topics": [ "History", "Colonial conflict", "Diplomacy" ], "annotation": "A peer-reviewed journal article identified by the author and journal as a study of the 1778–1789 war. Its full text is a useful route for interpreting colonial power and diplomacy, but it remains a scholarly argument based on archival sources and should be compared with community histories.", "contentReviewScope": "The journal record, abstract and bibliographic metadata were inspected; the full article was not accessible in this pass. It is therefore retained as a supporting unread lead and does not count toward the substantive inspected-work target.", "publicationDate": "2021", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "sourceKind": "Peer-reviewed journal article; full text unread" }, { "id": "p157-s15", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/places/nuestra-senora-de-rosario-mission.htm", "title": "Nuestra Señora de Rosario Mission", "publisher": "National Park Service", "type": "Government visitor-history page", "topics": [ "Mission history" ], "annotation": "A brief NPS summary supplies a visitor-oriented overview of Rosario and its Spanish context. It overlaps the longer TSHA mission histories and is retained as a convenient supporting introduction rather than an independent substantive work.", "contentReviewScope": "The complete visible page was read. No underlying Spanish records were inspected through it.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "sourceKind": "Brief government overview" }, { "id": "p157-s16", "url": "https://utrgv.libguides.com/SCA/Karankawa", "title": "Karankawa research guide", "publisher": "University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Special Collections and Archives", "type": "Library guide", "topics": [ "Research methods", "Archives" ], "annotation": "A library guide offers discovery paths to repositories and literature. It is a finding aid rather than a substantive history or inspected archival collection.", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible guide was read. The guide itself notes that the underlying primary sources are not held by the library; no linked archival item was inspected through it.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "sourceKind": "Finding aid" }, { "id": "p157-s17", "url": "https://www.galvestonhistorycenter.org/research/karankawa", "title": "Karankawa research resources", "publisher": "Galveston & Texas History Center, Rosenberg Library", "type": "Archives and library research guide", "topics": [ "Archives", "Bibliography", "Galveston" ], "annotation": "This guide lists manuscripts, scrapbooks, vertical files, books and external research portals. It is useful for future archival work but is not itself a studied historical narrative.", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible guide was read, including its archival catalog descriptions and bibliography. No listed physical collection, catalog object or cited book was inspected through this guide.", "publicationDate": "Updated June 26, 2025", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "sourceKind": "Finding aid" }, { "id": "p157-s18", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/spanish-missions", "title": "Spanish Missions", "publisher": "Handbook of Texas Online / Texas State Historical Association", "type": "Scholarly reference", "topics": [ "Spanish missions", "Texas history" ], "annotation": "A wider survey briefly situates Rosario among Texas missions. Its Karankawa-specific coverage is brief and overlaps dedicated Rosario and Refugio entries, so it remains a supporting orientation.", "contentReviewScope": "The complete visible article and its Rosario passage were read. The underlying source bibliography was not checked in this pass.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "sourceKind": "Brief comparative reference" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 157, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "rationale": "Twelve substantive works have actual-content inspection records, including community statements, first-person testimony, long-form reporting, scholarly and archaeological syntheses, and a selected government meeting record. This is a substantial initial reading path, but the distinct contemporary community names, dated marker discrepancy, uneven primary-source access and incomplete descendant-perspective coverage make an adequacy judgment premature.", "remainingLimits": [ "The complete text of the replacement marker announced in July 2026 was not verified in an updated official Texas Historical Commission record.", "The 2023 Karankawa Kadla and 2026 Karankawa Tribe of Texas publications use different names; their precise organizational relationship and the breadth of each community’s representation were not independently established.", "The selected 2022 commission packet pages contain proposed motions and submitted material; the final action on that agenda item was not established from minutes.", "Primary Spanish, Mexican and Republic-era records and archaeological publications require further source-by-source inspection; TSHA and Texas Beyond History bibliographies remain leads.", "The full 2019 honors thesis was not read cover to cover; the full text of the 2021 peer-reviewed war article remains unread and excluded.", "Further descendant-led publications and perspectives should be reviewed without assuming one organization speaks for all Karankawa descendants.", "No current population estimate, exhaustive list of contemporary organizations, or legal-recognition status claim is made; no community endorsement or review is recorded.", "No new historical-map association was added: this source batch did not inspect a specific archival map and its relevance to an individual community." ] }, "researchGaps": [ "The complete text of the replacement marker announced in July 2026 was not verified in an updated official Texas Historical Commission record.", "The 2023 Karankawa Kadla and 2026 Karankawa Tribe of Texas publications use different names; their precise organizational relationship and the breadth of each community’s representation were not independently established.", "The selected 2022 commission packet pages contain proposed motions and submitted material; the final action on that agenda item was not established from minutes.", "Primary Spanish, Mexican and Republic-era records and archaeological publications require further source-by-source inspection; TSHA and Texas Beyond History bibliographies remain leads.", "The full 2019 honors thesis was not read cover to cover; the full text of the 2021 peer-reviewed war article remains unread and excluded.", "Further descendant-led publications and perspectives should be reviewed without assuming one organization speaks for all Karankawa descendants.", "No current population estimate, exhaustive list of contemporary organizations, or legal-recognition status claim is made; no community endorsement or review is recorded.", "No new historical-map association was added: this source batch did not inspect a specific archival map and its relevance to an individual community." ], "evidenceNotes": [ "This dated Texas-focused review has twelve substantive inspected works and six supporting or further-reading cards excluded from the count. The count is not a claim of completeness or endorsement.", "Historical sources differ in lists, spellings and grouping categories. Beaumont’s 2023 speech uses a “seven or so” clan count, while TSHA and Texas Beyond History enumerate historical named groups differently; these categories were not collapsed into one definitive total.", "Community sources are dated and attributed: a 2023 Karankawa Kadla Five Rivers Council statement, a 2023 speech by Chiara Beaumont, and a July 2026 Karankawa Tribe of Texas marker announcement. The public name shifts and organizational relationships need more careful source review; no group is declared the sole representative.", "The THC’s 2022 meeting packet and a November 2025 packet document earlier marker processes. A 2026 community announcement and reporting describe a replacement unveiled July 25, 2026, while the official Atlas page checked still returns the 1976 inscription. The new text and final official record remain unverified.", "The 2019 thesis is an honors thesis, and only selected sections were reviewed. A journal article on the 1778–1789 war, the full thesis, linked primary documents, cited books and archival registers remain unread leads; none are described as inspected.", "The reviewed sources support broad historical coastal connections and mention specific archaeological places. No precise boundary, sensitive site coordinate or new map-to-profile association was created." ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-01", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p157-s5", "reason": "Chiara Beaumont’s public speech gives one family’s situated experience of reconnection and Karankawa Kadla community life." }, { "sourceId": "p157-s4", "reason": "The Five Rivers Council statement explains that council’s own reconnection guidance without making it a universal identity rule." }, { "sourceId": "p157-s1", "reason": "The substantial state-history synthesis supplies chronology and named historical groups to read critically beside descendant accounts." }, { "sourceId": "p157-s10", "reason": "The 2021 reported feature introduces named descendants’ public cultural work and a particular coastal preservation effort." } ], "scopeNote": "Karankawa is a historical collective label and a living descendant-community name; old group lists, clans, family histories and current organizations are different categories. Beaumont’s account and the council’s statement are particular perspectives, and the speech’s orally restricted portion stays excluded.", "reviewRationale": "First-person experience and a direct council statement lead into a substantial historical reference and reported contemporary activity, creating a useful bounded guide without erasing descendants or flattening distinct voices.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Older extinction-era historical framing must remain attributed and cannot negate living descendants; cited colonial originals remain unreviewed.", "The relationship among dated Karankawa Kadla/Five Rivers Council/Karankawa Tribe of Texas labels and the full replacement-marker wording remain unresolved." ], "imageRecordId": "karankawa-malaquite-dunes-digiovannangelo-nps", "reviewBasis": "Review of existing actual-content source records, retained evidence ledgers and image identification/rights records. No new original-source inspection count, fresh image inspection or comprehensive completion is implied.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false }, "added": false, "slug": "karankawa", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-TX", "name": "Texas", "key": "us-tx" } ] }, { "name": "Karuk", "region": "Klamath River, California", "kind": "People / tribal nation", "overview": "Karuk homelands center on the middle Klamath River in northwestern California. River relationships and environmental stewardship remain central.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Karuk homelands center on the middle Klamath River in northwestern California. River relationships and environmental stewardship remain central.", "sourceIds": [ "p158-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "The Tribe’s land account explains the unratified California treaties, federal forest claims, and continuing recovery of ancestral lands.", "sourceIds": [ "p158-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The Karuk People’s Center combines a museum, archives, language work, basketweaving, and public interpretation through Karuk perspectives.", "sourceIds": [ "p158-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p158-s1", "url": "https://www.karuk.us/departments/public-works/land-management", "title": "Land Management", "publisher": "Karuk Tribe", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p158-s2", "url": "https://www.karuk.us/more/peoples-center", "title": "People’s Center Museum & Gift Shop", "publisher": "Karuk Tribe", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 158, "researchLeads": [ { "url": "https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/tmdl/records/region_1/2003/ref1981.pdf", "title": "www.waterboards.ca.gov — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/281960/files/indianwarsofnort01bled.pdf", "title": "digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 202, "linkNote": "HTTP 202 response; requested content not confirmed; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://tribalaffairs.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/2002-Early-California-Laws-and-Policies-Related-to-California-I.pdf", "title": "tribalaffairs.ca.gov — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://calindianhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/01_13_1855_Citizens.pdf", "title": "calindianhistory.org — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://calindianhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/02_03_1855_Removal_Indians_HT_2_3.pdf", "title": "calindianhistory.org — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://calindianhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/02_26_1855.pdf", "title": "calindianhistory.org — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.yuroktribe.org/gold-rush-in-yurok-country", "title": "www.yuroktribe.org — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.yuroktribe.org/treaty-negotiations", "title": "www.yuroktribe.org — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.yuroktribe.org/revolts-against-settlers", "title": "www.yuroktribe.org — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.yuroktribe.org/formation-of-reservations", "title": "www.yuroktribe.org — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/0bf92646-d520-44b6-a2cc-d71d614950c1/content", "title": "scholarsbank.uoregon.edu — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": null, "linkNote": "TLS verification failed; availability undetermined; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://yalebooks.yale.edu/2017/05/23/confronting-american-genocide-on-the-california-coast/", "title": "yalebooks.yale.edu — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/US/412/412.US.481.71-1182.html", "title": "law.resource.org — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/ulsg/blogs/grants-dispatch-december-1-2019.htm", "title": "www.nps.gov — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 } ], "studyKeys": [ "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive" ], "added": false, "slug": "karuk", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Kashaya Pomo", "region": "Sonoma County, California", "kind": "People / tribal nation", "overview": "Kashaya or Kashia Pomo is associated with the Kashia Band of Pomo Indians of the Stewarts Point Rancheria.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Kashaya or Kashia Pomo is associated with the Kashia Band of Pomo Indians of the Stewarts Point Rancheria.", "sourceIds": [ "p159-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "The tribal constitution establishes jurisdiction and the roles of General Council and Tribal Council; it is a primary governance source.", "sourceIds": [ "p159-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The California Ocean Protection Council’s partner entry provides a contemporary coastal stewardship pathway. A fuller profile needs Kashia language and historical sources.", "sourceIds": [ "p159-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p159-s1", "url": "https://narf.org/nill/constitutions/kashia_pomo/index.html", "title": "Kashia Band — Tribal Constitution", "publisher": "Native American Rights Fund", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p159-s2", "url": "https://opc.ca.gov/directory/partners-and-grantees/the-kashia-band-of-pomo-indians-of-the-stewarts-point-rancheria/", "title": "The Kashia Band of Pomo Indians", "publisher": "California Ocean Protection Council", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 301 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 159, "added": false, "slug": "kashaya-pomo", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Kasigluk Traditional Elders Council", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Kasigluk Traditional Elders Council has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 880; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "kasigluk-traditional-elders-council", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Kaska", "region": "Northern British Columbia / Yukon", "kind": "People", "overview": "Kaska Dena communities span northern British Columbia and southeastern Yukon; Kaska identity extends beyond one band government.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Kaska Dena communities span northern British Columbia and southeastern Yukon; Kaska identity extends beyond one band government.", "sourceIds": [ "p160-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "Kaska Dena Council and other Kaska governments represent particular communities and collective interests in land, language, and culture.", "sourceIds": [ "p160-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The Council’s community work and the provincial land-planning process provide routes to current Kaska priorities; their different institutional scopes should be kept clear.", "sourceIds": [ "p160-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p160-s1", "url": "https://kaskadenacouncil.com/", "title": "Kaska Dena Council", "publisher": "Kaska Dena Council", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p160-s2", "url": "https://feedback.engage.gov.bc.ca/911662", "title": "Kaska — B.C. Land Use Planning Draft Package", "publisher": "British Columbia", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 99 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 160, "added": false, "slug": "kaska", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Kathlamet", "region": "Lower Columbia River, Oregon", "kind": "Constituent people", "overview": "Cathlamet or Kathlamet is one of the five constituent tribes identified by the Chinook Indian Nation.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Cathlamet or Kathlamet is one of the five constituent tribes identified by the Chinook Indian Nation.", "sourceIds": [ "p161-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "The Chinook Nation’s constitution and territorial account connect these constituent peoples with treaties signed at Tansy Point in 1851.", "sourceIds": [ "p161-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The Nation distinguishes its western Chinookan constituent tribes from the broader Chinookan linguistic category. This distinction helps avoid treating a language family as one government.", "sourceIds": [ "p161-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p161-s1", "url": "https://chinooknation.org/who-we-are/", "title": "Who We Are", "publisher": "Chinook Indian Nation", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p161-s2", "url": "https://chinooknation.org/our-territory-chinook-indian-nation-vs-chinooka/", "title": "Our Territory: Chinook Nation vs. Chinookan", "publisher": "Chinook Indian Nation", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 60 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 161, "added": false, "slug": "kathlamet", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" } ] }, { "name": "Kato", "region": "Mendocino County, California", "kind": "People / tribal nation", "overview": "Cahto, also written Kato, is associated with the Cahto Tribe of the Laytonville Rancheria in northern California.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Cahto, also written Kato, is associated with the Cahto Tribe of the Laytonville Rancheria in northern California.", "sourceIds": [ "p162-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "The Tribe’s introduction explains the Long Valley villages and the name Tlokyáhan, “Grass People,” alongside the name Cahto.", "sourceIds": [ "p162-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "Its public introduction discusses homeland, language loss, and cultural symbols. The government home page provides access to the present tribal institution.", "sourceIds": [ "p162-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p162-s1", "url": "https://cahtotribe-nsn.gov/about/", "title": "About the Cahto Tribe", "publisher": "Cahto Tribe", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p162-s2", "url": "https://cahtotribe-nsn.gov/", "title": "Cahto Tribe of the Laytonville Rancheria", "publisher": "Cahto Tribe", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 162, "preferredName": "Cahto", "added": false, "slug": "kato", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Katzie First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community-government route", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Katzie First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community route in the BC Assembly directory. Roster inclusion does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or identity with a broader people label. Government details and relationships remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body, selected exact name and administrative-region label at lines 253-255; explicit BC heading at line 11. Previously readable body inspected October 26, 2026 and reused for this bounded name-only pass. No linked history, ethnicity, territory, photographs or map interaction reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "katzie-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Kaw Nation, Oklahoma", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Oklahoma", "overview": "Kaw Nation, Oklahoma has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "kaw-nation-oklahoma", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "name": "Kenaitze Indian Tribe", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Kenaitze Indian Tribe has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 882; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "kenaitze-indian-tribe", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Keres", "region": "New Mexico", "kind": "Language-linked grouping", "overview": "Keres is a language-related grouping associated with several Pueblo communities, not one tribal government.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Keres is a language-related grouping associated with several Pueblo communities, not one tribal government.", "sourceIds": [ "p163-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "Smithsonian archival descriptions connect Acoma, Laguna, and Santo Domingo/Kewa materials, but archival grouping should not erase each Pueblo’s sovereignty.", "sourceIds": [ "p163-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "Kewa’s public history offers one specific Keres-speaking community perspective; compare it with the separate Acoma, Cochiti, Laguna, San Felipe, Santa Ana, and Zia entries.", "sourceIds": [ "p163-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p163-s1", "url": "https://www.si.edu/object/archives/components/sova-naa-1976-95-ref14637", "title": "Acoma/Laguna/Santo Domingo (Keresan)", "publisher": "Smithsonian Institution", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p163-s2", "url": "https://home.nps.gov/places/pueblo-of-santo-domingo-kewa-pueblo.htm", "title": "Pueblo of Santo Domingo (Kewa Pueblo)", "publisher": "National Park Service", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 4, 80, 164, 179, 331, 333, 452 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 163, "added": false, "slug": "keres", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] }, { "name": "Ketchikan Indian Community", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Ketchikan Indian Community has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 884; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "ketchikan-indian-community", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Kewa Pueblo", "region": "New Mexico / Rio Grande", "kind": "Pueblo nation", "overview": "Kewa Pueblo, also known in historical sources as Santo Domingo Pueblo, is a Keres-speaking community between Albuquerque and Santa Fe.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Kewa Pueblo, also known in historical sources as Santo Domingo Pueblo, is a Keres-speaking community between Albuquerque and Santa Fe.", "sourceIds": [ "p164-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "Its public history follows continuity through Spanish and U.S. colonization, the railroad, and Route 66.", "sourceIds": [ "p164-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "Jewelry and pottery are prominent in public cultural accounts. The National Archives guide offers a separate route into records under both Kewa and Santo Domingo names.", "sourceIds": [ "p164-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p164-s1", "url": "https://home.nps.gov/places/pueblo-of-santo-domingo-kewa-pueblo.htm", "title": "Pueblo of Santo Domingo (Kewa Pueblo)", "publisher": "National Park Service", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p164-s2", "url": "https://www.archives.gov/files/education/native-communities/desertsouthwest-nativecommunities-guide.pdf", "title": "Native Communities — Desert Southwest", "publisher": "National Archives", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 163 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 164, "added": false, "slug": "kewa-pueblo", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] }, { "name": "Keweenaw Bay Indian Community", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Michigan", "overview": "Keweenaw Bay Indian Community is a distinct Michigan government whose public materials connect formal organization with health and cultural care. Its hosted Constitution and By-Laws is labeled approved in 1936 and amended. The historical preamble names L'Anse, Lac Vieux Desert and Ontonagon bands, while the selected governing-body provisions describe a Tribal Council. Those words belong to the publication's historical framework; they should not erase later governmental changes or determine another present government's identity. The Community's preservation office describes its creation in 2005, care for language, art and historical resources, and archives containing elder interviews and documentary materials. Its public notice also makes clear that some knowledge is withheld and archive access is restricted. A health-service account adds a local institutional history beginning in 1971 and describes recruiting a physician and developing community-run services. This starting selection introduces self-government through concrete institutions while leaving current law, individual eligibility, sensitive knowledge and independently measured program outcomes outside its claims.", "relationshipNote": "The State’s individual entry explicitly describes Keweenaw Bay Indian Community in relation to the Lake Superior Band of Chippewa Indians. This is a specifically named government, not a substitute for every Chippewa community.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "A dated framework and changing institutions", "text": "The constitutional publication names the Community and sets out a Tribal Council. Read its 1936 heading and amendment context carefully: a hosted historical framework does not independently establish every rule now in force. Historical band names in a preamble also do not settle the identities of separate present governments.", "sourceIds": [ "c3-kb-constitution" ] }, { "title": "Preservation and health as community work", "text": "The preservation office describes care for historical resources and restricted archives; the health service recounts building tribally operated care. These accounts show specific institutional priorities. They do not authorize access to confidential knowledge or establish how well every service currently reaches community members.", "sourceIds": [ "c3-kb-preservation", "c3-kb-health" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c3-kb-constitution", "title": "Constitution and By-Laws", "publisher": "Keweenaw Bay Indian Community", "url": "https://www.kbic-nsn.gov/tribal-governance/constitution/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Historical government", "Constitution" ], "annotation": "A primary constitutional publication for this government, useful for its dated formal framework. Historical constituent-band naming is not present-day identity equivalence; no citizenship advice or current-law completeness claim is made.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual selected web text lines 202–209 and 242–250 read: dated heading, preamble, territorial statement and governing-body provisions. Membership text was exposed but is not synthesized; later sections, amendment instruments and current implementation not verified.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "c3-kb-preservation", "title": "Tribal Historic Preservation", "publisher": "Keweenaw Bay Indian Community", "url": "https://www.kbic-nsn.gov/departments/tribal-historic-preservation/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Cultural preservation", "Archives", "Community institutions" ], "annotation": "The Community explains its preservation office and explicitly distinguishes public description from restricted knowledge. Its administrative legal summary is attributed, not independently audited; no protected archive content is reproduced.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual project-history and archive text lines 213–220 read, especially 2005 office creation, mission, archive materials and restrictions. Private/archive contents, requests, sensitive locations and linked materials not investigated.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "c3-kb-health", "title": "About Us — Health Services", "publisher": "Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Health and Human Services", "url": "https://kbichealth.net/about-us/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community health history", "Institution building" ], "annotation": "A community health institution recounts its own development. Broad national-first claims and undated service comparisons are not repeated; this is historical/institutional orientation rather than clinical guidance or an access guarantee.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual mission/vision and history body lines 6–20 read. Synthesis uses 1971 starting point, physician recruitment and tribally operated services. Hours, contacts, patient access and outcomes not verified.", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/egle/about/tribal-relations", "publisher": "Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy", "scope": "Actual Michigan is home to12federally recognized Tribes list, lines447–470; only names, Michigan location and government kind used. Other page content and linked tribal destinations not reviewed for this pass.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/som/government/branches-of-government/tribal-government", "publisher": "State of Michigan", "scope": "Actual Tribal Governments in Michigan entries, lines147–234; used for exact name variants and only the specifically stated relationships noted in each candidate. No current figures, legal or historical chronology adopted.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "chippewa" ], "researchGaps": [ "Compare the constitutional publication with later amendments and original instruments before current-law claims.", "Broaden community voices, language, land and treaty history beyond these institutional introductions.", "Current health access and outcomes are unverified; protected archives and sensitive knowledge remain excluded." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A small actual-content collection supports a useful introduction to this named government, with explicit historical, access and interpretation limits. It is not comprehensive research or community endorsement.", "remainingLimits": [ "Compare the constitutional publication with later amendments and original instruments before current-law claims.", "Broaden community voices, language, land and treaty history beyond these institutional introductions.", "Current health access and outcomes are unverified; protected archives and sensitive knowledge remain excluded." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "c3-kb-constitution", "c3-kb-preservation", "c3-kb-health" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-03", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c3-kb-constitution", "reason": "A primary constitutional publication for this government, useful for its dated formal framework. Historical constituent-band naming is not present-day identity equivalence; no citizenship advice or current-law completeness claim is made." }, { "sourceId": "c3-kb-preservation", "reason": "The Community explains its preservation office and explicitly distinguishes public description from restricted knowledge. Its administrative legal summary is attributed, not independently audited; no protected archive content is reproduced." }, { "sourceId": "c3-kb-health", "reason": "A community health institution recounts its own development. Broad national-first claims and undated service comparisons are not repeated; this is historical/institutional orientation rather than clinical guidance or an access guarantee." } ], "scopeNote": "Named government route; broader people-level names and related governments remain distinct. Source dates, inspection scope and remaining gaps are retained.", "reviewBasis": "Actual selected source bodies read in this review. Prior identification evidence remains separate and does not count as substantive reading.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Compare the constitutional publication with later amendments and original instruments before current-law claims.", "Broaden community voices, language, land and treaty history beyond these institutional introductions.", "Current health access and outcomes are unverified; protected archives and sensitive knowledge remain excluded." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "imageRecordId": "kbic-restoration-usfs-2024" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "This reviewed starting guide records selected actual-content sources, their perspectives and access limits. Reused earlier reviews retain their original dates/scopes; images and repeated URLs do not create new historical works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "keweenaw-bay-indian-community", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MI", "name": "Michigan", "key": "us-mi" } ] }, { "name": "K'iche'", "region": "Guatemala / southern Mexico", "kind": "Maya people", "overview": "K’iche’ is a distinct Maya people rooted in the Guatemalan highlands, with communities also living in southern Mexico.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "K’iche’ is a distinct Maya people rooted in the Guatemalan highlands, with communities also living in southern Mexico.", "sourceIds": [ "p169-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "INPI documents K’iche’ settlement in Campeche, Chiapas, and Quintana Roo following flight from Guatemala’s civil war in the 1980s.", "sourceIds": [ "p169-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "K’iche’ belongs to the Mayan language family. The language atlas records its Mexican communities; it should be read alongside Guatemalan K’iche’ sources.", "sourceIds": [ "p169-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p169-s1", "url": "https://catalogo.inpi.gob.mx/kiche/", "title": "Pueblo K’iche’", "publisher": "INPI", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p169-s2", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/kiches-lengua/", "title": "K’iches — Lengua", "publisher": "INPI", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 202 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 169, "added": false, "slug": "kiche", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico", "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "Kickapoo", "region": "Great Lakes / Kansas / Oklahoma / Texas / Mexico", "kind": "People", "overview": "Kickapoo people continue in distinct communities and governments across the United States and Mexico. This Texas-focused reading path concerns the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas and selected cross-border, legal, language, education, family-policy, and planning sources; it does not represent every Kickapoo community. Several historical and ethnographic studies document particular periods and sites, while key parts of present-day community history still need direct, community-authored documentation.", "sections": [ { "title": "Distinct communities and the Texas-focused scope", "text": "Kickapoo people are represented by distinct communities and governments in the United States and Mexico. The 1983 Texas Band of Kickapoo Act used a specific legal relationship to the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma; the later Texas-hosted constitution packet’s preamble describes the Texas Tribe as organized separately and apart. The 2020 Interior Solicitor memorandum addresses a narrower federal-jurisdiction and fee-to-trust question. These records document legal wording and chronology, not every community’s own account of identity or the packet’s present consolidated legal status.", "sourceIds": [ "p165-s3", "p165-s4", "p165-s10" ] }, { "title": "Cross-border history and community participation", "text": "Two scholarly works by Elisabeth Mager Hois examine the Texas–Coahuila relationship through different publications and periods. Her 2010 chapter surveys migration and legal/economic history, drawing in part on published literature and interviews conducted in 1996–2002; the 2020 article focuses on border crossing and includes interviews from 1985–2005. Their claims are attributed to the author and periods, not counted as independent corroboration when repeated. A separate 2017 Texas intertribal public-safety report records the Texas Tribe’s participation in statewide planning; its schematic map serves the report’s planning purpose and does not define homelands. A 1867 account attributed to No-ko-aht, recorded by federal agent Franklin G. Adams and published in an edited 1932 article, offers a distinct contemporaneous perspective on a Kansas-to-Mexico journey, the Dove Creek attack, and treaty pressure. The mediation, editorial framing, and internal chronology/group-count discrepancies are explicit; this account is not treated as a verbatim or independently corroborated record. A 1875 translated diplomatic file gives the U.S. and Mexican governments’ competing positions and attached Coahuila reports during another removal effort. These are administrative perspectives, not neutral testimony; one Coahuila report states that some Kickapoo people remained at Nacimiento and other locations. The University of Texas at Austin finding aid identifies additional Latorre field notes, manuscripts, correspondence, and other collection materials relating primarily to El Nacimiento; the collection itself was not reviewed, and the archive states photography is prohibited and image publication/exhibition permission is not being granted. It is retained as a future research route, not counted as inspected primary evidence. A 2017 peer-reviewed comparison by Mager adds a Texas-focused account of land acquisition and the later economic history of the Texas Tribe, drawing on documentary research, participant observation, interviews reported from 1995–2015, and a cited 1981–1984 Land Acquisition Committee report. This is the same researcher represented by the 2010 and 2020 works; the article’s analytical thesis and interview-based claims are attributed and not treated as independent confirmation. Only the Kickapoo-focused historical passages were used; sensitive cultural descriptions were excluded.", "sourceIds": [ "p165-s5", "p165-s6", "p165-s11", "p165-s14", "p165-s15", "p165-s17", "p165-s18" ] }, { "title": "What the 1983 statute and 2020 legal memorandum address", "text": "The 1983 federal act authorizes specified services, land-acquisition activity in Maverick County, and border-passage provisions. A Texas-hosted scan of the Tribe’s constitution and attached federal records documents approval of the constitution in 1989 and later amendment elections/approvals in 2017 and 2018. Its scan labels and amendment numbering are not fully consistent, and this review did not verify whether it is the current consolidated text. The 2020 Interior memorandum addresses a narrower question about federal jurisdiction in 1934 and a particular fee-to-trust application. These are dated legal records, not legal advice or proof of current implementation. The 1875 diplomatic record shows an earlier U.S.–Mexico effort to arrange removal to U.S. reservations; it records official claims and proposals, not a complete account of individual or community decisions.", "sourceIds": [ "p165-s3", "p165-s4", "p165-s10", "p165-s15" ] }, { "title": "Education and language-related programs", "text": "The Texas Tribe’s education department publicly lists a Kickapoo language program alongside other services; some initiatives on the page are explicitly labeled under development. A 2011 INALI publication provides a much deeper, dated study of the Kickapoo variety in Coahuila: phonological analysis, an ethnographic overview based on fieldwork reported for 1980–1983 and later visits, and a practical writing-system chapter that describes consultation with speakers. The book documents a specific research and orthography project; it is not a current census of language use or a description of all Kickapoo communities. The Tribe-linked Education Department publication now provides a fuller first-party account. Its Language Department says it has developed and taught curriculum since 2017, creates learning materials, and incorporates language into Head Start, tutorial and summer programs. The Head Start page lists a Kickapoo immersion-language resource book, family-engagement activities and several learning platforms. These descriptions document the department’s published approach; they do not show measured language fluency, school outcomes or current class participation. The listed immersion book and software were not inspected. The public pages also describe family, disability and other supports, without supplying the evidence needed to evaluate their delivery.", "sourceIds": [ "p165-s8", "p165-s12", "p165-s21" ] }, { "title": "Publicly posted policy on family, culture, and community planning", "text": "A public copy of the Tribe’s Chapter 20 Indian Child Welfare Code frames child-welfare policy around protecting family and Tribal connections and preserving children’s opportunity to learn about culture and heritage. Only selected pages were reviewed; the code’s enactment date and current consolidated status remain unverified, so it is presented as a published primary policy text rather than current legal advice or evidence of outcomes. The Tribe’s June 2025 transportation safety plan records a planning process that brought together several Tribal departments and external safety partners, using TxDOT and Tribal Police data while noting limits in the latter. Among its proposed strategies are community and school outreach, including media messages that use or honor Tribal/local language, symbols, or culture. These are dated plans and proposals, not proof of implementation or a general description of Kickapoo culture. The plan’s crash data, precise locations, appendices, and web GIS were not reviewed or reproduced.", "sourceIds": [ "p165-s19", "p165-s20" ] }, { "title": "A dated housing and community-development case study", "text": "A short HUD case feature describes housing and community-development projects involving the Texas Tribe, including FEMA mobile homes during 2009–2013 and a wellness-center project. The page’s publication date is unstated, so it is useful for a limited historical case study rather than present-day program or demographic information.", "sourceIds": [ "p165-s7" ] }, { "title": "A historical synthesis and its unresolved chronology", "text": "A 2010 UNAM chapter and the 2011 INALI study trace Kickapoo histories through Great Lakes, Midwestern, Texas, and Coahuila settings, while focusing on different communities and drawing on different evidence. The chapter describes multiple migrations and the establishment of El Nacimiento; its own notes show disagreements among cited authors about the timing and victims of the 1873 El Remolino attack and about land-area figures. The 2011 study records its author’s fieldwork and ethnographic observations for specified periods. These works add valuable historical and language context but should be read alongside the relevant treaties, statutes, and distinct community sources rather than combined into a seamless migration story. The edited 1932 publication of No-ko-aht’s 1867 account also gives his perspective on the journey south and Dove Creek conflict. Its dates and numbers differ from the editor’s prefatory narrative, so the page preserves the discrepancy and does not use the account alone to settle the event chronology. A separate 1875 U.S.–Mexico diplomatic file preserves competing government arguments over attempts to move Kickapoo people from Mexico to U.S. reservations, alongside Coahuila reports that some remained at Nacimiento and other places. Because these are translated diplomatic and administrative documents written within removal negotiations, their language, numbers, and claims are attributed to the officials rather than treated as neutral or complete community testimony. Pool’s later study of Dove Creek adds a selected-page military-history reconstruction of the 1865 attack; only pages 367, 375, 379, and 385 were inspected, and its interpretation is not a community account. Mager’s 2017 comparative study adds another dated account of Texas land acquisition and economic change, based partly on interviews and a committee report, but shares an author with the 2010 and 2020 studies and does not provide independent corroboration of their repeated claims.", "sourceIds": [ "p165-s11", "p165-s12", "p165-s3", "p165-s4", "p165-s14", "p165-s15", "p165-s16", "p165-s18" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p165-s1", "url": "https://www.kickapootribeofoklahoma.com/home", "title": "Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma", "publisher": "Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "The Oklahoma Tribe’s official homepage is retained as a community access point. It was not substantively reviewed for this Texas-focused supplement and does not count toward its source target.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Homepage/access point only; excluded from the substantive inspected-work count." }, { "id": "p165-s2", "url": "https://kickapootexas.org/", "title": "Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas", "publisher": "Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "The Texas Tribe’s official homepage was checked for the site’s own identification and current contact/navigation context. This brief landing page does not count as a substantive historical or educational work.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Homepage/access point only; excluded from the substantive inspected-work count.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Homepage identification statement and navigation rechecked; directly linked Tribal Education Canva publication establishes its departmental connection. Undated enrollment total and linked member services not used." }, { "id": "p165-s3", "title": "Texas Band of Kickapoo Act, Public Law 97-429", "publisher": "U.S. Congress", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/97/statute/STATUTE-96/STATUTE-96-Pg2269.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Federal law", "Texas", "Border crossing" ], "annotation": "The 1983 statute names the Texas Band as a subgroup of the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma, authorizes federal services and land acquisition in Maverick County, and addresses passage across the international border. It records the law as enacted then; it is not a complete account of later legal status or present implementation.", "publicationDate": "1983-01-08", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Entire three-page enacted statute read; land authority, services and border-passage provisions inspected.", "accessNotes": "Publicly readable during this review.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p165-s4", "title": "Federal Jurisdiction Status of the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas in 1934", "publisher": "U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of the Solicitor", "url": "https://www.bia.gov/sites/default/files/dup/assets/bia/ois/ots/pdf/Kickapoo_Traditional_Tribe_of_Texas.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Federal law", "Texas", "Legal history" ], "annotation": "This 2020 solicitor memorandum addresses a specific federal-jurisdiction question and a pending fee-to-trust application. It distinguishes the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act analysis from the later 1983 statute. Its conclusion is limited to that legal issue and should not be read as a complete or current legal account, or as legal advice.", "publicationDate": "2020-12-16", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "PDF pages 1–7 and 23–24 inspected, including background and conclusion; the other pages and current implementation were not reviewed.", "accessNotes": "Publicly readable during this review.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p165-s5", "title": "Tribes of Texas Report", "publisher": "Texas Tribal Strategic Advisory Group; Texas Department of Public Safety", "url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/sites/default/files/documents/iod/interop/docs/tribestexasfirstnetreport.pdf", "type": "Government / intertribal report", "topics": [ "Texas", "Community participation", "Public safety" ], "annotation": "A 2017 public-safety broadband report includes a Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas profile and documents the Tribe’s participation in a statewide intertribal planning effort. The migration map is schematic and designed for this report’s purpose; it is not reproduced or treated as a homeland boundary. Dated population and service figures are excluded.", "publicationDate": "2017-09", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Inspected PDF pages 4–5, 12–13 and 19–21, including participant list, map context and Kickapoo profile; references screened. Other profiles and dated population/service figures not used.", "accessNotes": "Publicly readable during this review.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p165-s6", "title": "El problema de la frontera México-Estados Unidos para la tribu kikapu de Coahuila-Texas", "publisher": "Elisabeth Albine Mager Hois; Punto CUNorte", "url": "https://revistas.cunorte.udg.mx/punto/article/download/87/325?inline=1", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Texas", "Coahuila", "Border history" ], "annotation": "This Spanish-language scholarly article analyzes how the U.S.–Mexico border affected Kickapoo communities in Texas and Coahuila. It combines earlier published literature with interviews conducted between 1985 and 2005. Interpretations and interview accounts are attributed to the author and their stated period; disagreements and broad claims are not presented as settled facts.", "publicationDate": "2020", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Full article body, from abstract and introduction through relevant historical sections, conclusion and references, read. Restricted cultural descriptions were deliberately excluded from the synthesis.", "accessNotes": "Publicly readable during this review.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p165-s7", "title": "The Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas: “Doing More with Less”", "publisher": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development", "url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/kickapootraditionaltribe.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Texas", "Housing", "Community development" ], "annotation": "A short federal case feature describes a dated sequence of housing and community-development work, including FEMA mobile homes from 2009 to 2013 and a wellness-center project. It offers a narrow program history; undated publication details and old demographic or funding figures do not establish current conditions.", "publicationDate": "Undated; reviewed 2026-10-23", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Entire three-page case feature read. Publication date is not stated; time-specific project descriptions were retained while dated figures were excluded.", "accessNotes": "Publicly readable during this review.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p165-s8", "title": "Kickapoo Tribal Education", "publisher": "Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas", "url": "https://kickapootexas.org/kickapoo-tribal-education/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Education", "Language", "Community programs" ], "annotation": "The Tribe’s education department describes its mission and lists education and language-related programs. Some initiatives are explicitly labeled as under development on the page; the listing is not evidence of current operation or outcomes. Useful community context, but brief and excluded from the substantive-work count.", "publicationDate": "Undated page; reviewed 2026-10-23", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Actual page body inspected: department mission, program list, and the status labels identifying initiatives under development; linked materials not reviewed.", "accessNotes": "Public page; no linked program materials inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Useful supporting context, but not a substantive work for the profile target." }, { "id": "p165-s9", "title": "Cultural Identity and Economic Challenges: The Socio-Economic Impact of the Texas Kickapoo Reservation in the South Texas Borderlands", "publisher": "Diana P. Medina-Rendon; Texas A&M International University Repository", "url": "https://rio.tamiu.edu/etds/217/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Texas", "Economy", "Borderlands" ], "annotation": "The repository record supplies a 2025 thesis abstract relevant to Texas Kickapoo economic history. The full thesis was not read, and no access restriction was verified; retain it as a lead rather than count it as inspected evidence.", "publicationDate": "2025; abstract reviewed 2026-10-23", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Repository metadata and abstract inspected. Full-text download request failed in the search tool; this does not establish a reader paywall.", "accessNotes": "Full text unread; access requirement not verified.", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Useful supporting context, but not a substantive work for the profile target." }, { "id": "p165-s10", "title": "Constitution of the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas, with scanned amendment and federal election/approval records", "publisher": "Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas; U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs", "url": "https://kickapootexas.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Constitution-with-Amendment-A-and-B.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led / government primary document", "topics": [ "Tribal government", "Constitution", "Texas", "Legal history" ], "annotation": "The Tribe-hosted 20-page scan includes the constitution and BIA election/approval papers from 1989, 2017, and 2018. The preamble describes organization as a Tribe separate and apart from the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma; the 1989 approval certificate states that its approval does not authorize action contrary to federal law. Later papers document amendments to constitutional provisions. The scan’s cover wording and included amendment-number labels are not fully consistent, and it is not independently verified here as the currently operative consolidated constitution. It is a primary historical/governance record, not legal advice or a source for private enrollment details.", "publicationDate": "1989 constitution; amendment/election papers 2017 and 2018", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Scanned PDF pages 1–3 and 14–20 visually inspected: preamble, jurisdiction/governance passages, 1989 approval certificate, amendment text, and BIA election/approval records. Individual names/rolls and membership criteria were not transcribed.", "accessNotes": "Publicly downloadable scan on the Tribe’s official website; image-based PDF rather than searchable text.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p165-s11", "title": "Historia de la tribu kikapú y de su problemática", "publisher": "Elisabeth A. Mager Hois; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (CISAN, Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, FES Acatlán)", "url": "https://ru.micisan.unam.mx/bitstream/123456789/21273/1/L0081_0101.pdf", "type": "Academic", "topics": [ "Texas", "Coahuila", "Migration history", "Community relations" ], "annotation": "This 2010 Spanish-language book chapter surveys Kickapoo histories from the Great Lakes to Coahuila and Texas and discusses the formation of the Texas community, cross-border relations, land, federal recognition, and the Lucky Eagle casino context. It is a scholarly synthesis by one author drawing on earlier publications and field interviews with Kickapoo and Múzquiz residents (1996–2002); its interpretations are not a community-authored consensus. The chapter itself notes contradictory dates and figures in cited works, including the 1873 El Remolino attack and land-area totals. Read those passages as attributed historical claims rather than settled facts. The repository lists open access and CC BY-NC-ND 4.0; only a link is reproduced here.", "publicationDate": "2010; chapter pages 101–113", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Full 13-page chapter read (printed pages 101–113), including historical narrative, El Nacimiento and Texas sections, source notes, and references.", "accessNotes": "Open-access PDF through UNAM repository; Spanish language; repository metadata lists CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p165-s12", "title": "El sistema fonológico del Kickapoo de Coahuila analizado desde las metodologías distribucional y funcional", "publisher": "José Luis Moctezuma Zamarrón and Fernando Nava López; Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas (INALI)", "url": "https://site.inali.gob.mx/pdf/libro_kickapoo.pdf", "type": "Academic / government publication", "topics": [ "Kickapoo language", "Coahuila", "Ethnography", "Orthography" ], "annotation": "A substantial Spanish-language study combines a short ethnographic overview of the El Nacimiento community with two phonological analyses of the Coahuila variety and a chapter on a practical writing system. The author reports six months of fieldwork in 1980–1983 and later visits in 1988 and 2010; a later chapter describes consultation and community decision-making in developing a practical alphabet. These are dated, author-attributed observations, not a measure of present language use or a universal account of every Kickapoo community. Restricted cultural descriptions were excluded from the atlas synthesis.", "publicationDate": "2011", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Selected sections in the 146-page PDF: printed pages 13–23 (method, community geography/history and economic context), 30–45 (social organization, language-use description), and 109–120 (practical alphabet). Other chapters and restricted cultural descriptions were not used.", "accessNotes": "Public PDF hosted by INALI; all-rights-reserved notice appears in the publication. Link only; no text or figures reproduced.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p165-s13", "title": "Kickapoo — Atlas de las lenguas indígenas de México", "publisher": "Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas (INALI)", "url": "https://atlas.inali.gob.mx/variantes/ficha/010101", "type": "Government / language reference", "topics": [ "Kickapoo language", "Coahuila", "Language documentation" ], "annotation": "This Mexican government language-atlas page identifies the Kickapoo language in Múzquiz, Coahuila, links to the INALI phonology study, and summarizes historical/language material. Its high-risk classification and speaker figures rely on 2000 and 2010 census-era data; those figures are dated and are not presented here as current. The page also includes interpretive claims about cultural change that are not treated as established fact. Retained as a dated guide to the language-resource trail, not as a substantive source for the profile target.", "publicationDate": "Copyright 2016; census figures cited are from 2000 and 2010", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Page sections on history, neighboring languages, revitalization, risk methodology, migration, and bibliography links read. Underlying 2000/2010 census data not independently recalculated.", "accessNotes": "Public INALI atlas page; Spanish language; underlying linked study reviewed separately as p165-s12.", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Useful dated government language-reference page, but its data are old and it partly points to the substantive INALI study already counted." }, { "id": "p165-s14", "title": "No-ko-aht’s Talk: A Kickapoo Chief’s Account of a Tribal Journey from Kansas to Mexico and Return in the Sixties", "publisher": "George A. Root, editor; Kansas Historical Society; account recorded by Franklin G. Adams", "url": "https://www.kansashistory.gov/p/no-ko-aht-s-talk/12542", "type": "Historical primary account / archival publication", "topics": [ "Texas", "Kansas", "Coahuila", "Migration history", "Dove Creek conflict", "Treaty history" ], "annotation": "The article prints a May 31, 1867 account attributed to Kickapoo leader No-ko-aht and recorded in shorthand by federal agent Franklin G. Adams. No-ko-aht describes travel between Kansas and Mexico, the 1865 Dove Creek conflict, life in Coahuila, and his objections to treaty pressure and settler encroachment. This is a historically valuable but mediated account: the recorder was a federal agent, George A. Root edited and published it in 1932, and the surrounding editorial narrative uses period terminology and makes claims that should not be adopted as neutral fact. The printed account and editorial summary also differ in chronology and group counts; the discrepancy is retained rather than reconciled here.", "publicationDate": "Interview recorded May 31, 1867; edited/published February 1932, Kansas Historical Quarterly 1(2), pp. 153–159", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Full transcribed article and footnotes read, pp.153–159. Inspected the editor’s account and the attributed No-ko-aht statement; no independent corroboration of every event, date, casualty number, or quotation was established.", "accessNotes": "Public transcription hosted by Kansas Historical Society; source page states digitized with permission. Historical spellings, editorial framing, and one illegible passage are retained as source limitations.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p165-s15", "title": "Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1875, Volume II, Document 444", "publisher": "U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian", "url": "https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1875v02/d145", "type": "Government / primary source", "topics": [ "Kickapoo", "Coahuila", "U.S.–Mexico diplomacy", "1875 removal negotiations" ], "publicationDate": "1875", "annotation": "A translated diplomatic exchange and attached Coahuila state reports concerning U.S. efforts to move Kickapoo and other Indigenous people from Mexico to U.S. reservations. It records competing U.S. and Mexican government positions, and a Coahuila commissioner’s reports of negotiations, departures, and people still at Nacimiento and elsewhere. Those documents use coercive period language and reflect government interests; their stated counts and characterizations are not treated as neutral community testimony or a complete account of consent, movement, or later residence.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Full indexed document 444 read, including the U.S. minister’s dispatch, translated Mexican foreign-ministry reply, two attached Coahuila reports, and follow-up U.S. reply. The figures and claims are attributed to the specific officials; no independent corroboration of the reported counts or agreement was established.", "accessNotes": "Full transcription publicly readable through the U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p165-s16", "title": "The Battle of Dove Creek", "publisher": "William C. Pool; Southwestern Historical Quarterly / Texas State Historical Association; The Portal to Texas History, University of North Texas Libraries", "url": "https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101126/m1/471/", "type": "Scholarly historical article", "topics": [ "Kickapoo", "Dove Creek", "Texas history", "1865" ], "publicationDate": "1950-04", "annotation": "Pool’s 19-page article reconstructs the January 8, 1865 Dove Creek battle using military correspondence and other records. This review inspected selected pages 367, 375, 379, and 385 only; the rest of the article was not read. The excerpt documents the attackers’ uncertain identification of the camp and the author’s reliance on conflicting reports. Its mid-20th-century military-history framing is attributed to Pool, and the article is not treated as a Kickapoo community account or as independent confirmation of every casualty or movement claim.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Selected OCR-extracted article pages 367, 375, 379, and 385 were read via the UNT Portal; page images and article title/issue metadata were inspected. This is a limited excerpt review, not a full-article reading. OCR errors are possible.", "accessNotes": "Selected page transcriptions and images publicly readable through UNT Portal; automatic OCR may contain errors.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p165-s17", "title": "Latorre Collection on the Kickapoo Indigenous peoples of Mexico: finding aid", "publisher": "Nettie Lee Benson Latin American Collection, University of Texas Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin", "url": "https://archives.lib.utexas.edu/repositories/4/resources/856", "type": "Archive finding aid", "topics": [ "Kickapoo", "El Nacimiento", "Coahuila", "Archives" ], "publicationDate": "Finding aid revised 2025", "annotation": "This detailed finding aid describes a collection of field notes, manuscripts, photographs, correspondence, and research materials, primarily concerning Kickapoo life in El Nacimiento and collected mainly during 1960–1975. It helps readers locate future primary-source research but is not a substitute for examining the materials themselves. The archive states that cell-phone photography is not permitted and that it is not granting permission to publish or exhibit collection images until further notice; standard copyright restrictions also apply. No collection images or restricted records are reproduced here.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Full public finding aid sections on scope and contents, dates, language, access/use restrictions, collector background, collection organization, and repository details read. Collection materials themselves were not inspected.", "accessNotes": "Public finding aid; underlying collection is subject to stated in-person access and image-use restrictions. These restrictions concern archive use, not a verified reader paywall.", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Archive finding aid and access description; underlying primary materials have not been inspected, so this reference does not count toward substantive works." }, { "id": "p165-s18", "title": "Ethnic Consciousness in Cultural Survival: The Morongo Band of Mission Indians and the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas", "publisher": "Elisabeth A. Mager; translation by Heather Dashner Monk; American Indian Culture and Research Journal / eScholarship, University of California", "url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8831d4bd", "type": "Peer-reviewed scholarly article", "topics": [ "Texas", "Coahuila", "Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas", "Land and community history" ], "publicationDate": "2017", "doi": "10.17953/aicrj.41.1.mager", "annotation": "This peer-reviewed comparative study includes a dedicated section on the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas and El Nacimiento. Mager identifies documentary research, participant observation, and interviews as methods and cites interviews conducted from 1995 to 2015, along with the Texas Tribe’s 1981–1984 Land Acquisition Committee report. Selected passages discuss land acquisition and economic history; the author’s theory of “ethnic consciousness,” causal claims, and generalizations remain her interpretation, not a community consensus. This is the same researcher represented by sources 6 and 11, so repeated claims are not independent corroboration. Cultural descriptions outside the selected historical scope were not used.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read article metadata and research-method statement (printed pp.47–48), Kickapoo-focused land and Texas economic-history passages (printed pp.61–63), and the corresponding cited notes on printed p.71. The comparative sections about Morongo and detailed ceremonial/cultural descriptions were not used. Claims are attributed to the author and the dates/interview sources stated in her notes.", "accessNotes": "Full article publicly available from eScholarship; its record lists a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license. The atlas links to the article and does not reproduce its text or images.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p165-s19", "title": "2025 Strategic Tribal Transportation Safety Plan", "publisher": "Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas; prepared with Red Plains Professional", "url": "https://kickapootexas.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/KTTT-Road-Safety-Plan-2025.pdf", "type": "Tribal government planning document", "topics": [ "Texas", "Tribal government", "Community planning", "Education" ], "publicationDate": "2025-06", "annotation": "A public planning document prepared for the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas with consultant Red Plains Professional. It records a 2024 safety-planning grant, coordination among Tribal departments and outside safety partners, and proposed outreach and transportation-safety strategies. The text calls for some media to use or honor Tribal/local language, symbols, or culture. It is evidence of a dated planning process and stated strategies, not proof that proposed actions were completed or a general account of Kickapoo culture. The 127-page PDF includes digital appendices and an earlier plan; this guide does not reproduce crash data, locations, or appendices.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the 2025 plan’s title, contents, vision/introduction, plan-development and safety-partner sections (printed pp. 1–4), and selected education, outreach, data-management, and implementation sections (printed pp. 34–41). The appendices, underlying crash records, exact location data, web GIS application, and 2015 plan were not inspected.", "accessNotes": "Public PDF hosted on the Tribe’s official website. No reuse license was identified; the atlas links to the document and does not reproduce its maps or data.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p165-s20", "title": "Indian Child Welfare Code, Chapter 20", "publisher": "Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas", "url": "https://kickapootexas.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/KTTT-Ch-20-Indian-Child-Welfare-Code.pdf", "type": "Tribal code / primary government text", "topics": [ "Texas", "Tribal law", "Family and community policy", "Cultural continuity" ], "annotation": "This public copy of Chapter 20 states the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas’s child-welfare policy goals, including protecting family and Tribal connections and preserving children’s opportunity to learn about culture and heritage. It is a primary policy text, not evidence of program outcomes or a complete account of Kickapoo child-rearing traditions. The URL indicates a 2017 upload path, but the text’s enactment date and whether this is the current consolidated code were not verified; do not use it as current legal advice.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Inspected selected pages of the public 49-page PDF: opening policy and definitions (printed pp. 1–2), jurisdiction and confidentiality provisions (pp. 5–6), and the second policy section (pp. 10–12). The remaining code was not read, and the code’s enactment/amendment history and current status were not verified. No case details or confidential information were used.", "accessNotes": "Public PDF hosted on the Tribe’s official website. No reuse license was identified; the atlas links to the text without reproducing it.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p165-s21", "title": "Tribal Education Department — mission, Language Department and Head Start program collection", "publisher": "Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas, Tribal Education Department", "url": "https://ktttribal-education.my.canva.site/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Education", "Language", "Texas", "Early childhood", "Community programs" ], "annotation": "The Tribe-linked departmental publication supplies a direct account of its language curriculum, learning materials, Head Start resources and family supports. The Language page dates its curriculum work to 2017 and describes classes and integration with other education programs; Head Start lists a Kickapoo immersion-language resource book and family-engagement resources. These are the department’s descriptions and aims, not independently evaluated participation, fluency or learning outcomes. The three selected public pages are one continuing collection, not three separate works.", "publicationDate": "Undated public pages; reviewed 2026-10-26", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Read actual rendered public Home Page mission and program navigation, the complete Language Department body, and Head Start program/resources, curriculum platforms, family services, health/disability and food-service descriptions. The official kickapootexas.org homepage links directly to this Canva-hosted department site. Text was read in the normal browser because automated extraction returned no body. Personal staff/contact details, schedules, numerical health deadlines and promotional quality claims were not used in synthesis. No member-only material, classes, lesson books, student records or software were accessed; no photographs reproduced.", "accessNotes": "Publicly readable in the browser without an account. Automated web extraction returned an empty body; this is not evidence of a reader paywall.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Home Page — department mission", "url": "https://ktttribal-education.my.canva.site/", "scope": "Mission and public program navigation; linked by the Tribe’s official homepage." }, { "title": "Language Department", "url": "https://ktttribal-education.my.canva.site/language", "scope": "Complete public body, including curriculum work dated to 2017, program integration and stated learning routes; no classes or teaching materials inspected." }, { "title": "Head Start", "url": "https://ktttribal-education.my.canva.site/head-start", "scope": "Complete public program description and listed resources/supports; no underlying immersion book, software, child records or outcomes reviewed." } ] } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 165, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p165-s3", "p165-s4", "p165-s6", "p165-s10", "p165-s11", "p165-s12", "p165-s14", "p165-s15", "p165-s16", "p165-s18", "p165-s19", "p165-s20" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "coverageLevel": "reviewed-source-guide", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "rationale": "Fifteen substantive inspected works support this Texas-focused introduction. The newly inspected Tribe-linked departmental collection strengthens the direct community-published evidence on language teaching and early childhood education. Its program descriptions are not outcome evaluations, and the actual immersion resource book and classes were not reviewed. The wider historical and cross-community gaps, institution-centered older sources, shared authorship among several scholarly works and absence of community review still prevent an adequacy or completion claim.", "remainingLimits": [ "The Tribe-linked education collection is now reviewed, including its public language and Head Start descriptions. Community-authored historical accounts, the underlying learning materials where publicly appropriate, and independent documentation of program outcomes still need review.", "Review the full 2025 TAMIU thesis; only its abstract and repository record were inspected, and the automated download returned 403 without establishing a reader access requirement.", "The constitution PDF is an image-based scan containing the 1989 constitution and later election/approval papers; amendment naming/numbering is inconsistent, and current consolidated status was not verified.", "Add distinct community perspectives from Kickapoo communities in Oklahoma, Kansas, and Mexico; this supplement cannot stand for them.", "The two Mager Hois works overlap in subject and author; repeated claims are not independent corroboration. Their interviews and observations cover earlier periods, so current cross-border conditions remain unestablished.", "No community review or endorsement is recorded.", "The 1875 diplomatic file and attached Coahuila reports are translated government documents produced during removal negotiations; their claims, figures, language, and accounts of agreement are not neutral or a complete record of community decisions.", "Pool’s 1950 Dove Creek article was reviewed only on pages 367, 375, 379, and 385. Its military-history interpretation and OCR-derived excerpts require full-article and source-comparison review before broader claims are made.", "Mager’s 2017 comparison was read only in selected sections. It shares an author with the 2010 and 2020 works, uses earlier interviews/documentary research, advances an interpretive thesis, and includes cultural descriptions outside the scope used here; its repeated claims are not independent evidence.", "The 2025 transportation plan records dated planning priorities and proposals; implementation/outcomes were not checked, and the detailed crash-data appendices and web GIS remain unreviewed.", "The publicly posted Chapter 20 child-welfare code was read only in selected sections; enactment/amendment history and current consolidated status were not verified." ] }, "researchGaps": [ "The 1867 No-ko-aht account was recorded in shorthand by federal agent Franklin G. Adams and edited by George A. Root in 1932. The editorial narrative and attributed account differ on dates and group counts; neither is treated as independently conclusive.", "The Tribe-linked education collection is now reviewed, including its public language and Head Start descriptions. Community-authored historical accounts, the underlying learning materials where publicly appropriate, and independent documentation of program outcomes still need review.", "Review the full 2025 TAMIU thesis; only its abstract and repository record were inspected, and the automated download returned 403 without establishing a reader access requirement.", "The constitution PDF is an image-based scan containing the 1989 constitution and later election/approval papers; amendment naming/numbering is inconsistent, and current consolidated status was not verified.", "Add distinct community perspectives from Kickapoo communities in Oklahoma, Kansas, and Mexico; this supplement cannot stand for them.", "The two Mager Hois works overlap in subject and author; repeated claims are not independent corroboration. Their interviews and observations cover earlier periods, so current cross-border conditions remain unestablished.", "No community review or endorsement is recorded.", "The 1875 diplomatic file and attached Coahuila reports are translated government documents produced during removal negotiations; their claims, figures, language, and accounts of agreement are not neutral or a complete record of community decisions.", "Pool’s 1950 Dove Creek article was reviewed only on pages 367, 375, 379, and 385. Its military-history interpretation and OCR-derived excerpts require full-article and source-comparison review before broader claims are made.", "The UT Austin Latorre finding aid points to potentially relevant archival materials about El Nacimiento, but the collection itself was not inspected; its stated photography and image-publication restrictions must be respected.", "Mager’s 2017 comparison was read only in selected sections. It shares an author with the 2010 and 2020 works, uses earlier interviews/documentary research, advances an interpretive thesis, and includes cultural descriptions outside the scope used here; its repeated claims are not independent evidence.", "The 2025 transportation plan’s appendices, detailed crash data and web GIS remain unreviewed; proposed safety strategies are not treated as completed actions.", "The public Chapter 20 code copy has an unverified enactment/amendment history and current status; further legal-history work is needed before describing it as current law." ], "evidenceNotes": [ "Texas-focused supplement reviewed 2026-10-23. Five sources count toward the substantive target; the two existing homepages, brief Tribal education page, and unread-full-text TAMIU thesis are excluded. Legal sources are limited to their stated questions and dates. The 2017 report’s map is not reproduced or used as territorial evidence. No historical-map association was added in this source-focused batch.", "2026-10-23 follow-up: reviewed a Tribe-hosted image-based constitution packet (selected scan pages 1–3 and 14–20), Mager Hois’s full 2010 UNAM chapter (printed pp.101–113), and selected substantial sections of Moctezuma Zamarrón and Nava López’s 2011 INALI publication (PDF/printed pages recorded in the cards). Added an INALI language-atlas lead as supporting only. Eight works now count toward the substantive target; five supporting cards remain excluded. Initial adequacy remains Still unfinished. No map association added.", "2026-10-23 follow-up: read the full Kansas Historical Society transcription of No-ko-aht’s 1867 account (published in an edited 1932 article, pp.153–159). Added it as a substantive historical primary account with explicit mediation, editorial-bias, chronology, and group-count limits. Nine substantive works now count toward the target; five supporting cards remain excluded. Initial adequacy remains Still unfinished. No map association added.", "2026-10-23 follow-up: read the full indexed 1875 FRUS document 444, including translated U.S.–Mexico correspondence and attached Coahuila reports, and inspected selected pages 367, 375, 379, and 385 of William C. Pool’s 1950 Dove Creek article through UNT Portal. The government records’ removal framing and counts are attributed and unresolved; Pool’s full article remains unread and OCR limits are disclosed. Eleven substantive works now count toward the target; five supporting cards remain excluded. Initial adequacy remains Still unfinished. No map association added.", "2026-10-23 source-search note: read the UT Austin Benson Latin American Collection finding aid for the Latorre Collection. Added it as a supporting access reference only; underlying field notes, manuscripts, photographs, and correspondence were not inspected. The archive’s current restrictions are reproduced in the source annotation. Kickapoo remains at 11 substantive inspected works; no map association added.", "2026-10-23 follow-up: inspected the eScholarship record and read Mager’s 2017 peer-reviewed comparative article in the methodological framing (printed pp.47–48), Kickapoo/Texas land and economic-history passages (pp.61–63), and related notes (p.71). It is the same author as the 2010 and 2020 works; argument, interview dates, perspective, and selected-page scope are explicit. Sensitive cultural descriptions were excluded. Twelve substantive works now count; six supporting references remain excluded. Initial adequacy remains Still unfinished. No map association added.", "2026-10-23 follow-up: inspected selected pages of the Tribe-hosted 2025 Strategic Tribal Transportation Safety Plan (printed pp. 1–4 and 34–41) and selected provisions of its public Chapter 20 Indian Child Welfare Code (pp. 1–2, 5–6, 10–12). Both are counted as substantive primary government works for their bounded topics. Safety-plan strategies are proposals, not outcomes; appendices, crash data and GIS were not inspected. The code copy’s enactment/current status was not verified. Fourteen substantive works now count; six supporting references remain excluded. Initial adequacy remains Still unfinished. No map added.", "2026-10-26: inspected the Tribe-linked Education Department Home/Language/Head Start pages in the browser as one substantive continuing work; fifteen substantive works now count. Program aims and descriptions are attributed, not adopted as demonstrated outcomes. Initial adequacy remains Still unfinished. Added a separately identified Texas-government queued route and a museum-cleared historical Kansas portrait only to this broad Kickapoo profile; no portrait assigned to the present Texas government." ], "relationshipNote": "Kickapoo is a broad people-level directory entry spanning distinct communities and governments. This supplement focuses on the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas. It does not collapse the Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, or Mexican communities into one government or imply that the Texas government represents all Kickapoo people.", "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "kickapoo-traditional-tribe-of-texas" ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-01", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p165-s21", "reason": "Begin with the Texas Tribe's own account of language education and family supports; the described programs are aims and activities, not measured outcomes." }, { "sourceId": "p165-s14", "reason": "No-ko-aht's attributed journey account brings a historical Kickapoo voice to cross-border movement, with the federal recorder and later editor kept visible." }, { "sourceId": "p165-s11", "reason": "This Spanish-language chapter supplies wider Great Lakes–Coahuila–Texas context while explicitly exposing disputed dates and the scholar's perspective." }, { "sourceId": "p165-s3", "reason": "The complete 1983 statute lets readers distinguish the enacted border-passage and land provisions from later institutional history and present law." } ], "scopeNote": "A broad people-level route with a Texas–Coahuila emphasis. Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Mexican communities are distinct; the Texas government is not a government for all Kickapoo people. The Spanish chapter is fully read in the prior review; No-ko-aht's account is mediated, and the statute is historical rather than current legal guidance.", "reviewRationale": "Four complementary entry points connect a living community institution, an attributed historical voice, regional scholarship and a short primary instrument without promoting navigation pages or duplicate accounts.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Wider community voices and original-record comparison remain uneven; Mager's related works are not independent corroboration.", "Keep the portrait labelled as Catlin's 1830 outside representation, probably associated with Fort Leavenworth; it does not depict a present Texas government member." ], "imageRecordId": "kickapoo-catlin-kee-an-ne-kuk-1830", "reviewBasis": "Review of existing actual-content source records, retained evidence ledgers and image identification/rights records. No new original-source inspection count, fresh image inspection or comprehensive completion is implied.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false }, "added": false, "slug": "kickapoo", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains", "Great Lakes", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-KS", "name": "Kansas", "key": "us-ks" }, { "id": "US-TX", "name": "Texas", "key": "us-tx" } ] }, { "name": "Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas", "originalId": null, "added": true, "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "directoryEntryType": "tribal-government", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "directoryQueueStatus": "Community-specific starting guide; further research remains open", "compiled": "2026-10-26", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "identityReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "overview": "The Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas has an individual government and community route near Eagle Pass and the Rio Grande. A Tribe-linked education collection and the 1983 federal act offer two useful starting perspectives. They concern this Texas context without replacing the histories of other Kickapoo communities in the United States and Mexico.", "overviewSourceIds": [ "p165-s21", "p165-s3" ], "relationshipNote": "Part of the wider Kickapoo people. This Texas-government card does not represent the Kansas, Oklahoma or Mexican communities. The existing broad Kickapoo reading collection contains a Texas-focused source supplement, which should be read with its stated limits.", "sharedReadingProfileSlug": "kickapoo", "region": "Texas / U.S.–Mexico border", "sections": [ { "title": "Language learning through a community institution", "text": "The Tribe-linked Education Department describes curriculum work dating to 2017, learning materials and language activities connected with Head Start, tutorial and summer programs. Its Head Start account also describes family and other supports. These are the institution’s published approach and aims; participation, language fluency and learning outcomes were not independently evaluated. The underlying immersion book and software were not inspected.", "sourceIds": [ "p165-s21" ] }, { "title": "A historical federal instrument", "text": "The complete three-page Texas Band of Kickapoo Act was inspected in the earlier review. Enacted in 1983, it addresses specified services, land acquisition in Maverick County and passage across the international border. Its wording records that historical enactment, including a stated relationship with the Oklahoma Tribe. It should not be read as a complete account of later institutions, present implementation or every Kickapoo person’s status.", "sourceIds": [ "p165-s3" ] }, { "title": "A purposeful reading path", "text": "Read the education collection first for a community institution’s own voice, then the statute for the wording of a particular federal act. The wider Kickapoo collection provides additional migration and language scholarship. Distinct community names, different dates and differing kinds of evidence remain visible rather than being folded into one undifferentiated story.", "sourceIds": [ "p165-s21", "p165-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "kttt-official-identification", "title": "Official homepage — Texas Tribe identification", "publisher": "Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas", "url": "https://kickapootexas.org/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Names", "Texas" ], "annotation": "Supporting identification of the named Texas Tribal government/community and its connection to broader Kickapoo people. The undated enrollment figure and historical chronology were not used for this queued card.", "contentReviewScope": "Complete homepage identification paragraph and navigation, web-extracted lines 36–48; selected name, broader relationship and location south of Eagle Pass in Maverick County. Linked wider histories not used for the queue entry.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Identification-only supporting reference; full history and adequacy remain queued.", "identificationOnly": true }, { "id": "p165-s21", "title": "Tribal Education Department — mission, Language Department and Head Start program collection", "publisher": "Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas, Tribal Education Department", "url": "https://ktttribal-education.my.canva.site/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Education", "Language", "Texas", "Early childhood", "Community programs" ], "annotation": "The Tribe-linked departmental publication supplies a direct account of its language curriculum, learning materials, Head Start resources and family supports. The Language page dates its curriculum work to 2017 and describes classes and integration with other education programs; Head Start lists a Kickapoo immersion-language resource book and family-engagement resources. These are the department’s descriptions and aims, not independently evaluated participation, fluency or learning outcomes. The three selected public pages are one continuing collection, not three separate works.", "publicationDate": "Undated public pages; reviewed 2026-10-26", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Read actual rendered public Home Page mission and program navigation, the complete Language Department body, and Head Start program/resources, curriculum platforms, family services, health/disability and food-service descriptions. The official kickapootexas.org homepage links directly to this Canva-hosted department site. Text was read in the normal browser because automated extraction returned no body. Personal staff/contact details, schedules, numerical health deadlines and promotional quality claims were not used in synthesis. No member-only material, classes, lesson books, student records or software were accessed; no photographs reproduced.", "accessNotes": "Publicly readable in the browser without an account. Automated web extraction returned an empty body; this is not evidence of a reader paywall.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Home Page — department mission", "url": "https://ktttribal-education.my.canva.site/", "scope": "Mission and public program navigation; linked by the Tribe’s official homepage." }, { "title": "Language Department", "url": "https://ktttribal-education.my.canva.site/language", "scope": "Complete public body, including curriculum work dated to 2017, program integration and stated learning routes; no classes or teaching materials inspected." }, { "title": "Head Start", "url": "https://ktttribal-education.my.canva.site/head-start", "scope": "Complete public program description and listed resources/supports; no underlying immersion book, software, child records or outcomes reviewed." } ] }, { "id": "p165-s3", "title": "Texas Band of Kickapoo Act, Public Law 97-429", "publisher": "U.S. Congress", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/97/statute/STATUTE-96/STATUTE-96-Pg2269.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Federal law", "Texas", "Border crossing" ], "annotation": "The 1983 statute names the Texas Band as a subgroup of the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma, authorizes federal services and land acquisition in Maverick County, and addresses passage across the international border. It records the law as enacted then; it is not a complete account of later legal status or present implementation.", "publicationDate": "1983-01-08", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Entire three-page enacted statute read; land authority, services and border-passage provisions inspected.", "accessNotes": "Publicly readable during this review.", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 165 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded community-specific starting guide with selected source perspectives, an annotated reading path and scoped imagery. Wider history, current implementation and community review remain open.", "remainingLimits": [ "Compare later government instruments and cross-border histories with the1983 enactment.", "Read more Texas community-authored and family accounts without conflating Mexican, Kansas or Oklahoma communities.", "Present program delivery, language outcomes and individual legal questions remain unassessed." ] }, "researchGaps": [ "Compare later government instruments and cross-border histories with the1983 enactment.", "Read more Texas community-authored and family accounts without conflating Mexican, Kansas or Oklahoma communities.", "Present program delivery, language outcomes and individual legal questions remain unassessed." ], "searchTerms": [ "KTTT", "Texas Band of Traditional Kickapoo", "Texas Band of Kickapoo", "Kickapoo" ], "evidenceNotes": [ "Narrow identification check only. Do not assign the historical Kansas portrait on the broad Kickapoo page to this present Texas government, or infer that overlapping Kickapoo names are separate distinct peoples.", "A community-specific starting guide reuses selected earlier actual-content reviews with their original dates/scopes. It does not add new global works merely because a URL appears on this route. Picture identification/rights are separate from historical adequacy or community endorsement." ], "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "p165-s21", "origin": { "name": "Kickapoo", "originalId": 165 }, "inspectionBasis": "Exact prior source object and actual review date/scope preserved. Reused relevant reading, not a new global work or fresh full-source inspection." }, { "sourceId": "p165-s3", "origin": { "name": "Kickapoo", "originalId": 165 }, "inspectionBasis": "Exact prior source object and actual review date/scope preserved. Reused relevant reading, not a new global work or fresh full-source inspection." } ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-02", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p165-s21", "reason": "Start with the Tribe-linked department’s specific language and early-childhood learning account." }, { "sourceId": "p165-s3", "reason": "Read the short 1983 act as historical primary evidence, with later legal history left open." } ], "scopeNote": "Texas government/community route. The broad Kickapoo page’s Kansas-associated Catlin portrait is deliberately not inherited. Education subpages are one reviewed institutional collection.", "reviewBasis": "Selected actual-content source records and retained original inspection dates/scopes, with new inspections separately identified. This is not comprehensive completion or community endorsement.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "remainingQuestions": [ "Compare later government instruments and cross-border histories with the1983 enactment.", "Read more Texas community-authored and family accounts without conflating Mexican, Kansas or Oklahoma communities.", "Present program delivery, language outcomes and individual legal questions remain unassessed." ], "imageRecordId": "kickapoo-traditional-texas-lucky-eagle-ramos-2011" }, "slug": "kickapoo-traditional-tribe-of-texas", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-TX", "name": "Texas", "key": "us-tx" } ] }, { "name": "Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Oklahoma", "overview": "Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "kickapoo-tribe-of-oklahoma", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "name": "Kiliwa", "region": "Baja California, Mexico", "kind": "People", "overview": "Kiliwa communities are associated with the Ensenada region and lowlands near the Sierra de San Pedro Mártir.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Kiliwa communities are associated with the Ensenada region and lowlands near the Sierra de San Pedro Mártir.", "sourceIds": [ "p166-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "INPI describes seasonal mobility, hunting, and gathering in an arid landscape; basketry and woven materials form part of the public cultural record.", "sourceIds": [ "p166-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The practical Kiliwa dictionary gives access to a distinct branch of the Yuman language family, with named community and scholarly contributors.", "sourceIds": [ "p166-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p166-s1", "url": "https://catalogo.inpi.gob.mx/kiliwa/", "title": "Pueblo Kiliwa", "publisher": "INPI", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p166-s2", "url": "https://www.gob.mx/inpi/articulos/descarga-el-diccionario-practico-de-la-lengua-kiliwa", "title": "Diccionario práctico de la lengua kiliwa", "publisher": "INPI", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 166, "added": false, "slug": "kiliwa", "regionGroups": [ "California", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "King Island Native Community", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "King Island Native Community has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 886; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "king-island-native-community", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "King Salmon Tribe", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "King Salmon Tribe has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 888; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "king-salmon-tribe", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Kiowa", "region": "Southern Plains / Texas / Oklahoma", "kind": "People / tribal nation", "overview": "Kiowa histories connect northern and southern Plains movement, Texas and Oklahoma, while the present Kiowa Tribe publishes accounts of its government and community institutions. This foundation brings a short Tribal history together with an edited treaty, dated education reporting, a Kiowa educator’s first-person reflection, a collaborative scholarly account and art history. Alliances, the wider people, present institutions and individual voices retain their own scope. Additional reading brings an earlier primary agreement, community remembrance and a partially inspected local land-history study into the foundation.", "sections": [ { "title": "A people, a present Tribe and related reading routes", "text": "Kiowa is a people-level reading route, while the Kiowa Tribe’s publications describe a present government and its institutions in Oklahoma. The Tribe’s history discusses alliances with Comanche and Plains Apache people. Those relationships do not make the names interchangeable: Plains Apache has its own directory route, and shared treaties or institutions do not by themselves establish one timeless identity.", "sourceIds": [ "p167-s1", "p167-annual-2025-26" ] }, { "title": "Movement, Texas connections and uncertain early dates", "text": "The Tribe’s historical account and Kracht’s article both describe movement from the northern toward the southern Plains and connections with present-day Texas. Their Black Hills chronologies differ. These accounts provide a broad route into the history; precise origins, dates and archaeological identifications need further research. The Atlas does not turn a migration outline into a fixed homeland boundary or treat a community history page as an inspected archaeological report.", "sourceIds": [ "p167-s1", "p167-support-kracht" ] }, { "title": "Horses, bison and historical livelihoods", "text": "The Tribe’s overview describes historical mobility, bison hunting, horse use and gathering. Read that account in its period and regional setting. It helps explain the Southern Plains history being discussed, while contemporary education, work and family life require their own sources rather than a picture of every Kiowa person living in one historical way.", "sourceIds": [ "p167-s1" ] }, { "title": "Reading the 1867 Medicine Lodge treaty", "text": "The edited October 21, 1867 Kiowa and Comanche treaty includes reservation and conditional hunting provisions, promises of federal services, a requirement concerning later land cessions and compulsory schooling in English branches. Its terms give readers a primary document to examine. They do not alone prove implementation, universal consent or present-day rights. This named instrument should also be distinguished from the separate treaty involving Kiowa, Comanche and Apache representatives.", "sourceIds": [ "p167-medicine-lodge-1867" ] }, { "title": "Reservation change and the limits of this first history", "text": "The Tribal history and Kracht’s account describe reservation confinement, allotment and settlement pressures. Their compressed narratives are starting points for reviewing nineteenth-century Texas and Oklahoma history. The original military, removal, allotment and implementation records have not been read in this foundation, so precise legal conclusions, landownership totals and a complete chronology remain open.", "sourceIds": [ "p167-s1", "p167-support-kracht", "p167-medicine-lodge-1867" ] }, { "title": "Education as a contemporary institution", "text": "The Tribe’s FY 2025–2026 report describes its Education Agency across child care, school partnerships, higher education, career learning and community activities. It presents Kiowa language, heritage and contemporary life as part of its educational aims. These are the institution’s reported purposes and activities. The Atlas does not promise assistance, repeat financial figures or treat the report as an independent evaluation of results.", "sourceIds": [ "p167-annual-2025-26" ] }, { "title": "Community news and editorial perspective", "text": "The Tribe’s FY2025–2026 report describes Media & Outreach as a communication service for Tribal members, programs and departments. It identifies the newsletter, website and event calendar among its channels and says community members may contribute announcements, editorials and other submissions. The report also describes editorial discretion and a final-content approval process. This helps readers understand how one community institution presents information; it does not establish independent reporting, participation outcomes or representation of every Kiowa perspective.", "sourceIds": [ "p167-annual-2025-26" ] }, { "title": "Language teaching across classrooms and families", "text": "The same dated report describes a teacher-credentialing process and language classes delivered in schools, community settings and online. Melody Windsong Redbird-Post’s first-person essay gives another perspective: she recounts child-care language work, family learning and collaboration with elders, educators and parents. Her experience and future project plans remain attributed to her; neither source supplies a verified current count of speakers or proof of every learner’s proficiency.", "sourceIds": [ "p167-annual-2025-26", "p167-redbird-post-learning", "p167-support-language-dept" ] }, { "title": "Community listening and a shared classroom", "text": "In their 2018 article, Rachel C. Jackson with Kiowa Elder Dorothy Whitehorse DeLaune describe the Kiowa Clemente course and a classroom shaped by community interests. Their account explains how listening, shared decisions and language work inform their teaching. This is a situated educational interpretation and relationship, not a rule for every Kiowa person or a present course schedule. Specific stories, songs and culturally governed materials in the publication are not retold here.", "sourceIds": [ "p167-jackson-delaune-2018" ] }, { "title": "Named artists and the Kiowa Six", "text": "Lydia L. Wyckoff’s art-historical essay identifies Jack Hokeah, Monroe Tsatoke, Spencer Asah, James Auchiah, Stephen Mopope and Lois Smoky within the group known as the Kiowa Six or Kiowa Five. It follows their painting, university-era work and mural commissions. The essay describes plain backgrounds and areas of flat color as part of this history. These are named artists and an art-group label; the account does not define all Kiowa art or authorize reuse of the artworks.", "sourceIds": [ "p167-wyckoff-kiowa-six" ] }, { "title": "An earlier agreement at the Little Arkansas", "text": "The 1865 agreement predates Medicine Lodge. Its reservation provisions sit alongside written-permission requirements for hunting travel and rules about where people could camp. Article 6 discusses people not present at the council. Reading those clauses together helps distinguish the written agreement from universal assent or actual implementation; they do not determine current land rights.", "sourceIds": [ "p167-little-arkansas-1865" ] }, { "title": "Palo Duro in community memory", "text": "The District 7 newsletter describes the 2024 commemoration of the 1874 Battle of Palo Duro Canyon as a setting for remembrance and public education involving several Southern Plains communities. This is a dated community account of how history is remembered and shared. Its battle narrative still needs comparison with Kiowa testimony and original military and civilian records.", "sourceIds": [ "p167-district7-palo-duro-2024" ] }, { "title": "Later land loss as a local historical question", "text": "Palmer’s 2011 study examines later Kiowa allotment sales through land-tenure applications and geographic comparison. He describes economic needs, relocation and divided inheritance as factors within his case-study area. He also notes difficulty separating relocation policy’s effects. This attributed local analysis is not a current ownership assessment or a single explanation for every Kiowa family’s history.", "sourceIds": [ "p167-palmer-allotments-2011" ] }, { "title": "Reading path and unfinished coverage", "text": "Read community publications alongside the actual 1865 and 1867 agreements, keeping promises, interpretation and implementation separate. The newsletter offers a dated route into remembrance; Palmer’s partially accessible study extends the land-history questions. Nine substantive works form a reviewed foundation, with substantial gaps in Texas primary evidence, community-authored historical depth and later history. No completion or community endorsement is claimed.", "sourceIds": [ "p167-s1", "p167-medicine-lodge-1867", "p167-little-arkansas-1865", "p167-annual-2025-26", "p167-redbird-post-learning", "p167-jackson-delaune-2018", "p167-wyckoff-kiowa-six", "p167-district7-palo-duro-2024", "p167-palmer-allotments-2011" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p167-s1", "url": "https://www.kiowatribe.org/about-us", "title": "History of the Kiowa Tribe — official historical account", "publisher": "Kiowa Tribe", "type": "Indigenous-led / institutional history", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Southern Plains", "Texas", "Alliances" ], "annotation": "The Tribe’s own account follows movement, alliances, horse/bison-based life and reservation change. It is a useful short community-published orientation. Exact early dates, archaeology and present landownership claims require comparison; the page is not independent verification of its referenced history.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete historical body, lines 11–26. Emblem/ceremonial interpretation, photographs and underlying archaeology/records were not adopted or independently inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One connected explanatory historical account read beyond navigation, counted once. Its short length and unresolved chronology remain explicit.", "perspective": "Institutional community account, undated; not a comprehensive history or independently inspected archaeological report.", "accessStatus": "Public readable English HTML", "language": "en", "accessNotes": "The page gives a Black Hills chronology around 1650, while Kracht’s historical article gives arrival by 1775. The draft preserves the broad movement account but does not resolve that difference. The asserted archaeological Kootenay origin, generalized warlike language, present-only-landownership statement and precise war-ending chronology are not adopted as independently verified facts.", "rightsNotes": "Link and short paraphrase only; no logo, photographs or ceremonial explanations reproduced." }, { "id": "p167-s2", "url": "https://www.kiowatribe.org/", "title": "Kiowa Tribe — preserved official access route", "publisher": "Kiowa Tribe", "type": "Indigenous-led / supporting navigation", "topics": [ "Community institutions", "Further reading" ], "annotation": "Preserved original official website route. Read substantive history and dated institutional publications through the separately identified records; a homepage is not another inspected historical work.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Original navigation link retained without source-count inflation.", "inspectionStatus": "Supporting official access route; not another substantive content check" }, { "id": "p167-annual-2025-26", "title": "Kiowa Tribe Annual Report FY 2025–2026 — selected education, language and community-communication pages", "publisher": "Kiowa Tribe", "author": "Institutional report, including Education Agency, Language Department and Media & Outreach accounts", "url": "https://www.kiowatribe.org/sites/default/files/2026-04/KT_AnnualReport%202025-26%20final%20%284.1.2026%29.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led / dated institutional report", "topics": [ "Contemporary institutions", "Education", "Language learning", "Oklahoma", "Community publications", "Source perspective" ], "citation": "Kiowa Tribe. Annual Report FY 2025–2026. Selected printed/PDF pp. 24, 39–40 and 45; cover inspected in the earlier review.", "annotation": "A first-party account of education, language teaching and community communication in the stated fiscal period. The Media & Outreach page explains publication purposes, contributions and editorial approval; the education and language pages retain their earlier inspection scope. These are institutional aims and reported activities, not independently evaluated outcomes or a guarantee that every community perspective is represented. All selected departments remain one work.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Earlier October26 review retained: cover and full extracted text of printed/PDF pp.39–40 and45 of the actual56-page report. October27 extension: complete readable text of printed/PDF p.24, headed Tribal Operations / 405 Kiowa Newsletters / Media & Outreach, extracted anew from the same cached public PDF with pypdf. Read the mission, newsletter and web functions, member/program contribution and final-content approval statements, rights notice and the whole page; reported totals, contact details and pickup lists were encountered but are not adopted. The full report and photographs remain unreviewed. Image-only pp.46–47 remain unread beyond extractable headers; no museum-stewardship claim is adopted.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One substantial, directly relevant official report with selected pages actually read, not one count per department, benefit or table.", "accessStatus": "Public English PDF; text extraction available for selected pages", "dateBasis": "The cover identifies FY 2025–2026. April 2026 appears in the public file path; an exact publication day is not independently asserted.", "accessNotes": "The web tool rejected the 23,037,815-byte file as too large. A normal direct public download returned HTTP 200 and a valid PDF; no account, challenge bypass or access-control workaround was involved. Selected text was extracted with pypdf. Current officeholder names, participant/award totals, program amounts and guarantees are omitted. The listed school counts and displayed total on p. 45 were not reconciled, so no aggregate is carried forward. October27 extension used the previously downloaded official PDF, not a newly retrieved edition. The web tool again rejected the same23,037,815-byte source as too large; this does not establish a reader paywall. Page24 text was extracted directly with pypdf. Image-only pp.46–47 could not be visually inspected with the available rasterizer and remain deferred; no OCR, install or access workaround was attempted.", "perspective": "Tribe’s dated report of its own institutional aims and activities; not an independent program evaluation.", "rightsNotes": "The report reserves rights in newsletter text and imagery and requires approval for duplication. The Atlas links to the original and briefly paraphrases the inspected institutional description; no newsletter/report page, image, contact details or full text is rehosted.", "language": "en", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Media & Outreach / 405 Kiowa Newsletters — printed/PDF p.24", "url": "https://www.kiowatribe.org/sites/default/files/2026-04/KT_AnnualReport%202025-26%20final%20%284.1.2026%29.pdf#page=24", "scope": "Complete readable page text: communication purposes, publication functions, community/program contributions and editorial approval. Statistics and implied outcomes are excluded; illustrations and museum pages are not part of this extension." } ] }, { "id": "p167-redbird-post-learning", "title": "Our Story — Kiowa early-childhood language learning and a proposed theory of learning", "author": "Melody Windsong Redbird-Post", "publisher": "LearnKiowa", "url": "https://learnkiowa.org/our-story/", "type": "Indigenous-led / first-person educational reflection", "topics": [ "Language learning", "Early childhood", "Families", "Community collaboration", "Educational methods" ], "annotation": "An educator’s substantial first-person account connects family learning, child-care immersion work, community collaboration and research aims. Read completed experiences separately from proposed fellowship products. This personal perspective is valuable community evidence, not a uniform account of every Kiowa family.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete public Our Story body, lines 26–75, plus Leadership lines 23–35 to identify Melody Windsong Redbird-Post and her self-described Kiowa enrollment/educational role. Linked newsletter, learning modules, family videos, archival records, songs and user accounts were not opened.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One substantive authored educational account with methods and retrospective/project distinction, not a bare biography or extra count for the identifying leadership page.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "url": "https://learnkiowa.org/leadership/", "title": "Leadership — author identification", "scope": "Only Dr. Melody Windsong Redbird-Post’s heading and biography, lines 23–35, used to identify the author. No separate count; other family-member biographies are not used." } ], "publicationDate": null, "accessNotes": "Public English HTML; no login required for the inspected narrative. Learning modules elsewhere may require an account, but none were tested. The page includes a 2022 fellowship context, an August 2023 newsletter route, retrospective experience and future-tense proposed work; do not turn the proposal into a completed or independently evaluated outcome. Speaker-vitality generalizations and personal family details are not republished.", "perspective": "Named Kiowa educator’s self-published first-person experience and interpretation. Her project goals do not automatically represent every community or the present government’s policy.", "rightsNotes": "Link with attributed paraphrase only; no recordings, family images, traditional songs or teaching materials are reproduced.", "language": "en" }, { "id": "p167-medicine-lodge-1867", "title": "Treaty with the Kiowa and Comanche, October 21, 1867 — edited primary text", "author": "Named Kiowa and Comanche representatives and United States commissioners; later edited compilation", "publisher": "Oklahoma State University Libraries, Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties", "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-kiowa-and-comanche-1867-0977", "type": "Primary historical document / university-hosted edited transcription", "topics": [ "Treaties", "Reservation history", "Education policy", "Historical names" ], "publicationDate": "1867-10-21", "citation": "Treaty with the Kiowa and Comanche, October 21, 1867. 15 Stat. 581. Ratified July 25, 1868; proclaimed August 25, 1868. Oklahoma State University Libraries edited transcription.", "annotation": "The actual text places reservation and conditional hunting provisions beside federal services and compulsory schooling. It gives readers a primary agreement to examine while keeping historical terminology, consent and implementation questions open. The same treaty in another profile or edition remains one underlying work.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Actual HTML dating/preamble, Articles 1–16 and signatory headings; close reading of Articles 2, 7, 11, 12 and 16. Reviewed directly during this session’s independent Comanche QA and applied here with explicit Kiowa scope. Manuscript images, translations, negotiations, ratification documents and later legal interpretation not independently inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One directly relevant primary agreement read in substance. It is shared with the Comanche profile; no global claim of a new unique treaty work or extra count for a mirror/index.", "accessStatus": "Public searchable English HTML", "accessNotes": "The text includes an editorial note about pencil/ink brackets. The draft does not infer universal consent, fulfillment, present treaty rights, current jurisdiction, citizenship or legal advice. The October 21 Kiowa/Comanche treaty is not silently treated as the separate Kiowa/Comanche/Apache instrument.", "perspective": "Historical U.S. treaty record mediated through a later edited transcription; not a substitute for Indigenous accounts of negotiation.", "rightsNotes": "No manuscript or map images reproduced; link to the edited text.", "language": "en" }, { "id": "p167-jackson-delaune-2018", "title": "Decolonizing Community Writing with Community Listening: Story, Transrhetorical Resistance, and Indigenous Cultural Literacy Activism — selected teaching/method sections", "authors": [ "Rachel C. Jackson", "Dorothy Whitehorse DeLaune" ], "author": "Rachel C. Jackson with Dorothy Whitehorse DeLaune", "publisher": "Community Literacy Journal; public copy hosted by University of Science and Arts of Oklahoma", "url": "https://www.usao.edu/academics/arts-humanities/community-literacy-journal.pdf", "type": "Academic / community-collaborative educational account", "topics": [ "Language learning", "Community education", "Oral history", "Research perspective", "Kiowa Clemente Course" ], "publicationDate": "2018", "citation": "Jackson, Rachel C., with Dorothy Whitehorse DeLaune. 2018. “Decolonizing Community Writing with Community Listening: Story, Transrhetorical Resistance, and Indigenous Cultural Literacy Activism.” Community Literacy Journal, fall, 37–54. Selected sections.", "annotation": "The authors describe a community-shaped Kiowa Clemente course and explain their approach to collaborative listening. Their interpretation and situated recollections are attributed, rather than adopted as a general rule for all Kiowa people. Sacred or seasonally governed stories in the paper are not retold.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Actual PDF title/abstract; teaching collaboration and author-position account on printed pp. 37–38; course-development/pedagogy discussion pp. 48–50, stopping before the specific seasonal-story discussion; closing methodological discussion encountered on pp. 52–53; author identification on p. 54. Other passages returned with those windows were encountered, but detailed narrated stories, quoted songs, private family documents and raw interviews were not independently researched or reproduced. The full 18-page paper is not claimed as systematically reviewed.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One substantive scholarly/community-authored educational account inspected beyond abstract, not separate counts for article sections, interviews or the university course landing page.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "url": "https://www.usao.edu/academics/arts-humanities/kiowa-clemente.html", "title": "Kiowa Clemente — university course context", "scope": "Actual course description and linked-paper provenance, lines 132–140. No enrollment or live classroom/Zoom access attempted; not an additional work count." } ], "accessStatus": "Public searchable English PDF; no account required", "accessNotes": "PDF running header says fall 2018; printed pages 37–54 verified. The article is an interpretive educational study, not an independent verification of each historical anecdote or a current attendance survey. Its explicit cultural access/timing concerns are respected by not reproducing stories, songs, ritual details or sensitive places.", "perspective": "Collaborative publication with a named Kiowa Elder and a researcher; interpretations and memories retain authorship and context. The authors identify their permission/relationship in the text, not an endorsement of this Atlas.", "rightsNotes": "No redistribution license established. Publisher/university-hosted link and short attributed paraphrase only. No private recordings or family papers accessed.", "language": "en" }, { "id": "p167-wyckoff-kiowa-six", "title": "Kiowa Six — art-historical essay", "author": "Lydia L. Wyckoff", "publisher": "Encyclopedia of the Great Plains, University of Nebraska–Lincoln; author affiliation printed as Philbrook Museum of Art", "url": "https://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.art.042.html", "type": "Academic / museum-authored art history", "topics": [ "Art", "Kiowa Six", "Named artists", "Education", "Twentieth century" ], "annotation": "A substantial museum-authored encyclopedia essay identifies six artists, including Lois Smoky, and follows painting, patronage and public mural work. It helps introduce named creative lives. Its broad gender generalizations and inconsistent biographical/allotment dates are not adopted without further comparison.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete main essay, author line and reference, lines 12–31. Used only for named group membership and attributed account of flat-color painting, university-era work and mural patronage. Images and the cited 1996 book were not inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One explanatory art-historical work with a named museum author, read in full; not one count per artist or linked artwork.", "accessStatus": "Public English HTML", "dateBasis": "Web footer ©2011 University of Nebraska–Lincoln; original essay publication date not independently established.", "accessNotes": "Some artist birth dates differ from Smithsonian catalogue results encountered in discovery, and the essay’s allotment chronology differs from other history sources; the draft omits those precise dates. “Kiowa Five” and “Kiowa Six” are art-group labels, not names of new tribes. Generalized claims about women’s artistic roles are not projected onto all people or periods.", "perspective": "Outside museum-authored historical interpretation. Aesthetic descriptions are attributed to the essay, not presented as every artist’s own stated intention.", "rightsNotes": "Text © University of Nebraska–Lincoln; images belong to their respective owners. Link and short paraphrase only; no painting/image reuse permission inferred.", "language": "en" }, { "id": "p167-support-kracht", "title": "Kiowa (tribe) — dated historical comparison", "author": "Benjamin R. Kracht", "publisher": "Oklahoma Historical Society, The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture", "url": "https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=KI017", "type": "Academic / supporting historical reference", "topics": [ "Southern Plains", "Texas", "Reservation history", "Source comparison" ], "publicationDate": "2010-01-15", "annotation": "A useful named-author comparison for movement, alliances and reservation change. Retained as supporting context because broad cultural generalizations and older present-tense figures/governance statements require additional checking. Its bibliography is not a set of completed source inspections.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Actual full visible article, author, bibliography and dates read; selected history paragraphs 102–106 and 108–121 used for comparison only. Origin/ceremonial accounts, percentages, present totals and generalized warrior-spirit descriptions excluded from synthesis.", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Supporting comparison with important dating/generalization limits; not used to pad the target for excellent substantive works.", "accessStatus": "Public English HTML", "accessNotes": "Page says published January 15, 2010 and updated February 7, 2025. This does not make every early-twenty-first-century population or government statement current. Black Hills dating differs from the Tribal history page; neither is silently preferred.", "rightsNotes": "OHS copyright and restrictive terms are printed on the page. No article text, images or complete work copied; proposed short critical paraphrase and original-publisher link only.", "language": "en" }, { "id": "p167-support-language-dept", "title": "Kiowa Language Department — official program access route", "publisher": "Kiowa Tribe, Kiowa Language Department", "url": "https://www.kiowatribe.org/department/kiowa-language-department", "type": "Indigenous-led / supporting program description", "topics": [ "Language learning", "Community institutions" ], "annotation": "An official short statement identifies the language department’s aims and links teacher-training information. Use the dated report and original department for further reading, without treating aims or a past deadline as a current class guarantee.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Actual public main description and teacher-training notice in readable indexed primary content. Staff/contact details were not republished. A separate direct HTML body inspection was not claimed beyond the actual indexed publisher text.", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Short mission and access route; not another substantive work or an additional count for the annual report’s same program.", "accessStatus": "Readable indexed primary publisher body", "accessNotes": "The teacher-training notice concerns 2025–2026 and prints a March 2025 deadline. Do not present that deadline as an open application or use the notice to infer successful certification/outcomes.", "language": "en" }, { "id": "p167-little-arkansas-1865", "title": "Treaty with the Comanche and Kiowa, October 18, 1865 — edited primary text", "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-comanche-and-kiowa-1865-0892", "publisher": "Oklahoma State University Libraries, Tribal Treaties Database", "type": "Primary historical agreement / edited transcription", "topics": [ "Diplomacy", "Reservation history", "Southern Plains", "Hunting restrictions" ], "annotation": "A different agreement from the 1867 Medicine Lodge text. Close reading brings territorial provisions, movement restrictions and the stated treatment of absent parties into view without treating promises as fulfilled.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One complete directly relevant primary transcription. Its index, scan catalogue and alternate editions are not additional works.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete preamble, Articles 1–6, metadata and signatory columns, HTML lines 25–120. Articles 2, 3 and 6 read closely. Manuscript, translations, negotiations and implementation not independently inspected.", "publicationDate": "1865-10-18", "citation": "Treaty with the Comanche and Kiowa, October 18, 1865, 14 Stat. 717. Edited text, Oklahoma State University Libraries. Record RIT_343 / NAI_178930920.", "dateBasis": "The record identifies May 22, 1866 ratification and May 26, 1866 proclamation; underlying instruments not independently checked.", "perspective": "Historical English diplomatic text mediated by later editorial transcription, not the full Indigenous negotiation record.", "accessStatus": "Public searchable English HTML", "accessNotes": "The text asserts authorization while Article 6 acknowledges absent portions of the peoples. Do not infer unanimous assent. Geographic clauses do not establish present boundaries or rights; no new map or legal conclusion is proposed.", "rightsNotes": "Link and brief paraphrase only; no manuscript or map images reused.", "language": "en" }, { "id": "p167-district7-palo-duro-2024", "title": "Kiowa Tribe District 7 Newsletter, September 2024 — Palo Duro commemoration account", "url": "https://www.kiowatribe.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/September%202024%20Newsletter.pdf", "publisher": "Kiowa Tribe, District 7 Legislative Office", "type": "Indigenous-led / dated community publication", "topics": [ "Texas", "Palo Duro", "Community memory", "Public education", "Continuity" ], "annotation": "A community-published account connects the 2024 commemoration with education and remembrance of the 1874 battle. It is valuable evidence of institutional memory, rather than independent verification of every battle claim.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One substantive explanatory newsletter item within one dated issue. Other sections and each participating community do not add source counts.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 18-page PDF: cover/issue identification and complete text of Successful Commemoration of the Battle of Palo Duro Canyon, PDF pp. 15–16. Other returned passages encountered; photos and the full issue not systematically reviewed.", "publicationDate": "2024-09", "dateBasis": "Cover identifies September 2024; no exact publication day asserted. Article reports the September 28 commemoration.", "citation": "Kiowa Tribe District 7 Legislative Office. September 2024 Newsletter. “Successful Commemoration of the Battle of Palo Duro Canyon.” PDF pp. 15–16.", "perspective": "District office institutional account, item without a separate recovered byline. Historical interpretation and event reporting retain that scope.", "accessStatus": "Public English PDF with extractable text", "accessNotes": "No claimed campaign-size superlative, historical total or participation-by-every-band inference adopted. Restricted/sensitive-object and ceremonial material elsewhere in the issue is not used. No present event schedule or outcome claim.", "rightsNotes": "No reproduction license established. Public link and short paraphrase only; no images, songs or performance descriptions reused.", "language": "en" }, { "id": "p167-palmer-allotments-2011", "title": "Sold! The Loss of Kiowa Allotments in the Post–Indian Reorganization Era — selected substantive indexed passages", "url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/20g1f3p2", "publisher": "American Indian Culture and Research Journal / UCLA American Indian Studies Center; eScholarship repository", "author": "Mark H. Palmer", "type": "Kiowa-affiliated scholar / historical-geographical case study", "topics": [ "Land history", "Allotment", "Research methods", "Economic change", "Relocation" ], "annotation": "A locally bounded study investigates later allotment sales through land-tenure applications and geographic comparison. Substantial methods, findings and discussion passages were read through the repository’s indexed article body; the direct PDF was unavailable.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One substantial selected-body review beyond abstract or snippets. Not a complete article/PDF, underlying archive or independent replication; selection and access limits remain explicit.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual indexed canonical repository article text: Materials and Methods; selected results; Justifications for Selling Kiowa Land Allotments: 1933–1995; living-expense/relocation discussion; selected conclusion passages (the indexed extract ends mid-paragraph). Visible printed markers include pp. 40, 50 and 53. These are non-contiguous passages, not full continuous pp. 40–53.", "publicationDate": "2011", "citation": "Palmer, Mark H. “Sold! The Loss of Kiowa Allotments in the Post–Indian Reorganization Era.” American Indian Culture and Research Journal 35, no. 3 (2011). Selected indexed methods/findings/discussion passages; exact inspected scope below.", "dateBasis": "Repository identifies 2011 and Mark Palmer; actual article running text identifies Mark H. Palmer and journal 35:3 (2011).", "perspective": "Author’s abstract explicitly identifies his Kiowa affiliation and local research focus; no present institutional role or enrollment determination inferred.", "accessStatus": "Substantive indexed primary-publication text read; direct HTML verification page and direct PDF HTTP 403", "accessNotes": "No challenge bypass. Automated failure is not evidence of a reader paywall. Original land applications, oral histories, maps/figures and full PDF were not inspected. No parcel data, current ownership, universal loss percentage or causal relocation estimate adopted. The retained conclusion excerpt is incomplete; no whole-conclusion inspection is claimed.", "rightsNotes": "No redistribution license established. Private evidence only; public link and brief attributed paraphrase, no article text, maps or case files republished.", "language": "en" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 168 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 167, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p167-s1", "p167-annual-2025-26", "p167-redbird-post-learning", "p167-medicine-lodge-1867", "p167-jackson-delaune-2018", "p167-wyckoff-kiowa-six", "p167-little-arkansas-1865", "p167-district7-palo-duro-2024", "p167-palmer-allotments-2011" ], "relationshipNote": "Kiowa people-level history, the present Kiowa Tribe government, named art groups and allied Plains Apache/Comanche histories require separate scopes. Shared treaties, alliances or a similar label do not establish identical identities, ancestry, citizenship or governments. Preserve the separate Plains Apache reading route and verified current-government outline.", "coverageLevel": "reviewed-source-guide", "researchComplete": false, "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A complete readable community-communication page extends the existing institutional report without adding a work or source card. Nine inspected works remain uneven across historical periods and community perspectives, including Texas primary evidence, later history and community review. The report is a publisher account, not an independent evaluation; unread museum pages remain deferred.", "remainingLimits": [ "Early origins, migration dates and archaeological identifications need stronger comparison. The Tribal history’s Black Hills date and Kracht’s date differ; no precise origin conclusion is settled here.", "Nineteenth-century Texas diplomacy, warfare, captivity, removal and reservation implementation need directly inspected Kiowa perspectives and primary records beyond the two edited agreements reviewed here.", "Allotment, land loss and later government history need specifically dated legal/historical sources. No current landownership, jurisdiction, citizenship or benefits determination is made.", "The annual report is a selected-page first-party account of education, language and community communication, not a complete report review, independent outcomes audit or survey of every Kiowa perspective. Figures and program guarantees are omitted. Image-only pp.46–47 remain unread; no museum-stewardship claim is adopted from search snippets.", "First-person educational aims and published recollections are situated perspectives. The teacher-training notice is dated, and apps, recordings, live classes and language-proficiency outcomes were not tested.", "Art-group membership is introduced, but artist biographies, dates, community meanings and image rights require more work. No artwork reproduction right follows from a linked essay.", "Private family documents, raw interviews and restricted underlying materials were not accessed. Published culturally governed stories, songs and sensitive-place details were excluded from the synthesis and were not reproduced.", "The nine-work collection remains uneven across historical periods and community perspectives. No community review, endorsement, comprehensive coverage or research completion is claimed.", "Original 1865 negotiations, translation, implementation and subsequent land changes remain unreviewed; the edited terms are not a present legal determination.", "The Palo Duro account concerns a dated commemoration and institutional memory. Original Kiowa accounts, military/civilian records and detailed battle chronology still need comparison.", "Palmer review is substantial but partial and mediated through indexed article text. Direct PDF/image/underlying applications were unavailable or unread. Recover fuller readable access later, without bypassing controls.", "Later economic and land-tenure analysis is locally scoped. No universal Kiowa percentage, individual parcel identification, current title or legal-status assessment is made." ], "searchScope": " October26 follow-up: complete 1865 edited treaty text, District7 September2024 newsletter selected PDF pages15–16, and substantial non-contiguous actual indexed methods/findings/conclusion passages from Palmer2011. No full Palmer PDF, figures, underlying applications or new maps inspected. October27 focused attempt: a public community teacher-handbook URL returned404 and a university orthography article route supplied only metadata/abstract, so neither was counted. Complete readable annual-report p.24 was inspected instead; museum pp.46–47 remain unread, no broad source hunt or restricted material inspection." }, "researchGaps": [ "Early origins, migration dates and archaeological identifications need stronger comparison. The Tribal history’s Black Hills date and Kracht’s date differ; no precise origin conclusion is settled here.", "Nineteenth-century Texas diplomacy, warfare, captivity, removal and reservation implementation need directly inspected Kiowa perspectives and primary records beyond the two edited agreements reviewed here.", "Allotment, land loss and later government history need specifically dated legal/historical sources. No current landownership, jurisdiction, citizenship or benefits determination is made.", "The annual report is a selected-page first-party account of education, language and community communication, not a complete report review, independent outcomes audit or survey of every Kiowa perspective. Figures and program guarantees are omitted. Image-only pp.46–47 remain unread; no museum-stewardship claim is adopted from search snippets.", "First-person educational aims and published recollections are situated perspectives. The teacher-training notice is dated, and apps, recordings, live classes and language-proficiency outcomes were not tested.", "Art-group membership is introduced, but artist biographies, dates, community meanings and image rights require more work. No artwork reproduction right follows from a linked essay.", "Private family documents, raw interviews and restricted underlying materials were not accessed. Published culturally governed stories, songs and sensitive-place details were excluded from the synthesis and were not reproduced.", "The nine-work collection remains uneven across historical periods and community perspectives. No community review, endorsement, comprehensive coverage or research completion is claimed.", "Original 1865 negotiations, translation, implementation and subsequent land changes remain unreviewed; the edited terms are not a present legal determination.", "The Palo Duro account concerns a dated commemoration and institutional memory. Original Kiowa accounts, military/civilian records and detailed battle chronology still need comparison.", "Palmer review is substantial but partial and mediated through indexed article text. Direct PDF/image/underlying applications were unavailable or unread. Recover fuller readable access later, without bypassing controls.", "Later economic and land-tenure analysis is locally scoped. No universal Kiowa percentage, individual parcel identification, current title or legal-status assessment is made." ], "compiledAt": "2026-10-27", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-01", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p167-s1", "reason": "The Kiowa Tribe's own short history provides a first orientation to movement, alliances and reservation change, with disputed early chronology left open." }, { "sourceId": "p167-redbird-post-learning", "reason": "Melody Windsong Redbird-Post's first-person education account connects family experience, immersion teaching and proposed work without treating plans as outcomes." }, { "sourceId": "p167-wyckoff-kiowa-six", "reason": "This museum-authored essay introduces six named artists and their painting and mural work while its inconsistent dates and gender generalizations remain qualified." }, { "sourceId": "p167-annual-2025-26", "reason": "Selected annual-report pages show how the Tribe describes education, language and community communication in a defined fiscal period." } ], "scopeNote": "A Kiowa people-and-Tribe starting route, with separate scopes for the government, named artists and an educator's experience. Plains Apache and Comanche alliances do not merge identities. Only annual-report pp. 24, 39–40 and 45 and the recorded selected text were inspected; image-only museum pages remain unread.", "reviewRationale": "Community orientation, an individual educator, named artists and a dated institutional report offer an approachable path beyond a treaty-only history; each adds a different perspective.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Early movement dates conflict; original historical accounts, family histories and fuller land-tenure work remain needed.", "Learning proposals, self-reported activities and newsletter editorial procedures do not establish outcomes or universal representation.", "Keep Tohausen's portrait identified as Catlin's 1834 outside representation of one named Kiowa leader." ], "imageRecordId": "kiowa-tohausen-catlin-1834", "reviewBasis": "Review of existing actual-content source records, retained evidence ledgers and image identification/rights records. No new original-source inspection count, fresh image inspection or comprehensive completion is implied.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false }, "added": false, "slug": "kiowa", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" }, { "id": "US-TX", "name": "Texas", "key": "us-tx" } ] }, { "name": "Kiowa Apache", "region": "Southern Great Plains / Oklahoma", "kind": "People / tribal nation", "overview": "Plains Apache people, historically called Kiowa Apache, continue through the Apache Tribe of Oklahoma.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Plains Apache people, historically called Kiowa Apache, continue through the Apache Tribe of Oklahoma.", "sourceIds": [ "p168-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "The Tribe’s history explains longstanding alliance with Kiowa people while maintaining a different language and customs.", "sourceIds": [ "p168-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The Indigenous-authored historical exhibition was developed with tribal members; Kiowa’s own account provides context for the alliance without merging the two peoples.", "sourceIds": [ "p168-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p168-s1", "url": "https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=AP002", "title": "Apache Tribe of Oklahoma", "publisher": "Oklahoma Historical Society", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Dianna Everett’s historical reference distinguishes the Plains Apache community from other Apache peoples and outlines its Oklahoma history. Population and program figures are dated.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p168-s2", "url": "https://www.kiowatribe.org/about-us", "title": "About Us — History of the Kiowa Tribe", "publisher": "Kiowa Tribe", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 16, 167 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 168, "preferredName": "Plains Apache", "added": false, "slug": "kiowa-apache", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "name": "Kispiox", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community-government route", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Kispiox has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community route in the BC Assembly directory. Roster inclusion does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or identity with a broader people label. Government details and relationships remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body, selected exact name and administrative-region label at lines 257-259; explicit BC heading at line 11. Previously readable body inspected October 26, 2026 and reused for this bounded name-only pass. No linked history, ethnicity, territory, photographs or map interaction reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "kispiox", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Kitanemuk", "region": "Tehachapi / southern San Joaquin Valley, California", "kind": "People", "overview": "Kitanemuk ancestors form part of the history of the present Tejon Indian Tribe.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Kitanemuk ancestors form part of the history of the present Tejon Indian Tribe.", "sourceIds": [ "p170-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "Federal historical documentation follows Kitanemuk people at the Tejon Reservation, including leadership and the unratified treaty of 1851.", "sourceIds": [ "p170-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The Tejon region had multiple Indigenous peoples, including Chumash, Yokuts, Kawaiisu, and Kitanemuk; geographic overlap should not be mistaken for identical identity.", "sourceIds": [ "p170-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p170-s1", "url": "https://www.bia.gov/sites/default/files/dup/assets/bia/ois/ots/pdf/Tejon_Indian_Tribe_2.pdf", "title": "Tejon Indian Tribe — Indian lands opinion", "publisher": "Department of the Interior", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p170-s2", "url": "https://www.tejonconservancy.org/history", "title": "History of Tejon", "publisher": "Tejon Conservancy", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 170, "added": false, "slug": "kitanemuk", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Kitasoo", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community-government route", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Kitasoo has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community route in the BC Assembly directory. Roster inclusion does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or identity with a broader people label. Government details and relationships remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body, selected exact name and administrative-region label at lines 261-263; explicit BC heading at line 11. Previously readable body inspected October 26, 2026 and reused for this bounded name-only pass. No linked history, ethnicity, territory, photographs or map interaction reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "kitasoo", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Kitsai", "region": "Southern Plains / Oklahoma", "kind": "Historical people / affiliated descendants", "overview": "Kitsai, also written Kichai in the retained naming evidence, is a historical people with a distinct reading route. A specifically Kichai historical entry and the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes’ connected history offer complementary starting points. Affiliation does not erase the individual name or make every Wichita-related historical community interchangeable.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Kitsai, also written Kichai, were a Caddoan-speaking people associated historically with the Wichita and related peoples.", "sourceIds": [ "p171-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "An NPS ethnohistory distinguishes Kitsai from Wichita dialects and places affiliated peoples in the Red River and Cross Timbers region.", "sourceIds": [ "p171-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The Wichita and Affiliated Tribes’ History Center maintains exhibitions, language and photo archives, and research materials for studying affiliated histories.", "sourceIds": [ "p171-s2" ] }, { "title": "A specifically Kichai account", "text": "The Handbook of Texas places Kichai communities along Red River and Trinity headwaters in its early-eighteenth-century account, then discusses villages near present Palestine in the 1770s. It connects those communities with farming, colonial encounters, disease and conflict. This is a short historical synthesis with older references behind it, rather than a direct reading of encounter reports. Its numerical estimates and broad comparisons of customs are not repeated as independent facts.", "sourceIds": [ "c03-kitsai-tsha" ] }, { "title": "Reservation movement and distinct names", "text": "The entry records assignment to the Brazos Indian Reservation in 1855 and departure north in 1858. That date should be compared with original records rather than silently replaced by the 1859 chronology used for other groups. The Tribe’s connected history explicitly includes Kichai among named affiliated peoples. Together these sources preserve a particular history within wider relationships. The accompanying Fort Belknap kitchen photograph supplies nearby reservation-era military context; it is neither a Kichai home nor an image of the Brazos Reservation.", "sourceIds": [ "c03-kitsai-tsha", "p431-s1", "c03-brazos-reservation-place-support" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p171-s1", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/chic/ethno.pdf", "title": "An Ethnohistory of the Relationship between the Wichita and Caddo Tribes", "publisher": "National Park Service", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p171-s2", "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/department-of-preservation/", "title": "Department of Preservation", "publisher": "Wichita and Affiliated Tribes", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "c03-kitsai-tsha", "title": "Kichai Indians", "publisher": "Texas State Historical Association, Handbook of Texas Online", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/kichai-indians", "type": "Scholarly reference", "topics": [ "Kitsai / Kichai", "Texas", "Movement", "Reservation history" ], "annotation": "A short specifically Kichai historical account, useful alongside the retained Kitsai/Kichai spelling evidence and a community-published Wichita history. Its 1858 departure date is kept distinct from other groups’ 1859 removal accounts; no present population, citizenship or uniform cultural identity is inferred.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Complete two-paragraph main historical body, web lines 5–6, and anonymous citation/publication metadata read. Historical numerical estimates and general cultural-comparison language omitted; Hodge and underlying colonial/agency records not inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "Originally 1952; page metadata lists July 1, 1995 revision", "accessNotes": "Actual public HTML body readable without an account in this inspection. Linked bibliography, archival instruments and media remain separate works unless expressly listed.", "author": "No individual author supplied; page citation credits Anonymous" }, { "id": "p431-s1", "title": "Wichita Memories — four connected institutional history chapters", "publisher": "Wichita and Affiliated Tribes; exhibit collaboration credited to the Stovall Museum of Science and History and Oklahoma Archaeological Survey", "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/people-of-the-grass-house-1750-1820/", "type": "Indigenous-led / collaborative public history", "topics": [ "Names and affiliations", "Southern Plains", "Farming and hunting", "Texas", "Displacement", "Community continuity" ], "annotation": "Four linked chapters explain the Tribe’s historical account from early encounters through village life, displacement and continuing community. The credits identify a cooperative exhibit. Treat the chapters as one work, keep named historical groups distinct, and attribute archaeological, treaty and continuity interpretations rather than turning the narrative into independently checked archival evidence.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "author": "Institutionally published exhibit narrative; individual chapter byline not supplied", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Complete main narratives of In the Beginning:1540–1750 (lines27–38), People of the Grass House:1750–1820 (27–39), Days of Darkness:1820–1934 (27–37), and A New Beginning:1934–Present (27–38), plus References and Contributors (27–91). Public narrative passages read; no quoted origin stories, ceremonial details, images or underlying bibliography reproduced or separately researched.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One substantial connected historical exhibit, counted once rather than once per adjacent chapter or bibliography page.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/in-the-beginning-1540-1750/", "title": "In the Beginning:1540–1750", "scope": "Complete main narrative; original p431-s2 URL preserved separately as a duplicate reading route." }, { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/days-of-darkness-1820-1934/", "title": "Days of Darkness:1820–1934", "scope": "Complete main narrative; population estimates and legal interpretations not adopted as independent facts." }, { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/a-new-beginning-1934-present/", "title": "A New Beginning:1934–Present", "scope": "Complete main narrative; ongoing cultural/community account attributed to this publisher, not a current statistical survey." }, { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/references-and-contributors/", "title": "References and Contributors", "scope": "Collaboration, credits and reference list inspected; cited works remain unread unless checked separately by the other research agent." } ], "accessNotes": "Public readable English HTML, no account/paywall encountered. Individual publication/revision dates are unstated; date ranges in titles are historical coverage, not publication dates. Do not repeat historical population estimates as current figures, infer present identities from archaeological phases, or treat institutional treaty summaries as direct readings of the instruments." }, { "id": "c03-brazos-reservation-place-support", "title": "Brazos Indian Reservation — selected location and Fort Belknap context", "publisher": "Texas State Historical Association, Handbook of Texas Online", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/brazos-indian-reservation", "type": "Scholarly reference / supporting place context", "topics": [ "Brazos Reservation", "Fort Belknap", "Place context" ], "annotation": "Narrow supporting place context: this account places the Brazos Reservation twelve miles south of Fort Belknap and discusses troops from the fort at the reservation. The photographed fort kitchen is therefore nearby military/agency context, never a Kitsai or Tawakoni dwelling or the reservation itself. No jurisdiction or favorable colonial characterization is adopted.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Selected main-body location paragraphs, web lines 7–9, the Fort Belknap troop paragraph at 16 and the removal paragraph at 21 read. Only the fort/reservation location relationship supports image relevance. The longer article, its casualty totals and legal/jurisdiction claims are not adopted as independently verified history.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "publicationDate": "Undated publication", "accessNotes": "Actual public HTML body readable without an account in this inspection. Linked bibliography, archival instruments and media remain separate works unless expressly listed.", "author": "Carrie J. Crouch" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 431 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 171, "searchTerms": [ "Kichai" ], "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/tejas/fundamentals/languages.html", "publisher": "Texas Beyond History / Texas Archeological Research Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin", "scope": "Texas Beyond History, Caddoan Languages and Peoples: selected Northern Caddoan Peoples paragraph (line 71) explicitly states Kitsai is also spelled Kichai. Only the spelling bridge is used; language loss is not treated as disappearance, and archaeological speculation or broad affiliation is not adopted.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "overviewSourceIds": [ "c03-kitsai-tsha", "p431-s1" ], "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "researchGaps": [ "Compare the 1858 departure date with actual reservation and removal records; do not borrow another people’s route or date.", "The two original Kitsai source objects remain intact, but their old access dates alone are not new content reviews; inspect the NPS ethnohistory separately.", "Add public Kitsai/Kichai language and family-history scholarship; current citizenship and individual descent are not determined.", "The picture is nearby Fort Belknap context, not a specifically identified Kitsai dwelling, person or artifact." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded historical-community starting path with selected actual-content works, attributed perspectives and explicitly scoped imagery. No fixed source minimum, comprehensive completion, current subgroup government or individual descent is claimed.", "remainingLimits": [ "Compare the 1858 departure date with actual reservation and removal records; do not borrow another people’s route or date.", "The two original Kitsai source objects remain intact, but their old access dates alone are not new content reviews; inspect the NPS ethnohistory separately.", "Add public Kitsai/Kichai language and family-history scholarship; current citizenship and individual descent are not determined.", "The picture is nearby Fort Belknap context, not a specifically identified Kitsai dwelling, person or artifact." ] }, "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-03", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c03-kitsai-tsha", "reason": "Start with the short specifically Kichai historical account, keeping its 1858 chronology attributed." }, { "sourceId": "p431-s1", "reason": "Read the community-published connected history for the explicitly named affiliated relationship." } ], "scopeNote": "Historical people/community grouping; broader Caddo or Wichita access points are related reading. No automatic subgroup identity is assigned to an umbrella source, historical picture or current government.", "reviewBasis": "New actual-content scopes are separately dated; exact existing source objects retain their original dates/scopes. Image identification, rights and complete delivered frames are recorded separately.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "remainingQuestions": [ "Compare the 1858 departure date with actual reservation and removal records; do not borrow another people’s route or date.", "The two original Kitsai source objects remain intact, but their old access dates alone are not new content reviews; inspect the NPS ethnohistory separately.", "Add public Kitsai/Kichai language and family-history scholarship; current citizenship and individual descent are not determined.", "The picture is nearby Fort Belknap context, not a specifically identified Kitsai dwelling, person or artifact." ], "imageRecordId": "kitsai-fort-belknap-context" }, "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "p431-s1", "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "originalContentReviewScope": "Complete main narratives of In the Beginning:1540–1750 (lines27–38), People of the Grass House:1750–1820 (27–39), Days of Darkness:1820–1934 (27–37), and A New Beginning:1934–Present (27–38), plus References and Contributors (27–91). Public narrative passages read; no quoted origin stories, ceremonial details, images or underlying bibliography reproduced or separately researched.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "inspectionBasis": "Exact existing inspected source object preserved. Selection for this historical-community route does not claim a fresh whole-source review or another global work. Only specifically relevant statements are synthesized." } ], "evidenceNotes": [ "This reviewed starting guide records selected actual-content sources, their perspectives and access limits. Reused earlier reviews retain their original dates/scopes; images and repeated URLs do not create new historical works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "added": false, "slug": "kitsai", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "name": "Kitselas", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community-government route", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Kitselas has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community route in the BC Assembly directory. Roster inclusion does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or identity with a broader people label. Government details and relationships remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body, selected exact name and administrative-region label at lines 265-267; explicit BC heading at line 11. Previously readable body inspected October 26, 2026 and reused for this bounded name-only pass. No linked history, ethnicity, territory, photographs or map interaction reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "kitselas", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Kitsumkalum", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community-government route", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Kitsumkalum has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community route in the BC Assembly directory. Roster inclusion does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or identity with a broader people label. Government details and relationships remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body, selected exact name and administrative-region label at lines 269-271; explicit BC heading at line 11. Previously readable body inspected October 26, 2026 and reused for this bounded name-only pass. No linked history, ethnicity, territory, photographs or map interaction reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "kitsumkalum", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Klahoose First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community-government route", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Klahoose First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community route in the BC Assembly directory. Roster inclusion does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or identity with a broader people label. Government details and relationships remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body, selected exact name and administrative-region label at lines 273-274; explicit BC heading at line 11. Previously readable body inspected October 26, 2026 and reused for this bounded name-only pass. No linked history, ethnicity, territory, photographs or map interaction reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "klahoose-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Klamath", "region": "Klamath Basin, Oregon / California", "kind": "People", "overview": "Klamath people are one component of the Klamath Tribes, alongside Modoc and Yahooskin Paiute people.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Klamath people are one component of the Klamath Tribes, alongside Modoc and Yahooskin Paiute people.", "sourceIds": [ "p172-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "Congress terminated federal recognition in 1954; the Klamath Tribes regained recognition in 1986 after organized resistance.", "sourceIds": [ "p172-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The Tribes’ culture and heritage programs connect contemporary work with distinct constituent histories, language, and cultural stewardship.", "sourceIds": [ "p172-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p172-s1", "url": "https://klamathtribes.org/history/", "title": "Our History", "publisher": "Klamath Tribes", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p172-s2", "url": "https://klamathtribes.org/culture/", "title": "Culture & Heritage", "publisher": "Klamath Tribes", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 220 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 172, "added": false, "slug": "klamath", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest", "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" } ] }, { "name": "Klawock Cooperative Association", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Klawock Cooperative Association has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 890; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "klawock-cooperative-association", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Knik Tribe", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Knik Tribe has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 892; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "knik-tribe", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Kokhanok Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Kokhanok Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 894; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "kokhanok-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "K'ómoks First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community-government route", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "K'ómoks First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community route in the BC Assembly directory. Roster inclusion does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or identity with a broader people label. Government details and relationships remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body, selected exact name and administrative-region label at lines 241-243; explicit BC heading at line 11. Previously readable body inspected October 26, 2026 and reused for this bounded name-only pass. No linked history, ethnicity, territory, photographs or map interaction reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "komoks-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Konkow Maidu", "region": "Feather River region, California", "kind": "People", "overview": "Konkow Maidu communities are rooted in the Konkow Valley and Feather River drainage in northern California.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Konkow Maidu communities are rooted in the Konkow Valley and Feather River drainage in northern California.", "sourceIds": [ "p173-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "The Konkow Valley Band’s history emphasizes village-based identities, colonization, epidemic disease, and continuing residence in ancestral homelands.", "sourceIds": [ "p173-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The Band’s public website explicitly presents contemporary survival and community identity. Konkow should be read alongside, rather than collapsed into, broader Maidu categories.", "sourceIds": [ "p173-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p173-s1", "url": "https://www.konkow.us/index.php/history", "title": "History of the Konkow Indian Tribe", "publisher": "Konkow Valley Band of Maidu Indians", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p173-s2", "url": "https://www.konkow.us/", "title": "We Are Still Here", "publisher": "Konkow Valley Band of Maidu Indians", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 191 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 173, "added": false, "slug": "konkow-maidu", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Kootenai (Ktunaxa)", "region": "British Columbia / Montana / Idaho", "kind": "People", "overview": "Kootenai/Ktunaxa communities have distinct governments across the U.S.–Canada border. This reading path includes the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho and keeps community histories, language work and political relationships in their stated scope.", "sections": [ { "title": "Homelands across a later international border", "text": "The Ktunaxa Nation Council describes homelands along the Kootenay and Columbia rivers and Arrow Lakes, extending historically beyond British Columbia into neighboring provinces and U.S. states, including Idaho. Its accompanying map expressly warns that its boundaries are not comprehensive or exhaustive. This community account connects land, seasonal livelihoods and stewardship without defining a single modern government or final legal boundary.", "sourceIds": [ "p174-s1" ] }, { "title": "Language work and distinct participating communities", "text": "The Council's public language article describes work with speakers from four Canadian First Nations, the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho and Montana's Ksanka Band of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes. It connects classes, curriculum and community activities with intergenerational relationships. This is an institutional account of language work, without a verified speaker census or proof that every participating community operates identical programs.", "sourceIds": [ "p174-s2" ] }, { "title": "An Idaho community's history of remaining and organizing", "text": "The Kootenai Tribe of Idaho describes a separately governed community within the broader Ktunaxa world. Its history recounts pressure to relocate to Montana, remaining near Bonners Ferry, and peaceful protest in 1974 against neglect and inadequate living conditions. This is the Idaho Tribe's own account of dispossession and self-determination, not a single political history for all Ktunaxa communities.", "sourceIds": [ "kt174-i3" ] }, { "title": "Reading a dated constitutional publication", "text": "The Tribe-hosted Constitution and Bylaws records adoption on April 10, 1947, followed by federal approval on June 16. The compilation labels its latest amendment 1996. Its framework assigns a Tribal Council powers to represent the Tribe, manage affairs and establish a court and law code. This is a dated institutional text, without independently verifying all current amendments or rules.", "sourceIds": [ "kt174-i4" ] }, { "title": "River restoration as a Tribal priority", "text": "The Kootenai Tribe’s restoration materials connect changes to the Kootenai River with habitat and subsistence concerns. In 2003 testimony, then-chairman Gary Aitken described the Tribe-created Kootenai Valley Resource Initiative around Bonners Ferry and concerns for white sturgeon and burbot, speaking on behalf of the Upper Columbia United Tribes. A later USGS study, prepared in cooperation with the Tribe, examines one reach of the Tribe-led restoration project: it reports increased pool and depth measures after construction, while noting that the tested conditions fell short of the project’s stated depth target and that the measured sediment declines were more consistent with reduced incoming sediment than an effect of the treatments. The study recommends continued monitoring. These dated sources show specific institutional priorities and technical findings; neither establishes overall species recovery or represents all Ktunaxa communities.", "sourceIds": [ "kt174-i5", "kt174-c7", "kt174-g8" ] }, { "title": "Canadian Council work and community-driven planning", "text": "The Council's 2026 annual report describes education outreach, tutoring, training support and youth engagement in its Canadian member communities. Its governance chapter discusses data sovereignty and community-driven decision making. These are dated institutional reports and proposals, distinct from the Idaho Tribe's government. The report's draft governance goals do not establish completed agreements or verified outcomes.", "sourceIds": [ "kt174-c6" ] }, { "title": "An education access point in Idaho", "text": "The Idaho Tribe's short education page describes school support, adult learning and assistance for higher education. It is a useful access point; the undated description does not establish current eligibility, availability or outcomes.", "sourceIds": [ "kt174-support-education" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p174-s1", "title": "ʔamakʔis Ktunaxa", "author": "Ktunaxa Nation Council; institutional account without an individual byline", "publisher": "Ktunaxa Nation Council", "url": "https://ktunaxa.org/about/map/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Homelands", "Community perspective", "Colonial impacts", "Mapping limits" ], "annotation": "A substantive community homeland account accompanies the map. Its stated limits matter: the depiction is not comprehensive or exhaustive. Historical geography and stewardship perspectives do not establish one government or final legal boundaries.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual map disclaimer and narrative body read, especially lines 156–173. Place-name list screened; linked stories, interactive mapping and source media not investigated or reused.", "publicationDate": "Undated; footer copyright does not date the narrative or map", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "Actual homeland/history narrative contributes substantive primary perspective beyond a map image or navigation list." }, { "id": "p174-s2", "title": "Indigenous Languages Day and the strength of the Ktunaxa language", "author": "Ktunaxa Nation Council; institutional article without an individual byline", "publisher": "Ktunaxa Nation Council", "url": "https://ktunaxa.org/resources/indigenous-languages-day-and-the-strength-of-the-ktunaxa-language/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language work", "Intergenerational relationships", "Cross-border communities" ], "annotation": "A substantive public article connects language work with relationships among generations and land. It explicitly names Canadian and U.S. communities. Institutional goals and growth assertions are not an independently verified speaker census or outcome evaluation.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete article body, lines 77–133, read. Synthesis selects community list and teaching descriptions at 96–112. No audio, linked toolkit, recordings, stories or related magazine articles reviewed.", "publicationDate": "Undated article; March 31 names an annual observance, and a 2025 photograph does not establish publication date", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "Substantial institutional language-work discussion with explicit community scope, rather than an event title or resource list alone." }, { "id": "kt174-i3", "title": "Tribal History — Kootenai Tribe of Idaho", "author": "Kootenai Tribe of Idaho; institutional history without an individual byline", "publisher": "Kootenai Tribe of Idaho", "url": "https://www.kootenai.org/tribal-history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Idaho community", "Dispossession", "1974 peaceful protest", "Self-determination" ], "annotation": "The Idaho Tribe's own substantial history distinguishes its community from other Ktunaxa bands and recounts relocation pressures and peaceful protest. It is an attributed community account, without independent review of every underlying treaty or administrative record.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete history body, lines 55–92, read. Synthesis selects relocation, continued Idaho residence and 1974 protest; belief narratives, numbers, private family detail and current compact terms excluded.", "publicationDate": "Undated narrative; 2025 text copyright and 2026 site footer are not established publication dates", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "Substantial government-authored historical self-account directly relevant to the Idaho community." }, { "id": "kt174-i4", "title": "Constitution and Bylaws of the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho — dated compilation", "author": "Kootenai Tribe of Idaho", "publisher": "Kootenai Tribe of Idaho; original approval reproduced in the publication", "url": "https://www.kootenai.org/_files/ugd/33a7a2_a90940a8d4dc4b0fb332eb86bad4131f.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Idaho government", "Constitutional history", "Institutional powers" ], "annotation": "The Tribe-hosted primary text supplies a dated institutional framework. Its header labels the latest amendment 1996; that is not verification of all current law. Adoption and federal approval dates are distinct; membership terms are not summarized.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual five-page text read, including preamble, Council provisions and adoption/approval certificates. Claim uses pages 1–2 and 4–5; no original amendment instruments independently inspected.", "publicationDate": "Compilation header: original approved 1947, latest amendment 1996. Certificate: adopted April 10, 1947; federal approval June 16, 1947. Compilation publication date unstated", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Official publication route — Law & Order Code", "url": "https://www.kootenai.org/law-order-code", "scope": "Actual index links this exact constitution; other code titles not read or counted." } ], "countReason": "Actual primary constitutional text, not an index-only legal source. One compilation, not separate certificate or article counts." }, { "id": "kt174-i5", "title": "Kootenai Tribe of Idaho Natural Resources — selected habitat-restoration and aquaculture collection", "author": "Kootenai Tribe of Idaho Natural Resources; institutional program accounts without individual bylines", "publisher": "Kootenai Tribe of Idaho", "url": "https://www.naturalresourceskootenaitribe.com/habitat-restoration", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "River restoration", "Subsistence access", "Environmental change", "Aquaculture" ], "annotation": "Related substantive Tribal program accounts are grouped once. They connect environmental change, subsistence access and restoration priorities. Descriptions and aspirations are not independent recovery evaluations, unchanged implementation schedules or verification of every legal assertion.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual habitat body 50–66, aquaculture body 48–62 and linked tribal Fish & Wildlife body 51–57 read. No project maps, datasets, technical plans or photographs reviewed or reused.", "publicationDate": "Undated pages; copyright years do not date the descriptions or projected schedules", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceUnitKey": "kootenai-idaho-natural-resources-selected-public-account", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Aquaculture", "url": "https://www.naturalresourceskootenaitribe.com/aquaculture", "scope": "Actual conservation-program history, partner categories and ecosystem goals read; linked management plans unread." }, { "title": "Fish & Wildlife — official cross-link", "url": "https://www.kootenai.org/fish-wildlife", "scope": "Actual program body links the Natural Resources site; overlapping text adds no count." } ], "countReason": "Several related substantive original explanations form one conservative institutional collection. No count for individual pages, homepages, photographs, plans or listed projects." }, { "id": "kt174-c6", "title": "Ktunaxa Nation Council Annual Report 2026 — selected education and governance sections", "author": "Ktunaxa Nation Council; Education and Employment team and Governance section, with Gwen Phillips's signed governance report", "publisher": "Ktunaxa Nation Council", "url": "https://ktunaxa.org/resources/2026-ktunaxa-nation-council-annual-report/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Canadian member Nations", "Education", "Community engagement", "Data sovereignty", "Governance planning" ], "annotation": "A substantial dated institutional self-report documents Canadian Council activities and planning. Selected sections provide community priorities, without independently evaluated outcomes. Draft governance goals are not achieved agreements or a constitution governing Idaho or Montana communities.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 68-page PDF: 1–5 title, vision, contents and structure; 38–41 education; 53–55 governance. Other chapters not reviewed. Undated governance-page institutional history also read as supporting context.", "publicationDate": "2026 annual report; member/director list explicitly as of July 2026. Selected material includes 2025 activities and 2026 events; report year is not a date for every activity", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Actual 2026 annual-report PDF", "url": "https://ktunaxa.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/2026-KNC-AGA-Report-Online-Distribution.pdf", "scope": "Selected actual pages read; landing page and PDF are one work." }, { "title": "Our Governance — supporting institutional context", "url": "https://ktunaxa.org/about/governance/", "scope": "Actual Council history and four-First-Nations accountability statement; short context, not another count." } ], "countReason": "Actual substantive report sections, not contents/cover/landing alone. One report regardless of sectors, chapters or named contributors." }, { "id": "kt174-support-education", "title": "Kootenai Tribe Education Program — supporting orientation", "author": "Kootenai Tribe of Idaho; institutional account", "publisher": "Kootenai Tribe of Idaho", "url": "https://www.kootenai.org/education", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Education", "Institutional navigation" ], "annotation": "A short undated program description provides an educational access point. Retained as supporting context, without current service, benefit-eligibility or outcomes verification.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete brief body, lines 51–62, read. Applications, staff details and eligibility instruments not investigated.", "publicationDate": "Undated; footer copyright is not a program publication date", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Brief program orientation, not a substantive educational report or evaluation." }, { "id": "kt174-c7", "title": "Statement by Gary Aitken, Sr., on behalf of the Upper Columbia United Tribes — Senate hearing, June 4, 2003", "author": "Gary Aitken, Sr., then chairman of the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho and vice-chairman of the Upper Columbia United Tribes", "publisher": "U.S. Senate Committee on Indian Affairs", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/108/chrg/CHRG-108shrg87846/CHRG-108shrg87846.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Kootenai Tribe of Idaho", "Kootenai Valley", "Fish and wildlife stewardship", "Kootenai River", "Federal policy" ], "annotation": "A contemporaneous statement by the Tribe’s then-chairman, delivered on behalf of the five-government Upper Columbia United Tribes coalition. Aitken describes the Kootenai Valley Resource Initiative in Bonners Ferry, local fisheries and habitat concerns associated with Libby Dam. The testimony is an attributed institutional perspective in a federal policy hearing, not an independent ecological assessment or a complete history of Ktunaxa communities.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual searchable congressional hearing PDF downloaded from Congress.gov. Read printed pp. 14–16 (PDF pp. 18–20), including the entirety of Aitken’s oral statement; page text was extracted and inspected. The separate prepared-statement appendix was not reviewed or counted. The hearing’s other witnesses are not attributed to Aitken or the Kootenai Tribe.", "publicationDate": "June 4, 2003 hearing; transcript published by the U.S. Government Printing Office in 2003", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "Substantive, localized testimony by the Kootenai Tribe’s then-chairman, with its five-government coalition scope explicit; one hearing contribution counted once." }, { "id": "kt174-g8", "title": "Effects of Restoration Work on Kootenai River White Sturgeon Critical Habitat, 2011–22", "author": "Megan K. Kenworthy and Taylor J. Dudunake", "publisher": "U.S. Geological Survey, prepared in cooperation with the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20255071", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Kootenai Tribe of Idaho", "River stewardship", "White sturgeon", "Burbot", "Habitat restoration", "Monitoring limits" ], "annotation": "A technical evaluation of a Kootenai Tribe-led, interagency restoration program in the Kootenai River’s Braided and Straight Reaches. Selected findings report improved pool and depth metrics after construction, but the tested conditions did not meet the stated channel-depth target, and sediment trends did not show that the treatments themselves reduced suspended-sediment transport. The study is geographically and methodologically bounded; it does not evaluate the Tribe’s overall stewardship or establish species recovery.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 46-page PDF read selectively: abstract; introduction, printed pp. 3–5; discussion, p. 28; and summary/conclusions, p. 30. Title, acknowledgments and contents were checked. Methods, complete results, references, data release and associated figures were not reviewed. The official publication record returned 403 to one automated page fetch, but the linked USGS PDF downloaded successfully; this is not described as a reader paywall.", "publicationDate": "September 9, 2025", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5071 PDF", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5071/sir20255071.pdf", "scope": "Actual report PDF, selected sections noted above; publication landing page and PDF are one work." } ], "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "Substantive government technical report, prepared in cooperation with the Tribe and focused on the Tribe-led river restoration project; counts once, not as an independent cultural history." } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 174, "preferredName": "Ktunaxa / Kootenai", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "rationale": "Eight substantive works now support a clearer Idaho-centered introduction, including direct Kootenai Tribe history and governance, a dated chairman’s testimony, and a USGS technical study produced in cooperation with the Tribe. This remains unfinished as a profile titled Kootenai (Ktunaxa): the evidence is uneven across the distinct U.S. and Canadian communities, and an environmental report cannot supply the missing community histories or language perspectives.", "remainingLimits": [ "Independent Montana-community perspectives are limited to explicit peer identification in these sources.", "The Canadian Council’s work is not a substitute for the four member First Nations’ own detailed histories.", "The 2003 hearing is a dated coalition policy statement, not a full Kootenai history; the 2025 USGS study covers one restoration reach and selected physical indicators.", "Current law, broader program outcomes and quantitative language conditions remain outside the review." ] }, "researchGaps": [ "Further Idaho-community oral-history/public interview perspectives, and original historical records, would broaden the institutional accounts without substituting a colonial author's voice for the Tribe's own.", "Separate substantive Ksanka/Kootenai community sources in Montana remain a priority; Salish and Upper Pend d'Oreille people are not interchangeable with Kootenai people within CSKT.", "The Canadian Council report and map are situated institutional perspectives, not exhaustive research into each member Nation, boundary, title claim or land declaration.", "An actual specialist language-learning publication and dated evaluation would strengthen the public program descriptions. No current speaker census or tested fluency outcome was established.", "The Kootenai Tribe’s 2009 restoration master plan, complete technical methods/results, data release and other monitoring studies remain to be read. The 2025 USGS report is a bounded assessment of one reach and selected river-habitat indicators; it does not establish overall ecological recovery." ], "coverageLevel": "reviewed-source-guide", "evidenceNotes": [ "Substantive works and supporting access routes are counted separately. Actual selected inspection scope and dates appear on the cards; unread references and source media are not counted.", "This regional batch is an initial educational review, not a complete history or community endorsement. Governmental, historical and language labels retain their specific community and period.", "Reviewed 2026-10-23: added one 2003 oral congressional statement by Kootenai Tribe of Idaho chairman Gary Aitken, delivered for the five-government Upper Columbia United Tribes coalition, and one 2025 USGS report prepared in cooperation with the Tribe. The report evaluates selected fish-habitat metrics in one reach; results and limitations are attributed to the authors. Neither source adds a historical-map route or substitutes for distinct Ktunaxa community histories." ], "overviewSourceIds": [ "p174-s1" ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-01", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "kt174-i3", "reason": "The Kootenai Tribe of Idaho's own history introduces its continuing Idaho community, relocation pressures and 1974 peaceful protest." }, { "sourceId": "p174-s1", "reason": "The Council's homeland narrative adds a broader cross-border perspective while its map disclaimer explicitly rejects exhaustive coverage." }, { "sourceId": "p174-s2", "reason": "The Ktunaxa language article names Canadian and U.S. communities and explains intergenerational teaching in the institution's own voice." }, { "sourceId": "kt174-i5", "reason": "The Idaho Tribe's habitat and aquaculture collection connects river change, subsistence access and restoration priorities without equating programs with recovery." } ], "scopeNote": "A cross-border people-level route: the Idaho Tribe, Montana Ksanka/Kootenai within CSKT, Canadian First Nations and the Council have distinct institutional scopes. The Council's territory narrative is expressly non-exhaustive. The natural-resource pages form one grouped collection; technical plans, datasets and current recovery outcomes are outside that inspection.", "reviewRationale": "Four community-published works connect a specific Idaho history with wider homeland/language relationships and stewardship, while keeping the limited Montana and individual Canadian-Nation coverage visible.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Montana Ksanka and separate Canadian member-Nation histories, public oral histories and specialist language evidence remain underrepresented.", "No current speaker census, legal boundary, full treaty determination or overall ecological recovery follows from these institutional accounts.", "The image depicts public-refuge wetlands near Bonners Ferry; it is regional environmental context, not tribal members, reservation land or all Ktunaxa communities." ], "imageRecordId": "kootenai-refuge-scenic-hardt-2022", "reviewBasis": "Review of existing actual-content source records, retained evidence ledgers and image identification/rights records. No new original-source inspection count, fresh image inspection or comprehensive completion is implied.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false }, "added": false, "slug": "kootenai-ktunaxa", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-ID", "name": "Idaho", "key": "us-id" }, { "id": "US-MT", "name": "Montana", "key": "us-mt" } ] }, { "name": "Kootenai Tribe of Idaho", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Idaho", "overview": "The Kootenai Tribe of Idaho is a separately governed community within the wider Ktunaxa world. Its public history, dated constitutional publication and resource-restoration materials provide three complementary starting points. They connect remaining in Idaho and political organization with continuing responsibilities to the Kootenai River and its living resources.", "relationshipNote": "This is an individually named government and community route. Its own publications and the selected institutional sources provide the scoped context below. Broader people-level reading routes are related context, not interchangeable governments, an individual citizenship determination or a boundary claim.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Remaining in Idaho and organizing", "text": "The Tribe's history recounts pressure to relocate to Montana, continued residence near Bonners Ferry and peaceful protest in 1974 over neglect and inadequate living conditions. It is the Idaho community's own account of dispossession and self-determination. That specific history should remain distinct from the histories of other Ktunaxa governments across the international border and in Montana.", "sourceIds": [ "kt174-i3" ] }, { "title": "A dated constitutional framework", "text": "The Tribe-hosted Constitution and Bylaws records adoption on April 10, 1947, and federal approval on June 16. Its compilation labels the latest amendment 1996. The text describes a Tribal Council able to represent the Tribe, manage its affairs and establish a court and law code. This dated framework does not independently establish every present amendment or current legal rule.", "sourceIds": [ "kt174-i4" ] }, { "title": "River habitat and living resources", "text": "The Tribe's habitat-restoration and aquaculture accounts connect environmental change with habitat and subsistence concerns. They explain institutional priorities and related restoration work rather than simply listing offices. Read the program collection as a Tribal account of work and aspirations. It does not independently measure species recovery, prove every project outcome or supply an unchanged schedule for future work.", "sourceIds": [ "kt174-i5" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "kt174-i3", "title": "Tribal History — Kootenai Tribe of Idaho", "author": "Kootenai Tribe of Idaho; institutional history without an individual byline", "publisher": "Kootenai Tribe of Idaho", "url": "https://www.kootenai.org/tribal-history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Idaho community", "Dispossession", "1974 peaceful protest", "Self-determination" ], "annotation": "The Idaho Tribe's own substantial history distinguishes its community from other Ktunaxa bands and recounts relocation pressures and peaceful protest. It is an attributed community account, without independent review of every underlying treaty or administrative record.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete history body, lines 55–92, read. Synthesis selects relocation, continued Idaho residence and 1974 protest; belief narratives, numbers, private family detail and current compact terms excluded.", "publicationDate": "Undated narrative; 2025 text copyright and 2026 site footer are not established publication dates", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "Substantial government-authored historical self-account directly relevant to the Idaho community." }, { "id": "kt174-i4", "title": "Constitution and Bylaws of the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho — dated compilation", "author": "Kootenai Tribe of Idaho", "publisher": "Kootenai Tribe of Idaho; original approval reproduced in the publication", "url": "https://www.kootenai.org/_files/ugd/33a7a2_a90940a8d4dc4b0fb332eb86bad4131f.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Idaho government", "Constitutional history", "Institutional powers" ], "annotation": "The Tribe-hosted primary text supplies a dated institutional framework. Its header labels the latest amendment 1996; that is not verification of all current law. Adoption and federal approval dates are distinct; membership terms are not summarized.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual five-page text read, including preamble, Council provisions and adoption/approval certificates. Claim uses pages 1–2 and 4–5; no original amendment instruments independently inspected.", "publicationDate": "Compilation header: original approved 1947, latest amendment 1996. Certificate: adopted April 10, 1947; federal approval June 16, 1947. Compilation publication date unstated", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Official publication route — Law & Order Code", "url": "https://www.kootenai.org/law-order-code", "scope": "Actual index links this exact constitution; other code titles not read or counted." } ], "countReason": "Actual primary constitutional text, not an index-only legal source. One compilation, not separate certificate or article counts." }, { "id": "kt174-i5", "title": "Kootenai Tribe of Idaho Natural Resources — selected habitat-restoration and aquaculture collection", "author": "Kootenai Tribe of Idaho Natural Resources; institutional program accounts without individual bylines", "publisher": "Kootenai Tribe of Idaho", "url": "https://www.naturalresourceskootenaitribe.com/habitat-restoration", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "River restoration", "Subsistence access", "Environmental change", "Aquaculture" ], "annotation": "Related substantive Tribal program accounts are grouped once. They connect environmental change, subsistence access and restoration priorities. Descriptions and aspirations are not independent recovery evaluations, unchanged implementation schedules or verification of every legal assertion.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual habitat body 50–66, aquaculture body 48–62 and linked tribal Fish & Wildlife body 51–57 read. No project maps, datasets, technical plans or photographs reviewed or reused.", "publicationDate": "Undated pages; copyright years do not date the descriptions or projected schedules", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceUnitKey": "kootenai-idaho-natural-resources-selected-public-account", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Aquaculture", "url": "https://www.naturalresourceskootenaitribe.com/aquaculture", "scope": "Actual conservation-program history, partner categories and ecosystem goals read; linked management plans unread." }, { "title": "Fish & Wildlife — official cross-link", "url": "https://www.kootenai.org/fish-wildlife", "scope": "Actual program body links the Natural Resources site; overlapping text adds no count." } ], "countReason": "Several related substantive original explanations form one conservative institutional collection. No count for individual pages, homepages, photographs, plans or listed projects." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-id/tribal-lands", "publisher": "United States Attorney’s Office, District of Idaho", "scope": "Actual Tribal Lands main body, lines39–43; five named governments located wholly/partly in Idaho. Only names and current regional location used; no historical/territorial or population claims adopted. Page updated November2,2021.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://www.bia.gov/regional-offices/northwest/tribes-served", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs, Northwest Regional Office", "scope": "Actual Tribes Served list, lines12–29; exact government labels for Coeur d’Alene, Fort Hall, Kootenai and Nez Perce entries. Regional agency listing does not itself establish a homeland or cultural affiliation.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 174 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Compare the community history with underlying treaty and administrative records.", "Check later constitutional amendments before describing present law or citizenship.", "Add community voices and independent ecological evaluation; program aspirations are not verified recovery outcomes." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A compact source-led introduction to this named government. Selected public sources provide useful orientation, with limited voices, historical coverage and outcome evaluation; no comprehensive completion or community endorsement is claimed.", "remainingLimits": [ "Compare the community history with underlying treaty and administrative records.", "Check later constitutional amendments before describing present law or citizenship.", "Add community voices and independent ecological evaluation; program aspirations are not verified recovery outcomes." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "kt174-i3", "kt174-i4", "kt174-i5" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Community-specific starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "kt174-i3", "origin": { "originalId": 174, "profile": "Kootenai (Ktunaxa)", "date": "2026-10-21" }, "inspectionBasis": "Reused exact prior source object, original review date and annotation/scope; no fresh original-source inspection claimed.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "scopeIfNoSeparateField": "Actual complete history body, lines 55–92, read. Synthesis selects relocation, continued Idaho residence and 1974 protest; belief narratives, numbers, private family detail and current compact terms excluded." }, { "sourceId": "kt174-i4", "origin": { "originalId": 174, "profile": "Kootenai (Ktunaxa)", "date": "2026-10-21" }, "inspectionBasis": "Reused exact prior source object, original review date and annotation/scope; no fresh original-source inspection claimed.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "scopeIfNoSeparateField": "Actual five-page text read, including preamble, Council provisions and adoption/approval certificates. Claim uses pages 1–2 and 4–5; no original amendment instruments independently inspected." }, { "sourceId": "kt174-i5", "origin": { "originalId": 174, "profile": "Kootenai (Ktunaxa)", "date": "2026-10-21" }, "inspectionBasis": "Reused exact prior source object, original review date and annotation/scope; no fresh original-source inspection claimed.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "scopeIfNoSeparateField": "Actual habitat body 50–66, aquaculture body 48–62 and linked tribal Fish & Wildlife body 51–57 read. No project maps, datasets, technical plans or photographs reviewed or reused." } ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-02", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "kt174-i3", "reason": "Hear the Idaho Tribe's account of remaining and political action." }, { "sourceId": "kt174-i4", "reason": "See the dated primary framework for the named government's organization." }, { "sourceId": "kt174-i5", "reason": "Connect that history with the Tribe's own habitat and aquaculture work." } ], "scopeNote": "Named government route; nearby people-level profiles remain related reading rather than interchangeable identities. Review dates and selected-content limits are preserved.", "reviewBasis": "Prior actual-content source records reused with explicit provenance; Nez Perce sources newly inspected on the package date. Picture review is recorded separately.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Compare the community history with underlying treaty and administrative records.", "Check later constitutional amendments before describing present law or citizenship.", "Add community voices and independent ecological evaluation; program aspirations are not verified recovery outcomes." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "imageRecordId": "kootenai-tribe-idaho-refuge-hardt-2022" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "A community-specific starting guide reuses selected earlier actual-content reviews with their original dates/scopes. It does not add new global works merely because a URL appears on this route. Picture identification/rights are separate from historical adequacy or community endorsement." ], "identityVerificationNote": "Individually named Idaho government in the inspected federal directory. This name-only pass does not determine a broader people/language affiliation or make it synonymous with an existing people-level route.", "slug": "kootenai-tribe-of-idaho", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-ID", "name": "Idaho", "key": "us-id" } ] }, { "name": "Kotsoteka", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Historical Comanche band / division name", "region": "Oklahoma", "overview": "Kotsoteka is an individually findable historical Comanche band/division name. Detailed history, reading sources and specifically relevant imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "The December 2021 report identifies this name within historical Comanche band/division organization. This is a historical name-only access route linked to the broader Comanche collection, not a newly established separate people, present-day government, citizenship category or exclusive descendant group. The report describes band formation and political organization as fluid. Printed spellings in the inspected December 2021 synthesis, attributed there to CLCPC 2010. They are not independently verified community-preferred present orthography; no translations or pronunciation claims are adopted.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://ftp.txdot.gov/pub/txdot-info/env/toolkit/415-03-rpt.pdf", "title": "TxDOT Tribal Histories: Comanche Nation Research Report", "publisher": "Texas Department of Transportation", "sourceDate": "December 2021", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "scope": "Actual PDF printed and physical pages 9: The report explicitly names Kotsoteka and the two printed variants in its historical-band discussion, locating the account in present-day western Oklahoma along the Canadian River. Historical name/relationship check only; no present-government or present-membership claim.", "selectedPages": [ 9 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 8 ], "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [ "Kutsutvvka", "Kuhtsutvvka" ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 83 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "comanche" ], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "kotsoteka", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "name": "Koyukon", "region": "Interior Alaska", "kind": "People", "overview": "Denaakk’e, also called Koyukon, is associated with communities along the Koyukuk and middle Yukon rivers.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Denaakk’e, also called Koyukon, is associated with communities along the Koyukuk and middle Yukon rivers.", "sourceIds": [ "p175-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "The Alaska Native Language Center describes Upper, Central, and Lower dialects and the documentation work of Koyukon speaker Eliza Jones.", "sourceIds": [ "p175-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The Alaska Native Language Archive provides a dedicated Koyukon collection. Its records are language evidence, not a substitute for each village government’s perspective.", "sourceIds": [ "p175-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p175-s1", "url": "https://www.uaf.edu/anlc/languages-move/koyukon.php", "title": "Languages — Koyukon", "publisher": "Alaska Native Language Center", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p175-s2", "url": "https://www.uaf.edu/anla/collections/koyukon/list/", "title": "List of Koyukon language resources", "publisher": "Alaska Native Language Archive", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 99 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 175, "added": false, "slug": "koyukon", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Koyukuk Native Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Koyukuk Native Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 896; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "koyukuk-native-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Kumeyaay", "region": "Southern California / northern Baja California", "kind": "People", "overview": "Kumeyaay communities span the San Diego region and northern Baja California, across a later international border.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Kumeyaay communities span the San Diego region and northern Baja California, across a later international border.", "sourceIds": [ "p176-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "Kumeyaay histories describe dispossession and the survival of distinct bands, reservations, and Mexican communities. A broad Kumeyaay profile cannot replace those local histories.", "sourceIds": [ "p176-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "Kumeyaay-produced educational resources provide an introduction; the Museum of Us identifies its location on unceded Kumeyaay homeland and offers an institutional counterpart.", "sourceIds": [ "p176-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p176-s1", "url": "https://www.kumeyaay.info/history/", "title": "Kumeyaay History", "publisher": "Kumeyaay.info", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p176-s2", "url": "https://museumofus.org/", "title": "Museum of Us", "publisher": "Museum of Us", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 196 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 176, "added": false, "slug": "kumeyaay", "regionGroups": [ "California", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Kwadacha", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community-government route", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Kwadacha has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community route in the BC Assembly directory. Roster inclusion does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or identity with a broader people label. Government details and relationships remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body, selected exact name and administrative-region label at lines 280-282; explicit BC heading at line 11. Previously readable body inspected October 26, 2026 and reused for this bounded name-only pass. No linked history, ethnicity, territory, photographs or map interaction reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "kwadacha", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Kwakiutl", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community-government route", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Kwakiutl has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community route in the BC Assembly directory. Roster inclusion does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or identity with a broader people label. Government details and relationships remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body, selected exact name and administrative-region label at lines 284-286; explicit BC heading at line 11. Previously readable body inspected October 26, 2026 and reused for this bounded name-only pass. No linked history, ethnicity, territory, photographs or map interaction reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "kwakiutl", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Kwakwaka'wakw", "region": "Northeastern Vancouver Island / mainland British Columbia", "kind": "Related nations", "overview": "Kwakwa̱ka̱ʼwakw means Kwak̓wala-speaking people, encompassing distinct communities and nations rather than one interchangeable tribal identity.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Kwakwa̱ka̱ʼwakw means Kwak̓wala-speaking people, encompassing distinct communities and nations rather than one interchangeable tribal identity.", "sourceIds": [ "p177-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "U’mista’s Potlatch Collection documents regalia confiscated after the 1921 potlatch and the long struggle for its return.", "sourceIds": [ "p177-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "U’mista explains that artistic rights and designs belong to particular families and nations; cultural learning requires attention to ownership and permission.", "sourceIds": [ "p177-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p177-s1", "url": "https://www.umista.ca/pages/about-us", "title": "About Us", "publisher": "U’mista Cultural Centre", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p177-s2", "url": "https://www.umista.ca/pages/authenticity", "title": "Authenticity", "publisher": "U’mista Cultural Centre", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 177, "added": false, "slug": "kwakwakawakw", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Kwantlen First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community-government route", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Kwantlen First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community route in the BC Assembly directory. Roster inclusion does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or identity with a broader people label. Government details and relationships remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body, selected exact name and administrative-region label at lines 288-290; explicit BC heading at line 11. Previously readable body inspected October 26, 2026 and reused for this bounded name-only pass. No linked history, ethnicity, territory, photographs or map interaction reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "kwantlen-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Kwaw-kwaw-a-pilt First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community-government route", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Kwaw-kwaw-a-pilt First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community route in the BC Assembly directory. Roster inclusion does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or identity with a broader people label. Government details and relationships remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body, selected exact name and administrative-region label at lines 292-294; explicit BC heading at line 11. Previously readable body inspected October 26, 2026 and reused for this bounded name-only pass. No linked history, ethnicity, territory, photographs or map interaction reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "kwawkwawapilt-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Kwiakah", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community-government route", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Kwiakah has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community route in the BC Assembly directory. Roster inclusion does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or identity with a broader people label. Government details and relationships remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body, selected exact name and administrative-region label at lines 296-298; explicit BC heading at line 11. Previously readable body inspected October 26, 2026 and reused for this bounded name-only pass. No linked history, ethnicity, territory, photographs or map interaction reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "kwiakah", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Kwikwasut'inuxw Hax'wamis", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community-government route", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Kwikwasut'inuxw Hax'wamis has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community route in the BC Assembly directory. Roster inclusion does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or identity with a broader people label. Government details and relationships remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body, selected exact name and administrative-region label at lines 300-302; explicit BC heading at line 11. Previously readable body inspected October 26, 2026 and reused for this bounded name-only pass. No linked history, ethnicity, territory, photographs or map interaction reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "kwikwasutinuxw-haxwamis", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Kwikwetlem First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community-government route", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Kwikwetlem First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community route in the BC Assembly directory. Roster inclusion does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or identity with a broader people label. Government details and relationships remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body, selected exact name and administrative-region label at lines 304-306; explicit BC heading at line 11. Previously readable body inspected October 26, 2026 and reused for this bounded name-only pass. No linked history, ethnicity, territory, photographs or map interaction reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "kwikwetlem-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Wisconsin, United States — current government listing", "overview": "Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa is a distinct Ojibwe government whose official history names the community as Odaawaa-Zaaga'iganiing. The account places land, treaties and the effects of logging at the center of its nineteenth-century history. It describes reservation boundaries surveyed with Tribal chiefs in 1872 and the depletion of timber during the following decades. The account also emphasizes the persistence of hunting, fishing and seasonal food gathering under sustained outside pressure. A complementary introduction comes from Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe University, which traces its origins to a task force of parents and educators and a charter from the Tribal Governing Board in 1982. Its account follows the institution's later educational and campus development. Together, the readings connect a community history of land pressure with education built under Tribal authority. They do not establish current legal rights, admissions, accreditation or educational outcomes. The NPS photograph shows Lac Courte Oreilles Boys and Girls Club paddlers during a particular 2014 outing; it does not identify the citizenship of every participant.", "relationshipNote": "The state roster identifies this named Tribal Nation separately. It does not establish the full history or relationships of every broader reading label.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Land pressure in the Band narrative", "text": "The official account describes chiefs accompanying the 1872 reservation survey and subsequent logging that depleted the timber base. It also records seasonal livelihoods continuing under pressure, making land and community continuity a useful starting theme.", "sourceIds": [ "c4-lco-history" ] }, { "title": "A Tribal charter for higher education", "text": "The university traces its beginning to parents and educators organizing in 1982 and a charter issued that August by the Tribal Governing Board. Its institutional chronology offers a second path into local community building.", "sourceIds": [ "c4-lco-university" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c4-lco-history", "title": "History of Lac Courte Oreilles", "publisher": "Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "url": "https://lco-nsn.gov/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community history", "Logging and land", "Seasonal livelihoods" ], "annotation": "The Band interprets treaty-era pressure, reservation surveying and timber extraction from a community perspective. Broad origin, language-family and naming assertions are excluded; historical figures need independent corroboration.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual History body from mission through closing twentieth-century transition read in rendered search content; selected reservation-survey, timber and seasonal-livelihood paragraphs. Archaeological/burial detail, generalized ethnology and numerical timber-price claims excluded.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessLimits": "Public HTML selected body read; linked resources not read unless separately listed." }, { "id": "c4-lco-university", "title": "History", "publisher": "Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe University", "url": "https://www.lco.edu/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Tribal education", "Community institutions", "History" ], "annotation": "The university recounts its community planning, Tribal charter and institutional development. This is its own history; current accreditation, course availability, access and educational outcomes were not independently evaluated.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual History body lines 179–217 read, especially 1982 planning and Tribal charter at 183–190. Later institutional changes read as historical self-description, not current accreditation verification.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessLimits": "Public HTML selected body read; linked resources not read unless separately listed." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://dcf.wisconsin.gov/tribalaffairs/tribalinformation", "publisher": "Wisconsin Department of Children and Families", "title": "Tribal Information — Federally Recognized Tribes in Wisconsin", "scope": "Named in the complete eleven-government list; identity/name check only.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "chippewa" ], "researchGaps": [ "Read community-focused historical scholarship and underlying survey, treaty and timber records before expanding the chronology.", "Add community voices on language and education and evidence of access and outcomes.", "Do not infer present harvesting rules, public access or university admissions from historical descriptions." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded collection of actual selected source bodies supports a useful starting guide for this named government. It remains incomplete and does not imply community endorsement.", "remainingLimits": [ "Read community-focused historical scholarship and underlying survey, treaty and timber records before expanding the chronology.", "Add community voices on language and education and evidence of access and outcomes.", "Do not infer present harvesting rules, public access or university admissions from historical descriptions." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "c4-lco-history", "c4-lco-university" ], "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-04", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c4-lco-history", "reason": "The Band interprets treaty-era pressure, reservation surveying and timber extraction from a community perspective. Broad origin, language-family and naming assertions are excluded; historical figures need independent corroboration." }, { "sourceId": "c4-lco-university", "reason": "The university recounts its community planning, Tribal charter and institutional development. This is its own history; current accreditation, course availability, access and educational outcomes were not independently evaluated." } ], "scopeNote": "Exact named government; broader Ojibwe or Potawatomi histories and related governments remain distinct.", "reviewBasis": "Actual selected bodies read; baseline identification evidence and supporting photograph context are retained separately and do not count as substantive reading.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Read community-focused historical scholarship and underlying survey, treaty and timber records before expanding the chronology.", "Add community voices on language and education and evidence of access and outcomes.", "Do not infer present harvesting rules, public access or university admissions from historical descriptions." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "imageRecordId": "lac-courte-oreilles-paddlers-nps-2014" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "lac-courte-oreilles-band-of-lake-superior-chippewa", "regionGroups": [ "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WI", "name": "Wisconsin", "key": "us-wi" } ] }, { "name": "Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Wisconsin, United States — current government listing", "overview": "Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa is a distinct Ojibwe government whose own introduction connects the community to Chief Keeshkemun's arrival in the area in 1745. The Band explains its French name, Lake of the Torches, through nighttime fishing by torchlight. These are locally published accounts of place and identity, not a history of every Ojibwe government. The George W. Brown, Jr. Ojibwe Museum and Cultural Center provides a second starting point. The Band describes owning and operating the museum, which develops exhibits, educational programs and collections rooted in Lac du Flambeau history. The Tribal Historic Preservation Office adds a different institutional role through cultural-resource records, education and review work. Its page locates the office in the Mikwendaagoziwag Heritage Center, the former boys' dormitory pictured here. The photograph records a surviving government boarding-school building, rather than a traditional dwelling. Together, these sources introduce naming, public history and preservation; they leave the boarding school's full history, community experiences and the interpretation of museum collections for further research.", "relationshipNote": "The state roster identifies this named Tribal Nation separately. It does not establish the full history or relationships of every broader reading label.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Public history in a community museum", "text": "The Band identifies the George W. Brown, Jr. museum as its own institution, rooted in local collections and designed for exhibits and education. Individual displayed objects still require their own provenance and interpretation.", "sourceIds": [ "c4-ldf-museum" ] }, { "title": "A building with a different history", "text": "The preservation office identifies the former boys' dormitory as the Mikwendaagoziwag Heritage Center. The photograph is a view of that boarding-school remnant; the selected pages do not provide a full account of the children, families or school policies involved.", "sourceIds": [ "c4-ldf-thpo" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c4-ldf-about", "title": "About Lac du Flambeau", "publisher": "Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "url": "https://ldftribe.com/about/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Local history", "Naming", "Place" ], "annotation": "The Band explains its local historical starting point and French place name. The short community introduction is selected; the separate Old Abe narrative is not developed or independently verified.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual About body lines 520–524 read. The page's Old Abe section was observed but excluded. Older /pages/2/about-us URL returns 404; current /about/ body is the selected work.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessLimits": "Public HTML selected body read; linked resources not read unless separately listed." }, { "id": "c4-ldf-museum", "title": "LDF Museum and Cultural Center", "publisher": "Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "url": "https://ldftribe.com/ldf-museum-and-cultural-center/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community museum", "Public history", "Education" ], "annotation": "The Band describes museum ownership, collections and public educational work. The page mixes an Indian Bowl heading with museum content; only explicit museum paragraphs are used, without superlatives or visitor totals.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual museum body lines 520–532 read, selected ownership, purpose and collections at 530–532. Linked Indian Bowl material, object-level provenance and present opening arrangements not assessed.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessLimits": "Public HTML selected body read; linked resources not read unless separately listed." }, { "id": "c4-ldf-thpo", "title": "Tribal Historic Preservation Office", "publisher": "Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "url": "https://ldftribe.com/tribal-operations/tribal-historic-preservation-office/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Historic preservation", "Community institutions", "Photograph context" ], "annotation": "The office describes cultural-resource records and education and identifies its Heritage Center location in the boys' dormitory. A program description is not an interpretation of current law or access permission.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual selected THPO body lines 521–535 read. Used for records, education and the Heritage Center location; current legal requirements, sensitive resources, staff and contact details excluded.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessLimits": "Public HTML selected body read; linked resources not read unless separately listed." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://dcf.wisconsin.gov/tribalaffairs/tribalinformation", "publisher": "Wisconsin Department of Children and Families", "title": "Tribal Information — Federally Recognized Tribes in Wisconsin", "scope": "Named in the complete eleven-government list; identity/name check only.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "chippewa" ], "researchGaps": [ "Deepen the local chronology and name history through community-authored scholarship and primary records.", "Research the boarding school with community-directed accounts and suitable primary records, without inferring experiences from a building photograph.", "Review museum objects individually and verify present program and visitor access separately." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded collection of actual selected source bodies supports a useful starting guide for this named government. It remains incomplete and does not imply community endorsement.", "remainingLimits": [ "Deepen the local chronology and name history through community-authored scholarship and primary records.", "Research the boarding school with community-directed accounts and suitable primary records, without inferring experiences from a building photograph.", "Review museum objects individually and verify present program and visitor access separately." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "c4-ldf-about", "c4-ldf-museum", "c4-ldf-thpo" ], "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-04", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c4-ldf-about", "reason": "The Band explains its local historical starting point and French place name. The short community introduction is selected; the separate Old Abe narrative is not developed or independently verified." }, { "sourceId": "c4-ldf-museum", "reason": "The Band describes museum ownership, collections and public educational work. The page mixes an Indian Bowl heading with museum content; only explicit museum paragraphs are used, without superlatives or visitor totals." }, { "sourceId": "c4-ldf-thpo", "reason": "The office describes cultural-resource records and education and identifies its Heritage Center location in the boys' dormitory. A program description is not an interpretation of current law or access permission." } ], "scopeNote": "Exact named government; broader Ojibwe or Potawatomi histories and related governments remain distinct.", "reviewBasis": "Actual selected bodies read; baseline identification evidence and supporting photograph context are retained separately and do not count as substantive reading.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Deepen the local chronology and name history through community-authored scholarship and primary records.", "Research the boarding school with community-directed accounts and suitable primary records, without inferring experiences from a building photograph.", "Review museum objects individually and verify present program and visitor access separately." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "imageRecordId": "lac-du-flambeau-boys-dormitory-2019" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "lac-du-flambeau-band-of-lake-superior-chippewa", "regionGroups": [ "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WI", "name": "Wisconsin", "key": "us-wi" } ] }, { "name": "Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Michigan", "overview": "The Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians is a distinct government associated with the Watersmeet area and the lake known in its public history as Gete-gitigaani-zaaga'igan. That account places the lake within a network of waterways and trails linking Lake Superior, Lake Michigan and the Wisconsin River. It follows treaties, continued community residence and a campaign for independent federal recognition, culminating in the 1988 recognition act. The narrative distinguishes the Band from Keweenaw Bay Indian Community while acknowledging an earlier administrative relationship; shared historical language is not treated as identical present government. The Band's Historic Preservation Office offers a second perspective, explaining its responsibility toward cultural and historical resources and using the name Getegitigaaning Ojibwe Nation. Together these sources connect place, political continuity and stewardship. Their legal summaries remain attributed to the Band, and detailed treaty provisions, present eligibility, private cultural knowledge and sensitive-site locations are not established or reproduced by this starting guide.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Michigan government. The State entry explicitly gives Lac Vieux Desert Band as a short constitutional reference to this same Band.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "A lake and a network of travel", "text": "The Band's history describes the named lake as a travel and trade hub near watershed divides. The photograph supplies a view of that particular lake from its Wisconsin shore. It is place context connected by the Band's account, not a reservation boundary or proof of ownership at the camera position.", "sourceIds": [ "c3-lvd-history" ] }, { "title": "Distinct government and cultural care", "text": "The history recounts a sustained campaign for separate recognition and identifies the 1988 act. The preservation-office page describes caring for cultural and historical resources. Both are attributed community perspectives; original legislation, later implementation and private cultural knowledge require separate treatment.", "sourceIds": [ "c3-lvd-history", "c3-lvd-thpo" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c3-lvd-history", "title": "LVD Tribal History", "publisher": "Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians", "url": "https://lvd-nsn.gov/Content/LVD-Tribal-History.cfm", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community history", "Waterways", "Recognition history" ], "annotation": "The Band's own historical narrative supplies place and government distinctions. Treaties and the 1988 statute were not independently read; repeated web paragraphs count once and contemporary business, loan and medical-access claims are excluded.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual selected public history lines 29–37 read: named lake and transport relationships, treaty summary, Watersmeet continuity, administrative relationship and 1988 recognition. Later commercial-finance, medical-access and precise trail material not used.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "c3-lvd-thpo", "title": "Tribal Historic Preservation Office", "publisher": "Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians", "url": "https://lvd-nsn.gov/Content/Historic-Preservation-THPO.cfm", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Cultural preservation", "Community stewardship" ], "annotation": "A direct community explanation of cultural-resource stewardship. It provides public institutional context, without reproducing sensitive sites or converting its administrative statements into legal guidance.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual public purpose/history body lines 27–36 read. Synthesis uses office purpose, Getegitigaaning naming and 2003 establishment; legal jurisdiction, permit rules, staff, downloads, maps and site reports not independently investigated.", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/egle/about/tribal-relations", "publisher": "Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy", "scope": "Actual Michigan is home to12federally recognized Tribes list, lines447–470; only names, Michigan location and government kind used. Other page content and linked tribal destinations not reviewed for this pass.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/som/government/branches-of-government/tribal-government", "publisher": "State of Michigan", "scope": "Actual Tribal Governments in Michigan entries, lines147–234; used for exact name variants and only the specifically stated relationships noted in each candidate. No current figures, legal or historical chronology adopted.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [ "Lac Vieux Desert Band" ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Read original treaty and recognition instruments and broader community histories to test detailed chronology.", "Expand language, family, arts and foodways voices beyond institutional accounts.", "Current legal rules and program outcomes remain unverified; sensitive locations and private knowledge are excluded." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A small actual-content collection supports a useful introduction to this named government, with explicit historical, access and interpretation limits. It is not comprehensive research or community endorsement.", "remainingLimits": [ "Read original treaty and recognition instruments and broader community histories to test detailed chronology.", "Expand language, family, arts and foodways voices beyond institutional accounts.", "Current legal rules and program outcomes remain unverified; sensitive locations and private knowledge are excluded." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "c3-lvd-history", "c3-lvd-thpo" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-03", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c3-lvd-history", "reason": "The Band's own historical narrative supplies place and government distinctions. Treaties and the 1988 statute were not independently read; repeated web paragraphs count once and contemporary business, loan and medical-access claims are excluded." }, { "sourceId": "c3-lvd-thpo", "reason": "A direct community explanation of cultural-resource stewardship. It provides public institutional context, without reproducing sensitive sites or converting its administrative statements into legal guidance." } ], "scopeNote": "Named government route; broader people-level names and related governments remain distinct. Source dates, inspection scope and remaining gaps are retained.", "reviewBasis": "Actual selected source bodies read in this review. Prior identification evidence remains separate and does not count as substantive reading.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Read original treaty and recognition instruments and broader community histories to test detailed chronology.", "Expand language, family, arts and foodways voices beyond institutional accounts.", "Current legal rules and program outcomes remain unverified; sensitive locations and private knowledge are excluded." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "imageRecordId": "lac-vieux-desert-markheffron2-2007-preview" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "This reviewed starting guide records selected actual-content sources, their perspectives and access limits. Reused earlier reviews retain their original dates/scopes; images and repeated URLs do not create new historical works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "lac-vieux-desert-band-of-lake-superior-chippewa-indians", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MI", "name": "Michigan", "key": "us-mi" } ] }, { "name": "Lacandón", "region": "Chiapas, Mexico", "kind": "Maya people", "overview": "Hach Winik, often called Lacandón, are a Maya people of the Lacandon forest in Chiapas and the Usumacinta watershed.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Hach Winik, often called Lacandón, are a Maya people of the Lacandon forest in Chiapas and the Usumacinta watershed.", "sourceIds": [ "p178-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "INPI describes colonial attempts at concentration and evangelization, followed by nineteenth-century logging pressures that displaced communities into less accessible areas.", "sourceIds": [ "p178-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The ethnography covers community histories and cultivation, including maize, beans, squash, and diverse garden crops. It complements language and settlement resources.", "sourceIds": [ "p178-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p178-s1", "url": "https://catalogo.inpi.gob.mx/hach-winik-lacandon/", "title": "Pueblo Lacandón / Hach Winik", "publisher": "INPI", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p178-s2", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/lacandones-etnografia/", "title": "Lacandones — Etnografía", "publisher": "INPI", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 202 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 178, "preferredName": "Hach Winik / Lacandón", "added": false, "slug": "lacandon", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "Laguna Pueblo", "region": "New Mexico", "kind": "Pueblo nation", "overview": "Laguna, or Kawaik, is a Keres-speaking Pueblo nation west of Albuquerque, encompassing six villages.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Laguna, or Kawaik, is a Keres-speaking Pueblo nation west of Albuquerque, encompassing six villages.", "sourceIds": [ "p179-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "NPS connects the modern village’s establishment in 1699 with much older Kawaik presence and the upheavals of Spanish colonization and the Pueblo Revolt.", "sourceIds": [ "p179-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The Pueblo’s own history page provides a community counterpart to architectural and mission-focused institutional accounts.", "sourceIds": [ "p179-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p179-s1", "url": "https://home.nps.gov/places/pueblo-of-laguna.htm", "title": "Pueblo of Laguna", "publisher": "National Park Service", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p179-s2", "url": "https://www.lagunapueblo-nsn.gov/history/", "title": "History", "publisher": "Pueblo of Laguna", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 163 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 179, "added": false, "slug": "laguna-pueblo", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] }, { "name": "Lakota", "region": "Northern Great Plains", "kind": "People / related nations", "overview": "Lakota includes distinct oyate and governments; Sicangu Lakota at Rosebud is one particular community within that wider people.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Lakota includes distinct oyate and governments; Sicangu Lakota at Rosebud is one particular community within that wider people.", "sourceIds": [ "p180-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "Rosebud’s history traces westward movements, buffalo hunting, treaty violations, and the leadership of Sinte Gleska, Spotted Tail.", "sourceIds": [ "p180-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The Rosebud government’s public information connects history with contemporary governance and cultural preservation. Other Lakota nations need their own profiles and sources.", "sourceIds": [ "p180-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p180-s1", "url": "https://www.rosebudsiouxtribe-nsn.gov/history-culture", "title": "History & Culture", "publisher": "Rosebud Sioux Tribe", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p180-s2", "url": "https://www.rosebudsiouxtribe-nsn.gov/tribal-government", "title": "Tribal Government", "publisher": "Rosebud Sioux Tribe", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 95, 335 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 180, "relationshipNote": "Lakota, Dakota, and Nakota-related identities are connected but should not be treated as interchangeable.", "added": false, "slug": "lakota", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-SD", "name": "South Dakota", "key": "us-sd" } ] }, { "name": "Las Vegas Tribe of Paiute Indians of the Las Vegas Indian Colony, Nevada", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Nevada", "overview": "Las Vegas Tribe of Paiute Indians of the Las Vegas Indian Colony, Nevada has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "las-vegas-tribe-of-paiute-indians-of-the-las-vegas-indian-colony-nevada", "regionGroups": [ "Great Basin" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NV", "name": "Nevada", "key": "us-nv" } ] }, { "name": "Lassik", "region": "Eel River region, California", "kind": "Historical people / language community", "overview": "Lassik is an Eel River Dene cultural and linguistic name documented in California language archives.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Lassik is an Eel River Dene cultural and linguistic name documented in California language archives.", "sourceIds": [ "p181-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "Berkeley’s Eel River Dene overview places Lassik materials alongside Nongatl, Sinkyone, and Wailaki records, while noting contemporary language reclamation.", "sourceIds": [ "p181-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The California Native American Heritage Commission currently lists no identified Lassik-affiliated tribe in its portal; this is an information gap, not proof of no descendants.", "sourceIds": [ "p181-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p181-s1", "url": "https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/eel-river-athabaskan.html", "title": "Wailaki / Eel River Dene", "publisher": "California Language Archive", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p181-s2", "url": "https://nahc.ca.gov/cp/p24lassik/", "title": "Lassik", "publisher": "California Native American Heritage Commission", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 350, 423 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 181, "added": false, "slug": "lassik", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Lax Kw'alaams", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community-government route", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Lax Kw'alaams has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community route in the BC Assembly directory. Roster inclusion does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or identity with a broader people label. Government details and relationships remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body, selected exact name and administrative-region label at lines 311-313; explicit BC heading at line 11. Previously readable body inspected October 26, 2026 and reused for this bounded name-only pass. No linked history, ethnicity, territory, photographs or map interaction reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "lax-kwalaams", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Laxgalts'ap Village Government", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation village government", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Laxgalts'ap Village Government has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community route in the BC Assembly directory. Roster inclusion does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or identity with a broader people label. Government details and relationships remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body, selected exact name and administrative-region label at lines 315-317; explicit BC heading at line 11. Previously readable body inspected October 26, 2026 and reused for this bounded name-only pass. No linked history, ethnicity, territory, photographs or map interaction reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "laxgaltsap-village-government", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Minnesota", "overview": "The Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe is a distinct Minnesota Ojibwe government. Its Division of Resource Management’s historical and co-management booklet is a substantial first-party starting point, written to explain the Band’s history, self-governance and relationships with other agencies. The reviewed twenty-page overview connects treaty-era changes and land tenure with the Band’s account of resource governance and the Chippewa National Forest.", "relationshipNote": "MnDOT explicitly places this individual Minnesota government under its Ojibwe Tribal Nation grouping. It remains a separate government; the broader Ojibwe directory route is related reading, not a substitute identity.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Treaties, land tenure and historical accounts", "text": "The Band’s overview follows the 1837, 1854, 1855, 1864 and 1867 treaty sequence, then discusses the Nelson Act, allotment and logging. It describes the 1864 consolidation and the later creation of White Earth while Leech Lake lands were retained. Its account also includes the 1898 Sugar Point conflict and explicitly records differing Pillager and military explanations of how the fighting began. This is useful because it keeps historical disagreement visible. The booklet’s chronology and legal interpretations remain attributed to the Band; the underlying treaties, court records and cited archival documents were not independently checked in this reading path.", "sourceIds": [ "p265-s23" ] }, { "title": "Self-governance and resource management", "text": "The overview explains the Reservation Business Committee’s assignment of natural-resource law and planning to the Division of Resource Management. It presents cooperation with the Chippewa National Forest as a government-to-government relationship and describes the 2019 co-management agreement in that setting. These passages connect historical land changes with the Band’s institutional explanation of its work. The larger PDF contains 133 pages, including later presentations and agreement materials, but only the opening historical/current overview was read as a substantive work. Its dated 2019–2020 compilation materials should not be assumed to document every current agreement or program outcome.", "sourceIds": [ "p265-s23" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p265-s23", "title": "Materials Related to the Co-Management of the Chippewa National Forest: The Right to Self-Governance — Historical and Current Overview of the Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe", "author": "Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe, Division of Resource Management", "publisher": "Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe", "url": "https://www.llojibwe.org/drm/ads/co_mgmt_booklet.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led / tribal government", "sourceKind": "Tribal-government historical and co-management booklet", "publicationDate": "Undated compilation; contains a 2019 Memorandum of Understanding and a 2020 briefing presentation", "topics": [ "Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe", "Minnesota treaty history", "Reservation land tenure", "Self-governance", "Chippewa National Forest co-management" ], "annotation": "A first-party Leech Lake Band educational and resource-management account, created to explain historical events, treaties, the Band’s government, and its agency relationships to Band staff and citizens. The historical overview narrates the 1837, 1854, 1855, 1864, and 1867 treaty sequence, later allotment and logging, the 1898 Sugar Point conflict, and the Band’s resource-governance work. Treaty-right and legal conclusions are presented as the Band’s institutional interpretation; the underlying treaty instruments, court opinions, and cited historical records were not independently checked in this source review. The booklet also includes later co-management materials that should be read as dated documents, not assumed to describe every current policy.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete first 20-page “Right to Self-Governance: Historical and Current Overview” (PDF pages 4–23), including its preface, treaty chronology, Nelson Act/allotment and timber discussion, Sugar Point account, present governance and federal/state-agency relationships. The complete PDF has 133 pages; later slide decks, the 2019 MOU, appendices, management letters, implementation guide, and species list were not inspected as separate works. No map or sensitive site information was reused.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.dot.state.mn.us/mntribes/mntribes.html", "publisher": "Minnesota Department of Transportation", "scope": "Actual Tribal Nations in Minnesota page, lines22–74: eleven individually listed governments, explicitly grouped under seven Ojibwe and four Dakota nations. Separate-sovereign-government wording read; linked sheets and tribal destinations were not content-reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 265 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Compare the historical overview with primary treaties, dated court opinions and the cited archival records.", "Inspect the actual 2019 MOU and later implementation materials separately, then check current co-management arrangements.", "Add public community language and everyday-life accounts beyond this institutional resource-management publication." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Adequate initial introduction", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "Useful within the disclosed source and image scopes as a starting profile; no fixed source minimum or comprehensive completion claim.", "remainingLimits": [ "Compare the historical overview with primary treaties, dated court opinions and the cited archival records.", "Inspect the actual 2019 MOU and later implementation materials separately, then check current co-management arrangements.", "Add public community language and everyday-life accounts beyond this institutional resource-management publication." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p265-s23" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Community-specific starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "p265-s23", "copiedFromOriginalId": 265, "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "originalContentReviewScope": "Read the complete first 20-page “Right to Self-Governance: Historical and Current Overview” (PDF pages 4–23), including its preface, treaty chronology, Nelson Act/allotment and timber discussion, Sugar Point account, present governance and federal/state-agency relationships. The complete PDF has 133 pages; later slide decks, the 2019 MOU, appendices, management letters, implementation guide, and species list were not inspected as separate works. No map or sensitive site information was reused.", "sourceObjectUnmodified": true, "newOriginalSourceReviewCount": 0, "accessNote": "Public web page or PDF at the recorded original review; existing review/access dates are retained. This package does not claim a fresh full-source access audit.", "perspective": "Indigenous-led / tribal government", "limits": "Read the complete first 20-page “Right to Self-Governance: Historical and Current Overview” (PDF pages 4–23), including its preface, treaty chronology, Nelson Act/allotment and timber discussion, Sugar Point account, present governance and federal/state-agency relationships. The complete PDF has 133 pages; later slide decks, the 2019 MOU, appendices, management letters, implementation guide, and species list were not inspected as separate works. No map or sensitive site information was reused." } ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-02", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p265-s23", "reason": "Begin with PDF pages 4–23, the complete twenty-page historical/current overview; the remaining compilation is not represented as inspected." } ], "scopeNote": "A community-specific starting profile assembled from selected actual-content sources, retaining their earlier inspection dates and exact scopes. The wider Ojibwe profile is related reading, not a substitute government or a claim of equal coverage.", "reviewRationale": "A few useful community-specific publications provide a bounded point of entry while the explicit remaining questions stay open.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Compare the historical overview with primary treaties, dated court opinions and the cited archival records.", "Inspect the actual 2019 MOU and later implementation materials separately, then check current co-management arrangements.", "Add public community language and everyday-life accounts beyond this institutional resource-management publication." ], "imageRecordId": "leech-lake-government-building", "reviewBasis": "Source selection and synthesis checked against existing actual-content source records and retained research notes. Only the listed records are reused. New photograph identification, item rights and complete delivered image frames were inspected on 2026-10-27. No fresh full-source review or exhaustive completion is claimed.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false }, "evidenceNotes": [ "A community-specific starting guide reuses selected earlier actual-content reviews with their original dates/scopes. It does not add new global works merely because a URL appears on this route. Picture identification/rights are separate from historical adequacy or community endorsement." ], "slug": "leech-lake-band-of-ojibwe", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MN", "name": "Minnesota", "key": "us-mn" } ] }, { "name": "Lenape", "region": "Delaware Valley / displaced and continuing communities in Oklahoma, Ontario and elsewhere; scoped Texas history", "kind": "People", "overview": "Lenape histories connect an eastern homeland with distinct present communities and different displacement routes. This reading foundation includes community accounts, a primary treaty, language education and critical scholarship. Its Texas coverage is introductory and specifically scoped.", "sections": [ { "title": "Names and distinct present communities", "text": "Lenape is broader than any one government. Delaware Nation’s history distinguishes its Anadarko community from Delaware Tribe of Indians and other Lenape governments. Similar names do not make these institutions interchangeable.", "sourceIds": [ "p182-s2" ] }, { "title": "An eastern homeland and overlapping reading labels", "text": "The Tribe’s introduction locates Lenape history in the Delaware Valley. This people-level route overlaps the preserved Delaware (Lenape) entry; both labels remain available. Individual governments and language communities need their own specifically supported identities.", "sourceIds": [ "p182-s1", "p182-s2" ] }, { "title": "Reading the Walking Purchase critically", "text": "Jennings examines the 1737 Walking Purchase through land papers and competing testimony. He argues that proprietary manipulation affected both dispossession and the records used to describe it. Read this as an attributed historical argument: the original manuscripts have not been independently checked here.", "sourceIds": [ "p182-jennings-walking-purchase" ] }, { "title": "What the 1778 treaty actually says", "text": "The Fort Pitt treaty addresses peace, military passage, trade and territorial guarantees. Article VI proposes a state headed by the Delaware nation with congressional representation, expressly subject to congressional approval. A proposed arrangement is not proof that a state or seat was created. The document’s terms also do not demonstrate their fulfillment.", "sourceIds": [ "p182-fort-pitt-1778" ] }, { "title": "A specifically scoped Texas connection", "text": "Delaware Nation connects its Absentee Delaware history with movement toward Texas and the Brazos reservation. Lipscomb’s Texas reference adds diplomacy, scouting and reserve-removal context. These accounts describe particular groups and stages; they do not place every Lenape community in Texas or establish all present families’ descent. Detailed migration and relocation chronology remains unfinished.", "sourceIds": [ "p182-s2", "p182-support-lipscomb-texas" ] }, { "title": "An Ontario community’s own account", "text": "Eelünaapéewi Lahkéewiit’s Our Story follows a Moravian-connected community through displacement and rebuilding at Fairfield and New Fairfield. This is an Ontario community’s retrospective, distinct from the Oklahoma government also called Delaware Nation. Its wider historical claims and battle interpretation require comparison rather than automatic adoption.", "sourceIds": [ "p182-moraviantown-story" ] }, { "title": "Learning through the Talking Dictionary", "text": "The Lenape Talking Dictionary identifies its main language scope as Southern Unami. Its introductory lesson explains spelling and everyday greetings, while documentation identifies speakers and other contributors. Selected entry text was read; audio playback was not tested. This resource does not stand for every Lenape language variety, and recordings retain their individual provenance.", "sourceIds": [ "p182-talking-dictionary" ] }, { "title": "Language programs in a dated account", "text": "Writing in 2002, Rementer and Pearson describe several generations of Oklahoma language classes, learning materials and the early dictionary project. Their different community relationships are explicit. The paper is useful program history, not a current speaker census or proof of learning outcomes. Language loss must not be read as disappearance of a people.", "sourceIds": [ "p182-rementer-pearson-2002" ] }, { "title": "Reading path and remaining work", "text": "Start with community accounts, compare the treaty’s actual terms, and use the language resources within their stated scope. Jennings provides a focused example of archival criticism. This is a reviewed first reading foundation. Texas primary records, broader community perspectives and later histories still need substantial work; no completion or community endorsement is claimed.", "sourceIds": [ "p182-s2", "p182-moraviantown-story", "p182-fort-pitt-1778", "p182-talking-dictionary", "p182-rementer-pearson-2002", "p182-jennings-walking-purchase" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p182-s1", "url": "https://delawaretribe.org/cultural-education/culture-and-language/lenape-history/", "title": "Lenape History — official reading index", "publisher": "Delaware Tribe of Indians", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Preserved official introduction and linked-reading route. The index is not a substantive historical publication.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Actual public HTML introduction and complete linked-publication list, obtained through a normal HTTP 200 download after web-tool timeouts.", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Brief introduction and index only. Linked publications count only when separately inspected.", "accessStatus": "Public HTML; normal direct retrieval succeeded", "perspective": "Delaware Tribe of Indians institutional reading selection" }, { "id": "p182-s2", "url": "https://www.delawarenation-nsn.gov/history/", "title": "History — Delaware Nation institutional account", "publisher": "Delaware Nation", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Substantial community-published history, especially useful for its separately scoped Texas account. Read institutional interpretation alongside original documents.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete main historical body, headings and references, lines 29–118. Origin narratives encountered but not retold.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One connected explanatory community publication, not one count per heading.", "perspective": "Delaware Nation, Anadarko, Oklahoma; institutional retrospective, undated.", "accessStatus": "Public readable English HTML", "accessNotes": "Conditional 1778 wording checked against treaty. Around-1873 arrival claim and current legal-policy assertions are not adopted. Referenced books and original records remain unread.", "rightsNotes": "No rehosting, cultural narrative reproduction or broad reuse license inferred." }, { "id": "p182-talking-dictionary", "title": "Lenape Talking Dictionary — selected project documentation, lexical entry and introductory lesson", "url": "https://www.talk-lenape.org/", "publisher": "Lenape Language Project / Delaware Tribe of Indians", "type": "Indigenous-led / language reference and educational resource", "annotation": "A substantial Southern Unami reference and learning resource. Project documentation identifies contributors; selected lexical and lesson text was actually read. Counted once.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "About Us full main text; Getting Started; entry 3901; Lesson 1 spelling and greetings, lines 17–179. No audio playback or story/song inspection claimed.", "perspective": "Community-directed project with named speakers, language workers and scholarly collaborators.", "accessStatus": "Public readable English HTML", "language": "en", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "rightsNotes": "Link and brief paraphrase only; no reproduction permission inferred.", "topics": [ "Language", "Education", "Southern Unami", "Named contributors" ], "accessNotes": "The project identifies some recordings as Rementer pronunciations where first-language recordings are absent. Do not imply every sound file has the same provenance or that this covers all Lenape varieties.", "inspectedResources": [ { "title": "About Us", "url": "https://talk-lenape.org/about-us" }, { "title": "Getting Started", "url": "https://www.talk-lenape.org/getting-started" }, { "title": "Selected lexical entry", "url": "https://talk-lenape.org/detail?id=3901" }, { "title": "Lesson 1: spelling and greetings", "url": "https://www.talk-lenape.org/lessons?id=4" } ] }, { "id": "p182-rementer-pearson-2002", "title": "Near the Edge: Language Revival from the Brink of Extinction — selected Delaware sections", "url": "https://delawaretribe.org/wp-content/uploads/NEAR_THE_EDGE.pdf", "publisher": "Delaware Tribe of Indians, hosting an authored paper", "type": "Community language worker / scholarly analysis", "annotation": "James Rementer and Bruce L. Pearson describe their positions, language classes and preservation work. This analytical history is distinct from the dictionary itself.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 11-page PDF text: title, introduction and Delaware sections 2a–2c, PDF pp. 1–4, ending before section 3. Later language-community sections not reviewed for synthesis.", "perspective": "Rementer identifies a long community relationship; Pearson describes an outsider fieldwork position.", "accessStatus": "Public English PDF with extractable text", "language": "en", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "rightsNotes": "Link and brief paraphrase only; no reproduction permission inferred.", "author": "James Rementer and Bruce L. Pearson", "date": "2002", "dateBasis": "Text explicitly states that the article was written in 2002; not an inferred upload date.", "citation": "Rementer, James, and Bruce L. Pearson. Near the Edge: Language Revival from the Brink of Extinction. 2002. Selected Delaware sections 2a–2c, PDF pp. 1–4.", "topics": [ "Language", "Education", "Historical language programs" ], "accessNotes": "Dated speaker/population estimates are omitted. Ceremonial descriptions, family generalizations and later sections are not carried into the draft." }, { "id": "p182-fort-pitt-1778", "title": "Treaty with the Delawares, 1778 — Articles I–VI", "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-delawares-1778-0003", "publisher": "Oklahoma State University Libraries, Tribal Treaties Database", "type": "Primary historical treaty / edited transcription", "annotation": "Read the actual treaty terms rather than a modern summary. Article VI contains a proposal conditional on congressional approval; the text does not establish that it happened.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete preamble, Articles I–VI, date and signatories, HTML lines 25–98. Manuscript scans and negotiations not inspected.", "perspective": "Diplomatic instrument in an English transcription; promises and stated terms are not implementation evidence.", "accessStatus": "Public readable English HTML", "language": "en", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "rightsNotes": "Link and brief paraphrase only; no reproduction permission inferred.", "date": "1778-09-17", "citation": "Treaty with the Delawares, September 17, 1778, 7 Stat. 13, Articles I–VI. OSU identifier RIT_008.", "topics": [ "Diplomacy", "Primary sources", "Treaties" ], "accessNotes": "Includes historically coercive and discriminatory language. No present legal interpretation, fulfilled-promises claim or automatic equation with one current government." }, { "id": "p182-moraviantown-story", "title": "Our Story — Eelünaapéewi Lahkéewiit / Delaware Nation at Moraviantown", "url": "https://delawarenation.on.ca/about/", "publisher": "Eelünaapéewi Lahkéewiit / Delaware Nation at Moraviantown", "type": "Indigenous-led / community historical account", "annotation": "A substantive local account of displacement and rebuilding, useful for distinguishing this Ontario community from similarly named Oklahoma institutions.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete Our Story body, HTML lines 27–47. Linked institutions, original land instruments and underlying historical records were not inspected.", "perspective": "Undated community retrospective; claims require source comparison.", "accessStatus": "Public readable English HTML", "language": "en", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "rightsNotes": "Link and brief paraphrase only; no reproduction permission inferred.", "topics": [ "Ontario", "Community history", "Displacement", "Continuity" ], "accessNotes": "No population or land-claim figures adopted. The universal first-treaty assertion and the page’s characterization of the 1813 battle outcome are excluded pending comparison." }, { "id": "p182-jennings-walking-purchase", "title": "The Scandalous Indian Policy of William Penn’s Sons: Deeds and Documents of the Walking Purchase", "url": "https://delawaretribe.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Walking_Purchase_Jennings.pdf", "publisher": "Pennsylvania History; facsimile hosted by Delaware Tribe of Indians", "type": "Scholarly historical analysis / selected pages", "annotation": "Francis Jennings tests competing accounts against deeds and official papers. His argument makes the construction of colonial records part of the historical question.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 21-page facsimile text: printed pp. 19–24 and 32–39 (PDF pp. 1–6 and 14–21); intervening returned passages encountered, not a full systematic review.", "perspective": "Non-Lenape historian’s critical archival interpretation; cited manuscripts not independently inspected.", "accessStatus": "Public English scanned PDF; OCR text available", "language": "en", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "rightsNotes": "Link and brief paraphrase only; no reproduction permission inferred.", "author": "Francis Jennings", "date": "1970", "citation": "Jennings, Francis. Pennsylvania History 37, no. 1 (1970): 19–39. Selected pp. 19–24, 32–39.", "dateBasis": "Journal citation corroborated in an actual public Penn State journal footnote; upload path is not publication date.", "topics": [ "Colonial history", "Land dispossession", "Source criticism" ], "accessNotes": "OCR contains errors. No mapped boundaries, precise acreage, complete archival verification or present title determination claimed.", "bibliographicVerification": { "url": "https://journals.psu.edu/phj/article/download/59599/59323/0", "scope": "Actual returned footnote35 on printed p.37 identifies Jennings, Pennsylvania History37(1),1970:19–39. Not counted as another substantive work." } }, { "id": "p182-support-lipscomb-texas", "title": "Delaware Indians — selected Texas history, with dated limits", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/delaware-indians", "publisher": "Texas State Historical Association, Handbook of Texas", "type": "Scholarly reference / supporting regional orientation", "annotation": "Carol A. Lipscomb’s Texas overview identifies useful diplomacy and removal topics. Its obsolete current-government and disappearance claims are excluded; underlying records remain unread.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete main article and bibliography, lines 6–33; Texas narrative especially lines 17–27. Citation/date display inspected.", "perspective": "Outside historical reference; critical regional orientation rather than a sufficient community history.", "accessStatus": "Public readable English HTML", "language": "en", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "rightsNotes": "Link and brief paraphrase only; no reproduction permission inferred.", "author": "Carol A. Lipscomb, Ph.D.", "topics": [ "Texas", "Diplomacy", "Removal" ], "accessNotes": "Display shows 1952 and October 21, 2020 without recovered labels; exact date functions not asserted. Its 1859 reserve-removal chronology is not collapsed with another account’s around-1873 allotment narrative.", "countReason": "Supporting only because broad and current-status problems reduce reliability; not used to pad the substantive target." } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 97, 231 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 182, "relationshipNote": "The original Delaware (Lenape) entry and this entry substantially overlap; keep both search labels while connecting them. Lenape people-level history, specific current governments and language varieties are not interchangeable. Preserve Munsee and community-specific routes without inferred identity or descent.", "overviewSourceIds": [ "p182-s1", "p182-s2", "p182-fort-pitt-1778", "p182-talking-dictionary", "p182-rementer-pearson-2002", "p182-jennings-walking-purchase", "p182-moraviantown-story" ], "coverageLevel": "reviewed-source-guide", "researchComplete": false, "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "rationale": "Six actual-content works provide a varied first reading foundation, with two supporting/index cards excluded. Quantity does not resolve uneven regional coverage, source disagreements, incomplete Texas primary evidence, language breadth or later histories. No automatic adequacy, completion or community review is claimed.", "remainingLimits": [ "Texas migration, diplomacy, family histories and removal need directly inspected original records and fuller community-authored scholarship. An encyclopedia account is not a completed Texas foundation.", "The 1859 Brazos-reserve relocation and an around-1873 Wichita-allotment narrative describe potentially different stages or scopes; resolve original records before a single detailed chronology.", "Current governments, homeland communities, citizenship and recognition require individually scoped contemporary evidence. One publisher’s position in identity disputes is not an Atlas-wide adjudication.", "Moraviantown’s battle-outcome description and universal first-treaty assertion are not adopted. Undated population, land figures and legal claims are omitted.", "Munsee and other language varieties, Canadian community histories, women’s histories, later land/government changes and wider Lenape-authored work remain unevenly covered.", "Original archival records, treaty implementation, current legal instruments and books cited by the institutional histories remain unread. The scholarly article is a selected-page inspection.", "No ceremonial narratives, sensitive places, songs, restricted records, current speaker totals or automatic descent/affiliation claims are reproduced.", "No researched-count or adequacy change is proposed for Delaware (Lenape) original97; its original bibliography and reciprocal reading route must remain." ] }, "researchGaps": [ "Texas migration, diplomacy, family histories and removal need directly inspected original records and fuller community-authored scholarship. An encyclopedia account is not a completed Texas foundation.", "The 1859 Brazos-reserve relocation and an around-1873 Wichita-allotment narrative describe potentially different stages or scopes; resolve original records before a single detailed chronology.", "Current governments, homeland communities, citizenship and recognition require individually scoped contemporary evidence. One publisher’s position in identity disputes is not an Atlas-wide adjudication.", "Moraviantown’s battle-outcome description and universal first-treaty assertion are not adopted. Undated population, land figures and legal claims are omitted.", "Munsee and other language varieties, Canadian community histories, women’s histories, later land/government changes and wider Lenape-authored work remain unevenly covered.", "Original archival records, treaty implementation, current legal instruments and books cited by the institutional histories remain unread. The scholarly article is a selected-page inspection.", "No ceremonial narratives, sensitive places, songs, restricted records, current speaker totals or automatic descent/affiliation claims are reproduced.", "No researched-count or adequacy change is proposed for Delaware (Lenape) original97; its original bibliography and reciprocal reading route must remain." ], "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "startingGuide": { "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p182-s2", "reason": "Start with Delaware Nation’s attributed historical account, retaining its own governmental perspective." }, { "sourceId": "p182-talking-dictionary", "reason": "Read the selected language-project documentation, learning method and regional limits." }, { "sourceId": "p182-fort-pitt-1778", "reason": "Compare a complete dated treaty text with later accounts; the original manuscript and implementation remain unreviewed." }, { "sourceId": "p182-jennings-walking-purchase", "reason": "Follow the selected critical scholarship on deeds and source interpretation, without claiming all underlying records were read." } ], "remainingQuestions": [ "Texas migration, diplomacy, family histories and removal need directly inspected original records and fuller community-authored scholarship. An encyclopedia account is not a completed Texas foundation.", "The 1859 Brazos-reserve relocation and an around-1873 Wichita-allotment narrative describe potentially different stages or scopes; resolve original records before a single detailed chronology.", "Current governments, homeland communities, citizenship and recognition require individually scoped contemporary evidence. One publisher’s position in identity disputes is not an Atlas-wide adjudication.", "Moraviantown’s battle-outcome description and universal first-treaty assertion are not adopted. Undated population, land figures and legal claims are omitted.", "Munsee and other language varieties, Canadian community histories, women’s histories, later land/government changes and wider Lenape-authored work remain unevenly covered.", "Original archival records, treaty implementation, current legal instruments and books cited by the institutional histories remain unread. The scholarly article is a selected-page inspection.", "No ceremonial narratives, sensitive places, songs, restricted records, current speaker totals or automatic descent/affiliation claims are reproduced.", "No researched-count or adequacy change is proposed for Delaware (Lenape) original97; its original bibliography and reciprocal reading route must remain." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "scopeNote": "Curation of the existing Lenape collection only. Original overview, sections, source objects, review dates, assessment and Texas gaps remain; overlapping Delaware/Lenape directory labels are not two distinct nations.", "batchId": "starter-guides-05", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "researchComplete": false, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "imageRecordId": "lenape-bodasin-catlin-1830" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "added": false, "slug": "lenape", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Great Plains", "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AR", "name": "Arkansas", "key": "us-ar" }, { "id": "US-CT", "name": "Connecticut", "key": "us-ct" }, { "id": "US-DE", "name": "Delaware", "key": "us-de" }, { "id": "US-IN", "name": "Indiana", "key": "us-in" }, { "id": "US-KS", "name": "Kansas", "key": "us-ks" }, { "id": "US-MD", "name": "Maryland", "key": "us-md" }, { "id": "US-MO", "name": "Missouri", "key": "us-mo" }, { "id": "US-NJ", "name": "New Jersey", "key": "us-nj" }, { "id": "US-NY", "name": "New York", "key": "us-ny" }, { "id": "US-OH", "name": "Ohio", "key": "us-oh" }, { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" }, { "id": "US-PA", "name": "Pennsylvania", "key": "us-pa" }, { "id": "US-TX", "name": "Texas", "key": "us-tx" } ] }, { "name": "Lenca", "region": "Honduras / El Salvador", "kind": "People", "overview": "Lenca communities are rooted in Honduras and El Salvador. COPINH is one Indigenous organization through which Honduran Lenca communities organize.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Lenca communities are rooted in Honduras and El Salvador. COPINH is one Indigenous organization through which Honduran Lenca communities organize.", "sourceIds": [ "p183-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "COPINH dates its founding to 27 March 1993, following community mobilization to defend territory, life, and dignity.", "sourceIds": [ "p183-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "COPINH’s own institutional history gives access to land defense and political priorities; it represents a particular organization rather than every Lenca community.", "sourceIds": [ "p183-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p183-s1", "url": "https://copinh.org/quienes-somos/", "title": "Quiénes Somos", "publisher": "COPINH", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p183-s2", "url": "https://copinh.org/2008/12/que-es-copinh/", "title": "Qué es COPINH", "publisher": "COPINH", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 183, "added": false, "slug": "lenca", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "HN", "name": "Honduras", "key": "hn" } ] }, { "name": "Levelock Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Levelock Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 898; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "levelock-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Lheidli T'enneh First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community-government route", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Lheidli T'enneh First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community route in the BC Assembly directory. Roster inclusion does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or identity with a broader people label. Government details and relationships remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body, selected exact name and administrative-region label at lines 323-325; explicit BC heading at line 11. Previously readable body inspected October 26, 2026 and reused for this bounded name-only pass. No linked history, ethnicity, territory, photographs or map interaction reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "lheidli-tenneh-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Lhoosk'uz Dene Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community-government route", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Lhoosk'uz Dene Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community route in the BC Assembly directory. Roster inclusion does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or identity with a broader people label. Government details and relationships remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body, selected exact name and administrative-region label at lines 327-329; explicit BC heading at line 11. Previously readable body inspected October 26, 2026 and reused for this bounded name-only pass. No linked history, ethnicity, territory, photographs or map interaction reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [ "Kluskus" ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "lhooskuz-dene-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Lhtako Dene Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation / community-government route", "region": "British Columbia", "overview": "Lhtako Dene Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named First Nation/community route in the BC Assembly directory. Roster inclusion does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, territory, exclusive representation or identity with a broader people label. Government details and relationships remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map", "publisher": "British Columbia Assembly of First Nations", "scope": "Actual readable First Nations in BC community-directory body, selected exact name and administrative-region label at lines 331-333; explicit BC heading at line 11. Previously readable body inspected October 26, 2026 and reused for this bounded name-only pass. No linked history, ethnicity, territory, photographs or map interaction reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "lhtako-dene-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Lillooet (St'át'imc)", "region": "Interior British Columbia", "kind": "People / nation", "overview": "St’át’imc territory includes the Fraser Canyon and adjoining interior British Columbia. Lillooet is another name used in older literature.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "St’át’imc territory includes the Fraser Canyon and adjoining interior British Columbia. Lillooet is another name used in older literature.", "sourceIds": [ "p184-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "St’át’imc Government Services frames the people as a nation, with a history and relationship to territory that precede provincial boundaries.", "sourceIds": [ "p184-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The St’át’imc Chiefs Council is described as the political embodiment of nationhood; community governments and their own institutions remain important.", "sourceIds": [ "p184-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p184-s1", "url": "https://statimc.ca/about/about-us/", "title": "Ucwalmicw — People of the Land", "publisher": "St’át’imc Government Services", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p184-s2", "url": "https://statimc.ca/about/statimc-chiefs-council/", "title": "St’át’imc Chiefs Council", "publisher": "St’át’imc Government Services", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 184, "preferredName": "St’át’imc", "added": false, "slug": "lillooet-statimc", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Lime Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Lime Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 899; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "lime-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Lipan Apache", "region": "Texas / northern Mexico / New Mexico", "kind": "Apache people", "overview": "Lipan Apache is a living people whose community histories cross Texas, northern Mexico, and neighboring regions. Lipan Apache accounts and historical scholarship describe multiple bands, settlements, and routes; present-day communities should not be collapsed into one historical movement or equated with every Apache community.", "sections": [ { "title": "A living people and a present-day community", "text": "The Lipan Apache Tribe of Texas describes a united Lipan Apache community today while preserving the names and histories of distinct historical bands. Its account places families in Texas and across the border in northern Mexico and also describes later Lipan participation in the Mescalero Apache community. These records do not make every Lipan family’s history identical or make the Tribe interchangeable with other Apache governments.", "sourceIds": [ "p185-s1", "lp185-community-timeline", "lp185-tsha-handbook", "lp185-mescalero-community-history" ] }, { "title": "Place, movement, and regional history", "text": "The Tribe-hosted homeland essay and its community-contributed timeline describe relationships with the upper Brazos, Colorado, Concho, San Antonio, Rio Grande and northern Mexican communities across different periods. Brandon Seale’s Handbook of Texas account offers a broader scholarly narrative. Anthony K. Webster’s linguistic study examines place names in Augustina Zuazua’s 1938 narrative to Harry Hoijer; the article gives different totals in its main text and notes, leaves some locations unidentified, and cautions against broad conclusions from this small sample. These accounts offer historically situated evidence, not a surveyed boundary or proof that all places were occupied at the same time.", "sourceIds": [ "lp185-homeland-article", "lp185-community-timeline", "lp185-tsha-handbook", "lp185-webster-placenames-2007" ] }, { "title": "Diplomacy across Spanish, Mexican, and Texas governments", "text": "Community-authored histories discuss Lipan diplomacy with Mexican and Republic of Texas authorities, including the Bustamante agreement and the 1838 Treaty of Live Oak Point. The Tribe-reproduced 1846 Council Springs treaty is a multination U.S. instrument that names Lipan alongside other Native parties; its articles address U.S.-directed trade regulation, prisoners, legal arrangements, and other terms. The Indigenous Digital Archive/National Archives catalogue gives a March 8, 1847 ratification date, though its normalized named-nations field omits Lipan. This record does not establish implementation or a single Lipan response. The 1838 and 1844 treaty scans remain unread, so their terms are not independently summarized here.", "sourceIds": [ "lp185-mexico-article", "lp185-republic-article", "lp185-tsha-handbook", "lp185-live-oak-treaty-lead", "lp185-tehuacana-treaty-lead", "lp185-council-springs-treaty-1846", "lp185-council-springs-treaty-catalogue" ] }, { "title": "Displacement, borderlands, and community continuity", "text": "The Tribe-hosted account of nineteenth-century campaigns describes Lipan communities in Coahuila and cross-border military attacks; its language and interpretation are attributed to the author. The TSHA entry supplies a related scholarly synthesis and describes later Lipan communities in Texas and northern Mexico. Neither sparse government records nor movement into Mexico or another Apache community establish that Lipan people disappeared.", "sourceIds": [ "lp185-war-article", "lp185-tsha-handbook", "lp185-community-timeline" ] }, { "title": "Different paths during the reservation era", "text": "The Tribe-hosted reservation-era essay describes different Lipan groups moving to Mescalero, Tonkawa, Mexican, and Texas communities. The Mescalero Apache Tribe’s own history says Lipan survivors joined its community in about 1903; the Lipan Tribe-hosted essay dates one group’s joining to 1904. These accounts concern related but not necessarily identical events, and the one-year difference remains unresolved. A 2021 Fort Davis National Historic Site page says Lipan had no longer a “discernible presence” in their homeland after some families joined Mescalero. Later community and scholarly accounts document continuing Lipan communities and institutions, so the NPS phrase is not used here as evidence that Lipan people disappeared. Its stated 1936 Mescalero incorporation date also differs from the Mescalero Tribe’s 1934 date. A 1876 federal compilation adds a separate Fort Griffin strand: officials reported that a small Lipan group moved there from Fort Sill in 1874, and the 1875 Interior Department commissioner described intermarriage with Tonkawa people and considered several possible relocation arrangements. This is administrative correspondence, not a Lipan account; it does not show that the proposed consolidation or removal occurred and cannot stand for all Lipan groups.", "sourceIds": [ "lp185-reservation-article", "lp185-mescalero-community-history", "p185-s2", "lp185-tsha-handbook", "p185-s1", "lp185-fort-griffin-correspondence-1876" ] }, { "title": "Present-day institutions and public historical work", "text": "The Lipan Apache Tribe of Texas describes its Tribal Council and unified community, and it documents a 2021 transfer of a Presidio cemetery to the Tribe and a later collaboration around site protection and interpretation. A 2026 congressional bill proposing federal recognition was introduced and referred to committee; that proposed legislation is not an enacted law. This page makes no current population claim and does not substitute for the Tribe’s own legal or membership information. A 2024 local report follows the completion of a Presidio cemetery protection project, documenting participation by descendants and Lipan Apache Tribe of Texas leadership. It describes a historical-marker text drafted by an enrolled member in collaboration with the Texas Historical Commission and public historical interpretation developed for the site. These interviews document one dated local project and its participants, not all Lipan communities or a comprehensive account of Lipan history.", "sourceIds": [ "p185-s1", "lp185-cemetery-project-2023", "lp185-govinfo-hr10435-lead", "lp185-presidio-cemetery-report-2024" ] }, { "title": "Lipan people at Fort Griffin in federal records, 1874–1876", "text": "An eight-page 1876 congressional document reproduces federal and military correspondence about Lipan people at Fort Griffin alongside Tonkawa people. Officials report authorizing a small Lipan group to move from Fort Sill in 1874, ending regular ration issues in 1875, and seeking help for both communities. An Interior Department letter describes the Lipans as related to Tonkawa people by intermarriage and considers possible destinations, including Mescalero or Hot Springs agencies. This is a colonial administrative record: its labels, descriptions, and policy proposals reflect federal officials. It does not establish a general Lipan-Tonkawa political merger, prove any proposed move occurred, or represent every Lipan community.", "sourceIds": [ "lp185-fort-griffin-correspondence-1876" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p185-s1", "url": "https://www.lipanapachetribe.gov/LAT/aboutus.html", "title": "About Us — Who We Are", "publisher": "Lipan Apache Tribe", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "The complete visible “Who We Are” page was read, including its discussion of historical bands, present-day community and government, 2009 and 2019 Texas resolutions, and the 2021 cemetery transfer. Its undated registered-population figure was not repeated as current fact.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22" }, { "id": "p185-s2", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/foda/learn/historyculture/lipan-apache.htm", "title": "Lipan Apache", "publisher": "National Park Service", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "The complete Fort Davis National Historic Site page, last updated October 30, 2021, was read. It includes historical estimates and the phrase that Lipan no longer had a “discernible presence” in their homeland; this is attributed to the dated NPS page and is not carried forward as evidence that Lipan people disappeared. The page’s 1936 incorporation date also differs from the Mescalero Tribe’s own account of 1934 reorganization.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22" }, { "id": "lp185-community-timeline", "url": "https://www.lipanapachetribe.gov/LAT/timeline.html", "title": "Timeline of the Lipan Apache Tribe, 17th–21st centuries", "publisher": "Lipan Apache Tribe", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "History", "Communities", "Texas", "Northern Mexico", "Treaties" ], "annotation": "A community-published timeline credited to N. McGown Minor, H. R. Walking Woman, and D. Pompa. It offers dated entries from early colonial history through the Tribe’s 2021 cemetery transfer. Read as the contributors’ synthesis, with individual claims and date conflicts checked against other sources where possible.", "contentReviewScope": "The complete visible timeline was read, from its opening early-history entries through the 2021 cemetery transfer. The cited underlying records and the timeline’s many specific dates were not individually checked in this pass; no sensitive ceremonial details are reproduced.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Community-contributed timeline" }, { "id": "lp185-homeland-article", "url": "https://www.lipanapachetribe.gov/LAT/e-house.html", "title": "The Lipan Homeland of Many Houses (kíłááhíí)", "publisher": "Lipan Apache Tribe; article by Nancy McGown Minor", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Homeland", "History", "Texas", "Northern Mexico" ], "annotation": "A Tribe-hosted historical account describing movement and place relationships across Texas and adjacent northern Mexico. It is attributed to Nancy McGown Minor and is presented as that authored account rather than a surveyed boundary or exhaustive territorial map.", "contentReviewScope": "The complete article body was read. Its narrative is used with attribution; referenced archival records and its geographic claims were not independently reconstructed into modern boundary lines.", "publicationDate": "January 10, 2009", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Community-hosted historical essay" }, { "id": "lp185-mexico-article", "url": "https://www.lipanapachetribe.gov/LAT/e-mexico.html", "title": "The Lipan Apaches and Mexico", "publisher": "Lipan Apache Tribe; article by Nancy McGown Minor", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "History", "Mexico", "Diplomacy", "Treaties" ], "annotation": "A Tribe-hosted essay covering Lipan relations with Mexican independence-era actors and a treaty attributed to 1822. Its narrative is cited as community-published historical interpretation; the underlying treaty manuscript was not separately examined here.", "contentReviewScope": "The complete visible article text was read. The treaty page it references and the original archival document were not independently inspected.", "publicationDate": "January 10, 2009", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Community-hosted historical essay" }, { "id": "lp185-republic-article", "url": "https://www.lipanapachetribe.gov/LAT/e-texas.html", "title": "The Lipan Apaches and the Republic of Texas", "publisher": "Lipan Apache Tribe; article by Nancy McGown Minor", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "History", "Republic of Texas", "Diplomacy", "Treaties" ], "annotation": "A Tribe-hosted historical essay about Lipan relationships with the Republic of Texas, including the Treaty of Live Oak Point and the later Tehuacana Creek negotiations. The article’s claims are attributed; the linked treaty scans were not read in this pass.", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible article body, including its discussion of 1838–1844 relations, was read. Underlying treaty texts and cited correspondence were not independently inspected.", "publicationDate": "January 10, 2009", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Community-hosted historical essay" }, { "id": "lp185-war-article", "url": "https://www.lipanapachetribe.gov/LAT/e-war.html", "title": "The War to Exterminate the Lipan Apache", "publisher": "Lipan Apache Tribe; article by Nancy McGown Minor", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "History", "Military campaigns", "Texas", "Coahuila" ], "annotation": "A Tribe-hosted account of nineteenth-century cross-border military campaigns and Lipan communities in northern Mexico. Its strong characterization of military policy is the author’s interpretation and is not restated as a neutral government finding.", "contentReviewScope": "The complete visible article body was read, including the 1873 El Remolino attack and later incursions. Cited military records and Mexican archival sources were not independently inspected.", "publicationDate": "January 10, 2009", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Community-hosted historical essay" }, { "id": "lp185-reservation-article", "url": "https://www.lipanapachetribe.gov/LAT/e-reservation.html", "title": "Transition—The Reservation and Assimilation", "publisher": "Lipan Apache Tribe; article by Nancy McGown Minor", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "History", "Displacement", "Mescalero Apache", "Tonkawa" ], "annotation": "A Tribe-hosted essay on several Lipan groups’ different routes during reservation-era displacement, including families joining Mescalero, Tonkawa, and Mexican communities. The narrative does not establish that all Lipan families followed one path.", "contentReviewScope": "The complete visible article body was read. Its account says a group led by Magoosh joined the Mescalero community in 1904; the Mescalero Apache Tribe’s own public history gives 1903 for Lipan survivors arriving. The one-year difference is recorded as unresolved rather than reconciled here.", "publicationDate": "January 10, 2009", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Community-hosted historical essay" }, { "id": "lp185-cemetery-project-2023", "url": "https://www.lipanapachetribe.gov/LAT/g-pcnews6.html", "title": "Mellon Foundation Monuments Project Awards Support for Cementerio del Barrio de los Lipanes", "publisher": "Lipan Apache Tribe of Texas", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Present-day community", "Presidio", "Cemetery stewardship", "Community collaboration" ], "annotation": "A 2023 Tribe-published project account documents collaboration with Big Bend Conservation Alliance, family descendants, and named Lipan Apache researchers on cemetery protection, interpretation, and a regional land-reclamation study. It reports project plans at publication, not present-day completion status.", "contentReviewScope": "The complete article body and named project roles were read. Grant terms, construction completion, the land-reclamation study’s findings, and any culturally restricted cemetery details were not reviewed or reproduced.", "publicationDate": "October 9, 2023", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Community project release" }, { "id": "lp185-tsha-handbook", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/lipan-apache-indians", "title": "Lipan Apache Indians", "publisher": "Handbook of Texas Online / Texas State Historical Association; Brandon Seale", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "History", "Identity", "Texas", "Northern Mexico", "Political continuity" ], "annotation": "A long-form state historical reference with sections on early colonial relations, diplomacy, displacement, diaspora, enclave communities, legal history, and present-day organizations. The article is valuable for its bibliography and chronology, but its claims about continuity, boundaries, peyote history, and present institutions remain the author’s synthesis and should be compared with community records and primary sources.", "contentReviewScope": "The complete main article body, sections and bibliography were read. The bibliography identifies additional work by Lipan Apache scholars and historians, but those cited books and archival records were not inspected in this pass. No population estimate or sensitive religious content is carried into the profile.", "publicationDate": "Updated July–August 2026 (page metadata)", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Edited scholarly state-history reference" }, { "id": "lp185-mescalero-community-history", "url": "https://mescaleroapachetribe.com/our-culture/", "title": "Our Culture — Tribal History and Reservation History", "publisher": "Mescalero Apache Tribe", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Mescalero Apache", "Lipan Apache", "Community history", "New Mexico" ], "annotation": "The Mescalero Apache Tribe’s own account identifies Mescalero, Lipan, and Chiricahua as constituent subtribes and describes Lipan arrivals in the early twentieth century. This is relevant to one historical community connection, not a complete Lipan history or a claim that all Lipan people are Mescalero.", "contentReviewScope": "The page’s relevant history and reservation-history paragraphs were read. It dates Lipan arrivals to about 1903, differing by one year from the Lipan Tribe-hosted reservation essay; this discrepancy remains open.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "sourceKind": "Related community historical reference" }, { "id": "lp185-live-oak-treaty-lead", "url": "https://www.lipanapachetribe.gov/LAT/t-Treaty01-08-1838.html", "title": "Treaty Between Texas and the Lipan Tribe (1838) — document page", "publisher": "Lipan Apache Tribe", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Primary-source lead", "Treaty", "Republic of Texas" ], "annotation": "A Tribe-hosted document route to the 1838 Treaty of Live Oak Point. Retained for further primary-source reading; it does not count as an inspected treaty text in this profile.", "contentReviewScope": "Only the document landing page and title were inspected. The linked scan was not readable through the source-review tool in this pass, so its terms, signatures, manuscript lineage, and later implementation are not summarized.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "sourceKind": "Unread primary-source lead" }, { "id": "lp185-tehuacana-treaty-lead", "url": "https://www.lipanapachetribe.gov/LAT/t-TreatyTehuacanaCreek10-09-1844.html", "title": "Tehuacana Creek Treaty (1844) — document page", "publisher": "Lipan Apache Tribe", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Primary-source lead", "Treaty", "Republic of Texas" ], "annotation": "A Tribe-hosted document route to the 1844 Tehuacana Creek treaty. The treaty is important for following territory, negotiations and political relationships, but the surviving text and later record have not yet been reviewed.", "contentReviewScope": "Only the document landing page and title were inspected. The linked seven-page scan was not readable through the source-review tool in this pass; it is retained as a lead and excluded from the substantive count.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "sourceKind": "Unread primary-source lead" }, { "id": "lp185-cabral-dissertation-lead", "url": "https://scholarworks.utep.edu/open_etd/4637/", "title": "We Are Still Lipan: Identity Erasure, Settler Colonialism, Historical Memory and the Persistence of the Non-Reservation Lipan Apache", "publisher": "Freddy Cabral, University of Texas at El Paso", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Contemporary continuity", "Borderlands", "Oral history", "Community memory" ], "annotation": "A 2026 doctoral dissertation whose repository abstract outlines an argument about non-reservation Lipan continuity and describes archival, oral-history, family-interview and community-memory methods. The abstract represents the author’s thesis, not independently verified chapter-level evidence; the full 230-page work remains a high-priority reading lead.", "contentReviewScope": "Repository metadata and abstract were read. The linked full-text request returned HTTP 403 to the available reader; that response does not establish a reader paywall. No access control was bypassed, the dissertation remains unread, and this lead is excluded from the substantive-source count.", "publicationDate": "May 2026", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "sourceKind": "Uninspected dissertation lead" }, { "id": "lp185-utrgv-thesis-lead", "url": "https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/etd/113/", "title": "Lipan Apache Tribe of Texas: Ethnic and Racial Identity", "publisher": "Ashley S. Leal, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Contemporary identity", "Ethnography", "Community interviews" ], "annotation": "A 2016 master’s thesis whose abstract describes semi-structured interviews with 20 registered members of the Lipan Apache Tribe of Texas. It is an important direct-research lead, but the full text was not available to inspect in this pass.", "contentReviewScope": "Repository metadata and abstract only. The full PDF request returned HTTP 403 to the available reader; this is not evidence of a reader paywall and no access control was bypassed. Excluded from the substantive source count.", "publicationDate": "December 2016", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "sourceKind": "Uninspected thesis lead" }, { "id": "lp185-govinfo-hr10435-lead", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-119hr10435ih/xhtml/BILLS-119hr10435ih.html", "title": "H.R. 10435 — Lipan Apache Tribe of Texas Recognition Act (introduced text)", "publisher": "United States Congress / Government Publishing Office", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Contemporary government", "Federal recognition legislation" ], "annotation": "The introduced September 16, 2026 bill proposes federal recognition and contains legislative findings about the Tribe. Its introduction and committee referral do not make it law; statements in bill findings are attributed to Congress as proposed text and are not treated here as independently established historical findings. Retained as a dated supporting legislative reference, not a substantive historical work.", "contentReviewScope": "The complete introduced bill text and front matter were read, including its proposed recognition and services provisions. It was introduced and referred to the House Committee on Natural Resources on September 16, 2026. This record does not establish later action or enacted status and remains excluded from the substantive research count.", "publicationDate": "September 16, 2026", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "sourceKind": "Introduced bill; not enacted" }, { "id": "lp185-webster-placenames-2007", "url": "https://ans-names.pitt.edu/ans/article/download/1786/1785/3574", "title": "Lipan Apache Placenames of Augustina Zuazua: Some Structural and Discursive Features", "publisher": "Anthony K. Webster, Names: A Journal of Onomastics 55(2)", "type": "Academic / journal article", "topics": [ "Language", "Place names", "History", "Texas", "Northern Mexico" ], "annotation": "A linguistic and ethnohistorical analysis centered on Augustina Zuazua’s 1938 narrative to Harry Hoijer. Webster examines how place names work in that account and cautions that a small sample from one narrator cannot support broad claims about all Lipan Apache naming practices. The article’s abstract and main text refer to 22 names, while a note identifies a twenty-third; several locations remain unidentified. These names are not a surveyed boundary or a statement of present-day territorial extent.", "publicationDate": "June 2007", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "The full 20-page article was read, including its discussion of the 1938 narrative, place-name forms and discourse, comparative analysis, conclusion and notes. The author explicitly limits generalization because the corpus is small and centered on one narrator. Some locations are unidentified; no new boundary geometry is inferred.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Peer-reviewed linguistic/ethnohistorical article" }, { "id": "lp185-council-springs-treaty-1846", "url": "https://www.lipanapache.org/LAT/assets/PDFs/treaties/Treaty05-15-1846.pdf", "title": "Treaty with the Comanche, Ioni, Anadaco, Caddo, Lipan, Longwa, Keechi, Tawakoni, Tonkawa, Wichita, and Waco (Council Springs, 1846)", "publisher": "United States commissioners and named Native parties; treaty text reproduced by the Lipan Apache Tribe", "type": "Primary document", "topics": [ "Treaty", "Diplomacy", "United States", "Texas", "Primary source" ], "annotation": "A multination treaty text that names Lipan among its parties. Its articles describe U.S.-directed trade regulation, prisoner return, law-enforcement arrangements and other terms. Read as a government-recorded instrument and not as proof of implementation, uniform Lipan consent or response, or a boundary. The parallel Indigenous Digital Archive/National Archives record identifies ratification on March 8, 1847; its normalized “Named Native nations” tags omit Lipan despite Lipan appearing in the catalog title and treaty preamble.", "publicationDate": "Concluded May 15, 1846; ratified March 8, 1847 (archival catalogue date)", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "The full six-page treaty text was read, including its preamble, articles, amendments/stricken clauses and signatures page. The Indigenous Digital Archive/National Archives Treaty 246 catalogue record was also inspected for title, date, ratification metadata and named-nation indexing. No claim is made about implementation or the Lipan parties’ interpretation.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Ratified multination treaty text" }, { "id": "lp185-council-springs-treaty-catalogue", "url": "https://digitreaties.org/treaties/treaty/175516187/", "title": "Ratified Indian Treaty 246 — Council Springs, 1846 (catalogue and related archival copies)", "publisher": "Indigenous Digital Archive Treaties Explorer / National Archives partnership", "type": "Archive / government catalogue", "topics": [ "Treaty", "Archival description", "Texas" ], "annotation": "Supporting catalogue record for the multination 1846 treaty, including related National Archives file units and the March 8, 1847 ratification date. Its “Named Native nations” indexing does not list Lipan even though the catalogue title and treaty text do; this is recorded as a catalogue scope/indexing issue, not an inference about the treaty parties. Excluded from the substantive-work count because the treaty itself is counted once.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "The full visible catalogue record and its named-nation/present-day-nation fields were inspected. Related copies are not counted as separate works.", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "sourceKind": "Supporting archival catalogue" }, { "title": "Tonkawa Indians at Fort Griffin, Texas — H. Ex. Doc. 44-102", "author": "U.S. House of Representatives; correspondence by War Department, Interior Department, and Army officers", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office, Congressional Serial Set; digitized by the Law Library of Congress", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/SERIALSET-01689_00_00-020-0102-0000/pdf/SERIALSET-01689_00_00-020-0102-0000.pdf", "type": "Primary government correspondence / Congressional Serial Set document", "publicationDate": "February 1, 1876; compiles correspondence from 1872–1876", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the full searchable text of the eight-page public PDF, including its letters and reports dated 1872–1876. The OCR text was inspected; the page images, handwriting, signatures, and original correspondence files were not independently inspected. The authors write from federal and military administrative positions, not as Tonkawa or Lipan narrators. No reader access restriction was encountered.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Primary government record", "id": "lp185-fort-griffin-correspondence-1876", "topics": [ "Lipan Apache", "Fort Griffin, Texas", "1874–1876", "military service and federal administration", "proposed relocation" ], "annotation": "The congressional document records federal officials’ accounts of a small Lipan group moving from Fort Sill to Fort Griffin in 1874, subsequent ration decisions affecting Tonkawa and Lipan people there, and proposed removal options. The 1875 Interior Department letter reports kinship through intermarriage and discusses a possible consolidation; it is an official’s account and recommendation, not a Lipan-authored history or evidence that the proposal was implemented. It must not be generalized to all Lipan people or treated as proof of incorporation into Mescalero Apache." }, { "id": "lp185-presidio-cemetery-report-2024", "title": "In Presidio, the effort to preserve an Indigenous cemetery is finally complete", "author": "Annie Rosenthal", "publisher": "Marfa Public Radio", "url": "https://www.marfapublicradio.org/news/2024-04-19/in-presidio-the-effort-to-preserve-an-indigenous-cemetery-is-finally-complete", "type": "Reported feature / contemporary community history", "publicationDate": "April 19, 2024", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible article text (approximately six-minute audio story) and captions on October 23, 2026, paragraphs covering the 2024 completion of the Presidio cemetery protection project, local descendant participation, Lipan Apache Tribe of Texas leadership, and the collaboratively drafted historical-marker interpretation. The audio itself was not played and the article photographs were not used. This is local reporting based on attributed interviews, not a comprehensive Tribe-authored history; no access restriction interrupted reading.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Journalistic feature", "topics": [ "Lipan Apache Tribe of Texas", "Presidio, Texas", "community stewardship", "public historical interpretation", "2021–2024" ], "annotation": "Annie Rosenthal reports on the completion of a community-led protection and interpretation project at a Presidio cemetery. Interviewed descendants, an anthropologist, the Lipan Apache Tribe of Texas vice-chairman, local conservation partners, and the project architect describe their different roles. The story reports that a descendant drafted historical-marker text in collaboration with the Texas Historical Commission and that the completed site includes public historical and cultural interpretation. Use it as a dated local case study of contemporary community stewardship, not as a complete account of the Tribe or of Lipan communities generally. The profile summarizes the public-history work and omits sensitive burial details." } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 16, 209 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 185, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p185-s1", "lp185-community-timeline", "lp185-tsha-handbook" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "rationale": "This Texas-focused collection now contains fourteen substantive inspected works, including Tribe-hosted history and treaty records, a full scholarly place-name study, the text of a ratified multination treaty, federal correspondence about a small Lipan group at Fort Griffin, and local reporting on a contemporary Presidio historical-stewardship project. The numerical target is exceeded, but the collection remains unfinished: direct community-source depth and coverage of related Lipan communities remain uneven; treaty implementation and party-specific responses are unverified; two earlier treaty scans and two full theses/dissertations remain unread; and legal and chronology questions remain open. The 1876 federal report describes one group and government proposals, while the 2024 news report documents one local project through attributed interviews; neither should be generalized to all Lipan people. No community review is recorded.", "remainingLimits": [ "The 1838 and 1844 treaty scans linked by the Tribe were not readable in the available reader; do not treat the landing pages as inspected treaty text. The 1846 multination treaty was read, but it does not establish implementation or a uniform Lipan response.", "The 2026 UTEP dissertation and 2016 UTRGV thesis were inspected only through repository abstracts; full texts returned automated HTTP 403 responses and remain unread and uncounted.", "The TSHA article is an outside historical synthesis; its bibliography points to community historians, archival records and scholarship that require separate review.", "The 1903/1904 difference for Lipan arrivals at the Mescalero community and the 1934/1936 reorganization dates need source-level resolution.", "The Texas State Library and Archives map 01413 remains metadata-only; the image was not inspected and no map-to-profile association has been made.", "The Webster place-name article is based primarily on one narrator’s 1938 account, includes some unidentified locations, and should not be used to draw a fixed homeland boundary or generalize beyond its own small sample.", "Current legal status, enrollment, population, language use and relationships among Lipan communities in Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma and northern Mexico require further, carefully scoped research.", "No community review or endorsement has been recorded.", "The 1876 Fort Griffin report is a federal administrative compilation. Its statements concern one Lipan group and federal policy; underlying records, a Lipan-authored interpretation, and whether recommendations were implemented remain unverified.", "The 2024 Marfa Public Radio report is a useful dated local case study, not a comprehensive history written by the Tribe; the audio was not played, and its accounts should remain attributed to the interviewees." ], "searchScope": " On October 23, 2026, read all eight pages of the searchable text of H. Ex. Doc. 44-102 for 1872–1876 correspondence on a small Lipan group at Fort Griffin, ration policy, and relocation proposals; scan images and original correspondence were not inspected. On October 23, 2026, also read the full visible text and captions of the April 19, 2024 Marfa Public Radio report on the Presidio cemetery protection project; audio was not played, photographs were not used, and claims remain attributed to interviewees." }, "researchGaps": [ "The 1838 and 1844 treaty scans linked by the Tribe were not readable in the available reader; do not treat the landing pages as inspected treaty text. The 1846 multination treaty was read, but its implementation and Lipan-specific response remain unverified.", "The 2026 UTEP dissertation and 2016 UTRGV thesis were inspected only through repository abstracts; full texts returned automated HTTP 403 responses and remain unread and uncounted.", "The TSHA article is an outside historical synthesis; its bibliography points to community historians, archival records and scholarship that require separate review.", "The 1903/1904 difference for Lipan arrivals at the Mescalero community and the 1934/1936 reorganization dates need source-level resolution.", "The Texas State Library and Archives map 01413 remains metadata-only; the image was not inspected and no map-to-profile association has been made.", "The Webster place-name article is based primarily on one narrator’s 1938 account and includes unidentified locations; it cannot support a fixed homeland boundary or broad conclusions about all Lipan place-naming practices.", "Current legal status, enrollment, population, language use and relationships among Lipan communities in Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma and northern Mexico require further, carefully scoped research.", "No community review or endorsement has been recorded." ], "evidenceNotes": [ "October 22, 2026 follow-up: the collection now has twelve substantive inspected works (ten previously counted, plus Webster’s 2007 article and the 1846 Council Springs treaty text), seven supporting records excluded from the count, and six cited sections. Reaching the numerical target does not complete the research or establish adequacy/community endorsement.", "Webster’s full article analyzes place names centered on Augustina Zuazua’s 1938 narrative. The article cautions that broad claims cannot be made from its small sample; the abstract/main discussion mention 22 names while a note mentions a twenty-third, and some places are unidentified. The Atlas uses it as attributed linguistic/ethnohistorical interpretation, not as a boundary source.", "The full six-page 1846 Council Springs treaty text was read. It is a multination instrument naming Lipan among other Native parties and was ratified in 1847 according to the Indigenous Digital Archive/National Archives catalogue. The catalogue’s normalized “Named Native nations” field omits Lipan despite its title and the treaty preamble; this indexing discrepancy is preserved. Treaty text is not evidence by itself of implementation, a uniform Lipan response, or a modern homeland boundary.", "The 2026 H.R. 10435 text and UTEP dissertation abstract were rechecked as supporting records only. Proposed legislative findings and a dissertation abstract are attributed positions, not independently corroborated findings; the full dissertation and the UTRGV thesis remain unread after automated HTTP 403 responses.", "The earlier Lipan source review remains valid for its original eight-source addition and other inspection limits. The current initial adequacy is Still unfinished because substantive gaps remain despite reaching twelve inspected works. No historical map was added or assigned." ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-01", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "lp185-community-timeline", "reason": "The credited community timeline offers an accessible dated route through Lipan history and continuing public community work." }, { "sourceId": "lp185-tsha-handbook", "reason": "The extended scholarly reference places diplomacy, displacement, diaspora and present organizations in a wider historical frame." }, { "sourceId": "lp185-webster-placenames-2007", "reason": "This analysis of Augustina Zuazua’s narrative shows how place naming works in one account and explicitly limits wider generalization." }, { "sourceId": "lp185-presidio-cemetery-report-2024", "reason": "Named descendants and collaborators describe a concrete community-led public-history and protection project in this 2024 report." } ], "scopeNote": "Lipan Apache people and distinct contemporary communities span Texas, northern Mexico and neighboring regions; their histories are not one route or synonymous with every Apache community. The timeline and historical synthesis remain authored interpretations, and one narrator’s place names are not a surveyed boundary.", "reviewRationale": "A credited community chronology, substantial historical context, a carefully bounded linguistic study and reported descendant-led stewardship create a useful starting guide without treating inaccessible theses or treaty landing pages as read works.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Lipan/Mescalero arrival and reorganization dates remain inconsistent across accounts; original records and broader community voices still need comparison.", "Full dissertation/thesis texts and the 1838/1844 treaty scans remain unread leads; proposed federal legislation is not enacted status." ], "imageRecordId": "lipan-rider-schott-nps-detail", "reviewBasis": "Review of existing actual-content source records, retained evidence ledgers and image identification/rights records. No new original-source inspection count, fresh image inspection or comprehensive completion is implied.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false }, "added": false, "slug": "lipan-apache", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-TX", "name": "Texas", "key": "us-tx" } ] }, { "name": "Little River Band of Ottawa Indians", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Michigan", "overview": "The Little River Band of Ottawa Indians is an individually named community and government route, distinct from other Ottawa/Odawa governments. Its own public introduction connects it with Grand River Ottawa people and several Michigan river systems. A federal conservation account provides a focused example of the Band’s continuing work with lake sturgeon. Together these give a place to begin, while a fuller community-authored history and broader reading collection remain important gaps.", "relationshipNote": "The State’s entry expressly identifies this government as a political successor to historic Grand River Ottawa bands. The existing Ottawa (Odawa) route is broader related reading, not the same government.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "A named Band within wider Odawa contexts", "text": "Start with the Band’s own identification statement. Shared Grand River Ottawa histories do not make all present governments interchangeable, and river names alone cannot establish membership, jurisdiction or individual descent.", "sourceIds": [ "lrboi-identification-20261027" ] }, { "title": "Reading contemporary conservation", "text": "Zachary Locklear’s Fish and Wildlife Service account names Little River among partners in lake-sturgeon rearing and supplementation in Michigan. It is a useful project perspective, not an independent audit of outcomes or a substitute for the Band’s own longer history.", "sourceIds": [ "mi-sturgeon-partnerships-20261027" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "mi-sturgeon-partnerships-20261027", "title": "Working with Tribal Partners to Achieve Shared Conservation Goals", "publisher": "U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Zachary Locklear", "url": "https://www.fws.gov/story/working-tribal-partners-achieve-shared-conservation-goals", "type": "Government / conservation agency account", "topics": [ "Conservation", "Lake sturgeon", "Tribal partnerships" ], "annotation": "An agency account of named Tribal partnerships, including Little River and Gun Lake sturgeon work. It supplies a conservation perspective rather than an entire community history.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Complete visible article body, lines170–190, read; synthesis uses the named Michigan partnerships at188–189. Linked projects, monitoring datasets and reported outcomes were not independently audited. No current population, legal-rights or programme-success determination.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "lrboi-identification-20261027", "title": "Little River Band — public community identification", "publisher": "Little River Band of Ottawa Indians", "url": "https://www.lrboi-nsn.gov/", "type": "Indigenous-led / community government", "topics": [ "Names", "Community context" ], "annotation": "The official public introduction connects the named Band with Grand River Ottawa and the Manistee, Pere Marquette and Grand River systems. Supporting orientation only.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Only the substantive public community-identification paragraph at117 read for this route; navigation, announcements and member-account content are not source reviews. Linked language site returned520/timeout and was not counted.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Supporting identification or visual/context bridge; excluded from substantive-work and starting-path counts." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/egle/about/tribal-relations", "publisher": "Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy", "scope": "Actual Michigan is home to12federally recognized Tribes list, lines447–470; only names, Michigan location and government kind used. Other page content and linked tribal destinations not reviewed for this pass.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/som/government/branches-of-government/tribal-government", "publisher": "State of Michigan", "scope": "Actual Tribal Governments in Michigan entries, lines147–234; used for exact name variants and only the specifically stated relationships noted in each candidate. No current figures, legal or historical chronology adopted.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 274 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Read a fuller community-authored history and original recognition documents.", "The linked language-program website was unavailable during this review; no lesson/audio or language-outcome check is claimed." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded named-community starting guide, with selected inspected reading and an individually scoped picture. Broader history, original records and community review remain open.", "remainingLimits": [ "Read a fuller community-authored history and original recognition documents.", "The linked language-program website was unavailable during this review; no lesson/audio or language-outcome check is claimed." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "lrboi-identification-20261027", "mi-sturgeon-partnerships-20261027" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-03", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "mi-sturgeon-partnerships-20261027", "reason": "Compare this selected perspective with community accounts and its explicit inspection limits." } ], "scopeNote": "An individually named community/government route; broader people labels and neighboring communities remain related context, not interchangeable identities.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "remainingQuestions": [ "Read a fuller community-authored history and original recognition documents.", "The linked language-program website was unavailable during this review; no lesson/audio or language-outcome check is claimed." ], "imageRecordId": "little-river-maple-research-degabriele" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "This reviewed starting guide records selected actual-content sources, their perspectives and access limits. Reused earlier reviews retain their original dates/scopes; images and repeated URLs do not create new historical works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "little-river-band-of-ottawa-indians", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MI", "name": "Michigan", "key": "us-mi" } ] }, { "name": "Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Montana", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Montana", "overview": "Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Montana has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "little-shell-tribe-of-chippewa-indians-of-montana", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MT", "name": "Montana", "key": "us-mt" } ] }, { "name": "Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Michigan", "overview": "The Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians names itself Waganakising Odawak in a publicly reproduced2005 constitutional preamble. That document describes several local bands within one governmental body. Its community-published land-use history offers a complementary reading path, combining documentary research and elder interviews. These sources help readers distinguish a particular government and its local histories from a broad Odawa label. They do not supply a current legal interpretation or exhaustive history of every named community.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Michigan government. The State entry uses both singular Band in its heading and plural Bands in its body for the same linked government. No broader constituent identity is inferred.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Local names and shared government", "text": "The reproduced preamble names local bands and emphasizes their shared governmental body. Readers can use those names as historical and community reading paths without assuming that every place-name identifies a separate present government.", "sourceIds": [ "ltbb-preamble-nni-20261027" ] }, { "title": "A community land-use project", "text": "Our Land and Culture is a Tribal project with research, elder interviews and youth participation. The earlier selected-page review is retained here with its original date and limits; it does not imply a new full-book reading.", "sourceIds": [ "an14-c3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "an14-c3", "title": "Our Land and Culture: A 200 Year History of Our Land Use", "author": "Wesley L. Andrews, research and writing; Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians community project", "publisher": "Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians", "url": "https://ltbbodawa-nsn.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Our-Land-and-Culture-for-web.pdf", "type": "Community-published historical book with elder interviews", "topics": [ "Odawa identity", "Land use", "Community histories", "Historical change" ], "annotation": "A tribal project combining documents and elder interviews, with youth participation. Its own introduction limits later history to Waganakising bands, including Beaver Islands, and distinguishes shared identity from specific belonging. Selected pages only; neither a full-book review nor current legal interpretation. Historical vocabulary and family records are not replicated.", "publicationDate": "November 2005; cover says compiled and printed then, not the 2021 upload date", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Visually inspected cover, contents, illustrations list, introduction printed 4–6, acknowledgements 7, chapter opening 29, and summary 43–44 (PDF 1–8,33–36,55–56, including intervening illustrations).", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "ltbb-preamble-nni-20261027", "title": "Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians: Preamble Excerpt (2005)", "publisher": "Native Nations Institute, University of Arizona; reproduced Tribal constitutional preamble", "url": "https://nnigovernance.arizona.edu/little-traverse-bay-bands-odawa-indians-preamble-excerpt", "type": "Indigenous-authored primary constitutional excerpt / university-hosted", "topics": [ "Governance", "Names", "Waganakising" ], "annotation": "A publicly reproduced constitutional voice names Waganakising Odawak, related local bands and their shared governmental body. This is a selected2005 excerpt, not a current code or complete constitution review.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Complete displayed PREAMBLE paragraphs, lines15–20, read along with displayed2005 date. Linked constitution, later amendments, territorial/legal implementation and database population fields not reviewed or adopted.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/egle/about/tribal-relations", "publisher": "Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy", "scope": "Actual Michigan is home to12federally recognized Tribes list, lines447–470; only names, Michigan location and government kind used. Other page content and linked tribal destinations not reviewed for this pass.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/som/government/branches-of-government/tribal-government", "publisher": "State of Michigan", "scope": "Actual Tribal Governments in Michigan entries, lines147–234; used for exact name variants and only the specifically stated relationships noted in each candidate. No current figures, legal or historical chronology adopted.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [ "Little Traverse Bay Band of Odawa Indians" ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Read further community-specific chapters and additional named voices.", "Check the complete governing document and later amendments separately before making current legal claims." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded named-community starting guide, with selected inspected reading and an individually scoped picture. Broader history, original records and community review remain open.", "remainingLimits": [ "Read further community-specific chapters and additional named voices.", "Check the complete governing document and later amendments separately before making current legal claims." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "ltbb-preamble-nni-20261027", "an14-c3" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-03", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "an14-c3", "reason": "Compare this selected perspective with community accounts and its explicit inspection limits." }, { "sourceId": "ltbb-preamble-nni-20261027", "reason": "Compare this selected perspective with community accounts and its explicit inspection limits." } ], "scopeNote": "An individually named community/government route; broader people labels and neighboring communities remain related context, not interchangeable identities.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "remainingQuestions": [ "Read further community-specific chapters and additional named voices.", "Check the complete governing document and later amendments separately before making current legal claims." ], "imageRecordId": "ltbb-odawa-casino-construction-abarndweller-2006" }, "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "an14-c3", "origin": { "slug": "anishinaabe" }, "originalSourceObjectPreserved": true, "inspectionBasis": "Exact previously inspected source object, original review date and selected scope retained; not a new global work or full-source rereading." } ], "evidenceNotes": [ "This reviewed starting guide records selected actual-content sources, their perspectives and access limits. Reused earlier reviews retain their original dates/scopes; images and repeated URLs do not create new historical works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "little-traverse-bay-bands-of-odawa-indians", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MI", "name": "Michigan", "key": "us-mi" } ] }, { "name": "Long Lake #58 First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — listing address only", "overview": "Long Lake #58 First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. This is an organizational relationship; membership alone does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, citizenship, jurisdiction or representation of another named community.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page 18 (zero-based 17), Northern Superior member-listing block: exact name and explicit ON address locality only. Parenthetical alternate name retained only where printed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "access": "Public PDF selectable text actually inspected; no account or subscription needed for this inspection", "selectedPages": [ 18 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 17 ], "selectedLines": "1832-1835", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "long-lake-58-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "name": "Lovelock Paiute Tribe of the Lovelock Indian Colony, Nevada", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Nevada", "overview": "Lovelock Paiute Tribe of the Lovelock Indian Colony, Nevada has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "lovelock-paiute-tribe-of-the-lovelock-indian-colony-nevada", "regionGroups": [ "Great Basin" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NV", "name": "Nevada", "key": "us-nv" } ] }, { "name": "Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule Reservation, South Dakota", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "South Dakota", "overview": "Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule Reservation, South Dakota has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "lower-brule-sioux-tribe-of-the-lower-brule-reservation-south-dakota", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-SD", "name": "South Dakota", "key": "us-sd" } ] }, { "name": "Lower Sioux Indian Community", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Minnesota", "overview": "The Lower Sioux Indian Community presents Caŋṡayapi through continuing relationships with the Minnesota River Valley, community history and public education. Its government account and community-produced history booklet connect removal and return with stewardship, sovereignty, language and the public Lower Sioux Agency historic site. This named community remains distinct within wider Dakota relationships.", "relationshipNote": "MnDOT explicitly places this individual Minnesota government under its Dakota Tribal Nation grouping. It remains a separate government; no automatic equivalence to Santee Dakota or another band is inferred.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Caŋṡayapi and community continuity", "text": "The Community's account describes local identity, forced exile and return through its own historical perspective. The booklet says its lineage is primarily Mdewakanton Dakota while also describing Wahpekute relationships and wider Oceti Ṡakowiŋ connections. Those relationships do not make every related people the same government. The selected pages place history in the Minnesota River Valley and connect land with responsibility. Historical acreage, membership totals and broad homeland statements are not current measurements or surveyed boundaries in this guide.", "sourceIds": [ "d95-c1", "p95-s14" ] }, { "title": "A community tells its public history", "text": "The Community's history booklet introduces sovereignty, stewardship, Wacipi and Dakota language alongside the Lower Sioux Agency site. Its public historic-site account says the Community began managing the site in 2007 through a cooperative agreement with the Minnesota Historical Society. The photograph shows a particular surviving agency building, rather than contemporary Community life as a whole. Read the public interpretation and booklet together, then compare detailed treaty and war chronology with underlying records. Visitor arrangements and educational access need a current check before planning a visit.", "sourceIds": [ "d95-c1", "p95-s14" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "d95-c1", "title": "Lower Sioux Indian Community — About Us and public historic-site account", "author": "Lower Sioux Indian Community; institutional account, no individual byline displayed", "publisher": "Lower Sioux Indian Community", "url": "https://lowersioux.com/about-us/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Community government's public identity/history collection, selected two pages", "topics": [ "Mdewakanton Dakota", "Community continuity", "Minnesota River", "Public history" ], "publicationDate": "Undated bodies; 2026 footer and opening hours do not date the historical accounts", "annotation": "The government's own account connects local identity, exile, return and public historical interpretation. Selected companion site history is grouped once. Population figures, casualty estimates, current service availability and blanket treaty/legal conclusions are excluded.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual About Us historical body, lines 59–82; companion Historic Site historical paragraphs 83–86 and public interpretation description 97 read. No video, embedded flipbook or underlying treaty opened from these pages.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Historic Site", "url": "https://lowersioux.com/departments/historic-site/", "scope": "Actual history and tribal-management account; hours, admissions and contacts excluded." } ], "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p95-s14", "url": "https://education.mn.gov/mdeprod/groups/educ/documents/basic/cm9k/mdg1/~edisp/prod085800.pdf", "title": "Ehaŋna k’a Dehan: Past and Present — Caŋṡayapi community history booklet", "publisher": "Lower Sioux Indian Community; hosted by the Minnesota Department of Education", "author": "Lower Sioux Indian Community; includes a statement from Community Council president Robert Larsen; no comprehensive individual byline displayed", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Community-produced public history and education booklet", "topics": [ "Lower Sioux Indian Community", "Caŋṡayapi", "Mdewakanton Dakota history", "homeland and treaties", "sovereignty", "community language education" ], "publicationDate": "Undated; no publication date displayed in the inspected PDF", "annotation": "This 19-page community-produced booklet introduces Caŋṡayapi (Lower Sioux) through community history, relationships to the Minnesota River Valley, stewardship, sovereignty, the Lower Sioux Agency site, Wacipi and Dakota language. It says the Community traces its lineage primarily to Mdewakanton Dakota, and describes Wahpekute relationships and wider Oceti Ṡakowiŋ connections. Community historical and homeland statements are attributed to this publication; they are not independently verified by this review or a boundary determination. Historic acreage and membership figures elsewhere in the booklet are not treated as current measurements.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read selected substantive sections in the publicly accessible 19-page PDF: community introduction and relationship to the land (PDF pp. 2–4); land, stewardship and homeland/treaty history (pp. 6–12); Wacipi and language (pp. 14–16); and the historic-site and resource/back-cover context (pp. 17–19). Reviewed the visible resource list and map captions, but did not extract the map as a separate historical-map record. Other material and linked resources were not claimed as read.", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.dot.state.mn.us/mntribes/mntribes.html", "publisher": "Minnesota Department of Transportation", "scope": "Actual Tribal Nations in Minnesota page, lines22–74: eleven individually listed governments, explicitly grouped under seven Ojibwe and four Dakota nations. Separate-sovereign-government wording read; linked sheets and tribal destinations were not content-reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 95 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Compare detailed treaty and conflict chronology with original records and specialist work.", "Broaden family, artistic and present-day voices beyond this institutional selection.", "Visitor access, current programs and community review are not established by the historical accounts." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A compact source-led introduction to this named community; historical breadth, local voices and outcomes remain limited. No comprehensive completion or community endorsement is claimed.", "remainingLimits": [ "Compare detailed treaty and conflict chronology with original records and specialist work.", "Broaden family, artistic and present-day voices beyond this institutional selection.", "Visitor access, current programs and community review are not established by the historical accounts." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "d95-c1", "p95-s14" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Community-specific starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "d95-c1", "origin": { "originalId": 95, "profile": "Dakota" }, "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "inspectionBasis": "Exact prior source object and review date/scope preserved; no fresh original-source reading is claimed.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "scope": "Actual About Us historical body, lines 59–82; companion Historic Site historical paragraphs 83–86 and public interpretation description 97 read. No video, embedded flipbook or underlying treaty opened from these pages." }, { "sourceId": "p95-s14", "origin": { "originalId": 95, "profile": "Dakota" }, "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "inspectionBasis": "Exact prior source object and review date/scope preserved; no fresh original-source reading is claimed.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "scope": "Read selected substantive sections in the publicly accessible 19-page PDF: community introduction and relationship to the land (PDF pp. 2–4); land, stewardship and homeland/treaty history (pp. 6–12); Wacipi and language (pp. 14–16); and the historic-site and resource/back-cover context (pp. 17–19). Reviewed the visible resource list and map captions, but did not extract the map as a separate historical-map record. Other material and linked resources were not claimed as read." } ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-02", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "d95-c1", "reason": "Hear the named government's account of continuity, exile and return." }, { "sourceId": "p95-s14", "reason": "Read the Community's own illustrated public history and educational introduction." } ], "scopeNote": "Named government/community route; wider Dakota or Ojibwe reading profiles remain related context rather than interchangeable identities.", "reviewBasis": "Reused actual-content source records, preserving original review dates and selected-content limits. Image review is separate.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Compare detailed treaty and conflict chronology with original records and specialist work.", "Broaden family, artistic and present-day voices beyond this institutional selection.", "Visitor access, current programs and community review are not established by the historical accounts." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "imageRecordId": "lower-sioux-agency-mcghiever-2012" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "A community-specific starting guide reuses selected earlier actual-content reviews with their original dates/scopes. It does not add new global works merely because a URL appears on this route. Picture identification/rights are separate from historical adequacy or community endorsement." ], "slug": "lower-sioux-indian-community", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MN", "name": "Minnesota", "key": "us-mn" } ] }, { "name": "Lower Tanana", "region": "Interior Alaska", "kind": "People / language communities", "overview": "Lower Tanana Dene language communities are associated particularly with Minto and Nenana, along the Tanana River below Fairbanks.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Lower Tanana Dene language communities are associated particularly with Minto and Nenana, along the Tanana River below Fairbanks.", "sourceIds": [ "p186-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "The Alaska Native Language Center describes documentation by speakers and researchers and points to dictionaries and recorded stories.", "sourceIds": [ "p186-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "A dedicated language archive offers texts and documentation. Historical speaker estimates on older overview pages should not be treated as current counts.", "sourceIds": [ "p186-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p186-s1", "url": "https://www.uaf.edu/anlc/languages-move/tanana.php", "title": "Languages — Tanana", "publisher": "Alaska Native Language Center", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p186-s2", "url": "https://www.uaf.edu/anla/collections/tanana/", "title": "Guide to the Lower Tanana Language Collection", "publisher": "Alaska Native Language Archive", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 372, 418 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 186, "added": false, "slug": "lower-tanana", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Luiseño", "region": "Southern California", "kind": "People / related bands", "overview": "Luiseño is a mission-derived name for related southern California communities; Pechanga is one of several bands.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Luiseño is a mission-derived name for related southern California communities; Pechanga is one of several bands.", "sourceIds": [ "p187-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "Pechanga’s account connects Temecula Valley homelands, forced eviction from Temeeku, and the later reservation near the spring called Pechanga.", "sourceIds": [ "p187-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The Tribe’s governance and community resources describe continuing sovereignty and cultural life. A broad Luiseño profile should also include other bands’ perspectives.", "sourceIds": [ "p187-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p187-s1", "url": "https://www.pechanga-nsn.gov/community/the-people", "title": "The People", "publisher": "Pechanga Band of Indians", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p187-s2", "url": "https://www.pechanga-nsn.gov/tribal-government/a-fully", "title": "A Fully Functioning Modern Tribal Government", "publisher": "Pechanga Band of Indians", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 187, "added": false, "slug": "luiseno", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Lumbee", "region": "North Carolina", "kind": "People / tribal nation", "overview": "The Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina is a living nation rooted in the region around the Lumber River.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "The Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina is a living nation rooted in the region around the Lumber River.", "sourceIds": [ "p188-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "The Tribe’s own history resources explain cultural continuity and a long struggle for full federal recognition.", "sourceIds": [ "p188-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "BIA reports that recognition enacted in December 2025 was formalized in the federal tribal list in 2026. Older summaries of Lumbee recognition need updating.", "sourceIds": [ "p188-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p188-s1", "url": "https://www.lumbeetribe.com/history-and-culture", "title": "History and Culture", "publisher": "Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p188-s2", "url": "https://www.bia.gov/news/lumbee-tribe-added-official-list-federally-recognized-tribes", "title": "Lumbee Tribe added to official list of federally recognized tribes", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 188, "added": false, "slug": "lumbee", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NC", "name": "North Carolina", "key": "us-nc" } ] }, { "name": "Lummi", "region": "Northwest Washington / southern British Columbia", "kind": "People / tribal nation", "overview": "Lhaq’temish, the Lummi people, are rooted in the northern Puget Sound and neighboring coastal waters.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Lhaq’temish, the Lummi people, are rooted in the northern Puget Sound and neighboring coastal waters.", "sourceIds": [ "p189-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "The Nation describes enduring relationships to fishing, hunting, gathering, and the shores and waters of its homeland.", "sourceIds": [ "p189-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The Lummi Community Plan explains Sche’lang’en, the Lummi way of life, including language, education, values, ceremonies, and responsibilities across generations.", "sourceIds": [ "p189-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p189-s1", "url": "https://www.lummi-nsn.gov/", "title": "Welcome to Lummi Nation", "publisher": "Lummi Indian Business Council", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p189-s2", "url": "https://www.lummi-nsn.gov/userfiles/1034_LummiCommunityPlanFinalDraft20221127-compressed.pdf", "title": "Lummi Nation Community Plan", "publisher": "Lummi Nation", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 189, "added": false, "slug": "lummi", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "name": "Mactun", "region": "Acalan / Campeche, Mexico", "kind": "Historical identity / polity", "overview": "Mactún or amactún appears as a historical self-designation connected with the Chontal Maya polity of Acalán, rather than an established separate contemporary national label.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Mactún or amactún appears as a historical self-designation connected with the Chontal Maya polity of Acalán, rather than an established separate contemporary national label.", "sourceIds": [ "p190-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "UNAM’s study explains mactún uinicob as people of Mactún and Tamactún as the name of the polity, using colonial accounts critically.", "sourceIds": [ "p190-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "Contemporary Yokot’an/Chontal de Tabasco resources offer related regional context, without establishing a simple one-to-one equivalence between historical polity and present community.", "sourceIds": [ "p190-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p190-s1", "url": "https://www.iifilologicas.unam.mx/ebooks/pdfs/tornoconquista2025.pdf", "title": "En torno a la conquista — study of Acalán", "publisher": "UNAM Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p190-s2", "url": "https://catalogo.inpi.gob.mx/yokotan-chontal-de-tabasco/", "title": "Pueblo Chontal de Tabasco / Yokot’an", "publisher": "INPI", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 68, 202 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 190, "relationshipNote": "A qualified historical entry; do not count Mactun automatically as a separate contemporary nation.", "added": false, "slug": "mactun", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "Magnetawan First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — Lake Huron region member listing", "overview": "Magnetawan First Nation’s public lands publications connect care for local wildlife and waters with community learning and food growing. The departmental account and selected pages of its 2022 newsletter offer a grounded starting point without standing for the community’s whole history.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. Membership alone is not treated as proof of Ojibwe, Anishinaabe or other ethnic identity.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Public stewardship work", "text": "Magnetawan’s Lands Department describes monitoring turtles and snakes, surveying road-related wildlife risks and considering wetland and development impacts. Its account explains conservation as continuing work of understanding and caring for local lands and waters. These are published program aims and methods. Detailed field data and later results require separate review, and this guide does not identify sensitive wildlife sites.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-magnetawan-lands" ] }, { "title": "A dated view of learning and food growing", "text": "The 2022 newsletter reflects on the Species at Risk program’s tenth year and the participation of community staff, students and partners. A separate item describes new vegetable gardens and sharing produce with community members, together with hopes to expand the work. Read these as particular activities reported in 2022, rather than proof of present funding, continuing staffing or later outcomes.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-magnetawan-newsletter" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p6-magnetawan-lands", "title": "Department of Lands, Resources, and Environment", "publisher": "Magnetawan First Nation", "url": "https://www.magfn.com/department-of-lands-resources-and-environment/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Stewardship", "Conservation", "Community programs" ], "annotation": "Complete departmental main body read: reptile monitoring, road ecology, wetlands and program aims. A public explanation of work and objectives, not independently verified conservation outcomes. Species locations, sensitive habitat details and precise monitoring data are not reproduced.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Complete Department ofLands,ResourcesandEnvironment mainbody, web lines8–31.", "accessNotes": "Public actual-content body/PDF selected pages were read without a login. Nation’s program goals/methods, not independentlyverified conservation results. Exactspecies/habitatlocations and underlyingdata not used." }, { "id": "p6-magnetawan-newsletter", "title": "Department of Lands, Resources & the Environment: 2022 Newsletter", "publisher": "Magnetawan First Nation", "url": "https://www.magfn.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2022_Lands_Newsletter-FINAL.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community life", "Food growing", "Education", "Stewardship" ], "annotation": "Selected printed pp.2, 7 and 15 (PDF pp.3, 8 and 16) of the 28-page newsletter read: manager’s year review, ten-year milestone and community garden. Dated staff/community reporting, not all pages, underlying datasets or later program outcomes. Newsletter photos are not reproduced.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "2022", "contentReviewScope": "Selected printedpp2,7,15/PDFpp3,8,16 of28, read from ordinarydownloadedPDFandpypdf.", "accessNotes": "Public actual-content body/PDF selected pages were read without a login. Dated2022letter/programmilestone/gardenreport. Notallpages, underlyingfielddata,photos,other publications orlateroutcomes; no sensitive wildlife coordinates reproduced." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page18 (zero-based17): named member entry with Ontario address; parenthetical name retained only where explicit.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections.", "Develop community-authorized historical and language reading beyond these environmental publications.", "Inspect later newsletters and evaluations before describing current conservation or garden outcomes.", "Review family, education, livelihoods and naming histories; Magnetawan First Nation is not interchangeable with the separately named municipality of Magnetawan." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A small, purposefully selected actual-content starting path and specifically scoped credited image are now available. Fuller history, source comparison and community review remain open; quantity does not establish completion.", "remainingLimits": [ "Develop community-authorized historical and language reading beyond these environmental publications.", "Inspect later newsletters and evaluations before describing current conservation or garden outcomes.", "Review family, education, livelihoods and naming histories; Magnetawan First Nation is not interchangeable with the separately named municipality of Magnetawan." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p6-magnetawan-lands", "p6-magnetawan-newsletter" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; fuller history remains open", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-06", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "scopeNote": "A short starting path through selected actual-content works. Read each annotation for the specific community, period and inspection limits; this is not a complete history or community endorsement.", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p6-magnetawan-lands", "reason": "Begin with the First Nation’s explanation of its stewardship program methods and aims." }, { "sourceId": "p6-magnetawan-newsletter", "reason": "Read the selected 2022 reports as a dated account of staff learning, partnerships and community gardening." } ], "imageRecordId": "c06-magnetawan-community-2011" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Cohort06: selected actual-content sources and specifically scoped credited imagery form a bounded starting guide. Reused publications/photos are not new global works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "magnetawan-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "name": "Maidu", "region": "Northern California", "kind": "Related peoples / language grouping", "overview": "Maidu is a broad label covering related northern California peoples and language communities; Konkow and Nisenan need distinct attention.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Maidu is a broad label covering related northern California peoples and language communities; Konkow and Nisenan need distinct attention.", "sourceIds": [ "p191-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "The Maidu Museum in Roseville specifically interprets Nisenan Maidu history, with petroglyphs, bedrock mortars, land stewardship, and contemporary art.", "sourceIds": [ "p191-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The Konkow Valley Band offers a separate community-produced account, helping readers understand why one local story cannot represent all Maidu peoples.", "sourceIds": [ "p191-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p191-s1", "url": "https://www.roseville.ca.gov/maidu_museum_historic_site/index.php", "title": "Maidu Museum & Historic Site", "publisher": "City of Roseville", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p191-s2", "url": "https://www.konkow.us/index.php/history", "title": "History", "publisher": "Konkow Valley Band of Maidu Indians", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 173, 251 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 191, "added": false, "slug": "maidu", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Makah", "region": "Cape Flattery / Neah Bay, Washington", "kind": "People / tribal nation", "overview": "Makah homelands lie around Cape Flattery and Neah Bay, with a strong relationship to the sea and its resources.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Makah homelands lie around Cape Flattery and Neah Bay, with a strong relationship to the sea and its resources.", "sourceIds": [ "p192-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "The Tribe’s history links oral tradition and archaeological evidence, including the Ozette village site, with continuing community life.", "sourceIds": [ "p192-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The International Whaling Commission’s account details the cultural and nutritional importance of whaling and the Treaty of Neah Bay’s reserved rights.", "sourceIds": [ "p192-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p192-s1", "url": "https://makah.com/makah-tribal-info/about-history/", "title": "Makah Tribe History", "publisher": "Makah Tribe", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p192-s2", "url": "https://iwc.int/management-and-conservation/whaling/aboriginal/usa/makah-tribe", "title": "Makah Tribe", "publisher": "International Whaling Commission", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 258 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 192, "added": false, "slug": "makah", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "name": "Maleku", "region": "Northern Costa Rica", "kind": "People", "overview": "Maleku communities in northern Costa Rica include Tonjibe, Margarita, and El Sol.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Maleku communities in northern Costa Rica include Tonjibe, Margarita, and El Sol.", "sourceIds": [ "p193-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "The University of Costa Rica resource describes relationships among housing, land, cultural practice, and pressures from external development.", "sourceIds": [ "p193-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "A 2021 agreement created intercultural dialogue for management of Caño Negro refuge and Tenorio Volcano National Park, illustrating continuing territorial and cultural responsibilities.", "sourceIds": [ "p193-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p193-s1", "url": "https://www.repositorio.iiarte.ucr.ac.cr/handle/123456789/25889", "title": "Cultura Maleku", "publisher": "Universidad de Costa Rica", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p193-s2", "url": "https://presidencia.gobiernocarlosalvarado.cr/comunicados/2021/08/pueblo-maleku-se-integrara-a-gestion-del-refugio-de-cano-negro-y-del-parque-nacional-volcan-tenorio/", "title": "Pueblo Maleku se integrará a gestión de áreas protegidas", "publisher": "Presidencia de Costa Rica", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 193, "added": false, "slug": "maleku", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CR", "name": "Costa Rica", "key": "cr" } ] }, { "name": "Mam", "region": "Guatemala / Chiapas, Mexico", "kind": "Maya people", "overview": "Mam communities live across the Guatemala–Mexico borderlands. Mexican sources also use Mame, while community self-designations vary.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Mam communities live across the Guatemala–Mexico borderlands. Mexican sources also use Mame, while community self-designations vary.", "sourceIds": [ "p194-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "INPI’s ethnography describes winaq qo’ and to qyool among local names and discusses community authority and ceremonial offices.", "sourceIds": [ "p194-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The language atlas distinguishes Mexican Mam varieties and historical settlements. These sources provide a Mexican perspective that needs complementing with Guatemalan Mam voices.", "sourceIds": [ "p194-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p194-s1", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/mames-etnografia/", "title": "Mames — Etnografía", "publisher": "INPI", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p194-s2", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/mames-lengua/", "title": "Mames — Lengua", "publisher": "INPI", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 202 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 194, "added": false, "slug": "mam", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico", "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "Mandan", "region": "Missouri River / North Dakota", "kind": "People", "overview": "Mandan people continue within the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation at Fort Berthold in North Dakota.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Mandan people continue within the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation at Fort Berthold in North Dakota.", "sourceIds": [ "p195-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "MHA’s historical account follows Missouri River villages, trade, epidemics, and relations with neighboring peoples and European visitors.", "sourceIds": [ "p195-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The modern MHA Nation maintains community segments and government institutions. Historic descriptions of population catastrophe must not be read as a claim of present disappearance.", "sourceIds": [ "p195-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p195-s1", "url": "https://www.mhanation.com/history/", "title": "MHA Nation History", "publisher": "Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p195-s2", "url": "https://www.mhanation.com/", "title": "MHA Nation", "publisher": "Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 19, 127 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 195, "added": false, "slug": "mandan", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-ND", "name": "North Dakota", "key": "us-nd" } ] }, { "name": "Manley Hot Springs Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Manley Hot Springs Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 903; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "manley-hot-springs-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Manokotak Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Manokotak Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 905; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "manokotak-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Manzanita Kumeyaay", "region": "San Diego County, California", "kind": "Tribal nation", "overview": "The Manzanita Band of the Kumeyaay Nation is a distinct political community within the wider Kumeyaay world.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "The Manzanita Band of the Kumeyaay Nation is a distinct political community within the wider Kumeyaay world.", "sourceIds": [ "p196-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "Federal documents also use the older legal name Manzanita Band of Diegueño Mission Indians of the Manzanita Reservation.", "sourceIds": [ "p196-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "NCAI’s Indigenous-led directory and the Southern California Tribal Chairmen’s Association identify the present community. A fuller cultural history requires Manzanita-specific public sources.", "sourceIds": [ "p196-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p196-s1", "url": "https://www.ncai.org/tribal-directory/region/pacific-region/letter/m", "title": "Pacific Region — M tribal directory", "publisher": "National Congress of American Indians", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p196-s2", "url": "https://www.intertribalcourt.org/member-tribes", "title": "Member Tribes", "publisher": "Intertribal Court of Southern California", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 176 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 196, "preferredName": "Manzanita Band of the Kumeyaay Nation", "added": false, "slug": "manzanita-kumeyaay", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Maricopa", "region": "Arizona / Colorado and Gila river regions", "kind": "People", "overview": "Piipaash, often called Maricopa, are a distinct people; the Xalychidom Piipaash community lives at Lehi in the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Piipaash, often called Maricopa, are a distinct people; the Xalychidom Piipaash community lives at Lehi in the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community.", "sourceIds": [ "p197-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "The community’s account traces a move upriver in the 1870s and explains relationships with rivers, agriculture, desert plants, and other resources.", "sourceIds": [ "p197-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "SRPMIC explains that O’odham and Piipaash share a political community while maintaining distinct cultural identities and languages.", "sourceIds": [ "p197-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p197-s1", "url": "https://www.srpmic-nsn.gov/about/piipaash/", "title": "Xalychidom Piipaash (Maricopa)", "publisher": "Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p197-s2", "url": "https://srpmic-nsn.gov/about/traditions/", "title": "Traditional Cultures", "publisher": "Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 293 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 197, "preferredName": "Piipaash / Maricopa", "added": false, "slug": "maricopa", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AZ", "name": "Arizona", "key": "us-az" } ] }, { "name": "Mashantucket Pequot", "region": "Connecticut", "kind": "Tribal nation", "overview": "The Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation is a distinct contemporary Pequot government in southeastern Connecticut.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "The Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation is a distinct contemporary Pequot government in southeastern Connecticut.", "sourceIds": [ "p198-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "The Nation’s history follows dispossession, survival, federal recognition, and the recovery of tribal land.", "sourceIds": [ "p198-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The tribally owned Pequot Museum and Research Center presents Pequot histories, cultural continuities, and educational programs through exhibitions and research resources.", "sourceIds": [ "p198-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p198-s1", "url": "https://www.mptn-nsn.gov/history/", "title": "History", "publisher": "Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p198-s2", "url": "https://www.pequotmuseum.org/our-story/", "title": "Our Story", "publisher": "Mashantucket Pequot Museum and Research Center", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 291 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 198, "added": false, "slug": "mashantucket-pequot", "regionGroups": [ "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CT", "name": "Connecticut", "key": "us-ct" } ] }, { "name": "Massachusett", "region": "Eastern Massachusetts", "kind": "People", "overview": "Massachusett communities historically extended along the coast and inland; the Massachusett Tribe at Ponkapoag presents a continuing community perspective.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Massachusett communities historically extended along the coast and inland; the Massachusett Tribe at Ponkapoag presents a continuing community perspective.", "sourceIds": [ "p199-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "The Tribe’s history follows Neponset people, leadership, colonial intrusion, and removal to Ponkapoag.", "sourceIds": [ "p199-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "Its history portal includes tribal life, mission and plantation-era experiences, and an account of continuing Massachusett identity rather than a narrative ending at colonization.", "sourceIds": [ "p199-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p199-s1", "url": "https://massachusetttribe.org/the-history-of-the-neponset", "title": "History of the Neponset Band of the Indigenous Massachusett Tribe", "publisher": "Massachusett Tribe at Ponkapoag", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p199-s2", "url": "https://massachusetttribe.org/our-history", "title": "Our History", "publisher": "Massachusett Tribe at Ponkapoag", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 199, "added": false, "slug": "massachusett", "regionGroups": [ "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MA", "name": "Massachusetts", "key": "us-ma" } ] }, { "name": "Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Potawatomi Indians", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Michigan", "overview": "The Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band, commonly called the Gun Lake Tribe, has its own Potawatomi community history. The Tribe’s heritage account follows movement from the Kalamazoo Valley toward the Bradley settlement and describes continuity through pressures for removal and later recognition efforts. A conservation-agency account adds a narrowly scoped reading route into present relationships with rivers and lake sturgeon. These perspectives introduce this named Band without treating all Potawatomi communities as a single government.", "relationshipNote": "The inspected State directory explicitly associates this government with the historic Three Fires Confederacy. That alliance wording does not establish that every member belongs to all three named peoples.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Kalamazoo Valley and Bradley", "text": "The heritage narrative links the Band’s history to the Kalamazoo Valley and a settlement near Gun Lake. Its treaty and recognition summaries should lead readers toward the underlying records, rather than serve as a current-rights or boundary determination.", "sourceIds": [ "gunlake-heritage-20261027" ] }, { "title": "Continuing work with waterways", "text": "The Fish and Wildlife Service names Gun Lake and Little River among its Michigan lake-sturgeon partners. This records a particular collaboration; it does not establish present population recovery, universal cultural practice or the outcome of every project.", "sourceIds": [ "mi-sturgeon-partnerships-20261027" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "gunlake-heritage-20261027", "title": "Heritage — Gun Lake Tribe History", "publisher": "Gun Lake Tribe / Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi", "url": "https://gunlaketribe-nsn.gov/about/heritage/", "type": "Indigenous-led / community government", "topics": [ "Community history", "Bradley settlement", "Gun Lake" ], "annotation": "The Tribe recounts its Kalamazoo Valley and Bradley-settlement history and recognition process. Its narrative is a starting community perspective; treaty implementation and legal characterizations need separate comparison.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Complete visible history narrative19–32 and historic timeline33–140 read. Synthesis uses Kalamazoo/Bradley continuity and institutional history, not current officeholders, programme outcomes, contested legal descriptions or a full treaty review.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "mi-sturgeon-partnerships-20261027", "title": "Working with Tribal Partners to Achieve Shared Conservation Goals", "publisher": "U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Zachary Locklear", "url": "https://www.fws.gov/story/working-tribal-partners-achieve-shared-conservation-goals", "type": "Government / conservation agency account", "topics": [ "Conservation", "Lake sturgeon", "Tribal partnerships" ], "annotation": "An agency account of named Tribal partnerships, including Little River and Gun Lake sturgeon work. It supplies a conservation perspective rather than an entire community history.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Complete visible article body, lines170–190, read; synthesis uses the named Michigan partnerships at188–189. Linked projects, monitoring datasets and reported outcomes were not independently audited. No current population, legal-rights or programme-success determination.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/egle/about/tribal-relations", "publisher": "Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy", "scope": "Actual Michigan is home to12federally recognized Tribes list, lines447–470; only names, Michigan location and government kind used. Other page content and linked tribal destinations not reviewed for this pass.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/som/government/branches-of-government/tribal-government", "publisher": "State of Michigan", "scope": "Actual Tribal Governments in Michigan entries, lines147–234; used for exact name variants and only the specifically stated relationships noted in each candidate. No current figures, legal or historical chronology adopted.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [ "Gun Lake Tribe", "Match-e-be-nash-she-wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians of Michigan" ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Compare the community narrative with original treaty and acknowledgment records.", "Seek more Tribal-authored conservation accounts and dated project reporting." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded named-community starting guide, with selected inspected reading and an individually scoped picture. Broader history, original records and community review remain open.", "remainingLimits": [ "Compare the community narrative with original treaty and acknowledgment records.", "Seek more Tribal-authored conservation accounts and dated project reporting." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "gunlake-heritage-20261027", "mi-sturgeon-partnerships-20261027" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-03", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "gunlake-heritage-20261027", "reason": "Start with this community-published account." }, { "sourceId": "mi-sturgeon-partnerships-20261027", "reason": "Compare this selected perspective with community accounts and its explicit inspection limits." } ], "scopeNote": "An individually named community/government route; broader people labels and neighboring communities remain related context, not interchangeable identities.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "remainingQuestions": [ "Compare the community narrative with original treaty and acknowledgment records.", "Seek more Tribal-authored conservation accounts and dated project reporting." ], "imageRecordId": "gun-lake-sturgeon-elliot-2022" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "This reviewed starting guide records selected actual-content sources, their perspectives and access limits. Reused earlier reviews retain their original dates/scopes; images and repeated URLs do not create new historical works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "matchebenashshewish-band-of-potawatomi-indians", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MI", "name": "Michigan", "key": "us-mi" } ] }, { "name": "Matlatzinca", "region": "State of Mexico / Michoacán", "kind": "People", "overview": "Matlatzinca is a distinct Oto-Manguean people; San Francisco Oxtotilpan is an important contemporary community.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Matlatzinca is a distinct Oto-Manguean people; San Francisco Oxtotilpan is an important contemporary community.", "sourceIds": [ "p200-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "INPI explains Matlatzinca as a Nahuatl-derived name and Pirinda as a related regional name used for communities within Purépecha territory.", "sourceIds": [ "p200-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The atlas follows Mexica conquest and later social change while also describing contemporary professional and community life.", "sourceIds": [ "p200-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p200-s1", "url": "https://www.gob.mx/inpi/articulos/etnografia-del-pueblo-matlatzinca-del-estado-de-mexico?idiom=es", "title": "Etnografía del pueblo matlatzinca del Estado de México", "publisher": "INPI", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p200-s2", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/matlazincas-etnografia/", "title": "Matlatzincas — Etnografía", "publisher": "INPI", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 294 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 200, "relationshipNote": "Pirinda is related naming; compare regional history before treating the two original labels as unrelated peoples.", "added": false, "slug": "matlatzinca", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "Mattole", "region": "Northwestern California", "kind": "People / living descendants", "overview": "Mattole is an Athabaskan cultural affiliation in northwestern California; California’s tribal atlas identifies the Bear River Band of Rohnerville Rancheria as Mattole-affiliated.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Mattole is an Athabaskan cultural affiliation in northwestern California; California’s tribal atlas identifies the Bear River Band of Rohnerville Rancheria as Mattole-affiliated.", "sourceIds": [ "p201-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "The National Archives guide links the contemporary Bear River Band with Mattole, Eel River, Bear River, and Wiyot histories.", "sourceIds": [ "p201-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The guide provides record pathways and urges consultation with Native communities. Historical language documentation should be connected with present descendant communities.", "sourceIds": [ "p201-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p201-s1", "url": "https://nahc.ca.gov/cp/p27mattole/", "title": "Mattole", "publisher": "California Native American Heritage Commission", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p201-s2", "url": "https://www.archives.gov/files/research/native-americans/communities/california-nevada-nativecommunities-guide.pdf", "title": "Native Communities — California-Nevada", "publisher": "National Archives", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 433 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 201, "added": false, "slug": "mattole", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Maya", "region": "Southern Mexico / Guatemala / Belize / Honduras / El Salvador", "kind": "Umbrella peoples", "overview": "Maya is an umbrella identity encompassing many living peoples, languages, communities, and political histories across Mesoamerica.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Maya is an umbrella identity encompassing many living peoples, languages, communities, and political histories across Mesoamerica.", "sourceIds": [ "p202-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "Smithsonian’s Living Maya Time connects ancient intellectual traditions with present-day Maya voices, rather than treating Maya history as a vanished civilization.", "sourceIds": [ "p202-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "ALMG’s community directory opens routes to specific language communities. Study Itza’, Ixil, Mam, K’iche’, Mopan, and other peoples separately as well.", "sourceIds": [ "p202-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p202-s1", "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/maya", "title": "The Maya — Living Maya Time", "publisher": "National Museum of the American Indian", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p202-s2", "url": "https://almg.org.gt/actividades-2/", "title": "Actividades — Comunidades Lingüísticas", "publisher": "Academia de las Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 146, 148, 149, 156, 169, 194, 229 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 202, "researchLeads": [ { "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/maya", "title": "Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian. The Maya. Living Maya Time.", "suppliedAnnotation": "Institutional overview with contemporary Maya testimony.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Maya_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Maya history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied overview of the many Maya peoples, languages and historical periods. Linked to the broad Maya reading entry; individual Maya communities are not interchangeable. Bibliography descriptions and access statements are supplied by the study and require original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://sites.utexas.edu/ailla/mayan/", "title": "University of Texas at Austin. Mayan. 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University of Arizona, June 3, 2020.", "suppliedAnnotation": "University account of the Aguada Fénix excavations and radiocarbon dating.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Maya_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Maya history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied overview of the many Maya peoples, languages and historical periods. Linked to the broad Maya reading entry; individual Maya communities are not interchangeable. Bibliography descriptions and access statements are supplied by the study and require original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.marc.ucsb.edu/research/maya/ancient-maya-civilization/classic-period", "title": "University of California Santa Barbara, MesoAmerican Research Center. 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Drought Induced Civil Conflict Among the Ancient Maya. 2022.", "suppliedAnnotation": "University of Utah record and research abstract for the Mayapán study.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Maya_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Maya history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied overview of the many Maya peoples, languages and historical periods. Linked to the broad Maya reading entry; individual Maya communities are not interchangeable. Bibliography descriptions and access statements are supplied by the study and require original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://archive.archaeology.org/0507/abstracts/maya.html", "title": "Romey, Kristin M. Watery Tombs. Archaeology 58, no 4, July and August 2005.", "suppliedAnnotation": "Archaeological Institute of America account discussing colonial testimony, Landa and material evidence.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Maya_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Maya history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied overview of the many Maya peoples, languages and historical periods. Linked to the broad Maya reading entry; individual Maya communities are not interchangeable. Bibliography descriptions and access statements are supplied by the study and require original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://wellcomecollection.org/works/n9jhdake", "title": "Jones, Grant D. The Conquest of the Last Maya Kingdom. Stanford University Press, 1998.", "suppliedAnnotation": "Wellcome Collection catalog and book description consulted; this link is not unrestricted full text.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Maya_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Maya history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied overview of the many Maya peoples, languages and historical periods. Linked to the broad Maya reading entry; individual Maya communities are not interchangeable. Bibliography descriptions and access statements are supplied by the study and require original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://utpress.utexas.edu/9780292770782/", "title": "Rugeley, Terry. Yucatán’s Maya Peasantry and the Origins of the Caste War. University of Texas Press, 1996.", "suppliedAnnotation": "Publisher description consulted for the book’s account of the war’s causes; full book not supplied on this page.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Maya_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Maya history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied overview of the many Maya peoples, languages and historical periods. Linked to the broad Maya reading entry; individual Maya communities are not interchangeable. Bibliography descriptions and access statements are supplied by the study and require original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/violence-and-the-caste-war-of-yucatan/caste-war-violence-prospect-and-state-of-the-art/C005749B5E74ED93C002324633CBCFAD", "title": "Gabbert, Wolfgang. Caste War Violence Prospect and State of the Art. Introduction to Violence and the Caste War of Yucatán. Cambridge University Press, 2019.", "suppliedAnnotation": "Scholarly introduction with discussion of the rebellion and independent Maya polities.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Maya_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Maya history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied overview of the many Maya peoples, languages and historical periods. Linked to the broad Maya reading entry; individual Maya communities are not interchangeable. Bibliography descriptions and access statements are supplied by the study and require original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://peaceaccords.nd.edu/implementation/truth-or-reconciliation-mechanism-1999-9", "title": "University of Notre Dame, Kroc Institute. Truth or Reconciliation Mechanism 1999. Peace Accords Matrix.", "suppliedAnnotation": "University summary of the Historical Clarification Commission’s findings.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Maya_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Maya history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied overview of the many Maya peoples, languages and historical periods. Linked to the broad Maya reading entry; individual Maya communities are not interchangeable. Bibliography descriptions and access statements are supplied by the study and require original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://cja.org/where-we-work/guatemala/", "title": "Center for Justice and Accountability. 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Rigoberta Menchú Tum.", "suppliedAnnotation": "Biographical account and an interview with Menchú.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Maya_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Maya history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied overview of the many Maya peoples, languages and historical periods. Linked to the broad Maya reading entry; individual Maya communities are not interchangeable. Bibliography descriptions and access statements are supplied by the study and require original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://ccj.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2015-CCJ-15AJ.pdf", "title": "Caribbean Court of Justice. Maya Leaders Alliance and Others v Attorney General of Belize. 2015 CCJ 15 AJ, October 30, 2015.", "suppliedAnnotation": "Primary judicial record, including the April 22 consent order. 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Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies.", "suppliedAnnotation": "Introduction and access to guides on writing, numbers and calendars.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Maya_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Maya history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied overview of the many Maya peoples, languages and historical periods. Linked to the broad Maya reading entry; individual Maya communities are not interchangeable. Bibliography descriptions and access statements are supplied by the study and require original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/calendar-system", "title": "Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian. The Calendar System. 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Visiting Guide.", "suppliedAnnotation": "Curatorial interpretation grounded in Maya artworks and inscriptions.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Maya_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Maya history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied overview of the many Maya peoples, languages and historical periods. Linked to the broad Maya reading entry; individual Maya communities are not interchangeable. Bibliography descriptions and access statements are supplied by the study and require original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.newberry.org/collection/research-guide/popol-vuh", "title": "Newberry Library. Popol Vuh. 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Our Path.", "suppliedAnnotation": "Primary statement of a contemporary Maya organization’s mission and priorities.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Maya_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Maya history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied overview of the many Maya peoples, languages and historical periods. Linked to the broad Maya reading entry; individual Maya communities are not interchangeable. Bibliography descriptions and access statements are supplied by the study and require original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.marc.ucsb.edu/research/maya/ancient-maya-civilization/preclassic-period", "title": "University of California Santa Barbara, MesoAmerican Research Center. Preclassic Period.", "suppliedAnnotation": "University research overview of early agriculture, settlements and public architecture.", "extractedFrom": [ "document text", "hyperlink relationship" ], "documentKey": "Maya_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Maya history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied overview of the many Maya peoples, languages and historical periods. Linked to the broad Maya reading entry; individual Maya communities are not interchangeable. Bibliography descriptions and access statements are supplied by the study and require original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-26", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" } ], "studyKeys": [ "Maya_History_Culture_and_Timeline" ], "added": false, "slug": "maya", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico", "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "BZ", "name": "Belize", "key": "bz" } ] }, { "name": "Mayangna", "region": "Nicaragua / Honduras", "kind": "People", "overview": "Mayangna communities live in Nicaragua and Honduras; Bosawas is a major homeland and center of community knowledge.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Mayangna communities live in Nicaragua and Honduras; Bosawas is a major homeland and center of community knowledge.", "sourceIds": [ "p203-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "UNESCO’s community collaboration documented knowledge of freshwater ecosystems and developed materials linking language, cultural knowledge, and environmental learning.", "sourceIds": [ "p203-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "Bilingual Mayangna–Spanish classroom resources were launched with community participation in 2016, supporting exchange between children, families, and knowledge holders.", "sourceIds": [ "p203-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p203-s1", "url": "https://www.unesco.org/en/links/mayangna", "title": "Mayangna language, culture and knowledge", "publisher": "UNESCO", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p203-s2", "url": "https://ich.unesco.org/en/project-education/reinforcing-the-transmission-of-mayangna-knowledge-and-culture-in-the-classroom-00493", "title": "Reinforcing transmission of Mayangna knowledge and culture", "publisher": "UNESCO", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 375 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 203, "added": false, "slug": "mayangna", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "NI", "name": "Nicaragua", "key": "ni" } ] }, { "name": "Mayo (Yoreme)", "region": "Sonora / Sinaloa, Mexico", "kind": "People", "overview": "Yoreme, also called Mayo, communities live in southern Sonora and northern Sinaloa.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Yoreme, also called Mayo, communities live in southern Sonora and northern Sinaloa.", "sourceIds": [ "p204-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "INPI follows territorial pressures, regional agricultural change, and relations with Yaqui communities, while identifying Mayo as a distinct people.", "sourceIds": [ "p204-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "Yoreme language belongs to the Uto-Aztecan family. The ethnography covers community organization, religion, and cultural practice alongside historical context.", "sourceIds": [ "p204-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p204-s1", "url": "https://catalogo.inpi.gob.mx/yoreme-mayo/", "title": "Pueblo Yoreme / Mayo", "publisher": "INPI", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p204-s2", "url": "https://www.gob.mx/inpi/articulos/etnografia-de-los-mayos-de-sonora", "title": "Etnografía del pueblo mayo de Sinaloa y Sonora", "publisher": "INPI", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 441 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 204, "preferredName": "Yoreme / Mayo", "added": false, "slug": "mayo-yoreme", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "Mazahua", "region": "State of Mexico / Michoacán", "kind": "People", "overview": "Mazahua communities are concentrated in the Toluca and Ixtlahuaca valleys and adjoining parts of Michoacán.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Mazahua communities are concentrated in the Toluca and Ixtlahuaca valleys and adjoining parts of Michoacán.", "sourceIds": [ "p205-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "INPI’s catalogue identifies a network of communities across municipalities including San Felipe del Progreso, San José del Rincón, and Zitácuaro.", "sourceIds": [ "p205-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The national autodenomination resources record Jñatjo and Jñatrjo. This guide requires further community-led historical and language sources for a fuller profile.", "sourceIds": [ "p205-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p205-s1", "url": "https://catalogo.inpi.gob.mx/mazahua/", "title": "Pueblo Mazahua", "publisher": "INPI", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p205-s2", "url": "https://reformaindigenatraduccion.inpi.gob.mx/autodenominaciones/", "title": "Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales y sus autodenominaciones", "publisher": "INPI", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 205, "added": false, "slug": "mazahua", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "Mazatec", "region": "Oaxaca / Veracruz / Puebla, Mexico", "kind": "People", "overview": "Mazatec communities live in northwestern Oaxaca and adjoining parts of Veracruz and Puebla, with diverse local histories and language varieties.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Mazatec communities live in northwestern Oaxaca and adjoining parts of Veracruz and Puebla, with diverse local histories and language varieties.", "sourceIds": [ "p206-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "The Miguel Alemán dam project displaced communities and submerged land, transforming economy, social organization, and relationships to territory.", "sourceIds": [ "p206-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "INPI’s ethnography describes regional agriculture, family gardens, fishing, and community life. Its language and regional resources help resist portraying all communities as uniform.", "sourceIds": [ "p206-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p206-s1", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/mazatecos-etnografia/", "title": "Mazatecos — Etnografía", "publisher": "INPI", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p206-s2", "url": "https://www.gob.mx/inpi/articulos/etnografia-del-pueblo-mazateco-de-oaxaca-ha-shuta-enima?idiom=es", "title": "Etnografía del pueblo mazateco de Oaxaca", "publisher": "INPI", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 206, "added": false, "slug": "mazatec", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "McGrath Native Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "McGrath Native Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 907; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "mcgrath-native-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "M’Chigeeng First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — Lake Huron region member listing", "overview": "M’Chigeeng First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. Membership alone is not treated as proof of Ojibwe, Anishinaabe or other ethnic identity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page18 (zero-based17): named member entry with Ontario address; parenthetical name retained only where explicit.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "mchigeeng-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "name": "Meherrin", "region": "Northeastern North Carolina / southeastern Virginia", "kind": "People / tribal nation", "overview": "Meherrin people have enduring communities in southeastern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina, with Iroquoian cultural connections.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Meherrin people have enduring communities in southeastern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina, with Iroquoian cultural connections.", "sourceIds": [ "p207-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "The Nation’s history portal organizes treaties, reservation histories, schools, legislation, and named historical people and places.", "sourceIds": [ "p207-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The contemporary Nation emphasizes language revitalization and cultural activity in Hertford, Bertie, Northampton, and Gates counties.", "sourceIds": [ "p207-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p207-s1", "url": "https://meherrinnation.org/", "title": "Meherrin Indian Nation", "publisher": "Meherrin Indian Nation", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p207-s2", "url": "https://meherrinnation.org/history-culture/history/", "title": "History", "publisher": "Meherrin Indian Nation", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 207, "added": false, "slug": "meherrin", "regionGroups": [ "Northeast", "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NC", "name": "North Carolina", "key": "us-nc" } ] }, { "name": "Menominee", "region": "Wisconsin / Upper Michigan", "kind": "People / tribal nation", "overview": "Menominee is the broader reading label here; the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin has a separate government route. These sources introduce restoration, community life and cultural continuity.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Menominee origin traditions begin at the Menominee River, near the Nation’s present reservation in Wisconsin.", "sourceIds": [ "p208-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "Treaties reduced the land base; federal termination in the 1950s was reversed through grassroots organizing and the Menominee Restoration Act of 1973.", "sourceIds": [ "p208-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The Nation’s cultural museum and public history connect sovereignty and the homeland with language, culture, and contemporary community life.", "sourceIds": [ "p208-s2" ] }, { "title": "Reading the Tribe’s restoration account", "text": "The Tribe’s brief history attributes restored federal recognition in 1973 to sustained grassroots organizing. It also locates the government at Keshena. This is a starting account from the Tribe; original statutes and their legal consequences require separate reading.", "sourceIds": [ "c4-menominee-brief" ] }, { "title": "Culture continues in a homeland", "text": "The Cultural Museum’s introduction emphasizes continuing leadership, language and tradition within the homeland. Its voice presents Menominee life as ongoing through adversity. The public page supplies an institutional perspective; the linked videos, original collections and wider range of community voices remain a further reading task.", "sourceIds": [ "c4-menominee-museum" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p208-s1", "url": "https://menominee-nsn.gov/CulturePages/BriefHistory", "title": "Brief History", "publisher": "Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p208-s2", "url": "https://www.menominee-nsn.gov/CulturePages/CulturalMuseum", "title": "Cultural Museum", "publisher": "Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "c4-menominee-brief", "title": "Brief History", "publisher": "Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin", "url": "https://www.menominee-nsn.gov/culturepages/briefhistory", "type": "Indigenous-led / community-published", "topics": [ "Public history", "Restoration", "Community" ], "annotation": "The Tribe’s concise history and location account. Numerical totals are not adopted as current facts.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete visible prose26–35 read. Synthesis uses historical recognition/restoration paragraph27, location and named communities29, and attributed infrastructure concerns34–35. Ancient dates, treaty count, acreage, population totals, current officeholders and legal rules are not independently established. Facts & Figures supplement and original statutes were not opened.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceUnitKey": "menominee-brief-history", "publicationDate": "Undated; site footer and crawl dates are not publication dates", "accessNotes": "Public HTML actual selected body text read; linked documents and media are outside this inspection." }, { "id": "c4-menominee-museum", "title": "Cultural Museum", "publisher": "Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin", "url": "https://www.menominee-nsn.gov/CulturePages/CulturalMuseum", "type": "Indigenous-led / community-published", "topics": [ "Public history", "Language", "Museum" ], "annotation": "The Tribe’s public museum introduction connects cultural continuity and homeland. Linked object videos remain unviewed.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual Background body26–30 and museum/public-history context31–38 read. Synthesis uses homeland and continuing leadership/language statements29 only. Prophecy and religious instructions are not reproduced; ancient dates and Eurocentric fur-trade causation are not adopted. Hours not verified as current; virtual tour, object videos and camp application not opened.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceUnitKey": "menominee-cultural-museum", "publicationDate": "Undated; site footer and crawl dates are not publication dates", "accessNotes": "Public HTML actual selected body text read; linked documents and media are outside this inspection." } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 208, "overviewSourceIds": [ "c4-menominee-brief", "c4-menominee-museum" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "researchGaps": [ "Read underlying termination and restoration laws and community-authored historical works before expanding chronology or making current-law claims.", "Broaden public Menominee family, language, arts and land-stewardship perspectives beyond the two concise institutional pages.", "Current population, acreage, housing needs and program outcomes are not verified by these undated pages.", "The retained older origin-at-the-Menominee-River statement has not been verified in this batch: the selected Brief History does not itself provide that origin account. Its older citation remains an uninspected legacy card.", "The historical Amiskquew portrait is individual context; it is not a contemporary government representative or a universal picture of Menominee people." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded starting path from selected public community accounts; chronology, wider voices and underlying records remain to be reviewed.", "remainingLimits": [ "Read underlying termination and restoration laws and community-authored historical works before expanding chronology or making current-law claims.", "Broaden public Menominee family, language, arts and land-stewardship perspectives beyond the two concise institutional pages.", "Current population, acreage, housing needs and program outcomes are not verified by these undated pages.", "The retained older origin-at-the-Menominee-River statement has not been verified in this batch: the selected Brief History does not itself provide that origin account. Its older citation remains an uninspected legacy card.", "The historical Amiskquew portrait is individual context; it is not a contemporary government representative or a universal picture of Menominee people." ] }, "startingGuide": { "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "batchId": "starter-guides-04", "purpose": "A short source-led starting path; detailed research remains unfinished.", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c4-menominee-brief", "reason": "Begin with the Tribe’s concise restoration and community account." }, { "sourceId": "c4-menominee-museum", "reason": "Read the museum introduction for its statement of cultural continuity." } ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "imageRecordId": "menominee-amiskquew-loc-1843" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "added": false, "slug": "menominee", "regionGroups": [ "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WI", "name": "Wisconsin", "key": "us-wi" } ] }, { "name": "Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Wisconsin, United States — current government listing", "overview": "The Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin is the named government route, connected to the broader Menominee reading collection. Its public history places the seat of government at Keshena.", "relationshipNote": "The state roster identifies this named Tribal Nation separately. It does not establish the full history or relationships of every broader reading label.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "A government within continuing communities", "text": "The Tribe’s account locates its government at Keshena and names Neopit, Middle Village, Zoar and South Branch alongside it. It describes housing and infrastructure pressures as community concerns. The undated page’s figures are not current measurements.", "sourceIds": [ "c4-menominee-brief" ] }, { "title": "A public museum account in the Tribe’s voice", "text": "The Cultural Museum introduces the homeland through the Tribe’s account of endurance, leadership and continuing language and tradition. This is a public institutional narrative. Its linked tours and object videos have not been reviewed, and public presentation does not establish a blanket right to reproduce collection images or restricted knowledge.", "sourceIds": [ "c4-menominee-museum" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c4-menominee-brief", "title": "Brief History", "publisher": "Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin", "url": "https://www.menominee-nsn.gov/culturepages/briefhistory", "type": "Indigenous-led / community-published", "topics": [ "Public history", "Restoration", "Community" ], "annotation": "The Tribe’s concise history and location account. Numerical totals are not adopted as current facts.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete visible prose26–35 read. Synthesis uses historical recognition/restoration paragraph27, location and named communities29, and attributed infrastructure concerns34–35. 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Linked object videos remain unviewed.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual Background body26–30 and museum/public-history context31–38 read. Synthesis uses homeland and continuing leadership/language statements29 only. Prophecy and religious instructions are not reproduced; ancient dates and Eurocentric fur-trade causation are not adopted. Hours not verified as current; virtual tour, object videos and camp application not opened.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceUnitKey": "menominee-cultural-museum", "publicationDate": "Undated; site footer and crawl dates are not publication dates", "accessNotes": "Public HTML actual selected body text read; linked documents and media are outside this inspection." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://dcf.wisconsin.gov/tribalaffairs/tribalinformation", "publisher": "Wisconsin Department of Children and Families", "title": "Tribal Information — Federally Recognized Tribes in Wisconsin", "scope": "Named in the complete eleven-government list; identity/name check only.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 208 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Deepen the present-government history through constitutional instruments, original restoration law and dated community publications.", "This short institutional path does not cover all Menominee people, present policies, services or outcomes; current numerical totals remain unverified.", "Broaden direct public community voices and language, arts and environmental accounts beyond these introductions.", "The shared 1843 Amiskquew portrait gives historical Menominee context, not a depiction of the contemporary government or its present officeholders." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded starting path from selected public community accounts; chronology, wider voices and underlying records remain to be reviewed.", "remainingLimits": [ "Deepen the present-government history through constitutional instruments, original restoration law and dated community publications.", "This short institutional path does not cover all Menominee people, present policies, services or outcomes; current numerical totals remain unverified.", "Broaden direct public community voices and language, arts and environmental accounts beyond these introductions.", "The shared 1843 Amiskquew portrait gives historical Menominee context, not a depiction of the contemporary government or its present officeholders." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "c4-menominee-brief" ], "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "startingGuide": { "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "batchId": "starter-guides-04", "purpose": "A short source-led starting path; detailed research remains unfinished.", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c4-menominee-brief", "reason": "Begin with the government’s own history and location account." }, { "sourceId": "c4-menominee-museum", "reason": "Continue to its public museum introduction and keep media access separate." } ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "imageRecordId": "menominee-amiskquew-loc-1843" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "menominee-indian-tribe-of-wisconsin", "regionGroups": [ "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WI", "name": "Wisconsin", "key": "us-wi" } ] }, { "name": "Mentasta Traditional Council", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Mentasta Traditional Council has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 909; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "mentasta-traditional-council", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Mescalero Apache", "region": "Southern New Mexico / Texas / northern Mexico", "kind": "Apache people / tribal nation", "overview": "The Mescalero Apache Tribe’s public sources describe a contemporary community that includes Mescalero, Lipan, and Chiricahua people. This reading path brings together the Tribe’s public history, language-program goals and a dated 2024 education update, its posted constitution, Texas-focused historical research, and a peer-reviewed account of a Tribe-requested family-program pilot. It is an initial introduction, not a complete history or a substitute for distinct community accounts from Mescalero, Lipan, and Chiricahua people.", "sections": [ { "title": "A present-day Tribe and its own public history", "text": "The Mescalero Apache Tribe’s official pages describe a contemporary community that includes Mescalero, Lipan, and Chiricahua people. Its 2023 anniversary account presents these as three bands working together to preserve ancestral homelands, traditions, and culture. The Tribe’s public constitution, in its posted version amended through 1988, defines membership irrespective of Apache band and sets out a formal government framework. This dated constitutional text is useful for institutional history; it is not a substitute for current codes or a community-reviewed explanation of each band’s distinct history. A 2017 peer-reviewed article by University of New Mexico and Mescalero Apache program staff describes a Tribe-requested research partnership, a Tribal Council resolution to co-write and co-submit the project, and a Mescalero Apache Tribal Research Team that adapted and piloted a family program. The article says the publication was approved by the Tribal Council and Southwest Tribal IRB. This documents a dated community-based research process, not current program delivery or a universal description of Mescalero family life.", "sourceIds": [ "p209-s2", "p209-s3", "p209-s4", "p209-s6" ] }, { "title": "Language-program goals and education", "text": "The Tribe’s Ndé Bizaa’ Language Program says its mission is to support Apache language and culture and describes language as important to identity and community well-being. Its stated goals include increasing the number of fluent speakers, Apache use across age groups and settings, literacy, knowledge of history, and participation in cultural activities. The undated page lists documentation, curriculum updates at the Language Program, immersion school and K–12 schools, language materials, and development of future language teachers; later items are possible approaches, not confirmed policy. A September 2024 program update reports that two immersion teachers had been hired for early-childhood settings, with classes planned to begin at specified sites, and describes efforts to recruit mentor–apprentices and learn from other language programs. Those are dated reports and plans, not confirmation that classes began as scheduled or remain active. Neither page supplies present fluency figures or measured outcomes. Ceremony-specific material is not repeated.", "sourceIds": [ "p209-s7", "p209-s8" ] }, { "title": "Texas connections across a wide homeland", "text": "The Tribe’s undated Our Culture page describes historical Mescalero movement through Texas and neighboring parts of the Southwest and northern Mexico. TxDOT’s 2020 report focuses specifically on the locations and periods of Mescalero Apache presence in Texas. Its introduction says its source set was recommended and approved by the Tribe’s Historic Preservation Officer and that her draft comments were addressed. The report remains a government synthesis, and it sometimes uses Apache as an inclusive label for several historical bands. Its regional account does not define the present Tribe’s boundaries or imply that every Apache group in Texas was Mescalero. The collaborative study also describes Mescalero homelands across the current reservation and broader Southwest regions of Texas, Arizona and Mexico. This is the article’s broad historical framing, not a boundary survey; its underlying historical sources were not independently checked here.", "sourceIds": [ "p209-s1", "p209-s2", "p209-s5", "p209-s6" ] }, { "title": "Historical names and changing political conditions", "text": "Spanish and later writers applied changing names to Apache communities, sometimes based on outsiders’ descriptions rather than names used within the communities. The TxDOT report lays out this problem while tracing a broad chronology from Spanish Texas through the nineteenth century; the Fort Davis National Park Service page adds a shorter Trans-Pecos chronology. Read their group labels and accounts of conflict as period-specific descriptions, not as a single timeless Apache identity. NPS’s wording about a historical end to free-roaming Mescalero presence in the Trans-Pecos does not mean the people disappeared. The study provides a dated background on the three bands brought together at the reservation and on family connections to ancestral bands, while noting that the present institutional community formed through reorganization. These statements are attributed to the authors and are read alongside the Tribe’s own public account and dated constitution.", "sourceIds": [ "p209-s1", "p209-s5", "p209-s6" ] }, { "title": "Reservation history and the Tribe’s commemorative perspective", "text": "The Tribe’s 2023 article commemorates the May 1873 designation of the present reservation and quotes then-President Edward Martinez describing the event as a return to homeland and a point of resilience. Those statements convey the Tribe’s public interpretation and are attributed to its speaker. The same article dates Lipan arrival at the reservation to 1905, while the undated Our Culture page says “about 1903.” The available pages do not resolve that difference, so this guide preserves both formulations rather than selecting one.", "sourceIds": [ "p209-s2", "p209-s3", "p209-s5" ] }, { "title": "Reading path and open questions", "text": "Begin with the Tribe’s own public history and its 2023 reservation-anniversary account, then compare the posted constitution’s dated framework with the 2020 TxDOT report and the Fort Davis NPS page. Keep community statements, government research, and park interpretation distinct. The TxDOT report contains maps that were not inspected as images, and it separately marks culturally sensitive planning resources; that section was not opened. More work is needed on community-authored accounts from Mescalero, Lipan, and Chiricahua people, the primary records behind the historical chronology, current legal materials, and differences among historical labels. Read the 2017 Mescalero Apache–University of New Mexico study as a specific example of Tribal-directed, co-produced research and a family curriculum pilot, not as a current program directory. The pilot ran in 2013–2014 with a small participant group and short follow-up; the article itself says its long-term impact required further evaluation. Its broader homeland statements should be checked against the Tribe’s own sources and the underlying historical evidence.", "sourceIds": [ "p209-s1", "p209-s2", "p209-s3", "p209-s4", "p209-s5", "p209-s6" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p209-s1", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/foda/learn/historyculture/mescalero-apaches.htm", "title": "Mescalero Apaches", "publisher": "National Park Service", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "The National Park Service’s Fort Davis page offers a brief regional historical interpretation of Mescalero Apache geography and nineteenth-century events in the Trans-Pecos. Its author and supporting record citations are not shown on the page, and its broad use of Apache labels and statement that Mescaleros had “disappeared” from the Trans-Pecos must not be read as the disappearance of a people or as a description of present identity. Use the site’s dated chronology alongside the Tribe’s own accounts and the consulted TxDOT report.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible page body (lines 21–30), including the range description, selected named events, the 1871/1875 timeline and the site’s 1881–1882 narrative. The page says it was last updated October 30, 2021. No underlying archival records or associated image were inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p209-s2", "url": "https://mescaleroapachetribe.com/our-culture/", "title": "Our Culture", "publisher": "Mescalero Apache Tribe", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "The Tribe’s public Our Culture page is a first-party institutional account. This review uses only its statements about the present Tribe’s three named constituent bands, its account of broad historical travel through Texas and neighboring regions, and its reservation chronology. The page is undated and also contains broad older descriptions; detailed ceremonial material and animal protocols are deliberately not reproduced or treated as unrestricted cultural instruction.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the visible body at lines 14–26 and 43–56 for the Tribe’s identity, reservation chronology, homeland and foodways account. The dedicated puberty-rite description and animal protocol sections (lines 59–89) were intentionally excluded from this synthesis. Linked photographs were not inspected or reused.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p209-s3", "title": "Mescalero Apache Tribe commemorates reservation boundaries created 150 years ago", "author": "Mescalero Apache Tribe; institutional byline", "publisher": "Mescalero Apache Tribe", "url": "https://mescaleroapachetribe.com/18761/mescalero-apache-tribe-commemorates-reservation-boundaries-created-150-years-ago/", "type": "Indigenous-led / tribal government community history", "topics": [ "Present-day community", "Reservation history", "Texas connections", "Lipan and Chiricahua histories" ], "publicationDate": "June 6, 2023", "annotation": "The Tribe’s own 2023 commemoration describes its communitywide anniversary event for the present reservation boundaries and quotes then-President Edward Martinez explaining the Tribe’s interpretation of the 1873 designation. The article describes the contemporary Tribe as comprising Mescalero, Lipan, and Chiricahua bands and gives a Lipan arrival date of 1905, while the Tribe’s undated Our Culture page says “about 1903”; that discrepancy is left open. Statements about time immemorial and ancestry are attributed to the Tribe or its president, not independently established by this article.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the full visible article body, especially the Tribe’s account of the 1873 anniversary, the quoted statement from President Edward Martinez, its description of three constituent bands, and the 1905 Lipan / 1913 Chiricahua chronology (lines 13–34). The linked resolution and parade video were not opened; ceremonial activity is not described beyond the article’s public event summary.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p209-s4", "title": "Constitution of the Mescalero Apache Tribe (amended through October 18, 1988)", "author": "Mescalero Apache Tribe; text reproduced on the Tribe’s official website", "publisher": "Mescalero Apache Tribe; constitution text identifies the U.S. Department of the Interior / Office of Indian Affairs", "url": "https://mescaleroapachetribe.com/constitution/", "type": "Primary community-government document", "topics": [ "Tribal government", "Membership", "Jurisdiction", "Reservation governance" ], "publicationDate": "Approved March 25, 1936; revised January 12, 1965; amendments shown through October 18, 1988", "annotation": "The constitution is a primary source for the Tribe’s formally stated governmental framework in the version posted: Article I defines membership irrespective of Apache band, Articles II–III address jurisdiction and reservation property, and Articles VII–VIII describe the branches and Tribal Council. The page states that the text is amended through 1988. It is not used as a complete statement of current ordinances or present policy; current legal amendments were not checked, and period-specific membership wording is not repeated in this profile.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the title, revision history, preamble, Articles I–III and VII–VIII, including the Council composition/election provisions (visible lines 13–215). Selected Tribal Council powers in Article XI were read (lines 357–435). Remaining articles and current ordinances were not reviewed.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p209-s5", "title": "Mescalero Apache Tribe Research Report — TxDOT Tribal Histories", "author": "Texas Department of Transportation research team; title page gives no individual author byline", "publisher": "Texas Department of Transportation, TxDOT Tribal Histories Project", "url": "https://ftp.txdot.gov/pub/txdot-info/env/toolkit/415-07-rpt.pdf", "type": "Government historical research report developed in consultation with the Tribe’s Historic Preservation Office", "topics": [ "Texas historical geography", "Apache group names", "Colonial and nineteenth-century records", "Reservation history" ], "publicationDate": "July 2020", "annotation": "This 54-page government report specifically studies locations and periods of Mescalero Apache presence in Texas. Its introduction says the sources were recommended and approved by Mescalero Apache Tribe Historic Preservation Officer Holly Houghton, who also commented on the draft; the report itself remains a TxDOT synthesis, not a Tribe-authored work. It combines historical, archaeological, linguistic, oral-history, and contemporary sources and says its broad contextual narrative is inclusive of Apache bands. Older names such as Querecho, Natage, and Lipan should therefore remain attributed and should not be collapsed into present-day government identities. Findings and colonial descriptions are attributed to the report and its cited authors.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read PDF pages 3–4 (method, consultation and scope), 7–8 and 10–12 (selected early records and historical-name table), 35–40 (Texas-era chronology and reservation context), and selected lines on pages 41 and 48–49. The 54-page report was not read cover to cover. Page 50’s section explicitly labeled culturally sensitive for future planning was not opened. Maps and figures were not visually inspected or used as map evidence; most cited underlying records were not independently checked.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p209-s6", "title": "The piloting of a culturally centered American Indian family prevention program: a CBPR partnership between Mescalero Apache and the University of New Mexico", "author": "Lorenda Belone, Ardena Orosco, Eloise Damon, Willymae Smith-McNeal, Rebecca Rae, Mingma L. Sherpa, Orrin B. Myers, Anslem O. Omeh, and Nina Wallerstein; coauthors include Mescalero Apache Prevention Program and System of Care staff", "publisher": "Public Health Reviews 38 (2017), article 30; University of New Mexico and Mescalero Apache community partnership; PubMed Central open-access copy", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5785102/", "type": "Peer-reviewed community-based participatory research", "topics": [ "Mescalero Apache community research", "Family Listening Program", "Language and cultural education", "Texas homeland context" ], "publicationDate": "December 22, 2017", "annotation": "A peer-reviewed article coauthored by University of New Mexico researchers and staff affiliated with the Mescalero Apache Prevention Program and System of Care. It reports that the Tribe requested the partnership, that a Tribal Council resolution supported co-writing and co-submission, and that a Mescalero Apache Tribal Research Team adapted and piloted a family program. The authors state the manuscript received Tribal Council and Southwest Tribal IRB approval. The study concerns a specific 2013–2014 pilot, not current program availability, all Mescalero families, or long-term outcomes. Its brief historical statements—including a broad homeland context spanning parts of Texas, Arizona and Mexico—remain attributed to the article; the underlying historical records were not checked here. The Atlas does not reproduce curriculum materials, participant data, images, or private content.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the open-access article body: publication metadata, abstract, research-partnership and historical-background sections, team formation and curriculum adaptation, pilot design and sample, selected results, discussion/conclusion, acknowledgments, approval statement and data-availability note (visible sections around lines 33–160, 176–215, 224–300 and 373). The pilot is discussed only as a dated collaborative research project; small sample, incomplete follow-up, short duration, and the authors’ statement that no difference in substance use was observed are kept in view. No participant-level data, session materials, images or follow-up study results were accessed. Cited historical works were not independently reviewed.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Peer-reviewed community-based participatory research" }, { "id": "p209-s7", "title": "Ndé Bizaa’ — The Mescalero Apache Tribe Language Program", "publisher": "Mescalero Apache Tribe, Language Program", "url": "https://mescaleroapachetribe.com/nde-bizaa/", "type": "Tribal language program", "topics": [ "Mescalero Apache", "Language", "Education", "Cultural continuity" ], "annotation": "The Tribe’s first-party language-program page states a mission to support Apache language and culture and sets goals for increasing fluent speakers, language use across ages and settings, literacy, knowledge of history, and participation in cultural activities. It outlines documentation, curriculum development at Tribal schools/programs, language materials, and teacher development. Later items on the page are framed as possible strategies, not current commitments. The page is undated and does not report current schedules, fluency counts, or outcomes. Sacred and animal-specific guidance on the same page is not reproduced or elaborated.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Complete visible Ndé Bizaa’ page read. The mission, stated goals, current strategy headings, teaching settings, teacher-development goals, and proposed future approaches were reviewed. Sacred/culturally sensitive details were excluded from the synthesis; linked images and curriculum materials were not reviewed.", "accessNotes": "Public page on the official Mescalero Apache Tribe website; undated. The atlas links to the page and does not reproduce text or images.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p209-s8", "title": "Update on the Mescalero Apache Tribe Language & Cultural Program", "publisher": "Mescalero Apache Tribe Language & Culture Program", "url": "https://mescaleroapachetribe.com/wp-content/uploads/MATLC-Update-for-website.pdf", "type": "Tribal language-program update", "publicationDate": "2024-09-09", "topics": [ "Mescalero Apache", "Language", "Immersion education", "Apprenticeship" ], "annotation": "A two-page program update linked from the Tribe’s September 9, 2024 news post. It reports that two immersion teachers had been hired for early-childhood settings, describes intended start dates for classes, and reports recruitment and peer-learning activity for a mentor–apprentice program. These are statements in a dated program snapshot; its plans are not confirmation that classes began as scheduled or remain active, and the report provides no later outcome data. Ceremony-specific material is not summarized.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Visually inspected both pages of the complete two-page scanned PDF after rendering; the PDF has no searchable text. Read the program update, including reported immersion-teacher hiring, planned early-childhood classes, mentor–apprentice recruitment and program visits. Used only language-education details. Ceremony-specific content was deliberately excluded. No linked curricula, lesson materials, current program schedule, or subsequent outcome reports were reviewed.", "accessNotes": "Public PDF linked from the Mescalero Apache Tribe website. The page was an image scan and required visual rendering to inspect; the atlas links to the original PDF and does not reproduce it.", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 16, 185 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 209, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p209-s2", "p209-s3", "p209-s4", "p209-s5", "p209-s7", "p209-s8" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "researchComplete": false, "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Adequate initial introduction", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "rationale": "Eight substantive works provide an initial path across the Tribe’s public identity and reservation history, a dated posted constitution, the Tribe’s language-program goals and a September 2024 program snapshot, a Texas-focused government synthesis whose source pool and draft received Historic Preservation Officer input, an NPS regional interpretation, and a peer-reviewed Mescalero Apache–University of New Mexico participatory-research article coauthored with Mescalero program staff. The 2024 update reports hiring and plans at that time but does not confirm subsequent delivery or outcomes. The research article concerns a specific 2013–2014 pilot rather than current service delivery. This remains an initial introduction—not a complete history, community endorsement, or claim that the broader research target has been met.", "remainingLimits": [ "The Tribe’s Our Culture page is undated and contains broad older language; only identity, broad geography, reservation history, and non-sensitive public foodways context were used.", "The 2023 tribal commemoration says Lipan members joined the reservation community in 1905; the Tribe’s undated Our Culture page says about 1903. This difference remains unresolved.", "The posted constitution is amended through October 18, 1988; newer ordinances and current legal updates were not reviewed.", "TxDOT’s 2020 report was inspected selectively, not cover to cover. It is a government synthesis, though its introduction documents source approval and draft comments from the Tribe’s Historic Preservation Officer. Most cited underlying records were not independently inspected.", "The NPS page gives a short historical interpretation without showing its underlying sources; its language about disappearance from the Trans-Pecos is not used to imply the disappearance of Mescalero people.", "Further community-authored publications and distinct perspectives from Mescalero, Lipan, and Chiricahua members and institutions are needed. No community review or endorsement of this Atlas profile is recorded.", "TxDOT report maps and figures were not visually inspected or connected to a profile; the report’s page 50 culturally sensitive planning section was deliberately not opened.", "No current population, enrollment, acreage, language-program status, or other changeable figures are claimed.", "The 2017 participatory-research article concerns a small 2013–2014 pilot with incomplete follow-up; it does not establish current services, community-wide outcomes, or long-term effects. Its broader homeland description is not a boundary survey.", "The undated Ndé Bizaa’ page states language-program goals and planned approaches but gives no current schedule, baseline, fluency counts, or measured outcomes; possible future strategies are not treated as implemented policies.", "The September 2024 language-program update is a dated snapshot: planned class start dates and recruitment are not verified as later implementation, and no follow-up outcomes were reviewed." ] }, "researchGaps": [ "The Tribe’s Our Culture page is undated and contains broad older language; only identity, broad geography, reservation history, and non-sensitive public foodways context were used.", "The 2023 tribal commemoration says Lipan members joined the reservation community in 1905; the Tribe’s undated Our Culture page says about 1903. This difference remains unresolved.", "The posted constitution is amended through October 18, 1988; newer ordinances and current legal updates were not reviewed.", "TxDOT’s 2020 report was inspected selectively, not cover to cover. It is a government synthesis, though its introduction documents source approval and draft comments from the Tribe’s Historic Preservation Officer. Most cited underlying records were not independently inspected.", "The NPS page gives a short historical interpretation without showing its underlying sources; its language about disappearance from the Trans-Pecos is not used to imply the disappearance of Mescalero people.", "Further community-authored publications and distinct perspectives from Mescalero, Lipan, and Chiricahua members and institutions are needed. No community review or endorsement of this Atlas profile is recorded.", "TxDOT report maps and figures were not visually inspected or connected to a profile; the report’s page 50 culturally sensitive planning section was deliberately not opened.", "No current population, enrollment, acreage, language-program status, or other changeable figures are claimed.", "The 2017 participatory-research article documents a Tribe-requested pilot and includes a broad historical homeland summary, but its cited historical sources were not independently reviewed and it does not establish current family-program availability or outcomes.", "The Ndé Bizaa’ language-program page is undated and does not provide current implementation, fluency data, curriculum materials, or outcome measures.", "The September 2024 language-program update is a dated snapshot: planned class start dates and recruitment are not verified as later implementation, and no follow-up outcomes were reviewed." ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-01", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p209-s2", "reason": "Use the Tribe’s public identity and reservation-history passages to introduce its Mescalero, Lipan and Chiricahua community connections." }, { "sourceId": "p209-s5", "reason": "The consulted TxDOT report provides Texas-focused chronology and explains the Tribal Historic Preservation Officer’s role in its preparation." }, { "sourceId": "p209-s7", "reason": "The Tribe’s language-program page explains its teaching mission and goals without implying verified current schedules or outcomes." }, { "sourceId": "p209-s6", "reason": "This community-partnered study gives a concrete 2013–2014 family-program example with explicit research and outcome limits." } ], "scopeNote": "The Mescalero Apache Tribe includes Mescalero, Lipan and Chiricahua people, while those peoples and other communities retain distinct histories. Read only the identified public passages; ceremonial and animal protocols, culturally sensitive report material and participant data are outside the synthesis.", "reviewRationale": "A first-party historical account, consultation-informed regional research, public language goals and a Tribe-requested collaborative study provide a useful bounded guide while full historical and contemporary coverage remains open.", "remainingQuestions": [ "The Tribe’s pages give about 1903 and 1905 for Lipan arrivals; neither date is silently reconciled.", "The report is partially inspected and remains government-authored; the small 2013–2014 pilot does not establish present availability, long-term outcomes or conditions for all families." ], "imageRecordId": "mescalero-st-joseph-mission-mr-t-77-2011", "reviewBasis": "Review of existing actual-content source records, retained evidence ledgers and image identification/rights records. No new original-source inspection count, fresh image inspection or comprehensive completion is implied.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false }, "added": false, "slug": "mescalero-apache", "searchTerms": [ "Mescalero Apache Tribe of the Mescalero Reservation, New Mexico" ], "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] }, { "name": "Meskwaki", "region": "Great Lakes / Iowa / Oklahoma / Kansas", "kind": "People", "overview": "Meskwaki is a people’s own name; Fox is an imposed historical name. Meskwaki and Sauk are distinct despite frequent joint treatment.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Meskwaki is a people’s own name; Fox is an imposed historical name. Meskwaki and Sauk are distinct despite frequent joint treatment.", "sourceIds": [ "p210-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "The Meskwaki Nation’s history follows removal pressures and the 1857 purchase of land in Iowa, establishing the foundation of the Settlement.", "sourceIds": [ "p210-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The Nation’s website connects land reclamation, language maintenance, sovereignty, and contemporary institutions. Older Sac and Fox labels should be interpreted in context.", "sourceIds": [ "p210-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p210-s1", "url": "https://www.meskwaki.org/history/", "title": "The Meskwaki Nation’s History", "publisher": "Meskwaki Nation", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p210-s2", "url": "https://www.meskwaki.org/", "title": "Meskwaki Nation", "publisher": "Meskwaki Nation", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 109, 325, 327 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "originalId": 210, "relationshipNote": "Fox and Meskwaki are overlapping names in the original list; Sac and Fox can refer to particular joint governments.", "added": false, "slug": "meskwaki", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains", "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-IA", "name": "Iowa", "key": "us-ia" }, { "id": "US-KS", "name": "Kansas", "key": "us-ks" } ] }, { "name": "Métis", "region": "Métis Nation Homeland / Canada", "kind": "Distinct Indigenous people", "overview": "Métis identity refers to a distinct Indigenous people with its own history, communities, political traditions, and homeland.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Métis identity refers to a distinct Indigenous people with its own history, communities, political traditions, and homeland.", "sourceIds": [ "p211-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "Métis National Council sources connect national history with provisional governments, land struggles, and contemporary self-government efforts.", "sourceIds": [ "p211-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The Council identifies Michif as foundational to national identity and supports language revitalization. Métis identity is not a generic synonym for mixed ancestry.", "sourceIds": [ "p211-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p211-s1", "url": "https://www.metisnation.ca/what-we-do/culture-heritage-and-language/culture-heritage/", "title": "Culture & Heritage", "publisher": "Métis National Council", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p211-s2", "url": "https://www.metisnation.ca/what-we-do/culture-heritage-and-language/", "title": "Culture Heritage & Language", "publisher": "Métis National Council", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 211, "added": false, "slug": "metis", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-SK", "name": "Saskatchewan", "key": "ca-sk" } ] }, { "name": "Metlakatla Indian Community, Annette Island Reserve", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Metlakatla Indian Community, Annette Island Reserve has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 911; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "metlakatla-indian-community-annette-island-reserve", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Miami", "region": "Great Lakes / Indiana / Oklahoma", "kind": "People", "overview": "Myaamia people have homelands in the Great Lakes and Miami river systems, with communities continuing in Indiana and Oklahoma.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Myaamia people have homelands in the Great Lakes and Miami river systems, with communities continuing in Indiana and Oklahoma.", "sourceIds": [ "p212-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "Many were forcibly removed from Indiana in 1846, later moving again from Kansas to Indian Territory.", "sourceIds": [ "p212-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "The Myaamia Center is a Miami Tribe of Oklahoma initiative supporting language, culture, knowledge, and education within a university partnership.", "sourceIds": [ "p212-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p212-s1", "url": "https://miamioh.edu/miami-tribe-relations/miami-community/history.html", "title": "History — Miami Tribe Relations", "publisher": "Miami University", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p212-s2", "url": "https://miami-oxford.org/centers-institutes/myaamia-center/about/", "title": "About the Myaamia Center", "publisher": "Myaamia Center", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 212, "preferredName": "Myaamia / Miami", "added": false, "slug": "miami", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains", "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "name": "Miami Tribe of Oklahoma", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Oklahoma", "overview": "Miami Tribe of Oklahoma has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "miami-tribe-of-oklahoma", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "name": "Miccosukee", "region": "Florida", "kind": "People / tribal nation", "overview": "The Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida is a distinct nation with deep relationships to southern Florida and the Everglades.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "The Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida is a distinct nation with deep relationships to southern Florida and the Everglades.", "sourceIds": [ "p213-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "The Tribe’s historical introduction follows experiences of migration, resistance, and political organization; it should be distinguished from neighboring Muscogee and Seminole histories.", "sourceIds": [ "p213-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "A 2024 agreement with NPS covers co-stewardship at Biscayne and Everglades, connecting historical land relationships with present management responsibilities.", "sourceIds": [ "p213-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p213-s1", "url": "https://miccosukee.com/miccosukee-tribe-history/", "title": "A Brief History of the Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida", "publisher": "Miccosukee Tribe", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p213-s2", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/bisc/learn/management/co-stewardship-miccosukee-tribe.htm", "title": "Co-Stewardship Agreement with the Miccosukee Tribe", "publisher": "National Park Service", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 340 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 213, "added": false, "slug": "miccosukee", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-FL", "name": "Florida", "key": "us-fl" } ] }, { "name": "Michipicoten First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — listing address only", "overview": "Michipicoten First Nation’s public history follows relationships with the Michipicoten River and the northeast shore of Lake Superior, repeated relocations and continuing community institutions. Its own history and Community Trust retrospective offer complementary starting routes.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. This is an organizational relationship; membership alone does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, citizenship, jurisdiction or representation of another named community.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "River connections and displacement", "text": "The First Nation’s public history describes the mouth of the Michipicoten River as a meeting and travel place. Its displacement account follows families through the river-mouth village, Half-Way and Green Acres before a return to a village on Gros Cap reserve. Keeping that sequence visible helps explain why community history extends beyond one administrative location. The account’s land grievances remain attributed to the Nation; the underlying surveys and title records require separate inspection.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-michipicoten-history" ] }, { "title": "A community trust and participation", "text": "The Community Trust’s2021 retrospective describes work begun in1997 to address several historical land claims together. It records consultation meetings with members on and away from the reserve before a2003 vote and trust arrangements. This gives readers a community institution’s account of participation and long-term planning. The retrospective is a route into further research, rather than a substitute for the actual agreements or a statement of present individual legal or financial entitlements.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-michipicoten-trust" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p6-michipicoten-history", "title": "History", "publisher": "Michipicoten First Nation", "url": "https://michipicoten.com/community/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community history", "Displacement", "Homelands" ], "annotation": "Read the complete public history, focusing on river connections and the Displacement section. The Nation’s account follows moves from the river-mouth village through Half-Way and Green Acres to Gros Cap. Historical labels and asserted land grievances remain attributed; underlying surveys, title records and every archaeological claim were not independently inspected. Current totals, sacred narratives and precise legal conclusions are excluded.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete public history, focusing on river connections and the Displacement section. The Nation’s account follows moves from the river-mouth village through Half-Way and Green Acres to Gros Cap. Historical labels and asserted land grievances remain attributed; underlying surveys, title records and every archaeological claim were not independently inspected. Current totals, sacred narratives and precise legal conclusions are excluded.", "accessNotes": "Substantial actual public article body read through the web reader; this is not an inspection of linked publications, photographs or underlying records. No login or reader paywall was encountered for the inspected text." }, { "id": "p6-michipicoten-trust", "title": "History of the Community Trust", "publisher": "Michipicoten First Nation Community Trust", "url": "https://mfnct.com/history-of-the-community-trust/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community institutions", "Land history", "Governance" ], "annotation": "Read the full public history, including member consultations and establishment of the trust following the Algoma-claims settlement. A2021 institutional retrospective with dated1996–2003 events, not the actual settlement agreement or current legal/financial advice. Logo/teachings, individual entitlements, exact monetary totals and claimed present outcomes are not imported.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Read the full public history, including member consultations and establishment of the trust following the Algoma-claims settlement. A2021 institutional retrospective with dated1996–2003 events, not the actual settlement agreement or current legal/financial advice. Logo/teachings, individual entitlements, exact monetary totals and claimed present outcomes are not imported.", "accessNotes": "Substantial actual public article body read through the web reader; this is not an inspection of linked publications, photographs or underlying records. No login or reader paywall was encountered for the inspected text.", "publicationDate": "2021-12-02" } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page 18 (zero-based 17), Northern Superior member-listing block: exact name and explicit ON address locality only. Parenthetical alternate name retained only where printed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "access": "Public PDF selectable text actually inspected; no account or subscription needed for this inspection", "selectedPages": [ 18 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 17 ], "selectedLines": "1839-1842", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections.", "Inspect original agreements, surveys and community records behind the selected histories.", "Seek more member-authored public accounts, language materials and evaluations of later community projects." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A small, purposefully selected actual-content starting path and specifically scoped credited image are now available. Fuller history, source comparison and community review remain open; quantity does not establish completion.", "remainingLimits": [ "Inspect original agreements, surveys and community records behind the selected histories.", "Seek more member-authored public accounts, language materials and evaluations of later community projects." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p6-michipicoten-history", "p6-michipicoten-trust" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; fuller history remains open", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-06", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "scopeNote": "A short starting path through selected actual-content works. Read each annotation for the specific community, period and inspection limits; this is not a complete history or community endorsement.", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p6-michipicoten-history", "reason": "Begin with the First Nation’s account of river connections and repeated displacement." }, { "sourceId": "p6-michipicoten-trust", "reason": "Continue with a community institution’s history of consultations and trust formation." } ], "imageRecordId": "c6-michipicoten-village" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Cohort06: selected actual-content sources and specifically scoped credited imagery form a bounded starting guide. Reused publications/photos are not new global works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "michipicoten-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "name": "Mi'kmaq", "region": "Atlantic Canada / northeastern United States", "kind": "People / nation", "overview": "Mi’kmaq histories connect coastal and inland places across Mi’kma’ki; seasonal routes linked lakes, rivers, and coastal resources.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and homelands", "text": "Mi’kmaq histories connect coastal and inland places across Mi’kma’ki; seasonal routes linked lakes, rivers, and coastal resources.", "sourceIds": [ "p214-s1" ] }, { "title": "Historical context", "text": "Parks Canada’s Kejimkujik account follows millennia of occupation and surviving camps, portages, weirs, and cultural landscapes.", "sourceIds": [ "p214-s1" ] }, { "title": "Living communities and further study", "text": "Mi’kmaw Kina’matnewey’s digital library provides community-produced language, storytelling, educational, and cultural resources for ongoing learning.", "sourceIds": [ "p214-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p214-s1", "url": "https://parks.canada.ca/pn-np/ns/kejimkujik/culture/autochtone-indigenous/mikmaq", "title": "A Mi’kmaw History", "publisher": "Parks Canada", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Institutional reading to place the entry in historical or linguistic context; read alongside community voices.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p214-s2", "url": "https://www.mikmawlibrary.ca/", "title": "Mi’kmaw Digital Resource Library", "publisher": "Mi’kmaw Kina’matnewey", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community-produced reading on identity, history, cultural continuity, and present-day priorities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "researched", "originalId": 214, "added": false, "slug": "mikmaq", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-ME", "name": "Maine", "key": "us-me" }, { "id": "CA-NS", "name": "Nova Scotia", "key": "ca-ns" }, { "id": "CA-PE", "name": "Prince Edward Island", "key": "ca-pe" } ] }, { "name": "Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Minnesota", "overview": "The Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe is a distinct Ojibwe government in Minnesota. The Band’s historical overview, treaty explanation and illustrated Non-Removable Guide provide a community-authored introduction to its relationship with the Mille Lacs region. They connect migration accounts and seasonal food practices with treaties, removal pressure, land loss and the continuing assertion of self-government.", "relationshipNote": "MnDOT explicitly places this individual Minnesota government under its Ojibwe Tribal Nation grouping. It remains a separate government; the broader Ojibwe directory route is related reading, not a substitute identity.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Community history and persistence", "text": "The Band’s public history traces its relationship to the Mille Lacs region and describes dispossession, boarding schools and the rebuilding of government. The inspected pages of the Non-Removable Guide place a community migration account and seasonal subsistence history alongside the Sandy Lake tragedy, removal pressure in the 1860s and later allotment. Read these publications as situated Band accounts rather than a single narrative for all Ojibwe governments. The guide is an illustrated introduction; only pages 2–5 were inspected, and the linked book-length Social History was not opened in the earlier review.", "sourceIds": [ "p265-s4", "p265-s6" ] }, { "title": "Treaties and the Band’s reading of retained rights", "text": "The Band’s treaty page distinguishes the 1837 land cession and retained hunting, fishing and gathering rights from the 1855 treaty establishing its reservation. It explains the Band’s account of federal litigation in the 1990s, the 1999 Supreme Court result and subsequent conservation-code practice. This makes a useful reading sequence from a treaty-era claim to later governmental action. Its legal summaries remain the Band’s interpretation and are not substituted for the actual treaty texts or reported opinions. The museum exterior accompanying this profile identifies a place devoted specifically to Mille Lacs Band history; no exhibit objects or design motifs are reproduced separately.", "sourceIds": [ "p265-s5" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p265-s4", "title": "History — Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe", "author": "Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe", "publisher": "Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe", "url": "https://millelacsband.com/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Tribal government historical overview", "topics": [ "Mille Lacs Band", "Minnesota Ojibwe", "Treaties", "Government" ], "publicationDate": "Undated web page; page includes current institutional material", "annotation": "The Band’s own account traces its relationship to the Mille Lacs region, the 1837 and 1855 treaties, dispossession and later reconstruction of tribal government. This is a situated community history; broad legal summaries and undated population claims are not used as independently verified facts.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete History and Recognition of Self Government sections (page lines 87–113). The linked Social History of the Mille Lacs Band (1640–1993) was not opened or counted.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p265-s5", "title": "Treaties — Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe", "author": "Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe", "publisher": "Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe", "url": "https://millelacsband.com/home/treaties", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Tribal government explanation of treaty history and present treaty-related practice", "topics": [ "Treaty of 1837", "Treaty of 1855", "Mille Lacs Band", "Ceded territory" ], "publicationDate": "Undated web page", "annotation": "This Band-authored reading explains its understanding of the 1837 ceded territory and retained hunting, fishing and gathering rights, and describes the 1994–1999 litigation and later conservation code. The Band’s legal interpretation is identified as its own account; the page is not a substitute for the treaty text or court opinions.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete Treaty of 1837, Treaty of 1855 and Today sections (lines 51–76), including the Band’s account of the federal-court and Supreme Court proceedings.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p265-s6", "title": "The Non-Removable Guide — Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe", "author": "Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe", "publisher": "Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe", "url": "https://www.millelacsband.com/media/pages/home/a55d55394a-1664549679/non-removable-guide.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Community-produced illustrated historical and cultural guide", "topics": [ "Mille Lacs Band", "Migration history", "Treaties", "Sandy Lake", "Removal and allotment" ], "publicationDate": "Undated PDF; no publication date established from the inspected pages", "annotation": "The guide connects an Ojibwe migration account, seasonal food practices, treaties, the Sandy Lake tragedy, removal pressure, boarding schools and Band persistence. Claims and remembered history are presented as the Band’s account; this guide is related to the Band’s website history but is a separate illustrated publication.", "contentReviewScope": "Inspected PDF pages 2–5 (PDF lines 28–141): values, migration and subsistence narrative, treaty summary, Sandy Lake account, 1863–64 non-removal history, allotment and boarding-school discussion. Other pages were not reviewed. Treaty details were not independently checked against full primary records in this pass.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.dot.state.mn.us/mntribes/mntribes.html", "publisher": "Minnesota Department of Transportation", "scope": "Actual Tribal Nations in Minnesota page, lines22–74: eleven individually listed governments, explicitly grouped under seven Ojibwe and four Dakota nations. Separate-sovereign-government wording read; linked sheets and tribal destinations were not content-reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 265 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Inspect the actual 1837 and 1855 treaties and reported judicial opinions before expanding legal conclusions.", "Read the linked Social History and additional pages of the Non-Removable Guide as separate, explicitly scoped tasks.", "Add direct public language resources, named community voices and a dated account of present priorities." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Adequate initial introduction", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "Useful within the disclosed source and image scopes as a starting profile; no fixed source minimum or comprehensive completion claim.", "remainingLimits": [ "Inspect the actual 1837 and 1855 treaties and reported judicial opinions before expanding legal conclusions.", "Read the linked Social History and additional pages of the Non-Removable Guide as separate, explicitly scoped tasks.", "Add direct public language resources, named community voices and a dated account of present priorities." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p265-s4", "p265-s6" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Community-specific starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "p265-s4", "copiedFromOriginalId": 265, "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "originalContentReviewScope": "Read the complete History and Recognition of Self Government sections (page lines 87–113). The linked Social History of the Mille Lacs Band (1640–1993) was not opened or counted.", "sourceObjectUnmodified": true, "newOriginalSourceReviewCount": 0, "accessNote": "Public web page or PDF at the recorded original review; existing review/access dates are retained. This package does not claim a fresh full-source access audit.", "perspective": "Indigenous-led", "limits": "Read the complete History and Recognition of Self Government sections (page lines 87–113). The linked Social History of the Mille Lacs Band (1640–1993) was not opened or counted." }, { "sourceId": "p265-s5", "copiedFromOriginalId": 265, "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "originalContentReviewScope": "Read the complete Treaty of 1837, Treaty of 1855 and Today sections (lines 51–76), including the Band’s account of the federal-court and Supreme Court proceedings.", "sourceObjectUnmodified": true, "newOriginalSourceReviewCount": 0, "accessNote": "Public web page or PDF at the recorded original review; existing review/access dates are retained. This package does not claim a fresh full-source access audit.", "perspective": "Indigenous-led", "limits": "Read the complete Treaty of 1837, Treaty of 1855 and Today sections (lines 51–76), including the Band’s account of the federal-court and Supreme Court proceedings." }, { "sourceId": "p265-s6", "copiedFromOriginalId": 265, "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "originalContentReviewScope": "Inspected PDF pages 2–5 (PDF lines 28–141): values, migration and subsistence narrative, treaty summary, Sandy Lake account, 1863–64 non-removal history, allotment and boarding-school discussion. Other pages were not reviewed. Treaty details were not independently checked against full primary records in this pass.", "sourceObjectUnmodified": true, "newOriginalSourceReviewCount": 0, "accessNote": "Public web page or PDF at the recorded original review; existing review/access dates are retained. This package does not claim a fresh full-source access audit.", "perspective": "Indigenous-led", "limits": "Inspected PDF pages 2–5 (PDF lines 28–141): values, migration and subsistence narrative, treaty summary, Sandy Lake account, 1863–64 non-removal history, allotment and boarding-school discussion. Other pages were not reviewed. Treaty details were not independently checked against full primary records in this pass." } ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-02", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p265-s4", "reason": "Begin with the Band’s public history for the community and institutional chronology." }, { "sourceId": "p265-s5", "reason": "Continue with the Band’s treaty explanation, keeping the 1837 and 1855 instruments distinct." }, { "sourceId": "p265-s6", "reason": "Use the inspected pages of the illustrated guide for an attributed migration, foodways and non-removal account." } ], "scopeNote": "A community-specific starting profile assembled from selected actual-content sources, retaining their earlier inspection dates and exact scopes. The wider Ojibwe profile is related reading, not a substitute government or a claim of equal coverage.", "reviewRationale": "A few useful community-specific publications provide a bounded point of entry while the explicit remaining questions stay open.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Inspect the actual 1837 and 1855 treaties and reported judicial opinions before expanding legal conclusions.", "Read the linked Social History and additional pages of the Non-Removable Guide as separate, explicitly scoped tasks.", "Add direct public language resources, named community voices and a dated account of present priorities." ], "imageRecordId": "mille-lacs-museum", "reviewBasis": "Source selection and synthesis checked against existing actual-content source records and retained research notes. Only the listed records are reused. New photograph identification, item rights and complete delivered image frames were inspected on 2026-10-27. No fresh full-source review or exhaustive completion is claimed.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false }, "evidenceNotes": [ "A community-specific starting guide reuses selected earlier actual-content reviews with their original dates/scopes. It does not add new global works merely because a URL appears on this route. Picture identification/rights are separate from historical adequacy or community endorsement." ], "slug": "mille-lacs-band-of-ojibwe", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MN", "name": "Minnesota", "key": "us-mn" } ] }, { "originalId": 215, "name": "Mingo", "region": "Great Lakes / Ohio Valley / Oklahoma", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Mingo is a historical name used in the Ohio Valley, with relationships to Haudenosaunee-descended communities and later Seneca-Cayuga histories.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Mingo is a historical name used in the Ohio Valley, with relationships to Haudenosaunee-descended communities and later Seneca-Cayuga histories.", "sourceIds": [ "p215-map-review-20261021" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Changing uses of Mingo, community self-designation and removal. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p215-s1", "p215-map-review-20261021" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p215-s1", "title": "Homepage | Seneca-Cayuga Nation", "url": "https://sctribe.com/", "publisher": "sctribe.com", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p215-map-review-20261021", "title": "Mingo", "publisher": "West Virginia Humanities Council, e-WV", "url": "https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/entries/1771", "type": "Supporting geographic reference", "topics": [ "Historical geography", "Source review" ], "annotation": "The article directly connects people described historically as Mingo with conflicts involving West Virginia settlements. It locates many participants' home villages in Pennsylvania or Ohio and explains the label's mixed, changing use. The link therefore records historical activity involving this region, not a resident Mingo state-wide homeland or a present single government. Inspection: Full short article, especially the paragraph on West Virginia settlements and discussion of the historical name.", "contentReviewScope": "Full short article, especially the paragraph on West Virginia settlements and discussion of the historical name.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 341, 44 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "researchGaps": [ "Source fit correction: an unrelated older link was removed and archived. The geographic excerpt supports an initial route, not a full profile or adequate source collection." ], "evidenceNotes": [ "Review dated October 21, 2026; no profile depth or adequacy promotion." ], "added": false, "slug": "mingo", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains", "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WV", "name": "West Virginia", "key": "us-wv" } ] }, { "name": "Mississauga #8 First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — Lake Huron region member listing", "overview": "Mississauga #8 First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. Membership alone is not treated as proof of Ojibwe, Anishinaabe or other ethnic identity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page18 (zero-based17): named member entry with Ontario address; parenthetical name retained only where explicit.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "mississauga-8-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "name": "Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — listing address only", "overview": "Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. This is an organizational relationship; membership alone does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, citizenship, jurisdiction or representation of another named community.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page 18 (zero-based 17), Southeast member-listing block: exact name and explicit ON address locality only. Parenthetical alternate name retained only where printed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "access": "Public PDF selectable text actually inspected; no account or subscription needed for this inspection", "selectedPages": [ 18 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 17 ], "selectedLines": "1906-1908", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "mississaugas-of-scugog-island-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "originalId": 216, "name": "Miwok", "region": "California", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Miwok is a wider label for distinct peoples and languages in California. Coast, Bay, Plains and Sierra histories need separate attention.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Miwok is a wider label for distinct peoples and languages in California. Coast, Bay, Plains and Sierra histories need separate attention.", "sourceIds": [ "p216-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Local identities, language distinctions and contemporary tribal communities. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p216-s1", "p216-s2", "p216-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p216-s1", "title": "About – California Valley Miwok Tribe", "publisher": "cvmt-nsn.gov", "url": "https://cvmt-nsn.gov/about/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “About – California Valley Miwok Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p216-s2", "title": "ETHNOHISTORY AND ETHNOGEOGRAPHY OF THE COAST MIWOK AND THEIR NEIGHBORS, 1783-1840", "publisher": "nps.gov", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/goga/learn/historyculture/upload/2009-final-coast-miwok-report.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “ETHNOHISTORY AND ETHNOGEOGRAPHY OF THE COAST MIWOK AND THEIR NEIGHBORS, 1783-1840” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p216-s3", "title": "Plains Miwok", "publisher": "cla.berkeley.edu", "url": "https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/plains-miwok.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Plains Miwok” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 297, 301 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "miwok", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 217, "name": "Mixe", "region": "Mexico / Oaxaca", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Mixe people have communities in Oaxaca and diaspora communities. Ayuujk-related names appear in community and language sources.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Mixe people have communities in Oaxaca and diaspora communities. Ayuujk-related names appear in community and language sources.", "sourceIds": [ "p217-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Self-designation, language diversity and community organization. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p217-s1", "p217-s2", "p217-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p217-s1", "title": "Anyukojm-Totontepec. Historia y cultura mixe.", "publisher": "inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inpi.gob.mx/gobmx-2023/Libro-Anyukojm-Totontepec-Historia-y-cultura-mixe-INPI.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Anyukojm-Totontepec. Historia y cultura mixe.” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p217-s2", "title": "Aprende mixe", "publisher": "inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inpi.gob.mx/appmixe/escena8-home.html", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Aprende mixe” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p217-s3", "title": "Mixe medio del este o ayuuk – Gobierno de México", "publisher": "reformaindigenatraduccion.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://reformaindigenatraduccion.inpi.gob.mx/documentos/mixe-ayuujk/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Mixe medio del este o ayuuk – Gobierno de México” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "mixe", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 218, "name": "Mixtec", "region": "Mexico / Oaxaca / Guerrero / Puebla", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Mixtec refers to diverse Ñuu Savi communities and languages, rather than a single uniform community.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Mixtec refers to diverse Ñuu Savi communities and languages, rather than a single uniform community.", "sourceIds": [ "p218-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Local language varieties, migration and community-authored history. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p218-s1", "p218-s2", "p218-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p218-s1", "title": "Mixtecos - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/mixtecos-etnografia/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Mixtecos - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p218-s2", "title": "Inauguración del camino rural San Antonio Sinicahua y diálogo con el pueblo mixteco – Diálogo con los Pueblos Indígenas | Gobierno de México", "publisher": "inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inpi.gob.mx/dialogos/inauguracion-del-camino-rural-san-antonio-sinicahua-y-dialogo-con-el-pueblo-mixteco/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Inauguración del camino rural San Antonio Sinicahua y diálogo con el pueblo mixteco – Diálogo con los Pueblos Indígenas | Gobierno de México” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p218-s3", "title": "Diálogo con los pueblos amuzgo (ñomndaa) y mixteco (ñu’uu savi). Xochistlahuaca, Guerrero. – Diálogo con los Pueblos Indígenas | Gobierno de México", "publisher": "inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inpi.gob.mx/dialogos/dialogo-con-los-pueblos-amuzgo-nomndaa-y-mixteco-nuuu-savi/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Diálogo con los pueblos amuzgo (ñomndaa) y mixteco (ñu’uu savi). Xochistlahuaca, Guerrero. – Diálogo con los Pueblos Indígenas | Gobierno de México” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "mixtec", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "Moapa Band of Paiute Indians of the Moapa River Indian Reservation, Nevada", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Nevada", "overview": "Moapa Band of Paiute Indians of the Moapa River Indian Reservation, Nevada has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "moapa-band-of-paiute-indians-of-the-moapa-river-indian-reservation-nevada", "regionGroups": [ "Great Basin" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NV", "name": "Nevada", "key": "us-nv" } ] }, { "originalId": 219, "name": "Mobile", "region": "Southeast / Gulf Coast", "kind": "Historical people / name", "overview": "Mobile is a historical people name of the Gulf Coast region. It should be distinguished from the later city name.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Mobile is a historical people name of the Gulf Coast region. It should be distinguished from the later city name.", "sourceIds": [ "p219-map-review-20261021" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Colonial records, migrations and relationships with neighboring communities. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p219-map-review-20261021", "p219-s2", "p219-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p219-s2", "title": "Old Ways New Days Part I|History Museum of Mobile", "publisher": "museumofmobile.com", "url": "https://www.museumofmobile.com/old-ways-new-days-part-i", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Old Ways New Days Part I|History Museum of Mobile” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p219-s3", "title": "Old Mobile Site - National Historic Landmarks (U.S. National Park Service)", "publisher": "nps.gov", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalhistoriclandmarks/old-mobile-site.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Old Mobile Site - National Historic Landmarks (U.S. National Park Service)” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p219-map-review-20261021", "title": "John J. Gurner — French in Alabama: 1699–1763 (Encyclopedia of Alabama)", "publisher": "See original publisher", "url": "https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/french-in-alabama-1699-1763/", "type": "Supporting geographic reference", "topics": [ "Historical geography", "Source review" ], "annotation": "The account identifies Mobile among Indigenous peoples of the Mobile Bay area in 1702 and separately describes the French settlement near a Mobilian village. This supplies an Alabama historical connection through explicit people/village evidence, rather than through the later city name alone. Inspection: Actual geography/context and settlement paragraphs, HTML lines 70–88, plus named Mobile people passage at line 95 and author/date credit at 151–161 inspected. Limits: Mobile people, the colonial town and the modern city are distinct referents. This does not establish present government continuity, a census or equivalence with all speakers of Mobilian trade language.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual geography/context and settlement paragraphs, HTML lines 70–88, plus named Mobile people passage at line 95 and author/date credit at 151–161 inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "researchGaps": [ "Source fit correction: an unrelated older link was removed and archived. The geographic excerpt supports an initial route, not a full profile or adequate source collection." ], "evidenceNotes": [ "Review dated October 21, 2026; no profile depth or adequacy promotion." ], "added": false, "slug": "mobile", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AL", "name": "Alabama", "key": "us-al" } ] }, { "originalId": 220, "name": "Modoc", "region": "Pacific Northwest / California / Oregon / Oklahoma", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Modoc people have homelands in the California–Oregon borderlands, with continuing communities in the West and Oklahoma.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Modoc people have homelands in the California–Oregon borderlands, with continuing communities in the West and Oklahoma.", "sourceIds": [ "p220-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Modoc perspectives, war and displacement, language and contemporary governments. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p220-s1", "p220-s2", "p220-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p220-s1", "title": "History - Modoc Nation", "publisher": "modocnation.com", "url": "https://modocnation.com/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History - Modoc Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p220-s2", "title": "Modoc Nation Index Page", "publisher": "modoc-nation.org", "url": "https://www.modoc-nation.org/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Modoc Nation Index Page” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p220-s3", "title": "CONSTITUTION OF THE MODOC NATION", "publisher": "modocnation.com", "url": "https://modocnation.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Constitution-2020.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “CONSTITUTION OF THE MODOC NATION” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "modoc", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest", "California", "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" } ] }, { "originalId": 221, "name": "Mohawk", "region": "Northeast / Haudenosaunee", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Mohawk, also described through Kanien’kehá:ka, is one of the Haudenosaunee nations with multiple distinct communities.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Mohawk, also described through Kanien’kehá:ka, is one of the Haudenosaunee nations with multiple distinct communities.", "sourceIds": [ "p221-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community governments, language and cross-border homelands. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p221-s1", "p221-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p221-s1", "title": "Mohawks (Kanien’kehà:ka) | Gouvernement du Québec", "publisher": "quebec.ca", "url": "https://www.quebec.ca/gouvernement/portrait-quebec/premieres-nations-inuits/profil-des-nations/mohawks", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Mohawks (Kanien’kehà:ka) | Gouvernement du Québec” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p221-s2", "title": "Mohawk (Kanien’kehà:ka) | Gouvernement du Québec", "publisher": "quebec.ca", "url": "https://www.quebec.ca/en/government/quebec-at-a-glance/first-nations-and-inuit/profile-of-the-nations/mohawks", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Mohawk (Kanien’kehà:ka) | Gouvernement du Québec” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 44, 268, 269, 341, 411 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "mohawk", "regionGroups": [ "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-QC", "name": "Quebec", "key": "ca-qc" } ] }, { "originalId": 222, "name": "Mohegan", "region": "Northeast / Connecticut", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Mohegan Tribe is a contemporary nation in Connecticut. Mohegan and Mohican are distinct identities.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Mohegan Tribe is a contemporary nation in Connecticut. Mohegan and Mohican are distinct identities.", "sourceIds": [ "p222-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Mohegan-authored histories, language reclamation and contemporary government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p222-s1", "p222-s2", "p222-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p222-s1", "title": "Oral Traditions | CT Native American Stories | The Mohegan Tribe", "publisher": "mohegan.nsn.us", "url": "https://www.mohegan.nsn.us/about/our-tribal-history/oral-traditions", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Oral Traditions | CT Native American Stories | The Mohegan Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p222-s2", "title": "Our Company History | Mohegan", "publisher": "mohegangaming.com", "url": "https://mohegangaming.com/our-company/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Our Company History | Mohegan” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p222-s3", "title": "Mohegan Videos | CT Native American Culture | The Mohegan Tribe", "publisher": "mohegan.nsn.us", "url": "https://www.mohegan.nsn.us/explore/video/mohegan-moments", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Mohegan Videos | CT Native American Culture | The Mohegan Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 223 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "mohegan", "regionGroups": [ "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CT", "name": "Connecticut", "key": "us-ct" } ] }, { "originalId": 223, "name": "Mohican", "region": "Northeast / Wisconsin", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "This Mohican reading route begins with history written and revised by the Stockbridge-Munsee community and a Tribe-curated exhibition in its eastern homelands. The sources connect repeated movement with continuing cultural and political life. Keep the broader historical name, the present Stockbridge-Munsee government and other peoples with similar names distinct.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Mohican histories connect the Hudson Valley with continuing communities, including the Stockbridge-Munsee Community in Wisconsin.", "sourceIds": [ "p223-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Muhheconneok naming, migration, land and contemporary community accounts. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p223-s1", "p223-s2", "p223-s3" ] }, { "title": "Following a community-authored history", "text": "Dorothy Davids’s brief history, revised by the Stockbridge-Munsee Historical Committee in 2017, follows movement from eastern homelands to Wisconsin and the rebuilding of community institutions. The selected pages describe Munsee relatives joining the community and the development of the Stockbridge-Munsee name. This is a community historical account with a stated revision history; it is not a complete genealogy or a substitute for the original records it discusses.", "sourceIds": [ "c5-stockbridge-davids-history2017" ] }, { "title": "A return through public interpretation", "text": "The Trustees’ account of the 2021–2022 Mohican Miles exhibition describes Tribal curation using the Arvid E. Miller Memorial Library Museum’s archives. The exhibition occupied the separate Carriage House behind the Mission House in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. This offers an example of the community shaping public history in its homelands. The dated exhibition notice does not establish current opening, access to every object or a later agreement’s implementation.", "sourceIds": [ "c5-stockbridge-mohican-miles2021" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p223-s1", "title": "Mohican Miles | Stockbridge-Munsee Band of Mohicans", "publisher": "mohican.com", "url": "https://www.mohican.com/mohican-miles/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Mohican Miles | Stockbridge-Munsee Band of Mohicans” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p223-s2", "title": "Stockbridge-Munsee Band of Mohican Indians | Stockbridge-Munsee Band of Mohicans", "publisher": "mohican.com", "url": "https://www.mohican.com/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Stockbridge-Munsee Band of Mohican Indians | Stockbridge-Munsee Band of Mohicans” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p223-s3", "title": "OUR TRIBEare very closely related kin of Mohican people historically, and after the pressures of colonization many Munsee", "publisher": "mohican-nsn.gov", "url": "https://mohican-nsn.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/smc_infosheet.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “OUR TRIBEare very closely related kin of Mohican people historically, and after the pressures of colonization many Munsee” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "c5-stockbridge-davids-history2017", "title": "A Brief History of the Mohican Nation: The Stockbridge-Munsee Band — selected pages", "publisher": "Stockbridge-Munsee Community / Historical Committee", "url": "https://mohican-nsn.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2017breif-history-1.pdf", "type": "Community-authored historical booklet", "topics": [ "history", "migration", "community continuity" ], "annotation": "Dorothy Davids’s community history, revised by the Historical Committee in 2017, connects repeated moves with the formation and rebuilding of the Stockbridge-Munsee community in Wisconsin.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Physical PDF pages 2-3,7 and 10 visually read, including title/acknowledgments and printed pages 4 and 7. The historical migration and rebuilding passages were compared with selectable text because the multi-column extraction interleaves columns. Other pages, maps, bibliography works, original treaty texts and present acreage/population were not reviewed or adopted. The booklet’s mistaken 1832 date for the Indian Removal Act is not repeated.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "access": "Public full text; no account or subscription used. Inspection is limited to the stated body/pages.", "author": "Dorothy Davids;2017 revisions by the Stockbridge-Munsee Historical Committee", "publicationDate": "2017" }, { "id": "c5-stockbridge-mohican-miles2021", "title": "Mohican Miles — past exhibition", "publisher": "The Trustees of Reservations, exhibition host", "url": "https://thetrustees.org/exhibit/mohican-miles/", "type": "Exhibition host’s collaboration account", "topics": [ "public history", "homelands", "community curation" ], "annotation": "The host describes a Tribe-curated exhibition drawn from the Library/Museum’s archives at the Mission House property in Massachusetts. It supplies a concrete link between the Wisconsin community and public history in its homelands.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Full past-exhibition body read, including 2021-2022 dates, Tribal curation, the separate Carriage House behind the Mission House and the described agreement. Current opening, extension or future access were not established. Exhibition objects, their rights and repatriation records were not inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "access": "Public full text; no account or subscription used. Inspection is limited to the stated body/pages.", "author": "The Trustees of Reservations", "publicationDate": "2021-2022" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 222 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "overviewSourceIds": [ "c5-stockbridge-davids-history2017", "c5-stockbridge-mohican-miles2021" ], "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; fuller history remains open", "researchGaps": [ "Deepen community-authored Mohican history before and beyond the selected migration narrative.", "Compare original records and additional Munsee accounts; a combined government does not make all related peoples interchangeable.", "Follow later public-history projects through community evaluations and dated access information." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A small, purposefully selected actual-content starting path and specifically scoped credited image are now available. Fuller history, source comparison and community review remain open; quantity does not establish completion.", "remainingLimits": [ "Deepen community-authored Mohican history before and beyond the selected migration narrative.", "Compare original records and additional Munsee accounts; a combined government does not make all related peoples interchangeable.", "Follow later public-history projects through community evaluations and dated access information." ] }, "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-06", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "scopeNote": "A short starting path through selected actual-content works. Read each annotation for the specific community, period and inspection limits; this is not a complete history or community endorsement.", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c5-stockbridge-davids-history2017", "reason": "Start with selected pages of the community-authored historical booklet." }, { "sourceId": "c5-stockbridge-mohican-miles2021", "reason": "See a specific Tribe-curated public-history project in the eastern homelands." } ], "imageRecordId": "c6-mohican-mission-house" }, "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "profile": "stockbridgemunsee-band-of-mohican-indians", "sourceIds": [ "c5-stockbridge-davids-history2017", "c5-stockbridge-mohican-miles2021" ], "note": "Original scope/dates preserved. Root rechecked the selected localPDFpages and the complete host exhibition body; reused works are not new globally distinct publications." } ], "evidenceNotes": [ "Cohort06: selected actual-content sources and specifically scoped credited imagery form a bounded starting guide. Reused publications/photos are not new global works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "added": false, "slug": "mohican", "regionGroups": [ "Great Lakes", "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WI", "name": "Wisconsin", "key": "us-wi" } ] }, { "originalId": 224, "name": "Mojave", "region": "Southwest / Colorado River", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Mojave and Mohave are spellings used in sources concerning a people of the Colorado River region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Mojave and Mohave are spellings used in sources concerning a people of the Colorado River region.", "sourceIds": [ "p224-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Aha Macav self-designation, language and distinct contemporary governments. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p224-s1", "p224-s2", "p224-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p224-s1", "title": "Fort Mojave Building Department – Official Tribal Website", "url": "https://www.fortmojaveindiantribe.com/tribal-departments/fort-mojave-building-department/", "publisher": "fortmojaveindiantribe.com", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p224-s2", "title": "About Us | Fort Mojave Indian Tribe", "publisher": "mojaveindiantribe.com", "url": "https://mojaveindiantribe.com/about/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “About Us | Fort Mojave Indian Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p224-s3", "title": "Railroads – MTM", "publisher": "mojavemuseum.org", "url": "https://mojavemuseum.org/history/railroads/", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Railroads – MTM” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "mojave", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AZ", "name": "Arizona", "key": "us-az" }, { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 225, "name": "Molala", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Oregon", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Molala is a people and language name in western Oregon. Historical accounts should connect with contemporary descendant communities.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Molala is a people and language name in western Oregon. Historical accounts should connect with contemporary descendant communities.", "sourceIds": [ "p225-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language documentation, removal and Grand Ronde relationships. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p225-s1", "p225-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p225-s1", "title": "Molala Kate Chantal (1844?-1938)", "publisher": "oregonencyclopedia.org", "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/molalla_kate/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Molala Kate Chantal (1844?-1938)” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p225-s2", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Molala", "publisher": "public-inspection.federalregister.gov", "url": "https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2019-08228.pdf?1556023527=", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Molala” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 153 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "molala", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" } ] }, { "originalId": 226, "name": "Monacan", "region": "Southeast / Virginia", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Monacan Indian Nation has enduring relationships with Virginia’s Piedmont.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Monacan Indian Nation has enduring relationships with Virginia’s Piedmont.", "sourceIds": [ "p226-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Monacan-authored history, language context and contemporary community institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p226-s1", "p226-s2", "p226-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p226-s1", "title": "Our History - MONACAN INDIAN NATION", "publisher": "monacannation.gov", "url": "https://www.monacannation.gov/our-history.html", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Our History - MONACAN INDIAN NATION” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p226-s2", "title": "Monacan Indian Nation | Virginia Department of Education", "publisher": "doe.virginia.gov", "url": "https://www.doe.virginia.gov/teaching-learning-assessment/k-12-standards-instruction/history-and-social-science/virginia-s-first-people-past-and-present/today/monacan-indian-nation", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Monacan Indian Nation | Virginia Department of Education” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p226-s3", "title": "Step Back in Time - MONACAN INDIAN NATION", "publisher": "monacannation.gov", "url": "https://www.monacannation.gov/step-back-in-time.html", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Step Back in Time - MONACAN INDIAN NATION” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "monacan", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-VA", "name": "Virginia", "key": "us-va" } ] }, { "originalId": 227, "name": "Mono", "region": "California / Great Basin", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Mono is a broad name encompassing communities with distinct regional histories in the Sierra Nevada and neighboring Great Basin.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Mono is a broad name encompassing communities with distinct regional histories in the Sierra Nevada and neighboring Great Basin.", "sourceIds": [ "p227-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Western and Eastern Mono terminology, language and individual communities. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p227-s1", "p227-s2", "p227-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p227-s1", "title": "Timeline – North Fork Rancheria of Mono Indians of California", "publisher": "northforkrancheria-nsn.gov", "url": "https://northforkrancheria-nsn.gov/our-people/history/timeline/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Timeline – North Fork Rancheria of Mono Indians of California” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p227-s2", "title": "History – North Fork Rancheria of Mono Indians of California", "publisher": "northforkrancheria-nsn.gov", "url": "https://northforkrancheria-nsn.gov/our-people/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History – North Fork Rancheria of Mono Indians of California” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p227-s3", "title": "Mono", "publisher": "cla.berkeley.edu", "url": "https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/mono.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Mono” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "mono", "regionGroups": [ "California", "Great Basin" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 228, "name": "Montaukett", "region": "Northeast / Long Island", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Montaukett history concerns Indigenous communities of eastern Long Island and continuing descendants.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Montaukett history concerns Indigenous communities of eastern Long Island and continuing descendants.", "sourceIds": [ "p228-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-authored history, land, colonial records and political continuity. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p228-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p228-s1", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Montaukett", "publisher": "ehamptonny.gov", "url": "https://www.ehamptonny.gov/ArchiveCenter/ViewFile/Item/142", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Montaukett” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "montaukett", "regionGroups": [ "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NY", "name": "New York", "key": "us-ny" } ] }, { "name": "Moose Deer Point First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — listing address only", "overview": "Moose Deer Point First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. This is an organizational relationship; membership alone does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, citizenship, jurisdiction or representation of another named community.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page 18 (zero-based 17), Southeast member-listing block: exact name and explicit ON address locality only. Parenthetical alternate name retained only where printed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "access": "Public PDF selectable text actually inspected; no account or subscription needed for this inspection", "selectedPages": [ 18 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 17 ], "selectedLines": "1912-1915", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "moose-deer-point-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "originalId": 229, "name": "Mopan Maya", "region": "Central America / Belize / Guatemala", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Mopan Maya communities have homelands in Belize and Guatemala.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Mopan Maya communities have homelands in Belize and Guatemala.", "sourceIds": [ "p229-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Mopan language, local histories, contemporary education and the wider Maya context. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p229-s1", "p229-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p229-s1", "title": "Glottolog 5.3 - Mopan", "publisher": "glottolog.org", "url": "https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/mopa1243", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Glottolog 5.3 - Mopan” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p229-s2", "title": "1. Description", "publisher": "dice.missouri.edu", "url": "https://dice.missouri.edu/assets/docs/mayan/Mopan.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “1. Description” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 202 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "mopan-maya", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "BZ", "name": "Belize", "key": "bz" }, { "id": "GT", "name": "Guatemala", "key": "gt" } ] }, { "originalId": 230, "name": "Muckleshoot", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Washington", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Muckleshoot Indian Tribe has homelands in the Puget Sound region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Muckleshoot Indian Tribe has homelands in the Puget Sound region.", "sourceIds": [ "p230-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: River communities, treaty histories, language and contemporary government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p230-s1", "p230-s2", "p230-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p230-s1", "title": "Muckleshoot History", "publisher": "muckleshoot.nsn.us", "url": "https://www.muckleshoot.nsn.us/history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Muckleshoot History” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p230-s2", "title": "Muckleshoot Tribal Lands & Acknowledgement", "publisher": "muckleshoot.nsn.us", "url": "https://www.muckleshoot.nsn.us/tribal-lands", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Muckleshoot Tribal Lands & Acknowledgement” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p230-s3", "title": "Image 1 of Constitution and Bylaws for the Muckleshoot Indian Tribe of the Muckleshoot Reservation, Washington. Approved May 13, 1936 | Library of Congress", "publisher": "loc.gov", "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/law.36026669/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Image 1 of Constitution and Bylaws for the Muckleshoot Indian Tribe of the Muckleshoot Reservation, Washington. Approved May 13, 1936 | Library of Congress” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "muckleshoot", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "originalId": 231, "name": "Munsee", "region": "Northeast / Canada / United States", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Munsee is associated with Lenape communities and a distinct language tradition. Community and linguistic usage need distinction.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Munsee is associated with Lenape communities and a distinct language tradition. Community and linguistic usage need distinction.", "sourceIds": [ "p231-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Munsee language, migrations and individual Lenape governments. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p231-s1", "p231-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p231-s1", "title": "Stockbridge-Munsee Band of Mohican Indians | Stockbridge-Munsee Band of Mohicans", "url": "https://www.mohican.com/", "publisher": "mohican.com", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p231-s2", "title": "The Stockbridge-Munsee Community Band of Mohicans in Williamstown", "publisher": "mohican-nsn.gov", "url": "https://mohican-nsn.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/the-stockbridge-munsee-community-band-of-mohicans-in-williamstown-1.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “The Stockbridge-Munsee Community Band of Mohicans in Williamstown” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 182, 97 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "munsee", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "name": "Munsee Delaware Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — listing address only", "overview": "Munsee Delaware Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. This is an organizational relationship; membership alone does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, citizenship, jurisdiction or representation of another named community.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page 18 (zero-based 17), Southwest member-listing block: exact name and explicit ON address locality only. Parenthetical alternate name retained only where printed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "access": "Public PDF selectable text actually inspected; no account or subscription needed for this inspection", "selectedPages": [ 18 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 17 ], "selectedLines": "1937-1939", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "munsee-delaware-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "originalId": 232, "name": "Muscogee (Creek)", "region": "Southeast / Oklahoma", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Muscogee, also known as Creek, includes distinct town histories and contemporary communities. The Muscogee Nation is one contemporary government.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Muscogee, also known as Creek, includes distinct town histories and contemporary communities. The Muscogee Nation is one contemporary government.", "sourceIds": [ "p232-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Muscogee-authored history, town organization, removal and Mvskoke language. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p232-s1", "p232-s2", "p232-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p232-s1", "title": "The Muscogee (Creek) Nation Today Site Bulletin", "publisher": "nps.gov", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/ocmu/learn/historyculture/upload/Accessible-Muscogee-Creek-Nation-Today.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “The Muscogee (Creek) Nation Today Site Bulletin” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p232-s2", "title": "Muscogee Nation - Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)", "publisher": "nps.gov", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/ocmu/learn/historyculture/the-muscogee-nation.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Muscogee Nation - Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p232-s3", "title": "Muscogee (Creek) Indians - New Georgia Encyclopedia", "publisher": "georgiaencyclopedia.org", "url": "https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/muscogee-creek-indians/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Muscogee (Creek) Indians - New Georgia Encyclopedia” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 2, 106, 53, 128, 340 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "researchLeads": [ { "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-creeks-1832-0341", "title": "treaties.okstate.edu — source linked in Crazy Snake Rebellion of 1909", "documentKey": "Crazy_Snake_Rebellion_1909", "documentTitle": "Crazy Snake Rebellion of 1909", "contextNote": "A historical topic within Muscogee history, not a separate people or a description of every community.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1997/spring/dawes-commission", "title": "www.archives.gov — source linked in Crazy Snake Rebellion of 1909", "documentKey": "Crazy_Snake_Rebellion_1909", "documentTitle": "Crazy Snake Rebellion of 1909", "contextNote": "A historical topic within Muscogee history, not a separate people or a description of every community.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.archives.gov/research/native-americans/dawes", "title": "www.archives.gov — source linked in Crazy Snake Rebellion of 1909", "documentKey": "Crazy_Snake_Rebellion_1909", "documentTitle": "Crazy Snake Rebellion of 1909", "contextNote": "A historical topic within Muscogee history, not a separate people or a description of every community.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=CR004", "title": "www.okhistory.org — source linked in Crazy Snake Rebellion of 1909", "documentKey": "Crazy_Snake_Rebellion_1909", "documentTitle": "Crazy Snake Rebellion of 1909", "contextNote": "A historical topic within Muscogee history, not a separate people or a description of every community.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=HA020", "title": "www.okhistory.org — source linked in Crazy Snake Rebellion of 1909", "documentKey": "Crazy_Snake_Rebellion_1909", "documentTitle": "Crazy Snake Rebellion of 1909", "contextNote": "A historical topic within Muscogee history, not a separate people or a description of every community.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://narf.org/nill/bulletins/state/documents/2025/stroble_v_oklahoma_tax_commission.html", "title": "narf.org — source linked in Crazy Snake Rebellion of 1909", "documentKey": "Crazy_Snake_Rebellion_1909", "documentTitle": "Crazy Snake Rebellion of 1909", "contextNote": "A historical topic within Muscogee history, not a separate people or a description of every community.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc2006506/m2/1/high_res_d/5_Jones-Chitto_Harjo.pdf", "title": "gateway.okhistory.org — source linked in Crazy Snake Rebellion of 1909", "documentKey": "Crazy_Snake_Rebellion_1909", "documentTitle": "Crazy Snake Rebellion of 1909", "contextNote": "A historical topic within Muscogee history, not a separate people or a description of every community.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/lccn/2003260226/1909-03-30/ed-1/seq-1/", "title": "oregonnews.uoregon.edu — source linked in Crazy Snake Rebellion of 1909", "documentKey": "Crazy_Snake_Rebellion_1909", "documentTitle": "Crazy Snake Rebellion of 1909", "contextNote": "A historical topic within Muscogee history, not a separate people or a description of every community.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": null, "linkNote": "TLS verification failed; availability undetermined; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://yalebooks.yale.edu/2025/04/12/on-the-run/", "title": "yalebooks.yale.edu — source linked in Crazy Snake Rebellion of 1909", "documentKey": "Crazy_Snake_Rebellion_1909", "documentTitle": "Crazy Snake Rebellion of 1909", "contextNote": "A historical topic within Muscogee history, not a separate people or a description of every community.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 } ], "studyKeys": [ "Crazy_Snake_Rebellion_1909" ], "added": false, "slug": "muscogee-creek", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains", "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-GA", "name": "Georgia", "key": "us-ga" } ] }, { "originalId": 233, "name": "Musqueam", "region": "British Columbia / Vancouver", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Musqueam is a contemporary community with enduring relationships to the lower Fraser River and Vancouver region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Musqueam is a contemporary community with enduring relationships to the lower Fraser River and Vancouver region.", "sourceIds": [ "p233-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community naming, hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓ language, land and self-government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p233-s1", "p233-s2", "p233-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p233-s1", "title": "Historic Timeline | Musqueam Teaching Resource", "publisher": "www2.moa.ubc.ca", "url": "https://www2.moa.ubc.ca/musqueamteachingkit/history.php", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historic Timeline | Musqueam Teaching Resource” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p233-s2", "title": "Musqueam Indian Band - Province of British Columbia", "publisher": "www2.gov.bc.ca", "url": "https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/environment/natural-resource-stewardship/consulting-with-first-nations/first-nations-negotiations/first-nations-a-z-listing/musqueam-indian-band", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Musqueam Indian Band - Province of British Columbia” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p233-s3", "title": "Chapter 1 Musqueam: An Introduction", "publisher": "www2.moa.ubc.ca", "url": "https://www2.moa.ubc.ca/musqueamteachingkit/media/pdf/Chapter%201_Eng.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Chapter 1 Musqueam: An Introduction” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "musqueam", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 234, "name": "Mutsun", "region": "California", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Mutsun is associated with Ohlone-related people and language histories of central California.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Mutsun is associated with Ohlone-related people and language histories of central California.", "sourceIds": [ "p234-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Amah Mutsun community perspectives, language and homelands. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p234-s1", "p234-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p234-s1", "title": "Amah Mutsun |  History", "publisher": "amahmutsun.org", "url": "https://amahmutsun.org/history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Amah Mutsun |  History” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p234-s2", "title": "Amah Mutsun Tribal Band of Costanoan/Ohlone Indians", "publisher": "amahmutsun.org", "url": "https://amahmutsun.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Letter_to_Pope_Francis_re_Serra.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Amah Mutsun Tribal Band of Costanoan/Ohlone Indians” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 263, 24 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "mutsun", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Muwekma Ohlone Tribe of the San Francisco Bay Area", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Contemporary tribe", "region": "California", "overview": "Muwekma Ohlone Tribe of the San Francisco Bay Area has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "The official welcome uses the full Bay Area Tribe name and the short form Muwekma Ohlone Tribe. This is a specific contemporary organization within the broad Ohlone naming context; no exclusive-representation claim is made.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://muwekma.org/", "publisher": "Muwekma Ohlone Tribe", "scope": "Official-site welcome and long/short contemporary Tribe name only. Genealogical, recognition and territorial claims were not independently reviewed or adopted.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "inspectedLines": "51-54", "access": "Public HTML actually read; identity-only selected content", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/california-missions/recommended-resources/", "publisher": "Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian", "scope": "Regional community roster, Ohlone and Esselen heading and named entries only. Its own note says the list is not comprehensive. No claim that every listed organization is a distinct people or one government.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "inspectedLines": "226-227, 310-322", "access": "Public HTML actually read; identity-only selected content", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [ "Muwekma Ohlone Tribe" ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 263 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "muwekma-ohlone-tribe-of-the-san-francisco-bay-area", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [] }, { "originalId": 235, "name": "Nahua", "region": "Mexico / Central America", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Nahua is a broad identity encompassing many communities and Nahuatl-related language varieties.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Nahua is a broad identity encompassing many communities and Nahuatl-related language varieties.", "sourceIds": [ "p235-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Local self-designations, language diversity and distinct community histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p235-s1", "p235-s2", "p235-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p235-s1", "title": "Nahuas del Estado de México - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/nahuas-del-estado-de-mexico-etnografia/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Nahuas del Estado de México - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p235-s2", "title": "Nahuas de Morelos - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/nahuas-de-morelos-etnografia/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Nahuas de Morelos - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p235-s3", "title": "Nahua / Náhuatl – Catálogo Nacional de Pueblos y Comunidades Indígenas y Afromexicanas", "publisher": "catalogo.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://catalogo.inpi.gob.mx/nahua-nahuatl/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Nahua / Náhuatl – Catálogo Nacional de Pueblos y Comunidades Indígenas y Afromexicanas” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "nahua", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico", "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "Naknek Native Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Naknek Native Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 913; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "naknek-native-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Namaygoosisagagun First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — listing address only", "overview": "Namaygoosisagagun First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. This is an organizational relationship; membership alone does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, citizenship, jurisdiction or representation of another named community.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page 18 (zero-based 17), Northern Superior member-listing block: exact name and explicit ON address locality only. Parenthetical alternate name retained only where printed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "access": "Public PDF selectable text actually inspected; no account or subscription needed for this inspection", "selectedPages": [ 18 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 17 ], "selectedLines": "1846-1848", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "namaygoosisagagun-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "originalId": 236, "name": "Nambé Pueblo", "region": "Southwest / New Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Nambé Pueblo is a living Pueblo nation in New Mexico.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Nambé Pueblo is a living Pueblo nation in New Mexico.", "sourceIds": [ "p236-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Pueblo-authored identity, Tewa language context and contemporary community government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p236-s1", "p236-s2", "p236-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p236-s1", "title": "Archaeological History of Nambe Pueblo, 14th Century to the Present | American Antiquity | Cambridge Core", "publisher": "cambridge.org", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-antiquity/article/abs/archaeological-history-of-nambe-pueblo-14th-century-to-the-present/B450E1FD06EFED89010FA3E496BA8E33", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Archaeological History of Nambe Pueblo, 14th Century to the Present | American Antiquity | Cambridge Core” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p236-s2", "title": "Nambé Pueblo | Nambé Falls – Tewa Language Program", "publisher": "nambepueblo.org", "url": "https://www.nambepueblo.org/tewa-program/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Nambé Pueblo | Nambé Falls – Tewa Language Program” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p236-s3", "title": "Nambé Pueblo | Nambé Falls – Department of Environmental & Natural Resources", "publisher": "nambepueblo.org", "url": "https://www.nambepueblo.org/environmental-natural-resources/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Nambé Pueblo | Nambé Falls – Department of Environmental & Natural Resources” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 310, 381 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "nambe-pueblo", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] }, { "originalId": 237, "name": "Nanticoke", "region": "Northeast / Mid-Atlantic", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Nanticoke communities have histories in the Chesapeake and Delaware regions and continuing community organizations.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Nanticoke communities have histories in the Chesapeake and Delaware regions and continuing community organizations.", "sourceIds": [ "p237-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-specific accounts, migration, land and contemporary identity. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p237-s1", "p237-s2", "p237-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p237-s1", "title": "History – Nanticoke Indian Tribe", "publisher": "nanticokeindians.org", "url": "https://www.nanticokeindians.org/about/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History – Nanticoke Indian Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p237-s2", "title": "Leadership – Nanticoke Indian Tribe", "publisher": "nanticokeindians.org", "url": "https://www.nanticokeindians.org/leadership/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Leadership – Nanticoke Indian Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p237-s3", "title": "Microsoft Word - We Are Still Here - Nanticoke and Lenape History_ Booklet_1st edition 5x8.doc", "publisher": "nanticoke-lenape.info", "url": "https://www.nanticoke-lenape.info/images/We_Are_Still_Here_Nanticoke_and_Lenape_History_Booklet_pre-release_v2.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Microsoft Word - We Are Still Here - Nanticoke and Lenape History_ Booklet_1st edition 5x8.doc” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "nanticoke", "regionGroups": [ "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-DE", "name": "Delaware", "key": "us-de" } ] }, { "originalId": 238, "name": "Narragansett", "region": "Northeast / Rhode Island", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Narragansett Indian Tribe has enduring relationships with Rhode Island and southern New England.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Narragansett Indian Tribe has enduring relationships with Rhode Island and southern New England.", "sourceIds": [ "p238-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Narragansett-authored history, language, land and sovereignty. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p238-s1", "p238-s2", "p238-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p238-s1", "title": "Early History - Narrangansett Indian Tribe", "url": "https://narragansettindiannation.org/history/early/", "publisher": "narragansettindiannation.org", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p238-s2", "title": "A Brief History – Narragansett Historical Society", "publisher": "narragansetthistoricalsociety.com", "url": "https://www.narragansetthistoricalsociety.com/a-brief-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “A Brief History – Narragansett Historical Society” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p238-s3", "title": "Early History | Narragansett, RI - Official Website", "publisher": "narragansettri.gov", "url": "https://narragansettri.gov/368/Early-History", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Early History | Narragansett, RI - Official Website” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "narragansett", "regionGroups": [ "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-RI", "name": "Rhode Island", "key": "us-ri" } ] }, { "originalId": 239, "name": "Naskapi", "region": "Québec / Labrador", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Naskapi people have communities and homelands in the Québec–Labrador peninsula.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Naskapi people have communities and homelands in the Québec–Labrador peninsula.", "sourceIds": [ "p239-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Naskapi language, land relationships, community history and contemporary institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p239-s1", "p239-s2", "p239-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p239-s1", "title": "Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach", "publisher": "naskapi.ca", "url": "https://naskapi.ca/nsk/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p239-s2", "title": "Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach", "publisher": "naskapi.ca", "url": "https://naskapi.ca/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p239-s3", "title": "Naskapis | Gouvernement du Québec", "publisher": "quebec.ca", "url": "https://www.quebec.ca/gouvernement/portrait-quebec/premieres-nations-inuits/profil-des-nations/naskapis", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Naskapis | Gouvernement du Québec” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "naskapi", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-QC", "name": "Quebec", "key": "ca-qc" } ] }, { "originalId": 240, "name": "Naso Tjër Di", "region": "Central America / Panama / Costa Rica", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Naso Tjër Di is a people’s name associated with the Teribe region. Sources use several regional and historical spellings.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Naso Tjër Di is a people’s name associated with the Teribe region. Sources use several regional and historical spellings.", "sourceIds": [ "p240-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Naso community identity, language, territory and the relationship to the Teribe entry. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p240-s1", "p240-s2", "p240-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p240-s1", "title": "Pueblo: Teribe", "publisher": "atlaspueblosindigenas.wordpress.com", "url": "https://atlaspueblosindigenas.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/teribe.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Pueblo: Teribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p240-s2", "title": "Feria Cultural Artesanal Naso Tjërdi | Sicultura", "publisher": "files.sicultura.gob.pa", "url": "https://files.sicultura.gob.pa/manifestaciones-culturales/feria-cultural-artesanal-naso-tjerdi", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Feria Cultural Artesanal Naso Tjërdi | Sicultura” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p240-s3", "title": "Recursos disponibles en DIPALICORI Brorán / térraba / naso / brorán – Dipalicori", "publisher": "dipalicori.ucr.ac.cr", "url": "https://dipalicori.ucr.ac.cr/recursos-broran/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Recursos disponibles en DIPALICORI Brorán / térraba / naso / brorán – Dipalicori” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 379, 35 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "naso-tjer-di", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "PA", "name": "Panama", "key": "pa" } ] }, { "originalId": 241, "name": "Natchez", "region": "Southeast / Oklahoma / Carolinas", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Natchez histories extend beyond the colonial-era lower Mississippi Valley into later descendant communities.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Natchez histories extend beyond the colonial-era lower Mississippi Valley into later descendant communities.", "sourceIds": [ "p241-map-support" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Natchez perspectives, migrations and contemporary community institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p241-s2", "p241-s3" ] }, { "title": "A historical Mississippi connection", "text": "Natchez historical communities are explicitly connected with southwest Mississippi in the park's account. This is a regional reading route, rather than a limit on the geography or identity of later descendant communities.", "sourceIds": [ "p241-map-support", "p241-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p241-s2", "title": "Early Choctaw History - Natchez Trace Parkway (U.S. National Park Service)", "publisher": "nps.gov", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/natr/learn/historyculture/choctaw.htm?lv=true", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Choctaw-focused park history includes a brief account of conflict involving Natchez people. Useful for that relationship context; it is not a general Natchez history or a source for present Natchez institutions.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Direct HTML substantive lines24–31, especially line28.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p241-s3", "title": "American Indian History - Natchez Trace Parkway (U.S. National Park Service)", "publisher": "nps.gov", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/natr/learn/historyculture/american-indian-history.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “American Indian History - Natchez Trace Parkway (U.S. National Park Service)” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p241-map-support", "title": "The Natchez Indians — Natchez National Historical Park", "publisher": "National Park Service", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/natc/learn/historyculture/indians.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Geography", "Historical context" ], "annotation": "Brief park history explicitly connects Natchez ancestors and communities with southwest Mississippi. Used for historical geography only. Its sweeping departure and near-annihilation language is not adopted as an account of continuing Natchez identities or rights.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Complete short article read; map citation uses opening geography and historical mound-center paragraphs. Updated August16,2024.", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "researchGaps": [ "This dated source-fit review supplies a narrow supporting geographical reference, outside the substantive target. A fuller people-specific source collection and evidence review remain open." ], "added": false, "slug": "natchez", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains", "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MS", "name": "Mississippi", "key": "us-ms" } ] }, { "originalId": 242, "name": "Natchitoches", "region": "Southeast / Louisiana", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Natchitoches is a historical Caddo-related name in Louisiana.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Natchitoches is a historical Caddo-related name in Louisiana.", "sourceIds": [ "p242-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Specific community histories, colonial records and present descendant relationships. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p242-s1", "p242-s2", "p242-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p242-s1", "title": "History of the Natchitoches Tribe of Louisiana", "publisher": "ntl-tribe.org", "url": "https://ntl-tribe.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/ntl-history-by-chief-fred-g.-simon.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History of the Natchitoches Tribe of Louisiana” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p242-s2", "title": "Government – Natchitoches Tribe of Louisiana", "publisher": "ntl-tribe.org", "url": "https://ntl-tribe.org/tribal-government/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Government – Natchitoches Tribe of Louisiana” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p242-s3", "title": "Natchitoches Parish Convention and Visitors Bureau (U.S. National Park Service)", "publisher": "nps.gov", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/places/natchitoches-parish-convention-and-visitors-bureau.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Although framed as a visitor-information place page, its historical paragraphs describe the Natchitoches confederacy, homeland and trails that became part of El Camino Real. Useful colonial/regional context; not a source for current tribal citizenship, government or recognition.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Direct HTML lines43–47 explicitly discusses the Natchitoches confederacy, traditional homeland, trails and Caddo/colonial relationships.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "natchitoches", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-LA", "name": "Louisiana", "key": "us-la" } ] }, { "added": true, "name": "Native Hawaiian (Kānaka Maoli)", "region": "Hawaiian archipelago / Pacific; US-HI used as a geographic navigation region", "kind": "Indigenous people / language / diverse communities and institutions", "overview": "Begin with annotated public sources on Native Hawaiian identity, language education, land and water care, institutional roles and the 1993 federal apology. This initial source guide supports a Hawaiʻi map connection while keeping its limited coverage visible.", "sections": [ { "title": "An Indigenous people and a Hawaiian name", "text": "Native Hawaiian and Kānaka Maoli identify the Indigenous people of Hawaiʻi. The university naming reference provides an attributed introduction. The 1993 resolution uses an ancestry-based definition specific to that instrument; it is not a universal enrollment rule.", "sourceIds": [ "hi-support-name", "hi-guide-apology-1993" ] }, { "title": "A homeland connection for the map", "text": "The resolution connects Native Hawaiian ancestors with the islands now indexed as Hawaiʻi. This state route is a finding aid, not a parcel map or a decision on territorial rights. Island-specific histories need further research.", "sourceIds": [ "hi-guide-apology-1993" ] }, { "title": "The Kingdom, overthrow and a dated apology", "text": "Congress’s 1993 resolution acknowledges United States involvement in the 1893 overthrow and apologizes to Native Hawaiians. It explicitly does not settle claims. Original Kingdom documents and Hawaiian scholarship are needed for a fuller history.", "sourceIds": [ "hi-guide-apology-1993" ] }, { "title": "Rebuilding everyday language education", "text": "ʻAha Pūnana Leo traces its work to Hawaiian language educators who organized in 1983. Its account describes the first preschool at Kekaha, Kauaʻi, in 1984, followed by schools on other islands. Elders’ advice about children learning through everyday interaction shaped that work. The history also acknowledges inspiration from Māori language nests. This is a community institution’s account of rebuilding education; the page does not establish current proficiency outcomes for all Native Hawaiians.", "sourceIds": [ "hi-guide-language" ] }, { "title": "Learning through care for land and water", "text": "Paepae o Heʻeia’s public collection explains how a coastal fishpond on Oʻahu uses a wall and managed water exchange to support aquatic life. Its education page describes students investigating water quality and other ecological questions while helping inform the organization’s management decisions. These accounts connect inherited environmental knowledge with contemporary learning at one place. Heʻeia’s story should not be generalized to every island, family or fishpond.", "sourceIds": [ "hi-guide-stewardship" ] }, { "title": "Understanding OHA as a particular institution", "text": "The Office of Hawaiian Affairs describes itself as a semi-autonomous state agency. Its account connects its creation with 1970s Native Hawaiian activism and the 1978 constitutional convention. It identifies advocacy, research, land management and support for community programs among its roles. Reading its own description helps distinguish a service and advocacy institution from the people as a whole. Its remit does not establish consensus on political futures or make OHA a sovereign Native Hawaiian government.", "sourceIds": [ "hi-guide-oha" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "hi-guide-language", "title": "Our History", "author": "ʻAha Pūnana Leo", "publisher": "ʻAha Pūnana Leo", "url": "https://www.ahapunanaleo.org/history-hl-1", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Education", "Community initiative" ], "annotation": "Educators’ institutional account of rebuilding Hawaiian-medium education, beginning with organizing in 1983 and the first preschool in 1984. A valuable program history; historical policy claims and present outcomes still need independent comparison.", "documentDate": "Undated live page; timeline extends through 2023", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Actual HTML history and timeline, lines 79–114. Photographs, linked courses, videos and private portals were not inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "hi-guide-stewardship", "title": "The Fishpond and Education — Heʻeia public learning collection", "author": "Paepae o Heʻeia", "publisher": "Paepae o Heʻeia", "url": "https://paepaeoheeia.org/the-fishpond/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Land and water", "Aquaculture", "Education", "Oʻahu" ], "annotation": "The community organization explains a coastal fishpond and connects its care with place-based ecological learning. The history and education pages are counted together as one public collection. Undated teaching schedules, output figures and ownership statements are not treated as verified current conditions.", "documentDate": "Undated web pages", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Actual Fishpond body, lines 54–76; Education introduction and charter-school learning account, lines 53–61. No restricted material, oral recordings, site geometry or photographs reused.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "inspectedSubresources": [ { "url": "https://paepaeoheeia.org/education/", "title": "Education", "scope": "Public introduction and charter-school learning paragraphs, lines 53–61" } ] }, { "id": "hi-guide-oha", "title": "About the Office of Hawaiian Affairs", "author": "Office of Hawaiian Affairs", "publisher": "Office of Hawaiian Affairs", "url": "https://www.oha.org/about/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Institutions", "Advocacy", "Community services", "History" ], "annotation": "OHA describes its state-agency role, origins in 1970s activism and work supporting Native Hawaiian wellbeing. Useful for understanding this particular institution; it is not a sovereign government speaking for every Native Hawaiian perspective. Staff totals and financial claims are omitted.", "documentDate": "Undated web page", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Actual substantive About, vision, mission and overview text, lines 99–118. Linked film, program reports and current administrative rules were not reviewed.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "hi-guide-apology-1993", "title": "Public Law 103–150: acknowledgment and apology for the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi", "author": "United States Congress", "publisher": "United States Statutes at Large, 107 Stat. 1510–1514; Government Publishing Office / GovInfo", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-107/pdf/STATUTE-107-Pg1510.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Hawaiian Kingdom", "Overthrow", "Primary document", "Self-determination" ], "annotation": "Original 1993 federal resolution: historical recitals, apology, instrument-specific definition and non-settlement disclaimer. A dated primary instrument, not a complete history or determination of contemporary citizenship, sovereignty or remedies.", "publicationDate": "1993-11-23", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Actual five-page PDF text/OCR read: 107 Stat. 1510–1514, all recitals and sections 1–3. This records text inspection, not a claimed page-image transcription audit.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "hi-support-name", "title": "Hawaiian Word of the Week: Maoli", "author": "University of Hawaiʻi News; attributed reflection by Diamond Badajos", "publisher": "University of Hawaiʻi System News", "url": "https://www.hawaii.edu/news/2022/10/11/hawaiian-word-of-the-week-maoli/", "type": "Reporting / interview", "topics": [ "Names", "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Brief university publication identifies Kānaka Maoli as the Indigenous people of Hawaiʻi through an attributed alumna’s reflection. Included for naming and orientation only; its brevity makes it supporting material rather than a substantive research-target source.", "publicationDate": "2022-10-11", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Actual definition and attributed reflection, lines 34–49. Embedded video and linked dictionary were not reviewed.", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relationshipNote": "Native Hawaiian / Kānaka Maoli is a people-level access point, distinct from the population of the modern state and from any single agency or organization. OHA is a state agency; ʻAha Pūnana Leo and Paepae o Heʻeia are specific community institutions. The historical Kingdom, its subjects, Indigenous identity, ancestry-based program categories and contemporary political proposals require their own contexts. The state-index connection does not decide recognition, citizenship or territorial claims.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "searchTerms": [ "Native Hawaiian", "Native Hawaiians", "Kānaka Maoli", "Kanaka Maoli", "Hawaiian archipelago", "ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi" ], "researchGaps": [ "A fuller account needs Hawaiian-authored historical scholarship and original Kingdom-era documents, with island-specific histories.", "Contemporary family voices, diaspora experiences, health and housing, and the diversity of political positions need stronger representation.", "Legal program definitions, current law and recognition debates require separately dated specialist research; the 1993 resolution does not answer them all.", "Learning outcomes, restoration results and present program availability have not been independently assessed." ], "evidenceNotes": [ "Four substantive works/collections and one short supporting naming reference were inspected within recorded scopes on October 21, 2026. Paepae o Heʻeia pages count once. The guide is not promoted to a developed profile or an adequate initial introduction; no community review is implied.", "No generated images, copied photographs, restricted cultural content or precise site coordinates were used. The 1993 law was reviewed as text/OCR, not asserted as a full image-transcription audit." ], "slug": "native-hawaiian-kanaka-maoli", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-HI", "name": "Hawaii", "key": "us-hi" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Afognak", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Afognak has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 915; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-afognak", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Akhiok", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Akhiok has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 917; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-akhiok", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Akutan", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Akutan has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 919; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-akutan", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Aleknagik", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Aleknagik has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 921; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-aleknagik", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Ambler", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Ambler has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 923; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-ambler", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Atka", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Atka has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 925; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-atka", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Atqasuk", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Atqasuk has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 927; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-atqasuk", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Barrow Inupiat Traditional Government", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Barrow Inupiat Traditional Government has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 928; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-barrow-inupiat-traditional-government", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Belkofski", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Belkofski has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. 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No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. 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No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. 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No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. 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This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 957; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-ekwok", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Elim", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Elim has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 959; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-elim", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of False Pass", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of False Pass has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 963; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-false-pass", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Fort Yukon", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Fort Yukon has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 965; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-fort-yukon", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Gakona", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Gakona has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 967; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-gakona", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Gambell", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Gambell has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 969; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-gambell", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Georgetown", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Georgetown has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "An individually named Alaska Native tribal-community/government route, retained separately from broader people and language collections. This identification-only check does not establish ethnicity, constituent peoples, descent or membership from the name; fuller relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov, 91 FR 4102-4106, document 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact individually listed current entity name at indexed primary-body line 971; Alaska-section heading at line 789 supplies state context. Selected identification-only inspection from lines 789-971 on 2026-10-26. No linked history, community website, enrollment, jurisdiction or services/recognition analysis was undertaken. Indexed FederalRegister.gov body was readable; native Request Access was not bypassed. Official PDF not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-georgetown", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Goodnews Bay", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Goodnews Bay has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually listed Native community/government name; broader ethnic, language, constituent and descent relationships remain unassessed. This name-only research-queued outline does not establish those relationships.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102-4106, 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact current Native entity label at indexed primary-body line 973; Alaska heading at line 789 supplies state context. Only selected names in lines 973-992 inspected for this batch. No history, ethnicity, jurisdiction or recognition analysis. Official PDF not inspected; indexed body readable, native Request Access not bypassed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-goodnews-bay", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Hamilton", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Hamilton has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually listed Native community/government name; broader ethnic, language, constituent and descent relationships remain unassessed. This name-only research-queued outline does not establish those relationships.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102-4106, 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact current Native entity label at indexed primary-body line 975; Alaska heading at line 789 supplies state context. Only selected names in lines 973-992 inspected for this batch. No history, ethnicity, jurisdiction or recognition analysis. Official PDF not inspected; indexed body readable, native Request Access not bypassed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-hamilton", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Hooper Bay", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Hooper Bay has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually listed Native community/government name; broader ethnic, language, constituent and descent relationships remain unassessed. This name-only research-queued outline does not establish those relationships.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102-4106, 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact current Native entity label at indexed primary-body line 977; Alaska heading at line 789 supplies state context. Only selected names in lines 973-992 inspected for this batch. No history, ethnicity, jurisdiction or recognition analysis. Official PDF not inspected; indexed body readable, native Request Access not bypassed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-hooper-bay", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Kanatak", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Kanatak has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually listed Native community/government name; broader ethnic, language, constituent and descent relationships remain unassessed. This name-only research-queued outline does not establish those relationships.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102-4106, 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact current Native entity label at indexed primary-body line 979; Alaska heading at line 789 supplies state context. Only selected names in lines 973-992 inspected for this batch. No history, ethnicity, jurisdiction or recognition analysis. Official PDF not inspected; indexed body readable, native Request Access not bypassed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-kanatak", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Karluk", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Karluk has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually listed Native community/government name; broader ethnic, language, constituent and descent relationships remain unassessed. This name-only research-queued outline does not establish those relationships.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102-4106, 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact current Native entity label at indexed primary-body line 981; Alaska heading at line 789 supplies state context. Only selected names in lines 973-992 inspected for this batch. No history, ethnicity, jurisdiction or recognition analysis. Official PDF not inspected; indexed body readable, native Request Access not bypassed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-karluk", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Kiana", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Kiana has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually listed Native community/government name; broader ethnic, language, constituent and descent relationships remain unassessed. This name-only research-queued outline does not establish those relationships.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102-4106, 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact current Native entity label at indexed primary-body line 983; Alaska heading at line 789 supplies state context. Only selected names in lines 973-992 inspected for this batch. No history, ethnicity, jurisdiction or recognition analysis. Official PDF not inspected; indexed body readable, native Request Access not bypassed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-kiana", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Kipnuk", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native tribal community / government", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Kipnuk has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually listed Native community/government name; broader ethnic, language, constituent and descent relationships remain unassessed. This name-only research-queued outline does not establish those relationships.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102-4106, 2026-01899", "scope": "Exact current Native entity label at indexed primary-body line 985; Alaska heading at line 789 supplies state context. Only selected names in lines 973-992 inspected for this batch. No history, ethnicity, jurisdiction or recognition analysis. 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Only selected names in lines 973-992 inspected for this batch. No history, ethnicity, jurisdiction or recognition analysis. 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Only selected names in lines 973-992 inspected for this batch. No history, ethnicity, jurisdiction or recognition analysis. 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Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This outline does not identify current ethnicity, language, ancestry, exclusive representation, municipality/corporation equivalence or government powers. 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Official PDF not inspected; native Request Access page was not bypassed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-kotzebue", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Koyuk", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Koyuk has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This outline does not identify current ethnicity, language, ancestry, exclusive representation, municipality/corporation equivalence or government powers. 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Official PDF not inspected; native Request Access page was not bypassed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-koyuk", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Kwigillingok", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Kwigillingok has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This outline does not identify current ethnicity, language, ancestry, exclusive representation, municipality/corporation equivalence or government powers. 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Official PDF not inspected; native Request Access page was not bypassed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-kwigillingok", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Kwinhagak", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Kwinhagak has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This outline does not identify current ethnicity, language, ancestry, exclusive representation, municipality/corporation equivalence or government powers. 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Official PDF not inspected; native Request Access page was not bypassed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [ "Quinhagak" ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-kwinhagak", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Larsen Bay", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Larsen Bay has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This outline does not identify current ethnicity, language, ancestry, exclusive representation, municipality/corporation equivalence or government powers. 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Official PDF not inspected; native Request Access page was not bypassed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-larsen-bay", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Marshall", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Marshall has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This outline does not identify current ethnicity, language, ancestry, exclusive representation, municipality/corporation equivalence or government powers. 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Official PDF not inspected; native Request Access page was not bypassed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [ "Fortuna Ledge" ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-marshall", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Mary's Igloo", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Mary's Igloo has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This outline does not identify current ethnicity, language, ancestry, exclusive representation, municipality/corporation equivalence or government powers. 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Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This outline does not identify current ethnicity, language, ancestry, exclusive representation, municipality/corporation equivalence or government powers. Those relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102–4106, 2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary-body label at line 1008; Alaska section heading at line 789 supplies administrative state context. Selected names in lines 994–1051 inspected, beginning after Kongiganak at line 992. Only exact names and explicit same-entry aka variants used. Official PDF not inspected; native Request Access page was not bypassed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-mekoryuk", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Minto", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Minto has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This outline does not identify current ethnicity, language, ancestry, exclusive representation, municipality/corporation equivalence or government powers. Those relationships and history remain queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102–4106, 2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary-body label at line 1010; Alaska section heading at line 789 supplies administrative state context. Selected names in lines 994–1051 inspected, beginning after Kongiganak at line 992. Only exact names and explicit same-entry aka variants used. 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Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This is a findable name-only route, not a newly identified distinct people or a claim about current ethnicity, language, ancestry, affiliation, jurisdiction or exclusive representation. 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This bounded pass read selected labels in lines 1052–1089, after Ruby at line 1051. Only the explicit same-entry South Naknek former-name bridge is retained. No official-PDF comparison, current legal-status, government-power, ethnicity, affiliation or homeland analysis.", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-tununak", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Tyonek", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Tyonek has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This is a findable name-only route, not a newly identified distinct people or a claim about current ethnicity, language, ancestry, affiliation, jurisdiction or exclusive representation. 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This bounded pass read selected labels in lines 1052–1089, after Ruby at line 1051. Only the explicit same-entry South Naknek former-name bridge is retained. No official-PDF comparison, current legal-status, government-power, ethnicity, affiliation or homeland analysis.", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-tyonek", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Unalakleet", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Unalakleet has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This is a findable name-only route, not a newly identified distinct people or a claim about current ethnicity, language, ancestry, affiliation, jurisdiction or exclusive representation. A similarly named municipality or Native corporation is not substituted for the named Native entity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "title": "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102–4106, 2026-01899", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "scope": "Actual readable indexed primary body: exact Native entity label at line 1087; Alaska section heading at line 789 establishes administrative state context. This bounded pass read selected labels in lines 1052–1089, after Ruby at line 1051. Only the explicit same-entry South Naknek former-name bridge is retained. No official-PDF comparison, current legal-status, government-power, ethnicity, affiliation or homeland analysis.", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-unalakleet", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Unga", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Unga has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This is a findable name-only route, not a newly identified distinct people or a claim about current ethnicity, language, ancestry, affiliation, jurisdiction or exclusive representation. A similarly named municipality or Native corporation is not substituted for the named Native entity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "title": "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102–4106, 2026-01899", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "scope": "Actual readable indexed primary body: exact Native entity label at line 1089; Alaska section heading at line 789 establishes administrative state context. This bounded pass read selected labels in lines 1052–1089, after Ruby at line 1051. Only the explicit same-entry South Naknek former-name bridge is retained. No official-PDF comparison, current legal-status, government-power, ethnicity, affiliation or homeland analysis.", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-unga", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of Wales", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of Wales has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This is a findable name-only route, not a newly identified distinct people or a claim about current ethnicity, language, ancestry, affiliation, jurisdiction or exclusive representation. A similarly named municipality or Native corporation is not substituted for the named Native entity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "title": "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102–4106, 2026-01899", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "scope": "Exact selected Native community/government label at indexed primary-body line 1093; explicit Alaska heading at line 789. The readable 2026-01899 XML body, selected lines 1093–1134, was actually inspected on October 26 and is reused here without redundant retrieval. Grouped/See/aka/parenthetical changed-name entries are skipped. Only names and administrative state setting used; no legal-status, ethnicity, affiliation, homeland or government-power analysis. Official PDF not inspected; no access-control bypass.", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-wales", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Native Village of White Mountain", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Native Village of White Mountain has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This is a findable name-only route, not a newly identified distinct people or a claim about current ethnicity, language, ancestry, affiliation, jurisdiction or exclusive representation. A similarly named municipality or Native corporation is not substituted for the named Native entity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "title": "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102–4106, 2026-01899", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "scope": "Exact selected Native community/government label at indexed primary-body line 1095; explicit Alaska heading at line 789. The readable 2026-01899 XML body, selected lines 1093–1134, was actually inspected on October 26 and is reused here without redundant retrieval. Grouped/See/aka/parenthetical changed-name entries are skipped. Only names and administrative state setting used; no legal-status, ethnicity, affiliation, homeland or government-power analysis. Official PDF not inspected; no access-control bypass.", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "native-village-of-white-mountain", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 243, "name": "Nauset", "region": "Northeast / Cape Cod", "kind": "Historical people / name", "overview": "Nauset is a historical people name associated with Cape Cod.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Nauset is a historical people name associated with Cape Cod.", "sourceIds": [ "p243-map-support" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Local homelands, colonial records and relationships with later Wampanoag communities. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p243-map-support", "p243-s2", "p243-s3" ] }, { "title": "A Cape Cod historical connection", "text": "The town's historical account places Nauset communities on Cape Cod in Massachusetts. Its historical naming provides a route into further research; older outsider summaries require comparison with community histories and later Wampanoag relationships.", "sourceIds": [ "p243-map-support" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p243-s2", "title": "Nauset Light Area: Cultural Landscapes Inventory, Cape Cod… — NPS DataStore", "publisher": "irmadev.nps.gov", "url": "https://irmadev.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2236009", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Site-management background lead. Catalogue abstract concerns lighthouses, keeper's buildings, cable infrastructure and a managed coastal landscape, not Nauset people. The full inventory may contain Indigenous historical background; that has not been checked. The full report remains unread; its relevance to Nauset people needs checking.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Actual NPS catalogue record and abstract read; full2025 report not inspected.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p243-s3", "title": "Historic Structure Report: U.S. Coast Guard Nauset Station… — NPS DataStore", "publisher": "irmadev.nps.gov", "url": "https://irmadev.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2191074", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Site-management background lead. Catalogue abstract concerns preservation/treatment of a1936 Coast Guard dwelling and boathouse, with a1933–1958 period of significance. This is not itself Nauset identity evidence. The full report remains unread; its relevance to Nauset people needs checking.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Actual NPS catalogue record and abstract read; full2008 report not inspected.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p243-map-support", "title": "Nauset Indians", "publisher": "Town of Eastham, Massachusetts", "url": "https://www.eastham-ma.gov/468/Nauset-Indians", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Geography", "Historical context" ], "annotation": "A short municipal page reproduces an older account explicitly locating Nauset people on Cape Cod in Massachusetts. Used only for historical place connection; dated population and disappearance assertions and its political subordination wording are not adopted.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Complete five-paragraph body inspected. Opening geography and principal-village sentence support the connection.", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "researchGaps": [ "This dated source-fit review supplies a narrow supporting geographical reference, outside the substantive target. A fuller people-specific source collection and evidence review remain open." ], "added": false, "slug": "nauset", "regionGroups": [ "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MA", "name": "Massachusetts", "key": "us-ma" } ] }, { "originalId": 244, "name": "Navajo (Diné)", "region": "Southwest / Four Corners", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Diné is a community name used alongside Navajo. The Navajo Nation publishes historical, cultural, language and governmental resources.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Diné is a community name used alongside Navajo. The Navajo Nation publishes historical, cultural, language and governmental resources.", "sourceIds": [ "p244-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Diné Bizaad, Long Walk histories, sovereignty and contemporary nation-published accounts. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p244-s1", "p244-s2", "p244-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p244-s1", "title": "Navajo Nation | Navajo Area", "url": "https://www.ihs.gov/navajo/navajonation/", "publisher": "ihs.gov", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p244-s2", "title": "Home", "publisher": "agriculture.navajo-nsn.gov", "url": "https://agriculture.navajo-nsn.gov/Home", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Home” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p244-s3", "title": "Navajo Nation Council | Our Legacy and History", "publisher": "navajonationcouncil.org", "url": "https://www.navajonationcouncil.org/about-us-and-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Navajo Nation Council | Our Legacy and History” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "navajo-dine", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AZ", "name": "Arizona", "key": "us-az" }, { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] }, { "originalId": 245, "name": "Nêhiyaw", "region": "Canada / Great Plains", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Nêhiyaw is a self-designation used in Cree contexts, especially Plains Cree. Its meaning depends on community and language usage.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Nêhiyaw is a self-designation used in Cree contexts, especially Plains Cree. Its meaning depends on community and language usage.", "sourceIds": [ "p245-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-preferred spelling and the relationship to Cree and Plains Cree entries. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p245-s1", "p245-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p245-s1", "title": "ABORIGINAL HISTORY-Plains Cree", "publisher": "aboriginalhistory.ca", "url": "https://aboriginalhistory.ca/sections/Nations/Plains/PlainsCree/PlainsCree.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “ABORIGINAL HISTORY-Plains Cree” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p245-s2", "title": "The Indigenous Languages Act in Plains Cree - Canada.ca", "publisher": "canada.ca", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/indigenous-languages-act/plains-cree.html", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “The Indigenous Languages Act in Plains Cree - Canada.ca” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 91, 296 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "relationshipNote": "The original list preserves this name as an access point. Compare the related entries and community-preferred spellings; overlapping names do not always mean identical political communities.", "added": false, "slug": "nehiyaw", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-SK", "name": "Saskatchewan", "key": "ca-sk" } ] }, { "name": "Nenana Native Association", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Nenana Native Association has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This is a findable name-only route, not a newly identified distinct people or a claim about current ethnicity, language, ancestry, affiliation, jurisdiction or exclusive representation. A similarly named municipality or Native corporation is not substituted for the named Native entity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "title": "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102–4106, 2026-01899", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "scope": "Exact selected Native community/government label at indexed primary-body line 1097; explicit Alaska heading at line 789. The readable 2026-01899 XML body, selected lines 1093–1134, was actually inspected on October 26 and is reused here without redundant retrieval. Grouped/See/aka/parenthetical changed-name entries are skipped. Only names and administrative state setting used; no legal-status, ethnicity, affiliation, homeland or government-power analysis. Official PDF not inspected; no access-control bypass.", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "nenana-native-association", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Netmizaaggamig Nishnaabeg", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — listing address only", "overview": "Netmizaaggamig Nishnaabeg has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. This is an organizational relationship; membership alone does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, citizenship, jurisdiction or representation of another named community.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page 18 (zero-based 17), Northern Superior member-listing block: exact name and explicit ON address locality only. Parenthetical alternate name retained only where printed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "access": "Public PDF selectable text actually inspected; no account or subscription needed for this inspection", "selectedPages": [ 18 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 17 ], "selectedLines": "1855-1859", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [ "Pic Mobert First Nation" ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "netmizaaggamig-nishnaabeg", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "originalId": 246, "name": "Neutral Nation", "region": "Northeast / Great Lakes", "kind": "Historical people / name", "overview": "Neutral Nation is an outside historical label for Iroquoian communities in the Great Lakes region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Neutral Nation is an outside historical label for Iroquoian communities in the Great Lakes region.", "sourceIds": [ "p246-map-support" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Names in historical records, community relationships and seventeenth-century displacement. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p246-s1", "p246-map-support", "p246-map-support" ] }, { "title": "Historical naming and an Ontario connection", "text": "The museum's historical account connects the Neutral Nation with the Lincoln area in Ontario and explains that Neutral Nation and Attawandaron are historical names. This account does not establish a single present government or the disappearance of descendants.", "sourceIds": [ "p246-map-support", "p246-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p246-s1", "title": "Lincoln Museum & Cultural Centre Launches Public Research Collection on the Neutral Nation | Town of Lincoln", "publisher": "lincoln.ca", "url": "https://www.lincoln.ca/council-and-administration/news-updates/lincoln-museum-cultural-centre-launches-public-research", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Lincoln Museum & Cultural Centre Launches Public Research Collection on the Neutral Nation | Town of Lincoln” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p246-map-support", "title": "Sho’aríshon Park — The Neutral Nation", "publisher": "Lincoln Museum & Cultural Centre", "url": "https://lincolnmuseum.ca/visit/shoarishon-park", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Geography", "Historical context" ], "annotation": "Municipal museum interpretation locates historical Neutral communities in the Lincoln/Niagara landscape and discusses the uncertainty of historical naming. Used for broad historical geography; contemporary park art and Mohawk spelling are not presented as universal historical Neutral practices.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Direct HTML historical introduction, The Neutral Nation paragraphs and Location section read. No archaeological coordinates, ceremony instructions or images reused.", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 104 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "researchGaps": [ "This dated source-fit review supplies a narrow supporting geographical reference, outside the substantive target. A fuller people-specific source collection and evidence review remain open." ], "added": false, "slug": "neutral-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Great Lakes", "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "name": "New Koliganek Village Council", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "New Koliganek Village Council has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This is a findable name-only route, not a newly identified distinct people or a claim about current ethnicity, language, ancestry, affiliation, jurisdiction or exclusive representation. A similarly named municipality or Native corporation is not substituted for the named Native entity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "title": "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102–4106, 2026-01899", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "scope": "Exact selected Native community/government label at indexed primary-body line 1099; explicit Alaska heading at line 789. The readable 2026-01899 XML body, selected lines 1093–1134, was actually inspected on October 26 and is reused here without redundant retrieval. Grouped/See/aka/parenthetical changed-name entries are skipped. Only names and administrative state setting used; no legal-status, ethnicity, affiliation, homeland or government-power analysis. Official PDF not inspected; no access-control bypass.", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "new-koliganek-village-council", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "New Stuyahok Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "New Stuyahok Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This is a findable name-only route, not a newly identified distinct people or a claim about current ethnicity, language, ancestry, affiliation, jurisdiction or exclusive representation. A similarly named municipality or Native corporation is not substituted for the named Native entity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "title": "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102–4106, 2026-01899", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "scope": "Exact selected Native community/government label at indexed primary-body line 1101; explicit Alaska heading at line 789. The readable 2026-01899 XML body, selected lines 1093–1134, was actually inspected on October 26 and is reused here without redundant retrieval. Grouped/See/aka/parenthetical changed-name entries are skipped. Only names and administrative state setting used; no legal-status, ethnicity, affiliation, homeland or government-power analysis. Official PDF not inspected; no access-control bypass.", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "new-stuyahok-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Newhalen Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Newhalen Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This is a findable name-only route, not a newly identified distinct people or a claim about current ethnicity, language, ancestry, affiliation, jurisdiction or exclusive representation. A similarly named municipality or Native corporation is not substituted for the named Native entity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "title": "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102–4106, 2026-01899", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "scope": "Exact selected Native community/government label at indexed primary-body line 1103; explicit Alaska heading at line 789. The readable 2026-01899 XML body, selected lines 1093–1134, was actually inspected on October 26 and is reused here without redundant retrieval. Grouped/See/aka/parenthetical changed-name entries are skipped. Only names and administrative state setting used; no legal-status, ethnicity, affiliation, homeland or government-power analysis. Official PDF not inspected; no access-control bypass.", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "newhalen-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Newtok Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Newtok Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This is a findable name-only route, not a newly identified distinct people or a claim about current ethnicity, language, ancestry, affiliation, jurisdiction or exclusive representation. A similarly named municipality or Native corporation is not substituted for the named Native entity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "title": "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102–4106, 2026-01899", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "scope": "Exact selected Native community/government label at indexed primary-body line 1105; explicit Alaska heading at line 789. The readable 2026-01899 XML body, selected lines 1093–1134, was actually inspected on October 26 and is reused here without redundant retrieval. Grouped/See/aka/parenthetical changed-name entries are skipped. Only names and administrative state setting used; no legal-status, ethnicity, affiliation, homeland or government-power analysis. Official PDF not inspected; no access-control bypass.", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "newtok-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 247, "name": "Nez Perce (Nimiipuu)", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Idaho / Oregon / Washington", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Nimiipuu, also called Nez Perce, is a people-level route broader than the Nez Perce Tribe's Idaho government. A Wallowa community organization's history connects descendants from several reservations with renewed gathering in wal'áwa; a separate NPS account introduces treaty-era divisions among bands.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Nimiipuu is a community name used alongside Nez Perce.", "sourceIds": [ "p247-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Nimiipuu-authored histories, language, homelands, treaties and contemporary government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p247-s1", "p247-s2", "p247-s3" ] }, { "title": "Returning to wal'áwa across reservation communities", "text": "Nez Perce Wallowa Homeland traces its beginnings to Taz Conner, a Nez Perce descendant, and local allies. Its account dates the first Tamkaliks homecoming to 1989 and nonprofit formation to 1996. The organization specifically welcomes Nez Perce descendants from Colville, Umatilla and Nez Perce reservations. This provides a community-organization perspective on reconnection; it does not make those different governments interchangeable.", "sourceIds": [ "b05-nimiipuu-wallowa-history-20261027" ] }, { "title": "Treaty history involved different bands and choices", "text": "NPS's treaty-period account distinguishes the 1855 agreement from the 1863 council held after gold discovery. It describes bands outside the proposed smaller reservation rejecting that agreement while other headmen signed it. This history helps explain why a later reservation or one government cannot stand for every Nimiipuu experience. The original documents and different oral understandings still require separate reading.", "sourceIds": [ "b05-nimiipuu-treaty-period-20261027" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p247-s1", "title": "Camas Prairie History - Nez Perce National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)", "publisher": "nps.gov", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/nepe/learn/historyculture/camas-prairie.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Camas Prairie History - Nez Perce National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p247-s2", "title": "Bear Paw Battlefield History - Nez Perce National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)", "publisher": "nps.gov", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/nepe/learn/historyculture/bear-paw-battlefield-history.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Bear Paw Battlefield History - Nez Perce National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p247-s3", "title": "The Treaty Period - Nez Perce National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)", "publisher": "home.nps.gov", "url": "https://home.nps.gov/nepe/learn/historyculture/the-treaty-era.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “The Treaty Period - Nez Perce National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "b05-nimiipuu-wallowa-history-20261027", "title": "Our Story / Our History — Nez Perce Wallowa Homeland", "publisher": "Nez Perce Wallowa Homeland", "url": "https://www.wallowanezperce.org/about-us/our-history", "type": "Community organization", "topics": [ "Homelands", "Community history", "Cultural continuity" ], "annotation": "A Nez Perce descendant-founded nonprofit's own history of renewed access and cultural gathering in wal'áwa. It follows the 1989 Tamkaliks beginning and 1996 nonprofit establishment, and specifically welcomes descendants from Colville, Umatilla and Nez Perce reservations. Its account supports this organization's history; it is neither a tribal government's statement nor an independently evaluated report of program outcomes. No photographs or embedded media reused.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual main narrative lines 76–98 read, including Taz E. E. Conner's attributed 1994 quotation, origins, 1989 event, 1996 incorporation and cross-reservation welcome. Synthesis selects the historical sequence and named descendant connections. No current acreage or service-availability claim, linked programs, original oral recording, financial record or media inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "b05-nimiipuu-treaty-period-20261027", "title": "The Treaty Period — Nez Perce National Historical Park", "publisher": "National Park Service", "url": "https://home.nps.gov/nepe/learn/historyculture/the-treaty-era.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "History", "Treaties", "Homelands" ], "annotation": "A focused federal public-history account of the 1855 and 1863 councils, gold discovery and disagreement among Nimiipuu bands. Useful for explaining why the later reservation and a people are different scopes. This is a summary, not inspection of the original treaty texts, oral understandings or present law. Its statements about reservation reduction are attributed to NPS rather than converted into a new boundary.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Complete substantive body lines 21–25 read, plus December 29, 2022 update date at line 30. Interactive map, treaty links, images and Flight of 1877 link not inspected. This is a fresh review record with a new ID; baseline p247-s3 is retained unchanged.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "overviewSourceIds": [ "b05-nimiipuu-wallowa-history-20261027", "b05-nimiipuu-treaty-period-20261027" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "researchGaps": [ "More Nimiipuu-authored histories, language publications and distinct Colville, Umatilla and Idaho community perspectives remain to be reviewed.", "The nonprofit's account is organizational self-description; independent program evaluation, original oral recordings and long-term restoration outcomes were not examined.", "Original treaty scans, oral interpretations, band-specific narratives and the linked 1877 material remain unread. No present treaty-rights or homeland-boundary conclusion is proposed.", "No Nimiipuu community review or endorsement is recorded. The Spalding photograph depicts a public NPS visitor center, not a tribal government building or all Nimiipuu community life." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "Two actual public narratives provide a focused starting point on Wallowa reconnection and treaty-era differences. They do not supply a broad Nimiipuu history, specialist language coverage or balanced community-authored documentation across the separate governments.", "remainingLimits": [ "More Nimiipuu-authored histories, language publications and distinct Colville, Umatilla and Idaho community perspectives remain to be reviewed.", "The nonprofit's account is organizational self-description; independent program evaluation, original oral recordings and long-term restoration outcomes were not examined.", "Original treaty scans, oral interpretations, band-specific narratives and the linked 1877 material remain unread. No present treaty-rights or homeland-boundary conclusion is proposed.", "No Nimiipuu community review or endorsement is recorded. The Spalding photograph depicts a public NPS visitor center, not a tribal government building or all Nimiipuu community life." ] }, "startingGuide": { "sources": [ { "sourceId": "b05-nimiipuu-wallowa-history-20261027", "reason": "Start with the descendant-founded organization's historical sequence and explicit cross-reservation welcome." }, { "sourceId": "b05-nimiipuu-treaty-period-20261027", "reason": "Compare its focused account of differing band responses with later community and original treaty sources." } ], "remainingQuestions": [ "More Nimiipuu-authored histories, language publications and distinct Colville, Umatilla and Idaho community perspectives remain to be reviewed.", "The nonprofit's account is organizational self-description; independent program evaluation, original oral recordings and long-term restoration outcomes were not examined.", "Original treaty scans, oral interpretations, band-specific narratives and the linked 1877 material remain unread. No present treaty-rights or homeland-boundary conclusion is proposed." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "batchId": "starter-guides-05", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "researchComplete": false, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "imageRecordId": "nimiipuu-spalding-public-interpretation-nps" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "added": false, "slug": "nez-perce-nimiipuu", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-ID", "name": "Idaho", "key": "us-id" } ] }, { "name": "Nez Perce Tribe", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Idaho", "overview": "The Nez Perce Tribe is an Idaho tribal government rooted in Nimiipuu communities and homelands. Its public history connects fishing, hunting, trade and earlier councils with treaty-era change. Government and resource-care pages show a continuing nation whose responsibilities include community services, cultural preservation, land and water.", "relationshipNote": "This is an individually named government and community route. Its own publications and the selected institutional sources provide the scoped context below. Broader people-level reading routes are related context, not interchangeable governments, an individual citizenship determination or a boundary claim.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Homelands and historical change", "text": "The Tribe places earlier Nimiipuu life across parts of present Idaho, Oregon and Washington, with travel farther east for hunting and trade. Its history describes leaders chosen for particular responsibilities and guided by councils. It then explains the pressures of gold-driven trespass, later treaties and allotment. This is the Tribe's own historical account; precise treaty terms and later court holdings require their original records.", "sourceIds": [ "npt-history-20261027" ] }, { "title": "A continuing tribal government", "text": "The Tribe's government page distinguishes an elected Executive Committee, which makes policy and governs departments, from the General Council of adult tribal citizens. It identifies responsibilities including education, social services, housing, courts and law enforcement. These public descriptions are useful entry points to the named government. They do not assess how services operate for every family or establish current eligibility and access arrangements.", "sourceIds": [ "npt-government-20261027" ] }, { "title": "Culture, land and water together", "text": "The Natural Resources Department describes cultural-resource protection as part of regional management and the continuation of Nimiipuu lifeways. Its public account also covers environmental restoration at Hanford, forestry, land services and water protection. These programs connect cultural responsibilities with ecological concerns and practical government work. Their institutional descriptions identify purposes and activities; they are not independent evaluations of environmental recovery or present program outcomes.", "sourceIds": [ "npt-resources-20261027" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "npt-history-20261027", "title": "History", "publisher": "Nez Perce Tribe", "url": "https://nezperce.org/about/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "History", "Homelands", "Treaties" ], "annotation": "The Tribe's own history connects traditional political organization and regional lifeways with treaties, land reduction and allotment. Its legal and land claims are attributed to the Tribe's public narrative; original instruments and court holdings were not independently reviewed in this pass.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete historical body, lines 8–20, read: Traditional Ways and Treaties. Footer/contact material not used. No original treaties, court cases, linked resources, images or demographic estimates inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "npt-government-20261027", "title": "Government and Services", "publisher": "Nez Perce Tribe", "url": "https://nezperce.org/government/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Government", "Community services" ], "annotation": "A concise direct orientation distinguishing the elected Executive Committee from the General Council and identifying departmental responsibilities. Retained as useful supporting context, not counted as a substantial independent research work.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual main body, lines 8–45, read. Linked NPTEC page lines 10–13 and General Council page line 8 also inspected for context; their personnel lists, schedules, reports and minutes are not used or counted as additional works.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "npt-resources-20261027", "title": "Natural Resources", "publisher": "Nez Perce Tribe", "url": "https://nezperce.org/government/natural-resources/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Cultural preservation", "Land", "Water", "Environmental history" ], "annotation": "The Tribe explains how cultural-resource protection, environmental restoration, land stewardship, forestry and water care fit within its governmental work. These program descriptions are institutional accounts, not independently measured outcomes or proof that all listed positions and services are currently available.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual selected main-body sections read: purpose and Cultural Resources lines 8–31; environmental restoration lines 37–48; Land Services lines 101–107; Forestry lines 114–116; Water Resources lines 124–126. Other exposed page material, staff contacts, changing program notices, linked websites, permits, reports and video are not relied upon.", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-id/tribal-lands", "publisher": "United States Attorney’s Office, District of Idaho", "scope": "Actual Tribal Lands main body, lines39–43; five named governments located wholly/partly in Idaho. Only names and current regional location used; no historical/territorial or population claims adopted. Page updated November2,2021.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://www.bia.gov/regional-offices/northwest/tribes-served", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs, Northwest Regional Office", "scope": "Actual Tribes Served list, lines12–29; exact government labels for Coeur d’Alene, Fort Hall, Kootenai and Nez Perce entries. Regional agency listing does not itself establish a homeland or cultural affiliation.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 247 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Compare the historical narrative with original treaties, allotment records and specific case holdings.", "Broaden family, language, artistic and foodways voices; this institutional selection is not comprehensive.", "Inspect program reports before claiming current outcomes, access or environmental recovery." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A compact source-led introduction to this named government. Selected public sources provide useful orientation, with limited voices, historical coverage and outcome evaluation; no comprehensive completion or community endorsement is claimed.", "remainingLimits": [ "Compare the historical narrative with original treaties, allotment records and specific case holdings.", "Broaden family, language, artistic and foodways voices; this institutional selection is not comprehensive.", "Inspect program reports before claiming current outcomes, access or environmental recovery." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "npt-history-20261027", "npt-government-20261027", "npt-resources-20261027" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Community-specific starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "sourceReuseProvenance": [], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-02", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "npt-history-20261027", "reason": "Begin with the Tribe's own regional history and account of treaty-era change." }, { "sourceId": "npt-resources-20261027", "reason": "See cultural and environmental responsibilities described together by the Tribe." } ], "scopeNote": "Named government route; nearby people-level profiles remain related reading rather than interchangeable identities. Review dates and selected-content limits are preserved.", "reviewBasis": "Prior actual-content source records reused with explicit provenance; Nez Perce sources newly inspected on the package date. Picture review is recorded separately.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Compare the historical narrative with original treaties, allotment records and specific case holdings.", "Broaden family, language, artistic and foodways voices; this institutional selection is not comprehensive.", "Inspect program reports before claiming current outcomes, access or environmental recovery." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "additionalSupportingContext": [ { "sourceId": "npt-government-20261027", "reason": "Use the direct government orientation to distinguish its institutions." } ], "imageRecordId": "nez-perce-tribe-spalding-visitor-center-nps" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "A community-specific starting guide reuses selected earlier actual-content reviews with their original dates/scopes. It does not add new global works merely because a URL appears on this route. Picture identification/rights are separate from historical adequacy or community endorsement." ], "identityVerificationNote": "Individually named Idaho government in the inspected federal directory. This name-only pass does not determine a broader people/language affiliation or make it synonymous with an existing people-level route.", "slug": "nez-perce-tribe", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-ID", "name": "Idaho", "key": "us-id" } ] }, { "originalId": 248, "name": "Ngäbe", "region": "Central America / Panama / Costa Rica", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Ngäbe people have communities across Panama and Costa Rica. They are distinct from Buglé people.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Ngäbe people have communities across Panama and Costa Rica. They are distinct from Buglé people.", "sourceIds": [ "p248-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Ngäbere language, self-designation, territory and community institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p248-s1", "p248-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p248-s1", "title": "Los Ngäbe y los Buglé", "url": "https://www.minsa.gob.pa/sites/default/files/publicacion-general/plan_de_pueblos_indigenas-28_de_noviembre.pdf", "publisher": "minsa.gob.pa", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p248-s2", "title": "Datos sobre las etnias Ngäbe y Buglé", "publisher": "educapanama.edu.pa", "url": "https://www.educapanama.edu.pa/?q=download%2Ffile%2Ffid%2F16823", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Datos sobre las etnias Ngäbe y Buglé” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "ngabe", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CR", "name": "Costa Rica", "key": "cr" }, { "id": "PA", "name": "Panama", "key": "pa" } ] }, { "name": "Nikolai Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Nikolai Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This is a findable name-only route, not a newly identified distinct people or a claim about current ethnicity, language, ancestry, affiliation, jurisdiction or exclusive representation. A similarly named municipality or Native corporation is not substituted for the named Native entity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "title": "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102–4106, 2026-01899", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "scope": "Exact selected Native community/government label at indexed primary-body line 1107; explicit Alaska heading at line 789. The readable 2026-01899 XML body, selected lines 1093–1134, was actually inspected on October 26 and is reused here without redundant retrieval. Grouped/See/aka/parenthetical changed-name entries are skipped. Only names and administrative state setting used; no legal-status, ethnicity, affiliation, homeland or government-power analysis. Official PDF not inspected; no access-control bypass.", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "nikolai-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Ninilchik Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Ninilchik Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This is a findable name-only route, not a newly identified distinct people or a claim about current ethnicity, language, ancestry, affiliation, jurisdiction or exclusive representation. A similarly named municipality or Native corporation is not substituted for the named Native entity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "title": "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102–4106, 2026-01899", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "scope": "Exact selected Native community/government label at indexed primary-body line 1109; explicit Alaska heading at line 789. The readable 2026-01899 XML body, selected lines 1093–1134, was actually inspected on October 26 and is reused here without redundant retrieval. Grouped/See/aka/parenthetical changed-name entries are skipped. Only names and administrative state setting used; no legal-status, ethnicity, affiliation, homeland or government-power analysis. Official PDF not inspected; no access-control bypass.", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "ninilchik-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Nipissing First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — Lake Huron region member listing", "overview": "Nipissing First Nation’s public sources connect Nbisiing language and historical learning with continuing responsibilities to Lake Nipissing. The Culture Centre’s account and a joint statement with Dokis offer two complementary ways into community knowledge and stewardship.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. Membership alone is not treated as proof of Ojibwe, Anishinaabe or other ethnic identity.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Learning through community archives and living knowledge", "text": "Nipissing’s Culture Centre describes its work as restoring the Nbisiing dialect and strengthening cultural and historical learning. Its public account brings together archival documents, photographs, earlier interviews and conversations with elders. Hockey history and the Nipissing Indian Homemakers Club appear among its research initiatives. These are community-led routes into history; the linked books, recordings and exhibits require their own inspection.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-nipissing-culture" ] }, { "title": "Working with Dokis across connected waters", "text": "In their September 2026 statement, Nipissing and Dokis describe linked families, histories and responsibilities to Lake Nipissing and the French River. They announce a joint committee for shared stewardship priorities. This is a dated statement of intention, not evidence that every proposed activity has since been completed.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-nipissing-stewardship" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p6-nipissing-culture", "title": "Culture & Heritage", "publisher": "Nipissing First Nation", "url": "https://nfn.ca/culture-heritage/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Public history", "Community knowledge" ], "annotation": "Read the complete Culture and Heritage body, including its mandate, archive-and-elder research methods, hockey and Homemakers initiatives. This is the Nation’s public program account. Listed books, interviews, film and ceremonial teachings were not separately inspected or reproduced.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Complete main Culture & Heritage body, including mandate, Culture, Heritage, initiative descriptions and publications list; web body lines166–213.", "accessNotes": "Public actual-content body/PDF selected pages were read without a login. Nation’s own public program interpretation. Listed books, interviews, documentary, ceremonies and source collections not independently inspected. Contact details were not copied into synthesis." }, { "id": "p6-nipissing-stewardship", "title": "Joint Statement: Nipissing First Nation and Dokis First Nation Strengthen Shared Stewardship of Our Lands and Waters", "publisher": "Nipissing First Nation and Dokis First Nation", "url": "https://nfn.ca/nfn-and-dfn-strengthen-shared-stewardship-of-our-lands-and-waters/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Stewardship", "Relationships", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Complete September 9, 2026 joint statement read. Describes connected family histories and a planned joint stewardship committee. It records a commitment at that date, not verified later implementation, settled boundaries or a legal determination.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "2026-09-09", "contentReviewScope": "Complete September9,2026 joint statement, web body lines137–145.", "accessNotes": "Public actual-content body/PDF selected pages were read without a login. Joint community statement of relationship and intent. No current legal borders, committee implementation or future outcome inferred; not counted again on Dokis." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page18 (zero-based17): named member entry with Ontario address; parenthetical name retained only where explicit.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections.", "Inspect the community-authored history and Homemakers publications beyond this public program account.", "Review subsequent reports of the Nipissing–Dokis committee before asserting outcomes.", "Expand the guide with community-specific fishing, language, family and education histories; no present population or speaker count is asserted." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A small, purposefully selected actual-content starting path and specifically scoped credited image are now available. Fuller history, source comparison and community review remain open; quantity does not establish completion.", "remainingLimits": [ "Inspect the community-authored history and Homemakers publications beyond this public program account.", "Review subsequent reports of the Nipissing–Dokis committee before asserting outcomes.", "Expand the guide with community-specific fishing, language, family and education histories; no present population or speaker count is asserted." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p6-nipissing-culture", "p6-nipissing-stewardship" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; fuller history remains open", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-06", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "scopeNote": "A short starting path through selected actual-content works. Read each annotation for the specific community, period and inspection limits; this is not a complete history or community endorsement.", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p6-nipissing-culture", "reason": "Begin with the Nation’s explanation of how archives, elders and community projects contribute to historical knowledge." }, { "sourceId": "p6-nipissing-stewardship", "reason": "Read the joint statement as a dated account of an inter-community relationship and proposed shared work." } ], "imageRecordId": "c06-nipissing-garden-village-2010" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Cohort06: selected actual-content sources and specifically scoped credited imagery form a bounded starting guide. Reused publications/photos are not new global works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "nipissing-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "originalId": 249, "name": "Nipmuc", "region": "Northeast / Massachusetts", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Nipmuc communities have enduring relationships with central New England and publish their own accounts.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Nipmuc communities have enduring relationships with central New England and publish their own accounts.", "sourceIds": [ "p249-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Distinct Nipmuc communities, language, land and continuity. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p249-s1", "p249-s2", "p249-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p249-s1", "title": "History, Hassanamisco Nipmuc Nation", "publisher": "nipmucnation.org", "url": "https://nipmucnation.org/history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History, Hassanamisco Nipmuc Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p249-s2", "title": "Understanding Splinter Groups, Hassanamisco Nipmuc Nation", "publisher": "nipmucnation.org", "url": "https://nipmucnation.org/splinter-groups", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Understanding Splinter Groups, Hassanamisco Nipmuc Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p249-s3", "title": "The Dialectology of", "publisher": "nipmuck.org", "url": "https://www.nipmuck.org/fileadmin/files/Documents/Articles/costa-dialectology.pdf?c20acdadd01339eb46413b69f3edfa062279a35f=", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “The Dialectology of” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "nipmuc", "regionGroups": [ "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MA", "name": "Massachusetts", "key": "us-ma" } ] }, { "originalId": 251, "name": "Nisenan", "region": "California", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Nisenan people have homelands in the Sierra Nevada foothills and Sacramento Valley region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Nisenan people have homelands in the Sierra Nevada foothills and Sacramento Valley region.", "sourceIds": [ "p251-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-specific history, language, land and the limitations of broader Maidu labels. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p251-s1", "p251-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p251-s1", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Nisenan", "publisher": "imls.gov", "url": "https://www.imls.gov/grant-spotlights/focus-nisenan-building-collaboration-develop-local-indian-resources-rural-community", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Nisenan” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p251-s2", "title": "Nisenan Heritage | Nevada County, CA", "publisher": "nevadacountyca.gov", "url": "https://nevadacountyca.gov/2862/Nisenan-Heritage", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Nisenan Heritage | Nevada County, CA” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "nisenan", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 250, "name": "Nisga'a", "region": "British Columbia", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Nisg̱a’a people have homelands in the Nass River region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Nisg̱a’a people have homelands in the Nass River region.", "sourceIds": [ "p250-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Nisg̱a’a-authored history, language, treaty history and contemporary institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p250-s1", "p250-s2", "p250-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p250-s1", "title": "Nisg̱a'a Treaty - Nisg̱a’a Lisims Government", "publisher": "nisgaanation.ca", "url": "https://www.nisgaanation.ca/government/nisgaa-treaty/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Nisg̱a'a Treaty - Nisg̱a’a Lisims Government” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p250-s2", "title": "Nisgaa-Gitksan Language and the Nisga'a-Gitxsan First Nations (Nass, Nisgha, Niska)", "publisher": "native-languages.org", "url": "https://www.native-languages.org/nisgaa-gitxsan.htm", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Nisgaa-Gitksan Language and the Nisga'a-Gitxsan First Nations (Nass, Nisgha, Niska)” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p250-s3", "title": "Full Multi - Nisg̱a'a Final Agreement Act", "publisher": "bclaws.gov.bc.ca", "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/lc/statreg/99002_00_multi", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Full Multi - Nisg̱a'a Final Agreement Act” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "nisgaa", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 252, "name": "Nlaka'pamux", "region": "British Columbia", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Nlaka’pamux is a people’s name also encountered under the historical outside name Thompson.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Nlaka’pamux is a people’s name also encountered under the historical outside name Thompson.", "sourceIds": [ "p252-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language, Fraser and Thompson river homelands and community-specific institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p252-s1", "p252-s2", "p252-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p252-s1", "title": "Nlaka’pamux Nation Tribal Council - Province of British Columbia", "publisher": "www2.gov.bc.ca", "url": "https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/environment/natural-resource-stewardship/consulting-with-first-nations/first-nations-negotiations/first-nations-a-z-listing/nlaka-pamux-tribal-council", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Nlaka’pamux Nation Tribal Council - Province of British Columbia” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p252-s2", "title": "Nlaka’pamux First Nations - Province of British Columbia", "publisher": "www2.gov.bc.ca", "url": "https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/environment/natural-resource-stewardship/consulting-with-first-nations/first-nations-negotiations/first-nations-a-z-listing/nlaka-pamux", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Nlaka’pamux First Nations - Province of British Columbia” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p252-s3", "title": "Stein Valley Nlaka'pamux Heritage Park Management Plan - June 1, 2000", "publisher": "nrs.objectstore.gov.bc.ca", "url": "https://nrs.objectstore.gov.bc.ca/kuwyyf/stein_valley_nlakapamux_heritage_pk_mp_20000601_315c2458cb.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Stein Valley Nlaka'pamux Heritage Park Management Plan - June 1, 2000” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 383 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "relationshipNote": "The original list preserves this name as an access point. Compare the related entries and community-preferred spellings; overlapping names do not always mean identical political communities.", "added": false, "slug": "nlakapamux", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Nokoni", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Historical Comanche band / division name", "region": "Texas", "overview": "Nokoni is a historical Comanche band/division name with its own directory route. The Texas report connects the name with a wider history of local bands and divisions and describes a historical range extending beyond today’s Texas boundary. Anderson’s account of the 1868–1869 winter campaign provides a specifically named episode involving Horseback’s Nokoni camp. It should be read as an outside military-history interpretation, alongside further community histories and original records.", "relationshipNote": "The December 2021 report identifies this name within historical Comanche band/division organization. This is a historical name-only access route linked to the broader Comanche collection, not a newly established separate people, present-day government, citizenship category or exclusive descendant group. The report describes band formation and political organization as fluid. Printed spellings in the inspected December 2021 synthesis, attributed there to CLCPC 2010. They are not independently verified community-preferred present orthography; no translations or pronunciation claims are adopted.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Read the name within a fluid band structure", "text": "The consulted report places Nokoni among named historical Comanche divisions and notes relationships with smaller local groups. It describes bands forming and separating through family and political relationships. These changing arrangements should not be converted into a fixed modern nation list or an exclusive genealogy.", "sourceIds": [ "p83-txdot2021" ] }, { "title": "Winter provisions and community survival", "text": "Anderson identifies the camp attacked at Soldier Spring as Horseback’s Nokoni village. His account describes the destruction of stored food needed for winter and later movement toward federal posts. This focused episode opens questions about families, survival and diplomacy; original military reports and community accounts remain separate research tasks.", "sourceIds": [ "c5-nokoni-canadian-river" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p83-txdot2021", "title": "TxDOT Tribal Histories: Comanche Nation Research Report — selected pages", "url": "https://ftp.txdot.gov/pub/txdot-info/env/toolkit/415-03-rpt.pdf", "publisher": "Texas Department of Transportation", "type": "Government / community-consulted research", "topics": [ "Texas", "History", "Bands", "Displacement" ], "annotation": "A chronological Texas synthesis prepared with the Nation’s historic-preservation office. Selected text supports a regional starting guide; its sources, dates and interpretations still need comparison.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Downloaded actual72-page PDF and read selected text: printed/PDFpp3,6–10,35–36,50–54. Map images and cited originals were not inspected; no sensitive-site locations or ceremonial instructions are reproduced.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessStatus": "Public text inspected", "language": "en", "publicationDate": "2021-12", "citation": "Texas Department of Transportation. 2021. TxDOT Tribal Histories: Comanche Nation Research Report. December. Selected pages.", "accessNotes": "Browser fetch timed out; official file downloaded successfully and selected pages extracted with pypdf. Review is textual, not visual inspection of illustrations. Internal chronology includes Texas annexation as1846 onp36 and a March1882 visit after1891 onp54; these dates are not adopted. Evaluative claims about individual leaders and reported historical counts remain outside this synthesis. Consultation does not make every statement independently verified.", "perspective": "Agency synthesis with documented Comanche THPO consultation; underlying works not independently inspected.", "countReason": "One substantial directly relevant report, selected pages read; alternate host and archive editions would be the same work." }, { "id": "c5-nokoni-canadian-river", "title": "Canadian River Expedition — selected Nokoni camp and winter-campaign account", "publisher": "Texas State Historical Association / Handbook of Texas Online; Hugh Allen Anderson", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/canadian-river-expedition", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Historical bands", "Texas", "History" ], "annotation": "An outside military-history account that specifically identifies Horseback’s Nokoni camp at Soldier Spring and describes the destruction of winter provisions and subsequent movement. Its military framing, labels and broad opening chronology require comparison with Indigenous histories; casualty figures and current legal conclusions are not adopted.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete main body and bibliography read, web lines6–28. Synthesis limited to the Soldier Spring camp, winter provisions and subsequent Nokoni movement, especially16–21. Opening Washita chronology, casualty totals, military justifications, underlying reports and cited books are not adopted or independently verified.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessNotes": "Public HTML main body inspected. Bibliography points to further works; those underlying publications and original records were not read here." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://ftp.txdot.gov/pub/txdot-info/env/toolkit/415-03-rpt.pdf", "title": "TxDOT Tribal Histories: Comanche Nation Research Report", "publisher": "Texas Department of Transportation", "sourceDate": "December 2021", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "scope": "Actual PDF printed and physical pages 9: The report explicitly calls Nokoni a band, prints Nokoninvv, and describes north Texas to New Mexico. It also groups Nokoni with the separately named Tanima and Tenawa as Middle Comanche; that collective label is not adopted as an exact alias for Nokoni. Historical name/relationship check only; no present-government or present-membership claim.", "selectedPages": [ 9 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 8 ], "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [ "Nokoninvv" ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 83 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "comanche" ], "researchGaps": [ "Seek band-specific community-authored histories and further Indigenous scholarship; the current path relies partly on outside historical synthesis.", "Read underlying manuscripts, negotiations, oral-history publications and later community histories before expanding the chronology.", "Historical band labels do not establish a separate present government, exact territory, citizenship or individual descent. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded historical-band starting path from two actual-content works, with attributed perspectives and explicit limits; further community-directed research remains open.", "remainingLimits": [ "Seek band-specific community-authored histories and further Indigenous scholarship; the current path relies partly on outside historical synthesis.", "Read underlying manuscripts, negotiations, oral-history publications and later community histories before expanding the chronology.", "Historical band labels do not establish a separate present government, exact territory, citizenship or individual descent. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p83-txdot2021", "c5-nokoni-canadian-river" ], "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "startingGuide": { "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p83-txdot2021", "reason": "Begin with the selected band-organization discussion and its limits on fixed labels." }, { "sourceId": "c5-nokoni-canadian-river", "reason": "Continue to the specifically attributed historical episode or leader account; underlying original records remain further reading." } ], "remainingQuestions": [ "Seek band-specific community-authored histories and further Indigenous scholarship; the current path relies partly on outside historical synthesis.", "Read underlying manuscripts, negotiations, oral-history publications and later community histories before expanding the chronology.", "Historical band labels do not establish a separate present government, exact territory, citizenship or individual descent. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "scopeNote": "Historical Comanche band/division route; not automatically a separate present government or an exhaustive community history.", "batchId": "starter-guides-05", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "researchComplete": false, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "imageRecordId": "nokoni-horseback-record-soule-nara-533053" }, "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "p83-txdot2021", "sourceProfile": "comanche", "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "originalContentReviewScope": "Downloaded actual72-page PDF and read selected text: printed/PDFpp3,6–10,35–36,50–54. Map images and cited originals were not inspected; no sensitive-site locations or ceremonial instructions are reproduced.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "inspectionBasis": "Exact earlier actual-content source object reused with original date and scope. Selected band-structure pages9–10 reread locally; this does not create another globally new work." } ], "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "nokoni", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-TX", "name": "Texas", "key": "us-tx" } ] }, { "name": "Nome Eskimo Community", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Nome Eskimo Community has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This is a findable name-only route, not a newly identified distinct people or a claim about current ethnicity, language, ancestry, affiliation, jurisdiction or exclusive representation. A similarly named municipality or Native corporation is not substituted for the named Native entity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "title": "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102–4106, 2026-01899", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "scope": "Exact selected Native community/government label at indexed primary-body line 1111; explicit Alaska heading at line 789. The readable 2026-01899 XML body, selected lines 1093–1134, was actually inspected on October 26 and is reused here without redundant retrieval. Grouped/See/aka/parenthetical changed-name entries are skipped. Only names and administrative state setting used; no legal-status, ethnicity, affiliation, homeland or government-power analysis. Official PDF not inspected; no access-control bypass.", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "nome-eskimo-community", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 253, "name": "Nomlaki", "region": "California", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Nomlaki people have homelands in northern California and continue through distinct communities.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Nomlaki people have homelands in northern California and continue through distinct communities.", "sourceIds": [ "p253-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language history, local communities, land and contemporary tribal governments. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p253-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p253-s1", "title": "Paskenta Band of Nomlaki Indians Tribal State Gaming Compact | Indian Affairs", "publisher": "bia.gov", "url": "https://www.bia.gov/as-ia/oig/gaming-compacts/2020-12-11/paskenta-band-nomlaki-indians-tribal-state-gaming-compact", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Paskenta Band of Nomlaki Indians Tribal State Gaming Compact | Indian Affairs” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "nomlaki", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 254, "name": "Nooksack", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Washington", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Nooksack Indian Tribe has homelands in northwestern Washington.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Nooksack Indian Tribe has homelands in northwestern Washington.", "sourceIds": [ "p254-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Nooksack-authored history, language, treaty context and government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p254-s1", "p254-s2", "p254-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p254-s1", "title": "NOOKSACK TRIBAL CULTURAL COMMITTEE BYLAWS", "publisher": "nooksacktribe.org", "url": "https://nooksacktribe.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Reso-19-154-Cultural-Committee-Bylaws-and-Member-Appointment.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “NOOKSACK TRIBAL CULTURAL COMMITTEE BYLAWS” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p254-s2", "title": "Natural Resources - Nooksack Indian Tribe", "publisher": "nooksacktribe.org", "url": "https://nooksacktribe.org/natural-resources/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Natural Resources - Nooksack Indian Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p254-s3", "title": "Gallery - Nooksack", "publisher": "language.nooksacktribe.org", "url": "https://language.nooksacktribe.org/gallery/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Gallery - Nooksack” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "nooksack", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "name": "Noorvik Native Community", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Noorvik Native Community has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This is a findable name-only route, not a newly identified distinct people or a claim about current ethnicity, language, ancestry, affiliation, jurisdiction or exclusive representation. A similarly named municipality or Native corporation is not substituted for the named Native entity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "title": "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102–4106, 2026-01899", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "scope": "Exact selected Native community/government label at indexed primary-body line 1115; explicit Alaska heading at line 789. The readable 2026-01899 XML body, selected lines 1093–1134, was actually inspected on October 26 and is reused here without redundant retrieval. Grouped/See/aka/parenthetical changed-name entries are skipped. Only names and administrative state setting used; no legal-status, ethnicity, affiliation, homeland or government-power analysis. Official PDF not inspected; no access-control bypass.", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "noorvik-native-community", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Northern Arapaho Tribe of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Wyoming", "overview": "Northern Arapaho Tribe of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "northern-arapaho-tribe-of-the-wind-river-reservation-wyoming", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WY", "name": "Wyoming", "key": "us-wy" } ] }, { "name": "Northern Cheyenne Tribe of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation, Montana", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Montana", "overview": "Northern Cheyenne Tribe of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation, Montana has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "northern-cheyenne-tribe-of-the-northern-cheyenne-indian-reservation-montana", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MT", "name": "Montana", "key": "us-mt" } ] }, { "originalId": 255, "name": "Northern Paiute", "region": "Great Basin / Western United States", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Northern Paiute connects distinct Great Basin and adjoining communities and regional language varieties. This route pairs selected language scholarship with the Shoshone-Paiute Tribes' own Duck Valley history, keeping a language area separate from any one government or exact homeland boundary.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Northern Paiute refers to distinct communities across the Great Basin and adjoining regions.", "sourceIds": [ "p255-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Local self-designations, language, land and separate tribal governments. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p255-s1", "p255-s2", "p255-s3" ] }, { "title": "Language varieties and the limits of a language map", "text": "The California Language Archive describes Northern Paiute as a Numic language with regional varieties extending from the Mono Lake area through Nevada to Oregon and Idaho. Thornes and Toosarvandani's 2020 introduction discusses documentation across communities and warns that reservation-era movement complicates older dialect geography. A linguistic grouping, including discussion of Bannock varieties, does not determine political identity or governmental jurisdiction.", "sourceIds": [ "b05-northern-paiute-cla-reviewed-20261024", "b05-northern-paiute-texts-intro-reviewed-20261024" ] }, { "title": "Duck Valley is one shared local history", "text": "The Shoshone-Paiute Tribes identify Western Shoshone and Northern Paiute descendants at Duck Valley. Their history distinguishes reservation establishment in 1877 from expansions in 1886 and 1910 and recounts resistance to a proposed relocation to Fort Hall. It also describes a joint government organized under a 1936 constitution. This is a particular community account, rather than the history of every Northern Paiute community.", "sourceIds": [ "b05-northern-paiute-duck-valley-reviewed-20261023" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p255-s1", "title": "Northern Paiute", "publisher": "cla.berkeley.edu", "url": "https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/northern-paiute.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Northern Paiute” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p255-s2", "title": "Northern Paiute Texts: Introduction1 | International Journal of American Linguistics: Vol 86, No S1", "publisher": "journals.uchicago.edu", "url": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/707224", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Northern Paiute Texts: Introduction1 | International Journal of American Linguistics: Vol 86, No S1” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p255-s3", "title": "Northern Paiute Texts: Introduction1 | International Journal of American Linguistics: Vol 86, No S1", "publisher": "journals.uchicago.edu", "url": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/707224", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Northern Paiute Texts: Introduction1 | International Journal of American Linguistics: Vol 86, No S1” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "b05-northern-paiute-cla-reviewed-20261024", "title": "Northern Paiute", "url": "https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/northern-paiute.html", "publisher": "California Language Archive, University of California Berkeley", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-24", "contentReviewScope": "Main body lines0–54: language geography, classification, grammatical overview, documentation and reading links. Audio, linked scholarship and images not inspected.", "annotation": "Academic orientation to Northern Paiute as a Western Numic language with regional varieties. Distinguish its linguistic geography from governments and historical borders; dated speaker/population estimates are not current statistics.", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Language", "Identity" ], "accessed": "2026-10-24" }, { "id": "b05-northern-paiute-texts-intro-reviewed-20261024", "title": "Northern Paiute Texts: Introduction", "url": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/707224", "author": "Tim Thornes and Maziar Toosarvandani", "publisher": "International Journal of American Linguistics 86(S1), May29,2020", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-24", "contentReviewScope": "Abstract and sections1–3 (history/background, dialect geography, documentation history), lines33–101; selected section4 text through line178 also exposed/read. Later article sections and individual contributed narratives are not claimed inspected. Page identifies article as Free; actual full-text HTML accessible.", "annotation": "The editors describe collaboration with several speech communities and documentation across varieties. They distinguish northern and southern dialect groupings while warning that reservation-era movement makes older dialect geography difficult to reconstruct. This is one introduction, not inspection of every text in the volume.", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Language", "Documentation", "Community collaboration" ], "accessed": "2026-10-24" }, { "id": "b05-northern-paiute-duck-valley-reviewed-20261023", "title": "Our History — Cultural Department", "publisher": "Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Indian Reservation", "url": "https://shopaitribes.org/cultural-department/", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Complete visible history body, lines43–61, read October23. Linked history videos were not played and photographs not reused.", "annotation": "The joint government identifies Western Shoshone and Northern Paiute descendants at Duck Valley and recounts reservation creation/expansion, resistance to relocation, schooling and constitutional organization. This is its institutional history, not a uniform history of all Northern Paiute communities. Undated membership and present-program figures are not used.", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community history", "Homelands", "Government" ], "accessed": "2026-10-23" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 276 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "overviewSourceIds": [ "b05-northern-paiute-cla-reviewed-20261024", "b05-northern-paiute-texts-intro-reviewed-20261024", "b05-northern-paiute-duck-valley-reviewed-20261023" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "researchGaps": [ "This selection combines linguistic orientation with one joint government's history; other Northern Paiute community histories, authors, foodways, education and present language work remain uneven.", "The 2020 editors' introduction was inspected in selected sections; individual contributed narratives and the complete volume were not reviewed.", "Duck Valley is a Western Shoshone–Northern Paiute joint government and one local history. Bannock linguistic classification does not erase distinct Bannock community or governmental identities.", "Original executive orders, constitutions and later amendments were not added in this bounded selection. No current population, present legal-status audit, boundary or membership conclusion is proposed.", "The 2026-10-23/24 review dates and scopes come from the saved reviewed draft, not a new full-source review. Berkeley and Duck Valley public bodies were additionally opened for current visual/context checks on October 27, without changing those retained review dates.", "No Northern Paiute community review or endorsement is recorded. The photo concerns a specifically identified Duck Valley project in 2015." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "Three selected actual reviews from the saved October 23–24 evidence draft support a concise language-and-community starting route. No legacy integration script was run; baseline sources retain their original objects and URLs. Linguistic and local-government perspectives remain narrower than the broader Northern Paiute route.", "remainingLimits": [ "This selection combines linguistic orientation with one joint government's history; other Northern Paiute community histories, authors, foodways, education and present language work remain uneven.", "The 2020 editors' introduction was inspected in selected sections; individual contributed narratives and the complete volume were not reviewed.", "Duck Valley is a Western Shoshone–Northern Paiute joint government and one local history. Bannock linguistic classification does not erase distinct Bannock community or governmental identities.", "Original executive orders, constitutions and later amendments were not added in this bounded selection. No current population, present legal-status audit, boundary or membership conclusion is proposed.", "The 2026-10-23/24 review dates and scopes come from the saved reviewed draft, not a new full-source review. Berkeley and Duck Valley public bodies were additionally opened for current visual/context checks on October 27, without changing those retained review dates.", "No Northern Paiute community review or endorsement is recorded. The photo concerns a specifically identified Duck Valley project in 2015." ] }, "startingGuide": { "sources": [ { "sourceId": "b05-northern-paiute-duck-valley-reviewed-20261023", "reason": "Begin with a directly attributed joint-community history, keeping Duck Valley's specific scope clear." }, { "sourceId": "b05-northern-paiute-texts-intro-reviewed-20261024", "reason": "Read the selected introduction for collaboration and the cautions around dialect geography; the narratives themselves remain unreviewed." }, { "sourceId": "b05-northern-paiute-cla-reviewed-20261024", "reason": "Use the archive's linguistic orientation alongside community accounts; avoid treating its dated numbers as current." } ], "remainingQuestions": [ "This selection combines linguistic orientation with one joint government's history; other Northern Paiute community histories, authors, foodways, education and present language work remain uneven.", "The 2020 editors' introduction was inspected in selected sections; individual contributed narratives and the complete volume were not reviewed.", "Duck Valley is a Western Shoshone–Northern Paiute joint government and one local history. Bannock linguistic classification does not erase distinct Bannock community or governmental identities.", "Original executive orders, constitutions and later amendments were not added in this bounded selection. No current population, present legal-status audit, boundary or membership conclusion is proposed." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "batchId": "starter-guides-05", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "researchComplete": false, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "imageRecordId": "paiute-northern-duck-valley-greenhouses-hedrick-2015" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "added": false, "slug": "northern-paiute", "regionGroups": [ "Great Basin" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" }, { "id": "US-ID", "name": "Idaho", "key": "us-id" }, { "id": "US-NV", "name": "Nevada", "key": "us-nv" }, { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" } ] }, { "originalId": 256, "name": "Northern Pomo", "region": "California", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Northern Pomo is a regional people and language label within a wider Pomo context.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Northern Pomo is a regional people and language label within a wider Pomo context.", "sourceIds": [ "p256-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Individual communities, language documentation and distinct tribal histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p256-s1", "p256-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p256-s1", "title": "Stories and Texts", "publisher": "northernpomolanguagetools.com", "url": "https://northernpomolanguagetools.com/texts/oldcode/old2.html", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Stories and Texts” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p256-s2", "title": "Northern Pomo", "publisher": "cla.berkeley.edu", "url": "https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/northern-pomo.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Northern Pomo” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 301 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "northern-pomo", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Northway Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Northway Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This is a findable name-only route, not a newly identified distinct people or a claim about current ethnicity, language, ancestry, affiliation, jurisdiction or exclusive representation. A similarly named municipality or Native corporation is not substituted for the named Native entity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "title": "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102–4106, 2026-01899", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "scope": "Exact selected Native community/government label at indexed primary-body line 1116; explicit Alaska heading at line 789. The readable 2026-01899 XML body, selected lines 1093–1134, was actually inspected on October 26 and is reused here without redundant retrieval. Grouped/See/aka/parenthetical changed-name entries are skipped. Only names and administrative state setting used; no legal-status, ethnicity, affiliation, homeland or government-power analysis. Official PDF not inspected; no access-control bypass.", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "northway-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Nottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi Indians", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Michigan", "overview": "The Nottawaseppi Huron Band of the Potawatomi has a distinct community history centered on Pine Creek in Michigan. The Band’s public account describes return after removal and a prolonged recognition effort, concluding with federal recognition in1995. It offers a direct community voice and a starting chronology. A separately identified enterprise image shows one institution associated with the Band; it should not stand for all of the community’s culture, history or present life.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Michigan government. Do not infer a relationship to the existing Huron/Wendat people-level entry merely from the word Huron in this government name.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Return and persistence", "text": "Read the Band’s account of people returning to Michigan after removal alongside its discussion of federal recognition efforts. A policy or removal narrative does not mean that every family experienced the same journey.", "sourceIds": [ "nhbp-history-20261027" ] }, { "title": "The scope of the photograph", "text": "FireKeepers is a named Band enterprise, and the official account dates its opening to2009. The photograph is an exterior view from that year, not a portrait of Tribal members or evidence of present economic conditions.", "sourceIds": [ "nhbp-firekeepers-context-20261027" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "nhbp-history-20261027", "title": "History", "publisher": "Nottawaseppi Huron Band of the Potawatomi", "url": "https://nhbp-nsn.gov/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led / community government", "topics": [ "Pine Creek", "Community history", "Removal resistance" ], "annotation": "The Band connects Pine Creek community continuity with resistance to removal and its1995 recognition. The page is a concise community narrative rather than a complete treaty or family history.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Entire displayed four-paragraph History body read. Original treaty texts, acknowledgment files, membership histories and present legal entitlements were not inspected in this bounded review.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "nhbp-firekeepers-context-20261027", "title": "FireKeepers Casino Hotel — community enterprise context", "publisher": "Nottawaseppi Huron Band of the Potawatomi", "url": "https://nhbp-nsn.gov/firekeepers/", "type": "Indigenous-led / community government", "topics": [ "Enterprise context", "Image identification" ], "annotation": "Supporting identification of the Band’s named enterprise and2009 opening, used to scope the historical exterior photograph. Promotional economic outcomes are not independently established.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Complete short public enterprise body60–68 read; used only for institutional connection and opening year, not visitor information, gaming promotion, audited finances or community-wide outcomes.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Supporting identification or visual/context bridge; excluded from substantive-work and starting-path counts." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/egle/about/tribal-relations", "publisher": "Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy", "scope": "Actual Michigan is home to12federally recognized Tribes list, lines447–470; only names, Michigan location and government kind used. Other page content and linked tribal destinations not reviewed for this pass.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/som/government/branches-of-government/tribal-government", "publisher": "State of Michigan", "scope": "Actual Tribal Governments in Michigan entries, lines147–234; used for exact name variants and only the specifically stated relationships noted in each candidate. No current figures, legal or historical chronology adopted.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [ "Huron Potawatomi-Nottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi" ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Read original acknowledgment and historical documents alongside the concise Band narrative.", "Add further community-authored cultural, language and everyday-life sources." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded named-community starting guide, with selected inspected reading and an individually scoped picture. Broader history, original records and community review remain open.", "remainingLimits": [ "Read original acknowledgment and historical documents alongside the concise Band narrative.", "Add further community-authored cultural, language and everyday-life sources." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "nhbp-history-20261027", "nhbp-firekeepers-context-20261027" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-03", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "nhbp-history-20261027", "reason": "Start with this community-published account." } ], "scopeNote": "An individually named community/government route; broader people labels and neighboring communities remain related context, not interchangeable identities.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "remainingQuestions": [ "Read original acknowledgment and historical documents alongside the concise Band narrative.", "Add further community-authored cultural, language and everyday-life sources." ], "imageRecordId": "nhbp-firekeepers-rawmustard-2009" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "This reviewed starting guide records selected actual-content sources, their perspectives and access limits. Reused earlier reviews retain their original dates/scopes; images and repeated URLs do not create new historical works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "nottawaseppi-huron-band-of-potawatomi-indians", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MI", "name": "Michigan", "key": "us-mi" } ] }, { "originalId": 257, "name": "Nottoway", "region": "Southeast / Virginia / North Carolina", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Nottoway is a people and language name with distinct contemporary community contexts.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Nottoway is a people and language name with distinct contemporary community contexts.", "sourceIds": [ "p257-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community self-identification, Iroquoian language history and local institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p257-s1", "p257-s2", "p257-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p257-s1", "title": "Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) | Virginia Department of Education", "publisher": "doe.virginia.gov", "url": "https://www.doe.virginia.gov/teaching-learning-assessment/k-12-standards-instruction/history-and-social-science/virginia-s-first-people-past-and-present/today/cheroenhaka-nottoway", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) | Virginia Department of Education” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p257-s2", "title": "Microsoft Word - 087-5675_MPD_Nottoway_Tribe_in_VA_2021_NRHP_FINAL", "publisher": "dhr.virginia.gov", "url": "https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/087-5675_MPD_Nottoway_Tribe_in_VA_2021_MPD_FINAL_nomination.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Microsoft Word - 087-5675_MPD_Nottoway_Tribe_in_VA_2021_NRHP_FINAL” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p257-s3", "title": "Nottoway", "publisher": "commonwealth.virginia.gov", "url": "https://www.commonwealth.virginia.gov/virginia-indians/state-recognized-tribes/nottoway/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Nottoway” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "nottoway", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-VA", "name": "Virginia", "key": "us-va" } ] }, { "name": "Nulato Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Nulato Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This is a findable name-only route, not a newly identified distinct people or a claim about current ethnicity, language, ancestry, affiliation, jurisdiction or exclusive representation. A similarly named municipality or Native corporation is not substituted for the named Native entity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "title": "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102–4106, 2026-01899", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "scope": "Exact selected Native community/government label at indexed primary-body line 1118; explicit Alaska heading at line 789. The readable 2026-01899 XML body, selected lines 1093–1134, was actually inspected on October 26 and is reused here without redundant retrieval. Grouped/See/aka/parenthetical changed-name entries are skipped. Only names and administrative state setting used; no legal-status, ethnicity, affiliation, homeland or government-power analysis. Official PDF not inspected; no access-control bypass.", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "nulato-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Nunakauyarmiut Tribe", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Nunakauyarmiut Tribe has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This is a findable name-only route, not a newly identified distinct people or a claim about current ethnicity, language, ancestry, affiliation, jurisdiction or exclusive representation. A similarly named municipality or Native corporation is not substituted for the named Native entity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "title": "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102–4106, 2026-01899", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "scope": "Exact selected Native community/government label at indexed primary-body line 1120; explicit Alaska heading at line 789. The readable 2026-01899 XML body, selected lines 1093–1134, was actually inspected on October 26 and is reused here without redundant retrieval. Grouped/See/aka/parenthetical changed-name entries are skipped. Only names and administrative state setting used; no legal-status, ethnicity, affiliation, homeland or government-power analysis. Official PDF not inspected; no access-control bypass.", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "nunakauyarmiut-tribe", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 258, "name": "Nuu-chah-nulth", "region": "British Columbia / Vancouver Island", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Nuu-chah-nulth is a wider identity connecting distinct nations on western Vancouver Island.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Nuu-chah-nulth is a wider identity connecting distinct nations on western Vancouver Island.", "sourceIds": [ "p258-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Individual nations, language, maritime homelands and contemporary political institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p258-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p258-s1", "title": "Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council - Province of British Columbia", "publisher": "www2.gov.bc.ca", "url": "https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/environment/natural-resource-stewardship/consulting-with-first-nations/first-nations-negotiations/first-nations-a-z-listing/nuu-chah-nulth-tribal-council", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council - Province of British Columbia” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "nuuchahnulth", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 259, "name": "Nuxalk", "region": "British Columbia / Central Coast", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Nuxalk people have homelands in the central coast region of British Columbia.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Nuxalk people have homelands in the central coast region of British Columbia.", "sourceIds": [ "p259-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Nuxalk-authored history, language, territory and contemporary community government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p259-s1", "p259-s2", "p259-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p259-s1", "title": "Nuxalk Smayusta: Nuxalkmc: the Nuxalk People", "publisher": "nuxalk.net", "url": "https://www.nuxalk.net/html/nuxalkmc.html", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Nuxalk Smayusta: Nuxalkmc: the Nuxalk People” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p259-s2", "title": "Nuxalk | Smayusta", "publisher": "nuxalk.net", "url": "https://www.nuxalk.net/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Nuxalk | Smayusta” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p259-s3", "title": "Nuxalk Nation Visitor Guide", "publisher": "nuxalknation.ca", "url": "https://nuxalknation.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Nuxalk_Tourism_Protocols_2022_DRAFT.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Nuxalk Nation Visitor Guide” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "nuxalk", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 260, "name": "Ocanxiu (Sutiaba)", "region": "Central America / Nicaragua", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Sutiaba or Subtiaba is a community and historical language name associated with the León region of Nicaragua. The supplied Ocanxiu label needs naming context.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Sutiaba or Subtiaba is a community and historical language name associated with the León region of Nicaragua. The supplied Ocanxiu label needs naming context.", "sourceIds": [ "p260-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community self-designation, language history and how sources use Ocanxiu. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p260-s1", "p260-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p260-s1", "title": "Raíces vivas: Encuentro de saberes con la comunidad Sutiaba", "publisher": "ulsa.edu.ni", "url": "https://ulsa.edu.ni/index.php/362-raices-vivas-encuentro-de-saberes-con-la-comunidad-sutiaba", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Raíces vivas: Encuentro de saberes con la comunidad Sutiaba” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p260-s2", "title": "La Lucha por las Tierras de Sutiaba en la Década de 1950: Memorias de Mujeres que Integraron la Primera Junta Directiva Femenina de la Comunidad Indígena de Sutiaba | Universitas (León)", "publisher": "revistas.unanleon.edu.ni", "url": "https://revistas.unanleon.edu.ni/index.php/revistauniversita/article/view/688", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “La Lucha por las Tierras de Sutiaba en la Década de 1950: Memorias de Mujeres que Integraron la Primera Junta Directiva Femenina de la Comunidad Indígena de Sutiaba | Universitas (León)” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "ocanxiu-sutiaba", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "NI", "name": "Nicaragua", "key": "ni" } ] }, { "originalId": 261, "name": "Oconee", "region": "Southeast", "kind": "Historical people / name", "overview": "Oconee is a historical name appearing in southeastern Indigenous accounts, including Creek-related histories.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Oconee is a historical name appearing in southeastern Indigenous accounts, including Creek-related histories.", "sourceIds": [ "p261-map-support" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Different uses of Oconee, town histories and migrations. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p261-map-support", "p261-s2", "p261-s3" ] }, { "title": "One historical Oconee community", "text": "Blakney-Bailey describes an Oconee Lower Creek community in Georgia around1690 and treats the proposed archaeological identification as likely. This is one documented use of the name; it should not combine every similarly named southeastern community.", "sourceIds": [ "p261-map-support", "p261-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p261-s2", "title": "Oconee Indians - Peach State Archaeological Society", "publisher": "peachstatearchaeologicalsociety.org", "url": "https://peachstatearchaeologicalsociety.org/cultural-histories/historic-european-contact-period/oconee-indians/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Oconee Indians - Peach State Archaeological Society” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p261-s3", "title": "OCONEE OLD TOWN History and Archaeological Excavations | UGA Archaeology", "publisher": "archaeology.uga.edu", "url": "https://archaeology.uga.edu/gasf/report/14851", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “OCONEE OLD TOWN History and Archaeological Excavations | UGA Archaeology” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p261-map-support", "title": "An Analysis of Historic Creek and Seminole Settlement Patterns, Town Design, and Architecture: The Paynes Town Seminole Site (8AL366), a Case Study", "publisher": "University of Florida; Jane Anne Blakney-Bailey", "url": "https://ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu/uf/e0/02/17/40/00001/blakneybailey_j.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Geography", "Historical context" ], "annotation": "The2007 dissertation's Oconee Old Town subsection places a historical Lower Creek community in Georgia and describes uncertainty in archaeological identification. Only that focused section supports this card; the whole dissertation has not been reviewed.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Title/date, Chapter3 introduction printed p42, and Oconee Old Town subsection pp51–52 actually read.", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "researchGaps": [ "This dated source-fit review supplies a narrow supporting geographical reference, outside the substantive target. A fuller people-specific source collection and evidence review remain open." ], "added": false, "slug": "oconee", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-GA", "name": "Georgia", "key": "us-ga" } ] }, { "originalId": 262, "name": "Ofo", "region": "Southeast / Mississippi / Louisiana", "kind": "Historical people / name", "overview": "Ofo is a historical people and language name in the lower Mississippi region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Ofo is a historical people and language name in the lower Mississippi region.", "sourceIds": [ "p262-map-support" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language records, migrations and descendant-community connections. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p262-s1", "p262-s2", "p262-map-support" ] }, { "title": "A descendant-community connection", "text": "The Tunica-Biloxi Tribe identifies Ofo among its ancestral constituents. This gives readers a specific descendant connection in Louisiana while keeping the historical peoples and the present shared government distinct.", "sourceIds": [ "p262-map-support" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p262-s1", "title": "A dictionary of the Biloxi and Ofo languages, accompanied with thirty-one Biloxi texts and numerous Biloxi phrases", "url": "https://repository.si.edu/items/53fff5fb-2248-4c0b-b2ed-53faa2cd0a6e/full", "publisher": "repository.si.edu", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p262-s2", "title": "The ASJP Database - Wordlist Ofo", "publisher": "asjp.clld.org", "url": "https://asjp.clld.org/languages/OFO", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “The ASJP Database - Wordlist Ofo” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p262-map-support", "title": "Our Culture", "publisher": "Tunica-Biloxi Tribe of Louisiana", "url": "https://www.tunicabiloxi.org/culture/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Geography", "Historical context" ], "annotation": "The Tribe names Ofo among its ancestral constituent peoples and describes its Louisiana location. This supports a specific descendant-community connection through a shared government, without treating Ofo, Tunica and Biloxi as interchangeable identities.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Complete short culture page read, especially succession, constituent-peoples and Marksville-area reservation paragraphs.", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "researchGaps": [ "This dated source-fit review supplies a narrow supporting geographical reference, outside the substantive target. A fuller people-specific source collection and evidence review remain open." ], "added": false, "slug": "ofo", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-LA", "name": "Louisiana", "key": "us-la" } ] }, { "originalId": 264, "name": "Ohkay Owingeh", "region": "Southwest / New Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Ohkay Owingeh is a living Pueblo nation whose preferred name replaces the older San Juan Pueblo label in many sources.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Ohkay Owingeh is a living Pueblo nation whose preferred name replaces the older San Juan Pueblo label in many sources.", "sourceIds": [ "p264-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Pueblo-authored history, Tewa language and contemporary community life. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p264-s1", "p264-s2", "p264-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p264-s1", "title": "History – Ohkay Owingeh", "url": "https://ohkay.org/history/", "publisher": "ohkay.org", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p264-s2", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Ohkay Owingeh", "publisher": "nmlegis.gov", "url": "https://www.nmlegis.gov/handouts/IAC%20112823%20Item%201%20Welcome%20and%20Status%20Update.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Ohkay Owingeh” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p264-s3", "title": "Ohkay Owingeh | Advisory Council on Historic Preservation", "publisher": "achp.gov", "url": "https://www.achp.gov/success-stories/ohkay-owingeh", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Ohkay Owingeh | Advisory Council on Historic Preservation” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 310, 381 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "ohkay-owingeh", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] }, { "originalId": 263, "name": "Ohlone", "region": "California / San Francisco Bay", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Ohlone is a broad label for distinct peoples, languages and contemporary communities in the San Francisco and Monterey Bay regions.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Ohlone is a broad label for distinct peoples, languages and contemporary communities in the San Francisco and Monterey Bay regions.", "sourceIds": [ "p263-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-specific self-designation, language reclamation and distinct political histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p263-s1", "p263-s2", "p263-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p263-s1", "title": "Who We Are — Rumsen Ohlone Tribal Community", "publisher": "rumsenohlone.com", "url": "https://www.rumsenohlone.com/who-we-are", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Who We Are — Rumsen Ohlone Tribal Community” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p263-s2", "title": "History - Association of Ramaytush Ohlone", "publisher": "ramaytush.org", "url": "https://www.ramaytush.org/history.html", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History - Association of Ramaytush Ohlone” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p263-s3", "title": "Where We Come From — Rumsen Ohlone Tribal Community", "publisher": "rumsenohlone.com", "url": "https://www.rumsenohlone.com/where-we-come-from", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Where We Come From — Rumsen Ohlone Tribal Community” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 24, 64, 234, 320, 324, 370 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "ohlone", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Ohlone Costanoan Esselen Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Contemporary tribal nation", "region": "California", "overview": "Ohlone Costanoan Esselen Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This compound contemporary organization name is listed separately by the Smithsonian. It must not collapse the broad Ohlone and Esselen peoples into one identity, or stand for every Esselen community.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.ohlonecostanoanesselennation.org/", "publisher": "Ohlone Costanoan Esselen Nation", "scope": "Official-site heading, OCEN abbreviation and Monterey Bay naming context only. The page has older dated material; its legal-recognition, numerical, descent and historical assertions were not adopted.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "inspectedLines": "2-4, 45-56, 73-77", "access": "Public HTML actually read; identity-only selected content", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/about_us/public_participation/tribal_affairs/tribal_consultations.html", "publisher": "California State Water Resources Control Board", "scope": "Current notification-list name Ohlone/Costanoan-Esselen Nation only, not the table's county-affiliation claim or recognition status.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "inspectedLines": "201-219, 252", "access": "Public HTML actually read; identity-only selected content", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/california-missions/recommended-resources/", "publisher": "Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian", "scope": "Regional community roster, Ohlone and Esselen heading and named entries only. Its own note says the list is not comprehensive. No claim that every listed organization is a distinct people or one government.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "inspectedLines": "226-227, 310-322", "access": "Public HTML actually read; identity-only selected content", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [ "OCEN", "Ohlone/Costanoan-Esselen Nation" ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 263, 105 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "ohlone-costanoan-esselen-nation", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [] }, { "name": "Ojibways of Garden River First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — Lake Huron region member listing", "overview": "Garden River’s selected history follows the Shingwauk family’s educational aims and later community participation in land and highway negotiations. The sources offer distinct views of nineteenth-century pressures and a 1994 agreement process.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. Membership alone is not treated as proof of Ojibwe, Anishinaabe or other ethnic identity.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "The Shingwauk family’s educational vision", "text": "The Shingwauk Residential Schools Centre describes Shingwaukonse’s Teaching Wigwam vision as a place of shared learning and traces his family’s efforts to obtain educational resources. Its account also describes weakening government support, missionary changes and the growth of industrial schooling. Those changing colonial purposes matter when reading the family’s educational aims and the later institution’s history.", "sourceIds": [ "c05-on-garden-srsc-20261027" ] }, { "title": "Member participation in land negotiations", "text": "In a 2003 article, negotiations coordinator Alice Corbiere describes Garden River’s 1994 land and highway agreements. The negotiating team opened meetings, distributed information to members living both on and away from the reserve, and arranged information sessions around work and family schedules. She credits communication and community inclusion in the referendum’s acceptance while noting that expectations about employment timing needed clearer explanation.", "sourceIds": [ "c05-on-garden-corbiere-2003-20261027" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c05-on-garden-srsc-20261027", "title": "Healing and Reconciliation Through Education — The Shingwauk Family and Early Mission Schools", "publisher": "Shingwauk Residential Schools Centre", "url": "https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/srsc/chapter/the-shingwauk-family/", "type": "Public history / residential school archive education", "topics": [ "Garden River", "Education", "Shingwaukonse", "Colonial history" ], "annotation": "The archive’s educational history distinguishes the Shingwauk family’s educational vision from changing church and government policies. Its mission narrative requires attention to those differing purposes.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual chapters 7 and 8 read: Shingwauk family body (web lines 55–82) and early mission schools body (55–67). One work, two selected chapters.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "2019", "dateBasis": "Book copyright 2019; chapter publication day not stated.", "perspective": "Public educational history from the Shingwauk Residential Schools Centre, drawing partly on missionary records and family accounts.", "accessLimits": "Two chapters only. Linked primary journals, portraits, survivor recordings and other chapters not treated as read.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Early Mission Schools in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario", "url": "https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/srsc/chapter/chapter-1/", "scope": "Actual chapter 8 substantive body." } ], "conflictNotes": "Chapter 7 places Chance’s arrival a few months before Shingwaukonse’s death while also printing 1855 and 1854 dates; chapter 8 places it after his death. That sequence is not repeated in the profile.", "sourceUnitKey": "srsc-healing-reconciliation-education-2019" }, { "id": "c05-on-garden-corbiere-2003-20261027", "title": "Community Involvement and Acceptance: Garden River First Nations Highway and Land Agreements", "publisher": "The Journal of Aboriginal Economic Development 3(2), 20–23; public copy at University of Saskatchewan I-Portal", "url": "https://iportal.usask.ca/docs/Journal%20of%20Aboriginal%20Economic%20Development/JAED_v3no2/JAED_v3no2_Article_pg20-23.pdf", "type": "Community practitioner account / scholarship", "topics": [ "Garden River", "Land negotiations", "Community participation", "Highway history" ], "annotation": "Alice Corbiere, identified in the article as the negotiations coordinator, explains communication and member participation in the 1994 agreements. This is a participant’s retrospective, not a current implementation audit.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Full four-page article, printed 20–23, downloaded and read through pypdf extraction: negotiations, member information, referendum, agreement structure and retrospective assessment.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "author": "Alice Corbiere", "publicationDate": "2003", "dateBasis": "Printed journal footer: volume 3, number 2, 2003. Describes 1994 agreements and cites 2002 interviews.", "perspective": "Named negotiations participant and program coordinator; Indigenous identity is not inferred from surname.", "accessLimits": "Public PDF succeeded through ordinary download after web extraction failed. Agreement texts and interviews cited by the author were not separately inspected.", "sourceUnitKey": "alice-corbiere-garden-river-highway-2003" } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page18 (zero-based17): named member entry with Ontario address; parenthetical name retained only where explicit.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 265 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Add Garden River’s own current public history and community-authored works beyond these selected education and negotiation accounts.", "Read the underlying agreements and later implementation history before drawing conclusions about present land or highway arrangements.", "Expand language, environmental stewardship and everyday community history; the selected sources cover particular institutions and events." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "Two directly relevant works have been read for a bounded starting guide. The selected perspectives and periods leave substantial community history and later developments unreviewed.", "remainingLimits": [ "Add Garden River’s own current public history and community-authored works beyond these selected education and negotiation accounts.", "Read the underlying agreements and later implementation history before drawing conclusions about present land or highway arrangements.", "Expand language, environmental stewardship and everyday community history; the selected sources cover particular institutions and events." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "c05-on-garden-srsc-20261027", "c05-on-garden-corbiere-2003-20261027" ], "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "startingGuide": { "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c05-on-garden-srsc-20261027", "reason": "Distinguish a family’s educational vision from the changing colonial institutions that followed." }, { "sourceId": "c05-on-garden-corbiere-2003-20261027", "reason": "Read a named participant’s detailed explanation of communication and member involvement in the 1994 negotiations." } ], "remainingQuestions": [ "Add Garden River’s own current public history and community-authored works beyond these selected education and negotiation accounts.", "Read the underlying agreements and later implementation history before drawing conclusions about present land or highway arrangements.", "Expand language, environmental stewardship and everyday community history; the selected sources cover particular institutions and events." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "batchId": "starter-guides-05", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "researchComplete": false, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "imageRecordId": "c05-on-garden-river-bridge-2005" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "ojibways-of-garden-river-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "originalId": 265, "name": "Ojibwe", "region": "Great Lakes / Canada / United States", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Ojibwe, Chippewa, and Anishinaabe are names used in different contexts for a wider people, while Minnesota includes distinct Ojibwe governments and communities. Six separately sovereign Bands form the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe and share its constitution; Red Lake Nation follows a separate governmental history. This Minnesota-focused guide brings together community accounts, Leech Lake Band treaty and co-management history, dated federal and state court opinions, a Smithsonian Leech Lake lesson, and place-specific historical research. The sources describe different nations and periods rather than one uniform community.", "sections": [ { "title": "Names, peoples, and distinct governments", "text": "Sources use Ojibwe, Chippewa, and Anishinaabe in overlapping but context-dependent ways. The White Earth Nation and Sault Tribe explain their naming and language choices from their own community perspectives. The Bureau of Indian Affairs lists six member Bands of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, and Mille Lacs states that those Bands are separately sovereign with distinct laws and systems. Red Lake Nation’s history says its leaders maintained a separate political path rather than joining that six-Band organization. These records describe present governments and source usage; they do not make every local identity interchangeable.", "sourceIds": [ "p265-s1", "p265-s8", "p265-s16", "p265-s17", "p265-s7" ] }, { "title": "Migration accounts and local histories", "text": "Bois Forte’s government and Heritage Center preserve a community migration account centered on an elder’s prophecy and a westward route around the Great Lakes. The Red Lake Nation’s timeline offers its own chronology of Ojibwe movement into northern Minnesota. Mille Lacs’ illustrated guide also presents a migration teaching and seasonal food history. These accounts are attributed to their publishers; older archaeological and colonial records cannot replace them, and one community’s route is not treated as a uniform timeline for all Ojibwe communities.", "sourceIds": [ "p265-s7", "p265-s10", "p265-s11" ] }, { "title": "Treaties, homelands, and changing land tenure", "text": "Mille Lacs’ treaty reading path connects the 1837 cession and reserved harvesting rights with later litigation, and identifies the 1855 treaty as establishing its reservation. Its historical guide describes the Sandy Lake tragedy, later pressure to remove the Band, and allotment policy. Bois Forte’s history outlines separate 1854 and 1866 treaty arrangements and an 1881 executive order. Grand Portage’s government identifies its 1854 Treaty of La Pointe relationship, while the National Park Service places the monument within Grand Portage Anishinaabe homeland. These are distinct community and place-specific histories, not statewide boundary definitions. The Leech Lake Band’s resource-management booklet supplies a direct Band account of the 1837, 1854, 1855, 1864, and 1867 treaty sequence, followed by the Nelson Act, allotment, and logging. It describes the 1864 consolidation and the later creation of White Earth while Leech Lake lands were retained, and explains the effects of these policies from the Band’s perspective. The booklet also records differing Pillager and military accounts of how the 1898 Sugar Point conflict began. Its legal conclusions and chronology are attributed to the Band; the treaty texts and underlying court and archival records require separate review. Two later reported opinions help distinguish the historical stages of the Leech Lake dispute. In 1971, the U.S. District Court held that treaty rights had not been ended by the Nelson Act and protected hunting, fishing, and wild-rice gathering on public lands and waters within the reservation, while declining to grant the Band the exclusive regulatory authority it sought. In 1977, the Minnesota Supreme Court upheld the 1973 settlement and fishing-stamp statute as a compromise that recognized retained treaty rights while also allowing state regulation of fishing by nonmembers under that arrangement. These are specific historical holdings; current rules, later law, and the underlying treaty texts remain separate research questions. A 2023 federal district-court order in Fond du Lac Band v. Cummins concerned the Band’s challenge to a Forest Service land exchange for a proposed NorthMet mine. At the motion-to-dismiss stage, the court accepted the complaint’s allegation that the exchange could remove access to 6,650 acres used for treaty rights and held that the Band could assert its own 1854 Treaty usufructuary interests; the rights were not exclusively individual-member rights. The court denied dismissal, but did not decide the land-exchange claim on its merits or the project’s ultimate outcome. A 2026 Grand Portage Band news release reports the return of three parcels to Band ownership and describes different routes by which they had left Band ownership: treaty cession, transfer into state school-trust lands, and allotment. This is the Band account of one present-day land return; the underlying treaty and title records were not independently examined, and this case does not define all Ojibwe homelands or imply that all Bands experienced the same history.", "sourceIds": [ "p265-s4", "p265-s5", "p265-s6", "p265-s10", "p265-s13", "p265-s18", "p265-s23", "p265-s24", "p265-s25", "p265-s26", "p265-s27" ] }, { "title": "Language, foodways, and community continuity", "text": "Fond du Lac records its 2010 decision to make Ojibwe its official language and describes a language program established in 2015. White Earth’s cultural division describes ongoing work in language, schools, gatherings, and cultural activities. The Smithsonian Leech Lake lesson explains manoomin as a food and teaching relationship and includes educator contributions; it is a broad school resource rather than a substitute for community-specific teaching. Each account has a distinct publisher and scope.", "sourceIds": [ "p265-s14", "p265-s8", "p265-s2", "p265-s1" ] }, { "title": "Place-based research and public interpretation", "text": "A National Park Service study of Voyageurs combines archaeology, photographs, historic maps, records, and oral histories to document Bois Forte occupation in and near the park, especially during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Its author marks the limit of the evidence and does not claim to trace the groups to their beginning. Grand Portage National Monument describes a separate portage corridor and identifies the Grand Portage Band as a present community connected to that place. Such local studies are useful precisely because their place and time limits are explicit.", "sourceIds": [ "p265-s12", "p265-s13" ] }, { "title": "Contemporary community priorities", "text": "White Earth’s 2025 Climate Action Plan was co-authored through a community planning process and links seasonal cycles, wild rice, food sovereignty, and climate resilience to White Earth’s current priorities. Its survey and modeled outcomes are dated to the plan and its respondents; they are not current population statistics or a universal Ojibwe position. Bois Forte’s current natural-resources page and public statement describe the Band’s own work and treaty concerns in its 1854 treaty area. These sources show living governments and current community priorities alongside historical accounts. A Leech Lake Band resource-management booklet describes the Reservation Business Committee’s assignment of natural-resource law and planning to the Band’s Division of Resource Management, and presents the 2019 co-management agreement with the Chippewa National Forest as a government-to-government framework. This is the Band’s own institutional explanation, based on a compilation that includes dated 2019–2020 materials; it is not a current status audit of every agreement or program.", "sourceIds": [ "p265-s9", "p265-s21", "p265-s22", "p265-s23" ] }, { "title": "Fond du Lac food access and community education", "text": "Fond du Lac’s Food Sovereignty Assessment 2019–2022 describes Gitigaaning as a community farm and training site, with demonstration gardens and a kitchen/cannery. These are the Band’s dated descriptions, not verified current schedules or evidence of outcomes. Its December 2018–May 2019 survey received 342 responses; most analysis used 223 responses from Band members, descendants or elders, while some questions included broader groups. Voluntary online and paper participation and the report’s explicit limits on representativeness mean its results should not be generalized to every Band member or other Ojibwe governments.", "sourceIds": [ "p265-s28" ] }, { "title": "Scope and gaps in this Minnesota reading path", "text": "This is a reviewed initial source guide, not a complete history of Ojibwe peoples. It gives distinct starting points for all seven Minnesota governments named in the regional inventory: the six Minnesota Chippewa Tribe member Bands and the separate Red Lake Nation. Direct, deeper histories remain uneven: Leech Lake now has a Band-published treaty, land, and co-management overview as well as a Smithsonian educational module; Fond du Lac still needs more direct public history and treaty material; the other communities have varying mixes of government and place-based evidence. Wisconsin and Canadian communities, specialist language scholarship, primary treaty scans, oral-history transcripts, and community review remain open work. Short listings and background references are labeled as support rather than counted as substantive works.", "sourceIds": [ "p265-s16", "p265-s17", "p265-s18", "p265-s19", "p265-s20", "p265-s23" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p265-s1", "title": "Ojibwe Language - The Sault Tribe of Chippewa Indians Official Web Site", "publisher": "saulttribe.com", "url": "https://www.saulttribe.com/history-a-culture/our-culture/103-ojibwe-language", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Ojibwe language", "Language suppression", "Language revitalization" ], "annotation": "A Sault Tribe account connects Anishinaabeg language with cultural continuity, describes intergenerational language suppression and lists revitalization work. This voice is specific to one Michigan-based tribal government and is used as a wider regional perspective, not as a Minnesota Band account.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "author": "Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians", "sourceKind": "Tribal government language and culture statement", "publicationDate": "Updated 2019-06-13", "contentReviewScope": "Read the full Ojibwe Language page, including the dated language-program description and linked culture guidance (lines 98–107). The linked programs were not independently reviewed.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p265-s2", "title": "Leech Lake Ojibwe - Meet the People", "publisher": "americanindian.si.edu", "url": "https://americanindian.si.edu/environment/ojibwe/People.cshtml", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Leech Lake Band", "Identity", "Language and culture", "Environmental history" ], "annotation": "The Smithsonian module is specifically labeled Leech Lake Ojibwe and offers an accessible school-level introduction, terminology, map captions, wild-rice teaching and attributed educator material. Its introductory generalizations are kept distinct from local evidence and do not define every Ojibwe community.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "author": "National Museum of the American Indian", "sourceKind": "Educational interactive module for Leech Lake Ojibwe", "publicationDate": "Undated educational module", "contentReviewScope": "Read the module’s complete Meet the People section, visible key terms, maps/legends and story captions (lines 37–174). The video transcript link and other modules were not reviewed.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p265-s3", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Ojibwe", "publisher": "michigan.gov", "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/mileap/-/media/Project/Websites/mileap/Documents/Executive/Tribal-Relations/Anishinaabe-Resource-Manual.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "A substantial Indigenous-educator resource with a Michigan and Three Fires Confederacy focus. It provides comparative context but does not establish the histories or identities of Minnesota communities; retained as supporting material only.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "author": "Confederation of Michigan Tribal Education Departments", "sourceKind": "Michigan-focused Anishinaabe education manual", "contentReviewScope": "Inspected the manual’s sovereignty statement, Three Fires framing, artist statement and contents (PDF pages 1–3).", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p265-s4", "title": "History — Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe", "author": "Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe", "publisher": "Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe", "url": "https://millelacsband.com/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Tribal government historical overview", "topics": [ "Mille Lacs Band", "Minnesota Ojibwe", "Treaties", "Government" ], "publicationDate": "Undated web page; page includes current institutional material", "annotation": "The Band’s own account traces its relationship to the Mille Lacs region, the 1837 and 1855 treaties, dispossession and later reconstruction of tribal government. This is a situated community history; broad legal summaries and undated population claims are not used as independently verified facts.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete History and Recognition of Self Government sections (page lines 87–113). The linked Social History of the Mille Lacs Band (1640–1993) was not opened or counted.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p265-s5", "title": "Treaties — Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe", "author": "Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe", "publisher": "Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe", "url": "https://millelacsband.com/home/treaties", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Tribal government explanation of treaty history and present treaty-related practice", "topics": [ "Treaty of 1837", "Treaty of 1855", "Mille Lacs Band", "Ceded territory" ], "publicationDate": "Undated web page", "annotation": "This Band-authored reading explains its understanding of the 1837 ceded territory and retained hunting, fishing and gathering rights, and describes the 1994–1999 litigation and later conservation code. The Band’s legal interpretation is identified as its own account; the page is not a substitute for the treaty text or court opinions.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete Treaty of 1837, Treaty of 1855 and Today sections (lines 51–76), including the Band’s account of the federal-court and Supreme Court proceedings.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p265-s6", "title": "The Non-Removable Guide — Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe", "author": "Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe", "publisher": "Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe", "url": "https://www.millelacsband.com/media/pages/home/a55d55394a-1664549679/non-removable-guide.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Community-produced illustrated historical and cultural guide", "topics": [ "Mille Lacs Band", "Migration history", "Treaties", "Sandy Lake", "Removal and allotment" ], "publicationDate": "Undated PDF; no publication date established from the inspected pages", "annotation": "The guide connects an Ojibwe migration account, seasonal food practices, treaties, the Sandy Lake tragedy, removal pressure, boarding schools and Band persistence. Claims and remembered history are presented as the Band’s account; this guide is related to the Band’s website history but is a separate illustrated publication.", "contentReviewScope": "Inspected PDF pages 2–5 (PDF lines 28–141): values, migration and subsistence narrative, treaty summary, Sandy Lake account, 1863–64 non-removal history, allotment and boarding-school discussion. Other pages were not reviewed. Treaty details were not independently checked against full primary records in this pass.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p265-s7", "title": "Tribal History & Historical Photos — Red Lake Nation", "author": "Red Lake Nation", "publisher": "Red Lake Nation", "url": "https://www.redlakenation.org/tribal-history-historical-photos/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Tribal government public history timeline and linked photo resource", "topics": [ "Red Lake Nation", "Treaties", "Allotment", "Government continuity", "Minnesota Ojibwe" ], "publicationDate": "Undated timeline; current website footer not treated as publication date", "annotation": "Red Lake Nation’s own timeline describes Ojibwe community history in northern Minnesota, the Old Crossing treaty, allotment policy and Red Lake’s decision to retain a separate political path rather than join the six-band Minnesota Chippewa Tribe. Its chronology and historical characterizations are attributed to the Nation; individual claims need comparison with treaties and archival scholarship.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the page’s full visible 17th- through 20th-century timeline (lines 33–73). The embedded Red Lake Historical Photos video was not played; it is not counted as inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p265-s8", "title": "Culture — White Earth Nation", "author": "White Earth Nation Cultural Division", "publisher": "White Earth Nation", "url": "https://www.whiteearth.com/divisions/culture", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Tribal cultural division public introduction", "topics": [ "White Earth Nation", "Anishinaabe naming", "Language", "Culture", "Reservation history" ], "publicationDate": "Undated page", "annotation": "The Cultural Division describes its work in language, school and community programs, and explains naming conventions as used in its White Earth history. It states that Ojibwe, Chippewa and Anishinaabe usage varies by context; the wording is the Nation’s institutional account and is not used to flatten differences among communities.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the full visible Culture introduction and reservation-history paragraphs (lines 53–63), including the Division mission and the account of White Earth Reservation’s 1867 establishment.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p265-s9", "title": "White Earth Nation Climate Action Plan", "author": "White Earth Nation with paleBLUEdot; plan co-authored by a 26-person community planning team", "publisher": "White Earth Nation", "url": "https://www.whiteearth.com/media/pages/divisions/natural-resources/environmental-affairs/f408697bff-1767823334/white-earth-climate-action-plan-070925_compressed.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Community-wide planning document developed with White Earth members and government staff", "topics": [ "White Earth Nation", "Land and water", "Wild rice", "Food sovereignty", "Contemporary community priorities" ], "publicationDate": "2025 plan; planning meetings May–November 2024", "annotation": "This is a contemporary, community-planning source rather than a general history. Its introduction ties land, climate and seasonal cycles to White Earth culture and food sovereignty, and describes planning-team and community-survey methods. Survey results are the plan’s dated respondents, not population estimates or universal consensus.", "contentReviewScope": "Inspected PDF pages 2–3 and 12–14 (PDF lines 91–188 and 534–600): reservation and cultural context, 1867 history, government structure, plan purpose, co-authoring process and survey scope. The remaining sector chapters were not reviewed for this profile.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p265-s10", "title": "History — Bois Forte Band of Chippewa", "author": "Bois Forte Band of Chippewa", "publisher": "Bois Forte Band of Chippewa", "url": "https://boisforte.com/about/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Tribal government historical overview", "topics": [ "Bois Forte Band", "Minnesota Ojibwe", "Treaties", "Reservation sectors", "Wild rice" ], "publicationDate": "Undated public history page; 2026 site footer not treated as publication date", "annotation": "The Band distinguishes its three reservation sectors and gives its own migration account, treaty chronology and present-day resource and community context. Its account is not treated as a boundary map or as a template for other Ojibwe communities.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible Brief Summary of Bois Forte History (lines 134–145): community locations, migration account, 1854 and 1866 treaties, 1881 executive order, self-government and cultural/resource continuity. Contemporary business totals are not repeated.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p265-s11", "title": "Bois Forte Heritage Center & Cultural Museum — history and exhibits", "author": "Bois Forte Heritage Center & Cultural Museum; migration narrative attributed to the Center; logo concept by Rosemary Berens", "publisher": "Bois Forte Heritage Center & Cultural Museum", "url": "https://www.boisforteheritagecenter.com/about/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Community museum history, exhibit description and public oral-history index", "topics": [ "Bois Forte Band", "Community migration account", "Museum interpretation", "Oral histories" ], "publicationDate": "Undated pages; Center opening date stated as 2002", "annotation": "The community museum identifies its founding through elder and Tribal Council member Phyllis Boshey, describes its migration mural and exhibits, and lists public oral-history interviews. The migration narrative is attributed to the Center’s account; interviews are listed but were not individually read. Sacred materials are not reproduced.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the About page’s museum-founding and migration paragraphs (lines 9–18) and the complete visible Exhibits & Displays descriptions (lines 10–44). The oral-history transcripts themselves were not opened or counted.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Exhibits & Displays", "url": "https://www.boisforteheritagecenter.com/exhibits/", "scope": "Exhibit descriptions, museum perspective, and list of publicly linked oral-history transcripts; transcripts not read." } ], "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p265-s12", "title": "Voyageurs National Park: archaeological, historical and oral-history study of Bois Forte", "author": "Jeffrey Richner, Midwest Archeological Center, National Park Service", "publisher": "National Park Service", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/articles/mwac-voya.htm", "type": "Government / archaeology", "sourceKind": "NPS research summary combining archaeology, historical records, photographs and oral histories", "topics": [ "Bois Forte Band", "Voyageurs region", "Settlement history", "Archaeology and oral history" ], "publicationDate": "2020-08-31", "annotation": "This NPS synthesis identifies Bois Forte as the primary local Chippewa group and traces evidence of multiple bands living in or near the present park during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It describes evidence limits and dates; the park study’s findings concern a particular area and do not establish the beginning or full extent of Bois Forte history.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the full article (lines 19–39): research question, methods, 1880–1920 occupation evidence, photo/map comparisons, limited 1996 archaeology and the author’s explicit statement that evidence does not yet trace groups further back. The linked images were not separately inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p265-s13", "title": "History & Culture — Grand Portage National Monument", "author": "National Park Service", "publisher": "National Park Service", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/grpo/learn/historyculture/index.htm", "type": "Government / public history", "sourceKind": "Park historical interpretation with a specifically named Grand Portage Anishinaabe homeland", "topics": [ "Grand Portage Band", "Gichi Onigaming", "Fur trade", "Homeland", "Minong" ], "publicationDate": "Updated 2026-01-23", "annotation": "The park identifies Grand Portage National Monument as within the homeland of the Grand Portage Anishinaabe and identifies the Band as the center of tribal government. It describes the portage corridor and Minong (Isle Royale) as important to Grand Portage. This park interpretation is geographically specific and does not define all Ojibwe homelands.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete History & Culture page, especially lines 22–52 on Gichi Onigaming, trade, Grand Portage homeland, land donation and Minong. Linked articles and image files were not opened.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p265-s14", "title": "Ojibwemowin — Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "author": "Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "publisher": "Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "url": "https://about.fdlband.org/ojibwe/index.htm", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Band language-program statement and public learning-resource index", "topics": [ "Fond du Lac Band", "Ojibwemowin", "Language revitalization", "Treaty history" ], "publicationDate": "Undated page; language resolution dated 2010 and program history dated 2015", "annotation": "Fond du Lac describes Ojibwemowin’s role in its community, cites the Band’s 2010 resolution naming Ojibwe its official language and its 2015 language-program creation. First-person language about cultural continuity and historical schooling remains attributed to the Band; this is not a current language-speaker count.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible language-history statement (lines 17–30), including the 2010 resolution, 2015 program and learning goals. Linked teaching materials and videos were not opened.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p265-s16", "title": "Minnesota Agency — Bureau of Indian Affairs", "author": "Bureau of Indian Affairs", "publisher": "U.S. Department of the Interior", "url": "https://www.bia.gov/regional-offices/midwest/minnesota-agency", "type": "Government / administrative reference", "topics": [ "Minnesota Chippewa Tribe", "Six member Bands", "Federal agency jurisdiction" ], "publicationDate": "Current federal directory page; publication date not displayed", "annotation": "Useful for distinguishing the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe’s six member Bands from Red Lake Nation. It is a federal service/jurisdiction listing, not a complete account of Ojibwe identity, history or community affiliation.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete Minnesota Agency description (lines 1–4). Counts as supporting context only.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p265-s17", "title": "Our Government — Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe", "author": "Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe", "publisher": "Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe", "url": "https://millelacsband.com/government/government", "type": "Indigenous-led / government", "topics": [ "Mille Lacs Band", "Minnesota Chippewa Tribe", "Separate governments" ], "publicationDate": "Undated web page", "annotation": "The Band explains that it and five other separately sovereign Bands share the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe constitution while retaining their own governing laws and systems. This short institutional page is retained to clarify current governance, not as a standalone history.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete main Our Government text (lines 50–59). Counts as supporting context only.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p265-s18", "title": "Government — Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "author": "Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "publisher": "Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "url": "https://www.grandportageband.com/government/", "type": "Indigenous-led / government", "topics": [ "Grand Portage Band", "1854 Treaty of La Pointe", "Minnesota Chippewa Tribe" ], "publicationDate": "Current election information for 2026; historical statement undated", "annotation": "The Band states its inherent sovereignty, its 1854 treaty relationship and membership in the six-band Minnesota Chippewa Tribe. This concise government page is useful for direct identity and present-governance context; detailed historical claims are supported by the NPS history page and treaties.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the page’s complete main government statement (lines 12–31). Counts as supporting context only.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p265-s19", "title": "Ojibwe resource manual — Confederation of Michigan Tribal Education Departments", "author": "Confederation of Michigan Tribal Education Departments; includes contributions by named Anishinaabe artists and educators", "publisher": "Michigan Department of Lifelong Education, Advancement, and Potential", "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/mileap/-/media/Project/Websites/mileap/Documents/Executive/Tribal-Relations/Anishinaabe-Resource-Manual.pdf", "type": "Government / Indigenous education", "topics": [ "Anishinaabe", "Three Fires Confederacy", "Ojibwe education", "Michigan" ], "publicationDate": "Undetermined from inspected pages", "annotation": "The manual has Indigenous educator and artist contributions and is a substantial Michigan-focused teaching resource. It addresses Ojibwe within the Three Fires Confederacy but does not supply Minnesota-specific community history for this collection, so it remains a comparative supporting resource.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the sovereignty and Three Fires framing and artist statement on PDF pages 1–3 (lines 6–50) and table of contents. The grade-band curriculum sections were not reviewed. Counts as supporting context only.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p265-s20", "title": "Nah-gah-chi-wa-nong / Fond du Lac Band — Minnesota Indian Affairs Council historical page", "author": "Minnesota Indian Affairs Council; no individual author/date displayed", "publisher": "State of Minnesota, Minnesota Indian Affairs Council", "url": "https://mn.gov/indian-affairs/tribal-nations-in-minnesota/nah-gah-chi-wa-nong-fond-du-lac-band-of-lake-superior-chippewa.jsp", "type": "Government / historical reference", "topics": [ "Fond du Lac Band", "Minnesota Ojibwe", "Historical overview" ], "publicationDate": "Undated page", "annotation": "This older state-hosted account gives Fond du Lac location and a historical sketch. It includes sweeping, dated descriptions and terminology which are not adopted as neutral current facts. It is retained only as a reference to compare with direct Band accounts, especially on migration, seasonal life, and the relationship between archaeological inference and oral tradition.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete historical body (lines 16–35). Its population ranking, broad ethnographic generalizations and unsourced periodization are not repeated as current or universal claims. Counts as supporting context only.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p265-s21", "title": "Natural Resources Management — Bois Forte Band", "author": "Bois Forte Band Natural Resources Department", "publisher": "Bois Forte Band of Chippewa", "url": "https://boisforte.com/departments/natural-resources-land-management/", "type": "Indigenous-led / government", "sourceKind": "Current tribal natural-resources program overview", "topics": [ "Bois Forte Band", "1854 Treaty Area", "Land stewardship", "Natural resources" ], "publicationDate": "Current page includes 2026 program highlights", "annotation": "The Band describes stewardship on its reservation sectors and within the 1854 Treaty Area, including its cooperation with the 1854 Treaty Authority and current programs. It is a present-day institutional account; land-return and harvest-right assertions are attributed and not independently adjudicated here.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the mission and 2026 highlights (lines 136–158), including the climate plan partnership and current ecological/resource projects. Linked plans and video were not opened.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p265-s22", "title": "Bois Forte Band statement on H.J. Resolution 140 and treaty-reserved rights", "author": "Bois Forte Band of Chippewa; statement quotes Chairperson Carlos Hernandez", "publisher": "Bois Forte Band of Chippewa", "url": "https://boisforte.com/news-events/official-statement-re-senate-passage-of-h-j-res-140/", "type": "Indigenous-led / government statement", "sourceKind": "Dated tribal government statement about a current federal policy action", "topics": [ "Bois Forte Band", "1854 Treaty", "Treaty-reserved rights", "Current community priorities" ], "publicationDate": "2026-04-21", "annotation": "A dated Band statement explains the Band’s view of treaty-protected harvesting, ancestral homelands and environmental risk related to proposed mining. Its estimates of access and policy impacts remain attributed to the Band; the source is a community position statement, not an independent environmental or legal assessment.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the full statement (lines 18–30). It distinguishes Congressional action from later permitting; underlying legislation and environmental analyses were not reviewed in this profile pass. Counts as supporting context only.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p265-s23", "title": "Materials Related to the Co-Management of the Chippewa National Forest: The Right to Self-Governance — Historical and Current Overview of the Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe", "author": "Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe, Division of Resource Management", "publisher": "Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe", "url": "https://www.llojibwe.org/drm/ads/co_mgmt_booklet.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led / tribal government", "sourceKind": "Tribal-government historical and co-management booklet", "publicationDate": "Undated compilation; contains a 2019 Memorandum of Understanding and a 2020 briefing presentation", "topics": [ "Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe", "Minnesota treaty history", "Reservation land tenure", "Self-governance", "Chippewa National Forest co-management" ], "annotation": "A first-party Leech Lake Band educational and resource-management account, created to explain historical events, treaties, the Band’s government, and its agency relationships to Band staff and citizens. The historical overview narrates the 1837, 1854, 1855, 1864, and 1867 treaty sequence, later allotment and logging, the 1898 Sugar Point conflict, and the Band’s resource-governance work. Treaty-right and legal conclusions are presented as the Band’s institutional interpretation; the underlying treaty instruments, court opinions, and cited historical records were not independently checked in this source review. The booklet also includes later co-management materials that should be read as dated documents, not assumed to describe every current policy.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete first 20-page “Right to Self-Governance: Historical and Current Overview” (PDF pages 4–23), including its preface, treaty chronology, Nelson Act/allotment and timber discussion, Sugar Point account, present governance and federal/state-agency relationships. The complete PDF has 133 pages; later slide decks, the 2019 MOU, appendices, management letters, implementation guide, and species list were not inspected as separate works. No map or sensitive site information was reused.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p265-s24", "title": "Leech Lake Band of Chippewa Indians v. Herbst, 334 F. Supp. 1001 (D. Minn. 1971)", "author": "U.S. District Court for the District of Minnesota, Chief Judge Edward J. Devitt", "publisher": "Justia, reproducing a reported federal district-court opinion", "url": "https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/334/1001/1743720/", "type": "Legal primary source / court opinion", "sourceKind": "Reported U.S. District Court memorandum and order", "publicationDate": "December 10, 1971", "topics": [ "Leech Lake Band", "1855, 1864, and 1867 treaties", "Nelson Act", "Treaty fishing, hunting, and wild-rice rights", "Reservation status" ], "annotation": "The complete reported opinion addresses whether Leech Lake Band members could fish, hunt, and gather wild rice on public lands and waters within the Leech Lake Reservation free from Minnesota game and fish laws. The court held that treaty rights had not been abrogated by the Nelson Act and declared those activities protected on the specified public lands and waters. The opinion did not accept the Band’s claim to exclusive regulatory authority over all fishing, hunting, and ricing. This is a dated judicial holding in a particular case, not a statement of current regulations or a substitute for later law.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the full opinion and notes (reported text at pages 1001–1010; Justia lines 38–143). The opinion recounts the litigants’ positions, testimony, treaty/legal analysis, and the court’s narrow declaratory judgment. The 1855/1864/1867 treaty originals, trial exhibits, and later proceedings were not independently inspected in this entry.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p265-s25", "title": "State v. Forge, 262 N.W.2d 341 (Minn. 1977)", "author": "Supreme Court of Minnesota", "publisher": "Justia, reproducing a reported Minnesota Supreme Court opinion", "url": "https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/1977/46473-1.html", "type": "Legal primary source / court opinion", "sourceKind": "Reported Minnesota Supreme Court opinion", "publicationDate": "October 14, 1977", "topics": [ "Leech Lake Band", "Minnesota Chippewa Tribe", "Treaty fishing rights", "Nelson Act", "1973 settlement and fishing-license statute" ], "annotation": "The full opinion recounts the Leech Lake Band’s 1969 federal lawsuit, the 1971 Herbst decision, the 1973 settlement and consent judgment, and challenges to Minnesota’s reservation fishing stamp. The Minnesota Supreme Court held that Minnesota Chippewa Tribe members retained treaty rights and upheld the 1973 statutory compromise and the convictions of nonmembers who fished without the stamp. This later ruling supplies important historical context for the 1971 opinion; it does not establish every present-day regulation or decide all treaty-right questions.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the full reported opinion and notes (262 N.W.2d 341–349; Justia lines 38–163), including its description of the 1971 federal case, the 1973 settlement and consent judgment, statutory terms, holding, and express limits on what issues the appeal decided. The settlement document, current statute and later court cases were not separately reviewed.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p265-s26", "title": "Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa v. Cummins et al., Document 48 (D. Minn. Feb. 24, 2023)", "author": "United States District Court for the District of Minnesota; Chief Judge Patrick J. Schiltz", "publisher": "Justia, reproducing the federal district-court order", "url": "https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/minnesota/mndce/0%3A2022cv00170/198523/48/", "type": "Legal primary source / court order", "sourceKind": "District-court order denying a motion to dismiss", "publicationDate": "February 24, 2023", "topics": [ "Fond du Lac Band", "1854 Treaty of La Pointe", "treaty usufructuary rights", "Forest Service land exchange", "standing" ], "annotation": "In a challenge to a Forest Service land exchange for the proposed NorthMet mine, the District Court denied PolyMet’s motion to dismiss. At this pleading-stage ruling, it accepted the complaint’s allegation that the exchange could remove access to 6,650 acres used for the Band’s treaty rights and held that the Band had standing to assert its own 1854 Treaty usufructuary interests; those rights were not exclusively individual member rights. This is not a decision on the merits of the land exchange or the ultimate project outcome. The alleged access loss is described as a complaint allegation, not a factual finding.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the full 18-page opinion as reproduced on Justia, including the docket/date and disposition (lines 38–50), the complaint’s background and stated alleged injury (lines 51–63), the treaty and tribal-right analysis (lines 64–98), and the order denying dismissal (lines 103–110). The complaint and docket exhibits, Forest Service Record of Decision, environmental review, and later case history were not independently inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p265-s27", "title": "Grand Portage Band Regains Historic Tribal Land", "author": "Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "publisher": "Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "url": "https://www.grandportageband.com/grand-portage-band-regains-historic-tribal-land/", "type": "Tribal news release / contemporary land stewardship", "publicationDate": "March 16, 2026", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the full 83-line public Band news release on October 23, 2026. It reports the February 16, 2026 acquisition of three parcels through a Band/Foundation partnership, describes the Band account of different land-loss mechanisms, and quotes the Band chair and partner representatives. Its linked map/images were not opened or used. The Band statements about federal policy and the parcels past ownership are attributed community interpretation; underlying treaty, land-title and allotment records were not independently inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Tribal publication", "topics": [ "Grand Portage Band", "land return", "land tenure", "Treaty of 1854", "allotment", "2026" ], "annotation": "A Grand Portage Band news release reports that a February 2026 acquisition restored three parcels totaling about 87 acres to Band ownership through a partnership with the Lloyd K. Johnson Foundation and Minnesota Land Trust. The Band describes three distinct routes by which those parcels left Band ownership: 1854 treaty cession, state school-trust transfer, and allotment. This is a direct community source for the Bands current action and its historical interpretation; the underlying treaty, land-title chain, tax records, and allotment documents were not independently checked. The Bands broad discussion of allotment policy remains attributed to the release and is not generalized to every Ojibwe Band. A linked map/images package is not included." }, { "id": "p265-s28", "title": "Food Sovereignty Assessment 2019–2022", "publisher": "Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "author": "Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "url": "https://www.fdlband.org/Documents/Service/Planning%20Divisions/Documents/FoodSovereigntyAssessment2019-22.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led community assessment", "topics": [ "Fond du Lac", "Foodways", "Education", "Survey methods" ], "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "annotation": "A dated community assessment linking food access and gardening education. Its voluntary survey is a bounded community snapshot, not a representative measurement of every Band member or all Ojibwe peoples. Read the program descriptions alongside the methodology; present operations and outcomes were not verified.", "contentReviewScope": "Searchable text of printed pp.5–8,16–20,22–31 reviewed on October 23, 2026. Page images, maps and charts were not visually inspected. Medical claims, eligibility advice and numerical chart labels are excluded from synthesis; no image is reproduced." } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 14, 274, 298, 336 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "overviewSourceIds": [ "p265-s1", "p265-s7", "p265-s8", "p265-s16", "p265-s17", "p265-s23", "p265-s24", "p265-s25" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-24", "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-24", "rationale": "Nineteen substantive works have now been inspected, including direct sources from several Minnesota Ojibwe governments, a Leech Lake Band resource-management and treaty-history booklet, two full reported court opinions about Leech Lake treaty rights and a 1973 settlement, a 2023 federal order addressing Fond du Lac tribal standing and communal treaty interest in a land-exchange challenge, a Band-authored Grand Portage land-return report, the Bois Forte community museum, a White Earth community planning document, and National Park Service place-based research. The guide distinguishes community accounts from specific legal holdings and names all seven Minnesota government routes in the reviewed inventory. Quantity exceeds the twelve-work target, but community-specific depth remains uneven; the Grand Portage release is a dated Band account, not an independently checked title history or comprehensive Ojibwe history; the Fond du Lac litigation source concerns a preliminary standing ruling, not the merits or a complete Band history; and the wider Ojibwe peoples across Canada and the United States are not comprehensively covered. No community review is recorded. The Fond du Lac food-sovereignty assessment adds dated community-program and survey-method evidence; it does not establish current outcomes.", "remainingLimits": [ "The seven Minnesota governments have not all received equally deep, direct source review. Leech Lake now has a Band-published historical overview and two reported court opinions, but the underlying treaty texts, 1973 settlement document, current rules, and later legal history still need review; Fond du Lac now has a directly relevant 2023 federal standing order in addition to its language and official-source coverage, but still needs more direct community history, treaty material, and review of the case merits and later docket; separate institutional and community voices should be deepened for every Band and Red Lake Nation.", "The Minnesota Chippewa Tribe website’s linked History of the Tribe page did not expose substantive text through the inspection tool, and the direct 2015 Leech Lake annual report exceeded the source tool’s document-size limit. The Leech Lake Band’s 20-page overview inside its 133-page co-management booklet and the full reported opinions in Leech Lake Band v. Herbst (1971) and State v. Forge (1977) were inspected; the booklet’s later MOU, appendices, and implementation materials, underlying treaties, settlement document, and later legal history were not reviewed. These are inspection constraints, not evidence that readers face a paywall; no limit was bypassed.", "The full Bois Forte oral-history transcripts listed by its museum, the Smithsonian video transcript, and the Mille Lacs Band’s linked Social History book were not read. They are not represented as inspected sources.", "Specialist Ojibwe language scholarship, treaty originals and legal decisions, more community-authored records from Grand Portage, White Earth and Red Lake, and relevant communities in Wisconsin and Canada remain to be reviewed.", "The Minnesota Indian Affairs Council’s older Fond du Lac sketch includes broad, dated ethnographic descriptions; it is retained only as supporting context and those generalizations are not carried into the synthesis.", "No Ojibwe community review or endorsement is recorded.", "The 2026 Grand Portage land-return release documents a specific Band action and presents the Band historical interpretation; its underlying treaty, title, state-transfer and allotment records were not independently inspected. It cannot stand for other Ojibwe Bands or a single homeland boundary." ], "searchScope": "On October 23, 2026, read the complete public text of the March 16, 2026 Grand Portage Band news release about the completed land acquisition; its linked map/images and underlying land-title records were not inspected." }, "researchGaps": [ "The seven Minnesota governments have not all received equally deep, direct source review. Leech Lake now has a Band-published historical overview and two reported court opinions, but the underlying treaty texts, 1973 settlement document, current rules, and later legal history still need review; Fond du Lac needs more direct public history and treaty material; separate institutional and community voices should be deepened for every Band and Red Lake Nation.", "The Minnesota Chippewa Tribe website’s linked History of the Tribe page did not expose substantive text through the inspection tool, and the direct 2015 Leech Lake annual report exceeded the source tool’s document-size limit. The Leech Lake Band’s historical overview and the full reported opinions in Leech Lake Band v. Herbst (1971) and State v. Forge (1977) were inspected; the booklet’s later MOU, appendices, implementation materials, underlying treaties, and settlement document were not independently reviewed.", "The full Bois Forte oral-history transcripts listed by its museum, the Smithsonian video transcript, and the Mille Lacs Band’s linked Social History book were not read. They are not represented as inspected sources.", "Specialist Ojibwe language scholarship, treaty originals and legal decisions, more community-authored records from Grand Portage, White Earth and Red Lake, and relevant communities in Wisconsin and Canada remain to be reviewed.", "The Minnesota Indian Affairs Council’s older Fond du Lac sketch includes broad, dated ethnographic descriptions; it is retained only as supporting context and those generalizations are not carried into the synthesis.", "No Ojibwe community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "coverageLevel": "reviewed-source-guide", "evidenceNotes": [ "19 substantive inspected works are counted separately from supporting resources. Quantity remains distinct from adequacy, completion and community review.", "The six Minnesota Chippewa Tribe Bands and Red Lake Nation are treated as distinct governments. Minnesota’s state lines and the regional map are navigation aids, not Indigenous homeland boundaries.", "Community histories, government pages, educational modules, a state-hosted historical page and NPS research answer different questions. Claims stay attributed to source, community, time and place.", "The 2025 White Earth Climate Action Plan is a contemporary planning source; its survey and modeled future outcomes are not population measurements or evidence of an all-Ojibwe consensus.", "The existing Grand Portage map-profile association remains linked with its prior evidence; this source pass did not inspect a map object or create a new association.", "Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe’s 133-page co-management compilation was counted once, based on its complete 20-page historical/current overview (PDF pages 4–23). Its treaty and legal claims remain explicitly attributed; the later included MOU, appendices, and implementation materials are not separately counted as inspected works.", "Leech Lake Band v. Herbst (1971) and State v. Forge (1977) are counted as two distinct full judicial opinions. The synthesis records their historical holdings and sequence; neither is presented as current regulatory advice. The 1971 court declined the Band’s claim to exclusive regulatory authority, and the 1977 Minnesota Supreme Court discussed and upheld a 1973 legislative/settlement compromise. Underlying instruments and later law remain open.", "Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa v. Cummins (2023) is a full federal order on standing at the motion-to-dismiss stage. It holds that the Band may assert its 1854 Treaty usufructuary interest; it does not resolve the merits of the land exchange or later project status. The 6,650-acre access loss is a complaint allegation accepted at that procedural stage, not a final factual finding.", "Fond du Lac Food Sovereignty Assessment 2019–2022 counted once after selected-text inspection. Voluntary respondent selection and question-specific denominators limit interpretation. Maps, photographs and charts were not visually reviewed, and medical claims are not used.", "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "researchLeads": [ { "url": "https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/about-ojibwe-language", "title": "https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/about-ojibwe-language", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://ojibwegrammar.langsci.wisc.edu/Assets/Pdfs/BookBlackbird.pdf", "title": "https://ojibwegrammar.langsci.wisc.edu/Assets/Pdfs/BookBlackbird.pdf", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://ontarioarchaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/oa016-03_fitting.pdf", "title": "https://ontarioarchaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/oa016-03_fitting.pdf", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://semspub.epa.gov/work/05/914885.pdf", "title": "https://semspub.epa.gov/work/05/914885.pdf", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-chippewa-1819-0185", "title": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-chippewa-1819-0185", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-chippewa-1837-0482", "title": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-chippewa-1837-0482", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-chippewa-1837-0501", "title": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-chippewa-1837-0501", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-chippewa-of-saginaw-etc-1855-0733", "title": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-chippewa-of-saginaw-etc-1855-0733", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-chippewa-of-saginaw-swan-creek-and-black-river-1864-0868", "title": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-chippewa-of-saginaw-swan-creek-and-black-river-1864-0868", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.fws.gov/rivers/carp/carp/story/tittabawassee-river-saginaw-chippewa-indian-tribe-restoration", "title": "https://www.fws.gov/rivers/carp/carp/story/tittabawassee-river-saginaw-chippewa-indian-tribe-restoration", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/us-court-approves-agreement-between-saginaw-chippewa-indian-tribe-united-states-state", "title": "https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/us-court-approves-agreement-between-saginaw-chippewa-indian-tribe-united-states-state", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.sagchip.edu/our-history", "title": "https://www.sagchip.edu/our-history", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.sagchip.org/miibs/timeline.aspx", "title": "https://www.sagchip.org/miibs/timeline.aspx", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/aboutus/history.htm", "title": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/aboutus/history.htm", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/aboutus/pdf/%20Clans.pdf", "title": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/aboutus/pdf/%20Clans.pdf", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/aboutus/pdf/4yrreportfinal.pdf", "title": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/aboutus/pdf/4yrreportfinal.pdf", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/aboutus/pdf/Birchbark.pdf", "title": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/aboutus/pdf/Birchbark.pdf", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/aboutus/pdf/Sugarbush.pdf", "title": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/aboutus/pdf/Sugarbush.pdf", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/planyourvisit/educators/culturalPresenters.htm", "title": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/planyourvisit/educators/culturalPresenters.htm", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" } ], "studyKeys": [ "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline" ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-04", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p265-s1", "reason": "Begin with a Sault Tribe account of language continuity and suppression." }, { "sourceId": "p265-s10", "reason": "Read Bois Forte’s own local history with its distinct community scope." }, { "sourceId": "p265-s23", "reason": "Continue to the Leech Lake Band’s selected treaty and resource-management history." } ], "scopeNote": "Curation of the existing developed collection. The original overview, substantive sections, full source collection, review dates, scopes and adequacy assessment are retained. The route remains unfinished; no new global work or history expansion is claimed.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "remainingQuestions": [ "The seven Minnesota governments have not all received equally deep, direct source review. Leech Lake now has a Band-published historical overview and two reported court opinions, but the underlying treaty texts, 1973 settlement document, current rules, and later legal history still need review; Fond du Lac needs more direct public history and treaty material; separate institutional and community voices should be deepened for every Band and Red Lake Nation.", "The Minnesota Chippewa Tribe website’s linked History of the Tribe page did not expose substantive text through the inspection tool, and the direct 2015 Leech Lake annual report exceeded the source tool’s document-size limit. The Leech Lake Band’s historical overview and the full reported opinions in Leech Lake Band v. Herbst (1971) and State v. Forge (1977) were inspected; the booklet’s later MOU, appendices, implementation materials, underlying treaties, and settlement document were not independently reviewed.", "The full Bois Forte oral-history transcripts listed by its museum, the Smithsonian video transcript, and the Mille Lacs Band’s linked Social History book were not read. They are not represented as inspected sources.", "Specialist Ojibwe language scholarship, treaty originals and legal decisions, more community-authored records from Grand Portage, White Earth and Red Lake, and relevant communities in Wisconsin and Canada remain to be reviewed.", "The Minnesota Indian Affairs Council’s older Fond du Lac sketch includes broad, dated ethnographic descriptions; it is retained only as supporting context and those generalizations are not carried into the synthesis.", "No Ojibwe community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "completionLabel": "Still unfinished", "imageRecordId": "anishinaabe-bandolier-bag-slam" }, "added": false, "slug": "ojibwe", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MI", "name": "Michigan", "key": "us-mi" }, { "id": "US-MN", "name": "Minnesota", "key": "us-mn" }, { "id": "US-MT", "name": "Montana", "key": "us-mt" }, { "id": "US-WI", "name": "Wisconsin", "key": "us-wi" } ] }, { "originalId": 266, "name": "Okanagan (Syilx)", "region": "British Columbia / Washington", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Syilx is a people’s name used alongside Okanagan in sources about communities across modern borders.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Syilx is a people’s name used alongside Okanagan in sources about communities across modern borders.", "sourceIds": [ "p266-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Syilx-authored history, nsyilxcən language, territory and distinct political communities. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p266-s1", "p266-s2", "p266-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p266-s1", "title": "History of the Partnership | Syilx Okanagan Nation", "publisher": "syilx.org", "url": "https://syilx.org/governance/partnerships/bc-hydro-enduring-relationship/history-of-the-partnership/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History of the Partnership | Syilx Okanagan Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p266-s2", "title": "History | Syilx Okanagan Nation", "publisher": "syilx.org", "url": "https://syilx.org/about/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History | Syilx Okanagan Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p266-s3", "title": "SYILX HISTORIC TIMELINE", "publisher": "learn.syilx.org", "url": "https://learn.syilx.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2024/10/SIRS-Timeline.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “SYILX HISTORIC TIMELINE” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "okanagan-syilx", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" }, { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "added": true, "name": "Olutec", "region": "Mexico / Veracruz", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Olutec is a people and language name associated with Oluta in southern Veracruz. It is distinct from other languages that have been grouped under Popoluca.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Olutec is a people and language name associated with Oluta in southern Veracruz. It is distinct from other languages that have been grouped under Popoluca.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Oluteco language, community histories and the limits of older Popoluca classifications. Start with the annotated sources and compare each publisher’s scope and perspective.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1", "added-s2", "added-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "added-s1", "title": "INALI. Catálogo de las lenguas indígenas nacionales. Oluteco. | Endangered Languages Project", "publisher": "endangeredlanguages.com", "url": "https://endangeredlanguages.com/resource/inali-catalogo-de-las-lenguas-indigenas-nacionales-oluteco", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “INALI. Catálogo de las lenguas indígenas nacionales. Oluteco. | Endangered Languages Project” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "added-s2", "title": "Indicadores básicos de la agrupación oluteco, 2005", "publisher": "site.inali.gob.mx", "url": "https://site.inali.gob.mx/pdf/estadistica/AGRUPACIONES/AGRUPACIONES_OLUTECO.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Indicadores básicos de la agrupación oluteco, 2005” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "added-s3", "title": "oluteco", "publisher": "site.inali.gob.mx", "url": "https://site.inali.gob.mx/Micrositios/estadistica_basica/estadisticas2015/pdf/agrupaciones/oluteco.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “oluteco” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 304, 382 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "slug": "olutec", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 267, "name": "Omaha", "region": "Great Plains / Nebraska", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Omaha Tribe has enduring relationships with the Missouri River and northern plains.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Omaha Tribe has enduring relationships with the Missouri River and northern plains.", "sourceIds": [ "p267-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Umonhon naming, language, treaties and contemporary tribal government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p267-s1", "p267-s2", "p267-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p267-s1", "title": "Home - Omaha Tribe of Nebraska", "publisher": "omahatribe.com", "url": "https://www.omahatribe.com/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Home - Omaha Tribe of Nebraska” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p267-s2", "title": "Omaha Survival : A Vanishing Indian Tribe That Would Not Vanish - Omaha Indian Heritage Project", "publisher": "omahatribe.unl.edu", "url": "https://omahatribe.unl.edu/etexts/oma.0020/index.html", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Omaha Survival : A Vanishing Indian Tribe That Would Not Vanish - Omaha Indian Heritage Project” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p267-s3", "title": "Omaha Heritage Project", "publisher": "omahatribe.unl.edu", "url": "https://omahatribe.unl.edu/etexts/index.html", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Omaha Heritage Project” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 272, 144 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "omaha", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NE", "name": "Nebraska", "key": "us-ne" } ] }, { "originalId": 268, "name": "Oneida", "region": "Northeast / Great Lakes", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Oneida is one of the Haudenosaunee nations, with distinct communities in New York, Wisconsin and Ontario.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Oneida is one of the Haudenosaunee nations, with distinct communities in New York, Wisconsin and Ontario.", "sourceIds": [ "p268-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-specific histories, language, homelands and government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p268-s1", "p268-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p268-s1", "title": "History & Culture Overview", "url": "https://www.oneidaindiannation.com/history-and-culture", "publisher": "oneidaindiannation.com", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p268-s2", "title": "About Us - Oneida", "publisher": "oneida.on.ca", "url": "https://oneida.on.ca/about/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “About Us - Oneida” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 221, 269, 44, 341, 411 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "oneida", "regionGroups": [ "Great Lakes", "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WI", "name": "Wisconsin", "key": "us-wi" } ] }, { "name": "Oneida Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Wisconsin, United States — current government listing", "overview": "This guide concerns the Oneida Nation in Wisconsin. Its community-curated timeline and account of Oneida-led historical research provide a starting route into that community’s history.", "relationshipNote": "The state roster identifies this named Tribal Nation separately. It does not establish the full history or relationships of every broader reading label.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "A Wisconsin history starting point", "text": "Explore Oneida’s chronology places Oneida settlement around Duck Creek in the early 1820s, following movement from New York. Selected later entries describe a 1936 constitution and 1937 governmental reorganization. The timeline is a route into records and community interpretation; the linked originals need separate reading, and the entries are not a determination of present land or governing rules.", "sourceIds": [ "c5-oneida-wisconsin-timeline" ] }, { "title": "How historical records became a public resource", "text": "In 2018, the Nation reported work with Oneida citizen L. Gordon McLester III to organize and scan documents for public use. His account connects the collection with Oneida history conferences, research and educational work. Reading this article before the timeline helps distinguish a community-curated collection from the many individual records to which it points.", "sourceIds": [ "c5-oneida-mclester-documents2018" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c5-oneida-wisconsin-timeline", "title": "History Timeline — selected Wisconsin settlement and reorganization entries", "publisher": "Oneida Nation / Explore Oneida", "url": "https://exploreoneida.com/culture/timeline/", "type": "Community-curated historical chronology", "topics": [ "history", "Wisconsin migration", "historical records" ], "annotation": "A community-curated chronology with narrative entries and archival leads. The selected portions orient readers to Wisconsin settlement and twentieth-century reorganization; linked originals require separate inspection.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Selected actual narrative entries for 1821-1825 and 1934-1937 read, alongside nearby link labels for context. Early 1822/1823 first-arrival formulations vary within the timeline, so the guide uses early 1820s rather than resolving an exact first party. Narrative entries are distinguished from linked archival records; those PDFs, full timeline, acreage and legal conclusions were not reviewed. Publisher relationship checked through the Nation’s Tourism link and its 2018 article.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "access": "Public full text; no account or subscription used. Inspection is limited to the stated body/pages." }, { "id": "c5-oneida-mclester-documents2018", "title": "McLester’s document collection finding its way online", "publisher": "Oneida Nation", "url": "https://oneida-nsn.gov/blog/2018/12/20/mclesters-document-collection-finding-its-way-online/", "type": "Community-published history and archives report", "topics": [ "historical research", "archives", "public education" ], "annotation": "The Nation’s article explains how Oneida citizen L. Gordon McLester III’s historical research and collected documents contributed to the online timeline. It helps readers understand the collection’s provenance.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Entire public article body read: the 2018 scanning work, McLester’s quoted account of history conferences and research, and proposed future projects. No underlying collection boxes, completed books or present digitization status inspected; predictions for 2019 are not completion claims.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "access": "Public full text; no account or subscription used. Inspection is limited to the stated body/pages.", "author": "Oneida Nation, reporting L. Gordon McLester III’s account", "publicationDate": "2018-12-20" } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://dcf.wisconsin.gov/tribalaffairs/tribalinformation", "publisher": "Wisconsin Department of Children and Families", "title": "Tribal Information — Federally Recognized Tribes in Wisconsin", "scope": "Named in the complete eleven-government list; identity/name check only.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 268 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Inspect selected original records and compare chronology details, including the timeline’s differing first-arrival formulations.", "Add more Oneida-authored historical scholarship, publicly shared language and family perspectives, and dated contemporary community accounts.", "This Wisconsin government route is distinct from the Oneida Indian Nation in New York and Oneida communities in Ontario. No current legal, land-boundary, membership or demographic conclusion is made; no community review is recorded." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded starting path now uses inspected public content, with scope and access limits recorded. This is not comprehensive research or community review.", "remainingLimits": [ "Inspect selected original records and compare chronology details, including the timeline’s differing first-arrival formulations.", "Add more Oneida-authored historical scholarship, publicly shared language and family perspectives, and dated contemporary community accounts.", "This Wisconsin government route is distinct from the Oneida Indian Nation in New York and Oneida communities in Ontario. No current legal, land-boundary, membership or demographic conclusion is made; no community review is recorded." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "c5-oneida-wisconsin-timeline", "c5-oneida-mclester-documents2018" ], "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "startingGuide": { "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c5-oneida-wisconsin-timeline", "reason": "Use the selected narrative chronology to orient further Wisconsin-specific reading." }, { "sourceId": "c5-oneida-mclester-documents2018", "reason": "Read how the collection was assembled before treating its linked records as already reviewed." } ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "remainingQuestions": [ "Inspect selected original records and compare chronology details, including the timeline’s differing first-arrival formulations.", "Add more Oneida-authored historical scholarship, publicly shared language and family perspectives, and dated contemporary community accounts.", "This Wisconsin government route is distinct from the Oneida Indian Nation in New York and Oneida communities in Ontario. No current legal, land-boundary, membership or demographic conclusion is made; no community review is recorded." ], "batchId": "starter-guides-05", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "researchComplete": false, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "imageRecordId": "c5-oneida-milmoe-usfws-partnership" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "oneida-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WI", "name": "Wisconsin", "key": "us-wi" } ] }, { "originalId": 269, "name": "Onondaga", "region": "Northeast / Haudenosaunee", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Onondaga is one of the Haudenosaunee nations, with a central role in the Confederacy’s council traditions.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Onondaga is one of the Haudenosaunee nations, with a central role in the Confederacy’s council traditions.", "sourceIds": [ "p269-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Onondaga-authored history, language, homelands and Confederacy relationships. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p269-s1", "p269-s2", "p269-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p269-s1", "title": "Timeline – Onondaga Nation", "publisher": "onondaganation.org", "url": "https://www.onondaganation.org/history/timeline/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Timeline – Onondaga Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p269-s2", "title": "History – Onondaga Nation", "publisher": "onondaganation.org", "url": "https://www.onondaganation.org/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History – Onondaga Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p269-s3", "title": "THE ONONDAGA INDIANS AND THEIR RESERVATION (1)", "publisher": "onondaga.nygenweb.net", "url": "https://onondaga.nygenweb.net/ONT/HISTORYBR.HTM", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “THE ONONDAGA INDIANS AND THEIR RESERVATION (1)” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 221, 268, 44, 341, 411 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "onondaga", "regionGroups": [ "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NY", "name": "New York", "key": "us-ny" } ] }, { "originalId": 270, "name": "Opata", "region": "Mexico / Sonora", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Opata is a historical and continuing Indigenous identity associated with Sonora.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Opata is a historical and continuing Indigenous identity associated with Sonora.", "sourceIds": [ "p270-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language history, community self-identification and changing historical terminology. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p270-s1", "p270-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p270-s1", "title": "History - Official Opata Nation website", "publisher": "opatanation.org", "url": "https://opatanation.org/history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History - Official Opata Nation website” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p270-s2", "title": "Language - Official Opata Nation website", "publisher": "opatanation.org", "url": "https://opatanation.org/language", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Language - Official Opata Nation website” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "opata", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "Organized Village of Kake", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Organized Village of Kake has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This is a findable name-only route, not a newly identified distinct people or a claim about current ethnicity, language, ancestry, affiliation, jurisdiction or exclusive representation. A similarly named municipality or Native corporation is not substituted for the named Native entity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "title": "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102–4106, 2026-01899", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "scope": "Exact selected Native community/government label at indexed primary-body line 1124; explicit Alaska heading at line 789. The readable 2026-01899 XML body, selected lines 1093–1134, was actually inspected on October 26 and is reused here without redundant retrieval. Grouped/See/aka/parenthetical changed-name entries are skipped. Only names and administrative state setting used; no legal-status, ethnicity, affiliation, homeland or government-power analysis. Official PDF not inspected; no access-control bypass.", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "organized-village-of-kake", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Organized Village of Kasaan", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Organized Village of Kasaan has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This is a findable name-only route, not a newly identified distinct people or a claim about current ethnicity, language, ancestry, affiliation, jurisdiction or exclusive representation. A similarly named municipality or Native corporation is not substituted for the named Native entity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "title": "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102–4106, 2026-01899", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "scope": "Exact selected Native community/government label at indexed primary-body line 1126; explicit Alaska heading at line 789. The readable 2026-01899 XML body, selected lines 1093–1134, was actually inspected on October 26 and is reused here without redundant retrieval. Grouped/See/aka/parenthetical changed-name entries are skipped. Only names and administrative state setting used; no legal-status, ethnicity, affiliation, homeland or government-power analysis. Official PDF not inspected; no access-control bypass.", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "organized-village-of-kasaan", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Organized Village of Kwethluk", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Organized Village of Kwethluk has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This is a findable name-only route, not a newly identified distinct people or a claim about current ethnicity, language, ancestry, affiliation, jurisdiction or exclusive representation. A similarly named municipality or Native corporation is not substituted for the named Native entity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "title": "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102–4106, 2026-01899", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "scope": "Exact selected Native community/government label at indexed primary-body line 1128; explicit Alaska heading at line 789. The readable 2026-01899 XML body, selected lines 1093–1134, was actually inspected on October 26 and is reused here without redundant retrieval. Grouped/See/aka/parenthetical changed-name entries are skipped. Only names and administrative state setting used; no legal-status, ethnicity, affiliation, homeland or government-power analysis. Official PDF not inspected; no access-control bypass.", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "organized-village-of-kwethluk", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Organized Village of Saxman", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Organized Village of Saxman has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This is a findable name-only route, not a newly identified distinct people or a claim about current ethnicity, language, ancestry, affiliation, jurisdiction or exclusive representation. A similarly named municipality or Native corporation is not substituted for the named Native entity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "title": "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102–4106, 2026-01899", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "scope": "Exact selected Native community/government label at indexed primary-body line 1130; explicit Alaska heading at line 789. The readable 2026-01899 XML body, selected lines 1093–1134, was actually inspected on October 26 and is reused here without redundant retrieval. Grouped/See/aka/parenthetical changed-name entries are skipped. Only names and administrative state setting used; no legal-status, ethnicity, affiliation, homeland or government-power analysis. Official PDF not inspected; no access-control bypass.", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "organized-village-of-saxman", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Orutsararmiut Traditional Native Council", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Orutsararmiut Traditional Native Council has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This is a findable name-only route, not a newly identified distinct people or a claim about current ethnicity, language, ancestry, affiliation, jurisdiction or exclusive representation. A similarly named municipality or Native corporation is not substituted for the named Native entity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "title": "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102–4106, 2026-01899", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "scope": "Exact selected Native community/government label at indexed primary-body line 1132; explicit Alaska heading at line 789. The readable 2026-01899 XML body, selected lines 1093–1134, was actually inspected on October 26 and is reused here without redundant retrieval. Grouped/See/aka/parenthetical changed-name entries are skipped. Only names and administrative state setting used; no legal-status, ethnicity, affiliation, homeland or government-power analysis. Official PDF not inspected; no access-control bypass.", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "orutsararmiut-traditional-native-council", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 271, "name": "Osage", "region": "Great Plains / Oklahoma", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Osage Nation has a contemporary government in Oklahoma and wider historical homelands.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Osage Nation has a contemporary government in Oklahoma and wider historical homelands.", "sourceIds": [ "p271-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Osage-authored history, language, removal, land and contemporary institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p271-s1", "p271-s2", "p271-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p271-s1", "title": "Generations of History – Osage Nation Museum Collection Highlights with E. Sean StandingBear | Osage Nation", "url": "https://osagenation-nsn.gov/news-events/news/generations-history-osage-nation-museum-collection-highlights-e-sean-standingbear", "publisher": "osagenation-nsn.gov", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p271-s2", "title": "History of Osage County, Oklahoma | Visit the Osage | Visit the Osage", "publisher": "visittheosage.com", "url": "https://visittheosage.com/history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History of Osage County, Oklahoma | Visit the Osage | Visit the Osage” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p271-s3", "title": "2022 OSAGE NATION", "publisher": "osagenation-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.osagenation-nsn.gov/sites/default/files/documents/FINAL%20ONRD%20%2811.23%29.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “2022 OSAGE NATION” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "osage", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AR", "name": "Arkansas", "key": "us-ar" }, { "id": "US-KS", "name": "Kansas", "key": "us-ks" }, { "id": "US-MO", "name": "Missouri", "key": "us-mo" } ] }, { "name": "Oscarville Traditional Village", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Alaska Native community / government-name route", "region": "Alaska", "overview": "Oscarville Traditional Village has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Native community/government label in the dated Alaska section. This is a findable name-only route, not a newly identified distinct people or a claim about current ethnicity, language, ancestry, affiliation, jurisdiction or exclusive representation. A similarly named municipality or Native corporation is not substituted for the named Native entity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "title": "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / FederalRegister.gov indexed XML rendition, 91 FR 4102–4106, 2026-01899", "sourceDate": "2026-01-30", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "scope": "Exact selected Native community/government label at indexed primary-body line 1134; explicit Alaska heading at line 789. The readable 2026-01899 XML body, selected lines 1093–1134, was actually inspected on October 26 and is reused here without redundant retrieval. Grouped/See/aka/parenthetical changed-name entries are skipped. Only names and administrative state setting used; no legal-status, ethnicity, affiliation, homeland or government-power analysis. Official PDF not inspected; no access-control bypass.", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "oscarville-traditional-village", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 272, "name": "Otoe", "region": "Great Plains / Oklahoma", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Otoe history is connected with the Otoe-Missouria Tribe while retaining distinct historical people names.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Otoe history is connected with the Otoe-Missouria Tribe while retaining distinct historical people names.", "sourceIds": [ "p272-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Otoe and Missouria relationships, removal, language and contemporary government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p272-s1", "p272-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p272-s1", "title": "Tribal Seal | The Otoe-Missouria Tribe", "publisher": "omtribe.org", "url": "https://www.omtribe.org/who-we-are/history/tribal-seal/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Tribal Seal | The Otoe-Missouria Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p272-s2", "title": "History | The Otoe-Missouria Tribe", "publisher": "omtribe.org", "url": "https://www.omtribe.org/who-we-are/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History | The Otoe-Missouria Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "otoe", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "name": "Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians, Oklahoma", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Oklahoma", "overview": "Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians, Oklahoma has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "otoemissouria-tribe-of-indians-oklahoma", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "originalId": 273, "name": "Otomí", "region": "Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Otomí is a broad label for diverse communities and languages using several local self-designations.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Otomí is a broad label for diverse communities and languages using several local self-designations.", "sourceIds": [ "p273-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Hñähñu and other names, language varieties and distinct community histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p273-s1", "p273-s2", "p273-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p273-s1", "title": "Diálogo con los Pueblos Otomí y Tepehua. Tenango de Doria, Hidalgo. – Diálogo con los Pueblos Indígenas | Gobierno de México", "publisher": "inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inpi.gob.mx/dialogos/dialogo-con-los-pueblos-otomi-y-tepehua-tenango-de-doria-hidalgo/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Diálogo con los Pueblos Otomí y Tepehua. Tenango de Doria, Hidalgo. – Diálogo con los Pueblos Indígenas | Gobierno de México” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p273-s2", "title": "Diálogo con los Pueblos otomí, náhuatl, totonaco y tepehua. Pahuatlán, Puebla. – Diálogo con los Pueblos Indígenas | Gobierno de México", "publisher": "inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inpi.gob.mx/dialogos/dialogo-con-los-pueblos-otomi-nahuatl-totonaco-y-tepehua-pahuatlan-puebla/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Diálogo con los Pueblos otomí, náhuatl, totonaco y tepehua. Pahuatlán, Puebla. – Diálogo con los Pueblos Indígenas | Gobierno de México” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p273-s3", "title": "Otomí del Valle del Mezquital o hñähñú – Gobierno de México", "publisher": "reformaindigenatraduccion.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://reformaindigenatraduccion.inpi.gob.mx/documentos/otomi-del-valle-del-mezquital-hnahnu/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Otomí del Valle del Mezquital o hñähñú – Gobierno de México” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 387, 200 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "otomi", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 274, "name": "Ottawa (Odawa)", "region": "Great Lakes / Canada / United States", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Explore Ottawa/Odawa histories through the Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma’s own account and the Little Traverse Bay Bands’ selected Waganakising history. These distinct community scopes matter. A selected first-person passage by Odawa author Andrew J. Blackbird provides another attributed historical voice.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Odawa is a community name used alongside Ottawa. Distinct Odawa nations and communities have different histories.", "sourceIds": [ "p274-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Anishinaabe relationships, language, homelands and individual governments. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p274-s1", "p274-s2", "p274-s3" ] }, { "title": "Begin with distinct community accounts", "text": "The Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma describes its own wider Anishinaabe relationship and homelands. The 2005 Little Traverse Bay Bands publication limits its later account to Waganakising bands, including Beaver Islands. Read their differences as part of the history.", "sourceIds": [ "mg04-ottawa-own-history", "an14-c3" ] }, { "title": "A named historical author", "text": "The selected Blackbird passage recalls travel and hospitality at a Tittabawassee riverside camp. The portrait identifies that author; his retrospective account is one voice and is not a census of river communities or a present-government record.", "sourceIds": [ "t5" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p274-s1", "title": "Ottawa History — Adawe Cultural Center", "publisher": "heritage.ottawatribe.gov", "url": "https://www.heritage.ottawatribe.gov/ottawa-history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Ottawa History — Adawe Cultural Center” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p274-s2", "title": "About Odawa Area – Odawa Area Scouting", "publisher": "odawa-scouting.ca", "url": "https://odawa-scouting.ca/home/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “About Odawa Area – Odawa Area Scouting” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p274-s3", "title": "Language Resources — https://ottawatribe.gov/", "publisher": "ottawatribe.gov", "url": "https://www.ottawatribe.gov/language-resources", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Language Resources — https://ottawatribe.gov/” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "mg04-ottawa-own-history", "title": "Ottawa History — Adawe Cultural Center", "publisher": "Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma, Adawe Cultural Center and Museum", "url": "https://www.heritage.ottawatribe.gov/ottawa-history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma", "Community history", "Peoplehood" ], "annotation": "The Tribe identifies itself as a sovereign nation within wider Anishinaabe peoplehood and describes Great Lakes, Ohio Valley, Kansas and Oklahoma connections. This short account is one nation’s perspective, not a universal Odawa chronology.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual About Us and Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma paragraphs, web lines 16–21 read. Linked histories, artifacts, classes and treaties were not reviewed.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "mg04-ottawa-language-support", "title": "Language Resources — https://ottawatribe.gov/", "publisher": "Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma", "url": "https://www.ottawatribe.gov/language-resources", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Supporting language-resource directory. It links learning programs and an 1887 John Early journal; those linked resources, recordings and files were not inspected here.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual language-resource explanatory body, web lines 87–111 read. No linked course, Facebook group or journal PDF inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Supporting resource directory; excluded from the curated substantive reading list." }, { "id": "an14-c3", "title": "Our Land and Culture: A 200 Year History of Our Land Use", "author": "Wesley L. Andrews, research and writing; Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians community project", "publisher": "Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians", "url": "https://ltbbodawa-nsn.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Our-Land-and-Culture-for-web.pdf", "type": "Community-published historical book with elder interviews", "topics": [ "Odawa identity", "Land use", "Community histories", "Historical change" ], "annotation": "A tribal project combining documents and elder interviews, with youth participation. Its own introduction limits later history to Waganakising bands, including Beaver Islands, and distinguishes shared identity from specific belonging. Selected pages only; neither a full-book review nor current legal interpretation. Historical vocabulary and family records are not replicated.", "publicationDate": "November 2005; cover says compiled and printed then, not the 2021 upload date", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Visually inspected cover, contents, illustrations list, introduction printed 4–6, acknowledgements 7, chapter opening 29, and summary 43–44 (PDF 1–8,33–36,55–56, including intervening illustrations).", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "t5", "title": "History of the Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan (1887), selected Tittabawassee passage", "publisher": "Andrew J. Blackbird; University of Wisconsin–Madison-hosted transcription", "url": "https://ojibwegrammar.langsci.wisc.edu/Assets/Pdfs/BookBlackbird.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-authored primary account", "annotation": "Blackbird’s first-person recollection describes winter travel and hospitality at a Tittabawassee riverside camp. It is a named Odawa author’s retrospective account, not an ethnic census of every camp.", "contentReviewScope": "Title/front matter and selected citizenship-journey passage on PDF pages 42–43, marked printed pages 60–61, read. The rest of the 140-page PDF and its language material were not reviewed for this entry.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-25", "accessed": "2026-10-25", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "topics": [ "Tittabawassee", "Michigan", "History" ] } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 14, 265, 307 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "overviewSourceIds": [ "mg04-ottawa-own-history", "an14-c3", "t5" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "researchGaps": [ "Broaden direct Odawa community histories, including Canadian communities, without treating an individual government as the whole people.", "Read the full LTBB book, Blackbird editions and language materials before extending the selected-page synthesis or a universal language claim.", "Original Odawa Area Scouting link is retained as an unassessed lead; Indigenous authorship and direct community-history scope have not been established. It is excluded from the curated guide.", "No present population, enrollment, border, legal-rights or treaty-implementation conclusion follows from these readings. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded reading route with inspected content and a specifically explained visual. It does not establish a complete history, separate nation count or community endorsement.", "remainingLimits": [ "Broaden direct Odawa community histories, including Canadian communities, without treating an individual government as the whole people.", "Read the full LTBB book, Blackbird editions and language materials before extending the selected-page synthesis or a universal language claim.", "Original Odawa Area Scouting link is retained as an unassessed lead; Indigenous authorship and direct community-history scope have not been established. It is excluded from the curated guide.", "No present population, enrollment, border, legal-rights or treaty-implementation conclusion follows from these readings. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ] }, "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-04", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "mg04-ottawa-own-history", "reason": "Begin with the Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma’s short, specifically scoped account." }, { "sourceId": "an14-c3", "reason": "Read the selected pages of the community-published Waganakising history, retaining the November 2005 date." }, { "sourceId": "t5", "reason": "Compare Blackbird’s selected first-person historical recollection; the rest of his book remains outside the reviewed scope." } ], "scopeNote": "A wider Ottawa/Odawa reading route across specifically named communities and authors; it is not one government or a universal account.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "remainingQuestions": [ "Broaden direct Odawa community histories, including Canadian communities, without treating an individual government as the whole people.", "Read the full LTBB book, Blackbird editions and language materials before extending the selected-page synthesis or a universal language claim.", "Original Odawa Area Scouting link is retained as an unassessed lead; Indigenous authorship and direct community-history scope have not been established. It is excluded from the curated guide.", "No present population, enrollment, border, legal-rights or treaty-implementation conclusion follows from these readings. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "imageRecordId": "ottawa-andrew-blackbird-1897" }, "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "an14-c3", "origin": { "slug": "anishinaabe" }, "originalSourceObjectPreserved": true, "inspectionBasis": "Exact previously inspected source object and original dates/scopes retained. Reuse is not a fresh global work or a full-source rereading." }, { "sourceId": "t5", "origin": { "slug": "tittabawassee-ojibwe-communities" }, "originalSourceObjectPreserved": true, "inspectionBasis": "Exact previously inspected source object and original dates/scopes retained. Reuse is not a fresh global work or a full-source rereading." } ], "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "added": false, "slug": "ottawa-odawa", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MI", "name": "Michigan", "key": "us-mi" } ] }, { "name": "Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Oklahoma", "overview": "Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "ottawa-tribe-of-oklahoma", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "originalId": 275, "name": "Paipai", "region": "Mexico / Baja California", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Paipai people have homelands in northern Baja California.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Paipai people have homelands in northern Baja California.", "sourceIds": [ "p275-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community names, Paipai language and distinct local histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p275-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p275-s1", "title": "Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales", "publisher": "inali.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inali.gob.mx/sitios/clin-inali/html/l_paipai.html", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 166, 176 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "paipai", "regionGroups": [ "California", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 276, "name": "Paiute", "region": "Great Basin / Southwest", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Paiute is a broad label used in distinct Northern and Southern language and community histories. This route introduces separate Northern Paiute and San Juan Southern Paiute examples and directs attention to particular nations; it does not identify a single Paiute people, government or territory.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Paiute is a broad label whose Northern and Southern usages refer to distinct language and community histories.", "sourceIds": [ "p276-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Distinguish Northern Paiute, Southern Paiute and individual nations. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p276-s1", "p276-s2", "p276-s3" ] }, { "title": "A Northern Paiute route includes distinct joint communities", "text": "The California Language Archive distinguishes Northern Paiute from the Chemehuevi–Southern Paiute–Ute language grouping. Its linguistic geography is not a government boundary. At Duck Valley, the Tribes' own history identifies Western Shoshone and Northern Paiute descendants and describes their shared community and joint government. These sources offer one Northern route while preserving the different peoples involved.", "sourceIds": [ "b05-paiute-northern-language-reviewed-20261024", "b05-paiute-duck-valley-reviewed-20261023" ] }, { "title": "San Juan Southern Paiute: a particular nation's account", "text": "The San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe describes its communities in northern Arizona and southern Utah and explains a long history of living alongside Navajo neighbors. It dates its federal recognition to December 1989 and explicitly distinguishes its identity from Navajo and Hopi relatives and neighbors. That community account should be read on its own terms, not extended to all Southern Paiute nations or to Northern Paiute histories.", "sourceIds": [ "b05-paiute-sanjuan-history-20261027" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p276-s1", "title": "Discover the History and Culture of the San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe", "publisher": "sanjuanpaiute-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.sanjuanpaiute-nsn.gov/about", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Discover the History and Culture of the San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p276-s2", "title": "Constitution of The San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe", "publisher": "sanjuanpaiute-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.sanjuanpaiute-nsn.gov/help-article/preamble", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Constitution of The San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p276-s3", "title": "Las Vegas Paiute Tribe | Official Tribal Government Website", "publisher": "lvpaiute.gov", "url": "https://www.lvpaiute.gov/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Las Vegas Paiute Tribe | Official Tribal Government Website” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "b05-paiute-northern-language-reviewed-20261024", "title": "Northern Paiute", "url": "https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/northern-paiute.html", "publisher": "California Language Archive, University of California Berkeley", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-24", "contentReviewScope": "Main body lines0–54: language geography, classification, grammatical overview, documentation and reading links. Audio, linked scholarship and images not inspected.", "annotation": "Academic orientation to Northern Paiute as a Western Numic language with regional varieties. Distinguish its linguistic geography from governments and historical borders; dated speaker/population estimates are not current statistics.", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Language", "Identity" ], "accessed": "2026-10-24" }, { "id": "b05-paiute-duck-valley-reviewed-20261023", "title": "Our History — Cultural Department", "publisher": "Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Indian Reservation", "url": "https://shopaitribes.org/cultural-department/", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Complete visible history body, lines43–61, read October23. Linked history videos were not played and photographs not reused.", "annotation": "The joint government identifies Western Shoshone and Northern Paiute descendants at Duck Valley and recounts reservation creation/expansion, resistance to relocation, schooling and constitutional organization. This is its institutional history, not a uniform history of all Northern Paiute communities. Undated membership and present-program figures are not used.", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community history", "Homelands", "Government" ], "accessed": "2026-10-23" }, { "id": "b05-paiute-sanjuan-history-20261027", "title": "About the Tribe — San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe", "publisher": "San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe", "url": "https://www.sanjuanpaiute-nsn.gov/about", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Community history", "Homelands" ], "annotation": "A particular Southern Paiute government's account of its communities in northern Arizona and southern Utah, distinction from Navajo and Hopi neighbors, and federal recognition in 1989. Its account of the 2000 intertribal treaty is a situated historical/political position, not a verified statement of present reservation status. Neither the linked news story nor current gaming or legal arrangements were evaluated. A stray marketing-template quotation on the page is not tribal evidence.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual official narrative lines 10–19 read, including local communities, historical relationship with Navajo neighbors, 1989 recognition and the page's 2000 treaty explanation. Synthesis uses only identity/local-history paragraphs 12–16; current treaty approval/status was not checked or asserted. Embedded media, reproduced newspaper story at lines 21–26, preamble, linked original documents, images, gaming section and unrelated template copy excluded. Baseline p276-s1 retained exactly; this fresh review has a new ID.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 255, 356, 50 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "overviewSourceIds": [ "b05-paiute-northern-language-reviewed-20261024", "b05-paiute-duck-valley-reviewed-20261023", "b05-paiute-sanjuan-history-20261027" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "researchGaps": [ "Paiute is a broad route through distinct Northern and Southern usages, not a single people, government, language or territory. Additional individual nations need their own community sources.", "The Northern Paiute language account does not supply a full Southern Paiute linguistic comparison; Southern Paiute and Chemehuevi community-authored language scholarship remain to be reviewed.", "Duck Valley and San Juan Southern Paiute are different, specifically scoped examples. Neither supplies a universal Paiute history, and a joint Shoshone-Paiute project should not be presented as exclusively Paiute.", "The San Juan account's current land/treaty status, original documents and outcomes were not evaluated. No current legal, acreage, demographic or membership claim is made.", "Northern Paiute language/Duck Valley evidence retains actual October 24/23 review dates from the saved draft; it is reused evidence, not newly read global scholarship. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "Three actual scoped works offer a navigational comparison: Northern Paiute linguistic orientation, Duck Valley joint-community history and San Juan Southern Paiute's own account. Two works reuse dated Northern Paiute draft reviews, and the third is a fresh selected-body review. This remains far from an adequate wider history.", "remainingLimits": [ "Paiute is a broad route through distinct Northern and Southern usages, not a single people, government, language or territory. Additional individual nations need their own community sources.", "The Northern Paiute language account does not supply a full Southern Paiute linguistic comparison; Southern Paiute and Chemehuevi community-authored language scholarship remain to be reviewed.", "Duck Valley and San Juan Southern Paiute are different, specifically scoped examples. Neither supplies a universal Paiute history, and a joint Shoshone-Paiute project should not be presented as exclusively Paiute.", "The San Juan account's current land/treaty status, original documents and outcomes were not evaluated. No current legal, acreage, demographic or membership claim is made.", "Northern Paiute language/Duck Valley evidence retains actual October 24/23 review dates from the saved draft; it is reused evidence, not newly read global scholarship. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ] }, "startingGuide": { "sources": [ { "sourceId": "b05-paiute-sanjuan-history-20261027", "reason": "Begin with the named Southern Paiute government's own local history and identity; treat its unresolved legal statements cautiously." }, { "sourceId": "b05-paiute-duck-valley-reviewed-20261023", "reason": "Compare a distinct Northern Paiute–Western Shoshone joint-community account, rather than merging the two examples." }, { "sourceId": "b05-paiute-northern-language-reviewed-20261024", "reason": "Use the archive for Northern Paiute linguistic classification, not as a definition of all Paiute peoples." } ], "remainingQuestions": [ "Paiute is a broad route through distinct Northern and Southern usages, not a single people, government, language or territory. Additional individual nations need their own community sources.", "The Northern Paiute language account does not supply a full Southern Paiute linguistic comparison; Southern Paiute and Chemehuevi community-authored language scholarship remain to be reviewed.", "Duck Valley and San Juan Southern Paiute are different, specifically scoped examples. Neither supplies a universal Paiute history, and a joint Shoshone-Paiute project should not be presented as exclusively Paiute.", "The San Juan account's current land/treaty status, original documents and outcomes were not evaluated. No current legal, acreage, demographic or membership claim is made." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "batchId": "starter-guides-05", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "researchComplete": false, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "imageRecordId": "paiute-northern-duck-valley-greenhouses-hedrick-2015" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "added": false, "slug": "paiute", "regionGroups": [ "Great Basin", "Southwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-ID", "name": "Idaho", "key": "us-id" }, { "id": "US-NV", "name": "Nevada", "key": "us-nv" }, { "id": "US-UT", "name": "Utah", "key": "us-ut" } ] }, { "name": "Paiute-Shoshone Tribe of the Fallon Reservation and Colony, Nevada", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Nevada", "overview": "Paiute-Shoshone Tribe of the Fallon Reservation and Colony, Nevada has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "paiuteshoshone-tribe-of-the-fallon-reservation-and-colony-nevada", "regionGroups": [ "Great Basin" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NV", "name": "Nevada", "key": "us-nv" } ] }, { "originalId": 277, "name": "Palouse", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Columbia Plateau", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Palouse is a people name associated with the Columbia Plateau and Palouse River region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Palouse is a people name associated with the Columbia Plateau and Palouse River region.", "sourceIds": [ "p277-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Historical communities, language and contemporary descendant relationships. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p277-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p277-s1", "title": "Palouse to Cascades State Park Trail History | Washington State Parks", "publisher": "parks.wa.gov", "url": "https://parks.wa.gov/about/news-center/field-guide-blog/palouse-cascades-state-park-trail-history", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Palouse to Cascades State Park Trail History | Washington State Parks” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "palouse", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "originalId": 278, "name": "Pame", "region": "Mexico / San Luis Potosí", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Pame communities have homelands in central Mexico, especially San Luis Potosí.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Pame communities have homelands in central Mexico, especially San Luis Potosí.", "sourceIds": [ "p278-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Xi’úi-related naming, language varieties and local community histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p278-s1", "p278-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p278-s1", "title": "Pames - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/pames-etnografia/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Pames - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p278-s2", "title": "Pames | Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/pames-san-luis-potosi/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Pames | Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "pame", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 279, "name": "Pamlico", "region": "Southeast / North Carolina", "kind": "Historical people / name", "overview": "Pamlico is a historical Indigenous name in coastal North Carolina.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Pamlico is a historical Indigenous name in coastal North Carolina.", "sourceIds": [ "p279-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Colonial records, language evidence and relationships with later communities. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p279-s1", "p279-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p279-s1", "title": "Pamlico Indians | NCpedia", "publisher": "ncpedia.org", "url": "https://www.ncpedia.org/pamlico-indians", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Pamlico Indians | NCpedia” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p279-s2", "title": "Pamlico | Social Sciences and Humanities | Research Starters | EBSCOhost", "publisher": "ebsco.com", "url": "https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/social-sciences-and-humanities/pamlico", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Pamlico | Social Sciences and Humanities | Research Starters | EBSCOhost” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "pamlico", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NC", "name": "North Carolina", "key": "us-nc" } ] }, { "added": true, "name": "Pamunkey", "region": "Southeast / Virginia", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Pamunkey Indian Tribe has enduring relationships with Virginia’s Pamunkey River region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Pamunkey Indian Tribe has enduring relationships with Virginia’s Pamunkey River region.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Tribe-published history, land, political continuity and contemporary institutions. Start with the annotated sources and compare each publisher’s scope and perspective.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1", "added-s2", "added-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "added-s1", "title": "Pamunkey Tribe History | Pamunkey Indian Tribe", "publisher": "pamunkey.org", "url": "https://www.pamunkey.org/history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Pamunkey Tribe History | Pamunkey Indian Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "added-s2", "title": "Museum & Cultural Center | Pamunkey Indian Tribe", "publisher": "pamunkey.org", "url": "https://www.pamunkey.org/museum-cultural-center", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Museum & Cultural Center | Pamunkey Indian Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "added-s3", "title": "Federal Recognition for the Pamunkey - Historic Jamestowne Part of Colonial National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)", "publisher": "nps.gov", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/federal-recognition-for-the-pamunkey.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Federal Recognition for the Pamunkey - Historic Jamestowne Part of Colonial National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 308 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "slug": "pamunkey", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-VA", "name": "Virginia", "key": "us-va" } ] }, { "originalId": 280, "name": "Panamint", "region": "Great Basin / California", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Panamint is encountered in sources relating to Timbisha Shoshone people and the Death Valley region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Panamint is encountered in sources relating to Timbisha Shoshone people and the Death Valley region.", "sourceIds": [ "p280-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-preferred naming, language, homeland and contemporary tribal accounts. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p280-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p280-s1", "title": "Panamint", "publisher": "cla.berkeley.edu", "url": "https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/panamint.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Panamint” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 347 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "panamint", "regionGroups": [ "California", "Great Basin" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 281, "name": "Pascua Yaqui", "region": "Southwest / Arizona / Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Pascua Yaqui Tribe is a distinct contemporary government within the wider Yaqui or Yoeme world.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Pascua Yaqui Tribe is a distinct contemporary government within the wider Yaqui or Yoeme world.", "sourceIds": [ "p281-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Tribal history, language, cross-border relationships and the separate Yaqui entry. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p281-s1", "p281-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p281-s1", "title": "Culture - Pascua Yaqui Tribe", "publisher": "pascuayaqui-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.pascuayaqui-nsn.gov/culture/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Culture - Pascua Yaqui Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p281-s2", "title": "Departments - Pascua Yaqui Tribe", "publisher": "pascuayaqui-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.pascuayaqui-nsn.gov/departments/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Departments - Pascua Yaqui Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 441 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "pascua-yaqui", "searchTerms": [ "Pascua Yaqui Tribe of Arizona" ], "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AZ", "name": "Arizona", "key": "us-az" } ] }, { "originalId": 282, "name": "Passamaquoddy", "region": "Northeast / Maine / New Brunswick", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Passamaquoddy communities have homelands across the modern U.S.–Canada border.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Passamaquoddy communities have homelands across the modern U.S.–Canada border.", "sourceIds": [ "p282-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Peskotomuhkati naming, language, Wabanaki relationships and distinct communities. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p282-s1", "p282-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p282-s1", "title": "Culture & History | Passamaquoddy Tribe @ Indian Township", "publisher": "passamaquoddy.com", "url": "https://www.passamaquoddy.com/?page_id=24", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Culture & History | Passamaquoddy Tribe @ Indian Township” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p282-s2", "title": "- The Passamaquoddy Tribe; and", "publisher": "legislature.maine.gov", "url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/doc/3815", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “- The Passamaquoddy Tribe; and” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "passamaquoddy", "regionGroups": [ "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-ME", "name": "Maine", "key": "us-me" } ] }, { "originalId": 283, "name": "Patwin", "region": "California", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Patwin people have homelands in the Sacramento Valley region and continue through distinct communities.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Patwin people have homelands in the Sacramento Valley region and continue through distinct communities.", "sourceIds": [ "p283-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Patwin language, local histories and contemporary tribal governments. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p283-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p283-s1", "title": "Patwin", "publisher": "cla.berkeley.edu", "url": "https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/patwin.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Patwin” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "patwin", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 284, "name": "Pawnee", "region": "Great Plains / Oklahoma", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma has ancestral homelands on the central plains.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma has ancestral homelands on the central plains.", "sourceIds": [ "p284-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Pawnee-authored history, constituent bands, language and removal. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p284-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p284-s1", "title": "Pawnee History | Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma", "publisher": "pawneenation.org", "url": "https://pawneenation.org/pawnee-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Pawnee History | Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "pawnee", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "name": "Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Oklahoma", "overview": "Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "pawnee-nation-of-oklahoma", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "name": "Pays Plat First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — listing address only", "overview": "Pays Plat First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. This is an organizational relationship; membership alone does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, citizenship, jurisdiction or representation of another named community.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page 18 (zero-based 17), Northern Superior member-listing block: exact name and explicit ON address locality only. Parenthetical alternate name retained only where printed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "access": "Public PDF selectable text actually inspected; no account or subscription needed for this inspection", "selectedPages": [ 18 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 17 ], "selectedLines": "1863-1865", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "pays-plat-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "originalId": 290, "name": "Pech", "region": "Central America / Honduras", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Pech people have communities and homelands in Honduras.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Pech people have communities and homelands in Honduras.", "sourceIds": [ "p290-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Pech language, community histories, territorial relationships and contemporary institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p290-s1", "p290-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p290-s1", "title": "Pech", "url": "https://diccionariolesho.unah.edu.hn/lecciones/pech/", "publisher": "diccionariolesho.unah.edu.hn", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p290-s2", "title": "WALS Online - Language Pech", "publisher": "wals.info", "url": "https://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_pec", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “WALS Online - Language Pech” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "pech", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "HN", "name": "Honduras", "key": "hn" } ] }, { "originalId": 285, "name": "Pecos Pueblo", "region": "Southwest / New Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Pecos Pueblo is an ancestral Pueblo place whose descendants continue at Jemez Pueblo.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Pecos Pueblo is an ancestral Pueblo place whose descendants continue at Jemez Pueblo.", "sourceIds": [ "p285-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: P’aékilâ, trade, colonial change and living descendant relationships. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p285-s1", "p285-s2", "p285-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p285-s1", "title": "Pecos Pueblo – Pueblo of Jemez", "publisher": "jemezpueblo.org", "url": "https://www.jemezpueblo.org/about/pecos-pueblo/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Pecos Pueblo – Pueblo of Jemez” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p285-s2", "title": "Pecos Pueblo - Pecos National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)", "publisher": "nps.gov", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/peco/learn/historyculture/pecospueblo.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Pecos Pueblo - Pecos National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p285-s3", "title": "Pecos – Pueblo of Jemez", "publisher": "jemezpueblo.org", "url": "https://www.jemezpueblo.org/places/pecos/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Pecos – Pueblo of Jemez” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 150, 396 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "pecos-pueblo", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] }, { "name": "Penateka", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Historical Comanche band / division name", "region": "Texas", "overview": "Penateka is a historical Comanche band/division reading route. The consulted Texas report places its historical range in central Texas and explains that Comanche bands were fluid rather than a fixed set of separate modern governments. Schilz’s biography of Buffalo Hump adds an account of one Penateka leader’s diplomacy and later movement. These readings offer a starting point for understanding a particular community history within wider Comanche history, while leaving contemporary affiliations and fuller community voices open.", "relationshipNote": "The December 2021 report identifies this name within historical Comanche band/division organization. This is a historical name-only access route linked to the broader Comanche collection, not a newly established separate people, present-day government, citizenship category or exclusive descendant group. The report describes band formation and political organization as fluid. Printed spellings in the inspected December 2021 synthesis, attributed there to CLCPC 2010. They are not independently verified community-preferred present orthography; no translations or pronunciation claims are adopted.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "A historical band within changing Comanche communities", "text": "The Texas report distinguishes extended families, local bands and broader divisions, while warning that outside geographic labels could carry political assumptions. Its Penateka discussion places this particular historical route in central Texas. These descriptions are historical orientation, not surveyed boundaries or a current-government roster.", "sourceIds": [ "p83-txdot2021" ] }, { "title": "Diplomacy and movement through one biography", "text": "Schilz recounts Buffalo Hump’s meeting with Sam Houston in 1844, his later departure from the Brazos reservation, and settlement near Fort Cobb in 1859. This attributed biography introduces negotiation and displacement alongside warfare. It does not establish that every Penateka family followed the same route or that treaty promises were implemented.", "sourceIds": [ "c5-penateka-buffalo-hump" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p83-txdot2021", "title": "TxDOT Tribal Histories: Comanche Nation Research Report — selected pages", "url": "https://ftp.txdot.gov/pub/txdot-info/env/toolkit/415-03-rpt.pdf", "publisher": "Texas Department of Transportation", "type": "Government / community-consulted research", "topics": [ "Texas", "History", "Bands", "Displacement" ], "annotation": "A chronological Texas synthesis prepared with the Nation’s historic-preservation office. Selected text supports a regional starting guide; its sources, dates and interpretations still need comparison.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Downloaded actual72-page PDF and read selected text: printed/PDFpp3,6–10,35–36,50–54. Map images and cited originals were not inspected; no sensitive-site locations or ceremonial instructions are reproduced.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessStatus": "Public text inspected", "language": "en", "publicationDate": "2021-12", "citation": "Texas Department of Transportation. 2021. TxDOT Tribal Histories: Comanche Nation Research Report. December. Selected pages.", "accessNotes": "Browser fetch timed out; official file downloaded successfully and selected pages extracted with pypdf. Review is textual, not visual inspection of illustrations. Internal chronology includes Texas annexation as1846 onp36 and a March1882 visit after1891 onp54; these dates are not adopted. Evaluative claims about individual leaders and reported historical counts remain outside this synthesis. Consultation does not make every statement independently verified.", "perspective": "Agency synthesis with documented Comanche THPO consultation; underlying works not independently inspected.", "countReason": "One substantial directly relevant report, selected pages read; alternate host and archive editions would be the same work." }, { "id": "c5-penateka-buffalo-hump", "title": "Buffalo Hump — selected Penateka diplomacy and movement account", "publisher": "Texas State Historical Association / Handbook of Texas Online; Jodye Lynn Dickson Schilz", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/buffalo-hump", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Historical bands", "Texas", "History" ], "annotation": "A biographical starting point for one specifically identified Penateka leader. The synthesis uses the 1844 diplomacy and later movement between the Brazos and Fort Cobb contexts, rather than treating a military biography as the whole community. Numerical casualty claims, name etymology and generalized judgments are not adopted.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual full main body and bibliography read, web lines6–20. Selected synthesis from paragraphs10–14; original treaties, papers and cited books not inspected. Images and exact casualty totals not reviewed.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessNotes": "Public HTML main body inspected. Bibliography points to further works; those underlying publications and original records were not read here." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://ftp.txdot.gov/pub/txdot-info/env/toolkit/415-03-rpt.pdf", "title": "TxDOT Tribal Histories: Comanche Nation Research Report", "publisher": "Texas Department of Transportation", "sourceDate": "December 2021", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "scope": "Actual PDF printed and physical pages 9: The report explicitly identifies Penateka as a historical Comanche band and prints the three selected variants in the same paragraph. Its stated historical range includes the Edwards Plateau and central Texas river headwaters. Historical name/relationship check only; no present-government or present-membership claim.", "selectedPages": [ 9 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 8 ], "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [ "Penatvka", "Penanvv", "Pihnaatvka" ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 83 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "comanche" ], "researchGaps": [ "Seek band-specific community-authored histories and further Indigenous scholarship; the current path relies partly on outside historical synthesis.", "Read underlying manuscripts, negotiations, oral-history publications and later community histories before expanding the chronology.", "Historical band labels do not establish a separate present government, exact territory, citizenship or individual descent. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded historical-band starting path from two actual-content works, with attributed perspectives and explicit limits; further community-directed research remains open.", "remainingLimits": [ "Seek band-specific community-authored histories and further Indigenous scholarship; the current path relies partly on outside historical synthesis.", "Read underlying manuscripts, negotiations, oral-history publications and later community histories before expanding the chronology.", "Historical band labels do not establish a separate present government, exact territory, citizenship or individual descent. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p83-txdot2021", "c5-penateka-buffalo-hump" ], "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "startingGuide": { "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p83-txdot2021", "reason": "Begin with the selected band-organization discussion and its limits on fixed labels." }, { "sourceId": "c5-penateka-buffalo-hump", "reason": "Continue to the specifically attributed historical episode or leader account; underlying original records remain further reading." } ], "remainingQuestions": [ "Seek band-specific community-authored histories and further Indigenous scholarship; the current path relies partly on outside historical synthesis.", "Read underlying manuscripts, negotiations, oral-history publications and later community histories before expanding the chronology.", "Historical band labels do not establish a separate present government, exact territory, citizenship or individual descent. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "scopeNote": "Historical Comanche band/division route; not automatically a separate present government or an exhaustive community history.", "batchId": "starter-guides-05", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "researchComplete": false, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "imageRecordId": "penateka-tosawa-soule-cabinet-card-1870s" }, "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "p83-txdot2021", "sourceProfile": "comanche", "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "originalContentReviewScope": "Downloaded actual72-page PDF and read selected text: printed/PDFpp3,6–10,35–36,50–54. Map images and cited originals were not inspected; no sensitive-site locations or ceremonial instructions are reproduced.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "inspectionBasis": "Exact earlier actual-content source object reused with original date and scope. Selected band-structure pages9–10 reread locally; this does not create another globally new work." } ], "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "penateka", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-TX", "name": "Texas", "key": "us-tx" } ] }, { "originalId": 286, "name": "Penobscot", "region": "Northeast / Maine", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Penobscot Nation has enduring relationships with the Penobscot River and surrounding homelands.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Penobscot Nation has enduring relationships with the Penobscot River and surrounding homelands.", "sourceIds": [ "p286-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Nation-published history, language, Wabanaki relationships and sovereignty. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p286-s1", "p286-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p286-s1", "title": "Penobscot Nation, ME", "url": "https://www.penobscotnation.org/index.php", "publisher": "penobscotnation.org", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p286-s2", "title": "Penobscot Nation, ME", "publisher": "penobscotnation.org", "url": "https://www.penobscotnation.org/services/cultural_historic_preservation/historic_preservation/tribal_timeline/index.php", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Penobscot Nation, ME” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "penobscot", "regionGroups": [ "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-ME", "name": "Maine", "key": "us-me" } ] }, { "originalId": 287, "name": "Pensacola", "region": "Southeast / Gulf Coast", "kind": "Historical people / name", "overview": "Pensacola/Panzacola is a historical people-name associated with Pensacola Bay in West Florida. The initial reading path now points to original people-specific research and distinguishes this name from the later city and the broader archaeological Pensacola culture.", "sections": [ { "title": "People, city and archaeological culture", "text": "Pensacola/Panzacola is a historical people-name associated with Pensacola Bay in West Florida. The initial reading path now points to original people-specific research and distinguishes this name from the later city and the broader archaeological Pensacola culture.", "sourceIds": [ "p287-map-review-20261021" ] }, { "title": "A focused source, with limits", "text": "DeRoche’s thesis examines documentary and archaeological evidence for the historical Panzacola. The introduction and selected pages support this initial orientation; they do not establish a positively identified excavated village. The remaining thesis, contemporary descendant connections and other original accounts need further review.", "sourceIds": [ "p287-map-review-20261021" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p287-map-review-20261021", "title": "Patrick Anthony DeRoche — In Pursuit of the Panzacola: A Historical Documentary and Archaeological Investigation", "publisher": "University of West Florida — Patrick Anthony DeRoche", "url": "https://ircommons.uwf.edu/esploro/outputs/graduate/In-Pursuit-of-the-Panzacola-A/99380599142006600", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Historical geography", "Identity", "Source review" ], "annotation": "DeRoche’s introduction explicitly places the historical Panzacola people around present-day Pensacola Bay in West Florida using seventeenth-century documentary accounts. His discussion distinguishes this people from the archaeological Pensacola culture; the test excavation did not establish a positive Panzacola site identification. Inspection: Actual university public download, valid-TLS HTTP 200, 2,675,875 bytes, 100 PDF pages including added cover. Cover/title; abstract printed p.viii / PDF p.9; introduction printed pp.1–3 / PDF pp.10–12; and printed p.8 / PDF p.17 were read as text/OCR. Not a complete thesis or excavation-data review. Limits: The canonical name Pensacola is retained; Panzacola is the historical people-label used by the thesis. The later city and archaeological culture are separate referents. No definitive excavated Panzacola village, coordinates, ethnicity-from-ceramics inference, contemporary recognition status or disappearance claim is adopted. This is an original student thesis with committee oversight, not a statement of consensus on every historical identification.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual university public download, valid-TLS HTTP 200, 2,675,875 bytes, 100 PDF pages including added cover. Cover/title; abstract printed p.viii / PDF p.9; introduction printed pp.1–3 / PDF pp.10–12; and printed p.8 / PDF p.17 were read as text/OCR. Not a complete thesis or excavation-data review.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "researchGaps": [ "Build a people-specific reading collection beyond the selected thesis passages; compare original documentary accounts and descendant/community histories.", "The title page and repository cover differ in year. Neither a later city name nor archaeological ceramics alone establishes a people’s identity." ], "added": false, "slug": "pensacola", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-FL", "name": "Florida", "key": "us-fl" } ] }, { "originalId": 288, "name": "Pentlatch", "region": "British Columbia / Vancouver Island", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Pentlatch is a people and language name associated with eastern Vancouver Island.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Pentlatch is a people and language name associated with eastern Vancouver Island.", "sourceIds": [ "p288-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Pentlatch language, K’ómoks relationships and living descendant contexts. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p288-s1", "p288-s2", "p288-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p288-s1", "title": "Cultures - K'ómoks First Nation", "publisher": "komoks.ca", "url": "https://komoks.ca/cultures/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Cultures - K'ómoks First Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p288-s2", "title": "K’ómoks First Nation", "publisher": "komoks.ca", "url": "https://komoks.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/CCP-Version-1.0-March-2014.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “K’ómoks First Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p288-s3", "title": "THE PEOPLE OF THE", "publisher": "komoks.ca", "url": "https://komoks.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/People-of-the-Komoks-First-Nation-Final-Feb-8-2024.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “THE PEOPLE OF THE” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 84 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "pentlatch", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 289, "name": "Peoria", "region": "Great Lakes / Oklahoma", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma continues the histories of multiple constituent peoples of the Illinois Country.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma continues the histories of multiple constituent peoples of the Illinois Country.", "sourceIds": [ "p289-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Removal, confederated histories and contemporary language and cultural work. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p289-s1", "p289-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p289-s1", "title": "Peoria Tribe, OK | Official Website", "publisher": "peoriatribe.gov", "url": "https://www.peoriatribe.gov/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Peoria Tribe, OK | Official Website” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p289-s2", "title": "2.1.4 History", "publisher": "peoriacounty.gov", "url": "https://www.peoriacounty.gov/DocumentCenter/View/5870/Adopted-Hazard-Mitigation-Plan", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “2.1.4 History” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 140 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "peoria", "searchTerms": [ "Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma" ], "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains", "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-IA", "name": "Iowa", "key": "us-ia" } ] }, { "originalId": 291, "name": "Pequot", "region": "Northeast / Connecticut", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Pequot people continue through distinct contemporary communities, including Mashantucket and Eastern Pequot institutions.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Pequot people continue through distinct contemporary communities, including Mashantucket and Eastern Pequot institutions.", "sourceIds": [ "p291-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Separate community histories, Pequot War accounts, language and sovereignty. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p291-s1", "p291-s2", "p291-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p291-s1", "title": "Pequot — community history", "url": "https://www.pequotmuseum.org/our-story/", "publisher": "pequotmuseum.org", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p291-s2", "title": "Exhibits - Mashantucket Pequot Museum and Research Center", "publisher": "pequotmuseum.org", "url": "https://www.pequotmuseum.org/explore/exhibits/", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Exhibits - Mashantucket Pequot Museum and Research Center” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p291-s3", "title": "Home | Eastern Pequot", "publisher": "easternpequottribalnation.org", "url": "https://www.easternpequottribalnation.org/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Home | Eastern Pequot” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 198 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "pequot", "regionGroups": [ "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CT", "name": "Connecticut", "key": "us-ct" } ] }, { "originalId": 292, "name": "Picuris Pueblo", "region": "Southwest / New Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Picuris Pueblo is a living Pueblo nation in northern New Mexico.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Picuris Pueblo is a living Pueblo nation in northern New Mexico.", "sourceIds": [ "p292-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Pueblo-authored history, Tiwa language context and community government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p292-s1", "p292-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p292-s1", "title": "Tribal Programs :: Picuris Pueblo", "publisher": "picurispueblo.org", "url": "https://www.picurispueblo.org/tribal-programs", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Tribal Programs :: Picuris Pueblo” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p292-s2", "title": "Museum Gift Shop | Picuris Pueblo", "publisher": "picurispueblo.org", "url": "https://www.picurispueblo.org/programs/museum-gift-shop", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Museum Gift Shop | Picuris Pueblo” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 310, 386 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "picuris-pueblo", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] }, { "originalId": 293, "name": "Pima (Akimel O'odham)", "region": "Southwest / Arizona", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Akimel O’odham is a people’s name encountered alongside Pima. The Gila River Indian Community includes distinct constituent peoples.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Akimel O’odham is a people’s name encountered alongside Pima. The Gila River Indian Community includes distinct constituent peoples.", "sourceIds": [ "p293-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: River relationships, language and community-specific history. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p293-s1", "p293-s2", "p293-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p293-s1", "title": "History | Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community", "publisher": "srpmic-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.srpmic-nsn.gov/about/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History | Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p293-s2", "title": "Timeline of O'odham Piipaash History | Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community", "publisher": "srpmic-nsn.gov", "url": "https://srpmic-nsn.gov/about/history/timeline/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Timeline of O'odham Piipaash History | Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p293-s3", "title": "Pima-Maricopa Irrigation Project, Education Initiative", "publisher": "gilariver.com", "url": "https://www.gilariver.com/lessons/waterlosslesson01.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Pima-Maricopa Irrigation Project, Education Initiative” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 390 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "pima-akimel-oodham", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AZ", "name": "Arizona", "key": "us-az" } ] }, { "originalId": 294, "name": "Pirinda", "region": "Mexico / State of Mexico / Michoacán", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Pirinda is encountered in histories related to Matlatzinca peoples. The naming relationship needs regional context.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Pirinda is encountered in histories related to Matlatzinca peoples. The naming relationship needs regional context.", "sourceIds": [ "p294-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Compare Matlatzinca sources, historical terminology and community self-identification. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p294-s1", "p294-s2", "p294-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p294-s1", "title": "pirinda | Diccionario del español de México", "publisher": "dem.colmex.mx", "url": "https://dem.colmex.mx/ver/pirinda", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “pirinda | Diccionario del español de México” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p294-s2", "title": "Matlatzinca – Catálogo Nacional de Pueblos y Comunidades Indígenas y Afromexicanas", "publisher": "catalogo.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://catalogo.inpi.gob.mx/matlatzinca/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Matlatzinca – Catálogo Nacional de Pueblos y Comunidades Indígenas y Afromexicanas” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p294-s3", "title": "Matlatzincas – Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/matlatzincas-lengua/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Matlatzincas – Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 200 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "relationshipNote": "The original list preserves this name as an access point. Compare the related entries and community-preferred spellings; overlapping names do not always mean identical political communities.", "added": false, "slug": "pirinda", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 295, "name": "Piscataway", "region": "Northeast / Maryland", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Piscataway communities have enduring relationships with the lower Potomac and Maryland region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Piscataway communities have enduring relationships with the lower Potomac and Maryland region.", "sourceIds": [ "p295-map-review-20261021" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Distinct community institutions, land, language history and continuity. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p295-map-review-20261021", "p295-s2", "p295-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p295-s2", "title": "History", "publisher": "piscatawayconoytribe.com", "url": "https://www.piscatawayconoytribe.com/index.php/history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p295-s3", "title": "PISCATAWAY CONOY TRIBE - Home", "publisher": "piscatawaytribe.org", "url": "https://www.piscatawaytribe.org/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “PISCATAWAY CONOY TRIBE - Home” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p295-map-review-20261021", "title": "History — Piscataway Conoy Tribe", "publisher": "See original publisher", "url": "https://www.piscatawayconoytribe.com/index.php/history", "type": "Supporting geographic reference", "topics": [ "Historical geography", "Source review" ], "annotation": "The Tribe describes Piscataway Conoy communities continuing in Southern Maryland. This route concerns a named community account and does not treat all Piscataway organizations as one government or establish exclusive borders. Inspection: Actual community-continuity and present-place paragraphs, lines 9–14. Legal recognition, descent claims and territorial extent require their own research.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual community-continuity and present-place paragraphs, lines 9–14. Legal recognition, descent claims and territorial extent require their own research.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "researchGaps": [ "Source fit correction: an unrelated older link was removed and archived. The geographic excerpt supports an initial route, not a full profile or adequate source collection." ], "evidenceNotes": [ "Review dated October 21, 2026; no profile depth or adequacy promotion." ], "added": false, "slug": "piscataway", "regionGroups": [ "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MD", "name": "Maryland", "key": "us-md" } ] }, { "originalId": 296, "name": "Plains Cree", "region": "Great Plains / Canada", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Plains Cree is a regional identity and language context within wider Cree histories.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Plains Cree is a regional identity and language context within wider Cree histories.", "sourceIds": [ "p296-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Nêhiyaw self-designation, language, treaty histories and distinct communities. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p296-s1", "p296-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p296-s1", "title": "ABORIGINAL HISTORY-Plains Cree", "publisher": "aboriginalhistory.ca", "url": "https://aboriginalhistory.ca/sections/Nations/Plains/PlainsCree/PlainsCree.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “ABORIGINAL HISTORY-Plains Cree” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p296-s2", "title": "The Indigenous Languages Act in Plains Cree - Canada.ca", "publisher": "canada.ca", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/indigenous-languages-act/plains-cree.html", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “The Indigenous Languages Act in Plains Cree - Canada.ca” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 91, 245 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "plains-cree", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-SK", "name": "Saskatchewan", "key": "ca-sk" } ] }, { "originalId": 297, "name": "Plains Miwok", "region": "California", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Plains Miwok is a regional people and language label within wider Miwok histories.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Plains Miwok is a regional people and language label within wider Miwok histories.", "sourceIds": [ "p297-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Sacramento–San Joaquin region homelands, language records and descendant communities. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p297-s1", "p297-s2", "p297-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p297-s1", "title": "Plains Miwok", "publisher": "cla.berkeley.edu", "url": "https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/plains-miwok.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Plains Miwok” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p297-s2", "title": "Plains Miwok, and h finally and otherwise ṣ in Bodega", "publisher": "planning.lacity.gov", "url": "https://planning.lacity.gov/eir/8150Sunset/References/4.C.1.%20Archaeological%20and%20Palentological%20Resources/ARCH.17_Shipley%201978%20Native%20Languages%20of%20California.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Plains Miwok, and h finally and otherwise ṣ in Bodega” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p297-s3", "title": "Plains Miwok Dictionary | Relational Lexicography", "publisher": "knowledgebase.arts.ubc.ca", "url": "https://knowledgebase.arts.ubc.ca/plains-miwok-dictionary/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Plains Miwok Dictionary | Relational Lexicography” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 216 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "plains-miwok", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 298, "name": "Plains Ojibwe", "region": "Great Plains / Canada / United States", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Plains Ojibwe refers to communities whose histories connect Ojibwe and plains regions.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Plains Ojibwe refers to communities whose histories connect Ojibwe and plains regions.", "sourceIds": [ "p298-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language, Saulteaux-related naming and distinct community histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p298-s1", "p298-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p298-s1", "title": "Saulteaux - Indigenous Saskatchewan Encyclopedia | University of Saskatchewan", "publisher": "teaching.usask.ca", "url": "https://teaching.usask.ca/indigenoussk/import/saulteaux.php", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Saulteaux - Indigenous Saskatchewan Encyclopedia | University of Saskatchewan” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p298-s2", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Plains Ojibwe", "publisher": "michigan.gov", "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/mileap/-/media/Project/Websites/mileap/Documents/Executive/Tribal-Relations/Anishinaabe-Resource-Manual.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Plains Ojibwe” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 265, 336 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "plains-ojibwe", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-SK", "name": "Saskatchewan", "key": "ca-sk" } ] }, { "originalId": 299, "name": "Pojoaque Pueblo", "region": "Southwest / New Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Pojoaque Pueblo is a living Pueblo nation in New Mexico.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Pojoaque Pueblo is a living Pueblo nation in New Mexico.", "sourceIds": [ "p299-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Pueblo-authored history, Tewa language context and contemporary institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p299-s1", "p299-s2", "p299-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p299-s1", "title": "Tewa Language – Pueblo of Pojoaque", "publisher": "pojoaque.org", "url": "https://pojoaque.org/tewalanguage/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Tewa Language – Pueblo of Pojoaque” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p299-s2", "title": "History - Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe del Valle de Pojoaque", "publisher": "pojoaquecatholics.com", "url": "https://www.pojoaquecatholics.com/OurParish/History", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History - Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe del Valle de Pojoaque” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p299-s3", "title": "Arts & Culture – Pueblo of Pojoaque", "publisher": "pojoaque.org", "url": "https://pojoaque.org/visit/arts-culture/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Arts & Culture – Pueblo of Pojoaque” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 310, 381 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "pojoaque-pueblo", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] }, { "name": "Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Michigan", "overview": "The Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians maintains a community account of homeland continuity, removal pressures and the later reaffirmation of its federal relationship. Its history is particular to Pokagon people, rather than interchangeable with every Potawatomi community. A second reading follows Simon Pokagon’s1898 letter through the Chicago History Museum and the attributed interpretation of Pokagon historian John Low. The historical portrait accompanies that named person’s writing; it is not a portrait of the current government or all Band citizens.", "relationshipNote": "The State’s individual entry expressly places the Pokagon Band within the greater Potawatomi Nation and notes Michigan and Indiana. Only the assigned Michigan directory association is proposed here.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "A community-published history", "text": "The selected History section and introductory culture paragraphs explain the Band’s own account of continuity. The original inspection scope and date are preserved; linked videos and detailed ritual or clan material are not being reviewed as additional works.", "sourceIds": [ "an14-c2" ] }, { "title": "A named writer and an archival question", "text": "The museum presents an1898 Simon Pokagon letter and explains how it informs debate about his authorship. Its transcription and John Low’s interpretation are distinguishable from independent examination of the original manuscript or a complete review of Pokagon’s books.", "sourceIds": [ "pokagon-letter-chm-20261027" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "an14-c2", "title": "Our Culture / Neshnabé bmadzëwen — History", "author": "Pokagon Band of Potawatomi; institutional account, no individual byline displayed", "publisher": "Pokagon Band of Potawatomi", "url": "https://www.pokagonband-nsn.gov/our-culture/", "type": "Community-authored cultural and historical account", "topics": [ "Three Fires relationships", "Pokagon history", "Homeland continuity", "Recognition" ], "annotation": "Substantive public history from a particular Potawatomi government. Useful for differences within related peoples and continuity through removal pressures. Legal summaries, casualty estimates and court details are not independently established here. Other ritual and clan sections are outside the selected synthesis.", "publicationDate": "Undated; footer year is not treated as publication date", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Actual History section, web lines 511–522, and introductory culture paragraphs 499–503. Linked videos, archives and other sections not claimed as reviewed works.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "pokagon-letter-chm-20261027", "title": "Simon Pokagon Letter: Voice of a Potawatomi Leader (November4,2024)", "publisher": "Chicago History Museum", "url": "https://www.chicagohistory.org/simon-pokagon-letter-voice-of-a-potawatomi-leader/", "type": "Museum / archive; attributed Indigenous historian", "topics": [ "Simon Pokagon", "Historical writing", "Authorship" ], "annotation": "The museum introduces an1898 Simon Pokagon letter and competing interpretations of his literary authorship. It includes attributed perspectives from Pokagon historian John Low; the letter transcription is distinct from a fresh manuscript examination.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Visible article body74–108 and displayed letter transcription110–131 read, plus portrait-specific Public domain caption81. The donated original letter, linked books, underlying research and separately permission-credited exposition photograph were not inspected or reproduced.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/egle/about/tribal-relations", "publisher": "Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy", "scope": "Actual Michigan is home to12federally recognized Tribes list, lines447–470; only names, Michigan location and government kind used. Other page content and linked tribal destinations not reviewed for this pass.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/som/government/branches-of-government/tribal-government", "publisher": "State of Michigan", "scope": "Actual Tribal Governments in Michigan entries, lines147–234; used for exact name variants and only the specifically stated relationships noted in each candidate. No current figures, legal or historical chronology adopted.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 307 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Read more community-authored histories and Simon Pokagon’s complete publications.", "Compare archival interpretations with the original letter and further scholarship without implying unanimous views." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded named-community starting guide, with selected inspected reading and an individually scoped picture. Broader history, original records and community review remain open.", "remainingLimits": [ "Read more community-authored histories and Simon Pokagon’s complete publications.", "Compare archival interpretations with the original letter and further scholarship without implying unanimous views." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "an14-c2", "pokagon-letter-chm-20261027" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-03", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "an14-c2", "reason": "Compare this selected perspective with community accounts and its explicit inspection limits." }, { "sourceId": "pokagon-letter-chm-20261027", "reason": "Compare this selected perspective with community accounts and its explicit inspection limits." } ], "scopeNote": "An individually named community/government route; broader people labels and neighboring communities remain related context, not interchangeable identities.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "remainingQuestions": [ "Read more community-authored histories and Simon Pokagon’s complete publications.", "Compare archival interpretations with the original letter and further scholarship without implying unanimous views." ], "imageRecordId": "pokagon-simon-portrait-chicago-history" }, "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "an14-c2", "origin": { "slug": "anishinaabe" }, "originalSourceObjectPreserved": true, "inspectionBasis": "Exact previously inspected source object, original review date and selected scope retained; not a new global work or full-source rereading." } ], "evidenceNotes": [ "This reviewed starting guide records selected actual-content sources, their perspectives and access limits. Reused earlier reviews retain their original dates/scopes; images and repeated URLs do not create new historical works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "pokagon-band-of-potawatomi-indians", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MI", "name": "Michigan", "key": "us-mi" } ] }, { "originalId": 300, "name": "Pokanoket", "region": "Northeast / New England", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Pokanoket is a community and historical name in southern New England’s Indigenous history.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Pokanoket is a community and historical name in southern New England’s Indigenous history.", "sourceIds": [ "p300-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-authored identity, Wampanoag relationships and colonial records. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p300-s1", "p300-s2", "p300-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p300-s1", "title": "History | Pokanoket Tribe", "publisher": "pokanokettribe.org", "url": "https://www.pokanokettribe.org/history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History | Pokanoket Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p300-s2", "title": "Historical Sites | Pokanoket Tribe", "publisher": "pokanokettribe.org", "url": "https://www.pokanokettribe.org/historical-sites", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Historical Sites | Pokanoket Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p300-s3", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Pokanoket", "publisher": "providenceri.gov", "url": "https://www.providenceri.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Matter-of-Truth2.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Pokanoket” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 425 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "pokanoket", "regionGroups": [ "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-RI", "name": "Rhode Island", "key": "us-ri" } ] }, { "originalId": 301, "name": "Pomo", "region": "California", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Pomo is a wider label for distinct peoples, language groups and tribal communities in northern California.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Pomo is a wider label for distinct peoples, language groups and tribal communities in northern California.", "sourceIds": [ "p301-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Local languages, individual governments and community-specific histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p301-s1", "p301-s2", "p301-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p301-s1", "title": "History | Scotts Valley Band Of Pomo Indians, CA", "publisher": "scottsvalley-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.scottsvalley-nsn.gov/heritage/history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History | Scotts Valley Band Of Pomo Indians, CA” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p301-s2", "title": "Our History – Pinoleville Pomo Nation", "publisher": "pinoleville-nsn.gov", "url": "https://pinoleville-nsn.gov/heritage/our-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Our History – Pinoleville Pomo Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p301-s3", "title": "History & Culture – Middletown Rancheria of Pomo Indians California", "publisher": "middletownrancheria-nsn.gov", "url": "https://middletownrancheria-nsn.gov/history-culture/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History & Culture – Middletown Rancheria of Pomo Indians California” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 159, 256 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "pomo", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 302, "name": "Ponca", "region": "Great Plains / Nebraska / Oklahoma", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Ponca people continue through distinct contemporary governments in Nebraska and Oklahoma.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Ponca people continue through distinct contemporary governments in Nebraska and Oklahoma.", "sourceIds": [ "p302-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Ponca-authored history, forced removal, return and language. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p302-s1", "p302-s2", "p302-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p302-s1", "title": "Microsoft Word - Ponca Tribe Constitution", "publisher": "ponca-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.ponca-nsn.gov/uploads/1/3/9/3/139355527/ponca_tribe_new_constitution2022.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Microsoft Word - Ponca Tribe Constitution” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p302-s2", "title": "Tribal Documents - Ponca Tribe", "publisher": "poncatribe-ne.gov", "url": "https://poncatribe-ne.gov/tribal-documents/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Tribal Documents - Ponca Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p302-s3", "title": "Homepage - Ponca Tribe", "publisher": "poncatribe-ne.gov", "url": "https://poncatribe-ne.gov/page/40/?id=30029&method=ical", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Homepage - Ponca Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "ponca", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NE", "name": "Nebraska", "key": "us-ne" } ] }, { "name": "Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Oklahoma", "overview": "Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "ponca-tribe-of-indians-of-oklahoma", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "originalId": 303, "name": "Popoloca", "region": "Mexico / Puebla", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Popoloca is a people and language label in central Mexico, especially Puebla.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Popoloca is a people and language label in central Mexico, especially Puebla.", "sourceIds": [ "p303-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Local self-designations and distinctions from the unrelated Popoluca labels. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p303-s1", "p303-s2", "p303-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p303-s1", "title": "Popoloca – Catálogo Nacional de Pueblos y Comunidades Indígenas y Afromexicanas", "publisher": "catalogo.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://catalogo.inpi.gob.mx/popoloca/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Popoloca – Catálogo Nacional de Pueblos y Comunidades Indígenas y Afromexicanas” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p303-s2", "title": "Monografía. Popolocas", "publisher": "inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inpi.gob.mx/2021/dmdocuments/popolocas.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Monografía. Popolocas” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p303-s3", "title": "Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales", "publisher": "inali.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inali.gob.mx/sitios/clin-inali/html/l_popoloca.html", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 304, 63 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "popoloca", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 304, "name": "Popoluca", "region": "Mexico / Veracruz", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Popoluca is an outside label used for distinct peoples and languages of Veracruz.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Popoluca is an outside label used for distinct peoples and languages of Veracruz.", "sourceIds": [ "p304-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Distinguish Sierra Popoluca, Olutec, Sayultec and Texistepec-related language names. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p304-s1", "p304-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p304-s1", "title": "Endangered Languages Project - Oluta Popoluca - INALI. México. Lenguas indígenas nacionales en riesgo de desaparición. Oluteco.", "publisher": "elcat.colo.hawaii.edu", "url": "https://elcat.colo.hawaii.edu/lang/4977/guide/7920?hl=en", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Endangered Languages Project - Oluta Popoluca - INALI. México. Lenguas indígenas nacionales en riesgo de desaparición. Oluteco.” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p304-s2", "title": "Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales", "publisher": "inali.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inali.gob.mx/sitios/clin-inali/html/l_popoluca_de_la_sierra.html", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 382 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "popoluca", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 305, "name": "Poqomam", "region": "Central America / Guatemala", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Poqomam is a distinct Maya people and language name in Guatemala.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Poqomam is a distinct Maya people and language name in Guatemala.", "sourceIds": [ "p305-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community self-designation, Poqomam language and local histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p305-s1", "p305-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p305-s1", "title": "Idioma_Poqomam – K´ULB´IL YOL TWITZ PAXIL", "publisher": "almg.org.gt", "url": "https://almg.org.gt/idioma_poqomam/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Idioma_Poqomam – K´ULB´IL YOL TWITZ PAXIL” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p305-s2", "title": "ESPAÑOL / POQOMAM", "publisher": "gae.gob.gt", "url": "https://gae.gob.gt/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/13-LAIP-POQOMAM-ESPA%C3%91OL.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “ESPAÑOL / POQOMAM” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 306, 202 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "poqomam", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "GT", "name": "Guatemala", "key": "gt" } ] }, { "originalId": 306, "name": "Poqomchi'", "region": "Central America / Guatemala", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Poqomchi’ is a distinct Maya people and language name in Guatemala.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Poqomchi’ is a distinct Maya people and language name in Guatemala.", "sourceIds": [ "p306-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language institutions, community histories and distinctions from Poqomam. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p306-s1", "p306-s2", "p306-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p306-s1", "title": "Avanzan los trabajos de construcción de la Academia de Lenguas Mayas Poqomchi’ – Municipalidad de Tactic", "publisher": "munitactic.gob.gt", "url": "https://munitactic.gob.gt/avanzan-los-trabajos-de-construccion-de-la-academia-de-lenguas-mayas-poqomchi/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Avanzan los trabajos de construcción de la Academia de Lenguas Mayas Poqomchi’ – Municipalidad de Tactic” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p306-s2", "title": "Idioma_Poqomchi – K´ULB´IL YOL TWITZ PAXIL", "publisher": "almg.org.gt", "url": "https://almg.org.gt/idioma_poqomchi/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Idioma_Poqomchi – K´ULB´IL YOL TWITZ PAXIL” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p306-s3", "title": "PRESENTACIÓN", "publisher": "almg.org.gt", "url": "https://almg.org.gt/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Gramatica-Normativa-idioma-Poqomchi.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “PRESENTACIÓN” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 305, 202 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "poqomchi", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "GT", "name": "Guatemala", "key": "gt" } ] }, { "originalId": 307, "name": "Potawatomi", "region": "Great Lakes / United States / Canada", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Potawatomi people continue through distinct nations and communities. Begin with Pokagon’s own historical account, Forest County’s selected institutional chronology and Citizen Potawatomi Nation’s explanation of the 1861 treaty. These community perspectives describe different paths through homeland continuity, removal pressures and political change.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Potawatomi people continue through multiple distinct nations and communities.", "sourceIds": [ "p307-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Bodéwadmi naming, language, Great Lakes homelands, removal and individual governments. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p307-s1", "p307-s2", "p307-s3" ] }, { "title": "Keep community histories distinct", "text": "The Pokagon account presents its homeland continuity through removal pressure. Forest County’s selected timeline entries add a Wisconsin institutional perspective. These are related Potawatomi histories with different places and periods.", "sourceIds": [ "an14-c2", "an14-c4" ] }, { "title": "Compare the 1861 treaty account", "text": "Citizen Potawatomi Nation’s 2021 article describes different Citizen and Prairie Band choices and attributes an explanation of allotment and citizenship pressures to Kelli Mosteller. The treaty text and actual implementation remain separate reading tasks.", "sourceIds": [ "mg04-cpn-1861" ] }, { "title": "A named Potawatomi writer", "text": "The historical portrait shows Simon Pokagon, identified by the holding museum as a Potawatomi leader and writer. It accompanies this broader reading route as one named person, without representing all communities.", "sourceIds": [ "mg04-simon-pokagon-visual-context" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p307-s1", "title": "160th anniversary of becoming the Citizen Potawatomi - Potawatomi.org", "publisher": "potawatomi.org", "url": "https://www.potawatomi.org/blog/2021/11/15/160th-anniversary-of-becoming-the-citizen-potawatomi/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “160th anniversary of becoming the Citizen Potawatomi - Potawatomi.org” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p307-s2", "title": "CPN celebrates 25th anniversary of name change - Potawatomi.org", "publisher": "potawatomi.org", "url": "https://www.potawatomi.org/blog/2021/02/19/cpn-celebrates-25th-anniversary-of-name-change/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “CPN celebrates 25th anniversary of name change - Potawatomi.org” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p307-s3", "title": "Timeline of Potawatomi History", "publisher": "fcpotawatomi.com", "url": "https://www.fcpotawatomi.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/VBGuide_Vol6_Issue2-LowRes.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Timeline of Potawatomi History” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "mg04-cpn-1861", "title": "160th anniversary of becoming the Citizen Potawatomi - Potawatomi.org", "publisher": "Citizen Potawatomi Nation", "url": "https://www.potawatomi.org/blog/2021/11/15/160th-anniversary-of-becoming-the-citizen-potawatomi/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "The Nation’s 2021 account attributes interpretation to Cultural Heritage Center director Kelli Mosteller and discusses the 1861 treaty, differing Citizen and Prairie Band choices, allotment and citizenship pressures. These are particular historical paths, not all Potawatomi experience.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual full article body, web lines 39–81 read. The underlying treaty and its implementation records were not inspected. Dated population and economic totals are not repeated.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "2021-11-15" }, { "id": "an14-c2", "title": "Our Culture / Neshnabé bmadzëwen — History", "author": "Pokagon Band of Potawatomi; institutional account, no individual byline displayed", "publisher": "Pokagon Band of Potawatomi", "url": "https://www.pokagonband-nsn.gov/our-culture/", "type": "Community-authored cultural and historical account", "topics": [ "Three Fires relationships", "Pokagon history", "Homeland continuity", "Recognition" ], "annotation": "Substantive public history from a particular Potawatomi government. Useful for differences within related peoples and continuity through removal pressures. Legal summaries, casualty estimates and court details are not independently established here. Other ritual and clan sections are outside the selected synthesis.", "publicationDate": "Undated; footer year is not treated as publication date", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Actual History section, web lines 511–522, and introductory culture paragraphs 499–503. Linked videos, archives and other sections not claimed as reviewed works.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "an14-c4", "title": "Timeline of Potawatomi History", "author": "Forest County Potawatomi Community; no individual byline displayed", "publisher": "Forest County Potawatomi Community", "url": "https://www.fcpotawatomi.com/cultural-preservation/timeline-of-potawatomi-history/", "type": "Community-published historical timeline", "topics": [ "Potawatomi institutions", "Public history", "Museums", "Community continuity" ], "annotation": "A substantial community chronology, counted as one work. Selected institutional entries add a Wisconsin perspective rather than a universal Anishinaabe history. Origin dates, treaty totals, population figures and imprecise legal labels are excluded. The timeline's endpoint is not evidence of present operations.", "publicationDate": "Undated; latest displayed timeline entry 2005", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewScope": "Actual full timeline body read, web lines 59–171; synthesis uses 1937 and 1994–2002 institutional entries. A later same-day refetch timed out after successful initial inspection.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "mg04-simon-pokagon-visual-context", "title": "Simon Pokagon Letter: Voice of a Potawatomi Leader — portrait context only", "publisher": "Chicago History Museum", "url": "https://www.chicagohistory.org/simon-pokagon-letter-voice-of-a-potawatomi-leader/", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Portrait identification", "Simon Pokagon" ], "annotation": "Supporting portrait identity and item-specific public-domain designation. The broader article is not added as another substantive history work.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual museum paragraphs75–85 and portrait caption81 inspected for named Potawatomi author and portrait-specific Public domain. Other article images have different credits and were not reused.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "publicationDate": "2024-11-04", "countReason": "Visual identity and rights support only; excluded from starting-guide substantive works." } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 309, 14 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "overviewSourceIds": [ "an14-c2", "an14-c4", "mg04-cpn-1861" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "researchGaps": [ "Broaden direct community histories in Kansas, Oklahoma, Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana and Canada beyond these selected examples.", "Inspect original treaty instruments, implementation records and Indigenous scholarship before expanding legal or removal chronology; dated estimates and current rules are not established here.", "The 2005 endpoint of the Forest County timeline and the 2021 Citizen article do not verify present operations, population or economic outcomes.", "Language-specific naming, diverse migration accounts and additional community voices remain open. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded reading route with inspected content and a specifically explained visual. It does not establish a complete history, separate nation count or community endorsement.", "remainingLimits": [ "Broaden direct community histories in Kansas, Oklahoma, Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana and Canada beyond these selected examples.", "Inspect original treaty instruments, implementation records and Indigenous scholarship before expanding legal or removal chronology; dated estimates and current rules are not established here.", "The 2005 endpoint of the Forest County timeline and the 2021 Citizen article do not verify present operations, population or economic outcomes.", "Language-specific naming, diverse migration accounts and additional community voices remain open. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ] }, "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-04", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "an14-c2", "reason": "Start with Pokagon’s selected community-authored history." }, { "sourceId": "an14-c4", "reason": "Compare the selected Forest County institutional chronology, ending in 2005." }, { "sourceId": "mg04-cpn-1861", "reason": "Read Citizen Potawatomi Nation’s dated explanation of 1861 and its distinct political path." } ], "scopeNote": "A wider Potawatomi reading route with specific community examples, not a single government, interchangeable Band histories or a complete account.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "remainingQuestions": [ "Broaden direct community histories in Kansas, Oklahoma, Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana and Canada beyond these selected examples.", "Inspect original treaty instruments, implementation records and Indigenous scholarship before expanding legal or removal chronology; dated estimates and current rules are not established here.", "The 2005 endpoint of the Forest County timeline and the 2021 Citizen article do not verify present operations, population or economic outcomes.", "Language-specific naming, diverse migration accounts and additional community voices remain open. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "imageRecordId": "potawatomi-simon-pokagon-chicago-history" }, "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "an14-c2", "origin": { "slug": "anishinaabe" }, "originalSourceObjectPreserved": true, "inspectionBasis": "Exact previously inspected source object and original dates/scopes retained. Reuse is not a fresh global work or a full-source rereading." }, { "sourceId": "an14-c4", "origin": { "slug": "anishinaabe" }, "originalSourceObjectPreserved": true, "inspectionBasis": "Exact previously inspected source object and original dates/scopes retained. Reuse is not a fresh global work or a full-source rereading." } ], "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "added": false, "slug": "potawatomi", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-IN", "name": "Indiana", "key": "us-in" }, { "id": "US-MI", "name": "Michigan", "key": "us-mi" }, { "id": "US-WI", "name": "Wisconsin", "key": "us-wi" } ] }, { "originalId": 308, "name": "Powhatan", "region": "Southeast / Virginia", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Powhatan is a historical paramount chiefdom name and a wider identity context connecting distinct Virginia communities.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Powhatan is a historical paramount chiefdom name and a wider identity context connecting distinct Virginia communities.", "sourceIds": [ "p308-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Individual nations, political relationships and community-authored history. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p308-s1", "p308-s2", "p308-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p308-s1", "title": "History", "publisher": "powhatannation.us", "url": "https://powhatannation.us/history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p308-s2", "title": "About Powhatan | Powhatan County, VA - Official Website", "publisher": "powhatanva.gov", "url": "https://www.powhatanva.gov/317/About-Powhatan", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “About Powhatan | Powhatan County, VA - Official Website” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p308-s3", "title": "A POWHATAN PLACE OF POWER", "publisher": "powhatan.wm.edu", "url": "https://powhatan.wm.edu/resources/downloads/DHR_TRAVEL.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “A POWHATAN PLACE OF POWER” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 322, 226 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "powhatan", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-VA", "name": "Virginia", "key": "us-va" } ] }, { "originalId": 309, "name": "Prairie Band Potawatomi", "region": "Great Plains / Kansas", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation is a distinct contemporary Potawatomi government.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation is a distinct contemporary Potawatomi government.", "sourceIds": [ "p309-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Nation-published history, removal, land and language. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p309-s1", "p309-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p309-s1", "title": "Prairie Band Potawatomi Tribal History: Origins, Separation, and Stewardship", "publisher": "pbpntribe.govbuilt.us", "url": "https://pbpntribe.govbuilt.us/tribal-history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Prairie Band Potawatomi Tribal History: Origins, Separation, and Stewardship” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p309-s2", "title": "About - Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation - Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation", "publisher": "pbpindiantribe.com", "url": "https://www.pbpindiantribe.com/about/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “About - Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation - Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 307 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "prairie-band-potawatomi", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-KS", "name": "Kansas", "key": "us-ks" } ] }, { "name": "Prairie Island Indian Community", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Minnesota", "overview": "Prairie Island Indian Community speaks from its own Bdewakantunwan Dakota history. Three public community accounts connect continuity and land with language learning and cultural preservation. They provide an opening to this particular government and its priorities while leaving wider Dakota histories, environmental assessment and current program outcomes for further reading.", "relationshipNote": "MnDOT explicitly places this individual Minnesota government under its Dakota Tribal Nation grouping. It remains a separate government; no automatic equivalence to Santee Dakota or another band is inferred.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Land and continuity", "text": "The Community's historical account describes identity, return and reservation formation, followed by development pressures affecting land and community life. Its concerns are attributed to the Community's narrative. This starting guide does not independently determine legal liability, radiation exposure or present safety. It also omits sensitive cultural-place details and avoids turning historical associations into exact territorial boundaries.", "sourceIds": [ "d95-c3" ] }, { "title": "Language learning in community settings", "text": "The Dakota Language page describes renewal through community programs, public learning and work connected with Red Wing High School. It offers a direct community explanation of educational priorities. Its statement that an app was expected in spring 2023 remains a dated plan: current availability was not verified. Outbound dictionaries, lessons and applications are further leads rather than separately inspected works.", "sourceIds": [ "p95-s10" ] }, { "title": "Cultural preservation and stewardship", "text": "The Community describes its preservation office, repatriation work and public historical-place partnerships as ways of carrying responsibilities forward. Its archaeological statements remain attributed to that account, and sensitive burial details are excluded. Read these materials as a government explaining its own priorities, rather than a complete assessment of every project or a substitute for community permission concerning cultural knowledge.", "sourceIds": [ "p95-s12" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "d95-c3", "title": "Prairie Island Indian Community — Our History", "author": "Prairie Island Indian Community; institutional account without an individual byline", "publisher": "Prairie Island Indian Community", "url": "https://prairieisland.org/who-we-are/our-history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Community government's public historical self-account", "topics": [ "Eastern Dakota", "Prairie Island", "Land and community continuity", "Environmental pressures" ], "publicationDate": "Undated; footer 2026 is not treated as the article date", "annotation": "Prairie Island speaks from its own Bdewakantunwan community history. Development pressures are attributed to the Tribe's account, without independently assessing legal liability, radiation exposure or current safety. No burial details, precise sensitive places or media are reproduced.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete historical body, lines 49–123: identity, Dakota history, reservation formation, development pressures, governmental economy and future generations. Synthesis selects identity, return/land history and attributed development concerns.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p95-s10", "url": "https://prairieisland.org/who-we-are/our-culture/dakota-language", "title": "Dakota Language — Prairie Island Indian Community", "publisher": "Prairie Island Indian Community", "author": "Prairie Island Indian Community; institutional account without an individual byline", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Community government language-program and public-learning account", "topics": [ "Dakota language", "Prairie Island", "language education", "community programs" ], "publicationDate": "Undated; footer 2026 does not date the page body", "annotation": "The Community describes language learning and outreach in its own institutional voice. The page still says an app was expected in spring 2023; its current availability was not verified, so no current app claim is made. Linked dictionaries and lessons were not opened and are not counted.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible body, especially lines 50–76 on language renewal and community programs and lines 115–120 on the Red Wing High School program and public exhibits. Outbound lesson, dictionary and app links were not independently inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p95-s12", "url": "https://prairieisland.org/who-we-are/our-culture/cultural-preservation", "title": "Cultural Preservation — Prairie Island Indian Community", "publisher": "Prairie Island Indian Community", "author": "Prairie Island Indian Community; institutional account without an individual byline", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Community government Tribal Historic Preservation Office and stewardship account", "topics": [ "Prairie Island cultural preservation", "repatriation", "public historic places", "Tribal Historic Preservation Office" ], "publicationDate": "Undated; footer 2026 does not date the historical examples", "annotation": "The Community describes its preservation office, selected repatriation work and public historical-site partnerships. Its archaeological statements are attributed and not independently evaluated in this source review. Details about burials and sensitive cultural places were excluded from synthesis.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible substantive body at lines 51–65, covering preservation priorities, repatriation examples, He Mni Can restoration, the public Grand Meadow Chert Quarry partnership and THPO mission. Burial-specific details, media and linked external materials were not reproduced or counted.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.dot.state.mn.us/mntribes/mntribes.html", "publisher": "Minnesota Department of Transportation", "scope": "Actual Tribal Nations in Minnesota page, lines22–74: eleven individually listed governments, explicitly grouped under seven Ojibwe and four Dakota nations. Separate-sovereign-government wording read; linked sheets and tribal destinations were not content-reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 95 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Broaden local voices and compare land chronology with original records.", "Verify current language-resource access and outcomes before making availability claims.", "Environmental effects and safety require separate appropriate evidence; no community review is recorded." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A compact source-led introduction to this named community; historical breadth, local voices and outcomes remain limited. No comprehensive completion or community endorsement is claimed.", "remainingLimits": [ "Broaden local voices and compare land chronology with original records.", "Verify current language-resource access and outcomes before making availability claims.", "Environmental effects and safety require separate appropriate evidence; no community review is recorded." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "d95-c3", "p95-s10", "p95-s12" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Community-specific starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "d95-c3", "origin": { "originalId": 95, "profile": "Dakota" }, "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "inspectionBasis": "Exact prior source object and review date/scope preserved; no fresh original-source reading is claimed.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "scope": "Actual complete historical body, lines 49–123: identity, Dakota history, reservation formation, development pressures, governmental economy and future generations. Synthesis selects identity, return/land history and attributed development concerns." }, { "sourceId": "p95-s10", "origin": { "originalId": 95, "profile": "Dakota" }, "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "inspectionBasis": "Exact prior source object and review date/scope preserved; no fresh original-source reading is claimed.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "scope": "Read the complete visible body, especially lines 50–76 on language renewal and community programs and lines 115–120 on the Red Wing High School program and public exhibits. Outbound lesson, dictionary and app links were not independently inspected." }, { "sourceId": "p95-s12", "origin": { "originalId": 95, "profile": "Dakota" }, "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "inspectionBasis": "Exact prior source object and review date/scope preserved; no fresh original-source reading is claimed.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "scope": "Read the complete visible substantive body at lines 51–65, covering preservation priorities, repatriation examples, He Mni Can restoration, the public Grand Meadow Chert Quarry partnership and THPO mission. Burial-specific details, media and linked external materials were not reproduced or counted." } ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-02", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "d95-c3", "reason": "Start with the Community's own historical perspective." }, { "sourceId": "p95-s10", "reason": "See language learning described through local institutions and outreach." }, { "sourceId": "p95-s12", "reason": "Connect cultural preservation with the Community's public stewardship priorities." } ], "scopeNote": "Named government/community route; wider Dakota or Ojibwe reading profiles remain related context rather than interchangeable identities.", "reviewBasis": "Reused actual-content source records, preserving original review dates and selected-content limits. Image review is separate.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Broaden local voices and compare land chronology with original records.", "Verify current language-resource access and outcomes before making availability claims.", "Environmental effects and safety require separate appropriate evidence; no community review is recorded." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "imageRecordId": "prairie-island-wacipi-shaull-2017" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "A community-specific starting guide reuses selected earlier actual-content reviews with their original dates/scopes. It does not add new global works merely because a URL appears on this route. Picture identification/rights are separate from historical adequacy or community endorsement." ], "slug": "prairie-island-indian-community", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MN", "name": "Minnesota", "key": "us-mn" } ] }, { "originalId": 310, "name": "Pueblo", "region": "Southwest / New Mexico / Arizona", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Pueblo is a broad grouping of distinct peoples, languages and nations, rather than one tribe.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Pueblo is a broad grouping of distinct peoples, languages and nations, rather than one tribe.", "sourceIds": [ "p310-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Individual Pueblo sources, linguistic diversity and specific political communities. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p310-s1", "p310-s2", "p310-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p310-s1", "title": "FAQs · Indian Pueblo Cultural Center", "url": "https://indianpueblo.org/faqs/", "publisher": "indianpueblo.org", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p310-s2", "title": "HISTORY | Pueblo of Tesuque", "publisher": "tesuquepueblo.org", "url": "https://www.tesuquepueblo.org/history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “HISTORY | Pueblo of Tesuque” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p310-s3", "title": "Laguna Church | Pueblo of Laguna", "publisher": "lagunapueblo-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.lagunapueblo-nsn.gov/history/missions/laguna-church/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Laguna Church | Pueblo of Laguna” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 4, 80, 131, 145, 150, 164, 179, 236, 264, 285, 292, 299, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 373, 380, 452, 454 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "pueblo", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] }, { "originalId": 311, "name": "Purépecha", "region": "Mexico / Michoacán", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Purépecha people have homelands in western Mexico, especially Michoacán.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Purépecha people have homelands in western Mexico, especially Michoacán.", "sourceIds": [ "p311-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: P’urhépecha naming, language, community institutions and regional history. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p311-s1", "p311-s2", "p311-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p311-s1", "title": "P'urhépechas - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/purhepecha-etnografia/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “P'urhépechas - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p311-s2", "title": "¿A qué nos referimos cuando hablamos de la región purépecha? | Antropología. Revista interdisciplinaria del INAH", "publisher": "revistas.inah.gob.mx", "url": "https://revistas.inah.gob.mx/index.php/antropologia/article/view/17604", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “¿A qué nos referimos cuando hablamos de la región purépecha? | Antropología. Revista interdisciplinaria del INAH” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p311-s3", "title": "P'urhépechas – Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/purhepechas-lengua/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “P'urhépechas – Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "purepecha", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 312, "name": "Puyallup", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Washington", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Puyallup Tribe has homelands in the southern Puget Sound region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Puyallup Tribe has homelands in the southern Puget Sound region.", "sourceIds": [ "p312-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-authored history, Lushootseed, treaty histories and contemporary government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p312-s1", "p312-s2", "p312-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p312-s1", "title": "Language Program - syayusadiʔ ʔə txʷəlšucid | Puyallup Tribe", "publisher": "puyalluptribe-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.puyalluptribe-nsn.gov/about-our-tribe/language-program/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Language Program - syayusadiʔ ʔə txʷəlšucid | Puyallup Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p312-s2", "title": "Puyallup Tribal Language - Culture", "publisher": "puyalluptriballanguage.org", "url": "https://www.puyalluptriballanguage.org/about/index.php", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Puyallup Tribal Language - Culture” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p312-s3", "title": "LEARN MORE ABOUT THE PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS", "publisher": "puyalluptribe-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.puyalluptribe-nsn.gov/wp-content/uploads/Puyallup-Heritage-Resources-2021.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “LEARN MORE ABOUT THE PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "puyallup", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "name": "Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of the Pyramid Lake Reservation, Nevada", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Nevada", "overview": "Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of the Pyramid Lake Reservation, Nevada has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "pyramid-lake-paiute-tribe-of-the-pyramid-lake-reservation-nevada", "regionGroups": [ "Great Basin" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NV", "name": "Nevada", "key": "us-nv" } ] }, { "originalId": 313, "name": "Q'anjob'al", "region": "Guatemala / Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Q’anjob’al is a distinct Maya people and language name with communities in Guatemala and Mexico.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Q’anjob’al is a distinct Maya people and language name with communities in Guatemala and Mexico.", "sourceIds": [ "p313-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Naming, language institutions, local histories and migration. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p313-s1", "p313-s2", "p313-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p313-s1", "title": "Lengua Q'anjob'al-2025", "publisher": "inali.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inali.gob.mx/detalle/lengua-qanjobal", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Lengua Q'anjob'al-2025” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p313-s2", "title": "ESPAÑOL / QANJOBAL", "publisher": "sip.marn.gob.gt", "url": "https://sip.marn.gob.gt/ley/laipqanjobal.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “ESPAÑOL / QANJOBAL” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p313-s3", "title": "Q’anjob’al – Catálogo Nacional de Pueblos y Comunidades Indígenas y Afromexicanas", "publisher": "catalogo.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://catalogo.inpi.gob.mx/qanjobal/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Q’anjob’al – Catálogo Nacional de Pueblos y Comunidades Indígenas y Afromexicanas” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 202 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "qanjobal", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico", "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 314, "name": "Q'eqchi'", "region": "Central America / Guatemala / Belize", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Q’eqchi’ people have communities across Guatemala, Belize and neighboring regions.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Q’eqchi’ people have communities across Guatemala, Belize and neighboring regions.", "sourceIds": [ "p314-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language, community histories, migration and territorial relationships. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p314-s1", "p314-s2", "p314-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p314-s1", "title": "Idioma Q'eqchi' - SIC", "publisher": "sicultura.gob.gt", "url": "https://www.sicultura.gob.gt/directory-directorio_c/listing/idioma-qeqchi/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Idioma Q'eqchi' - SIC” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p314-s2", "title": "Lengua Q'eqchi'-2025", "publisher": "inali.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inali.gob.mx/detalle/lengua-qeqchi", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Lengua Q'eqchi'-2025” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p314-s3", "title": "Q'eqchi' : Lenguas indígenas México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura", "publisher": "sic.cultura.gob.mx", "url": "https://sic.cultura.gob.mx/ficha.php?table=inali_li&table_id=65", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Q'eqchi' : Lenguas indígenas México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 202 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "qeqchi", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "BZ", "name": "Belize", "key": "bz" }, { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "Quahadi", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Historical Comanche band / division name", "region": "Texas; New Mexico", "overview": "Quahadi, also written Quahada in the selected historical account, is a Comanche band/division reading route. The Texas report situates its history in the Llano Estacado while emphasizing the wider fluidity of Comanche band organization. Hosmer’s Quanah Parker biography follows one leader from resistance on the plains into later reservation-era work. These are starting readings about a particular historical community and individual, not a claim that one leader represented every Comanche group or that all families shared one experience.", "relationshipNote": "The December 2021 report identifies this name within historical Comanche band/division organization. This is a historical name-only access route linked to the broader Comanche collection, not a newly established separate people, present-day government, citizenship category or exclusive descendant group. The report describes band formation and political organization as fluid. Printed spellings in the inspected December 2021 synthesis, attributed there to CLCPC 2010. They are not independently verified community-preferred present orthography; no translations or pronunciation claims are adopted.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "A particular historical route on the plains", "text": "The consulted report identifies Quahadi within Comanche band history and associates the name with the Llano Estacado. Its discussion of changing local bands and divisions helps readers keep a historical regional label separate from a precise boundary or present governmental jurisdiction.", "sourceIds": [ "p83-txdot2021" ] }, { "title": "One leader across changing institutions", "text": "Hosmer’s account describes Quanah’s leadership among the Quahadas and his later involvement in ranching, leases and other institutions under reservation conditions. Those choices should be read as a particular leader’s responses to pressure, rather than proof of unanimous consent or a complete account of family and community priorities.", "sourceIds": [ "c5-quahadi-quanah" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p83-txdot2021", "title": "TxDOT Tribal Histories: Comanche Nation Research Report — selected pages", "url": "https://ftp.txdot.gov/pub/txdot-info/env/toolkit/415-03-rpt.pdf", "publisher": "Texas Department of Transportation", "type": "Government / community-consulted research", "topics": [ "Texas", "History", "Bands", "Displacement" ], "annotation": "A chronological Texas synthesis prepared with the Nation’s historic-preservation office. Selected text supports a regional starting guide; its sources, dates and interpretations still need comparison.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Downloaded actual72-page PDF and read selected text: printed/PDFpp3,6–10,35–36,50–54. Map images and cited originals were not inspected; no sensitive-site locations or ceremonial instructions are reproduced.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessStatus": "Public text inspected", "language": "en", "publicationDate": "2021-12", "citation": "Texas Department of Transportation. 2021. TxDOT Tribal Histories: Comanche Nation Research Report. December. Selected pages.", "accessNotes": "Browser fetch timed out; official file downloaded successfully and selected pages extracted with pypdf. Review is textual, not visual inspection of illustrations. Internal chronology includes Texas annexation as1846 onp36 and a March1882 visit after1891 onp54; these dates are not adopted. Evaluative claims about individual leaders and reported historical counts remain outside this synthesis. Consultation does not make every statement independently verified.", "perspective": "Agency synthesis with documented Comanche THPO consultation; underlying works not independently inspected.", "countReason": "One substantial directly relevant report, selected pages read; alternate host and archive editions would be the same work." }, { "id": "c5-quahadi-quanah", "title": "Quanah Parker — selected Quahadi leadership and reservation-era account", "publisher": "Texas State Historical Association / Handbook of Texas Online; Brian C. Hosmer", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/parker-quanah", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Historical bands", "Texas", "History" ], "annotation": "A biographical introduction to Quanah’s Quahadi leadership and later economic and institutional work. The guide keeps disputed early biography and sweeping judgments apart from its selected historical orientation. One leader’s life is not the complete history of Quahadi families or all Comanche governments.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual full main body and bibliography read, web lines6–34. Synthesis uses Quahadi leadership and reservation-era ranching/institutional passages11–23. Contested birth and early family chronology, numerical casualty/wealth claims, religious details and burial information are not repeated; original family accounts and cited books remain unreviewed.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessNotes": "Public HTML main body inspected. Bibliography points to further works; those underlying publications and original records were not read here." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://ftp.txdot.gov/pub/txdot-info/env/toolkit/415-03-rpt.pdf", "title": "TxDOT Tribal Histories: Comanche Nation Research Report", "publisher": "Texas Department of Transportation", "sourceDate": "December 2021", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "scope": "Actual PDF printed and physical pages 10: The report names Quahadi as the fifth band in this historical summary, prints Quahada and Kwaharv, and explicitly connects its Llano Estacado account to eastern New Mexico and the Texas Panhandle. Historical name/relationship check only; no present-government or present-membership claim.", "selectedPages": [ 10 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 9 ], "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [ "Quahada", "Kwaharv" ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 83 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "comanche" ], "researchGaps": [ "Seek band-specific community-authored histories and further Indigenous scholarship; the current path relies partly on outside historical synthesis.", "Read underlying manuscripts, negotiations, oral-history publications and later community histories before expanding the chronology.", "Historical band labels do not establish a separate present government, exact territory, citizenship or individual descent. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded historical-band starting path from two actual-content works, with attributed perspectives and explicit limits; further community-directed research remains open.", "remainingLimits": [ "Seek band-specific community-authored histories and further Indigenous scholarship; the current path relies partly on outside historical synthesis.", "Read underlying manuscripts, negotiations, oral-history publications and later community histories before expanding the chronology.", "Historical band labels do not establish a separate present government, exact territory, citizenship or individual descent. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p83-txdot2021", "c5-quahadi-quanah" ], "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "startingGuide": { "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p83-txdot2021", "reason": "Begin with the selected band-organization discussion and its limits on fixed labels." }, { "sourceId": "c5-quahadi-quanah", "reason": "Continue to the specifically attributed historical episode or leader account; underlying original records remain further reading." } ], "remainingQuestions": [ "Seek band-specific community-authored histories and further Indigenous scholarship; the current path relies partly on outside historical synthesis.", "Read underlying manuscripts, negotiations, oral-history publications and later community histories before expanding the chronology.", "Historical band labels do not establish a separate present government, exact territory, citizenship or individual descent. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "scopeNote": "Historical Comanche band/division route; not automatically a separate present government or an exhaustive community history.", "batchId": "starter-guides-05", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "researchComplete": false, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "imageRecordId": "quahadi-quanah-parker-albumen-portrait-c1890" }, "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "p83-txdot2021", "sourceProfile": "comanche", "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "originalContentReviewScope": "Downloaded actual72-page PDF and read selected text: printed/PDFpp3,6–10,35–36,50–54. Map images and cited originals were not inspected; no sensitive-site locations or ceremonial instructions are reproduced.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "inspectionBasis": "Exact earlier actual-content source object reused with original date and scope. Selected band-structure pages9–10 reread locally; this does not create another globally new work." } ], "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "quahadi", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" }, { "id": "US-TX", "name": "Texas", "key": "us-tx" } ] }, { "originalId": 315, "name": "Quapaw", "region": "Great Plains / Arkansas / Oklahoma", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Quapaw people have ancestral homelands in the Mississippi Valley and a contemporary nation in Oklahoma.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Quapaw people have ancestral homelands in the Mississippi Valley and a contemporary nation in Oklahoma.", "sourceIds": [ "p315-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Ogáxpa naming, language, removal and nation-published history. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p315-s1", "p315-s2", "p315-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p315-s1", "title": "Culture | Quapaw Tribe, OK - Official Website", "publisher": "quapawtribe.com", "url": "https://www.quapawtribe.com/31/Culture?mobile=ON&nid=31", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Culture | Quapaw Tribe, OK - Official Website” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p315-s2", "title": "Quapaw Nation Culture Division", "publisher": "quapawtribe.com", "url": "https://www.quapawtribe.com/DocumentCenter/View/12960/Quapaw-Nation---Everett-Bandy---Executive-Director-of-Culture---June-2026?bidId=", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Quapaw Nation Culture Division” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p315-s3", "title": "Quapaw Nation Culture Division", "publisher": "quapawnation.com", "url": "https://www.quapawnation.com/DocumentCenter/View/12960/Quapaw-Nation---Everett-Bandy---Executive-Director-of-Culture---May-16-2026-Report", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Quapaw Nation Culture Division” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 267, 272 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "quapaw", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "originalId": 316, "name": "Quechan", "region": "Southwest / Colorado River", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Quechan Indian Tribe has homelands along the lower Colorado River. Yuma is an outside historical name also listed separately.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Quechan Indian Tribe has homelands along the lower Colorado River. Yuma is an outside historical name also listed separately.", "sourceIds": [ "p316-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Quechan-authored history, language, river relationships and naming. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p316-s1", "p316-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p316-s1", "title": "Fort Yuma Quechan Indian Tribe", "publisher": "quechantribe.com", "url": "https://www.quechantribe.com/index.html/1000", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Fort Yuma Quechan Indian Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p316-s2", "title": "Fort Yuma Quechan Indian Tribe", "publisher": "quechantribe.com", "url": "https://www.quechantribe.com/index.html", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Fort Yuma Quechan Indian Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 448 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "quechan", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AZ", "name": "Arizona", "key": "us-az" } ] }, { "originalId": 317, "name": "Quileute", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Washington", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Quileute Tribe has homelands on the Olympic Peninsula’s Pacific coast.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Quileute Tribe has homelands on the Olympic Peninsula’s Pacific coast.", "sourceIds": [ "p317-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Quileute-authored history, language, maritime relationships and contemporary institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p317-s1", "p317-s2", "p317-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p317-s1", "title": "History | Quileute Tribe", "publisher": "quileutetribe.com", "url": "https://quileutetribe.com/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History | Quileute Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p317-s2", "title": "Stories and Tales | Quileute Tribe", "publisher": "quileutetribe.com", "url": "https://quileutetribe.com/stories-and-tales/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Stories and Tales | Quileute Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p317-s3", "title": "SECTION THREE Community Description", "publisher": "quileutenation.org", "url": "https://quileutenation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Quileute_Tribe_Hazard_Mitigation_Plan_of_2015.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “SECTION THREE Community Description” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "quileute", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "originalId": 318, "name": "Quinault", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Washington", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Quinault Indian Nation has homelands on the Pacific coast of Washington and includes distinct community histories.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Quinault Indian Nation has homelands on the Pacific coast of Washington and includes distinct community histories.", "sourceIds": [ "p318-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Nation-published history, language, land and government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p318-s1", "p318-s2", "p318-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p318-s1", "title": "Quinault Indian Nation, WA | Official Website", "publisher": "quinaultindiannation.com", "url": "https://www.quinaultindiannation.com/?nid=1", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Quinault Indian Nation, WA | Official Website” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p318-s2", "title": "Gary S. Morishima, Quinault Management Center, Quinault Indian Nation - Indigenous Knowledge and Traditional Ecological Knowledge (U.S. National Park Service)", "publisher": "nps.gov", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/subjects/tek/gary-s-morishima-quinault-management-center-quinault-indian-nation.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Gary S. Morishima, Quinault Management Center, Quinault Indian Nation - Indigenous Knowledge and Traditional Ecological Knowledge (U.S. National Park Service)” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p318-s3", "title": "QUINAULT INDIAN NATION DISASTER DECLARATION HISTORY", "publisher": "quinaultindiannation.com", "url": "https://www.quinaultindiannation.com/DocumentCenter/View/1507/Quinault-Indian-Nation-Disaster-Declaration-History-1957-to-2022-PDF", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “QUINAULT INDIAN NATION DISASTER DECLARATION HISTORY” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "quinault", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "originalId": 319, "name": "Quiripi", "region": "Northeast / Connecticut", "kind": "Historical people / name", "overview": "Quiripi is a historical language and community-related label in southern New England.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Quiripi is a historical language and community-related label in southern New England.", "sourceIds": [ "p319-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Linguistic documentation, distinct communities and the limits of colonial naming. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p319-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p319-s1", "title": "Quiripi Language and the Paugussett/Poospatuck Tribes (Quinnipiac, Unkechaug, Wampano, Naugatuck, Mattabesic)", "publisher": "native-languages.org", "url": "https://www.native-languages.org/quiripi.htm", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Quiripi Language and the Paugussett/Poospatuck Tribes (Quinnipiac, Unkechaug, Wampano, Naugatuck, Mattabesic)” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 295 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "quiripi", "regionGroups": [ "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CT", "name": "Connecticut", "key": "us-ct" } ] }, { "originalId": 321, "name": "Rama", "region": "Central America / Nicaragua", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Rama people have communities on Nicaragua’s Caribbean coast.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Rama people have communities on Nicaragua’s Caribbean coast.", "sourceIds": [ "p321-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Rama language, territorial histories and community institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p321-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p321-s1", "title": "Revitalización lingüística de la lengua Rama en la Costa Caribe de Nicaragua | Revista Universitaria del Caribe", "url": "https://revistas.uraccan.edu.ni/index.php/Caribe/article/view/1165", "publisher": "revistas.uraccan.edu.ni", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "rama", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "NI", "name": "Nicaragua", "key": "ni" } ] }, { "originalId": 320, "name": "Ramaytush", "region": "California / San Francisco Peninsula", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Ramaytush is associated with Indigenous people and language histories of the San Francisco Peninsula.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Ramaytush is associated with Indigenous people and language histories of the San Francisco Peninsula.", "sourceIds": [ "p320-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Ramaytush Ohlone perspectives, local homelands and continuing community identity. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p320-s1", "p320-s2", "p320-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p320-s1", "title": "History - Ramaytush Tribe", "publisher": "ramaytushtribe.org", "url": "https://www.ramaytushtribe.org/history.html", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History - Ramaytush Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p320-s2", "title": "History - Association of Ramaytush Ohlone", "publisher": "ramaytush.org", "url": "https://www.ramaytush.org/history.html", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History - Association of Ramaytush Ohlone” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p320-s3", "title": "Ancestry - Ramaytush Tribe", "publisher": "ramaytushtribe.org", "url": "https://www.ramaytushtribe.org/ancestry.html", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Ancestry - Ramaytush Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 263 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "ramaytush", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 322, "name": "Rappahannock", "region": "Southeast / Virginia", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Rappahannock Tribe has enduring relationships with the river region bearing its name in Virginia.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Rappahannock Tribe has enduring relationships with the river region bearing its name in Virginia.", "sourceIds": [ "p322-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Tribe-published history, land and contemporary community life. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p322-s1", "p322-s2", "p322-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p322-s1", "title": "Tribal History – Rappahannock Indian Tribe", "publisher": "rappahannocktribe.org", "url": "https://www.rappahannocktribe.org/tribal-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Tribal History – Rappahannock Indian Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p322-s2", "title": "Rappahannock Tribe Consultation Policy – Rappahannock Indian Tribe", "publisher": "rappahannocktribe.org", "url": "https://www.rappahannocktribe.org/consultationpolicy/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Rappahannock Tribe Consultation Policy – Rappahannock Indian Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p322-s3", "title": "Defining the Rappahannock Indigenous Cultural Landscape", "publisher": "nps.gov", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/cajo/learn/upload/ICL-Rappahannock-508.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Defining the Rappahannock Indigenous Cultural Landscape” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "rappahannock", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-VA", "name": "Virginia", "key": "us-va" } ] }, { "originalId": 323, "name": "Rarámuri (Tarahumara)", "region": "Mexico / Chihuahua", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Rarámuri is a people’s name used alongside Tarahumara in the Sierra Madre region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Rarámuri is a people’s name used alongside Tarahumara in the Sierra Madre region.", "sourceIds": [ "p323-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Local language varieties, community histories, land and contemporary perspectives. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p323-s1", "p323-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p323-s1", "title": "Tarahumaras - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/tarahumaras-etnografia/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Tarahumaras - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p323-s2", "title": "Etnografía de la praxis religiosa de los rarámuri (tarahumaras) en el Alto Río Conchos | Expedicionario, Revista de Estudios en Antropología", "publisher": "revistas.inah.gob.mx", "url": "https://revistas.inah.gob.mx/index.php/expedicionario/article/view/24683", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Etnografía de la praxis religiosa de los rarámuri (tarahumaras) en el Alto Río Conchos | Expedicionario, Revista de Estudios en Antropología” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "raramuri-tarahumara", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Wisconsin, United States — current government listing", "overview": "Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa is a distinct Ojibwe government associated with the northern Bayfield Peninsula and Lake Superior. Its public history relates Red Cliff to the La Pointe Band and emphasizes leaders' resistance to removal, including Chief Buffalo's delegation to Washington. The account treats the 1854 treaty and continued residence in the homeland as central to Red Cliff's political story. Read it as the Band's historical interpretation; some broad terminology and sweeping claims on the page need independent checking. A second path follows the government's Ojibwemowin program. Its public description brings history into present institutional work through language activities for children and adults, a community language plan, and training intended to develop speakers and teachers. These are program descriptions, rather than evidence of their outcomes or guarantees of present enrollment. The photograph documents food supplied in a USDA record explicitly connected to Red Cliff's distribution project and tribally operated Mino Bimaadiziiwin Farm. It illustrates a particular community program, not the food practices of all Ojibwe people.", "relationshipNote": "The state roster identifies this named Tribal Nation separately. It does not establish the full history or relationships of every broader reading label.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "A homeland history from Red Cliff", "text": "The Band links its roots in the La Pointe Band to resistance against removal and the work of Chief Buffalo and other leaders. The narrative foregrounds remaining at home, while inviting further comparison with treaty texts and historical scholarship.", "sourceIds": [ "c4-rc-history" ] }, { "title": "Language as institutional work", "text": "Red Cliff describes learning opportunities for children and adults, a comprehensive community language plan and a program for developing speakers and teachers. These descriptions provide a route into the Band's language work without treating participation or outcomes as verified.", "sourceIds": [ "c4-rc-language" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c4-rc-history", "title": "Miskwaabikaang History", "publisher": "Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "url": "https://www.redcliff-nsn.gov/community/heritage_and_culture/miskwaabekong_history.php", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community history", "Removal resistance", "Homeland" ], "annotation": "The Band's public historical narrative centers homeland and resistance to removal. Its inclusion of Chipewyan among Ojibwe labels and broad superlatives are not adopted; detailed chronology needs corroboration.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual main body lines 184–222 read, especially La Pointe relationship and Chief Buffalo narrative at 190–212. Religious specifics, superlatives, employment figures and universal legal conclusions excluded.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessLimits": "Public HTML selected body read; linked resources not read unless separately listed." }, { "id": "c4-rc-language", "title": "Ojibwemowin — Ojibwemowin in Red Cliff", "publisher": "Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa", "url": "https://www.redcliff-nsn.gov/ojibwemowin/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language revitalization", "Education", "Community institutions" ], "annotation": "A public account of Red Cliff's language activities, language plan and teacher-development work. Speaker counts and the page's broad dialect taxonomy are excluded; linked books and plan were not read.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual selected language-program body lines 184–187 and resource introduction 209–224 read. Individual trainee identities, phrase archive, linked curriculum and program outcomes not assessed.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessLimits": "Public HTML selected body read; linked resources not read unless separately listed." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://dcf.wisconsin.gov/tribalaffairs/tribalinformation", "publisher": "Wisconsin Department of Children and Families", "title": "Tribal Information — Federally Recognized Tribes in Wisconsin", "scope": "Named in the complete eleven-government list; identity/name check only.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "chippewa" ], "researchGaps": [ "Compare the Band narrative with treaty texts and community-focused historical scholarship; correct broad naming and chronology issues before expansion.", "Read the language plan itself and assess access, continuity and outcomes with suitable evidence.", "Review community accounts beyond institutional pages; the guide is not community endorsement." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded collection of actual selected source bodies supports a useful starting guide for this named government. It remains incomplete and does not imply community endorsement.", "remainingLimits": [ "Compare the Band narrative with treaty texts and community-focused historical scholarship; correct broad naming and chronology issues before expansion.", "Read the language plan itself and assess access, continuity and outcomes with suitable evidence.", "Review community accounts beyond institutional pages; the guide is not community endorsement." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "c4-rc-history", "c4-rc-language" ], "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-04", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c4-rc-history", "reason": "The Band's public historical narrative centers homeland and resistance to removal. Its inclusion of Chipewyan among Ojibwe labels and broad superlatives are not adopted; detailed chronology needs corroboration." }, { "sourceId": "c4-rc-language", "reason": "A public account of Red Cliff's language activities, language plan and teacher-development work. Speaker counts and the page's broad dialect taxonomy are excluded; linked books and plan were not read." } ], "scopeNote": "Exact named government; broader Ojibwe or Potawatomi histories and related governments remain distinct.", "reviewBasis": "Actual selected bodies read; baseline identification evidence and supporting photograph context are retained separately and do not count as substantive reading.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Compare the Band narrative with treaty texts and community-focused historical scholarship; correct broad naming and chronology issues before expansion.", "Read the language plan itself and assess access, continuity and outcomes with suitable evidence.", "Review community accounts beyond institutional pages; the guide is not community endorsement." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "imageRecordId": "red-cliff-fdpir-usda-2023" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "red-cliff-band-of-lake-superior-chippewa", "regionGroups": [ "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WI", "name": "Wisconsin", "key": "us-wi" } ] }, { "name": "Red Lake Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Minnesota", "overview": "Red Lake Nation has a distinct governmental history among Minnesota’s Ojibwe communities. Its official public timeline is a starting point for reading the Nation’s account of northern Minnesota history, land cessions, resistance to allotment and constitutional change. This profile treats that account as Red Lake’s own perspective and preserves its separate political path from the six-band Minnesota Chippewa Tribe.", "relationshipNote": "MnDOT explicitly places this individual Minnesota government under its Ojibwe Tribal Nation grouping. It remains a separate government; the broader Ojibwe directory route is related reading, not a substitute identity.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Land cessions and resistance to allotment", "text": "The Nation’s timeline describes Ojibwe movement into northern Minnesota, encounters with Dakota communities and the growth of Red Lake communities. It identifies the 1863 Treaty of Old Crossing with the Pembina Band and later land cessions under settler pressure. Its account emphasizes resistance to dividing the central reservation into individual allotments and the retention of tribal land control. Treaty texts, land agreements and title records remain separate reading tasks. The timeline’s legal terminology, acreages and descriptions of other peoples require comparison before being adopted as an independent regional land history.", "sourceIds": [ "p265-s7" ] }, { "title": "A separate path of government", "text": "The timeline explains Red Lake leaders’ decision to retain their own political organization rather than join the six other Minnesota Chippewa Bands in the 1930s. It then describes constitutional change in the 1950s, the first tribal election in 1959 and later development of infrastructure, schooling and economic institutions. This concise sequence introduces Red Lake’s own account of governmental continuity and change. It remains an undated overview, with a linked historical-photo video that was not played. The 2023 water-tower photograph is a separate, modern infrastructure view and supplies no evidence for the timeline’s historical claims.", "sourceIds": [ "p265-s7" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p265-s7", "title": "Tribal History & Historical Photos — Red Lake Nation", "author": "Red Lake Nation", "publisher": "Red Lake Nation", "url": "https://www.redlakenation.org/tribal-history-historical-photos/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Tribal government public history timeline and linked photo resource", "topics": [ "Red Lake Nation", "Treaties", "Allotment", "Government continuity", "Minnesota Ojibwe" ], "publicationDate": "Undated timeline; current website footer not treated as publication date", "annotation": "Red Lake Nation’s own timeline describes Ojibwe community history in northern Minnesota, the Old Crossing treaty, allotment policy and Red Lake’s decision to retain a separate political path rather than join the six-band Minnesota Chippewa Tribe. Its chronology and historical characterizations are attributed to the Nation; individual claims need comparison with treaties and archival scholarship.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the page’s full visible 17th- through 20th-century timeline (lines 33–73). The embedded Red Lake Historical Photos video was not played; it is not counted as inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.dot.state.mn.us/mntribes/mntribes.html", "publisher": "Minnesota Department of Transportation", "scope": "Actual Tribal Nations in Minnesota page, lines22–74: eleven individually listed governments, explicitly grouped under seven Ojibwe and four Dakota nations. Separate-sovereign-government wording read; linked sheets and tribal destinations were not content-reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 265 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Read primary treaty and land-agreement texts and compare the timeline’s allotment terminology, chronology and acreage claims.", "Add constitutional documents and a dated contemporary government publication.", "Add public Red Lake language resources and named community historical voices; the linked historical-photo video was not reviewed." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Adequate initial introduction", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "Useful within the disclosed source and image scopes as a starting profile; no fixed source minimum or comprehensive completion claim.", "remainingLimits": [ "Read primary treaty and land-agreement texts and compare the timeline’s allotment terminology, chronology and acreage claims.", "Add constitutional documents and a dated contemporary government publication.", "Add public Red Lake language resources and named community historical voices; the linked historical-photo video was not reviewed." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p265-s7" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Community-specific starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "p265-s7", "copiedFromOriginalId": 265, "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "originalContentReviewScope": "Read the page’s full visible 17th- through 20th-century timeline (lines 33–73). The embedded Red Lake Historical Photos video was not played; it is not counted as inspected.", "sourceObjectUnmodified": true, "newOriginalSourceReviewCount": 0, "accessNote": "Public web page or PDF at the recorded original review; existing review/access dates are retained. This package does not claim a fresh full-source access audit.", "perspective": "Indigenous-led", "limits": "Read the page’s full visible 17th- through 20th-century timeline (lines 33–73). The embedded Red Lake Historical Photos video was not played; it is not counted as inspected." } ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-02", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p265-s7", "reason": "Start with the Nation’s visible historical timeline, keeping its land and government accounts attributed; the embedded photo video is unreviewed." } ], "scopeNote": "A community-specific starting profile assembled from selected actual-content sources, retaining their earlier inspection dates and exact scopes. The wider Ojibwe profile is related reading, not a substitute government or a claim of equal coverage.", "reviewRationale": "A few useful community-specific publications provide a bounded point of entry while the explicit remaining questions stay open.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Read primary treaty and land-agreement texts and compare the timeline’s allotment terminology, chronology and acreage claims.", "Add constitutional documents and a dated contemporary government publication.", "Add public Red Lake language resources and named community historical voices; the linked historical-photo video was not reviewed." ], "imageRecordId": "red-lake-water-tower", "reviewBasis": "Source selection and synthesis checked against existing actual-content source records and retained research notes. Only the listed records are reused. New photograph identification, item rights and complete delivered image frames were inspected on 2026-10-27. No fresh full-source review or exhaustive completion is claimed.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false }, "evidenceNotes": [ "A community-specific starting guide reuses selected earlier actual-content reviews with their original dates/scopes. It does not add new global works merely because a URL appears on this route. Picture identification/rights are separate from historical adequacy or community endorsement." ], "slug": "red-lake-nation", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MN", "name": "Minnesota", "key": "us-mn" } ] }, { "name": "Red Rock Indian Band", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — listing address only", "overview": "Red Rock Indian Band’s public history connects earlier settlements around Lake Nipigon with the community at Lake Helen. Selected sources introduce that history and a dated food-sovereignty partnership focused on shared harvesting spaces and gardening.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. This is an organizational relationship; membership alone does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, citizenship, jurisdiction or representation of another named community.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Earlier settlements and reserve formation", "text": "The Band’s Early History account identifies earlier places of residence around Lake Nipigon, including Jackfish Island, Gull Bay and McIntyre Bay. It follows administrative steps in establishing a reserve land base between1885 and1914. These dates belong to a later community-published historical synthesis; they do not mean the people’s history began with reserve administration. The cited surveys and administrative records remain further research tasks.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-redrock-history" ] }, { "title": "Food and shared community spaces", "text": "The Understanding Our Food Systems case study describes Red Rock’s work on a community moose-hanging structure, plans for an adjacent butcher shop and a garden first grown in2019. It explains how the partnership connected shared infrastructure with harvesting, learning and participation by members living on and away from reserve. The account includes plans for2020, so proposed buildings, tourism and economic opportunities should not be described as completed results.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-redrock-foodsystems" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p6-redrock-history", "title": "Early History", "publisher": "Red Rock Indian Band", "url": "https://rrib.ca/about-us/early-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community history", "Historical records" ], "annotation": "Read the entire short historical account. Identifies earlier communities around Lake Nipigon and dates reserve formation through1885–1914. An undated Band-published synthesis; underlying administrative records were not separately inspected. Current population assertions and burial-site details are not imported. Read the history alongside contemporary community accounts.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Read the entire short historical account. Identifies earlier communities around Lake Nipigon and dates reserve formation through1885–1914. An undated Band-published synthesis; underlying administrative records were not separately inspected. Current population assertions and burial-site details are not imported. Read the history alongside contemporary community accounts.", "accessNotes": "Substantial actual public article body read through the web reader; this is not an inspection of linked publications, photographs or underlying records. No login or reader paywall was encountered for the inspected text." }, { "id": "p6-redrock-foodsystems", "title": "Red Rock Indian Band: Food Sovereignty Visions", "publisher": "Understanding Our Food Systems / Indigenous Food Circle, Lakehead University and Thunder Bay District Health Unit", "url": "https://www.understandingourfoodsystems.com/community/red-rock-indian-band", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Food sovereignty", "Community projects", "Research partnerships" ], "annotation": "Read the entire community case study and project-phase descriptions. Documents the community’s moose-hanging and butcher-shop planning, shared harvesting space and a garden first grown in2019, with work planned for2020. Dated partnership account: future construction, tourism and economic goals are not proof of completion. Current totals, harvest locations and photos are not reproduced.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewScope": "Read the entire community case study and project-phase descriptions. Documents the community’s moose-hanging and butcher-shop planning, shared harvesting space and a garden first grown in2019, with work planned for2020. Dated partnership account: future construction, tourism and economic goals are not proof of completion. Current totals, harvest locations and photos are not reproduced.", "accessNotes": "Substantial actual public article body read through the web reader; this is not an inspection of linked publications, photographs or underlying records. No login or reader paywall was encountered for the inspected text.", "publicationDate": "2019–2020 project account" } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page 18 (zero-based 17), Northern Superior member-listing block: exact name and explicit ON address locality only. Parenthetical alternate name retained only where printed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "access": "Public PDF selectable text actually inspected; no account or subscription needed for this inspection", "selectedPages": [ 18 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 17 ], "selectedLines": "1868-1871", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections.", "Inspect the original survey and reserve-formation records behind the Band’s historical synthesis.", "Find dated follow-up evaluations of the food projects and further community-authored public histories." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A small, purposefully selected actual-content starting path and specifically scoped credited image are now available. Fuller history, source comparison and community review remain open; quantity does not establish completion.", "remainingLimits": [ "Inspect the original survey and reserve-formation records behind the Band’s historical synthesis.", "Find dated follow-up evaluations of the food projects and further community-authored public histories." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p6-redrock-history", "p6-redrock-foodsystems" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; fuller history remains open", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-06", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "scopeNote": "A short starting path through selected actual-content works. Read each annotation for the specific community, period and inspection limits; this is not a complete history or community endorsement.", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p6-redrock-history", "reason": "Begin with the Band’s concise account of earlier settlements and reserve formation." }, { "sourceId": "p6-redrock-foodsystems", "reason": "Follow a dated community partnership account about food and shared harvesting infrastructure." } ], "imageRecordId": "c6-red-rock-lake-helen" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Cohort06: selected actual-content sources and specifically scoped credited imagery form a bounded starting guide. Reused publications/photos are not new global works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "red-rock-indian-band", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "name": "Reno-Sparks Indian Colony, Nevada", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Nevada", "overview": "Reno-Sparks Indian Colony, Nevada has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "renosparks-indian-colony-nevada", "regionGroups": [ "Great Basin" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NV", "name": "Nevada", "key": "us-nv" } ] }, { "name": "Rosebud Sioux Tribe of the Rosebud Indian Reservation, South Dakota", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "South Dakota", "overview": "Rosebud Sioux Tribe of the Rosebud Indian Reservation, South Dakota has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "rosebud-sioux-tribe-of-the-rosebud-indian-reservation-south-dakota", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-SD", "name": "South Dakota", "key": "us-sd" } ] }, { "originalId": 324, "name": "Rumsen", "region": "California / Monterey Bay", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Rumsen is a people and language name in the Monterey Bay region’s Ohlone-related histories.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Rumsen is a people and language name in the Monterey Bay region’s Ohlone-related histories.", "sourceIds": [ "p324-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-authored identity, language and territorial histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p324-s1", "p324-s2", "p324-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p324-s1", "title": "Who We Are — Rumsen Ohlone Tribal Community", "publisher": "rumsenohlone.com", "url": "https://www.rumsenohlone.com/who-we-are", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Who We Are — Rumsen Ohlone Tribal Community” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p324-s2", "title": "Where We Come From — Rumsen Ohlone Tribal Community", "publisher": "rumsenohlone.com", "url": "https://www.rumsenohlone.com/where-we-come-from", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Where We Come From — Rumsen Ohlone Tribal Community” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p324-s3", "title": "REGALIA", "publisher": "costanoanrumsen.org", "url": "https://www.costanoanrumsen.org/regalia.html", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “REGALIA” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 263 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "rumsen", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 326, "name": "Saanich", "region": "British Columbia / Washington", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "W̱SÁNEĆ is a people’s name encountered alongside Saanich in sources on the southern Salish Sea region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "W̱SÁNEĆ is a people’s name encountered alongside Saanich in sources on the southern Salish Sea region.", "sourceIds": [ "p326-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: SENĆOŦEN language, distinct communities and territorial relationships. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p326-s1", "p326-s2", "p326-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p326-s1", "title": "History & Territory - W̱SÁNEĆ Leadership Council", "url": "https://wsanec.com/history-territory/", "publisher": "wsanec.com", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p326-s2", "title": "History & Heritage Sites | District of Central Saanich", "publisher": "centralsaanich.ca", "url": "https://www.centralsaanich.ca/our-community/history-heritage-sites", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History & Heritage Sites | District of Central Saanich” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p326-s3", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Saanich", "publisher": "saanich.ca", "url": "https://www.saanich.ca/assets/Parks~Recreation~and~Community~Services/Documents/Parks~Parks~Trails~and~Amenities~Find~a~Park/Saanich_BCS_Final_DRAFT_05.24.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Historical and cultural reference for Saanich” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "saanich", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" }, { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "originalId": 325, "name": "Sac (Sauk)", "region": "Great Lakes / Great Plains", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Sauk is a people’s name encountered alongside Sac. Sauk and Meskwaki are distinct despite joint political names.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Sauk is a people’s name encountered alongside Sac. Sauk and Meskwaki are distinct despite joint political names.", "sourceIds": [ "p325-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Sauk language, removal and the meanings of Sac and Fox in different contexts. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p325-s1", "p325-s2", "p325-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p325-s1", "title": "Sac and Fox Nation - Home", "url": "https://www.sacandfoxnation-nsn.gov/", "publisher": "sacandfoxnation-nsn.gov", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p325-s2", "title": "History | Sauk County Wisconsin Official Website", "publisher": "co.sauk.wi.us", "url": "https://www.co.sauk.wi.us/general/history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History | Sauk County Wisconsin Official Website” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p325-s3", "title": "Sauk-Suiattle - Index", "publisher": "sauk-suiattle.net", "url": "https://www.sauk-suiattle.net/tcouncil.html", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Sauk-Suiattle - Index” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 109, 210, 327 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "sac-sauk", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains", "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "name": "Sac & Fox Nation, Oklahoma", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Oklahoma", "overview": "Sac & Fox Nation, Oklahoma has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "sac-fox-nation-oklahoma", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "originalId": 327, "name": "Sac and Fox", "region": "Great Plains / Kansas / Oklahoma / Iowa", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Sac and Fox can refer to specific contemporary governments and historical joint administrative names involving Sauk and Meskwaki people.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Sac and Fox can refer to specific contemporary governments and historical joint administrative names involving Sauk and Meskwaki people.", "sourceIds": [ "p327-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Distinguish the separate governments and the people names behind the joint label. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p327-s1", "p327-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p327-s1", "title": "Page 2 - Sac and Fox News - March 2026", "publisher": "sacandfoxnation-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.sacandfoxnation-nsn.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/March-2026-News-WEB.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Page 2 - Sac and Fox News - March 2026” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p327-s2", "title": "Page 2 - Sac and Fox News - April 2025", "publisher": "sacandfoxnation-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.sacandfoxnation-nsn.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/April-2025-News.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Page 2 - Sac and Fox News - April 2025” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 325, 109, 210 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "sac-and-fox", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-KS", "name": "Kansas", "key": "us-ks" } ] }, { "name": "Saginaw band (Ojibwe)", "originalId": null, "added": true, "kind": "Historical / constituent band-name route", "directoryEntryType": "historical-constituent-band", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "compiled": "2026-10-26", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "identityReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "overview": "Saginaw is a historical band-name reading route connected to the Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe. The 1855 treaty identifies Saginaw parties to the 1837 treaty alongside Swan Creek and Black River parties remaining in Michigan. Read its land-selection terms with community histories and later implementation records.", "overviewSourceIds": [ "mg04-treaty-1855", "ziibiwing-three-bands" ], "relationshipNote": "Constituent band-name route; see the related government and Ojibwe entries.", "region": "Great Lakes / eastern Michigan historical context", "sections": [ { "title": "Begin with the dated 1855 instrument", "text": "Article 1 provides for selection of six adjoining Isabella County townships and another described tract. Its promises require comparison with implementation records.", "sourceIds": [ "mg04-treaty-1855" ] }, { "title": "Follow the shared community institution", "text": "Ziibiwing’s three-band statement supplies identity context. The photograph shows the Tribe’s shared cultural-history center; it does not depict a separate band government or establish descent.", "sourceIds": [ "ziibiwing-three-bands" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "ziibiwing-three-bands", "title": "History — identification statement", "publisher": "Ziibiwing Center", "url": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/aboutus/history.htm", "type": "Indigenous-led", "annotation": "Supporting name and relationship identification only.", "contentReviewScope": "Selected naming/identity statement; wider history not assessed for this queued entry.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Identification-only check; no substantive history work counted.", "topics": [ "Names", "Identity" ], "identificationOnly": true }, { "id": "mg04-treaty-1855", "title": "Treaty with the Chippewa of Saginaw, etc., August 2, 1855 — selected transcription", "publisher": "Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University; historical treaty text", "url": "https://www.cmich.edu/research/clarke-historical-library/explore-collection/explore-online/native-american-material/native-american-treaty-rights/text-of-michigan-related-treaties", "type": "Primary treaty / archive transcription", "topics": [ "Saginaw", "Swan Creek", "Black River", "Land selection" ], "annotation": "The 1855 text names its parties and sets out land-selection and payment provisions. It distinguishes Saginaw treaty parties from Swan Creek and Black River parties remaining in Michigan. Historical provisions are not current eligibility, boundaries or proof of fulfillment.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual Saginaw Chippewa and other Bands section, preamble and Articles 1–7, web lines 745–776 read. Other treaties on this long page, original signatures/scans, later implementation and current law not assessed.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "Treaty dated August 2, 1855; web transcription undated", "sourceUnitKey": "treaty-saginaw-swan-creek-black-river-1855" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 265 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "saginaw-chippewa-indian-tribe-of-michigan", "swan-creek-band-ojibwe", "black-river-band-ojibwe", "chippewa" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded reading route with inspected content and a specifically explained visual. It does not establish a complete history, separate nation count or community endorsement.", "remainingLimits": [ "Seek additional band-specific community-authored histories and testimony; the shared three-band sentence remains identification-only evidence.", "Review the relevant earlier treaty, original scans, implementation and later family/community histories before expanding the account.", "The dated treaty provisions do not settle present land boundaries, citizenship, benefits, affiliation or an exclusive genealogy. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ] }, "researchGaps": [ "Seek additional band-specific community-authored histories and testimony; the shared three-band sentence remains identification-only evidence.", "Review the relevant earlier treaty, original scans, implementation and later family/community histories before expanding the account.", "The dated treaty provisions do not settle present land boundaries, citizenship, benefits, affiliation or an exclusive genealogy. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "searchTerms": [ "Saginaw band (Ojibwe)", "Ojibwe", "Ojibway", "Chippewa", "Saginaw" ], "evidenceNotes": [ "Published as an owner-authorized queued card after a narrow identification check. Zero substantive works counted; no history-completion or separate-government claim is made for band-name routes.", "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-04", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "mg04-treaty-1855", "reason": "Read the named parties and land-selection provisions within this dated instrument." } ], "scopeNote": "Historical/constituent band-name reading route; related present government is the Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe. The three routes are not three newly established present nations.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "remainingQuestions": [ "Seek additional band-specific community-authored histories and testimony; the shared three-band sentence remains identification-only evidence.", "Review the relevant earlier treaty, original scans, implementation and later family/community histories before expanding the account.", "The dated treaty provisions do not settle present land boundaries, citizenship, benefits, affiliation or an exclusive genealogy. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "imageRecordId": "saginaw-band-ojibwe-context-ziibiwing-strait-2024" }, "slug": "saginaw-band-ojibwe", "regionGroups": [ "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MI", "name": "Michigan", "key": "us-mi" } ] }, { "name": "Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan", "originalId": null, "added": true, "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "directoryEntryType": "tribal-government", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "compiled": "2026-10-26", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "identityReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "overview": "The Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan identifies three Ojibway bands—Saginaw, Black River and Swan Creek—in its Ziibiwing Center history. The Tribe’s account links the Isabella community with nineteenth-century treaty and allotment experiences, later governmental reorganization and the creation of its cultural center. This is an individual government and community route alongside broader Ojibwe/Chippewa reading labels. Historical river communities, including the separate Tittabawassee reading route, require their own evidence rather than an assumed exclusive descent chart.", "overviewSourceIds": [ "t1" ], "relationshipNote": "Broader reading route: Ojibwe. Band-specific research remains queued.", "region": "Great Lakes / Michigan", "sections": [ { "title": "Read the Tribe’s own historical account", "text": "Ziibiwing’s narrative connects treaties, allotment and community institutions. Its broad legal and quantitative statements remain a starting community perspective; the underlying instruments and implementation records were not independently reviewed for this entry.", "sourceIds": [ "t1" ] }, { "title": "A cultural center as a reading doorway", "text": "The Tribe describes the Ziibiwing Center as a means of reclaiming and sharing its history. The exterior photograph depicts that particular institution; no interior collection, cultural object or visitor access condition is established by the picture.", "sourceIds": [ "t1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "ziibiwing-three-bands", "title": "History — identification statement", "publisher": "Ziibiwing Center", "url": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/aboutus/history.htm", "type": "Indigenous-led", "annotation": "Supporting name and relationship identification only.", "contentReviewScope": "Selected naming/identity statement; wider history not assessed for this queued entry.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Identification-only check; no substantive history work counted.", "topics": [ "Names", "Identity" ], "identificationOnly": true }, { "id": "t1", "title": "History — Ziibiwing Center", "publisher": "Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan, Ziibiwing Center", "url": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/aboutus/history.htm", "type": "Indigenous-led", "annotation": "The Tribe’s own historical account identifies its three Ojibway bands and describes reservation history, reorganization and the cultural center. It supplies present-community context, not an exclusive descent chart for river settlements.", "contentReviewScope": "Complete visible chronology and prose read, especially the three-band statement and reservation/reorganization paragraphs. Ancient chronology, numerical land-loss claims and broad legal assertions are not independently corroborated here.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-25", "accessed": "2026-10-25", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "topics": [ "Tittabawassee", "Michigan", "History" ] } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 265 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "saginaw-band-ojibwe", "swan-creek-band-ojibwe", "black-river-band-ojibwe", "chippewa" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded named-community starting guide, with selected inspected reading and an individually scoped picture. Broader history, original records and community review remain open.", "remainingLimits": [ "Compare the narrative with original treaty, allotment and reorganization records.", "Broaden named community voices and each band’s own specific history." ] }, "researchGaps": [ "Compare the narrative with original treaty, allotment and reorganization records.", "Broaden named community voices and each band’s own specific history." ], "searchTerms": [ "Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan", "Ojibwe", "Ojibway", "Chippewa" ], "evidenceNotes": [ "Published as an owner-authorized queued card after a narrow identification check. Zero substantive works counted; no history-completion or separate-government claim is made for band-name routes.", "This reviewed starting guide records selected actual-content sources, their perspectives and access limits. Reused earlier reviews retain their original dates/scopes; images and repeated URLs do not create new historical works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-03", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "t1", "reason": "Start with this community-published account." } ], "scopeNote": "An individually named community/government route; broader people labels and neighboring communities remain related context, not interchangeable identities.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "remainingQuestions": [ "Compare the narrative with original treaty, allotment and reorganization records.", "Broaden named community voices and each band’s own specific history." ], "imageRecordId": "saginaw-ziibiwing-strait-2024" }, "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "t1", "origin": { "slug": "tittabawassee-ojibwe-communities" }, "originalSourceObjectPreserved": true, "inspectionBasis": "Exact previously inspected source object, original review date and selected scope retained; not a new global work or full-source rereading." } ], "slug": "saginaw-chippewa-indian-tribe-of-michigan", "regionGroups": [ "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MI", "name": "Michigan", "key": "us-mi" } ] }, { "originalId": 328, "name": "Salinan", "region": "California", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Salinan people have homelands on California’s central coast and continuing community organizations.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Salinan people have homelands on California’s central coast and continuing community organizations.", "sourceIds": [ "p328-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Salinan-authored identity, language history and local homelands. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p328-s1", "p328-s2", "p328-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p328-s1", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Salinan", "publisher": "salinantribe.com", "url": "https://salinantribe.com/issues/sept2010.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Historical and cultural reference for Salinan” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p328-s2", "title": "T’epot’aha’l The People of the Salinan Tribe Vol.", "publisher": "salinantribe.com", "url": "https://salinantribe.com/issues/july2010.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “T’epot’aha’l The People of the Salinan Tribe Vol.” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p328-s3", "title": "Salinan", "publisher": "cla.berkeley.edu", "url": "https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/salinan.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Salinan” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "salinan", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 329, "name": "Salish", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Interior Northwest", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Salish is a broad and context-dependent term, including a language-family label and specific people names.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Salish is a broad and context-dependent term, including a language-family label and specific people names.", "sourceIds": [ "p329-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Distinguish Coast Salish groupings, Interior Salish peoples and individual nations. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p329-s1", "p329-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p329-s1", "title": "Séliš-Ql̓ispé Culture Committee | Confederated Salish Kootenai", "url": "https://cskt.org/sqcc/", "publisher": "cskt.org", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p329-s2", "title": "Séliš-Ql̓ispé Culture Committee | Confederated Salish Kootenai", "publisher": "cskt.org", "url": "https://cskt.org/sqcc/history-culture/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Séliš-Ql̓ispé Culture Committee | Confederated Salish Kootenai” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 108, 337, 266 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "salish", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "added": true, "name": "Samish", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Washington", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Samish Indian Nation is a contemporary nation with enduring relationships to the northern Salish Sea region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Samish Indian Nation is a contemporary nation with enduring relationships to the northern Salish Sea region.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-authored history, language, island and maritime homelands, and contemporary government. Start with the annotated sources and compare each publisher’s scope and perspective.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1", "added-s2", "added-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "added-s1", "title": "About Samish", "publisher": "samishtribe.nsn.us", "url": "https://www.samishtribe.nsn.us/who-we-are/about-samish", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “About Samish” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "added-s2", "title": "Samish Indian Nation", "publisher": "samishtribe.nsn.us", "url": "https://www.samishtribe.nsn.us/docs/default-source/planning/samish-pl-477-career-and-education-pathways-plan-2025-2027-%281%29.pdf?sfvrsn=9811570b_0", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Samish Indian Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "added-s3", "title": "Testimony of Tom Wooten, Chairman, Samish Indian Nation", "publisher": "congress.gov", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/115/meeting/house/106625/witnesses/HHRG-115-II24-Wstate-WootenT-20171115.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Testimony of Tom Wooten, Chairman, Samish Indian Nation” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 326 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "slug": "samish", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "name": "San Carlos Apache Tribe of the San Carlos Reservation, Arizona", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Arizona", "overview": "San Carlos Apache Tribe of the San Carlos Reservation, Arizona has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "san-carlos-apache-tribe-of-the-san-carlos-reservation-arizona", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AZ", "name": "Arizona", "key": "us-az" } ] }, { "originalId": 331, "name": "San Felipe Pueblo", "region": "Southwest / New Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "San Felipe Pueblo is a living Pueblo nation in New Mexico.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "San Felipe Pueblo is a living Pueblo nation in New Mexico.", "sourceIds": [ "p331-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Pueblo-published identity, Keres language context and community history. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p331-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p331-s1", "title": "Welcome to Pueblo of San Felipe - Pueblo of San Felipe", "publisher": "sfpueblo.com", "url": "https://sfpueblo.com/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Welcome to Pueblo of San Felipe - Pueblo of San Felipe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 310, 163 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "san-felipe-pueblo", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] }, { "originalId": 332, "name": "San Ildefonso Pueblo", "region": "Southwest / New Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "San Ildefonso Pueblo is a living Pueblo nation in New Mexico.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "San Ildefonso Pueblo is a living Pueblo nation in New Mexico.", "sourceIds": [ "p332-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Pueblo-authored history, Tewa language context, arts and community institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p332-s1", "p332-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p332-s1", "title": "Visiting the Pueblo – San Ildefonso Pueblo", "publisher": "sanipueblo.org", "url": "https://sanipueblo.org/visiting-the-pueblo/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Visiting the Pueblo – San Ildefonso Pueblo” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p332-s2", "title": "Tribal Historic Preservation Office (THPO) – San Ildefonso Pueblo", "publisher": "sanipueblo.org", "url": "https://sanipueblo.org/tribal-historic-preservation-office-thpo/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Tribal Historic Preservation Office (THPO) – San Ildefonso Pueblo” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 310, 381 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "san-ildefonso-pueblo", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] }, { "name": "San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe of Arizona", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Arizona", "overview": "San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe of Arizona has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "san-juan-southern-paiute-tribe-of-arizona", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AZ", "name": "Arizona", "key": "us-az" } ] }, { "originalId": 330, "name": "Sandia Pueblo", "region": "Southwest / New Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Sandia Pueblo is a living Pueblo nation in New Mexico.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Sandia Pueblo is a living Pueblo nation in New Mexico.", "sourceIds": [ "p330-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Pueblo-authored history, Tiwa language context and government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p330-s1", "p330-s2", "p330-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p330-s1", "title": "Pueblo Of Sandia | Albuquerque NM", "url": "https://www.sandiapueblo.nsn.us/", "publisher": "sandiapueblo.nsn.us", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p330-s2", "title": "Sandia Pueblo Archaeological Survey", "publisher": "epa.gov", "url": "https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-11/documents/sandia-archaeological-survey.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Sandia Pueblo Archaeological Survey” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p330-s3", "title": "MS 614 Language of the Sandía Pueblo or Nafin ab, in the central parts of New Mexico. Tewa [sic] linguistic … | NAA.MS614 | SOVA, Smithsonian Institution", "publisher": "sova.si.edu", "url": "https://sova.si.edu/record/naa.ms614?i=0&n=100&q=America+Online&s=0&t=W", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “MS 614 Language of the Sandía Pueblo or Nafin ab, in the central parts of New Mexico. Tewa [sic] linguistic … | NAA.MS614 | SOVA, Smithsonian Institution” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 310, 386 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "sandia-pueblo", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] }, { "originalId": 333, "name": "Santa Ana Pueblo", "region": "Southwest / New Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Santa Ana Pueblo, also known as Tamaya, is a living Pueblo nation in New Mexico.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Santa Ana Pueblo, also known as Tamaya, is a living Pueblo nation in New Mexico.", "sourceIds": [ "p333-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-preferred naming, Keres language context and Pueblo-authored history. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p333-s1", "p333-s2", "p333-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p333-s1", "title": "THPO Front page – Santa Ana Pueblo", "publisher": "santaana-nsn.gov", "url": "https://santaana-nsn.gov/thpo/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “THPO Front page – Santa Ana Pueblo” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p333-s2", "title": "Education Front page – Santa Ana Pueblo", "publisher": "santaana-nsn.gov", "url": "https://santaana-nsn.gov/education/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Education Front page – Santa Ana Pueblo” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p333-s3", "title": "Documentation:RelLex/The Language of Santa Ana Pueblo - UBC Wiki", "publisher": "wiki.ubc.ca", "url": "https://wiki.ubc.ca/Documentation%3ARelLex/The_Language_of_Santa_Ana_Pueblo", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Documentation:RelLex/The Language of Santa Ana Pueblo - UBC Wiki” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 310, 163 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "santa-ana-pueblo", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] }, { "originalId": 334, "name": "Santa Clara Pueblo", "region": "Southwest / New Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Santa Clara Pueblo is a living Pueblo nation in New Mexico.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Santa Clara Pueblo is a living Pueblo nation in New Mexico.", "sourceIds": [ "p334-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Pueblo-authored history, Tewa language context and contemporary community life. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p334-s1", "p334-s2", "p334-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p334-s1", "title": "Governor's Office | Santa Clara Pueblo", "publisher": "santaclarapueblo.org", "url": "https://www.santaclarapueblo.org/programs/tribal-government/governors-office/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Governor's Office | Santa Clara Pueblo” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p334-s2", "title": "Tewa Language | Santa Clara Pueblo", "publisher": "santaclarapueblo.org", "url": "https://www.santaclarapueblo.org/programs/department-of-youth-and-learning/tewa-language/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Tewa Language | Santa Clara Pueblo” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p334-s3", "title": "Santa Clara Pueblo", "publisher": "nmlegis.gov", "url": "https://www.nmlegis.gov/handouts/ERDT%20101013%20Item%201%20Santa%20Clara%20Gov.%20Presentation.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Santa Clara Pueblo” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 310, 381 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "santa-clara-pueblo", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] }, { "originalId": 335, "name": "Santee Dakota", "region": "Great Plains / Nebraska / Minnesota", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "This Santee Dakota route concerns the wider Eastern Dakota grouping and its distinct communities, rather than all Dakota peoples or one Nebraska or Minnesota government. The tribal college's four-division orientation is paired with particular Flandreau and Lower Sioux community accounts.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Santee Dakota is a regional identity connected with Dakota people and specific contemporary communities.", "sourceIds": [ "p335-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Distinct governments, Dakota language and histories of displacement. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p335-s1", "p335-s2", "p335-s3" ] }, { "title": "A wider grouping and distinct local communities", "text": "Nebraska Indian Community College names Mdewakantonwan, Wahpeton, Sisseton and Wahpekute within the Santee division. Flandreau's own history identifies its community primarily with Mdewakantonwan descendants and the Isanti division. Lower Sioux's account describes another Mdewakanton community at Caŋṡayapi. These are related Eastern Dakota contexts, not interchangeable names for a single government.", "sourceIds": [ "b05-santee-nicc-history-20261027", "b05-santee-flandreau-history-20261027", "d95-c1" ] }, { "title": "Displacement, rebuilding and authority to interpret history", "text": "The college's Nebraska-focused history follows forced movement through Crow Creek to northeastern Nebraska. Flandreau's account describes families moving from Santee Agency to homesteads along the Big Sioux River in 1869. Lower Sioux's companion historic-site account records tribal management beginning in 2007. Read these as distinct local histories of displacement, rebuilding and public interpretation; no one route describes every Santee Dakota family.", "sourceIds": [ "b05-santee-nicc-history-20261027", "b05-santee-flandreau-history-20261027", "d95-c1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p335-s1", "title": "Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe | About Us", "publisher": "fsst-nsn.gov", "url": "https://fsst-nsn.gov/culture/about-us", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe | About Us” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p335-s2", "title": "Santee Sioux Nation", "publisher": "thenicc.edu", "url": "https://www.thenicc.edu/about/history/santee-sioux-nation.php", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Santee Sioux Nation” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p335-s3", "title": "Government", "publisher": "santeesiouxnation.com", "url": "https://santeesiouxnation.com/government-1", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Government” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "b05-santee-nicc-history-20261027", "title": "Santee Sioux Nation History — Nebraska Indian Community College", "publisher": "Nebraska Indian Community College", "url": "https://www.thenicc.edu/about/history/santee-sioux-nation.php", "type": "Indigenous-led / tribal college", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Displacement", "Education" ], "annotation": "The tribal college's educational account names Mdewakantonwan, Wahpeton, Sisseton and Wahpekute as Santee divisions, then follows removal through Crow Creek to Nebraska and educational institutions. Its account is a Nebraska-focused historical synthesis; it is not one government speaking for every Eastern Dakota community. Terminology and treaty summaries need comparison with community authors and original records. Undated acreage figures are excluded.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual main history body lines 129–146 read completely, including division names at 131, 1862 narrative, nonparticipation distinction, removal paragraphs 142–143 and education at 145–146. Proposed synthesis uses division names, broad removal sequence and Nebraska focus; treaty dates/acreage, casualty and execution totals, place coordinates and evaluative period terminology are not adopted. Linked treaties and images not read/reused. Baseline p335-s2 remains unchanged; this fresh review receives a new ID.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "b05-santee-flandreau-history-20261027", "title": "About Us — History of the Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe", "publisher": "Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe", "url": "https://fsst-nsn.gov/culture/about-us", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Community history", "Displacement" ], "annotation": "The Tribe identifies primarily Mdewakantonwan ancestry within the Isanti division and gives its own history of displacement, the 1866 Santee Agency reunion, 1869 homesteading and later tribal organization. Its retrospective terms about citizenship and rights are not present membership advice. Undated land totals and linked media are omitted. This is one particular government's account, not a uniform account for all Santee Dakota communities.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual complete historical body lines 20–35 read. Synthesis selects Mdewakantonwan/Isanti identity, 1866 Santee Agency reunion and 1869 homesteading; no casualty total, present acreage, church antiquity, current membership rule or legal status is inferred. Images and program links not inspected/reused. Baseline p335-s1 remains unchanged; this fresh actual review receives a new ID.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "d95-c1", "title": "Lower Sioux Indian Community — About Us and public historic-site account", "author": "Lower Sioux Indian Community; institutional account, no individual byline displayed", "publisher": "Lower Sioux Indian Community", "url": "https://lowersioux.com/about-us/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Community government's public identity/history collection, selected two pages", "topics": [ "Mdewakanton Dakota", "Community continuity", "Minnesota River", "Public history" ], "publicationDate": "Undated bodies; 2026 footer and opening hours do not date the historical accounts", "annotation": "The government's own account connects local identity, exile, return and public historical interpretation. Selected companion site history is grouped once. Population figures, casualty estimates, current service availability and blanket treaty/legal conclusions are excluded.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual About Us historical body, lines 59–82; companion Historic Site historical paragraphs 83–86 and public interpretation description 97 read. No video, embedded flipbook or underlying treaty opened from these pages.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Historic Site", "url": "https://lowersioux.com/departments/historic-site/", "scope": "Actual history and tribal-management account; hours, admissions and contacts excluded." } ], "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 95 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "overviewSourceIds": [ "b05-santee-nicc-history-20261027", "b05-santee-flandreau-history-20261027", "d95-c1" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "researchGaps": [ "This is a wider Santee/Eastern Dakota route. Additional Wahpeton, Sisseton, Wahpekute and Mdewakanton communities, including Canadian perspectives, remain underrepresented.", "The college's historical synthesis and the Flandreau/Lower Sioux institutional accounts answer different questions. They are not evidence that every Santee person followed the same displacement route or belonged to one government.", "Original treaty/agency records, community-authored scholarship, distinct Dakota language work and public testimony beyond these selected accounts remain unread.", "The reused Lower Sioux source retains its October 21 actual-review date and exact source object. Its photo-context page was reopened October 27 for site identification only; this does not count as a new substantive work.", "No present acreage, membership, legal entitlement or current program outcome is asserted. No Santee Dakota community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "Two fresh selected historical-body reviews and one exact, previously reviewed Lower Sioux source support a short Eastern Dakota route with explicit local-government distinctions. Coverage of all four divisions, language and histories beyond these examples remains incomplete.", "remainingLimits": [ "This is a wider Santee/Eastern Dakota route. Additional Wahpeton, Sisseton, Wahpekute and Mdewakanton communities, including Canadian perspectives, remain underrepresented.", "The college's historical synthesis and the Flandreau/Lower Sioux institutional accounts answer different questions. They are not evidence that every Santee person followed the same displacement route or belonged to one government.", "Original treaty/agency records, community-authored scholarship, distinct Dakota language work and public testimony beyond these selected accounts remain unread.", "The reused Lower Sioux source retains its October 21 actual-review date and exact source object. Its photo-context page was reopened October 27 for site identification only; this does not count as a new substantive work.", "No present acreage, membership, legal entitlement or current program outcome is asserted. No Santee Dakota community review or endorsement is recorded." ] }, "startingGuide": { "sources": [ { "sourceId": "b05-santee-nicc-history-20261027", "reason": "Use the tribal college for its four-division orientation and Nebraska-focused historical sequence; compare its treaty summaries with original records." }, { "sourceId": "b05-santee-flandreau-history-20261027", "reason": "Follow a specific Mdewakanton/Isanti community's account of displacement and rebuilding at Flandreau." }, { "sourceId": "d95-c1", "reason": "Compare a separate Mdewakanton community and its authority to interpret the Lower Sioux Agency site; original review date is retained." } ], "remainingQuestions": [ "This is a wider Santee/Eastern Dakota route. Additional Wahpeton, Sisseton, Wahpekute and Mdewakanton communities, including Canadian perspectives, remain underrepresented.", "The college's historical synthesis and the Flandreau/Lower Sioux institutional accounts answer different questions. They are not evidence that every Santee person followed the same displacement route or belonged to one government.", "Original treaty/agency records, community-authored scholarship, distinct Dakota language work and public testimony beyond these selected accounts remain unread." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "batchId": "starter-guides-05", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "researchComplete": false, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "imageRecordId": "dakota-santee-lower-sioux-agency-mcghiever-2012" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "added": false, "slug": "santee-dakota", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NE", "name": "Nebraska", "key": "us-ne" } ] }, { "name": "Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Michigan", "overview": "The Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians is a distinct government whose public history connects Anishinaabeg fishing communities around the upper Great Lakes with later organizing at Sugar Island. Its account describes summer gatherings at Bahweting and family seasonal work, then follows colonial pressures and the building of a separate tribal government. The recognition narrative explains why Sugar Island organizers sought a government distinct from Bay Mills; that attributed history should not be flattened into interchangeable regional names. It records recognition in 1972 and subsequent constitutional organization. The Tribe's Language and Culture Division provides a second entry point, linking Anishinaabemowin with education, repatriation and historic preservation, a culture camp and a learning center. This selection introduces a particular community's history and living institutions without claiming to cover all Ojibwe peoples. Population totals, current service access, exact treaty consequences and measured language outcomes remain outside this guide. The dated sources invite further reading and comparison rather than supplying community endorsement or exhaustive history.", "relationshipNote": "Individually named Michigan government, separately listed from Bay Mills. Its exact government entry should not be merged into the Bay Mills government or the wider Chippewa name route.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Organizing a particular government", "text": "The historical narrative traces meetings among Sugar Island residents into a campaign for separate recognition. It records 1972 recognition and a constitution adopted afterward. Read this as the Tribe's account of organizing and continuity; precise treaty and legal conclusions require the underlying documents.", "sourceIds": [ "c3-sault-history" ] }, { "title": "Language and cultural responsibilities", "text": "The Division identifies language, repatriation and historic preservation, a culture camp, and a learning center as parts of its work. Its public description connects cultural continuity with institutions. It does not establish present schedules, access to every activity or measured learning outcomes.", "sourceIds": [ "c3-sault-culture" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c3-sault-history", "title": "Story of Our People", "publisher": "Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians", "url": "https://www.saulttribe.com/history-a-culture/story-of-our-people", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community history", "Seasonal life", "Government organization" ], "annotation": "The Tribe's own account connects older regional relationships with the organizing history of this particular government. Its description of Bay Mills relations is attributed, not independently adjudicated; dated numerical and broad legal assertions are excluded.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual historical body lines 103–128 read, including origins, seasonal communities, Sugar Island organizing, recognition narrative and constitutional development. Page updated January 28, 2017. Ancient archaeological dates, acreage/population totals and exact treaty-right consequences not adopted; linked treaties and constitution not opened.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "c3-sault-culture", "title": "Language & Culture", "publisher": "Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians", "url": "https://www.saulttribe.com/membership-services/culture", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Cultural education", "Community institutions" ], "annotation": "A direct account of the division's language and cultural responsibilities. It introduces institutional priorities and routes for further reading, rather than proving current course availability, fluent-speaker totals or program outcomes.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual main description lines 152–168 read, updated May 24, 2024: mission and five departments. Calendar, contacts, ceremony details, linked courses, videos, library collections and current access not investigated.", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/egle/about/tribal-relations", "publisher": "Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy", "scope": "Actual Michigan is home to12federally recognized Tribes list, lines447–470; only names, Michigan location and government kind used. Other page content and linked tribal destinations not reviewed for this pass.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/som/government/branches-of-government/tribal-government", "publisher": "State of Michigan", "scope": "Actual Tribal Governments in Michigan entries, lines147–234; used for exact name variants and only the specifically stated relationships noted in each candidate. No current figures, legal or historical chronology adopted.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [ "Sault Ste Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians", "Sault Saint Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians" ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Compare organizing and treaty history with original records and additional community voices.", "Broaden family, language, art and foodways materials beyond institutional descriptions.", "Current legal rules, program availability and outcomes are unverified; no community review is recorded." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A small actual-content collection supports a useful introduction to this named government, with explicit historical, access and interpretation limits. It is not comprehensive research or community endorsement.", "remainingLimits": [ "Compare organizing and treaty history with original records and additional community voices.", "Broaden family, language, art and foodways materials beyond institutional descriptions.", "Current legal rules, program availability and outcomes are unverified; no community review is recorded." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "c3-sault-history", "c3-sault-culture" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-03", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c3-sault-history", "reason": "The Tribe's own account connects older regional relationships with the organizing history of this particular government. Its description of Bay Mills relations is attributed, not independently adjudicated; dated numerical and broad legal assertions are excluded." }, { "sourceId": "c3-sault-culture", "reason": "A direct account of the division's language and cultural responsibilities. It introduces institutional priorities and routes for further reading, rather than proving current course availability, fluent-speaker totals or program outcomes." } ], "scopeNote": "Named government route; broader people-level names and related governments remain distinct. Source dates, inspection scope and remaining gaps are retained.", "reviewBasis": "Actual selected source bodies read in this review. Prior identification evidence remains separate and does not count as substantive reading.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Compare organizing and treaty history with original records and additional community voices.", "Broaden family, language, art and foodways materials beyond institutional descriptions.", "Current legal rules, program availability and outcomes are unverified; no community review is recorded." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "imageRecordId": "sault-kewadin-gpwitteveen-preview" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "This reviewed starting guide records selected actual-content sources, their perspectives and access limits. Reused earlier reviews retain their original dates/scopes; images and repeated URLs do not create new historical works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "sault-ste-marie-tribe-of-chippewa-indians", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MI", "name": "Michigan", "key": "us-mi" } ] }, { "originalId": 336, "name": "Saulteaux", "region": "Great Plains / Canada", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Saulteaux is a regional identity and historical name within wider Ojibwe and Anishinaabe contexts.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Saulteaux is a regional identity and historical name within wider Ojibwe and Anishinaabe contexts.", "sourceIds": [ "p336-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Local self-designation, language and distinct community histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p336-s1", "p336-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p336-s1", "title": "Saulteaux - Indigenous Saskatchewan Encyclopedia | University of Saskatchewan", "publisher": "teaching.usask.ca", "url": "https://teaching.usask.ca/indigenoussk/import/saulteaux.php", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Saulteaux - Indigenous Saskatchewan Encyclopedia | University of Saskatchewan” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p336-s2", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Saulteaux", "publisher": "michigan.gov", "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/mileap/-/media/Project/Websites/mileap/Documents/Executive/Tribal-Relations/Anishinaabe-Resource-Manual.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Saulteaux” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 265, 298 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "saulteaux", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-SK", "name": "Saskatchewan", "key": "ca-sk" } ] }, { "added": true, "name": "Sayultec", "region": "Mexico / Veracruz", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Sayultec is a people and language name associated with Sayula de Alemán in Veracruz. It is distinct from Olutec and Sierra Popoluca.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Sayultec is a people and language name associated with Sayula de Alemán in Veracruz. It is distinct from Olutec and Sierra Popoluca.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Sayulteco language, community self-designation and local histories. Start with the annotated sources and compare each publisher’s scope and perspective.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1", "added-s2", "added-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "added-s1", "title": "Sayultecos – Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/sayultecos-lengua/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Sayultecos – Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "added-s2", "title": "Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales", "publisher": "inali.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inali.gob.mx/sitios/clin-inali/html/v_sayulteco.html", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "added-s3", "title": "Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales", "publisher": "inali.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inali.gob.mx/sitios/clin-inali/html/l_sayulteco.html", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 304, 382 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "slug": "sayultec", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 338, "name": "Sechelt (Shíshálh)", "region": "British Columbia", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "shíshálh is a community-preferred name encountered alongside Sechelt.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "shíshálh is a community-preferred name encountered alongside Sechelt.", "sourceIds": [ "p338-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-published history, language, territory and government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p338-s1", "p338-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p338-s1", "title": "shíshálh Nation | Welcome to shíshálh Nation, Sechelt, BC", "url": "https://shishalh.com/", "publisher": "shishalh.com", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p338-s2", "title": "shíshálh Nation (formerly Sechelt First Nation) - Province of British Columbia", "publisher": "www2.gov.bc.ca", "url": "https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/environment/natural-resource-stewardship/consulting-with-first-nations/first-nations-negotiations/first-nations-a-z-listing/sechelt-sh-sh-lh-first-nation%26quot", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “shíshálh Nation (formerly Sechelt First Nation) - Province of British Columbia” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "sechelt-shishalh", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 337, "name": "Secwepemc", "region": "British Columbia", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Secwépemc is a people’s own name used alongside the outside name Shuswap.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Secwépemc is a people’s own name used alongside the outside name Shuswap.", "sourceIds": [ "p337-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Secwépemc-authored history, Secwepemctsín language, territory and individual communities. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p337-s1", "p337-s2", "p337-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p337-s1", "title": "Our Language | Secwépemc Museum", "publisher": "secwepemcmuseum.ca", "url": "https://secwepemcmuseum.ca/our-mission-about/language/", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Our Language | Secwépemc Museum” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p337-s2", "title": "About the Secwépemc Archives | Secwépemc Museum", "publisher": "secwepemcmuseum.ca", "url": "https://secwepemcmuseum.ca/archives-overview/", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “About the Secwépemc Archives | Secwépemc Museum” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p337-s3", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Secwepemc", "publisher": "www2.gov.bc.ca", "url": "https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/farming-natural-resources-and-industry/natural-resource-use/archaeology/forms-publications/aoa_-_williams_lake_forest_district_-_report.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Secwepemc” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 348 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "relationshipNote": "The original list preserves this name as an access point. Compare the related entries and community-preferred spellings; overlapping names do not always mean identical political communities.", "added": false, "slug": "secwepemc", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 339, "name": "Sekani", "region": "British Columbia", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Sekani or Tse’khene is a people and language name in northern British Columbia.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Sekani or Tse’khene is a people and language name in northern British Columbia.", "sourceIds": [ "p339-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-preferred names, language and distinct First Nation histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p339-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p339-s1", "title": "Canada and Carrier Sekani First Nations advance reconciliation with signing of Letter of Understanding - Canada.ca", "publisher": "canada.ca", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/crown-indigenous-relations-northern-affairs/news/2019/01/canada-and-carrier-sekani-first-nations-advance-reconciliation-with-signing-of-letter-of-understanding.html", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Canada and Carrier Sekani First Nations advance reconciliation with signing of Letter of Understanding - Canada.ca” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "sekani", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 340, "name": "Seminole", "region": "Southeast / Florida / Oklahoma", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Seminole people continue through distinct contemporary nations and communities in Florida and Oklahoma.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Seminole people continue through distinct contemporary nations and communities in Florida and Oklahoma.", "sourceIds": [ "p340-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-authored history, resistance, removal, languages and individual governments. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p340-s1", "p340-s2", "p340-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p340-s1", "title": "History of the Seminole Tribe of Florida | Florida State University", "publisher": "fsu.edu", "url": "https://www.fsu.edu/seminole-tribe/history", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “History of the Seminole Tribe of Florida | Florida State University” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p340-s2", "title": "2A • The Seminole Tribune • November 30, 2020", "publisher": "semtribe.com", "url": "https://www.semtribe.com/docs/default-source/tribune-archive/2020/november-30-2020-seminole-tribune.pdf?sfvrsn=5d867d47_2", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “2A • The Seminole Tribune • November 30, 2020” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p340-s3", "title": "Seminole Tribe of Florida", "publisher": "semtribe.com", "url": "https://www.semtribe.com/docs/default-source/tribune-archive/2012/december-19-2012-seminole-tribune.pdf?sfvrsn=64a3e042_8", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Seminole Tribe of Florida” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 213, 232 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "seminole", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains", "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-FL", "name": "Florida", "key": "us-fl" } ] }, { "originalId": 341, "name": "Seneca", "region": "Northeast / Haudenosaunee", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Seneca is one of the Haudenosaunee nations, with multiple contemporary communities and institutions.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Seneca is one of the Haudenosaunee nations, with multiple contemporary communities and institutions.", "sourceIds": [ "p341-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Onöndowa’ga:’ naming, language, homelands and distinct governments. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p341-s1", "p341-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p341-s1", "title": "History - SNI", "url": "https://sni.org/culture/history/", "publisher": "sni.org", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p341-s2", "title": "Onöhsagwë:de’ Cultural Center – Seneca-Iroquois National Museum", "publisher": "senecamuseum.org", "url": "https://senecamuseum.org/", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Onöhsagwë:de’ Cultural Center – Seneca-Iroquois National Museum” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 221, 268, 269, 44, 411 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "seneca", "regionGroups": [ "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NY", "name": "New York", "key": "us-ny" } ] }, { "originalId": 342, "name": "Seri (Comcaac)", "region": "Mexico / Sonora", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Comcaac is a people’s name used alongside Seri in sources on coastal Sonora.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Comcaac is a people’s name used alongside Seri in sources on coastal Sonora.", "sourceIds": [ "p342-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Cmiique Iitom language, desert and sea relationships and community history. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p342-s1", "p342-s2", "p342-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p342-s1", "title": "Seri : Lenguas indígenas México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura", "publisher": "sic.cultura.gob.mx", "url": "https://sic.cultura.gob.mx/ficha.php?table=inali_li&table_id=14", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Seri : Lenguas indígenas México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p342-s2", "title": "Seri-Castellano Castellano -Seri / Edward Moser – CID", "publisher": "cid-albertobeltran.cultura.gob.mx", "url": "https://cid-albertobeltran.cultura.gob.mx/catalogo-biblioteca/seri-castellano-castellano-seri-edward-moser/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Seri-Castellano Castellano -Seri / Edward Moser – CID” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p342-s3", "title": "Comcaac / Seri – Catálogo Nacional de Pueblos y Comunidades Indígenas y Afromexicanas", "publisher": "catalogo.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://catalogo.inpi.gob.mx/comcaac-seri/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Comcaac / Seri – Catálogo Nacional de Pueblos y Comunidades Indígenas y Afromexicanas” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "seri-comcaac", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "Serpent River First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — Lake Huron region member listing", "overview": "Serpent River First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. Membership alone is not treated as proof of Ojibwe, Anishinaabe or other ethnic identity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page18 (zero-based17): named member entry with Ontario address; parenthetical name retained only where explicit.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "serpent-river-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "originalId": 343, "name": "Serrano", "region": "California", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Serrano people have homelands in southern California and continue through distinct communities.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Serrano people have homelands in southern California and continue through distinct communities.", "sourceIds": [ "p343-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-preferred names, language, mountain homelands and local governments. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p343-s1", "p343-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p343-s1", "title": "Serrano", "publisher": "cla.berkeley.edu", "url": "https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/serrano.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Serrano” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p343-s2", "title": "Serrano Road | San Bernardino, CA", "publisher": "sanbernardino.gov", "url": "https://sanbernardino.gov/1087/Serrano-Road", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Serrano Road | San Bernardino, CA” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "serrano", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Minnesota", "overview": "The Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community is a distinct Dakota tribal government in Minnesota. Its public historical timeline and Dakota language account connect community continuity, land purchases and political organization with language recovery and public education. This guide centers those community publications while preserving distinctions between the SMSC, related peoples and neighboring governments.", "relationshipNote": "MnDOT explicitly places this individual Minnesota government under its Dakota Tribal Nation grouping. It remains a separate government; no automatic equivalence to Santee Dakota or another band is inferred.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Continuity and political organization", "text": "The Community's selected timeline follows removal in 1863, later land purchases and organization in 1969, then subsequent institutional developments. Its companion cultural introduction describes related peoples without making governmental membership identical. A 2019 cultural-center entry shows one way the SMSC presents history publicly. These are the Community's own historical and institutional accounts. Exact ancient chronology, broad legal summaries and every recent project claim are not adopted as independently verified facts; a historical timeline is an opening reading rather than a full documentary history.", "sourceIds": [ "d95-c2" ] }, { "title": "Language as community work", "text": "The SMSC's Dakota Language page connects learning with identity and recovery. It describes a language team, classes, family activities, youth culture camps, a Language Bowl and a community keyboard. These details show the range of work described by this particular Community. The page is undated, so program descriptions are not guarantees of current schedules or access. Its account of language loss remains attributed to the SMSC, not generalized to all Dakota communities. The selected reading supplies no present speaker census or independently evaluated learning outcomes.", "sourceIds": [ "p95-s11" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "d95-c2", "title": "Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community — Our History and Culture & History", "author": "Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community; institutional account without an individual byline", "publisher": "Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community", "url": "https://shakopeedakota.org/culture-history/our-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Community government's public historical timeline and situated cultural introduction", "topics": [ "Mdewakanton Dakota", "Political continuity", "Public education", "Related peoples" ], "publicationDate": "Undated publication; timeline includes 2025 events, which do not establish its initial publication date", "annotation": "A particular Dakota government's account extends from removal and land purchases to its institutions. Related peoples and governmental membership remain distinct. Its historical legal summaries, precise ancient chronology, current project claims and cultural imagery are not adopted wholesale.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual timeline selected 1837–1969 and 1989–2025 entries, lines 76–407; public-exhibit description 419–421. Companion introduction 27–57 read. Claim selects 1863, later land purchases, 1969 organization, related-peoples wording and 2019 cultural center.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Culture & History", "url": "https://shakopeedakota.org/culture-history/", "scope": "Actual related-peoples introduction, cultural-center history and language-history paragraphs; grouped with timeline." } ], "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p95-s11", "url": "https://shakopeedakota.org/culture-history/dakota-language/", "title": "Dakota Language — Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community", "publisher": "Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community", "author": "Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community; institutional account without an individual byline", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Community government account of language learning and public education", "topics": [ "Dakota language", "Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community", "language teaching", "orthography and learning tools" ], "publicationDate": "Undated; site footer 2026 does not establish the page’s initial publication date", "annotation": "The Community describes Dakota language learning as part of its own identity and recovery, and outlines its language team, weekly classes, family programming, youth culture camps, the Dakota Language Bowl and a community keyboard. Its historical and language-loss framing remains attributed to the Community; it is not generalized to all Dakota communities, and no current speaker count is inferred.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible page body, lines 27–65, including the Community’s account of program origins, current program descriptions and the SMSC’s sovereign-government identification. Links to the cultural center and external learning materials were not opened.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.dot.state.mn.us/mntribes/mntribes.html", "publisher": "Minnesota Department of Transportation", "scope": "Actual Tribal Nations in Minnesota page, lines22–74: eleven individually listed governments, explicitly grouped under seven Ojibwe and four Dakota nations. Separate-sovereign-government wording read; linked sheets and tribal destinations were not content-reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 95 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Compare selected chronology with original land and government records.", "Broaden community, family and artistic voices beyond institutional publications.", "Check current learning-resource availability and outcomes; no community review is recorded." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A compact source-led introduction to this named community; historical breadth, local voices and outcomes remain limited. No comprehensive completion or community endorsement is claimed.", "remainingLimits": [ "Compare selected chronology with original land and government records.", "Broaden community, family and artistic voices beyond institutional publications.", "Check current learning-resource availability and outcomes; no community review is recorded." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "d95-c2", "p95-s11" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Community-specific starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "d95-c2", "origin": { "originalId": 95, "profile": "Dakota" }, "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "inspectionBasis": "Exact prior source object and review date/scope preserved; no fresh original-source reading is claimed.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "scope": "Actual timeline selected 1837–1969 and 1989–2025 entries, lines 76–407; public-exhibit description 419–421. Companion introduction 27–57 read. Claim selects 1863, later land purchases, 1969 organization, related-peoples wording and 2019 cultural center." }, { "sourceId": "p95-s11", "origin": { "originalId": 95, "profile": "Dakota" }, "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "inspectionBasis": "Exact prior source object and review date/scope preserved; no fresh original-source reading is claimed.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "scope": "Read the complete visible page body, lines 27–65, including the Community’s account of program origins, current program descriptions and the SMSC’s sovereign-government identification. Links to the cultural center and external learning materials were not opened." } ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-02", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "d95-c2", "reason": "Follow the Community's own historical timeline and cultural introduction." }, { "sourceId": "p95-s11", "reason": "Read how the SMSC describes its language-learning work and tools." } ], "scopeNote": "Named government/community route; wider Dakota or Ojibwe reading profiles remain related context rather than interchangeable identities.", "reviewBasis": "Reused actual-content source records, preserving original review dates and selected-content limits. Image review is separate.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Compare selected chronology with original land and government records.", "Broaden community, family and artistic voices beyond institutional publications.", "Check current learning-resource availability and outcomes; no community review is recorded." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "imageRecordId": "shakopee-mystic-lake-naithani-2010" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "A community-specific starting guide reuses selected earlier actual-content reviews with their original dates/scopes. It does not add new global works merely because a URL appears on this route. Picture identification/rights are separate from historical adequacy or community endorsement." ], "slug": "shakopee-mdewakanton-sioux-community", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MN", "name": "Minnesota", "key": "us-mn" } ] }, { "originalId": 344, "name": "Shasta", "region": "California / Oregon", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Shasta is a people and language name in the California–Oregon borderlands.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Shasta is a people and language name in the California–Oregon borderlands.", "sourceIds": [ "p344-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community histories, language documentation and contemporary descendant perspectives. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p344-s1", "p344-s2", "p344-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p344-s1", "title": "shastaindian", "publisher": "shastaindiannation.org", "url": "https://shastaindiannation.org/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “shastaindian” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p344-s2", "title": "BACKGOUND ON THE SHASTA INDIAN NATION", "publisher": "bosagenda.co.siskiyou.ca.us", "url": "https://bosagenda.co.siskiyou.ca.us/450549/450557/459820/459821/459823/Background%20on%20Shasta%20Indian%20Nation459823.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “BACKGOUND ON THE SHASTA INDIAN NATION” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p344-s3", "title": "Research Resources – Mount Shasta Sisson Museum", "publisher": "mtshastamuseum.com", "url": "https://www.mtshastamuseum.com/research-resources/", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Research Resources – Mount Shasta Sisson Museum” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "shasta", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest", "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" }, { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" } ] }, { "originalId": 345, "name": "Shawnee", "region": "Eastern Woodlands / Oklahoma", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Shawnee people continue through multiple distinct contemporary tribal governments.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Shawnee people continue through multiple distinct contemporary tribal governments.", "sourceIds": [ "p345-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Shawnee language, Ohio Valley homelands, migration and differences among the governments. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p345-s1", "p345-s2", "p345-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p345-s1", "title": "Absentee Shawnee Tribe |", "publisher": "absenteeshawneetribe-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.absenteeshawneetribe-nsn.gov/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Absentee Shawnee Tribe |” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p345-s2", "title": "WEEMEYAKWE: Recent Shawnee History", "publisher": "shawnee-nsn.gov", "url": "https://shawnee-nsn.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/23.05-Shawnee-Journal-May-2023.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “WEEMEYAKWE: Recent Shawnee History” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p345-s3", "title": "Language Immersion Program - Shawnee Tribe", "publisher": "shawnee-nsn.gov", "url": "https://shawnee-nsn.gov/slip/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Language Immersion Program - Shawnee Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 3 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "researchLeads": [ { "url": "https://www.ohio.edu/cas/ping-institute/humanities-park/first-humanists/war-and-removal", "title": "Ohio University. “War and Removal.” University historical overview of Tecumseh, earlier Native alliances and removal.", "documentKey": "Tecumsehs_War_1811_1813_Including_Tippecanoe", "documentTitle": "Tecumseh’s War and Tippecanoe", "contextNote": "An intertribal historical topic queued with Shawnee. Individual allied peoples and participants require their own attribution.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/people/tenskwatawa.htm", "title": "National Park Service. “Tenskwatawa.” Updated November 20, 2024.", "documentKey": "Tecumsehs_War_1811_1813_Including_Tippecanoe", "documentTitle": "Tecumseh’s War and Tippecanoe", "contextNote": "An intertribal historical topic queued with Shawnee. Individual allied peoples and participants require their own attribution.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/nebraska-paperback/9780803267114/the-shawnee-prophet/", "title": "Edmunds, R. David. The Shawnee Prophet. University of Nebraska Press, paperback edition, 1985. Scholarly book. This link provides the publisher’s description and publication details, rather than the full book.", "documentKey": "Tecumsehs_War_1811_1813_Including_Tippecanoe", "documentTitle": "Tecumseh’s War and Tippecanoe", "contextNote": "An intertribal historical topic queued with Shawnee. Individual allied peoples and participants require their own attribution.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/people/tecumseh.htm", "title": "National Park Service. “Tecumseh.” Updated November 12, 2023.", "documentKey": "Tecumsehs_War_1811_1813_Including_Tippecanoe", "documentTitle": "Tecumseh’s War and Tippecanoe", "contextNote": "An intertribal historical topic queued with Shawnee. Individual allied peoples and participants require their own attribution.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/imh/article/view/40401", "title": "Peyton, John T. “The Land We Have We Wish to Keep: Miami Autonomy and Resistance to Removal in Indiana, 1812–1826.” Indiana Magazine of History 119, no. 2 (2023): 139–176.", "documentKey": "Tecumsehs_War_1811_1813_Including_Tippecanoe", "documentTitle": "Tecumseh’s War and Tippecanoe", "contextNote": "An intertribal historical topic queued with Shawnee. Individual allied peoples and participants require their own attribution.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": null, "linkNote": "TLS verification failed; availability undetermined; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://docsteach.org/document/treaty-tribes-fort-wayne/", "title": "United States and Delaware, Potawatomi, Miami and Eel River Miami representatives. Treaty at Fort Wayne, September 30, 1809. Primary treaty with scans and transcription, National Archives record presented by DocsTeach.", "documentKey": "Tecumsehs_War_1811_1813_Including_Tippecanoe", "documentTitle": "Tecumseh’s War and Tippecanoe", "contextNote": "An intertribal historical topic queued with Shawnee. Individual allied peoples and participants require their own attribution.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 403, "linkNote": "Automated access restricted; not evidence of paywall or removal; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://www.in.gov/history/about-indiana-history-and-trivia/explore-indiana-history-by-topic/indiana-documents-leading-to-statehood/treaty-with-the-delawares-etc-1809/", "title": "Indiana Historical Bureau. “Treaty with the Delawares etc 1809.” Treaty transcription and historical introduction.", "documentKey": "Tecumsehs_War_1811_1813_Including_Tippecanoe", "documentTitle": "Tecumseh’s War and Tippecanoe", "contextNote": "An intertribal historical topic queued with Shawnee. Individual allied peoples and participants require their own attribution.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.in.gov/history/state-historical-markers/find-a-marker/tecumseh-and-harrison/", "title": "Indiana Historical Bureau. “Tecumseh and Harrison.” Historical marker installed in 2011.", "documentKey": "Tecumsehs_War_1811_1813_Including_Tippecanoe", "documentTitle": "Tecumseh’s War and Tippecanoe", "contextNote": "An intertribal historical topic queued with Shawnee. Individual allied peoples and participants require their own attribution.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/imh/article/download/5580/4883/17062", "title": "Tipton, John. “John Tipton’s Tippecanoe Journal.” Indiana Magazine of History 2, no. 4 (1906): 170–184. Primary campaign journal from 1811, published later. Battle and burning entries appear on pages 180–181.", "documentKey": "Tecumsehs_War_1811_1813_Including_Tippecanoe", "documentTitle": "Tecumseh’s War and Tippecanoe", "contextNote": "An intertribal historical topic queued with Shawnee. Individual allied peoples and participants require their own attribution.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": null, "linkNote": "TLS verification failed; availability undetermined; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://tippecanoehistory.org/battle-of-tippecanoe-3/", "title": "Tippecanoe County Historical Association. “The Battle.” Battlefield museum history, used for the camp defenses, American losses and the village’s destruction.", "documentKey": "Tecumsehs_War_1811_1813_Including_Tippecanoe", "documentTitle": "Tecumseh’s War and Tippecanoe", "contextNote": "An intertribal historical topic queued with Shawnee. Individual allied peoples and participants require their own attribution.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 403, "linkNote": "Automated access restricted; not evidence of paywall or removal; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/articles/tippecanoe.htm", "title": "National Park Service. “Autumn 1811: The Battle of Tippecanoe.” Updated May 24, 2016.", "documentKey": "Tecumsehs_War_1811_1813_Including_Tippecanoe", "documentTitle": "Tecumseh’s War and Tippecanoe", "contextNote": "An intertribal historical topic queued with Shawnee. Individual allied peoples and participants require their own attribution.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/services/military-history/history-heritage/popular-books/aboriginal-people-canadian-military/defence-homelands.html", "title": "Canada, Department of National Defence. “In Defence of Their Homelands.” Chapter in Aboriginal People in the Canadian Military. Government historical study of Native diplomacy, British policy and the War of 1812.", "documentKey": "Tecumsehs_War_1811_1813_Including_Tippecanoe", "documentTitle": "Tecumseh’s War and Tippecanoe", "contextNote": "An intertribal historical topic queued with Shawnee. Individual allied peoples and participants require their own attribution.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": null, "linkNote": "Network timeout/error after one retry; availability undetermined; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://aacimotaatiiyankwi.org/2019/04/19/we-have-not-seen-the-end-the-battle-of-mississinewa-and-the-war-of-1812-in-myaamionki/", "title": "Ironstrack, George, and Cameron Shriver. “We Have Not Seen the End: The Battle of Mississinewa and the War of 1812 in Myaamionki.” Aacimohtaatiiyankwi, April 19, 2019. Myaamia historical study drawing on community histories and primary records.", "documentKey": "Tecumsehs_War_1811_1813_Including_Tippecanoe", "documentTitle": "Tecumseh’s War and Tippecanoe", "contextNote": "An intertribal historical topic queued with Shawnee. Individual allied peoples and participants require their own attribution.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 403, "linkNote": "Automated access restricted; not evidence of paywall or removal; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/pevi/learn/historyculture/tecumseh-page-3.htm", "title": "National Park Service. “Tecumseh Page 3.” Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial. Updated April 10, 2015.", "documentKey": "Tecumsehs_War_1811_1813_Including_Tippecanoe", "documentTitle": "Tecumseh’s War and Tippecanoe", "contextNote": "An intertribal historical topic queued with Shawnee. Individual allied peoples and participants require their own attribution.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/pevi/learn/historyculture/tecumseh-page-4.htm", "title": "National Park Service. “Tecumseh Page 4.” Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial. Updated April 10, 2015.", "documentKey": "Tecumsehs_War_1811_1813_Including_Tippecanoe", "documentTitle": "Tecumseh’s War and Tippecanoe", "contextNote": "An intertribal historical topic queued with Shawnee. Individual allied peoples and participants require their own attribution.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://faculty.etsu.edu/history/documents/treatyghent.htm", "title": "Great Britain and the United States. Treaty of Ghent, December 24, 1814, especially Article IX. Primary treaty transcription hosted by East Tennessee State University.", "documentKey": "Tecumsehs_War_1811_1813_Including_Tippecanoe", "documentTitle": "Tecumseh’s War and Tippecanoe", "contextNote": "An intertribal historical topic queued with Shawnee. Individual allied peoples and participants require their own attribution.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/stsp/learn/historyculture/war-s-end.htm", "title": "National Park Service. “War’s End.” Star-Spangled Banner National Historic Trail. Updated June 11, 2025.", "documentKey": "Tecumsehs_War_1811_1813_Including_Tippecanoe", "documentTitle": "Tecumseh’s War and Tippecanoe", "contextNote": "An intertribal historical topic queued with Shawnee. Individual allied peoples and participants require their own attribution.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 } ], "studyKeys": [ "Tecumsehs_War_1811_1813_Including_Tippecanoe" ], "added": false, "slug": "shawnee", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WV", "name": "West Virginia", "key": "us-wv" } ] }, { "name": "Sheguiandah First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — Lake Huron region member listing", "overview": "Sheguiandah First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. Membership alone is not treated as proof of Ojibwe, Anishinaabe or other ethnic identity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page18 (zero-based17): named member entry with Ontario address; parenthetical name retained only where explicit.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "sheguiandah-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "name": "Sheshegwaning First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — Lake Huron region member listing", "overview": "Sheshegwaning First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. Membership alone is not treated as proof of Ojibwe, Anishinaabe or other ethnic identity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page18 (zero-based17): named member entry with Ontario address; parenthetical name retained only where explicit.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "sheshegwaning-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "originalId": 346, "name": "Shinnecock", "region": "Northeast / Long Island", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Shinnecock Nation has enduring relationships with eastern Long Island.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Shinnecock Nation has enduring relationships with eastern Long Island.", "sourceIds": [ "p346-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Nation-published history, land, language and contemporary community life. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p346-s1", "p346-s2", "p346-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p346-s1", "title": "WHO WE ARE | Shinnecock Nation", "publisher": "shinnecock-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.shinnecock-nsn.gov/who-we-are", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “WHO WE ARE | Shinnecock Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p346-s2", "title": "Tribal Enrollment | Shinnecock Nation", "publisher": "shinnecock-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.shinnecock-nsn.gov/tribal-enrollment", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Tribal Enrollment | Shinnecock Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p346-s3", "title": "Section 9.44: Shinnecock Indian Nation", "publisher": "southamptontownny.gov", "url": "https://www.southamptontownny.gov/DocumentCenter/View/24253/Section-944---Shinnecock-Indian-Nation", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Section 9.44: Shinnecock Indian Nation” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "shinnecock", "regionGroups": [ "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NY", "name": "New York", "key": "us-ny" } ] }, { "originalId": 347, "name": "Shoshone", "region": "Great Basin / Great Plains", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Shoshone is a broad name for distinct regional peoples and communities, not one single government or uniform history. This reviewed introduction centers publicly documented histories connected to Idaho, including the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes at Fort Hall and the Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of Duck Valley, while also placing Eastern and Northwestern Shoshone sources in view. It is a selected reading guide, not an exhaustive account of all Shoshone communities.", "sections": [ { "title": "Names, communities, and scope", "text": "“Shoshone” is used for related peoples whose histories span a large area of the inland West; the name does not identify one government or one community. The Shoshone-Bannock Tribes describe their Fort Hall government as comprising Northern Shoshone and Bannock bands, while their account distinguishes the peoples’ languages. The Shoshone-Paiute Tribes’ Duck Valley history describes a separate community formed from Western Shoshone and Northern Paiute bands whose reservation crosses today’s Idaho–Nevada border. The Eastern Shoshone Tribe and Northwestern Band of the Shoshone Nation are distinct governments with their own public historical accounts. The NPS wayside exhibit’s term “Newenee” and its “Shoshonean” language grouping belong to a specific Shoshone-Bannock collaboration and should not be treated as universal names for every Shoshone community.", "sourceIds": [ "p347-s1", "p347-s4", "p347-s6", "p347-s10", "p347-s12", "p347-s14" ] }, { "title": "Idaho homelands and seasonal movement", "text": "For the Fort Hall community, the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes describe ancestral lands extending beyond present reservation and state borders, and document seasonal use of southern Idaho’s river, camas, salmon, and high-country areas. The National Park Service’s Craters of the Moon account outlines a seasonal round through Fort Hall, Camas Prairie, the Boise and Snake Rivers, and hunting areas farther north and east. That is a place-based NPS interpretation, not a complete account of all Shoshone families or a present-day territorial boundary. Northwestern Shoshone historian Mae Parry’s chapter separately describes seasonal gathering and travel in northern Utah, southern Idaho, and adjoining regions; her account helps show why present state lines and reservation maps cannot stand in for community history.", "sourceIds": [ "p347-s1", "p347-s5", "p347-s11" ] }, { "title": "Language, cultural work, and public knowledge", "text": "The Shoshone-Bannock Language and Cultural Preservation Department describes teaching both Shoshone and Bannock, maintaining archives and family-history materials, recording oral histories, and protecting information it considers confidential or sensitive. The NPS Newenee exhibit was prepared with Shoshone-Bannock representatives and includes artwork by Shoshone-Bannock artist Derek No-Sun Brown; its welcome and language examples should be read as a specific community contribution to a public park exhibit. These sources document programs and public interpretation, not language-use totals or outcomes. This guide does not reproduce restricted material.", "sourceIds": [ "p347-s3", "p347-s4" ] }, { "title": "Treaties, reservation formation, and distinct governments", "text": "The 1868 Fort Bridger treaty names the Eastern Shoshone and Bannock parties separately. Its text set aside the Wind River reservation for named Shoshone signatories and promised a later reservation for the Bannacks in the Portneuf and “Kansas Prairie” countries. The Shoshone-Bannock Tribes’ Treaty Day account says the separate Bannock reservation was never established and that Bannock people were relocated to Fort Hall in 1869. WyoHistory’s timeline describes later Bannock moves in 1873 and the arrival of Pocatello’s band in 1876. These accounts differ in how they date the move and do not make the treaty’s promise identical to its later implementation. The Fort Hall Constitution and Bylaws, approved in 1936 and amended through 2013 in the published copy, describe that government’s own jurisdiction and council structure; they should not be generalized to other Shoshone governments.", "sourceIds": [ "p347-s7", "p347-s8", "p347-s9", "p347-s11", "p347-s10" ] }, { "title": "Duck Valley and Shoshone-Paiute history", "text": "The Shoshone-Paiute Tribes’ cultural department locates Duck Valley across Idaho and Nevada and describes the community as including Western Shoshone and Northern Paiute bands. Its historical account covers executive orders, movement on and off the reservation, resistance to a proposed relocation to Fort Hall, the 1936 constitution, and schooling. The page’s acreage and membership figures are undated and are not repeated here. A 2021 Department of the Interior statement for the record explains the Duck Valley water-rights settlement and the federal trust funds for irrigation infrastructure; it is a narrow legal and administrative source, not a full account of the Tribes’ history or water knowledge.", "sourceIds": [ "p347-s6", "p347-s7" ] }, { "title": "Northwestern and Eastern Shoshone histories", "text": "Mae Parry’s chapter, written by a Northwestern Shoshone historian for a Utah history volume proposed by Utah Indian leaders, combines family oral history, written records, and tribal history. The selected pages discuss the Bear River Massacre of 1863, survivors’ accounts, the settlement of Washakie, testimony about homes burned in 1960, and the Northwestern Band’s later legal history. Utah Humanities’ 2024 account, produced for the Northwestern Band, describes Mae Parry’s archival and oral-history work and continuing community efforts. These sources provide Northwestern-specific context; their accounts do not represent every Shoshone community. The Eastern Shoshone government’s About page is also retained as its own public account, while its deep-time and treaty-area figures are left unattributed in the synthesis because they need closer comparison with community and archaeological sources.", "sourceIds": [ "p347-s10", "p347-s11", "p347-s12" ] }, { "title": "What this collection can and cannot establish", "text": "This source set supports an introductory comparison of several living Shoshone communities and particular treaty, language, place, and government records. Its coverage remains uneven: Fort Hall, Duck Valley, Wind River, and the Northwestern Band have different kinds and depths of documentation here, while many other Shoshone communities, family histories, languages, and contemporary priorities are not represented. Some historical sources use old collective labels or compress distinct bands into one timeline. The collection has twelve substantive works with actual content inspected, but that count is separate from adequacy, completeness, or community review. No community endorsement is recorded, no population total is offered, and no map is assigned by geographic inference.", "sourceIds": [ "p347-s1", "p347-s3", "p347-s4", "p347-s5", "p347-s6", "p347-s7", "p347-s8", "p347-s9", "p347-s10", "p347-s11", "p347-s12" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p347-s1", "title": "About — Shoshone-Bannock Tribes", "publisher": "Shoshone-Bannock Tribes", "url": "https://www.sbtribes.com/about/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Homelands", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read the actual Culture and History body (especially paragraphs on bands, homelands, language distinctions, seasonal foodways and reservation geography). This is the Fort Hall Tribes’ own public summary; its expansive ancestral-land description is not a boundary survey, and its dated account is not universal to all Shoshone peoples.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23" }, { "id": "p347-s2", "title": "Shoshone - Gateway Arch National Park (U.S. National Park Service)", "publisher": "nps.gov", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/jeff/learn/historyculture/shoshone.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Retained as a relevant National Park Service reading lead. Its page body was not inspected in this review, so it is not cited as evidence and does not count as a substantive content check.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p347-s3", "title": "Language and Cultural Preservation", "publisher": "Shoshone-Bannock Tribes Language and Cultural Preservation Department", "url": "https://www.sbtribes.com/language-culture/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Archives", "Community research", "Cultural stewardship" ], "annotation": "Read the department’s sections on language teaching, archival stewardship, Original Territories research, family histories, oral-history recording and museum work. The page itself identifies confidential or sensitive information; no such material is reproduced. Current class schedules and changing program details are not repeated.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23" }, { "id": "p347-s4", "title": "Newenee: The Shoshonean Peoples of Southern Idaho", "publisher": "National Park Service, with Shoshone-Bannock Tribes representatives", "url": "https://home.nps.gov/articles/000/sbtribes.htm", "type": "Community collaboration / government education", "topics": [ "Identity", "Homelands", "Language", "Public history" ], "annotation": "Read the complete public exhibit article, including the Shoshone-Bannock welcome, the exhibit panel, and its attributed elder quotation. The page states NPS collaborated with Shoshone-Bannock representatives and identifies artist Derek No-Sun Brown as a Shoshone-Bannock artist. “Newenee” and “Shoshonean” are used in this exhibit’s context, not asserted as universal labels.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23" }, { "id": "p347-s5", "title": "History — Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve", "publisher": "National Park Service", "url": "https://home.nps.gov/crmo/learn/education/history.htm", "type": "Government visitor-history page", "topics": [ "Southern Idaho", "Seasonal movement", "Foodways", "Colonial trails" ], "annotation": "Read the complete Shoshone-Bannock and Goodale’s Cutoff sections. Useful as an NPS place-based account of seasonal routes and the later use of those routes by emigrants. Its “limited resources” framing and settler-centered account of the 1862 wagon-train incident are attributed to the NPS page rather than adopted as a comprehensive tribal interpretation; the two public oral narratives on the page are not retold here.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23" }, { "id": "p347-s6", "title": "Our History — Cultural Department", "publisher": "Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Indian Reservation", "url": "https://shopaitribes.org/cultural-department/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Duck Valley", "History", "Community", "Education" ], "annotation": "Read the full Our History section. It describes Duck Valley as a shared Western Shoshone and Northern Paiute community, the reservation’s executive orders, movement and resistance, schools, and the Tribe’s 1936 constitution. The page’s undated acreage, membership and current-governance figures are not reused; its account is identified as the Tribe’s own historical narrative.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23" }, { "id": "p347-s7", "title": "H.R. 1869: Technical Correction to the Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation Water Rights Settlement Act of 2021", "publisher": "U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of the Secretary", "url": "https://www.doi.gov/ocl/hr-1869", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Duck Valley", "Water rights", "Federal settlement" ], "annotation": "Read the complete Secretary’s statement for the record, especially the Duck Valley settlement background and trust-fund explanation. This is a 2021 federal legislative position on one technical correction, not the Tribe’s own full water history or a neutral summary of all parties’ views.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23" }, { "id": "p347-s8", "title": "Fort Bridger Treaty of 1868 — treaty text reproduced by the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes", "publisher": "Treaty with the Eastern Band Shoshoni and Bannock, 1868; compiled by Charles J. Kappler (1904)", "url": "https://www.sbtribes.com/fort-bridger-treaty/", "type": "Primary document", "topics": [ "Treaty", "Eastern Shoshone", "Bannock", "Reservation" ], "annotation": "Read the treaty heading and Articles 1–2 in the Tribe’s hosted reproduction of the 1904 Kappler compilation. The text distinguishes Eastern Shoshone and Bannock parties and promises a later Bannock reservation; it is primary treaty text, not evidence by itself of how each provision was later implemented.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23" }, { "id": "p347-s9", "title": "Constitution and Bylaws for the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation", "publisher": "Shoshone-Bannock Tribes; U.S. Office of Indian Affairs edition, approved 1936 and amended 2013", "url": "https://www.sbtribes.com/constitution-bylaws/", "type": "Primary document", "topics": [ "Governance", "Constitution", "Fort Hall" ], "annotation": "Read the preamble and the territory, membership and council provisions in the published copy. It documents the Fort Hall government’s constitutional structure in this dated edition; later amendments or current practice should be checked against current tribal law before making present-day claims.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23" }, { "id": "p347-s10", "title": "About the Shoshone Tribe", "publisher": "Eastern Shoshone Tribe", "url": "https://easternshoshone.org/about/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Eastern Shoshone", "Wind River", "Community history" ], "annotation": "Read the complete public About page and its sections on the Wind River reservation, Washakie and Sacajawea. This is the Eastern Shoshone government’s own public account; some archaeological, treaty-area and historical totals are not independently assessed here and are not repeated as established fact.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23" }, { "id": "p347-s11", "title": "Coming to Wind River: The Eastern Shoshone Treaties of 1863 and 1868", "publisher": "WyoHistory.org; Wyoming State Historical Society", "url": "https://www.wyohistory.org/encyclopedia/coming-wind-river-eastern-shoshone-treaties-1863-and-1868", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Treaty", "Eastern Shoshone", "Bannock", "Wyoming" ], "annotation": "Read the full article’s 1863 treaty, migration and 1868 treaty sections, plus its notes and bibliography. A cited secondary narrative useful for treaty chronology and comparisons; it distinguishes Eastern Shoshone and Bannock groups but is not a substitute for treaty text or the involved governments’ accounts. Its dates for later Bannock moves differ from the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes’ public account.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23" }, { "id": "p347-s12", "title": "The Northwestern Shoshone — A History of Utah’s American Indians", "publisher": "Mae Parry; edited by Forrest S. Cuch; Utah State Division of Indian Affairs and Utah State Division of History, 2000", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/content/oa_chapter_edited/j.ctt46nwms.5", "type": "Indigenous-authored historical interpretation / selected book excerpt", "topics": [ "Northwestern Shoshone", "Oral history", "Bear River", "Washakie" ], "annotation": "Read selected pages of Mae Parry’s 48-page chapter in the digitized book viewer: pp. 25–26 on regional seasonal life; pp. 34–42 on the Bear River Massacre and survivor accounts; pp. 59–61 on Washakie testimony; and pp. 69–72 on the Box Elder treaty and Northwestern Band legal history. The book introduction identifies this as a Utah Indian leaders’ project; Parry’s family and oral-history sources are attributed as such. This selected-page review is not a reading of every page in the chapter.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23" }, { "id": "p347-s13", "title": "Lessons in Resilience", "publisher": "Nate Housley, Megan van Frank, and Megan Weiss for the Northwestern Band of the Shoshone Nation; The Beehive Archive / Utah Humanities, 2024-12-30", "url": "https://stories.utahhumanities.org/item/1960", "type": "Community collaboration / public history", "topics": [ "Northwestern Shoshone", "Bear River", "Mae Timbimboo Parry", "Contemporary community" ], "annotation": "Read the full article and metadata/source notes. The authors describe the Band’s public history and archive work and Mae Parry’s oral-history role; it is a dated public-history synthesis produced for the Northwestern Band, not an exhaustive tribal account. The article uses a different death toll estimate than some other public histories, so no single figure is asserted here.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23" }, { "id": "p347-s14", "title": "History — Northwestern Band of the Shoshone Nation", "publisher": "Northwestern Band of the Shoshone Nation", "url": "https://nwbshoshone.com/about/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Northwestern Shoshone", "Community history", "Bear River" ], "annotation": "Read the page’s timeline and historical sections. Retained as a current Band-published perspective, but its compressed treaty and relocation chronology conflicts with the 1868 treaty text and other histories; those unverified details are not used as settled facts. It is excluded from the substantive count pending closer comparison.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 280, 28 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "coverageLevel": "reviewed-source-guide", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "rationale": "Twelve distinct substantive works have actual-content inspection records: community publications from Fort Hall, Duck Valley, Eastern Shoshone and the Northwestern Band; a community–NPS exhibit; two place-based NPS histories; a Northwestern Shoshone historian’s selected chapter pages; a cited Wyoming history article; primary treaty and constitutional texts; and a federal Duck Valley water-settlement statement. These support a carefully scoped introduction across several regional communities, but the entry is a broad umbrella and evidence depth remains uneven. Reaching the source target does not make the collection complete or community-reviewed.", "remainingLimits": [ "The entry’s broad “Shoshone” access point cannot stand in for separate studies of the many Shoshone governments, communities, bands, and family histories. The current sample is uneven across Fort Hall, Duck Valley, Wind River, the Northwestern Band, and other Shoshone communities.", "More community-authored histories, language materials, and contemporary accounts from Shoshone governments in Nevada, Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming remain to be inspected; no single source represents all communities.", "The Fort Bridger Treaty text, the Shoshone-Bannock Treaty Day account, and WyoHistory describe the separate Bannock reservation and later move using different chronology. The relationship between reservation promises, relocation, and later Fort Hall governance needs further original-record review.", "Mae Parry’s 2000 chapter was reviewed at selected pages only. Its family and oral-history evidence is attributed, while its historical interpretations are not treated as universal community consensus.", "The Shoshone-Paiute cultural page and Eastern Shoshone About page contain undated or broad totals and historical claims that require independent checking; no current population, acreage, or deep-time claim is reused.", "The Shoshone-Bannock and Shoshone-Paiute language evidence here is introductory. Comparative specialist work on Shoshone varieties, Bannock, and Northern Paiute, with each community’s terminology and stewardship preferences, remains needed.", "No community review or endorsement is recorded. No historical map was independently inspected for this batch and none has been newly assigned." ] }, "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-01", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p347-s1", "reason": "Fort Hall's own Culture and History account introduces the shared Shoshone-Bannock community and its regional history." }, { "sourceId": "p347-s6", "reason": "Duck Valley's full public history introduces a distinct Western Shoshone–Northern Paiute community and its relocation, school and government history." }, { "sourceId": "p347-s12", "reason": "Selected pages by Mae Parry add Northwestern Shoshone seasonal and survivor-history perspectives with family and oral-history sources kept attributed." }, { "sourceId": "p347-s10", "reason": "The Eastern Shoshone government's About account shows why Wind River's history must be read separately from Idaho and Northwestern communities." } ], "scopeNote": "Shoshone is a wider grouping of peoples and distinct governments, not one nation-state or a synonym for the Fort Hall government. This Idaho-centered path samples Fort Hall, Duck Valley, Northwestern and Eastern Shoshone perspectives; it is not an exhaustive community list. Parry was read only on pp. 25–26, 34–42, 59–61 and 69–72 in the public book viewer.", "reviewRationale": "The path deliberately uses separate community and community-authored accounts to explain the umbrella's scope rather than asking one government's page to stand for every Shoshone people.", "remainingQuestions": [ "More Nevada, Utah, Idaho and Wyoming community histories, specialist language work and original treaty/claims records remain needed; relocation dates differ among retained sources.", "The archival photograph is catalogued only as Shoshone; individual names, exact location and band or government identity are unestablished." ], "imageRecordId": "shoshone-osullivan-met-1867-72", "reviewBasis": "Review of existing actual-content source records, retained evidence ledgers and image identification/rights records. No new original-source inspection count, fresh image inspection or comprehensive completion is implied.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false }, "added": false, "slug": "shoshone", "regionGroups": [ "Great Basin", "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-ID", "name": "Idaho", "key": "us-id" }, { "id": "US-NV", "name": "Nevada", "key": "us-nv" }, { "id": "US-UT", "name": "Utah", "key": "us-ut" }, { "id": "US-WY", "name": "Wyoming", "key": "us-wy" } ] }, { "name": "Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Idaho", "overview": "The Shoshone-Bannock Tribes are a joint tribal government at Fort Hall. Their public history and cultural-preservation work introduce a shared community while preserving distinctions between Shoshone and Bannock peoples and languages. This guide follows community-published accounts of land, travel, food resources and the care of language and historical knowledge.", "relationshipNote": "This is an individually named government and community route. Its own publications and the selected institutional sources provide the scoped context below. Broader people-level reading routes are related context, not interchangeable governments, an individual citizenship determination or a boundary claim.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "A joint community and a larger homeland", "text": "The Tribes' historical overview brings Northern Shoshone and Bannock bands into a shared account of seasonal food resources, travel and the Fort Hall reservation. Its ancestral-land discussion extends beyond the modern reservation, and its land-history account describes later reductions. The breadth of that account is not a surveyed boundary. Close relationships and shared institutions also do not make the two peoples interchangeable names.", "sourceIds": [ "p28-about" ] }, { "title": "Tennambo’i, travel and food places", "text": "A 2024 guest essay by the Tribes' Language and Cultural Preservation Department explains Tennambo'i, the lava-flow country now within Craters of the Moon. It connects place names and routes with salmon fishing, buffalo hunting, camas and wild-carrot gathering. The department describes collaboration on public interpretation and efforts against invasive grass threatening camas habitat. These are community perspectives on particular places and work.", "sourceIds": [ "p28-tennamboi" ] }, { "title": "Teaching and preserving public history", "text": "The preservation department describes teaching both Bannock and Shoshone, recording oral histories, preserving documents and family histories, and supporting museum and historical work. It also identifies responsibilities toward confidential or sensitive knowledge. The guide uses only publicly shared descriptions. The departmental page records an institutional approach; changing class times, personnel and access arrangements need a fresh check before a visit or enrollment decision.", "sourceIds": [ "p28-language" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p28-about", "title": "About: Shoshone-Bannock Tribes — culture and history", "publisher": "Shoshone-Bannock Tribes", "url": "https://www.sbtribes.com/about/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Homelands", "History" ], "annotation": "Tribal historical overview, especially “Culture and History” and the reservation discussion. Explains the shared community’s composition, food resources, travel, and land reduction. Undated; its broad regional account is not a map of exclusively Bannock territory.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p28-tennamboi", "title": "Embracing Tennambo’i: The Shoshone-Bannock Tribes’ Connection to Craters of the Moon", "publisher": "Shoshone-Bannock Tribes Language and Cultural Preservation Department / National Park Service", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/crmo/planyourvisit/embracing-tennambo-i.htm", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Homelands", "Culture", "Stewardship" ], "annotation": "Tribal department’s guest essay, updated September 25, 2024. Explains place names, ancestral travel, interpretive collaboration, and camas habitat restoration. This is an explicitly tribal-authored perspective hosted by the park, not an anonymous federal summary.", "publicationDate": "2024-09-25", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p28-language", "title": "Language and Cultural Preservation", "publisher": "Shoshone-Bannock Tribes", "url": "https://www.sbtribes.com/language-culture/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Culture", "Archives" ], "annotation": "Substantive departmental account of instruction, archives, historical research, oral-history recording, museum work, and protection of sensitive knowledge. Undated; class times, personnel, and visitor details require a fresh check before use. Programs serve the shared Shoshone-Bannock community.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-19" } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-id/tribal-lands", "publisher": "United States Attorney’s Office, District of Idaho", "scope": "Actual Tribal Lands main body, lines39–43; five named governments located wholly/partly in Idaho. Only names and current regional location used; no historical/territorial or population claims adopted. Page updated November2,2021.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://www.bia.gov/regional-offices/northwest/tribes-served", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs, Northwest Regional Office", "scope": "Actual Tribes Served list, lines12–29; exact government labels for Coeur d’Alene, Fort Hall, Kootenai and Nez Perce entries. Regional agency listing does not itself establish a homeland or cultural affiliation.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 28, 347 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Compare treaty promises, relocation chronology and later land reductions with underlying records.", "Review current constitutional amendments and program access before making present legal or service claims.", "Add wider family, artistic and foodways accounts; no present language census or program-outcome evaluation is supplied." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A compact source-led introduction to this named government. Selected public sources provide useful orientation, with limited voices, historical coverage and outcome evaluation; no comprehensive completion or community endorsement is claimed.", "remainingLimits": [ "Compare treaty promises, relocation chronology and later land reductions with underlying records.", "Review current constitutional amendments and program access before making present legal or service claims.", "Add wider family, artistic and foodways accounts; no present language census or program-outcome evaluation is supplied." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p28-about", "p28-tennamboi", "p28-language" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Community-specific starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "p28-about", "origin": { "originalId": 28, "profile": "Bannock", "date": "2026-10-19" }, "inspectionBasis": "Reused exact prior source object, original review date and annotation/scope; no fresh original-source inspection claimed.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "scopeIfNoSeparateField": "Tribal historical overview, especially “Culture and History” and the reservation discussion. Explains the shared community’s composition, food resources, travel, and land reduction. Undated; its broad regional account is not a map of exclusively Bannock territory." }, { "sourceId": "p28-tennamboi", "origin": { "originalId": 28, "profile": "Bannock", "date": "2026-10-19" }, "inspectionBasis": "Reused exact prior source object, original review date and annotation/scope; no fresh original-source inspection claimed.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "scopeIfNoSeparateField": "Tribal department’s guest essay, updated September 25, 2024. Explains place names, ancestral travel, interpretive collaboration, and camas habitat restoration. This is an explicitly tribal-authored perspective hosted by the park, not an anonymous federal summary." }, { "sourceId": "p28-language", "origin": { "originalId": 28, "profile": "Bannock", "date": "2026-10-19" }, "inspectionBasis": "Reused exact prior source object, original review date and annotation/scope; no fresh original-source inspection claimed.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "scopeIfNoSeparateField": "Substantive departmental account of instruction, archives, historical research, oral-history recording, museum work, and protection of sensitive knowledge. Undated; class times, personnel, and visitor details require a fresh check before use. Programs serve the shared Shoshone-Bannock community." } ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-02", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p28-about", "reason": "Begin with the joint government's history and reservation context." }, { "sourceId": "p28-tennamboi", "reason": "Read a Tribal department's place-based essay rather than only outside description." }, { "sourceId": "p28-language", "reason": "Find the Tribes' own explanation of teaching, archives and cultural preservation." } ], "scopeNote": "Named government route; nearby people-level profiles remain related reading rather than interchangeable identities. Review dates and selected-content limits are preserved.", "reviewBasis": "Prior actual-content source records reused with explicit provenance; Nez Perce sources newly inspected on the package date. Picture review is recorded separately.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Compare treaty promises, relocation chronology and later land reductions with underlying records.", "Review current constitutional amendments and program access before making present legal or service claims.", "Add wider family, artistic and foodways accounts; no present language census or program-outcome evaluation is supplied." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "imageRecordId": "shoshone-bannock-george-lavatta-nara-298656" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "A community-specific starting guide reuses selected earlier actual-content reviews with their original dates/scopes. It does not add new global works merely because a URL appears on this route. Picture identification/rights are separate from historical adequacy or community endorsement." ], "identityVerificationNote": "Individually named Idaho government in the inspected federal directory. This name-only pass does not determine a broader people/language affiliation or make it synonymous with an existing people-level route.", "slug": "shoshonebannock-tribes-of-the-fort-hall-reservation", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-ID", "name": "Idaho", "key": "us-id" } ] }, { "name": "Shoshone-Paiute Tribes", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Idaho", "overview": "The Shoshone-Paiute Tribes are the joint government of the Duck Valley Indian Reservation, which spans Idaho and Nevada. The Tribes' history identifies Western Shoshone and Northern Paiute descendants in this community. Its public account, a historical constitution and a federal water-settlement statement offer a focused introduction to Duck Valley rather than all Shoshone or Paiute peoples.", "relationshipNote": "This is an individually named government and community route. Its own publications and the selected institutional sources provide the scoped context below. Broader people-level reading routes are related context, not interchangeable governments, an individual citizenship determination or a boundary claim.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Duck Valley’s community history", "text": "The Tribes' Cultural Department distinguishes the reservation's establishment in 1877 from expansions in 1886 and 1910. It recounts movement, schooling and resistance to a proposed relocation to Fort Hall. Its narrative keeps the shared Western Shoshone and Northern Paiute community visible. Undated membership and acreage totals are omitted here, and its account is attributed to the Tribes rather than presented as an independently reconstructed history.", "sourceIds": [ "p255-s4" ] }, { "title": "Reading the 1936 constitution historically", "text": "A public transcription of the 1936 constitution and bylaws names the joint Tribes and sets out a business council, territorial jurisdiction, land provisions and an amendment process. Its certification distinguishes a March 21 ratification vote from April 20 approval. The transcription has apparent errors; neither it nor its original date establishes present citizenship rules or all later amendments.", "sourceIds": [ "p255-s5" ] }, { "title": "Water settlement and a later proposal", "text": "The Interior Department's H.R. 1869 statement describes the 2009 Duck Valley water-rights settlement and a proposed correction about trust-fund interest. It places the reservation on both sides of the Idaho–Nevada border. This is a dated federal legislative position about one settlement issue, not the Tribes' full water history. The inspected statement does not establish subsequent enactment, implementation or present outcomes.", "sourceIds": [ "p255-s6" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p255-s4", "action": "add", "title": "Our History — Cultural Department", "publisher": "Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Indian Reservation", "url": "https://shopaitribes.org/cultural-department/", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Complete visible history body, lines43–61, read October23. Linked history videos were not played and photographs not reused.", "annotation": "The joint government identifies Western Shoshone and Northern Paiute descendants at Duck Valley and recounts reservation creation/expansion, resistance to relocation, schooling and constitutional organization. This is its institutional history, not a uniform history of all Northern Paiute communities. Undated membership and present-program figures are not used.", "type": "Indigenous-led / community government history", "topics": [] }, { "id": "p255-s5", "action": "add", "title": "Constitution and Bylaws of the Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation, approved April20,1936", "publisher": "1936 Government Printing Office text transcribed by University of Oklahoma Native American Constitution and Law Digitization Project", "url": "https://thorpe.law.ou.edu/IRA/duckcons.html", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Complete HTML transcription including constitution articlesI–X, bylawsI–VI and adoption/approval certification, lines53–266. Original scan and amendments not inspected.", "annotation": "Historical governing instrument identifying the joint Tribes, territorial jurisdiction, council powers, land provisions and amendment process. Its adoption certification dates the vote to March21,1936 and approval to April20. The transcription contains apparent errors; do not silently correct its text or present 1936 provisions as verified current law.", "type": "Government / historical primary legal document", "topics": [] }, { "id": "p255-s6", "action": "add", "title": "H.R.1869 — statement on Duck Valley water-rights settlement technical correction", "publisher": "U.S. Department of the Interior, Secretary’s Indian Water Rights Office", "url": "https://www.doi.gov/ocl/hr-1869", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Complete statement for the record, lines34–65. Bill enactment, later implementation and underlying settlement instruments not independently reviewed.", "annotation": "Federal account of the joint Tribes’ Idaho/Nevada water-rights settlement and a proposed trust-fund interest correction. Useful for separating the 2009 settlement from a later legislative proposal. The Department’s support is a policy position, not proof of enactment or successful implementation.", "type": "Government / primary congressional statement", "topics": [] } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-id/tribal-lands", "publisher": "United States Attorney’s Office, District of Idaho", "scope": "Actual Tribal Lands main body, lines39–43; five named governments located wholly/partly in Idaho. Only names and current regional location used; no historical/territorial or population claims adopted. Page updated November2,2021.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 255, 347 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Compare the public history with original executive orders and broader community voices.", "Review original constitutional scans, later amendments and current tribal law before making legal claims.", "Check the later legislative and implementation record before describing present settlement outcomes." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A compact source-led introduction to this named government. Selected public sources provide useful orientation, with limited voices, historical coverage and outcome evaluation; no comprehensive completion or community endorsement is claimed.", "remainingLimits": [ "Compare the public history with original executive orders and broader community voices.", "Review original constitutional scans, later amendments and current tribal law before making legal claims.", "Check the later legislative and implementation record before describing present settlement outcomes." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p255-s4", "p255-s5", "p255-s6" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Community-specific starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "p255-s4", "origin": { "draft": "work/northern-paiute-reviewed-draft-20261024.json", "originalId": 255, "profile": "Northern Paiute", "date": "2026-10-23" }, "inspectionBasis": "Reused exact prior source object, original review date and annotation/scope; no fresh original-source inspection claimed.", "sourceObjectPreserved": false, "scopeIfNoSeparateField": "Complete visible history body, lines43–61, read October23. Linked history videos were not played and photographs not reused.", "originalContentFieldsPreserved": true, "normalizations": { "type": "Indigenous-led / community government history", "reason": "Supply publisher-based perspective classification; the staged source lacked type and would otherwise default to Academic / reference. Original date, scope, annotation and content fields remain." } }, { "sourceId": "p255-s5", "origin": { "draft": "work/northern-paiute-reviewed-draft-20261024.json", "originalId": 255, "profile": "Northern Paiute", "date": "2026-10-23" }, "inspectionBasis": "Reused exact prior source object, original review date and annotation/scope; no fresh original-source inspection claimed.", "sourceObjectPreserved": false, "scopeIfNoSeparateField": "Complete HTML transcription including constitution articlesI–X, bylawsI–VI and adoption/approval certification, lines53–266. Original scan and amendments not inspected.", "originalContentFieldsPreserved": true, "normalizations": { "type": "Government / historical primary legal document", "reason": "Supply publisher-based perspective classification; the staged source lacked type and would otherwise default to Academic / reference. Original date, scope, annotation and content fields remain." } }, { "sourceId": "p255-s6", "origin": { "draft": "work/northern-paiute-reviewed-draft-20261024.json", "originalId": 255, "profile": "Northern Paiute", "date": "2026-10-23" }, "inspectionBasis": "Reused exact prior source object, original review date and annotation/scope; no fresh original-source inspection claimed.", "sourceObjectPreserved": false, "scopeIfNoSeparateField": "Complete statement for the record, lines34–65. Bill enactment, later implementation and underlying settlement instruments not independently reviewed.", "originalContentFieldsPreserved": true, "normalizations": { "type": "Government / primary congressional statement", "reason": "Supply publisher-based perspective classification; the staged source lacked type and would otherwise default to Academic / reference. Original date, scope, annotation and content fields remain." } } ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-02", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p255-s4", "reason": "Start with the joint Tribes' own Duck Valley history." }, { "sourceId": "p255-s5", "reason": "Read the historical primary governing text with transcription and date limits." }, { "sourceId": "p255-s6", "reason": "Separate a particular federal settlement account from a later legislative proposal." } ], "scopeNote": "Named government route; nearby people-level profiles remain related reading rather than interchangeable identities. Review dates and selected-content limits are preserved.", "reviewBasis": "Prior actual-content source records reused with explicit provenance; Nez Perce sources newly inspected on the package date. Picture review is recorded separately.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Compare the public history with original executive orders and broader community voices.", "Review original constitutional scans, later amendments and current tribal law before making legal claims.", "Check the later legislative and implementation record before describing present settlement outcomes." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "imageRecordId": "shoshone-paiute-duck-valley-greenhouses-hedrick-2015" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "A community-specific starting guide reuses selected earlier actual-content reviews with their original dates/scopes. It does not add new global works merely because a URL appears on this route. Picture identification/rights are separate from historical adequacy or community endorsement." ], "identityVerificationNote": "Individually named Idaho government in the inspected federal directory. This name-only pass does not determine a broader people/language affiliation or make it synonymous with an existing people-level route. DOJ explicitly notes the Duck Valley Reservation is shared with Nevada; only Idaho is proposed here because this is the assigned regional list.", "slug": "shoshonepaiute-tribes", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-ID", "name": "Idaho", "key": "us-id" } ] }, { "originalId": 348, "name": "Shuswap", "region": "British Columbia", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Shuswap is an outside name often used for Secwépemc people, also listed separately in the original list.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Shuswap is an outside name often used for Secwépemc people, also listed separately in the original list.", "sourceIds": [ "p348-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-preferred spelling, Secwepemctsín language and Secwépemc sources. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p348-s1", "p348-s2", "p348-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p348-s1", "title": "Our Language | Secwépemc Museum", "publisher": "secwepemcmuseum.ca", "url": "https://secwepemcmuseum.ca/our-mission-about/language/", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Our Language | Secwépemc Museum” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p348-s2", "title": "About the Secwépemc Archives | Secwépemc Museum", "publisher": "secwepemcmuseum.ca", "url": "https://secwepemcmuseum.ca/archives-overview/", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “About the Secwépemc Archives | Secwépemc Museum” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p348-s3", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Shuswap", "publisher": "www2.gov.bc.ca", "url": "https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/farming-natural-resources-and-industry/natural-resource-use/archaeology/forms-publications/aoa_-_williams_lake_forest_district_-_report.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Shuswap” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 337 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "relationshipNote": "The original list preserves this name as an access point. Compare the related entries and community-preferred spellings; overlapping names do not always mean identical political communities.", "added": false, "slug": "shuswap", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "added": true, "name": "Siberian Yupik", "region": "Alaska / St. Lawrence Island / Bering Strait", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Siberian Yupik or St. Lawrence Island Yupik is distinct from Central Alaskan Yup’ik. Its language is associated with Gambell and Savoonga and related communities across the Bering Strait.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Siberian Yupik or St. Lawrence Island Yupik is distinct from Central Alaskan Yup’ik. Its language is associated with Gambell and Savoonga and related communities across the Bering Strait.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Yupik naming without an apostrophe, language documentation, island communities and cross-strait relationships. Start with the annotated sources and compare each publisher’s scope and perspective.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1", "added-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "added-s1", "title": "Languages - Siberian Yupik | Alaska Native Language Center", "publisher": "uaf.edu", "url": "https://www.uaf.edu/anlc/languages-move/siberianyupik.php", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Languages - Siberian Yupik | Alaska Native Language Center” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "added-s2", "title": "A grammatical sketch of Siberian Yupik Eskimo, as spoken on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska", "publisher": "library.alaska.gov", "url": "https://library.alaska.gov/hist/hist_docs/docs/anlm/05265040.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “A grammatical sketch of Siberian Yupik Eskimo, as spoken on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 449 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "slug": "siberian-yupik", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 349, "name": "Siksika", "region": "Great Plains / Alberta", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Siksika Nation is a distinct nation within the Blackfoot Confederacy.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Siksika Nation is a distinct nation within the Blackfoot Confederacy.", "sourceIds": [ "p349-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Siksika-authored history, language, land and contemporary institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p349-s1", "p349-s2", "p349-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p349-s1", "title": "Our History – Siksika Family Services Corporation", "publisher": "siksikafamilyservices.com", "url": "https://www.siksikafamilyservices.com/about/our-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Our History – Siksika Family Services Corporation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p349-s2", "title": "History – Siksika Board of Education", "publisher": "siksikaed.com", "url": "https://siksikaed.com/about-us/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History – Siksika Board of Education” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p349-s3", "title": "About Us – Siksika Nation Public Works", "publisher": "siksikapublicworks.com", "url": "https://www.siksikapublicworks.com/about-us/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “About Us – Siksika Nation Public Works” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 31, 32 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "siksika", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-AB", "name": "Alberta", "key": "ca-ab" } ] }, { "originalId": 350, "name": "Sinkiyone", "region": "California", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Sinkiyone or Sinkyone is a people and language name in northwestern California.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Sinkiyone or Sinkyone is a people and language name in northwestern California.", "sourceIds": [ "p350-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Homelands, language documentation and contemporary descendant-led stewardship. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p350-s1", "p350-s2", "p350-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p350-s1", "title": "About Us — InterTribal Sinkyone Wilderness Council", "publisher": "sinkyone.org", "url": "https://sinkyone.org/about", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “About Us — InterTribal Sinkyone Wilderness Council” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p350-s2", "title": "Donate — InterTribal Sinkyone Wilderness Council", "publisher": "sinkyone.org", "url": "https://sinkyone.org/donate", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Donate — InterTribal Sinkyone Wilderness Council” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p350-s3", "title": "Council Members — InterTribal Sinkyone Wilderness Council", "publisher": "sinkyone.org", "url": "https://sinkyone.org/council-members", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Council Members — InterTribal Sinkyone Wilderness Council” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "sinkiyone", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate of the Lake Traverse Reservation, South Dakota", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "South Dakota", "overview": "Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate of the Lake Traverse Reservation, South Dakota has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "sissetonwahpeton-oyate-of-the-lake-traverse-reservation-south-dakota", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-SD", "name": "South Dakota", "key": "us-sd" } ] }, { "originalId": 351, "name": "Siuslaw", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Oregon", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Siuslaw people have homelands on Oregon’s central coast and continue through contemporary tribal communities.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Siuslaw people have homelands on Oregon’s central coast and continue through contemporary tribal communities.", "sourceIds": [ "p351-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Siuslaw language, coastal histories and confederated government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p351-s1", "p351-s2", "p351-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p351-s1", "title": "History - Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians", "publisher": "ctclusi.org", "url": "https://ctclusi.org/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History - Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p351-s2", "title": "Language - Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians", "publisher": "ctclusi.org", "url": "https://ctclusi.org/languagepublic/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Language - Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p351-s3", "title": "Seeking recognition : the termination and restoration of the Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw Indians, 1855-1984 / David R.M. Beck | Smithsonian Institution", "publisher": "si.edu", "url": "https://www.si.edu/es/object/seeking-recognition-termination-and-restoration-coos-lower-umpqua-and-siuslaw-indians-1855-1984%3Asiris_sil_947108", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Seeking recognition : the termination and restoration of the Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw Indians, 1855-1984 / David R.M. Beck | Smithsonian Institution” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 86 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "siuslaw", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" } ] }, { "originalId": 352, "name": "Skokomish", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Washington", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Skokomish Indian Tribe has homelands in the Hood Canal region. Twana is a related people and language name.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Skokomish Indian Tribe has homelands in the Hood Canal region. Twana is a related people and language name.", "sourceIds": [ "p352-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community naming, Twana language and contemporary tribal history. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p352-s1", "p352-s2", "p352-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p352-s1", "title": "SKOKOMISH TRIBAL CODE", "publisher": "skokomish.org", "url": "https://www.skokomish.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/S.T.C.-1.01.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “SKOKOMISH TRIBAL CODE” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p352-s2", "title": "Tribal Departments - Skokomish Indian Tribe", "publisher": "skokomish.org", "url": "https://skokomish.org/tribal-directory/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Tribal Departments - Skokomish Indian Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p352-s3", "title": "Twana Language and the Twana/Skokomish Indian Tribes (Tuwa'duxqucid, Tuwa'duxq, Tuwaduqutsid, Quilcene, Duhlelap)", "publisher": "native-languages.org", "url": "https://www.native-languages.org/twana.htm", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Twana Language and the Twana/Skokomish Indian Tribes (Tuwa'duxqucid, Tuwa'duxq, Tuwaduqutsid, Quilcene, Duhlelap)” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 414 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "skokomish", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "originalId": 353, "name": "Slavey", "region": "Canada / Subarctic", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Slavey is an outside term used in sources on distinct Dene language and community contexts.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Slavey is an outside term used in sources on distinct Dene language and community contexts.", "sourceIds": [ "p353-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: North and South Slavey terminology, community-preferred names and regional histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p353-s1", "p353-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p353-s1", "title": "South Slavey – Dene Zhatié", "publisher": "ece.gov.nt.ca", "url": "https://www.ece.gov.nt.ca/en/node/1402", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “South Slavey – Dene Zhatié” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p353-s2", "title": "Ressources en dene zhatıé | Éducation, Culture et Formation", "publisher": "ece.gov.nt.ca", "url": "https://www.ece.gov.nt.ca/fr/services/indigenous-language-resources/ressources-en-dene-zhatie", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Ressources en dene zhatıé | Éducation, Culture et Formation” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 99 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "slavey", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska", "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-NT", "name": "Northwest Territories", "key": "ca-nt" } ] }, { "originalId": 354, "name": "Snohomish", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Washington", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Snohomish is a people name in the Puget Sound region, with historical and contemporary community contexts.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Snohomish is a people name in the Puget Sound region, with historical and contemporary community contexts.", "sourceIds": [ "p354-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Lushootseed, local histories and distinct community institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p354-s1", "p354-s2", "p354-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p354-s1", "title": "Language Learning", "publisher": "snohomishtribe.org", "url": "https://snohomishtribe.org/language-learning", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Language Learning” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p354-s2", "title": "History of Snohomish | Snohomish, WA - Official Website", "publisher": "snohomishwa.gov", "url": "https://www.snohomishwa.gov/315/History-of-Snohomish", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “History of Snohomish | Snohomish, WA - Official Website” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p354-s3", "title": "History of Snohomish | Snohomish, WA - Official Website", "publisher": "snohomishwa.gov", "url": "https://www.snohomishwa.gov/315/5128/History-of-Snohomish", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “History of Snohomish | Snohomish, WA - Official Website” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "snohomish", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "originalId": 355, "name": "Snoqualmie", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Washington", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Snoqualmie Indian Tribe has homelands in the Snoqualmie Valley and surrounding region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Snoqualmie Indian Tribe has homelands in the Snoqualmie Valley and surrounding region.", "sourceIds": [ "p355-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Tribe-published history, language, land and contemporary institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p355-s1", "p355-s2", "p355-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p355-s1", "title": "History | Snoqualmie Indian Tribe", "publisher": "snoqualmietribe.us", "url": "https://snoqualmietribe.us/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History | Snoqualmie Indian Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p355-s2", "title": "Language | Snoqualmie Indian Tribe Culture Department", "publisher": "culture.snoqualmietribeweb.us", "url": "https://culture.snoqualmietribeweb.us/language/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Language | Snoqualmie Indian Tribe Culture Department” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p355-s3", "title": "Tribal Codes | Snoqualmie Indian Tribe", "publisher": "snoqualmietribe.us", "url": "https://snoqualmietribe.us/tribal-codes/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Tribal Codes | Snoqualmie Indian Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "snoqualmie", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "name": "Sokaogon Chippewa Community", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Wisconsin, United States — current government listing", "overview": "Sokaogon Chippewa Community is a distinct Ojibwe government also known as the Mole Lake Band. Its public history begins with the community's relationship to Rice Lake and manoomin, or wild rice. It recounts Chief Willard Ackley's work to secure a reservation and presents that struggle as part of the community's continued connection to its homeland. The page combines community memory, historical narrative and a recorded voice that was not transcribed in this review. EPA's 2006 water-quality case study provides a second, dated perspective. It describes the community's development of water-quality standards, monitoring and efforts to protect Rice Lake from a proposed upstream mine, including the 2003 land purchase involving Forest County Potawatomi. The official history and agency case study give differing dates and acreage for reservation establishment; this guide leaves that detail unresolved. A community-developed comprehensive plan identifies the pictured Dinesen-Motzfeldt-Hettinger Log House as a historic asset on the reservation. That former trading-post building illustrates one local historical site, not Sokaogon housing generally or the full community story.", "relationshipNote": "The state roster identifies this named Tribal Nation separately. It does not establish the full history or relationships of every broader reading label.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Rice Lake in the Community account", "text": "The Community's history frames manoomin and Rice Lake as central to local continuity and recalls Chief Ackley's advocacy for a reservation. Exact reservation purchase and recognition chronology remains unresolved across the selected accounts.", "sourceIds": [ "c4-sok-history" ] }, { "title": "Water protection in a dated case study", "text": "EPA's 2006 account describes community discussion, water monitoring and the 2003 purchase connected to the proposed Crandon Mine. It documents one stage of Sokaogon's environmental governance, with Forest County Potawatomi as a distinct partner.", "sourceIds": [ "c4-sok-water" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c4-sok-history", "title": "Our History", "publisher": "Sokaogon Chippewa Community", "url": "https://sokaogonchippewa.com/our-history/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community history", "Rice Lake", "Reservation struggle" ], "annotation": "The Community centers Rice Lake and Chief Willard Ackley's advocacy in its own historical narrative. Reservation dates and acreage differ internally and from EPA; precise land chronology and spiritual detail are not adopted.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual Our History and Chief Willard Ackley body read in rendered full search content. Selected Rice Lake framing and advocacy narrative; linked manuscript and video not read/listened, battle counts and sensitive details excluded.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessLimits": "Public HTML selected body read; linked resources not read unless separately listed." }, { "id": "c4-sok-water", "title": "Case Studies in Tribal Water Quality Standards Programs: The Sokaogon Chippewa Community", "publisher": "U.S. Environmental Protection Agency", "url": "https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2014-11/documents/casestudy-sokaogon.pdf", "type": "Government / primary record", "topics": [ "Water stewardship", "Environmental governance", "Rice Lake" ], "annotation": "A dated agency case study explains community participation, water monitoring and the mine-site purchase. It complements the Community's account without establishing current water conditions, law, staffing or policy effectiveness.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual two-page July 2006 case study read, especially lines 11–16, 23–34 and 47–58. Historical program account only; current legal rules, numerical community claims and spiritual quotation excluded.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessLimits": "Public two-page PDF read; linked standards library and current standards not reviewed." }, { "id": "c4-sok-plan-context", "title": "Comprehensive Plan — Historic & Cultural Assets", "publisher": "Sokaogon Chippewa Community with North Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission", "url": "https://www.ncwrpc.org/wp-content/uploads/Mole-Lake-Comprehensive-Plan-Final-1.23.25.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led / planning partnership", "topics": [ "Photograph context", "Historic assets" ], "annotation": "Supporting context identifies the log house as an asset on the reservation and notes restoration. The plan's full historical, demographic and legal account was not reviewed and is not a selected substantive work.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Title/acknowledgments establish Community development with NCWRPC assistance and completion in 2024; printed page 24, PDF page 27, lines 836–853 read for the log-house relation. Nearby sensitive-site detail excluded.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "accessLimits": "Public 91-page PDF; only acknowledgments and named historic-building passage selected." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://dcf.wisconsin.gov/tribalaffairs/tribalinformation", "publisher": "Wisconsin Department of Children and Families", "title": "Tribal Information — Federally Recognized Tribes in Wisconsin", "scope": "Named in the complete eleven-government list; identity/name check only.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "chippewa" ], "researchGaps": [ "Resolve reservation recognition and land-purchase chronology using community-directed historical research and primary records; selected accounts differ.", "Review present water standards, monitoring results and community evaluations separately from the 2006 agency case study.", "Add deeper community-authored histories and language resources; the linked video and manuscript remain unread." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded collection of actual selected source bodies supports a useful starting guide for this named government. It remains incomplete and does not imply community endorsement.", "remainingLimits": [ "Resolve reservation recognition and land-purchase chronology using community-directed historical research and primary records; selected accounts differ.", "Review present water standards, monitoring results and community evaluations separately from the 2006 agency case study.", "Add deeper community-authored histories and language resources; the linked video and manuscript remain unread." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "c4-sok-history", "c4-sok-water", "c4-sok-plan-context" ], "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-04", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c4-sok-history", "reason": "The Community centers Rice Lake and Chief Willard Ackley's advocacy in its own historical narrative. Reservation dates and acreage differ internally and from EPA; precise land chronology and spiritual detail are not adopted." }, { "sourceId": "c4-sok-water", "reason": "A dated agency case study explains community participation, water monitoring and the mine-site purchase. It complements the Community's account without establishing current water conditions, law, staffing or policy effectiveness." } ], "scopeNote": "Exact named government; broader Ojibwe or Potawatomi histories and related governments remain distinct.", "reviewBasis": "Actual selected bodies read; baseline identification evidence and supporting photograph context are retained separately and do not count as substantive reading.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Resolve reservation recognition and land-purchase chronology using community-directed historical research and primary records; selected accounts differ.", "Review present water standards, monitoring results and community evaluations separately from the 2006 agency case study.", "Add deeper community-authored histories and language resources; the linked video and manuscript remain unread." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "imageRecordId": "sokaogon-log-house-2013" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "sokaogon-chippewa-community", "regionGroups": [ "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WI", "name": "Wisconsin", "key": "us-wi" } ] }, { "originalId": 356, "name": "Southern Paiute", "region": "Southwest / Great Basin", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Southern Paiute refers to distinct communities of the southwestern United States.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Southern Paiute refers to distinct communities of the southwestern United States.", "sourceIds": [ "p356-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Local names, language, land and individual tribal governments. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p356-s1", "p356-s2", "p356-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p356-s1", "title": "Discover the History and Culture of the San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe", "publisher": "sanjuanpaiute-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.sanjuanpaiute-nsn.gov/about", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Discover the History and Culture of the San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p356-s2", "title": "Constitution of The San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe", "publisher": "sanjuanpaiute-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.sanjuanpaiute-nsn.gov/help-article/preamble", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Constitution of The San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p356-s3", "title": "Southern Paiute Cultural History Curriculum Guide", "publisher": "nps.gov", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/common/uploads/teachers/lessonplans/so-paiute-cur-guide-6-9.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Southern Paiute Cultural History Curriculum Guide” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 276, 50 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "southern-paiute", "regionGroups": [ "Great Basin", "Southwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AZ", "name": "Arizona", "key": "us-az" } ] }, { "name": "Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "North Dakota", "overview": "Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "spirit-lake-tribe-north-dakota", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-ND", "name": "North Dakota", "key": "us-nd" } ] }, { "originalId": 357, "name": "Spokane", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Washington", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Spokane Tribe has homelands in the inland Northwest.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Spokane Tribe has homelands in the inland Northwest.", "sourceIds": [ "p357-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Spokane-authored history, language, river relationships and sovereignty. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p357-s1", "p357-s2", "p357-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p357-s1", "title": "History – Spokane Tribe of Indians", "publisher": "spokanetribe.com", "url": "https://www.spokanetribe.com/resources/dnr/preservation/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History – Spokane Tribe of Indians” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p357-s2", "title": "HISTORY – Spokane Tribe of Indians", "publisher": "spokanetribe.com", "url": "https://www.spokanetribe.com/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “HISTORY – Spokane Tribe of Indians” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p357-s3", "title": "Spokane - ILS Reentry", "publisher": "wiki.sos.wa.gov", "url": "https://wiki.sos.wa.gov/ILSRe-entry/index.php?title=Spokane", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Spokane - ILS Reentry” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "spokane", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "originalId": 358, "name": "Squamish", "region": "British Columbia", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw or Squamish Nation has homelands in southwestern British Columbia.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw or Squamish Nation has homelands in southwestern British Columbia.", "sourceIds": [ "p358-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-preferred naming, language, territorial history and government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p358-s1", "p358-s2", "p358-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p358-s1", "title": "Our History - Squamish Nation", "publisher": "squamish.net", "url": "https://www.squamish.net/about-our-nation/our-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Our History - Squamish Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p358-s2", "title": "Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Sníchim - Squamish Nation", "publisher": "squamish.net", "url": "https://www.squamish.net/divisions/territory-culture-services/language-cultural-affairs/skwxwu7mesh-snichim/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Sníchim - Squamish Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p358-s3", "title": "Squamish Nation Annual Report 2022/2023", "publisher": "reports.squamish.net", "url": "https://reports.squamish.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Squamish-Nation-Annual-Report-2022-2023-SECURED.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Squamish Nation Annual Report 2022/2023” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "researchLeads": [ { "url": "https://www.squamish.net/about-our-nation/", "title": "Squamish Nation. About Our Nation.", "documentKey": "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Squamish history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Squamish study. Distinguish Squamish people, Squamish Nation government, language and town; neighboring nations and shared institutions are not aliases. Original publications and cultural/access limits require review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Owner-supplied bibliography; bibliographic identification not independently checked.", "linkNote": "Source content, relevance, reader access and reuse permissions are not independently checked by extraction." }, { "url": "https://www.squamish.net/about-our-nation/our-land/", "title": "Squamish Nation. Our Land.", "documentKey": "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Squamish history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Squamish study. Distinguish Squamish people, Squamish Nation government, language and town; neighboring nations and shared institutions are not aliases. Original publications and cultural/access limits require review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Owner-supplied bibliography; bibliographic identification not independently checked.", "linkNote": "Source content, relevance, reader access and reuse permissions are not independently checked by extraction." }, { "url": "https://www.squamish.net/about-our-nation/our-history/", "title": "Squamish Nation. Our History.", "documentKey": "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Squamish history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Squamish study. Distinguish Squamish people, Squamish Nation government, language and town; neighboring nations and shared institutions are not aliases. Original publications and cultural/access limits require review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Owner-supplied bibliography; bibliographic identification not independently checked.", "linkNote": "Source content, relevance, reader access and reuse permissions are not independently checked by extraction." }, { "url": "https://archpress.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/archpress/catalog/download/41/13/579?inline=1", "title": "Rudy Reimer. Alpine Archaeology and Oral Traditions of the Squamish.", "documentKey": "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Squamish history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Squamish study. Distinguish Squamish people, Squamish Nation government, language and town; neighboring nations and shared institutions are not aliases. Original publications and cultural/access limits require review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Owner-supplied bibliography; bibliographic identification not independently checked.", "linkNote": "Source content, relevance, reader access and reuse permissions are not independently checked by extraction." }, { "url": "https://www.squamish.net/about-our-nation/our-culture/", "title": "Squamish Nation. Our Culture.", "documentKey": "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Squamish history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Squamish study. Distinguish Squamish people, Squamish Nation government, language and town; neighboring nations and shared institutions are not aliases. Original publications and cultural/access limits require review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Owner-supplied bibliography; bibliographic identification not independently checked.", "linkNote": "Source content, relevance, reader access and reuse permissions are not independently checked by extraction." }, { "url": "https://www.squamish.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Skwxwu7mesh-Uxwumixw_HeritagePolicy_2021.pdf", "title": "Squamish Nation. Heritage Policy 2021.", "documentKey": "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Squamish history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Squamish study. Distinguish Squamish people, Squamish Nation government, language and town; neighboring nations and shared institutions are not aliases. Original publications and cultural/access limits require review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Owner-supplied bibliography; bibliographic identification not independently checked.", "linkNote": "Source content, relevance, reader access and reuse permissions are not independently checked by extraction." }, { "url": "https://www.squamish.net/about-our-nation/our-values/", "title": "Squamish Nation. Our Values.", "documentKey": "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Squamish history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Squamish study. Distinguish Squamish people, Squamish Nation government, language and town; neighboring nations and shared institutions are not aliases. Original publications and cultural/access limits require review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Owner-supplied bibliography; bibliographic identification not independently checked.", "linkNote": "Source content, relevance, reader access and reuse permissions are not independently checked by extraction." }, { "url": "https://www.squamish.net/about-our-nation/our-language/", "title": "Squamish Nation. Our Language.", "documentKey": "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Squamish history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Squamish study. Distinguish Squamish people, Squamish Nation government, language and town; neighboring nations and shared institutions are not aliases. Original publications and cultural/access limits require review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Owner-supplied bibliography; bibliographic identification not independently checked.", "linkNote": "Source content, relevance, reader access and reuse permissions are not independently checked by extraction." }, { "url": "https://slcc.ca/the-history-of-blankets-their-present-use-by-squamish-lilwat-nations/", "title": "Squamish Lil’wat Cultural Centre. The history of blankets and their present use by Squamish and Lil’wat Nations.", "documentKey": "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Squamish history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Squamish study. Distinguish Squamish people, Squamish Nation government, language and town; neighboring nations and shared institutions are not aliases. Original publications and cultural/access limits require review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Owner-supplied bibliography; bibliographic identification not independently checked.", "linkNote": "Source content, relevance, reader access and reuse permissions are not independently checked by extraction." }, { "url": "https://slcc.ca/facts-faqs/", "title": "Squamish Lil’wat Cultural Centre. Facts and FAQs.", "documentKey": "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Squamish history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Squamish study. Distinguish Squamish people, Squamish Nation government, language and town; neighboring nations and shared institutions are not aliases. Original publications and cultural/access limits require review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Owner-supplied bibliography; bibliographic identification not independently checked.", "linkNote": "Source content, relevance, reader access and reuse permissions are not independently checked by extraction." }, { "url": "https://opentextbc.ca/postconfederation2e/chapter/11-6-living-with-treaties/", "title": "John Douglas Belshaw. Living with Treaties.", "documentKey": "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Squamish history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Squamish study. Distinguish Squamish people, Squamish Nation government, language and town; neighboring nations and shared institutions are not aliases. Original publications and cultural/access limits require review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Owner-supplied bibliography; bibliographic identification not independently checked.", "linkNote": "Source content, relevance, reader access and reuse permissions are not independently checked by extraction." }, { "url": "https://monova.ca/education/history/", "title": "MONOVA North Vancouver Museum and Archives. North Van History Highlights.", "documentKey": "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Squamish history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Squamish study. Distinguish Squamish people, Squamish Nation government, language and town; neighboring nations and shared institutions are not aliases. Original publications and cultural/access limits require review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Owner-supplied bibliography; bibliographic identification not independently checked.", "linkNote": "Source content, relevance, reader access and reuse permissions are not independently checked by extraction." }, { "url": "https://www.historylink.org/File/5100", "title": "Greg Lange. Smallpox epidemic ravages Native Americans on the northwest coast of North America in the 1770s.", "documentKey": "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Squamish history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Squamish study. Distinguish Squamish people, Squamish Nation government, language and town; neighboring nations and shared institutions are not aliases. Original publications and cultural/access limits require review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Owner-supplied bibliography; bibliographic identification not independently checked.", "linkNote": "Source content, relevance, reader access and reuse permissions are not independently checked by extraction." }, { "url": "https://lltjournal.ca/index.php/llt/article/download/5955/6847?inline=1", "title": "Fred Burrill. The Settler Order Framework Rethinking Canadian Working Class History.", "documentKey": "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Squamish history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Squamish study. Distinguish Squamish people, Squamish Nation government, language and town; neighboring nations and shared institutions are not aliases. Original publications and cultural/access limits require review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Owner-supplied bibliography; bibliographic identification not independently checked.", "linkNote": "Source content, relevance, reader access and reuse permissions are not independently checked by extraction." }, { "url": "https://ojs.library.ubc.ca/index.php/bcstudies/article/view/198880", "title": "Mayana C Slobodian. The Kitsilano Scandal The Destruction of Sen̓áḵw As Told in Local Newspapers 1913 to 1916.", "documentKey": "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Squamish history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Squamish study. Distinguish Squamish people, Squamish Nation government, language and town; neighboring nations and shared institutions are not aliases. Original publications and cultural/access limits require review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Owner-supplied bibliography; bibliographic identification not independently checked.", "linkNote": "Source content, relevance, reader access and reuse permissions are not independently checked by extraction." }, { "url": "https://www.squamish.net/about-our-nation/amalgamation-day/", "title": "Squamish Nation. Amalgamation Day.", "documentKey": "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Squamish history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Squamish study. Distinguish Squamish people, Squamish Nation government, language and town; neighboring nations and shared institutions are not aliases. Original publications and cultural/access limits require review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Owner-supplied bibliography; bibliographic identification not independently checked.", "linkNote": "Source content, relevance, reader access and reuse permissions are not independently checked by extraction." }, { "url": "https://ojs.library.ubc.ca/index.php/bcstudies/article/view/275", "title": "Brendan F R Edwards. I Have Lots of Help Behind Me Lots of Books to Convince You Andrew Paull and the Value of Literacy in English.", "documentKey": "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Squamish history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Squamish study. Distinguish Squamish people, Squamish Nation government, language and town; neighboring nations and shared institutions are not aliases. Original publications and cultural/access limits require review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Owner-supplied bibliography; bibliographic identification not independently checked.", "linkNote": "Source content, relevance, reader access and reuse permissions are not independently checked by extraction." }, { "url": "https://www.vancouverarchives.ca/2012/07/27/conversations-with-khahtsahlano-is-available-online/", "title": "Sue Bigelow City of Vancouver Archives. Conversations with Khahtsahlano is available online.", "documentKey": "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Squamish history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Squamish study. Distinguish Squamish people, Squamish Nation government, language and town; neighboring nations and shared institutions are not aliases. Original publications and cultural/access limits require review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Owner-supplied bibliography; bibliographic identification not independently checked.", "linkNote": "Source content, relevance, reader access and reuse permissions are not independently checked by extraction." }, { "url": "https://nctr.ca/residential-schools/british-columbia/st-pauls-squamish/", "title": "National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation. St Paul’s Residential School Squamish.", "documentKey": "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Squamish history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Squamish study. Distinguish Squamish people, Squamish Nation government, language and town; neighboring nations and shared institutions are not aliases. Original publications and cultural/access limits require review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Owner-supplied bibliography; bibliographic identification not independently checked.", "linkNote": "Source content, relevance, reader access and reuse permissions are not independently checked by extraction." }, { "url": "https://www.squamish.net/community-initiatives/yuusnewas/", "title": "Squamish Nation. Yúusnew̓as.", "documentKey": "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Squamish history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Squamish study. Distinguish Squamish people, Squamish Nation government, language and town; neighboring nations and shared institutions are not aliases. Original publications and cultural/access limits require review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Owner-supplied bibliography; bibliographic identification not independently checked.", "linkNote": "Source content, relevance, reader access and reuse permissions are not independently checked by extraction." }, { "url": "https://www.sfu.ca/fass/news/2017/02/new-cohort-of-squamish-speakers-hopes-to-revitalize-language/", "title": "Simon Fraser University. New cohort of Squamish speakers hopes to revitalize language.", "documentKey": "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Squamish history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Squamish study. Distinguish Squamish people, Squamish Nation government, language and town; neighboring nations and shared institutions are not aliases. Original publications and cultural/access limits require review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Owner-supplied bibliography; bibliographic identification not independently checked.", "linkNote": "Source content, relevance, reader access and reuse permissions are not independently checked by extraction." }, { "url": "https://www.sfu.ca/vancity-office-community-engagement/library/2017/truth-and-reclamation-squamish-language.html", "title": "Simon Fraser University. Truth and Reclamation Squamish Language.", "documentKey": "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Squamish history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Squamish study. Distinguish Squamish people, Squamish Nation government, language and town; neighboring nations and shared institutions are not aliases. Original publications and cultural/access limits require review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Owner-supplied bibliography; bibliographic identification not independently checked.", "linkNote": "Source content, relevance, reader access and reuse permissions are not independently checked by extraction." }, { "url": "https://slcc.ca/about/", "title": "Squamish Lil’wat Cultural Centre. About Us.", "documentKey": "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Squamish history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Squamish study. Distinguish Squamish people, Squamish Nation government, language and town; neighboring nations and shared institutions are not aliases. Original publications and cultural/access limits require review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Owner-supplied bibliography; bibliographic identification not independently checked.", "linkNote": "Source content, relevance, reader access and reuse permissions are not independently checked by extraction." }, { "url": "https://www.squamish.net/partnerships-entities/partnerships/senakw/", "title": "Squamish Nation. Sen̓áḵw.", "documentKey": "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Squamish history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Squamish study. Distinguish Squamish people, Squamish Nation government, language and town; neighboring nations and shared institutions are not aliases. Original publications and cultural/access limits require review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Owner-supplied bibliography; bibliographic identification not independently checked.", "linkNote": "Source content, relevance, reader access and reuse permissions are not independently checked by extraction." }, { "url": "https://slcc.ca/exhibits/amalgamation/", "title": "Squamish Lil’wat Cultural Centre. 100 Years of Unity.", "documentKey": "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Squamish history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Squamish study. Distinguish Squamish people, Squamish Nation government, language and town; neighboring nations and shared institutions are not aliases. Original publications and cultural/access limits require review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Owner-supplied bibliography; bibliographic identification not independently checked.", "linkNote": "Source content, relevance, reader access and reuse permissions are not independently checked by extraction." }, { "url": "https://www.squamish.net/divisions/territory-culture-services/language-cultural-affairs/", "title": "Squamish Nation. Language and Cultural Affairs.", "documentKey": "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Squamish history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Squamish study. Distinguish Squamish people, Squamish Nation government, language and town; neighboring nations and shared institutions are not aliases. Original publications and cultural/access limits require review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Owner-supplied bibliography; bibliographic identification not independently checked.", "linkNote": "Source content, relevance, reader access and reuse permissions are not independently checked by extraction." }, { "url": "https://nctr.ca/education/residential-school-history/", "title": "National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation. Residential School History.", "documentKey": "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Squamish history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Squamish study. Distinguish Squamish people, Squamish Nation government, language and town; neighboring nations and shared institutions are not aliases. Original publications and cultural/access limits require review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Owner-supplied bibliography; bibliographic identification not independently checked.", "linkNote": "Source content, relevance, reader access and reuse permissions are not independently checked by extraction." } ], "studyKeys": [ "Squamish_History_Culture_and_Timeline" ], "added": false, "slug": "squamish", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 359, "name": "Squaxin Island", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Washington", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Squaxin Island Tribe is a contemporary nation in the southern Puget Sound region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Squaxin Island Tribe is a contemporary nation in the southern Puget Sound region.", "sourceIds": [ "p359-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Constituent inlet communities, Lushootseed and nation-published history. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p359-s1", "p359-s2", "p359-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p359-s1", "title": "History | Squaxin Island Museum Library and Research Center", "publisher": "squaxinislandmuseum.org", "url": "https://squaxinislandmuseum.org/culture/history/", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “History | Squaxin Island Museum Library and Research Center” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p359-s2", "title": "Visit | Squaxin Island Museum Library and Research Center", "publisher": "squaxinislandmuseum.org", "url": "https://squaxinislandmuseum.org/visit-us/", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Visit | Squaxin Island Museum Library and Research Center” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p359-s3", "title": "Squaxin Island - ILS Reentry", "publisher": "wiki.sos.wa.gov", "url": "https://wiki.sos.wa.gov/ILSRe-entry/index.php?title=Squaxin_Island", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Squaxin Island - ILS Reentry” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "squaxin-island", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "name": "St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Wisconsin, United States — current government listing", "overview": "St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin is a distinct Ojibwe government whose public history situates the community along the St. Croix River. Its account emphasizes continuity across generations and identifies constitutional organization in 1939 as a milestone. The page also describes public history work through archives, oral histories and education. This introductory chronology leaves many questions open; its 1805 treaty entry requires further checking and is not used here. The government's Environmental and Natural Resources Department offers a second starting path. It describes work across water, land, air and culturally significant resources, including monitoring, habitat management and community education. Its explanation of grant-supported programs also helps readers see resource care as ongoing institutional work. These statements identify departmental priorities, not independently measured environmental results or present legal rules. The photograph shows the St. Croix Casino in Danbury, specifically identified by its photographic record as operated by this government. It illustrates one community enterprise at a particular date and should not stand for the whole people, their culture or the wider St. Croix River region.", "relationshipNote": "The state roster identifies this named Tribal Nation separately. It does not establish the full history or relationships of every broader reading label.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "An initial community chronology", "text": "The government locates its history in the St. Croix River Valley and dates constitutional organization to 1939. It describes archives and oral-history work as ways of carrying history forward. Treaty chronology needs fuller primary-record review.", "sourceIds": [ "c4-sc-history" ] }, { "title": "Resource care as ongoing work", "text": "The department outlines water, land, air and habitat work alongside monitoring and public education. Its discussion of grant funding distinguishes continuing programs from shorter projects, making program continuity a useful question for further research.", "sourceIds": [ "c4-sc-resources" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c4-sc-history", "title": "Our Journey Through Generations — History", "publisher": "St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin", "url": "https://stcroixojibwe-nsn.gov/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community history", "Public history", "Government history" ], "annotation": "The government's brief chronology and public-history description provide a first orientation. Its 1805 St. Peters/Ojibwe entry needs checking and is excluded; the page cannot carry a detailed treaty history alone.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual History body lines 102–154 read; selected river connection, 1939 organization and archives/education. 1805 treaty entry, sensitive-site categories and gallery images are not adopted.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessLimits": "Public HTML selected body read; linked resources not read unless separately listed." }, { "id": "c4-sc-resources", "title": "Environmental & Natural Resources", "publisher": "St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin", "url": "https://stcroixojibwe-nsn.gov/department/environmental-natural-resources/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Environmental stewardship", "Community institutions", "Monitoring" ], "annotation": "The department explains its grant-supported work and resource-management priorities. This governmental self-description is useful for orientation; linked ordinances, current staffing, operational results and legal requirements were not verified.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual rendered body read from purpose through department priorities/highlights: funding, management, protection, monitoring and education. Directory biographies and linked regulations, water reports and health materials excluded.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessLimits": "Public current body returned in search rendering; direct opens timed out twice. Selected body was read, not inferred from the page title." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://dcf.wisconsin.gov/tribalaffairs/tribalinformation", "publisher": "Wisconsin Department of Children and Families", "title": "Tribal Information — Federally Recognized Tribes in Wisconsin", "scope": "Named in the complete eleven-government list; identity/name check only.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "chippewa" ], "researchGaps": [ "Check the brief timeline against community-focused scholarship and original treaties, especially the unexplained 1805 entry.", "Review resource-program reports and environmental outcomes rather than treating mission statements as results.", "Add deeper community-authored histories and language reading; do not substitute other Ojibwe or St. Croix governments." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded collection of actual selected source bodies supports a useful starting guide for this named government. It remains incomplete and does not imply community endorsement.", "remainingLimits": [ "Check the brief timeline against community-focused scholarship and original treaties, especially the unexplained 1805 entry.", "Review resource-program reports and environmental outcomes rather than treating mission statements as results.", "Add deeper community-authored histories and language reading; do not substitute other Ojibwe or St. Croix governments." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "c4-sc-history", "c4-sc-resources" ], "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-04", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c4-sc-history", "reason": "The government's brief chronology and public-history description provide a first orientation. Its 1805 St. Peters/Ojibwe entry needs checking and is excluded; the page cannot carry a detailed treaty history alone." }, { "sourceId": "c4-sc-resources", "reason": "The department explains its grant-supported work and resource-management priorities. This governmental self-description is useful for orientation; linked ordinances, current staffing, operational results and legal requirements were not verified." } ], "scopeNote": "Exact named government; broader Ojibwe or Potawatomi histories and related governments remain distinct.", "reviewBasis": "Actual selected bodies read; baseline identification evidence and supporting photograph context are retained separately and do not count as substantive reading.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Check the brief timeline against community-focused scholarship and original treaties, especially the unexplained 1805 entry.", "Review resource-program reports and environmental outcomes rather than treating mission statements as results.", "Add deeper community-authored histories and language reading; do not substitute other Ojibwe or St. Croix governments." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "imageRecordId": "st-croix-danbury-casino-2018" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "st-croix-chippewa-indians-of-wisconsin", "regionGroups": [ "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WI", "name": "Wisconsin", "key": "us-wi" } ] }, { "added": true, "name": "Stillaguamish", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Washington", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Stillaguamish Tribe has enduring relationships with its river homeland in western Washington.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Stillaguamish Tribe has enduring relationships with its river homeland in western Washington.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Tribe-published history, language, land and contemporary institutions. Start with the annotated sources and compare each publisher’s scope and perspective.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1", "added-s2", "added-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "added-s1", "title": "Our History - Stillaguamish Tribe", "url": "https://www.stillaguamish.com/our-history/", "publisher": "stillaguamish.com", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "added-s2", "title": "FAQs - Stillaguamish Tribe", "publisher": "stillaguamish.com", "url": "https://www.stillaguamish.com/our-history/faqs/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “FAQs - Stillaguamish Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "added-s3", "title": "Stillaguamish - ILS Reentry", "publisher": "wiki.sos.wa.gov", "url": "https://wiki.sos.wa.gov/ILSRe-entry/index.php?title=Stillaguamish", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Stillaguamish - ILS Reentry” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 354 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "slug": "stillaguamish", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "originalId": 361, "name": "Stó:lō", "region": "British Columbia / Fraser Valley", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Stó:lō is a wider peoplehood connecting distinct communities of the lower Fraser River region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Stó:lō is a wider peoplehood connecting distinct communities of the lower Fraser River region.", "sourceIds": [ "p361-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Halq’eméylem, river relationships, community histories and different political institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p361-s1", "p361-s2", "p361-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p361-s1", "title": "About - Stó:lō Service Agency", "url": "https://www.stolonation.bc.ca/about", "publisher": "stolonation.bc.ca", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p361-s2", "title": "Our Story | Thélá:ylexw awtxw Foundation | Stó:lō Women", "publisher": "stolowomen.com", "url": "https://stolowomen.com/our-story/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Our Story | Thélá:ylexw awtxw Foundation | Stó:lō Women” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p361-s3", "title": "Sto:lo Tourism", "publisher": "stolotourism.com", "url": "https://www.stolotourism.com/faq", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Sto:lo Tourism” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 233 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "sto-lo", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Stockbridge-Munsee Band of Mohican Indians", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Wisconsin, United States — current government listing", "overview": "The Stockbridge-Munsee community’s own historical booklet and archival institution offer a route through repeated moves, rebuilding in Wisconsin and the preservation of community history.", "relationshipNote": "The state roster identifies this named Tribal Nation separately. It does not establish the full history or relationships of every broader reading label.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "A community account of moves and rebuilding", "text": "The 2017 revision of Dorothy Davids’s history follows Stockbridge Mohican moves through New York and Indiana toward Wisconsin, where Munsee relatives joined the community. Selected pages describe settlement in Shawano County following the 1856 treaty and rebuilding homes and government in the 1930s. This is a community-centered introduction; the underlying instruments and fuller experiences of different families remain to investigate.", "sourceIds": [ "c5-stockbridge-davids-history2017" ] }, { "title": "Archives and history in the homelands", "text": "The community describes the Arvid E. Miller Library/Museum as its official archival repository. One example of sharing that history was Mohican Miles: the Trustees’2021-2022 exhibition account credits the Tribe’s curation and archives. It places that work in a separate Carriage House at the Mission House property in Massachusetts, connecting the Wisconsin community with interpretation in its homelands.", "sourceIds": [ "c5-stockbridge-library-museum", "c5-stockbridge-mohican-miles2021" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c5-stockbridge-davids-history2017", "title": "A Brief History of the Mohican Nation: The Stockbridge-Munsee Band — selected pages", "publisher": "Stockbridge-Munsee Community / Historical Committee", "url": "https://mohican-nsn.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2017breif-history-1.pdf", "type": "Community-authored historical booklet", "topics": [ "history", "migration", "community continuity" ], "annotation": "Dorothy Davids’s community history, revised by the Historical Committee in 2017, connects repeated moves with the formation and rebuilding of the Stockbridge-Munsee community in Wisconsin.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Physical PDF pages 2-3,7 and 10 visually read, including title/acknowledgments and printed pages 4 and 7. The historical migration and rebuilding passages were compared with selectable text because the multi-column extraction interleaves columns. Other pages, maps, bibliography works, original treaty texts and present acreage/population were not reviewed or adopted. The booklet’s mistaken 1832 date for the Indian Removal Act is not repeated.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "access": "Public full text; no account or subscription used. Inspection is limited to the stated body/pages.", "author": "Dorothy Davids;2017 revisions by the Stockbridge-Munsee Historical Committee", "publicationDate": "2017" }, { "id": "c5-stockbridge-library-museum", "title": "Arvid E. Miller Library/Museum — About", "publisher": "Stockbridge-Munsee Community", "url": "https://mohican-nsn.gov/arvid-e-miller-library-museum/", "type": "Community cultural-institution account", "topics": [ "archives", "public history", "cultural preservation" ], "annotation": "The community identifies its Library/Museum as the official archival repository and explains its preservation and research role. It offers a useful next step after the historical booklet.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Entire public About body read, describing the repository, collections, research library and artist-supporting shop. Linked elder videos, archival holdings, forms and exhibits were not inspected. Current staff and opening hours are not adopted.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "access": "Public full text; no account or subscription used. Inspection is limited to the stated body/pages." }, { "id": "c5-stockbridge-mohican-miles2021", "title": "Mohican Miles — past exhibition", "publisher": "The Trustees of Reservations, exhibition host", "url": "https://thetrustees.org/exhibit/mohican-miles/", "type": "Exhibition host’s collaboration account", "topics": [ "public history", "homelands", "community curation" ], "annotation": "The host describes a Tribe-curated exhibition drawn from the Library/Museum’s archives at the Mission House property in Massachusetts. It supplies a concrete link between the Wisconsin community and public history in its homelands.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Full past-exhibition body read, including 2021-2022 dates, Tribal curation, the separate Carriage House behind the Mission House and the described agreement. Current opening, extension or future access were not established. Exhibition objects, their rights and repatriation records were not inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "access": "Public full text; no account or subscription used. Inspection is limited to the stated body/pages.", "author": "The Trustees of Reservations", "publicationDate": "2021-2022" } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://dcf.wisconsin.gov/tribalaffairs/tribalinformation", "publisher": "Wisconsin Department of Children and Families", "title": "Tribal Information — Federally Recognized Tribes in Wisconsin", "scope": "Named in the complete eleven-government list; identity/name check only.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 223, 231 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Read the remaining booklet pages and its cited scholarship; compare treaty originals, removal records and the experiences of particular families without repeating its erroneous 1832 Indian Removal Act date.", "Review additional Munsee and Mohican voices, public language resources and contemporary community publications, with each source’s particular community scope preserved.", "The historic exhibit account does not establish current access. Collection objects, elder interviews and repatriation files remain unreviewed. The Stockbridge-Munsee government, wider Mohican/Munsee peoples and Mohegan Tribe of Connecticut are distinct. No community review is recorded." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded starting path now uses inspected public content, with scope and access limits recorded. This is not comprehensive research or community review.", "remainingLimits": [ "Read the remaining booklet pages and its cited scholarship; compare treaty originals, removal records and the experiences of particular families without repeating its erroneous 1832 Indian Removal Act date.", "Review additional Munsee and Mohican voices, public language resources and contemporary community publications, with each source’s particular community scope preserved.", "The historic exhibit account does not establish current access. Collection objects, elder interviews and repatriation files remain unreviewed. The Stockbridge-Munsee government, wider Mohican/Munsee peoples and Mohegan Tribe of Connecticut are distinct. No community review is recorded." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "c5-stockbridge-davids-history2017", "c5-stockbridge-library-museum" ], "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "startingGuide": { "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c5-stockbridge-davids-history2017", "reason": "Begin with the community-authored historical narrative in its stated selected-page scope." }, { "sourceId": "c5-stockbridge-library-museum", "reason": "Follow the community’s explanation of its archive and public research role." }, { "sourceId": "c5-stockbridge-mohican-miles2021", "reason": "See a documented instance of Tribal curation in the homelands; read as a past exhibit account." } ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "remainingQuestions": [ "Read the remaining booklet pages and its cited scholarship; compare treaty originals, removal records and the experiences of particular families without repeating its erroneous 1832 Indian Removal Act date.", "Review additional Munsee and Mohican voices, public language resources and contemporary community publications, with each source’s particular community scope preserved.", "The historic exhibit account does not establish current access. Collection objects, elder interviews and repatriation files remain unreviewed. The Stockbridge-Munsee government, wider Mohican/Munsee peoples and Mohegan Tribe of Connecticut are distinct. No community review is recorded." ], "batchId": "starter-guides-05", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "researchComplete": false, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "imageRecordId": "c5-stockbridge-mission-house-daderot2017" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "stockbridgemunsee-band-of-mohican-indians", "regionGroups": [ "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WI", "name": "Wisconsin", "key": "us-wi" } ] }, { "originalId": 360, "name": "Stoney Nakoda", "region": "Great Plains / Alberta", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Stoney Nakoda communities have homelands in the foothills and plains of Alberta.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Stoney Nakoda communities have homelands in the foothills and plains of Alberta.", "sourceIds": [ "p360-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Distinct communities, Nakoda language, treaties and contemporary institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p360-s1", "p360-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p360-s1", "title": "Tribal Council | Stoney Nakoda Nations", "publisher": "stoneynakodanations.com", "url": "https://stoneynakodanations.com/tribal-council/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Tribal Council | Stoney Nakoda Nations” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p360-s2", "title": "Duty to Consult | Stoney Nakoda Nations", "publisher": "stoneynakodanations.com", "url": "https://stoneynakodanations.com/duty-to-consult/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Duty to Consult | Stoney Nakoda Nations” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 20 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "stoney-nakoda", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-AB", "name": "Alberta", "key": "ca-ab" } ] }, { "originalId": 362, "name": "Sugpiaq", "region": "Alaska / Gulf of Alaska", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Sugpiaq is a community name used alongside Alutiiq in parts of the Gulf of Alaska.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Sugpiaq is a community name used alongside Alutiiq in parts of the Gulf of Alaska.", "sourceIds": [ "p362-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Regional naming practices, language and relationships to the separate Alutiiq entry. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p362-s1", "p362-s2", "p362-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p362-s1", "title": "About Us – Alutiiq", "publisher": "alutiiq.com", "url": "https://www.alutiiq.com/about/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “About Us – Alutiiq” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p362-s2", "title": "Villages - Alutiiq Museum and Archaeological Repository", "publisher": "alutiiqmuseum.org", "url": "https://alutiiqmuseum.org/alutiiq-people/history/villages/", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Villages - Alutiiq Museum and Archaeological Repository” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p362-s3", "title": "Our Stories - Alutiiq Museum and Archaeological Repository", "publisher": "alutiiqmuseum.org", "url": "https://alutiiqmuseum.org/alutiiq-people/history/our-stories/", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Our Stories - Alutiiq Museum and Archaeological Repository” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 12 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "relationshipNote": "The original list preserves this name as an access point. Compare the related entries and community-preferred spellings; overlapping names do not always mean identical political communities.", "added": false, "slug": "sugpiaq", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "name": "Summit Lake Paiute Tribe of Nevada", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Nevada", "overview": "Summit Lake Paiute Tribe of Nevada has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "summit-lake-paiute-tribe-of-nevada", "regionGroups": [ "Great Basin" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NV", "name": "Nevada", "key": "us-nv" } ] }, { "originalId": 363, "name": "Suquamish", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Washington", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Suquamish Tribe has homelands in the central Puget Sound region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Suquamish Tribe has homelands in the central Puget Sound region.", "sourceIds": [ "p363-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-authored history, Lushootseed, treaty histories and contemporary government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p363-s1", "p363-s2", "p363-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p363-s1", "title": "History & Culture | The Suquamish Tribe", "publisher": "suquamish.nsn.us", "url": "https://suquamish.nsn.us/home/about-us/history-culture/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History & Culture | The Suquamish Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p363-s2", "title": "About Your Visit - Suquamish Museum", "publisher": "suquamishmuseum.org", "url": "https://suquamishmuseum.org/visit/about-your-visit/", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “About Your Visit - Suquamish Museum” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p363-s3", "title": "Historical Sites - Suquamish Museum", "publisher": "suquamishmuseum.org", "url": "https://suquamishmuseum.org/education/historical-sites/", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical Sites - Suquamish Museum” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "suquamish", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "originalId": 364, "name": "Susquehannock", "region": "Northeast / Susquehanna Valley", "kind": "Historical people / name", "overview": "Susquehannock is a historical people name associated with the Susquehanna River region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Susquehannock is a historical people name associated with the Susquehanna River region.", "sourceIds": [ "p364-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Iroquoian language context, colonial conflict and later descendant-community relationships. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p364-s1", "p364-s2", "p364-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p364-s1", "title": "Learn Our History — The Conestoga-Susquehannock Tribe", "publisher": "conestogasusquehannocktribe.com", "url": "https://www.conestogasusquehannocktribe.com/history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Learn Our History — The Conestoga-Susquehannock Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p364-s2", "title": "History of Susquehannock State Park | Department of Conservation and Natural Resources| Commonwealth of Pennsylvania", "publisher": "pa.gov", "url": "https://www.pa.gov/agencies/dcnr/recreation/where-to-go/state-parks/find-a-park/susquehannock-state-park/history", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “History of Susquehannock State Park | Department of Conservation and Natural Resources| Commonwealth of Pennsylvania” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p364-s3", "title": "General 1 — The Conestoga-Susquehannock Tribe", "publisher": "conestogasusquehannocktribe.com", "url": "https://www.conestogasusquehannocktribe.com/historic-territory-1", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “General 1 — The Conestoga-Susquehannock Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "susquehannock", "regionGroups": [ "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WV", "name": "West Virginia", "key": "us-wv" } ] }, { "name": "Swan Creek band (Ojibwe)", "originalId": null, "added": true, "kind": "Historical / constituent band-name route", "directoryEntryType": "historical-constituent-band", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "compiled": "2026-10-26", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "identityReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "overview": "Swan Creek is a historical band-name route connected to the Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe. The 1836 treaty names Swan Creek and Black River bands and lists a tract at Swan Creek of Lake St. Clair. The 1855 treaty separately identifies the portions remaining in Michigan.", "overviewSourceIds": [ "mg04-treaty-1836-swan-black", "mg04-treaty-1855", "ziibiwing-three-bands" ], "relationshipNote": "Constituent band-name route; see the related government and Ojibwe entries.", "region": "Great Lakes / eastern Michigan historical context", "sections": [ { "title": "A directly named 1836 reading path", "text": "The 1836 text records cessions including land at Swan Creek of Lake St. Clair. Article 4 promises replacement land west of the Mississippi or northwest of St. Anthony’s Falls. The text alone does not establish completed relocation.", "sourceIds": [ "mg04-treaty-1836-swan-black" ] }, { "title": "Keep the 1855 parties specific", "text": "The later instrument addresses the portions remaining in Michigan alongside Saginaw parties. Read that scope before tracing later affiliations.", "sourceIds": [ "mg04-treaty-1855" ] }, { "title": "Follow the shared community institution", "text": "Ziibiwing’s three-band statement supplies identity context. The photograph shows the Tribe’s shared cultural-history center; it does not depict a separate band government or establish descent.", "sourceIds": [ "ziibiwing-three-bands" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "ziibiwing-three-bands", "title": "History — identification statement", "publisher": "Ziibiwing Center", "url": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/aboutus/history.htm", "type": "Indigenous-led", "annotation": "Supporting name and relationship identification only.", "contentReviewScope": "Selected naming/identity statement; wider history not assessed for this queued entry.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Identification-only check; no substantive history work counted.", "topics": [ "Names", "Identity" ], "identificationOnly": true }, { "id": "mg04-treaty-1836-swan-black", "title": "Treaty with the Chippewa, May 9, 1836 (7 Stat. 503)", "publisher": "Oklahoma State University Libraries, Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties; historical treaty text", "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-chippewa-1836-0461", "type": "Primary treaty / archive transcription", "topics": [ "Swan Creek", "Black River", "Cessions", "Removal provisions" ], "annotation": "The instrument specifically names Swan Creek and Black River bands, lists ceded tracts and promises proceeds and western land. Its recital of agreement is treaty language, not an independent account of consent or subsequent experience.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual transcription preamble, Articles 1–4, signatory and witness names, web lines 25–72 read. Linked original scan and underlying 1807 treaty not inspected; no claim of actual payment, completed relocation or present rights.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "Treaty dated May 9, 1836; proclamation May 25, 1836", "sourceUnitKey": "treaty-swan-creek-black-river-1836" }, { "id": "mg04-treaty-1855", "title": "Treaty with the Chippewa of Saginaw, etc., August 2, 1855 — selected transcription", "publisher": "Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University; historical treaty text", "url": "https://www.cmich.edu/research/clarke-historical-library/explore-collection/explore-online/native-american-material/native-american-treaty-rights/text-of-michigan-related-treaties", "type": "Primary treaty / archive transcription", "topics": [ "Saginaw", "Swan Creek", "Black River", "Land selection" ], "annotation": "The 1855 text names its parties and sets out land-selection and payment provisions. It distinguishes Saginaw treaty parties from Swan Creek and Black River parties remaining in Michigan. Historical provisions are not current eligibility, boundaries or proof of fulfillment.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual Saginaw Chippewa and other Bands section, preamble and Articles 1–7, web lines 745–776 read. Other treaties on this long page, original signatures/scans, later implementation and current law not assessed.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "Treaty dated August 2, 1855; web transcription undated", "sourceUnitKey": "treaty-saginaw-swan-creek-black-river-1855" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 265 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "saginaw-chippewa-indian-tribe-of-michigan", "saginaw-band-ojibwe", "black-river-band-ojibwe", "chippewa" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded reading route with inspected content and a specifically explained visual. It does not establish a complete history, separate nation count or community endorsement.", "remainingLimits": [ "Seek additional band-specific community-authored histories and testimony; the shared three-band sentence remains identification-only evidence.", "Review the relevant earlier treaty, original scans, implementation and later family/community histories before expanding the account.", "The dated treaty provisions do not settle present land boundaries, citizenship, benefits, affiliation or an exclusive genealogy. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ] }, "researchGaps": [ "Seek additional band-specific community-authored histories and testimony; the shared three-band sentence remains identification-only evidence.", "Review the relevant earlier treaty, original scans, implementation and later family/community histories before expanding the account.", "The dated treaty provisions do not settle present land boundaries, citizenship, benefits, affiliation or an exclusive genealogy. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "searchTerms": [ "Swan Creek band (Ojibwe)", "Ojibwe", "Ojibway", "Chippewa", "Swan Creek" ], "evidenceNotes": [ "Published as an owner-authorized queued card after a narrow identification check. Zero substantive works counted; no history-completion or separate-government claim is made for band-name routes.", "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-04", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "mg04-treaty-1836-swan-black", "reason": "Begin with the treaty that directly names this band and its recorded tracts." }, { "sourceId": "mg04-treaty-1855", "reason": "Compare the later instrument’s specifically defined parties remaining in Michigan." } ], "scopeNote": "Historical/constituent band-name reading route; related present government is the Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe. The three routes are not three newly established present nations.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "remainingQuestions": [ "Seek additional band-specific community-authored histories and testimony; the shared three-band sentence remains identification-only evidence.", "Review the relevant earlier treaty, original scans, implementation and later family/community histories before expanding the account.", "The dated treaty provisions do not settle present land boundaries, citizenship, benefits, affiliation or an exclusive genealogy. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "imageRecordId": "swan-creek-band-ojibwe-context-ziibiwing-strait-2024" }, "slug": "swan-creek-band-ojibwe", "regionGroups": [ "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MI", "name": "Michigan", "key": "us-mi" } ] }, { "originalId": 365, "name": "Ta'an Kwäch'än", "region": "Yukon", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Ta’an Kwäch’än Council is a contemporary First Nation with homelands around Lake Laberge and the Whitehorse region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Ta’an Kwäch’än Council is a contemporary First Nation with homelands around Lake Laberge and the Whitehorse region.", "sourceIds": [ "p365-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-authored history, Southern Tutchone language and self-government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p365-s1", "p365-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p365-s1", "title": "The Ta'an Kwach'an Council Self-Government Agreement", "publisher": "emrlibrary.gov.yk.ca", "url": "https://emrlibrary.gov.yk.ca/eco/agreements/ta%27an-kw%C3%A4ch%27%C3%A4n-council/ta%27an-kw%C3%A4ch%27%C3%A4n-council-self-government-agreement.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “The Ta'an Kwach'an Council Self-Government Agreement” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p365-s2", "title": "THE TA'AN KWACH'AN COUNCIL FINAL AGREEMENT", "publisher": "emrlibrary.gov.yk.ca", "url": "https://emrlibrary.gov.yk.ca/eco/agreements/ta%27an-kw%C3%A4ch%27%C3%A4n-council/ta%27an-kw%C3%A4ch%27%C3%A4n-council-final-agreement.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “THE TA'AN KWACH'AN COUNCIL FINAL AGREEMENT” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 412 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "taan-kwachan", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-YT", "name": "Yukon", "key": "ca-yt" } ] }, { "originalId": 366, "name": "Tacuate", "region": "Mexico / Oaxaca", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tacuate is a distinct community identity in Oaxaca, discussed within a wider Mixtec linguistic context.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tacuate is a distinct community identity in Oaxaca, discussed within a wider Mixtec linguistic context.", "sourceIds": [ "p366-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Local self-identification, language and community histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p366-s1", "p366-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p366-s1", "title": "Tacuates - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/tacuates-etnografia/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Tacuates - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p366-s2", "title": "Monografía. Tacuates", "publisher": "inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inpi.gob.mx/2021/dmdocuments/tacuates.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Monografía. Tacuates” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tacuate", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 367, "name": "Tagish", "region": "Yukon / British Columbia", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tagish is a people and language name in the southern Yukon and adjoining region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tagish is a people and language name in the southern Yukon and adjoining region.", "sourceIds": [ "p367-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language documentation, community histories and relationships with neighboring peoples. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p367-s1", "p367-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p367-s1", "title": "About the Tā̀gish language - Yukon Native Language Centre", "publisher": "ynlc.ca", "url": "https://ynlc.ca/about-the-tagish-language/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “About the Tā̀gish language - Yukon Native Language Centre” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p367-s2", "title": "The ASJP Database - Wordlist Tagish", "publisher": "asjp.clld.org", "url": "https://asjp.clld.org/languages/TAGISH", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “The ASJP Database - Wordlist Tagish” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tagish", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-YT", "name": "Yukon", "key": "ca-yt" } ] }, { "added": true, "name": "Taíno", "region": "Caribbean / Greater Antilles", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Taíno histories and contemporary identities span Caribbean island communities and diaspora. Smithsonian research examines living heritage and identity beyond narratives of disappearance.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Taíno histories and contemporary identities span Caribbean island communities and diaspora. Smithsonian research examines living heritage and identity beyond narratives of disappearance.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community perspectives, rural cultural continuities, colonial history and the diverse contemporary Taíno movement. Start with the annotated sources and compare each publisher’s scope and perspective.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1", "added-s2", "added-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "added-s1", "title": "Taino: Native Heritage and Identity in the Caribbean | Smithsonian Institution", "publisher": "si.edu", "url": "https://www.si.edu/exhibitions/taino-native-heritage-and-identity-caribbean-event-exhib-6313", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Taino: Native Heritage and Identity in the Caribbean | Smithsonian Institution” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "added-s2", "title": "Taíno: A Symposium in Conversation with the Movement", "publisher": "americanindian.si.edu", "url": "https://americanindian.si.edu/sites/1/files/pdf/seminars-symposia/Taino-Symposium-Program-Agenda-2018.pdf", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Taíno: A Symposium in Conversation with the Movement” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "added-s3", "title": "Taíno - Native Heritage and Identity in the Caribbean", "publisher": "americanindian.si.edu", "url": "https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/pdf/Taino-Gallery-Guide-English.pdf", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Taíno - Native Heritage and Identity in the Caribbean” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 112 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "slug": "taino", "regionGroups": [ "Caribbean" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CU", "name": "Cuba", "key": "cu" }, { "id": "DO", "name": "Dominican Republic", "key": "do" }, { "id": "HT", "name": "Haiti", "key": "ht" }, { "id": "JM", "name": "Jamaica", "key": "jm" }, { "id": "PR", "name": "Puerto Rico", "key": "pr" }, { "id": "BS", "name": "The Bahamas", "key": "bs" } ] }, { "originalId": 368, "name": "Takelma", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Oregon", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Takelma is a people and language name in southwestern Oregon.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Takelma is a people and language name in southwestern Oregon.", "sourceIds": [ "p368-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Rogue River histories, forced removal and descendant-community perspectives. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p368-s1", "p368-s2", "p368-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p368-s1", "title": "Modern History - Today - Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians", "url": "https://www.cowcreek-nsn.gov/tribal-story/modern-history-today/", "publisher": "cowcreek-nsn.gov", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p368-s2", "title": "takelma-cub - Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians", "publisher": "cowcreek-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.cowcreek-nsn.gov/wildlife-safari-gives-new-bear-cub-tribal-name/takelma-cub/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “takelma-cub - Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p368-s3", "title": "Interactive Linocut Art Display to Feature Tribal Imagery and Takelma Language - Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians", "publisher": "cowcreek-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.cowcreek-nsn.gov/interactive-linocut-art-display-to-feature-tribal-imagery-and-takelma-language/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Interactive Linocut Art Display to Feature Tribal Imagery and Takelma Language - Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "takelma", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" } ] }, { "originalId": 369, "name": "Taltan", "region": "British Columbia", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Taltan appears to be a spelling variant of Tahltan, a people with homelands in northwestern British Columbia.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Taltan appears to be a spelling variant of Tahltan, a people with homelands in northwestern British Columbia.", "sourceIds": [ "p369-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Verify the supplied spelling through Tahltan community institutions and language resources. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p369-s1", "p369-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p369-s1", "title": "Our Territory - Tahltan Central Government", "url": "https://tahltan.org/our-territory/", "publisher": "tahltan.org", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p369-s2", "title": "TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT — BRITISH COLUMBIA", "publisher": "www2.gov.bc.ca", "url": "https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/environment/natural-resource-stewardship/environmental-assessments/guidance-documents/2018-act/declaration_act_consent_agreement_red_chris_tahltan.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT — BRITISH COLUMBIA” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "relationshipNote": "The original list preserves this name as an access point. Compare the related entries and community-preferred spellings; overlapping names do not always mean identical political communities.", "added": false, "slug": "taltan", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 370, "name": "Tamien", "region": "California / Santa Clara Valley", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tamien or Thámien is a community and historical language name of the Santa Clara Valley region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tamien or Thámien is a community and historical language name of the Santa Clara Valley region.", "sourceIds": [ "p370-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community self-designation, Ohlone-related context and contemporary organization. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p370-s1", "p370-s2", "p370-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p370-s1", "title": "History — Tamien Nation", "publisher": "tamien.org", "url": "https://www.tamien.org/history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History — Tamien Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p370-s2", "title": "General 1 — Tamien Nation", "publisher": "tamien.org", "url": "https://www.tamien.org/tribal-territories", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “General 1 — Tamien Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p370-s3", "title": "Historia – H. Ayuntamiento de San Felipe 2024-2027", "publisher": "ayuntamientosanfelipeyucatan.gob.mx", "url": "https://ayuntamientosanfelipeyucatan.gob.mx/index.php/historia/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Historia – H. Ayuntamiento de San Felipe 2024-2027” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 263 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tamien", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Tamien Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Contemporary tribal nation", "region": "California", "overview": "Tamien Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "A specific contemporary Nation name is documented, distinct in directory purpose from the broad Tamien language/people entry. The Smithsonian groups it regionally under Ohlone and Esselen; that heading alone does not establish a preferred umbrella identity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.tamien.org/", "publisher": "Tamien Nation", "scope": "Nation name and San Jose, California setting in its public home-page announcement only. Grant, land-acquisition and historical claims not independently checked or adopted.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "inspectedLines": "51-56", "access": "Public HTML actually read; identity-only selected content", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/about_us/public_participation/tribal_affairs/tribal_consultations.html", "publisher": "California State Water Resources Control Board", "scope": "Contemporary notification-list name only; county lists are not used as homeland or map evidence.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "inspectedLines": "201-211, 248, 252", "access": "Public HTML actually read; identity-only selected content", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/california-missions/recommended-resources/", "publisher": "Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian", "scope": "Regional community roster, Ohlone and Esselen heading and named entries only. Its own note says the list is not comprehensive. No claim that every listed organization is a distinct people or one government.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "inspectedLines": "226-227, 310-322", "access": "Public HTML actually read; identity-only selected content", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 370 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "tamien-nation", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [] }, { "originalId": 371, "name": "Tanacross", "region": "Alaska / Subarctic", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tanacross is a people, community and language name in interior Alaska.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tanacross is a people, community and language name in interior Alaska.", "sourceIds": [ "p371-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language documentation, local community history and Upper Tanana relationships. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p371-s1", "p371-s2", "p371-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p371-s1", "title": "Languages - Tanacross | Alaska Native Language Center", "publisher": "uaf.edu", "url": "https://www.uaf.edu/anlc/languages-move/tanacross.php", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Languages - Tanacross | Alaska Native Language Center” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p371-s2", "title": "Tanacross Learners' Dictionary | Alaska Native Language Center", "publisher": "uaf.edu", "url": "https://www.uaf.edu/anlc/research-and-resources/research/research/tanacross_learners_dictionary.php", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Tanacross Learners' Dictionary | Alaska Native Language Center” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p371-s3", "title": "Endangered Languages Project - Tanacross", "publisher": "elcat.colo.hawaii.edu", "url": "https://elcat.colo.hawaii.edu/lang/1446", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Endangered Languages Project - Tanacross” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 372, 418 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tanacross", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 372, "name": "Tanana", "region": "Alaska / Subarctic", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Tanana is a regional name that needs distinction among Lower Tanana, Upper Tanana and Tanacross language and community histories.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tanana is a regional name that needs distinction among Lower Tanana, Upper Tanana and Tanacross language and community histories.", "sourceIds": [ "p372-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Specific communities, river homelands and differing linguistic labels. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p372-s1", "p372-s2", "p372-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p372-s1", "title": "Languages - Upper Tanana | Alaska Native Language Center", "publisher": "uaf.edu", "url": "https://www.uaf.edu/anlc/languages-move/uppertanana.php", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Languages - Upper Tanana | Alaska Native Language Center” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p372-s2", "title": "Languages - Tanana | Alaska Native Language Center", "publisher": "uaf.edu", "url": "https://www.uaf.edu/anlc/languages-move/tanana.php", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Languages - Tanana | Alaska Native Language Center” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p372-s3", "title": "Nee’aaneek (Upper Tanana) - Yukon Native Language Centre", "publisher": "ynlc.ca", "url": "https://ynlc.ca/upper-tanana/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Nee’aaneek (Upper Tanana) - Yukon Native Language Centre” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 186, 371, 418 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tanana", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 373, "name": "Taos Pueblo", "region": "Southwest / New Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Taos Pueblo is a living Pueblo nation in northern New Mexico.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Taos Pueblo is a living Pueblo nation in northern New Mexico.", "sourceIds": [ "p373-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Pueblo-authored history, Tiwa language, land and contemporary community life. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p373-s1", "p373-s2", "p373-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p373-s1", "title": "HISTORY – Taos Pueblo", "publisher": "taospueblo.com", "url": "https://taospueblo.com/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “HISTORY – Taos Pueblo” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p373-s2", "title": "Backup Home Page – Taos Pueblo", "publisher": "taospueblo.com", "url": "https://taospueblo.com/backup-home-page/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Backup Home Page – Taos Pueblo” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p373-s3", "title": "FAQ – Taos Pueblo CMS", "publisher": "taospueblo-nsn.gov", "url": "https://taospueblo-nsn.gov/faq/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “FAQ – Taos Pueblo CMS” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 310, 386 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "taos-pueblo", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] }, { "name": "Taovaya", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-27", "kind": "Named people / Wichita-affiliated historical community", "region": "Southern Plains / historical Texas connections", "overview": "Taovaya, also recorded under spellings such as Tawehash, names a particular historical Wichita-related people. Jelks’s focused entry and the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes’ connected history provide a bounded introduction to Red River communities, agriculture, exchange and diplomacy. Historical relationships do not make Taovaya an interchangeable label for every affiliated people or a separate current government here.", "relationshipNote": "The Wichita and Affiliated Tribes’ own historical account includes Taovaya among its named peoples. This separate reading route preserves the individual name within that broader context; it does not assert a separate present-day tribal government.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Red River communities and diplomacy", "text": "Jelks places Taovaya people in an eighteenth-century movement into southern Oklahoma and northern Texas and describes a settlement near present Spanish Fort by 1759. His account connects the community with the 1758 attack on San Sabá and the successful defense against a Spanish retaliatory expedition in 1759. These episodes are presented as the author’s synthesis, not as a new reading of the expedition papers. The modern place-name Spanish Fort should not turn the Taovaya settlement into a Spanish-built village.", "sourceIds": [ "c03-taovaya-tsha" ] }, { "title": "Farming, exchange and related historical interpretation", "text": "The entry describes cultivated crops, seasonal bison hunting and regional exchange, drawing attention to a farming community rather than reducing its history to warfare. The Tribe’s own narrative explicitly includes Taovaya among named peoples. The accompanying Catlin painting is carefully labeled related Wichita grass-lodge context: the museum identifies its subject as Wichita, not Taovaya. It is an outside artist’s nineteenth-century representation and does not identify the pictured individuals or prove that this particular lodge belonged to a Taovaya family.", "sourceIds": [ "c03-taovaya-tsha", "p431-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c03-taovaya-tsha", "title": "Taovaya Indians", "publisher": "Texas State Historical Association, Handbook of Texas Online", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/taovaya-indians", "type": "Scholarly reference", "topics": [ "Taovaya", "Red River", "Farming", "Trade", "Diplomacy" ], "annotation": "Edward B. Jelks’s focused article identifies Taovaya name variants, a Red River settlement near present Spanish Fort, agriculture, regional exchange and Spanish relations. Historical interpretations remain attributed; its brief treaty/outcome conclusion is not adopted as verified implementation or present status.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Complete main body, web lines 7–11, author, bibliography and publication/revision metadata read. The Bolton and Hodge works, original treaty and underlying encounter records remain unread. Historical labels and the word descendants are not individual genealogy evidence.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "Originally 1952; revised April 27, 2019", "accessNotes": "Actual public HTML body readable without an account in this inspection. Linked bibliography, archival instruments and media remain separate works unless expressly listed.", "author": "Edward B. Jelks" }, { "id": "p431-s1", "title": "Wichita Memories — four connected institutional history chapters", "publisher": "Wichita and Affiliated Tribes; exhibit collaboration credited to the Stovall Museum of Science and History and Oklahoma Archaeological Survey", "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/people-of-the-grass-house-1750-1820/", "type": "Indigenous-led / collaborative public history", "topics": [ "Names and affiliations", "Southern Plains", "Farming and hunting", "Texas", "Displacement", "Community continuity" ], "annotation": "Four linked chapters explain the Tribe’s historical account from early encounters through village life, displacement and continuing community. The credits identify a cooperative exhibit. Treat the chapters as one work, keep named historical groups distinct, and attribute archaeological, treaty and continuity interpretations rather than turning the narrative into independently checked archival evidence.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "author": "Institutionally published exhibit narrative; individual chapter byline not supplied", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Complete main narratives of In the Beginning:1540–1750 (lines27–38), People of the Grass House:1750–1820 (27–39), Days of Darkness:1820–1934 (27–37), and A New Beginning:1934–Present (27–38), plus References and Contributors (27–91). Public narrative passages read; no quoted origin stories, ceremonial details, images or underlying bibliography reproduced or separately researched.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One substantial connected historical exhibit, counted once rather than once per adjacent chapter or bibliography page.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/in-the-beginning-1540-1750/", "title": "In the Beginning:1540–1750", "scope": "Complete main narrative; original p431-s2 URL preserved separately as a duplicate reading route." }, { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/days-of-darkness-1820-1934/", "title": "Days of Darkness:1820–1934", "scope": "Complete main narrative; population estimates and legal interpretations not adopted as independent facts." }, { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/a-new-beginning-1934-present/", "title": "A New Beginning:1934–Present", "scope": "Complete main narrative; ongoing cultural/community account attributed to this publisher, not a current statistical survey." }, { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/references-and-contributors/", "title": "References and Contributors", "scope": "Collaboration, credits and reference list inspected; cited works remain unread unless checked separately by the other research agent." } ], "accessNotes": "Public readable English HTML, no account/paywall encountered. Individual publication/revision dates are unstated; date ranges in titles are historical coverage, not publication dates. Do not repeat historical population estimates as current figures, infer present identities from archaeological phases, or treat institutional treaty summaries as direct readings of the instruments." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-27", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/in-the-beginning-1540-1750/", "publisher": "Wichita and Affiliated Tribes", "scope": "Selected institutional history identity sentence (main narrative line 30) names Wichita Proper, Waco, Taovaya, Tawakoni and Kichai. Used only for names and the publisher’s included-peoples relationship. No origin narrative, archaeological identity, legal status or current individual-government claim adopted.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/taovaya-indians", "publisher": "Texas State Historical Association; Edward B. Jelks", "scope": "Selected opening paragraphs (lines 6–8), byline and publication metadata read. Names Taovaya and explicit Tawehash variant; describes eighteenth-century southern Oklahoma/northern Texas connections and a 1759 Red River settlement. Later legal/outcome statements and underlying cited works not adopted or reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [ "Tawehash" ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 431 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "wichita-and-affiliated-tribes" ], "researchGaps": [ "Compare diplomatic, trade and treaty summaries with original records and community-specific scholarship.", "Find a separately cleared Taovaya place/object image; the present painting is explicitly related Wichita context, not a subgroup depiction.", "A Spanish Fort commemorative-site photo was inspected privately but not selected because separate rights in its monument relief were not established.", "No current citizenship, separate present government, individual descent or surveyed homeland boundary is determined." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded historical-community starting path with selected actual-content works, attributed perspectives and explicitly scoped imagery. No fixed source minimum, comprehensive completion, current subgroup government or individual descent is claimed.", "remainingLimits": [ "Compare diplomatic, trade and treaty summaries with original records and community-specific scholarship.", "Find a separately cleared Taovaya place/object image; the present painting is explicitly related Wichita context, not a subgroup depiction.", "A Spanish Fort commemorative-site photo was inspected privately but not selected because separate rights in its monument relief were not established.", "No current citizenship, separate present government, individual descent or surveyed homeland boundary is determined." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "c03-taovaya-tsha", "p431-s1" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-03", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c03-taovaya-tsha", "reason": "Read Jelks’s specific Taovaya entry, keeping its named people, places and older documentary basis visible." }, { "sourceId": "p431-s1", "reason": "Use the Tribe-published historical collection for the explicit affiliated relationship and wider historical context." } ], "scopeNote": "Historical people/community grouping; broader Caddo or Wichita access points are related reading. No automatic subgroup identity is assigned to an umbrella source, historical picture or current government.", "reviewBasis": "New actual-content scopes are separately dated; exact existing source objects retain their original dates/scopes. Image identification, rights and complete delivered frames are recorded separately.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "remainingQuestions": [ "Compare diplomatic, trade and treaty summaries with original records and community-specific scholarship.", "Find a separately cleared Taovaya place/object image; the present painting is explicitly related Wichita context, not a subgroup depiction.", "A Spanish Fort commemorative-site photo was inspected privately but not selected because separate rights in its monument relief were not established.", "No current citizenship, separate present government, individual descent or surveyed homeland boundary is determined." ], "imageRecordId": "taovaya-related-wichita-lodge-context" }, "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "p431-s1", "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "originalContentReviewScope": "Complete main narratives of In the Beginning:1540–1750 (lines27–38), People of the Grass House:1750–1820 (27–39), Days of Darkness:1820–1934 (27–37), and A New Beginning:1934–Present (27–38), plus References and Contributors (27–91). Public narrative passages read; no quoted origin stories, ceremonial details, images or underlying bibliography reproduced or separately researched.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "inspectionBasis": "Exact existing inspected source object preserved. Selection for this historical-community route does not claim a fresh whole-source review or another global work. Only specifically relevant statements are synthesized." } ], "evidenceNotes": [ "This reviewed starting guide records selected actual-content sources, their perspectives and access limits. Reused earlier reviews retain their original dates/scopes; images and repeated URLs do not create new historical works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "taovaya", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-TX", "name": "Texas", "key": "us-tx" } ] }, { "originalId": 374, "name": "Tataviam", "region": "California", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tataviam people have homelands in the northern Los Angeles County region and continuing community institutions.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tataviam people have homelands in the northern Los Angeles County region and continuing community institutions.", "sourceIds": [ "p374-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Tataviam-authored identity, mission-era histories, language and local homelands. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p374-s1", "p374-s2", "p374-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p374-s1", "title": "History – Fernandeño Tataviam Band of Mission Indians", "publisher": "tataviam-nsn.us", "url": "https://www.tataviam-nsn.us/heritage/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History – Fernandeño Tataviam Band of Mission Indians” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p374-s2", "title": "Tribal Captains – Fernandeño Tataviam Band of Mission Indians", "publisher": "tataviam-nsn.us", "url": "https://www.tataviam-nsn.us/heritage/tribal-captains/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Tribal Captains – Fernandeño Tataviam Band of Mission Indians” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p374-s3", "title": "Tataviam", "publisher": "cla.berkeley.edu", "url": "https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/tataviam.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Tataviam” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tataviam", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 375, "name": "Tawahka", "region": "Central America / Honduras", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tawahka people have homelands in Honduras’s Mosquitia region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tawahka people have homelands in Honduras’s Mosquitia region.", "sourceIds": [ "p375-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Tawahka language, river relationships, territory and community institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p375-s1", "p375-s2", "p375-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p375-s1", "title": "Gramatica Lengua Tawahka", "publisher": "se.gob.hn", "url": "https://www.se.gob.hn/sdgepiah-archivos/9/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Gramatica Lengua Tawahka” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p375-s2", "title": "Diccionario Tawahka", "publisher": "se.gob.hn", "url": "https://www.se.gob.hn/sdgepiah-archivos/2/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Diccionario Tawahka” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p375-s3", "title": "World Directory of Minorities — Lenca, Miskitu, Tawahka, Pech, Maya, Chortis and Xicaque", "publisher": "justice.gov", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/eoir/legacy/2014/02/19/Lenca%2C%20Miskitu%2C%20Tawahka%2C%20Pech%2C%20Maya%2C%20Chortis%20and%20Xicaque.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "A regional reference profile covering the peoples named in its title. Read its geographical and publication context before applying its account to an individual community; the shared listing does not make these peoples interchangeable.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 203 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tawahka", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "HN", "name": "Honduras", "key": "hn" } ] }, { "name": "Tawakoni", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-27", "kind": "Named people / Wichita-affiliated historical community", "region": "Southern Plains / historical Texas connections", "overview": "Tawakoni is a named historical people within the wider Wichita-affiliated account. A focused Handbook of Texas entry introduces particular Texas locations and diplomatic encounters, while the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes’ community history supplies a related institutional perspective. This guide keeps the name and its chronology distinct without asserting a separate present-day government.", "relationshipNote": "The Wichita and Affiliated Tribes’ own historical account includes Tawakoni among its named peoples. This separate reading route preserves the individual name within that broader context; it does not assert a separate present-day tribal government.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Named locations and diplomatic encounters", "text": "Krieger’s account places Tawakoni communities on the lower Canadian River in 1719 and describes their later Texas range between present Waco and Palestine. It records visits by Athanase de Mézières in the 1770s and a Brazos River village identified in Juan Agustín Morfi’s 1781 account. These place descriptions are historical source summaries, not exact modern boundaries. The varying written spellings and relationships deserve comparison with the underlying encounter records.", "sourceIds": [ "c03-tawakoni-tsha" ] }, { "title": "Reservation history in a wider community account", "text": "The entry discusses treaty-era relationships and the move across Red River in 1859 into the Wichita reservation setting. Its brief treaty summary is not substituted for the actual instruments or later legal history. The Tribe’s connected narrative names Tawakoni within the affiliated peoples while preserving a wider story of displacement and continuity. The Fort Belknap kitchen photograph gives nearby Brazos-reservation military context only; it does not identify a Tawakoni building, village, person or style of architecture.", "sourceIds": [ "c03-tawakoni-tsha", "p431-s1", "c03-brazos-reservation-place-support" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c03-tawakoni-tsha", "title": "Tawakoni Indians", "publisher": "Texas State Historical Association, Handbook of Texas Online", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/tawakoni-indians", "type": "Scholarly reference", "topics": [ "Tawakoni", "Texas", "Diplomacy", "Reservation history" ], "annotation": "Margery H. Krieger’s specifically Tawakoni account introduces named locations and diplomatic contacts, then reservation-era movement. It is a brief historical synthesis, not direct treaty inspection or a current-government account. Spellings and relationships should be compared across records rather than collapsed.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Complete three-paragraph main body, web lines 7–9, byline and publication/revision metadata read. Underlying Hodge reference, treaties and colonial visit reports were not inspected; no numerical or current legal claim adopted.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "Originally 1952; page metadata lists August 1, 1995 revision", "accessNotes": "Actual public HTML body readable without an account in this inspection. Linked bibliography, archival instruments and media remain separate works unless expressly listed.", "author": "Margery H. Krieger" }, { "id": "p431-s1", "title": "Wichita Memories — four connected institutional history chapters", "publisher": "Wichita and Affiliated Tribes; exhibit collaboration credited to the Stovall Museum of Science and History and Oklahoma Archaeological Survey", "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/people-of-the-grass-house-1750-1820/", "type": "Indigenous-led / collaborative public history", "topics": [ "Names and affiliations", "Southern Plains", "Farming and hunting", "Texas", "Displacement", "Community continuity" ], "annotation": "Four linked chapters explain the Tribe’s historical account from early encounters through village life, displacement and continuing community. The credits identify a cooperative exhibit. Treat the chapters as one work, keep named historical groups distinct, and attribute archaeological, treaty and continuity interpretations rather than turning the narrative into independently checked archival evidence.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "author": "Institutionally published exhibit narrative; individual chapter byline not supplied", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Complete main narratives of In the Beginning:1540–1750 (lines27–38), People of the Grass House:1750–1820 (27–39), Days of Darkness:1820–1934 (27–37), and A New Beginning:1934–Present (27–38), plus References and Contributors (27–91). Public narrative passages read; no quoted origin stories, ceremonial details, images or underlying bibliography reproduced or separately researched.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One substantial connected historical exhibit, counted once rather than once per adjacent chapter or bibliography page.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/in-the-beginning-1540-1750/", "title": "In the Beginning:1540–1750", "scope": "Complete main narrative; original p431-s2 URL preserved separately as a duplicate reading route." }, { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/days-of-darkness-1820-1934/", "title": "Days of Darkness:1820–1934", "scope": "Complete main narrative; population estimates and legal interpretations not adopted as independent facts." }, { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/a-new-beginning-1934-present/", "title": "A New Beginning:1934–Present", "scope": "Complete main narrative; ongoing cultural/community account attributed to this publisher, not a current statistical survey." }, { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/references-and-contributors/", "title": "References and Contributors", "scope": "Collaboration, credits and reference list inspected; cited works remain unread unless checked separately by the other research agent." } ], "accessNotes": "Public readable English HTML, no account/paywall encountered. Individual publication/revision dates are unstated; date ranges in titles are historical coverage, not publication dates. Do not repeat historical population estimates as current figures, infer present identities from archaeological phases, or treat institutional treaty summaries as direct readings of the instruments." }, { "id": "c03-brazos-reservation-place-support", "title": "Brazos Indian Reservation — selected location and Fort Belknap context", "publisher": "Texas State Historical Association, Handbook of Texas Online", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/brazos-indian-reservation", "type": "Scholarly reference / supporting place context", "topics": [ "Brazos Reservation", "Fort Belknap", "Place context" ], "annotation": "Narrow supporting place context: this account places the Brazos Reservation twelve miles south of Fort Belknap and discusses troops from the fort at the reservation. The photographed fort kitchen is therefore nearby military/agency context, never a Kitsai or Tawakoni dwelling or the reservation itself. No jurisdiction or favorable colonial characterization is adopted.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Selected main-body location paragraphs, web lines 7–9, the Fort Belknap troop paragraph at 16 and the removal paragraph at 21 read. Only the fort/reservation location relationship supports image relevance. The longer article, its casualty totals and legal/jurisdiction claims are not adopted as independently verified history.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "publicationDate": "Undated publication", "accessNotes": "Actual public HTML body readable without an account in this inspection. Linked bibliography, archival instruments and media remain separate works unless expressly listed.", "author": "Carrie J. Crouch" } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-27", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/in-the-beginning-1540-1750/", "publisher": "Wichita and Affiliated Tribes", "scope": "Selected institutional history identity sentence (main narrative line 30) names Wichita Proper, Waco, Taovaya, Tawakoni and Kichai. Used only for names and the publisher’s included-peoples relationship. No origin narrative, archaeological identity, legal status or current individual-government claim adopted.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/tawakoni-indians", "publisher": "Texas State Historical Association; Margery H. Krieger", "scope": "Selected opening historical paragraphs (lines 6–9), byline and publication metadata read. Names Tawakoni as a Wichita-related group and locates communities in Texas in the later eighteenth century. No current-government, archaeological-identity, treaty implementation or population claim adopted.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 431 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "wichita-and-affiliated-tribes" ], "researchGaps": [ "Read actual encounter reports, treaties and reservation records before expanding chronology or legal conclusions.", "Add Tawakoni-specific public family and language history beyond institutional and reference accounts.", "The selected image is nearby fort context; a clearly identified Tawakoni-specific historical photograph or object remains desirable." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded historical-community starting path with selected actual-content works, attributed perspectives and explicitly scoped imagery. No fixed source minimum, comprehensive completion, current subgroup government or individual descent is claimed.", "remainingLimits": [ "Read actual encounter reports, treaties and reservation records before expanding chronology or legal conclusions.", "Add Tawakoni-specific public family and language history beyond institutional and reference accounts.", "The selected image is nearby fort context; a clearly identified Tawakoni-specific historical photograph or object remains desirable." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "c03-tawakoni-tsha", "p431-s1" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-03", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c03-tawakoni-tsha", "reason": "Start with Krieger’s specifically Tawakoni historical entry and its named locations." }, { "sourceId": "p431-s1", "reason": "Continue with the Tribe’s connected history for an attributed community perspective on affiliation and continuity." } ], "scopeNote": "Historical people/community grouping; broader Caddo or Wichita access points are related reading. No automatic subgroup identity is assigned to an umbrella source, historical picture or current government.", "reviewBasis": "New actual-content scopes are separately dated; exact existing source objects retain their original dates/scopes. Image identification, rights and complete delivered frames are recorded separately.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "remainingQuestions": [ "Read actual encounter reports, treaties and reservation records before expanding chronology or legal conclusions.", "Add Tawakoni-specific public family and language history beyond institutional and reference accounts.", "The selected image is nearby fort context; a clearly identified Tawakoni-specific historical photograph or object remains desirable." ], "imageRecordId": "tawakoni-fort-belknap-context" }, "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "p431-s1", "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "originalContentReviewScope": "Complete main narratives of In the Beginning:1540–1750 (lines27–38), People of the Grass House:1750–1820 (27–39), Days of Darkness:1820–1934 (27–37), and A New Beginning:1934–Present (27–38), plus References and Contributors (27–91). Public narrative passages read; no quoted origin stories, ceremonial details, images or underlying bibliography reproduced or separately researched.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "inspectionBasis": "Exact existing inspected source object preserved. Selection for this historical-community route does not claim a fresh whole-source review or another global work. Only specifically relevant statements are synthesized." } ], "evidenceNotes": [ "This reviewed starting guide records selected actual-content sources, their perspectives and access limits. Reused earlier reviews retain their original dates/scopes; images and repeated URLs do not create new historical works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "tawakoni", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-TX", "name": "Texas", "key": "us-tx" } ] }, { "originalId": 376, "name": "Teko", "region": "Guatemala / Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Teko is a distinct Maya people and language name associated with Guatemala and Mexico.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Teko is a distinct Maya people and language name associated with Guatemala and Mexico.", "sourceIds": [ "p376-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community naming, language institutions, local histories and migration. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p376-s1", "p376-s2", "p376-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p376-s1", "title": "Tekos - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/tekos-etnografia/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Tekos - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p376-s2", "title": "Teko : Lenguas indígenas México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura", "publisher": "sic.cultura.gob.mx", "url": "https://sic.cultura.gob.mx/ficha.php?disciplina=&table=inali_li&table_id=19", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Teko : Lenguas indígenas México : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p376-s3", "title": "Tekos – Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/tekos-lengua/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Tekos – Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 202 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "teko", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico", "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 377, "name": "Tepehua", "region": "Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tepehua people have communities in eastern Mexico and distinct language varieties.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tepehua people have communities in eastern Mexico and distinct language varieties.", "sourceIds": [ "p377-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Local self-designations, language diversity and community histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p377-s1", "p377-s2", "p377-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p377-s1", "title": "Diálogo con los Pueblos Otomí y Tepehua. Tenango de Doria, Hidalgo. – Diálogo con los Pueblos Indígenas | Gobierno de México", "publisher": "inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inpi.gob.mx/dialogos/dialogo-con-los-pueblos-otomi-y-tepehua-tenango-de-doria-hidalgo/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Diálogo con los Pueblos Otomí y Tepehua. Tenango de Doria, Hidalgo. – Diálogo con los Pueblos Indígenas | Gobierno de México” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p377-s2", "title": "Diálogo con los Pueblos otomí, náhuatl, totonaco y tepehua. Pahuatlán, Puebla. – Diálogo con los Pueblos Indígenas | Gobierno de México", "publisher": "inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inpi.gob.mx/dialogos/dialogo-con-los-pueblos-otomi-nahuatl-totonaco-y-tepehua-pahuatlan-puebla/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Diálogo con los Pueblos otomí, náhuatl, totonaco y tepehua. Pahuatlán, Puebla. – Diálogo con los Pueblos Indígenas | Gobierno de México” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p377-s3", "title": "Tepehua – Catálogo Nacional de Pueblos y Comunidades Indígenas y Afromexicanas", "publisher": "catalogo.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://catalogo.inpi.gob.mx/tepehua/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Tepehua – Catálogo Nacional de Pueblos y Comunidades Indígenas y Afromexicanas” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tepehua", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 378, "name": "Tepehuán", "region": "Mexico / Sierra Madre Occidental", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Tepehuán is a broad name used for distinct northern and southern peoples and languages.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tepehuán is a broad name used for distinct northern and southern peoples and languages.", "sourceIds": [ "p378-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: O’dam, Audam and Ódami naming, language differences and local histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p378-s1", "p378-s2", "p378-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p378-s1", "title": "Tepehuanos del sur - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/tepehuanos-del-sur-etnografia/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Tepehuanos del sur - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p378-s2", "title": "Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales", "publisher": "inali.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inali.gob.mx/sitios/clin-inali/html/l_tepehuano_del_sur.html", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p378-s3", "title": "Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales", "publisher": "inali.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inali.gob.mx/sitios/clin-inali/html/l_tepehuano_del_norte.html", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tepehuan", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 379, "name": "Teribe", "region": "Central America / Panama / Costa Rica", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Teribe is a historical and regional name encountered in Naso contexts. The original list also includes Naso Tjër Di.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Teribe is a historical and regional name encountered in Naso contexts. The original list also includes Naso Tjër Di.", "sourceIds": [ "p379-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Verify local usage and distinguish the Naso and Costa Rican Brörán contexts. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p379-s1", "p379-s2", "p379-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p379-s1", "title": "Pueblo: Teribe", "publisher": "atlaspueblosindigenas.wordpress.com", "url": "https://atlaspueblosindigenas.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/teribe.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Pueblo: Teribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p379-s2", "title": "Feria Cultural Artesanal Naso Tjërdi | Sicultura", "publisher": "files.sicultura.gob.pa", "url": "https://files.sicultura.gob.pa/manifestaciones-culturales/feria-cultural-artesanal-naso-tjerdi", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Feria Cultural Artesanal Naso Tjërdi | Sicultura” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p379-s3", "title": "Recursos disponibles en DIPALICORI Brorán / térraba / naso / brorán – Dipalicori", "publisher": "dipalicori.ucr.ac.cr", "url": "https://dipalicori.ucr.ac.cr/recursos-broran/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Recursos disponibles en DIPALICORI Brorán / térraba / naso / brorán – Dipalicori” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 240, 35 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "relationshipNote": "The original list preserves this name as an access point. Compare the related entries and community-preferred spellings; overlapping names do not always mean identical political communities.", "added": false, "slug": "teribe", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CR", "name": "Costa Rica", "key": "cr" }, { "id": "PA", "name": "Panama", "key": "pa" } ] }, { "originalId": 380, "name": "Tesuque Pueblo", "region": "Southwest / New Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tesuque Pueblo is a living Pueblo nation in northern New Mexico.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tesuque Pueblo is a living Pueblo nation in northern New Mexico.", "sourceIds": [ "p380-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Pueblo-published history, Tewa language context and contemporary community government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p380-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p380-s1", "title": "HISTORY | Pueblo of Tesuque", "publisher": "tesuquepueblo.org", "url": "https://www.tesuquepueblo.org/history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “HISTORY | Pueblo of Tesuque” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 310, 381 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tesuque-pueblo", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] }, { "originalId": 381, "name": "Tewa", "region": "Southwest / New Mexico / Arizona", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Tewa is a people and language name shared across distinct Pueblo communities.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tewa is a people and language name shared across distinct Pueblo communities.", "sourceIds": [ "p381-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Individual Pueblo histories, language and differences between linguistic grouping and political nation. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p381-s1", "p381-s2", "p381-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p381-s1", "title": "Tewa Language | Santa Clara Pueblo", "publisher": "santaclarapueblo.org", "url": "https://www.santaclarapueblo.org/programs/department-of-youth-and-learning/tewa-language/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Tewa Language | Santa Clara Pueblo” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p381-s2", "title": "Nambé Pueblo | Nambé Falls – Tewa Language Program", "publisher": "nambepueblo.org", "url": "https://www.nambepueblo.org/tewa-program/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Nambé Pueblo | Nambé Falls – Tewa Language Program” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p381-s3", "title": "Tewa Language – San Ildefonso Pueblo", "publisher": "sanipueblo.org", "url": "https://sanipueblo.org/tewa-language/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Tewa Language – San Ildefonso Pueblo” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 236, 264, 299, 332, 334, 380 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tewa", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] }, { "name": "Texas Band of Yaqui Indians", "originalId": null, "added": true, "kind": "Contemporary community / band-name route", "directoryEntryType": "contemporary-community", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "directoryQueueStatus": "Community-specific starting guide; further research remains open", "compiled": "2026-10-26", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "identityReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "overview": "The Texas Band of Yaqui Indians, also using Yaqui Nation of Texas, publishes its own account of community identity, family connections and cultural work. This guide places that voice beside a 2015 Texas Senate resolution. It is a starting route into the community’s published perspective, with migration, descent and legal-status questions kept separate.", "overviewSourceIds": [ "tbyi-mission-20261027", "texas-yaqui-self-identification", "texas-sr989-name" ], "relationshipNote": "The publisher describes this community within the broader Yaqui/Yoeme context. Yaqui Nation of Texas is an alternate name for this same publisher/community, not another distinct people here. This route is separate from the Pascua Yaqui Tribe in Arizona. The2015 Senate resolution is used as name evidence; federal status, jurisdiction and the specific migration/descent account are not established by this queued entry.", "region": "Texas", "sections": [ { "title": "The community’s own account", "text": "The publisher describes connections with Yaqui communities in Sonora and uses Texas Band of Yaqui Indians and Yaqui Nation of Texas for the same community. Its mission emphasizes reconnecting families with heritage, educational opportunities and support for future generations. These self-descriptions provide a community perspective; they do not by themselves independently verify every historical or institutional claim.", "sourceIds": [ "texas-yaqui-self-identification", "tbyi-mission-20261027" ] }, { "title": "What the 2015 resolution records", "text": "Senate Resolution989 names and honors the Texas Band, and records adoption on May27,2015. Its historical recitals are the resolution’s statements. A commemorative legislative text should not be used alone to establish genealogical descent, federal recognition, jurisdiction or the details of migration. The original named source remains available so readers can examine what was actually said.", "sourceIds": [ "texas-sr989-name" ] }, { "title": "Cultural work and a carefully scoped landscape", "text": "The mission describes networking, educational and arts-related aims. The credited Yaqui River photograph illustrates Sonora homeland context discussed by the publisher; it does not show Texas Band members, Texas community land or proof of descent. The broader Yaqui guide offers additional historical and language reading, while the Pascua Yaqui Tribe in Arizona remains a distinct government route.", "sourceIds": [ "tbyi-mission-20261027", "texas-yaqui-self-identification" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "texas-yaqui-self-identification", "title": "Who we are — community name and alternate-name identification", "publisher": "Texas Band of Yaqui Indians", "url": "https://www.tbyi.gov/about-1-1", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Names", "Texas" ], "annotation": "The publisher uses Texas Band of Yaqui Indians and Yaqui Nation of Texas for the same community. Self-description is attributed, and no federal or state legal-status determination is made.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Selected name/relationship statements at web lines21–35, reinspected2026-10-26. Government-recognition, jurisdiction, descent and migration claims are not independently established by this identity check.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "identificationOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Narrow supporting identity/relationship check; standalone history and adequacy remain queued." }, { "id": "texas-sr989-name", "title": "Senate Resolution989 — enrolled naming record", "publisher": "Texas Senate", "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/84R/billtext/html/SR00989F.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Names", "Texas" ], "annotation": "A2015 resolution honors the named Texas Band. This is supporting name evidence, not federal recognition or proof of the recited migration history.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Enrolled text and May27,2015 adoption record read. Used only to verify the named community is addressed by the Senate; historical recitals and legal effects are not independently corroborated.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "identificationOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Narrow supporting identity/relationship check; standalone history and adequacy remain queued." }, { "id": "tbyi-mission-20261027", "title": "Our Mission — cultural reconnection and community programs", "publisher": "Texas Band of Yaqui Indians", "author": "Institutional self-description; individual byline not supplied", "url": "https://www.tbyi.gov/our-mission", "type": "Indigenous-led / community self-description", "topics": [ "Community institutions", "Cultural continuity", "Education", "Texas" ], "annotation": "The publisher describes cultural reconnection, family networks, learning and community initiatives. These are its stated purposes and account of its work; they are not independent findings about participation, descent, recognition or outcomes.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual public mission body, web lines25–35, and the public arts/networking descriptions at84–110. Institutional/legal-status assertions at38–42 were encountered but not adopted as legal findings. Images, artist works, linked books, member records and underlying genealogies not inspected or reproduced.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "Substantive first-party statement of community purposes and cultural/educational approach, counted once; not a legal determination or separate counts for each listed initiative.", "accessNotes": "Public readable HTML; no account required for selected text. Copyrighted page photographs and artworks are not cleared for reproduction.", "perspective": "The community publisher’s own description, attributed throughout." } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 441, 281 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded community-specific starting guide with selected source perspectives, an annotated reading path and scoped imagery. Wider history, current implementation and community review remain open.", "remainingLimits": [ "Corroborate particular Texas migration and family-history accounts through accessible original records.", "Review governing and recognition claims separately rather than inferring legal consequences from a name or commemorative resolution.", "Broaden independently inspected community voices and evaluate program history without claiming measured outcomes." ] }, "researchGaps": [ "Corroborate particular Texas migration and family-history accounts through accessible original records.", "Review governing and recognition claims separately rather than inferring legal consequences from a name or commemorative resolution.", "Broaden independently inspected community voices and evaluate program history without claiming measured outcomes." ], "searchTerms": [ "Yaqui Nation of Texas", "Texas Yaqui", "TBYI", "Yoeme", "Yaqui" ], "evidenceNotes": [ "Supporting identification does not establish complete history, legal status, territorial boundaries or community endorsement.", "A community-specific starting guide reuses selected earlier actual-content reviews with their original dates/scopes. It does not add new global works merely because a URL appears on this route. Picture identification/rights are separate from historical adequacy or community endorsement." ], "sharedReadingProfileSlug": "yaqui", "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "sourceReuseProvenance": [], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-02", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "tbyi-mission-20261027", "reason": "Begin with the publisher’s purposes and community-oriented cultural/educational account." } ], "scopeNote": "A Texas community’s self-published perspective with a historical legislative naming record. The guide makes no new recognition, jurisdiction, descent or migration determination.", "reviewBasis": "Selected actual-content source records and retained original inspection dates/scopes, with new inspections separately identified. This is not comprehensive completion or community endorsement.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "remainingQuestions": [ "Corroborate particular Texas migration and family-history accounts through accessible original records.", "Review governing and recognition claims separately rather than inferring legal consequences from a name or commemorative resolution.", "Broaden independently inspected community voices and evaluate program history without claiming measured outcomes." ], "additionalSupportingContext": [ { "sourceId": "texas-yaqui-self-identification", "reason": "Read how the community explains its own names and Sonora connections, with assertions attributed." }, { "sourceId": "texas-sr989-name", "reason": "Inspect the 2015 Senate text itself; naming and historical recitals are not an independent legal-status assessment." } ], "imageRecordId": "texas-yaqui-sonora-homeland-context" }, "slug": "texas-band-of-yaqui-indians", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-TX", "name": "Texas", "key": "us-tx" } ] }, { "originalId": 382, "name": "Texistepequeño", "region": "Mexico / Veracruz", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Texistepequeño is associated with the Texistepec region of Veracruz and a distinct language context.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Texistepequeño is associated with the Texistepec region of Veracruz and a distinct language context.", "sourceIds": [ "p382-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language classification, community naming and distinctions from other Popoluca labels. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p382-s1", "p382-s2", "p382-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p382-s1", "title": "Texistepequeños- Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/texistepequenos-etnografia/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Texistepequeños- Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p382-s2", "title": "Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales", "publisher": "inali.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inali.gob.mx/sitios/clin-inali/html/l_texistepequeno.html", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p382-s3", "title": "Texistepequeños – Estadísticas - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/texistepequenos-estadisticas/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Texistepequeños – Estadísticas - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "texistepequeno", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Oklahoma", "overview": "The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "the-choctaw-nation-of-oklahoma", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "name": "The Seminole Nation of Oklahoma", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Oklahoma", "overview": "The Seminole Nation of Oklahoma has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "the-seminole-nation-of-oklahoma", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "name": "Thessalon First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — Lake Huron region member listing", "overview": "Thessalon First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. Membership alone is not treated as proof of Ojibwe, Anishinaabe or other ethnic identity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page18 (zero-based17): named member entry with Ontario address; parenthetical name retained only where explicit.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "thessalon-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "originalId": 383, "name": "Thompson (Nlaka'pamux)", "region": "British Columbia", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Thompson is an outside name often used for Nlaka’pamux people, also listed separately in the original list.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Thompson is an outside name often used for Nlaka’pamux people, also listed separately in the original list.", "sourceIds": [ "p383-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-preferred names, language and Nlaka’pamux-authored sources. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p383-s1", "p383-s2", "p383-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p383-s1", "title": "Nlaka’pamux Nation Tribal Council - Province of British Columbia", "publisher": "www2.gov.bc.ca", "url": "https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/environment/natural-resource-stewardship/consulting-with-first-nations/first-nations-negotiations/first-nations-a-z-listing/nlaka-pamux-tribal-council", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Nlaka’pamux Nation Tribal Council - Province of British Columbia” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p383-s2", "title": "Nlaka’pamux First Nations - Province of British Columbia", "publisher": "www2.gov.bc.ca", "url": "https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/environment/natural-resource-stewardship/consulting-with-first-nations/first-nations-negotiations/first-nations-a-z-listing/nlaka-pamux", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Nlaka’pamux First Nations - Province of British Columbia” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p383-s3", "title": "Stein Valley Nlaka'pamux Heritage Park Management Plan - June 1, 2000", "publisher": "nrs.objectstore.gov.bc.ca", "url": "https://nrs.objectstore.gov.bc.ca/kuwyyf/stein_valley_nlakapamux_heritage_pk_mp_20000601_315c2458cb.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Stein Valley Nlaka'pamux Heritage Park Management Plan - June 1, 2000” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 252 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "relationshipNote": "The original list preserves this name as an access point. Compare the related entries and community-preferred spellings; overlapping names do not always mean identical political communities.", "added": false, "slug": "thompson-nlakapamux", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "North Dakota", "overview": "Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "three-affiliated-tribes-of-the-fort-berthold-reservation-north-dakota", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-ND", "name": "North Dakota", "key": "us-nd" } ] }, { "originalId": 384, "name": "Tillamook", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Oregon", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tillamook is a people and language name of Oregon’s northern coast.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tillamook is a people and language name of Oregon’s northern coast.", "sourceIds": [ "p384-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Coastal homelands, language documentation, removal and descendant communities. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p384-s1", "p384-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p384-s1", "title": "History | Tillamook, Oregon", "publisher": "tillamookor.gov", "url": "https://www.tillamookor.gov/history", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “History | Tillamook, Oregon” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p384-s2", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Tillamook", "publisher": "public-inspection.federalregister.gov", "url": "https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2019-08228.pdf?1556023527=", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Tillamook” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "researchLeads": [ { "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Journal_of_American_Folk-Lore_-_Vol._11_(1898).pdf/31", "title": "Franz Boas. Traditions of the Tillamook Indians. The Journal of American Folklore 11 no 40, 1898, pages 23 to 38. Opening page of a primary ethnographic record, including language and the beginning of the Thunderbird narrative.", "documentKey": "Tillamook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tillamook culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tillamook study. Keep Tillamook people and historical language, individual coastal communities, Clatsop/Nehalem relationships, and the distinct Siletz and Grand Ronde governments in their stated contexts. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/533608", "title": "Franz Boas. Traditions of the Tillamook Indians. The Journal of American Folklore 11 no 40, 1898, pages 23 to 38. Opening page of a primary ethnographic record, including language and the beginning of the Thunderbird narrative.", "documentKey": "Tillamook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tillamook culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tillamook study. Keep Tillamook people and historical language, individual coastal communities, Clatsop/Nehalem relationships, and the distinct Siletz and Grand Ronde governments in their stated contexts. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://ctsi.nsn.us/introduction/", "title": "Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians. Introduction. Tribal account of ancestral communities, village leadership and regional differences.", "documentKey": "Tillamook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tillamook culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tillamook study. Keep Tillamook people and historical language, individual coastal communities, Clatsop/Nehalem relationships, and the distinct Siletz and Grand Ronde governments in their stated contexts. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/bitstreams/79687c9c-a224-49f8-9fde-f64a4ef16c08/download", "title": "Gabriel Sanchez. Cetacean Hunting at the Par Tee Site. University of Oregon honors thesis, 2014. Academic synthesis of archaeology, Tillamook and Clatsop identities and maritime resources.", "documentKey": "Tillamook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tillamook culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tillamook study. Keep Tillamook people and historical language, individual coastal communities, Clatsop/Nehalem relationships, and the distinct Siletz and Grand Ronde governments in their stated contexts. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/tillamook/", "title": "Ulrich H Hardt. Tillamook. The Oregon Encyclopedia. Historical overview containing information on Native homelands, housing, foods and disease.", "documentKey": "Tillamook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tillamook culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tillamook study. Keep Tillamook people and historical language, individual coastal communities, Clatsop/Nehalem relationships, and the distinct Siletz and Grand Ronde governments in their stated contexts. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.oregonhistoryproject.org/narratives/the-oregon-coastforists-and-green-verdent-launs/contact-and-settlement/before-contact/", "title": "Gail Wells. Before Contact. Oregon History Project, 2006, revised 2014. Regional historical synthesis of coastal lifeways and social organization.", "documentKey": "Tillamook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tillamook culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tillamook study. Keep Tillamook people and historical language, individual coastal communities, Clatsop/Nehalem relationships, and the distinct Siletz and Grand Ronde governments in their stated contexts. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3262/", "title": "Ailsa Elizabeth Crawford. Tillamook Indian Basketry Continuity and Change as Seen in the Adams Collection. Portland State University MA thesis, 1983. University record and research abstract.", "documentKey": "Tillamook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tillamook culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tillamook study. Keep Tillamook people and historical language, individual coastal communities, Clatsop/Nehalem relationships, and the distinct Siletz and Grand Ronde governments in their stated contexts. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/jacobs_elizabeth_1903_1983_/", "title": "William Seaburg. Elizabeth Jacobs 1903 to 1983. The Oregon Encyclopedia. Scholarly account of Jacobs’s work with Clara Pearson.", "documentKey": "Tillamook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tillamook culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tillamook study. Keep Tillamook people and historical language, individual coastal communities, Clatsop/Nehalem relationships, and the distinct Siletz and Grand Ronde governments in their stated contexts. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/tillamook_bay/", "title": "Gary Albright. Tillamook Bay. The Oregon Encyclopedia. Historical and archaeological overview, including canoes, basketry and Gray’s visit.", "documentKey": "Tillamook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tillamook culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tillamook study. Keep Tillamook people and historical language, individual coastal communities, Clatsop/Nehalem relationships, and the distinct Siletz and Grand Ronde governments in their stated contexts. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.oregonhistoryproject.org/articles/historical-records/captain-clark-at-tillamook-head-1806/", "title": "Cain Allen. Captain Clark at Tillamook Head 1806. Oregon History Project, 2004. Historical interpretation linked to a reproduction of Clark’s journal.", "documentKey": "Tillamook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tillamook culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tillamook study. Keep Tillamook people and historical language, individual coastal communities, Clatsop/Nehalem relationships, and the distinct Siletz and Grand Ronde governments in their stated contexts. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/item/lc.sup.ronda.01", "title": "James P Ronda. Lewis and Clark among the Indians. University of Nebraska digital edition. Scholarly history, especially The Clatsop Winter.", "documentKey": "Tillamook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tillamook culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tillamook study. Keep Tillamook people and historical language, individual coastal communities, Clatsop/Nehalem relationships, and the distinct Siletz and Grand Ronde governments in their stated contexts. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/places/tansy-point.htm", "title": "National Park Service. Tansy Point. Federal historical interpretation of the unratified 1851 negotiations.", "documentKey": "Tillamook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tillamook culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tillamook study. Keep Tillamook people and historical language, individual coastal communities, Clatsop/Nehalem relationships, and the distinct Siletz and Grand Ronde governments in their stated contexts. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/coast_indian_reservation/", "title": "David Lewis. Coast Indian Reservation. The Oregon Encyclopedia. Scholarly explanation of the reservation’s creation and reductions.", "documentKey": "Tillamook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tillamook culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tillamook study. Keep Tillamook people and historical language, individual coastal communities, Clatsop/Nehalem relationships, and the distinct Siletz and Grand Ronde governments in their stated contexts. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/confederated_tribes_of_grand_ronde/", "title": "David Lewis. Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde. The Oregon Encyclopedia. History of removal, community formation and termination.", "documentKey": "Tillamook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tillamook culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tillamook study. Keep Tillamook people and historical language, individual coastal communities, Clatsop/Nehalem relationships, and the distinct Siletz and Grand Ronde governments in their stated contexts. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/hobsonville_indian_community/", "title": "Douglas Deur. Hobsonville Indian Community. The Oregon Encyclopedia. History of a continuing coastal Native community.", "documentKey": "Tillamook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tillamook culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tillamook study. Keep Tillamook people and historical language, individual coastal communities, Clatsop/Nehalem relationships, and the distinct Siletz and Grand Ronde governments in their stated contexts. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/seasides_indian_place/", "title": "Douglas Deur. Indian Place Seaside. The Oregon Encyclopedia. History of Clatsop and Nehalem Tillamook community life and landownership.", "documentKey": "Tillamook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tillamook culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tillamook study. Keep Tillamook people and historical language, individual coastal communities, Clatsop/Nehalem relationships, and the distinct Siletz and Grand Ronde governments in their stated contexts. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.grandronde.org/culture-history/termination-restoration/", "title": "Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde. Termination and Restoration. Tribal history of the campaign for restored federal recognition.", "documentKey": "Tillamook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tillamook culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tillamook study. Keep Tillamook people and historical language, individual coastal communities, Clatsop/Nehalem relationships, and the distinct Siletz and Grand Ronde governments in their stated contexts. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://ctsi.nsn.us/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/2024-CTSI-Annual-Report.pdf", "title": "Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians. Annual Report 2024. Tribal primary source confirming the November 18 1977 restoration date.", "documentKey": "Tillamook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tillamook culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tillamook study. Keep Tillamook people and historical language, individual coastal communities, Clatsop/Nehalem relationships, and the distinct Siletz and Grand Ronde governments in their stated contexts. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://ctsi.nsn.us/culture-language/", "title": "Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians. Culture and Language. Current tribal description of cultural protection, teaching and language programs.", "documentKey": "Tillamook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tillamook culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tillamook study. Keep Tillamook people and historical language, individual coastal communities, Clatsop/Nehalem relationships, and the distinct Siletz and Grand Ronde governments in their stated contexts. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://nclctrust.org/news/nclc-returns-ancient-cultural-site/", "title": "Katherine Lacaze. NCLC Returns Ancient Cultural Site to Clatsop Nehalem Confederated Tribes. North Coast Land Conservancy, May 5 2020. Firsthand institutional account of the land transfer.", "documentKey": "Tillamook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tillamook culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tillamook study. Keep Tillamook people and historical language, individual coastal communities, Clatsop/Nehalem relationships, and the distinct Siletz and Grand Ronde governments in their stated contexts. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://truwe.sohs.org/files/1851%20superintendency.html", "title": "Correspondence of the Oregon Superintendency 1851. Southern Oregon Historical Society hosted transcription collection. Includes the August 14 1851 Oregon Weekly Times report and federal correspondence. Historical wording and land claims require critical reading.", "documentKey": "Tillamook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tillamook culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tillamook study. Keep Tillamook people and historical language, individual coastal communities, Clatsop/Nehalem relationships, and the distinct Siletz and Grand Ronde governments in their stated contexts. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://lewis-clark.org/the-trail/fort-clatsop/necus-village/", "title": "Douglas Deur and Tricia Gates Brown. NeCus Village. Discover Lewis and Clark. Scholarly account with archival references and a section on Kóshtawah or Maggie Adams.", "documentKey": "Tillamook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tillamook culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tillamook study. Keep Tillamook people and historical language, individual coastal communities, Clatsop/Nehalem relationships, and the distinct Siletz and Grand Ronde governments in their stated contexts. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://ctsi.nsn.us/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/477-Plan-2024-2027-DRAFT.pdf", "title": "Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians. Public Law 102 477 Plan. Tribal planning document describing termination in 1956 and restoration in 1977.", "documentKey": "Tillamook_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tillamook culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tillamook study. Keep Tillamook people and historical language, individual coastal communities, Clatsop/Nehalem relationships, and the distinct Siletz and Grand Ronde governments in their stated contexts. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." } ], "studyKeys": [ "Tillamook_Culture_History_and_Timeline" ], "added": false, "slug": "tillamook", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" } ] }, { "originalId": 385, "name": "Timucua", "region": "Southeast / Florida / Georgia", "kind": "Historical people / name", "overview": "Timucua is a historical label covering distinct communities and a language context in Florida and Georgia.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Timucua is a historical label covering distinct communities and a language context in Florida and Georgia.", "sourceIds": [ "p385-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Different chiefdoms, colonial missions, language records and descendants’ wider histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p385-s1", "p385-s2", "p385-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p385-s1", "title": "The Timucua: North Florida’s Early People - Timucuan Ecological & Historic Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)", "publisher": "home.nps.gov", "url": "https://home.nps.gov/timu/learn/historyculture/timupeople.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “The Timucua: North Florida’s Early People - Timucuan Ecological & Historic Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p385-s2", "title": "Timucua - Castillo de San Marcos National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)", "publisher": "home.nps.gov", "url": "https://home.nps.gov/casa/learn/historyculture/timucua.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Timucua - Castillo de San Marcos National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p385-s3", "title": "Dubcovsky and Broadwell • Writing Timucua | 419", "publisher": "people.clas.ufl.edu", "url": "https://people.clas.ufl.edu/broadwell/files/dubcovsky-and-broadwell-2017-final-version-offprint.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Dubcovsky and Broadwell • Writing Timucua | 419” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "timucua", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-FL", "name": "Florida", "key": "us-fl" } ] }, { "name": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities", "added": true, "originalId": null, "kind": "Historical / regional Ojibwe communities", "preferredName": "Tittabawassee River communities", "region": "Great Lakes / Michigan / Tittabawassee River and Saginaw watershed", "overview": "Explore the Tittabawassee River communities through Michigan treaty records, an attributed nineteenth-century account, and Saginaw Chippewa community sources. This regional reading route is placed in Ojibwe context and does not identify a separate present-day tribal government.", "overviewSourceIds": [ "t1", "t2", "t5" ], "sections": [ { "title": "A river-community name and its scope", "text": "This is a historical and regional reading route for Indigenous communities associated with the Tittabawassee River in Michigan’s Saginaw watershed. It is not the name of a separate contemporary government established by this review. The Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe describes itself through three Ojibway bands: Saginaw, Black River and Swan Creek. That broader community history should not be reduced to a fourth band called Tittabawassee, or an exclusive descent claim for every river settlement.", "sourceIds": [ "t1", "t5" ] }, { "title": "The river and historical place-names", "text": "The 1819 treaty names Little Forks and Black Bird’s town on the river printed as Tetabawasink. The January 1837 text uses Tetabwasing. Clarke Historical Library’s Houghton exhibit connects Black Bird Reservation and the 1819 treaty with the Tittabawassee–Chippewa river landscape near Midland. These records help orient the reading, but do not supply a complete settlement inventory or justify drawing precise community boundaries.", "sourceIds": [ "t2", "t3", "t9" ] }, { "title": "Reading the 1819 and January 1837 treaties", "text": "The September 24, 1819 agreement identifies Chippewa parties and reserves two 6,000-acre tracts at Little Forks and Black Bird’s town. The January 14, 1837 agreement, made at Detroit with Saganaw/Chippewa parties, lists those tracts among the lands ceded and prescribes relocation. Treaty wording is evidence of the instrument and its terms; individual experiences, enforcement and later rights require separate study.", "sourceIds": [ "t2", "t3" ] }, { "title": "Why the December 1837 supplement matters", "text": "The December 20 agreement at Flint River modifies the January treaty, including relocation and financial provisions. The two supplied 1837 links therefore represent different, related Michigan agreements. Their listed proclamation date in 1838 should not replace their treaty dates. A proposed destination does not demonstrate that all local people relocated or that their communities disappeared.", "sourceIds": [ "t3", "t4" ] }, { "title": "An attributed account of river travel", "text": "In his 1887 book, Andrew J. Blackbird recalls a winter journey seeking support for Native citizenship. He describes following the frozen Tittabawassee, finding one camp deserted and receiving food at another where women and children remained while men hunted. This is his personal recollection of a particular encounter. He does not name every host or establish a genealogy for the camps, so the episode should not become a universal description of river life.", "sourceIds": [ "t5" ] }, { "title": "Continuing communities, education and watershed care", "text": "The Ziibiwing Center shares the Saginaw Chippewa Tribe’s account of continuing community institutions. A U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service restoration story, framed around the 2020 settlement, describes the Tribe’s cultural use of wetlands and planned habitat work in the wider Saginaw Bay area. The Tribal College’s history offers a further community-led educational route. These sources concern particular institutions and projects, rather than one unchanging river community or a claim that planned restoration is complete.", "sourceIds": [ "t1", "t6", "t8" ] }, { "title": "Language and further reading", "text": "Ojibwe language resources provide broader context, but their regional coverage matters. The Ojibwe People’s Dictionary identifies its main variety as Central Southwestern Ojibwe from Minnesota, Wisconsin and border-lakes communities. It should not be treated as a record of historical Tittabawassee pronunciation. The owner-supplied study and all 19 contributed links are retained below; only the sources with explicit inspection notes have been checked for this guide.", "sourceIds": [ "t7" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "t1", "title": "History — Ziibiwing Center", "publisher": "Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan, Ziibiwing Center", "url": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/aboutus/history.htm", "type": "Indigenous-led", "annotation": "The Tribe’s own historical account identifies its three Ojibway bands and describes reservation history, reorganization and the cultural center. It supplies present-community context, not an exclusive descent chart for river settlements.", "contentReviewScope": "Complete visible chronology and prose read, especially the three-band statement and reservation/reorganization paragraphs. Ancient chronology, numerical land-loss claims and broad legal assertions are not independently corroborated here.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-25", "accessed": "2026-10-25", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "topics": [ "Tittabawassee", "Michigan", "History" ] }, { "id": "t2", "title": "Treaty with the Chippewa, September 24, 1819 (7 Stat. 203)", "publisher": "Oklahoma State University Libraries, Tribal Treaties Database; primary treaty transcription", "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-chippewa-1819-0185", "type": "Primary treaty record", "annotation": "The treaty describes named Chippewa tracts, including Little Forks and Black Bird’s town. Read as a dated legal instrument, not a complete community history or current-rights opinion.", "contentReviewScope": "Readable transcription: date/preamble and articles 1–9, web-extracted lines 25–112, plus displayed signatures/witness headings. Original manuscript scans were not opened. Main evidence is preamble and article 2. No signed manuscript or implementation files inspected.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-25", "accessed": "2026-10-25", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "topics": [ "Tittabawassee", "Michigan", "History" ] }, { "id": "t3", "title": "Treaty with the Chippewa, January 14, 1837 (7 Stat. 528)", "publisher": "Oklahoma State University Libraries, Tribal Treaties Database; primary treaty transcription", "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-chippewa-1837-0482", "type": "Primary treaty record", "annotation": "A Michigan/Saganaw treaty lists river tracts among lands ceded and prescribes relocation. Its terms are not proof that every person moved; read the December supplement alongside it.", "contentReviewScope": "Readable transcription, date/preamble and articles 1–7, web-extracted lines 25–100. Original scan, later articles, schedules and signature pages were not inspected in this bounded pass. Main evidence is preamble, article 1 and article 6. No signed manuscript or implementation files inspected.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-25", "accessed": "2026-10-25", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "topics": [ "Tittabawassee", "Michigan", "History" ] }, { "id": "t4", "title": "Treaty with the Chippewa, December 20, 1837 (7 Stat. 547)", "publisher": "Oklahoma State University Libraries, Tribal Treaties Database; primary treaty transcription", "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-chippewa-1837-0501", "type": "Primary treaty record", "annotation": "This Flint River supplement changes parts of the January arrangement. It concerns Michigan Saganaw/Chippewa parties, rather than another treaty with the same generic Chippewa title.", "contentReviewScope": "Entire readable treaty transcription, date/preamble, articles 1–7, signatures and witness lines, web-extracted lines 21–80. Original manuscript scan not opened. No signed manuscript or implementation files inspected.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-25", "accessed": "2026-10-25", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "topics": [ "Tittabawassee", "Michigan", "History" ] }, { "id": "t5", "title": "History of the Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan (1887), selected Tittabawassee passage", "publisher": "Andrew J. Blackbird; University of Wisconsin–Madison-hosted transcription", "url": "https://ojibwegrammar.langsci.wisc.edu/Assets/Pdfs/BookBlackbird.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-authored primary account", "annotation": "Blackbird’s first-person recollection describes winter travel and hospitality at a Tittabawassee riverside camp. It is a named Odawa author’s retrospective account, not an ethnic census of every camp.", "contentReviewScope": "Title/front matter and selected citizenship-journey passage on PDF pages 42–43, marked printed pages 60–61, read. The rest of the 140-page PDF and its language material were not reviewed for this entry.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-25", "accessed": "2026-10-25", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "topics": [ "Tittabawassee", "Michigan", "History" ] }, { "id": "t6", "title": "Tittabawassee River Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe Restoration", "publisher": "U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service", "url": "https://www.fws.gov/rivers/carp/carp/story/tittabawassee-river-saginaw-chippewa-indian-tribe-restoration", "type": "Government", "annotation": "An agency account connects Saginaw Chippewa wetland use with restoration planning after the 2020 settlement. It records planned work and cultural values, not verified project completion or historical village locations.", "contentReviewScope": "Complete story body, restoration overview and Tribe-specific paragraphs read. Linked restoration plan, settlement files and preserve pages not inspected. No present project-outcome, health or current legal-rights claim made.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-25", "accessed": "2026-10-25", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "topics": [ "Watershed", "Community continuity", "Michigan" ] }, { "id": "t7", "title": "About the Ojibwe Language", "publisher": "Ojibwe People’s Dictionary, University of Minnesota", "url": "https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/about-ojibwe-language", "type": "Academic / community-collaborative reference", "annotation": "Useful language orientation, with an explicit Minnesota/Wisconsin/border-lakes variety scope. It does not independently document historical Tittabawassee speech.", "contentReviewScope": "Visible orientation, orthography explanation and regional-scope note read; audio, individual entries and cultural galleries not inspected. Dated speaker estimates not repeated.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-25", "accessed": "2026-10-25", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "topics": [ "Language", "Regional varieties" ] }, { "id": "t8", "title": "Our History — Saginaw Chippewa Tribal College", "publisher": "Saginaw Chippewa Tribal College", "url": "https://www.sagchip.edu/our-history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "annotation": "The college recounts its 1998 establishment and educational purpose. This is a present institutional reading route, not a direct history of the river communities.", "contentReviewScope": "Complete visible college history read. Degree offerings, enrollment, operating schedules and language outcomes not verified as current.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-25", "accessed": "2026-10-25", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "topics": [ "Education", "Contemporary institutions" ] }, { "id": "t9", "title": "Douglass Houghton Field Notes — Volume 3 exhibition summary", "publisher": "Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University", "url": "https://clarke.omeka.net/exhibits/show/douglasshoughton/houghtonvolumethree", "type": "Museum / archive", "annotation": "The library’s curatorial summary relates Black Bird Reservation and the 1819 treaty to the Tittabawassee–Chippewa river landscape. It helps orient the historical place-names; the handwritten journal remains unread.", "contentReviewScope": "Complete short exhibition page read; the Black Bird Reservation paragraph provides the geographic bridge. Linked handwritten volume and map images not inspected. Precise site directions omitted.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-25", "accessed": "2026-10-25", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "topics": [ "Historical geography", "Archives" ] } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 265 ], "relationshipNote": "Related to the broader Ojibwe reading collection and Saginaw Chippewa historical context. Historical river communities and the present Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe are not interchangeable labels; no exclusive descent or separate sovereign-government claim is made.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "searchTerms": [ "Tittabawassee", "Tittawabassee", "Tittabawassee River", "Tittabawassee Ojibwe", "Little Forks", "Black Bird’s town", "Saginaw Chippewa" ], "researchGaps": [ "Review additional Saginaw Chippewa-authored river-community histories and publicly released Michigan language material.", "Inspect the 1855 and 1864 treaty texts, later policy and community testimony before extending the removal, reservation or current-rights account.", "Read Fitting’s regional archaeology article and the EPA document supplied in the study before adopting their claims; they remain unread leads here.", "The historical name is a regional access point, not proof of a distinct present government, a fourth constituent band or an exclusive genealogy.", "The Houghton manuscript, full Blackbird book, other study URLs and project outcomes have not all been reviewed. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "researchLeads": [ { "url": "https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/about-ojibwe-language", "title": "https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/about-ojibwe-language", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "supportingReview": true }, { "url": "https://ojibwegrammar.langsci.wisc.edu/Assets/Pdfs/BookBlackbird.pdf", "title": "https://ojibwegrammar.langsci.wisc.edu/Assets/Pdfs/BookBlackbird.pdf", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://ontarioarchaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/oa016-03_fitting.pdf", "title": "https://ontarioarchaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/oa016-03_fitting.pdf", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://semspub.epa.gov/work/05/914885.pdf", "title": "https://semspub.epa.gov/work/05/914885.pdf", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-chippewa-1819-0185", "title": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-chippewa-1819-0185", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-chippewa-1837-0482", "title": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-chippewa-1837-0482", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-chippewa-1837-0501", "title": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-chippewa-1837-0501", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-chippewa-of-saginaw-etc-1855-0733", "title": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-chippewa-of-saginaw-etc-1855-0733", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-chippewa-of-saginaw-swan-creek-and-black-river-1864-0868", "title": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-chippewa-of-saginaw-swan-creek-and-black-river-1864-0868", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.fws.gov/rivers/carp/carp/story/tittabawassee-river-saginaw-chippewa-indian-tribe-restoration", "title": "https://www.fws.gov/rivers/carp/carp/story/tittabawassee-river-saginaw-chippewa-indian-tribe-restoration", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/us-court-approves-agreement-between-saginaw-chippewa-indian-tribe-united-states-state", "title": "https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/us-court-approves-agreement-between-saginaw-chippewa-indian-tribe-united-states-state", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.sagchip.edu/our-history", "title": "https://www.sagchip.edu/our-history", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "supportingReview": true }, { "url": "https://www.sagchip.org/miibs/timeline.aspx", "title": "https://www.sagchip.org/miibs/timeline.aspx", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/aboutus/history.htm", "title": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/aboutus/history.htm", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/aboutus/pdf/%20Clans.pdf", "title": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/aboutus/pdf/%20Clans.pdf", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/aboutus/pdf/4yrreportfinal.pdf", "title": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/aboutus/pdf/4yrreportfinal.pdf", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/aboutus/pdf/Birchbark.pdf", "title": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/aboutus/pdf/Birchbark.pdf", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/aboutus/pdf/Sugarbush.pdf", "title": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/aboutus/pdf/Sugarbush.pdf", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" }, { "url": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/planyourvisit/educators/culturalPresenters.htm", "title": "https://www.sagchip.org/ziibiwing/planyourvisit/educators/culturalPresenters.htm", "documentKey": "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tittabawassee Ojibwe communities: history, culture and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied study concerning Tittabawassee River communities and Saginaw Chippewa/Ojibwe context; identity and historical claims await original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-24", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review" } ], "studyKeys": [ "Tittabawassee_History_Culture_and_Timeline" ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-25", "rationale": "Six directly relevant works were inspected: three distinct Michigan treaty instruments, community history, a selected first-person river passage and an agency restoration account. Three additional orientation/geographic references are supporting-only. This supports a bounded initial source guide, but detailed local histories, later treaty records, Michigan language material and further community-authored evidence remain open.", "remainingLimits": [ "Review additional Saginaw Chippewa-authored river-community histories and publicly released Michigan language material.", "Inspect the 1855 and 1864 treaty texts, later policy and community testimony before extending the removal, reservation or current-rights account.", "Read Fitting’s regional archaeology article and the EPA document supplied in the study before adopting their claims; they remain unread leads here.", "The historical name is a regional access point, not proof of a distinct present government, a fourth constituent band or an exclusive genealogy.", "The Houghton manuscript, full Blackbird book, other study URLs and project outcomes have not all been reviewed. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ] }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Added at the owner’s explicit request after reviewing sources from the uploaded study. Study text is supplementary reading, not independent verification. Source counts exclude the three supporting references and all unread leads.", "Treaty transcriptions are not signed manuscripts. The Blackbird excerpt is a selected passage, not a full-book content check. Modern landscape imagery supplies named-place context only.", "This reviewed starting guide records selected actual-content sources, their perspectives and access limits. Reused earlier reviews retain their original dates/scopes; images and repeated URLs do not create new historical works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-03", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "t1", "reason": "Begin with the Tribe-published account that supplies present Saginaw Chippewa context." }, { "sourceId": "t2", "reason": "Read the dated1819 instrument and its named river tracts within the recorded transcription scope." }, { "sourceId": "t5", "reason": "Compare the attributed river encounter recalled by Odawa author Andrew J. Blackbird." } ], "scopeNote": "A historical/regional river-community reading route, not a separately established present government or an exclusive descent claim.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "remainingQuestions": [ "Review additional Saginaw Chippewa-authored river-community histories and publicly released Michigan language material.", "Inspect the 1855 and 1864 treaty texts, later policy and community testimony before extending the removal, reservation or current-rights account.", "Read Fitting’s regional archaeology article and the EPA document supplied in the study before adopting their claims; they remain unread leads here.", "The historical name is a regional access point, not proof of a distinct present government, a fourth constituent band or an exclusive genealogy.", "The Houghton manuscript, full Blackbird book, other study URLs and project outcomes have not all been reviewed. No community review or endorsement is recorded." ], "imageRecordId": "tittabawassee-context-ziibiwing-strait-2024" }, "slug": "tittabawassee-ojibwe-communities", "regionGroups": [ "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MI", "name": "Michigan", "key": "us-mi" } ] }, { "originalId": 386, "name": "Tiwa", "region": "Southwest / New Mexico", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Tiwa is a people and language grouping spanning distinct Pueblo communities.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tiwa is a people and language grouping spanning distinct Pueblo communities.", "sourceIds": [ "p386-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Northern and Southern Tiwa distinctions and individual Pueblo histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p386-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p386-s1", "title": "TIWA DIALECT", "publisher": "files.eric.ed.gov", "url": "https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED353091.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “TIWA DIALECT” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 145, 292, 330, 373 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tiwa", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] }, { "originalId": 387, "name": "Tlahuica", "region": "Mexico / State of Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tlahuica is a distinct Indigenous people and language name in central Mexico.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tlahuica is a distinct Indigenous people and language name in central Mexico.", "sourceIds": [ "p387-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Pjiekakjoo-related naming, language and local community histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p387-s1", "p387-s2", "p387-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p387-s1", "title": "Tlahuicas - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/tlahuicas-etnografia/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Tlahuicas - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p387-s2", "title": "Monografía. Tlahuicas", "publisher": "inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inpi.gob.mx/2021/dmdocuments/tlahuicas.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Monografía. Tlahuicas” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p387-s3", "title": "Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales", "publisher": "inali.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inali.gob.mx/sitios/clin-inali/html/l_tlahuica.html", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 273 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tlahuica", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 389, "name": "Tlapanec (Me'phaa)", "region": "Mexico / Guerrero", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Me’phaa is a people’s name encountered alongside the outside name Tlapanec.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Me’phaa is a people’s name encountered alongside the outside name Tlapanec.", "sourceIds": [ "p389-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language varieties, local self-designation and community histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p389-s1", "p389-s2", "p389-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p389-s1", "title": "Tlapanecos – Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/tlapanecos-lengua/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Tlapanecos – Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p389-s2", "title": "Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales", "publisher": "inali.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inali.gob.mx/sitios/clin-inali/html/l_tlapaneco.html", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p389-s3", "title": "Tlapanecos – Fotografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/tlapanecos-fotografia/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Tlapanecos – Fotografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tlapanec-mephaa", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 388, "name": "Tlingit", "region": "Alaska / British Columbia / Yukon", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tlingit people have homelands along the northwest coast and into adjoining inland regions.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tlingit people have homelands along the northwest coast and into adjoining inland regions.", "sourceIds": [ "p388-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Lingít language, clans and houses, territorial histories and distinct contemporary governments. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p388-s1", "p388-s2", "p388-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p388-s1", "title": "History - Tlingit & Haida", "publisher": "tlingitandhaida.gov", "url": "https://tlingitandhaida.gov/about-us/history/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History - Tlingit & Haida” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p388-s2", "title": "Yakutat Tlingit Ethnographic Study", "publisher": "nps.gov", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/wrst/learn/historyculture/upload/YakutatTlingit-EOA.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Yakutat Tlingit Ethnographic Study” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p388-s3", "title": "Governance - Tlingit & Haida", "publisher": "tlingitandhaida.gov", "url": "https://tlingitandhaida.gov/governance/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Governance - Tlingit & Haida” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tlingit", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska", "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 390, "name": "Tohono O'odham", "region": "Southwest / Arizona / Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tohono O’odham people have homelands across the modern U.S.–Mexico border.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tohono O’odham people have homelands across the modern U.S.–Mexico border.", "sourceIds": [ "p390-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language, desert relationships and distinct political communities and governments. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p390-s1", "p390-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p390-s1", "title": "history - Tohono O'odham Nation", "publisher": "tonation-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.tonation-nsn.gov/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “history - Tohono O'odham Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p390-s2", "title": "History & Culture - Tohono O'odham Nation", "publisher": "tonation-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.tonation-nsn.gov/about-tohono-oodham-nation/history-culture/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History & Culture - Tohono O'odham Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 293 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tohono-oodham", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "Tohono O'odham Nation of Arizona", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Arizona", "overview": "Tohono O'odham Nation of Arizona has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "tohono-oodham-nation-of-arizona", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AZ", "name": "Arizona", "key": "us-az" } ] }, { "originalId": 391, "name": "Tojolabal", "region": "Mexico / Chiapas", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tojolabal is a distinct Maya people and language name associated with Chiapas.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tojolabal is a distinct Maya people and language name associated with Chiapas.", "sourceIds": [ "p391-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community naming, language, land and contemporary local histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p391-s1", "p391-s2", "p391-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p391-s1", "title": "Tojolabales - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/tojolabales-etnografia/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Tojolabales - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p391-s2", "title": "Monografía. Tojolabales", "publisher": "inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inpi.gob.mx/2021/dmdocuments/tojolabales.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Monografía. Tojolabales” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p391-s3", "title": "Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales", "publisher": "inali.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inali.gob.mx/sitios/clin-inali/html/l_tojolabal.html", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tojolabal", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 392, "name": "Tolowa", "region": "California / Oregon", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tolowa people have coastal homelands near the California–Oregon border.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tolowa people have coastal homelands near the California–Oregon border.", "sourceIds": [ "p392-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-preferred naming, language and distinct tribal institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p392-s1", "p392-s2", "p392-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p392-s1", "title": "Tolowa Dee-ni' Nation, CA | Official Website", "url": "https://tolowa.gov/", "publisher": "tolowa.gov", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p392-s2", "title": "Tolowa Dee-ni' Nation, CA | Official Website", "publisher": "tolowa.gov", "url": "https://www.tolowa.gov/?page_id=7238", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Tolowa Dee-ni' Nation, CA | Official Website” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p392-s3", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Tolowa", "publisher": "public-inspection.federalregister.gov", "url": "https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2019-08228.pdf?1556023527=", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Tolowa” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tolowa", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest", "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" }, { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" } ] }, { "originalId": 393, "name": "Tolupan", "region": "Central America / Honduras", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tolupan is an Indigenous people name in Honduras, also written Tolupán.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tolupan is an Indigenous people name in Honduras, also written Tolupán.", "sourceIds": [ "p393-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community histories, language, territory and contemporary organization. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p393-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p393-s1", "title": "Tolupán", "publisher": "diccionariolesho.unah.edu.hn", "url": "https://diccionariolesho.unah.edu.hn/lecciones/tolupan/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Tolupán” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tolupan", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "HN", "name": "Honduras", "key": "hn" } ] }, { "originalId": 394, "name": "Tonkawa", "region": "Great Plains / Texas / Oklahoma", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma is a contemporary sovereign community. The Tribe’s public history centers the 1884–1885 forced removal from Fort Griffin, Texas, to Oakland in present-day Oklahoma. Historical records describe Tonkawa-speaking communities and named groups across Texas and the southern plains, but their composition, earlier locations, and relationships remain debated. This guide puts the Tribe’s present account beside archival and scholarly records, including a treaty, federal reports, and a later Tonkawa memorial challenging a land cession.", "sections": [ { "title": "A contemporary Tribe and the scope of this entry", "text": "The Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma’s public profile places its headquarters and community in Kay County and describes an elected Tribal Committee and a constitution adopted in 1938 with amendments listed through 2014. The same undated page lists population, enrollment, and acreage totals; those figures are omitted as current statistics. This entry centers the present-day Tribe while examining older Tonkawa and Tonkawa-associated names as historical records use them.", "sourceIds": [ "p394-s4", "p394-s1", "p394-s12" ] }, { "title": "Names and language", "text": "The Tribe’s public history gives “Tickanwa-tic” as its self-name and identifies “Tonkaweya” as a Waco/Wichita name. Spellings in older records vary. Don Paterson’s introductory language outline was prepared for the Tribe’s language-restoration program; it includes a pronunciation guide and a first lesson, and explains its intended learning context. It documents a public educational resource, not the current reach of language programs or a count of speakers.", "sourceIds": [ "p394-s1", "p394-s7", "p394-s9", "p394-s6" ] }, { "title": "Texas histories and changing geography", "text": "TxDOT’s 2021 report follows references from the seventeenth century through the nineteenth, including mission activity around the San Xavier/San Gabriel rivers and later locations across central Texas. Jones’s 1969 Smithsonian study assembles older colonial and American accounts. These records are uneven and mediated; their named bands and locations do not form a precise boundary map. TxDOT describes the statewide project as collaborative with participating Tribes, but this specific Tonkawa report does not identify a Tribal reviewer or approval.", "sourceIds": [ "p394-s5", "p394-s6", "p394-s8" ] }, { "title": "Diplomacy and written agreements", "text": "A November 1837 treaty records terms negotiated by Tonkawa head chiefs and a Republic of Texas commissioner, including mutual peace language and a Republic-appointed trading agent. The 1846 Council Springs treaty text names Long-wha among ten participating Native groups; a signatory page separately labels a group of marks “Tonkaways.” Its articles describe U.S. control of trade, prisoner exchanges, rules for movement and criminal complaints, and proposed blacksmiths and schoolteachers. The archival title gives a March 1847 ratification date, but the linked advice-and-consent and ratification instruments, implementation, and Tonkawa interpretations were not inspected. The archive’s normalized nation fields omit Tonkawa even though the title and treaty pages name the group. These documents show what governments recorded in particular proceedings; they do not establish a modern boundary or one Tonkawa view of every agreement.", "sourceIds": [ "p394-s11", "p394-s13", "p394-s5" ] }, { "title": "Removal and the Tribe’s own commemoration", "text": "The Tribe dates removal from Fort Griffin to October 1884 and describes travel through the Sac and Fox and Ponca agencies before arrival at Oakland on June 30, 1885. It calls this forced journey its “Trail of Tears” and connects the date with its annual powwow. TxDOT’s later government chronology adds federal-policy context. The Tribe’s commemorative language is presented in its own voice; details are not extended beyond the sources.", "sourceIds": [ "p394-s1", "p394-s5" ] }, { "title": "The 1862 Fort Cobb attack and Texas’s request for relief", "text": "Joseph Connole’s 2019 scholarly article reviews several explanations for the 1862 Fort Cobb attack and massacre, including accusations about cannibalism, the wider assault on the agency, and accumulated intertribal and political conflicts. Connole argues that changing alliances and the failure of U.S. and Confederate authorities to protect the Tonkawa were central to their exposure; he also states that the immediate instigation remains uncertain and that only one first-hand account of the agency attack is known. A September 1866 letter from Texas Governor J. W. Throckmorton asks the federal commissioner for food, land and an agent for Tonkawa survivors who had returned to Texas. The letter describes events from the governor’s perspective and links relief to state frontier policy. Neither work supplies a Tonkawa-authored narrative of the massacre, and the article’s interpretation and numbers remain attributed. A separate 1876 congressional document prints earlier federal correspondence on Tonkawa people at Fort Griffin. Army officers discuss ration stoppages, brief relief, and possible reservation placement; these statements show the government’s administrative record and proposals, not a Tonkawa account or proof that a proposed relocation occurred.", "sourceIds": [ "p394-s14", "p394-s15", "p394-s17" ] }, { "title": "A 1866 Texas act and the Tribe’s later land claim", "text": "An 1866 Texas law provided for a league of unappropriated state land to be used as a Tonkawa home while the Tribe lived there; the governor was to select the site and the fee remained with the state. In a corrected 1996 opinion, the Fifth Circuit reviewed the Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma’s later suit against Texas officials and affirmed summary judgment for the State. The court held that the act did not itself perfect a vested land grant because the State had not designated a site and the Tribe had not used the designated land as a homeland. This is the panel’s interpretation of a specific Texas statute and claim, not a ruling on the full extent of Tonkawa homelands or on the Tribe’s present existence. Later treatment of the case was not reviewed.", "sourceIds": [ "p394-s16" ] }, { "title": "The 1891 land cession in two records", "text": "A 1892 federal Senate document transmits the 1891 agreement and reproduces agency and commission reports about allotments, the land involved, compensation, and the commissioners’ view of Tonkawa title. A memorial adopted by the Tonkawa Tribe in council in 1907 and presented to Congress in 1908 challenges the agreement’s terms and describes members’ understandings and absences. The memorial and affidavits are primary evidence of the Tribe’s later claim and testimony, not a judicial ruling; the federal reports are evidence of government reasoning, not a neutral account of consent. Reading both makes the disagreement visible without deciding it. Individual allotment schedules and burial-location details are not reproduced.", "sourceIds": [ "p394-s10", "p394-s12" ] }, { "title": "What remains uncertain", "text": "Historical sources disagree about the timing and direction of Tonkawa movement, which named bands became associated with the Tonkawa, and possible archaeological links. The proposed Toyah connection in Jones is explicitly uncertain. Secondary accounts give differing casualty estimates for the 1862 massacre; underlying records and community accounts need more direct comparison. A 1996 Handbook entry’s statement that the Tonkawa were no longer distinguishable as a tribe is contradicted by the present-day Tonkawa Tribe and is not used to describe current identity.", "sourceIds": [ "p394-s5", "p394-s6", "p394-s8", "p394-s4", "p394-s12", "p394-s14", "p394-s15", "p394-s16", "p394-s17" ] }, { "title": "Reading path and remaining work", "text": "Start with the Tribe’s own history and government pages, then read its public language-learning outline. Compare the complete visible 1837 treaty transcription and selected 1846 Council Springs treaty pages with the 1891 federal agreement record and the council-adopted 1907 memorial, noting their different authors, purposes, and limits. The 1846 archive page links the main scan and separate ratification records; only treaty text through the signatory pages was inspected. The corrected Fifth Circuit opinion is useful for understanding the Tribe’s later 1866-law claim and its narrow legal disposition; it is not a general homeland history or current legal advice. Connole’s scholarly account and Throckmorton’s 1866 letter add a secondary interpretation and a contemporary state-government response to the 1862 violence; read both with their perspectives and limits visible. TxDOT’s chronology and Jones’s Smithsonian study offer historical syntheses whose cited records and assumptions should be checked. This remains an initial source guide rather than a full history or a community-reviewed account. The documentary is a lead for future work; the film and its interviews were not viewed. The 1876 Fort Griffin correspondence offers a government-side record of ration decisions and proposed placement for Tonkawa and Lipan people; read it as administrative evidence and distinguish recommendations from completed action.", "sourceIds": [ "p394-s1", "p394-s4", "p394-s5", "p394-s6", "p394-s7", "p394-s10", "p394-s11", "p394-s12", "p394-s3", "p394-s14", "p394-s15", "p394-s13", "p394-s16", "p394-s17" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p394-s1", "title": "History | Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma", "publisher": "Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma", "url": "https://tonkawatribe.com/language-culture/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led / community history", "topics": [ "Tonkawa identity", "Texas history", "1884–1885 removal", "community commemoration" ], "annotation": "The Tribe’s own public account identifies its self-name as Tickanwa-tic and describes the 1884–1885 removal from Fort Griffin to Oakland, which the Tribe calls its “Trail of Tears.” It also gives a short account of earlier Texas history and connects the June powwow date to the removal commemoration. The page is undated and contains older stereotypes and generalized language; this guide avoids those passages and attributes its historical account to the Tribe.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "author": "Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma; no individual author shown", "publicationDate": "Undated; site footer 2025 does not date this page", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible page body, including the Tribe’s naming statement, brief early-history account, removal sequence, and commemorative framing (page lines 17–46). No linked images or map were inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p394-s2", "title": "Powwows | Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma", "publisher": "Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma", "url": "https://tonkawatribe.com/language-culture/powwows/", "type": "Indigenous-led / community publication", "topics": [ "public powwow information", "Tonkawa community account" ], "annotation": "Retained as a community-published access point, but excluded from the substantive count. The page mixes public powwow material with descriptions that it itself identifies as secret; the profile does not reproduce those passages or treat the page as an unrestricted source for ceremonial knowledge.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "author": "Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma; no individual author shown", "publicationDate": "Undated; site footer 2025 does not date this page", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible page body to identify its scope and explicit restriction language. No ceremony-specific descriptions are reproduced; no associated images or events were independently inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p394-s3", "title": "Tonkawa: They All Stay Together — production and film information", "publisher": "Sugarloaf Pictures, LLC", "url": "https://www.tonkawathemovie.com/", "type": "Filmmaker-authored documentary project and media lead", "topics": [ "Tonkawa community life", "documentary production", "oral history and language-learning lead" ], "annotation": "The filmmakers describe a four-year project made in collaboration with the Tonkawa Tribe and say tribal leaders and elders reviewed footage. This statement is the production company’s account of its process, not independent verification. The full film and trailer have not been viewed, so their contents are not used as evidence and this card remains outside the substantive count. The project is a promising lead for future review of public oral-history and contemporary community material; do not assume that all filmed ceremonies are intended for unrestricted circulation.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "author": "Sugarloaf Pictures; its site describes collaboration with the Tonkawa Tribe", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "inspectionStatus": "Unread suggested media", "publicationDate": "Filming described as June 2022–April 2025; site copyright 2020–2025", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete public project/about pages (turns 2211view3 and 2217view1; visible text lines 5–42 and 7–42 respectively). The trailer, feature film, footage, interviews, and oral histories were not played or read." }, { "id": "p394-s4", "title": "Tribal Profile — Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma", "publisher": "Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma", "author": "Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma; no individual author shown", "url": "https://tonkawatribe.com/about/", "type": "Indigenous-led / tribal-government profile", "topics": [ "present-day government", "Kay County community", "land status", "government structure" ], "publicationDate": "Undated; site footer 2025 does not date the profile figures", "annotation": "The Tribe’s institutional page locates its headquarters and reserve in Kay County and describes its elected three-member Tribal Committee and 1938 constitution with listed amendments. Acreage, enrollment, population, businesses, and service listings on the page are undated and are not presented here as current figures.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible body, especially the location/land-status and government sections (lines 23–49). Undated population and acreage figures are excluded from synthesis; the linked elder interview was not played.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p394-s5", "title": "Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma Research Report — TxDOT Tribal Histories", "publisher": "Texas Department of Transportation", "author": "Texas Department of Transportation; individual report author not identified in the inspected text", "url": "https://ftp.txdot.gov/pub/txdot-info/env/toolkit/415-09-rpt%20.pdf", "type": "Government historical synthesis", "topics": [ "Tonkawa history in Texas", "Spanish colonial records", "missions", "Brazos Reservation", "Civil War", "Fort Griffin", "removal to Indian Territory" ], "publicationDate": "August 2021", "annotation": "This 30-page chronological research report compiles scholarship and records for Texas transportation planning and public education. TxDOT describes its broader Tribal Histories project as collaborative with participating Tribes, but the Tonkawa report itself does not identify a specific Tribal reviewer or approval; it is therefore treated as a government synthesis, not as a Tonkawa-authored account. Its reconstructions of early bands, locations, and 1862 casualty totals remain attributed to the report and cited literature.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the report introduction and selected chronology: PDF pages 3–10, 15–29, including bibliography entries at pages 29–30. Pages 11–14 and most bibliography entries were not reviewed. Figures/maps were not visually inspected and are not used as map evidence.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p394-s6", "title": "Notes on the History and Material Culture of the Tonkawa Indians", "publisher": "Smithsonian Institution, Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology 2(5)", "author": "William K. Jones", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-SI3-PURL-gpo218631/pdf/GOVPUB-SI3-PURL-gpo218631.pdf", "type": "Scholarly historical and material-culture study", "topics": [ "historical geography", "colonial-era records", "material culture", "historiography" ], "publicationDate": "1969", "annotation": "Jones places a historical sketch alongside a study of objects collected by U.S. Army surgeon Henry McElderry at Fort Griffin in 1868. The work is valuable for its named documents and the history of the collection, but it reflects a 1969 museum and ethnological framework and relies on older colonial and scholarly accounts. Its proposed archaeological links and broad identity/language classifications are uncertain or dated and are not treated as settled evidence. Object descriptions and images are not reproduced here.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the title/contents, introduction, selected historical-sketch pages (printed pp. 65–71), the conclusion section (printed p. 77), and selected bibliography/context passages. The full object catalogue on printed pp. 74–76 was not reviewed; maps listed by the work were not inspected as images.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p394-s7", "title": "Beginning to Learn Tonkawa: An Elementary Outline of Tonkawa Grammar", "publisher": "Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma, Language Restoration and Preservation Program Series", "author": "Don Paterson", "url": "https://tonkawatribe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Lesson1.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led language-learning resource prepared for the Tribe", "topics": [ "Tonkawa language", "language learning", "community language restoration" ], "publicationDate": "2015 program series; PDF does not provide a more precise release date", "annotation": "Paterson prepared this 24-page learning outline for the Tonkawa Tribe’s language-restoration and preservation program. Its introduction describes an educational goal of renewed use and bilingual community life, and the text includes a pronunciation guide, teaching guidance, and a first lesson. This is a language-learning resource, not a substitute for a current account of community language programs; the instructor guidance should be understood in its stated classroom context.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the cover and introduction, pronunciation guide, teaching goals/methods, and the first lesson’s question-and-answer material (PDF pages 1–15 and 18–22). Remaining pages and any associated audio were not reviewed.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p394-s8", "title": "Tonkawa Indians — Handbook of Texas Online", "publisher": "Texas State Historical Association", "author": "Jeffrey D. Carlisle", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/tonkawa-indians", "type": "Historical encyclopedia entry / secondary synthesis", "topics": [ "Tonkawa historical overview", "Texas history", "older historiography" ], "publicationDate": "1996; accessed through current Handbook of Texas Online page", "annotation": "A concise older synthesis that can be compared with the Tribe’s account, TxDOT’s 2021 report, and Jones’s 1969 study. The article includes unsourced or broad claims, dated cultural generalizations, and a 1951 statement implying the Tonkawa were no longer a distinct tribe; that last claim conflicts with the contemporary Tonkawa Tribe government and must not be repeated as a fact about present-day identity. Kept as a contextual reference, not counted toward the substantive target.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible article body and its “Learn More” bibliography (lines 6–47). No linked books or underlying works were read as part of this review.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p394-s9", "title": "Language — Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma", "publisher": "Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma", "author": "Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma; no individual author shown", "url": "https://tonkawatribe.com/language-culture/language/", "type": "Indigenous-led community learning-resource index", "topics": [ "Tonkawa language", "public lessons", "learning materials" ], "publicationDate": "Undated; site footer 2025 does not date the page", "annotation": "The Tribe’s public language page provides a sound guide and points learners to a series of lessons, a dictionary, and other materials. The linked dictionary was too large for the normal content reader and a direct ordinary request returned 403; neither event establishes a reader paywall, and no restriction was bypassed. The dictionary remains unread and uncounted. This index is supporting-only; the inspected Lesson 1 is catalogued separately.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible page body, including the sound guide, learning-resource descriptions, and language references (lines 18–128). Lesson 1 was reviewed separately; linked dictionary, audio, other lessons, coloring book, and story were not counted as inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "id": "p394-s10", "title": "Agreement with the Tonkawa Tribe for cession of lands in Oklahoma Territory — S. Ex. Doc. 52-13", "publisher": "United States Congress, Senate, Congressional Serial Set", "author": "President Benjamin Harrison; Secretary of the Interior John W. Noble; Commissioner of Indian Affairs T. J. Morgan; Cherokee Commission report and agreement reproduced", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/SERIALSET-02892_00_00-012-0013-0000", "type": "Primary federal executive document and agreement", "topics": [ "1891 Tonkawa land agreement", "allotments", "Oakland reservation", "federal land policy" ], "publicationDate": "January 6, 1892; agreement dated October 21, 1891", "annotation": "This federal document transmits the 1891 Tonkawa land agreement and reproduces reports from the Department of the Interior and the Cherokee Commission. It states aggregate acreage and compensation and records the commissioners’ own description of the transaction and their view of Tonkawa land rights. It is strong evidence of the government’s position and the document sent to Congress, not a neutral account of the negotiation or proof that Tonkawa participants shared the commissioners’ understanding. The individual allotment schedule and burial-location details are not reproduced in this guide.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the full 16-page public PDF’s transmittal, agency/commission reports, agreement articles, and selected contextual pages (PDF pages 1–6). The individualized land schedule was not reviewed in detail or reproduced; the Senate document is a government record of the agreement, not an independent account of consent or implementation.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p394-s11", "title": "1837 Treaty between Texas and the Tonkawa — Indian Papers of Texas and the Southwest, vol. I, pp. 28–29", "publisher": "Texas State Library and Archives Commission / Texas History Trust digital edition", "author": "Tonkawa head chiefs and Republic of Texas commissioner Henry W. Karnes; reproduced in the edited volume by Dorman H. Winfrey and James M. Day", "url": "https://archive.texashistorytrust.org/view/49896224/34/", "type": "Primary treaty text in a scholarly archival compilation", "topics": [ "Tonkawa–Republic of Texas relations", "trade regulation", "peace agreement", "1837 diplomacy" ], "publicationDate": "Treaty dated November 22, 1837; volume published 1995", "annotation": "This transcribed treaty records an agreement between Tonkawa head chiefs and the Republic of Texas. Its articles describe reciprocal promises of peace and a state-appointed trading agent with a controlling role in trade. The document captures the contracting governments’ written terms and the language of its period; it does not establish how each provision worked in practice or provide a complete account of Tonkawa political decision-making. The digitized pages are part of an edited compilation of Texas Indian papers.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete treaty transcription across printed pp. 28–29 (digital pages 34–35), including the articles, signatures/marks, and ratification note. The surrounding volume is not counted as read.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p394-s12", "title": "Memorial of the Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma relating to claims against the United States — S. Doc. 60-206", "publisher": "Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma; printed by the U.S. Senate in the Congressional Serial Set", "author": "Memorial adopted by the Tonkawa Tribe at Oakland Agency on January 2, 1907; member affidavits and historical extracts appended", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/SERIALSET-05264_00_00-016-0206-0000", "type": "Primary community petition and member testimony in a congressional record", "topics": [ "Tonkawa claims about 1891 land cession", "community testimony", "land and allotment history", "federal relations" ], "publicationDate": "Memorial adopted January 2, 1907; presented to Senate January 28, 1908", "annotation": "This six-page Senate document reproduces a memorial adopted by the Tonkawa Tribe in council and affidavits from members contesting the 1891 cession’s terms and the way it was negotiated. Their claims are direct evidence of the Tribe’s later position and named members’ recollections, not a judicial finding or independent valuation. The memorial’s account should be read alongside the 1892 federal document, which records commissioners’ contrasting assessment. It also reprints older federal agent reports with their own colonial and comparative framing; those passages are attributed rather than adopted.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read all six PDF pages, including the council memorial, affidavits by Frank E. Mason, John Rush Buffalo, and John Allen, and appended excerpts from federal agents’ reports. Claims about the negotiation are attributed to the memorialists and affiants; the appended agent language is not treated as Tonkawa testimony. No individualized allotment or burial site details were published.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p394-s13", "title": "Ratified Indian Treaty 246: Council Springs, May 15, 1846 — treaty text and archival record", "publisher": "National Archives and Records Administration and Indigenous Digital Archive (Museum of Indian Arts and Culture)", "author": "Catalog metadata and transcription project; treaty signatories are multiple nations", "url": "https://digitreaties.org/treaties/treaty/175516187/", "type": "Primary treaty text and archival record", "topics": [ "1846 Council Springs treaty", "multinational treaty context", "Tonkawa under the recorded name Longwha" ], "publicationDate": "Treaty concluded May 15, 1846; ratified March 8, 1847", "annotation": "The National Archives / Indigenous Digital Archive record supplies the treaty title, a scan viewer with transcribed text, and links to separate Senate and presidential ratification records. The treaty preamble and signatory pages name the Tonkawa as “Long-wha” / “Tonkaways” among multiple Native parties. Its articles record the U.S. government’s terms on trade, prisoners, criminal complaints, and proposed services. This is a federal treaty text in its own period language, not a Tonkawa-authored interpretation or proof of implementation. The archive’s normalized named-nation fields omit Tonkawa despite the title and treaty pages; that indexing discrepancy is retained.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete visible metadata and the scan viewer’s transcribed/OCR text for viewer pages 2–10: treaty preamble and articles (pages 2–7) plus signatory lists, including the Tonkawa/Tonkaways page (page 10). The 22-page archival object’s linked Senate advice-and-consent and presidential ratification instruments, other duplicate copies, and later implementation records were not inspected. No signatory marks were individually identified or interpreted.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p394-s14", "title": "A Terrible Truth: The Tonkawa Massacre of 1862", "author": "Joseph Connole", "publisher": "Chronicles of Oklahoma, 97(4), Winter 2019–2020, pp. 450–467; Oklahoma Historical Society / Gateway to Oklahoma History, UNT Libraries", "url": "https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc2017477/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "1862 massacre", "Civil War", "Texas and Indian Territory", "Government relations" ], "annotation": "An 18-page article in the Oklahoma Historical Society’s scholarly journal. Connole compares explanations for the 1862 attack and argues that long-running political alliances and failures of federal and Confederate protection shaped the Tonkawa’s vulnerability. This is the author’s secondary interpretation, not a Tonkawa-authored account or a settled consensus; his own opening discussion says the instigators and immediate reasons remain unclear.", "contentReviewScope": "Complete article body, printed pp. 450–465, and selected endnotes pp. 466–467 inspected from the UNT/Oklahoma Historical Society digital copy. The author relies on cited historical scholarship and government reports; most cited underlying records were not independently re-read in this pass. The article notes one known first-hand account of the Fort Cobb attack. Its casualty estimate and causal interpretation remain attributed. The map and archival photograph were not separately inspected.", "publicationDate": "Winter 2019–2020", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Scholarly secondary article" }, { "id": "p394-s15", "title": "Letter from J. W. Throckmorton to the U.S. Commissioner of Indian Affairs, September 20, 1866", "author": "James W. Throckmorton, Governor of Texas", "publisher": "Indian Papers of Texas and the Southwest, vol. IV, no. 80, printed pp. 110–112; Texas History Trust / University of North Texas Libraries", "url": "https://archive.texashistorytrust.org/view/49759399/127/", "type": "Primary source", "topics": [ "Tonkawa after the 1862 massacre", "Texas government", "Postwar relief and land" ], "annotation": "A contemporary state-executive letter asking federal officials to provide Tonkawa survivors with food, land, an agent and other assistance after their return to Texas. Throckmorton gives one official explanation for the attack and presents the survivors’ needs alongside frontier-security concerns. The language, reported figures and causal account are the governor’s claims, not a Tonkawa voice, a neutral count, or proof that the requests were implemented.", "contentReviewScope": "Full transcribed letter read across printed pp. 110–112 in the edited volume. The archive page OCR and displayed text were inspected; the original Executive Record Book manuscript, federal response and any later appropriation or land transfer were not checked. The unrelated next letter beginning on p. 112 was excluded.", "publicationDate": "September 20, 1866 (document); edited volume publication date not established in this review", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Edited primary-source government correspondence" }, { "id": "p394-s16", "title": "Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma v. Richards, No. 94-50369 (corrected opinion following rehearing)", "author": "United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit; opinion by Judge Robert M. Parker", "publisher": "United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit", "url": "https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/opinions/pub/94/94-50369.CV1.wpd.pdf", "type": "Federal appellate opinion / primary legal record", "topics": [ "Texas", "1866 Texas act", "land claim", "legal history", "Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma" ], "annotation": "The corrected February 9, 1996 appellate opinion recounts the Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma’s suit over the 1866 Texas act, which provided for a one-league home site selected by the Governor. The Fifth Circuit affirmed summary judgment for Texas and held that the act did not create a perfected, self-executing grant under the record and statutory language before the panel. The decision addresses that statute and case; it is not a general historical-homeland survey, a statement about present Tonkawa identity, or current legal advice. The court states that the opinion replaced its October 1995 version after rehearing to correct a factual error; only the corrected text is used here.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the official 20-page opinion’s opening and procedural history, its reproduction of the 1864 resolution and 1866 act, the background to the Tribe’s later claim, the statutory and Nonintercourse Act analysis, the court’s conclusion, and the rehearing correction (PDF pp. 1–5, 8–10, 12–17, 20). The underlying 1866 legislative record, district-court docket, original 1992–1994 correspondence, and later treatment of the ruling were not independently checked. Historical facts recounted by the opinion remain attributed to the court and cited sources.", "publicationDate": "Corrected opinion filed February 9, 1996; substituted after rehearing for the October 23, 1995 opinion", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "title": "Tonkawa Indians at Fort Griffin, Texas — H. Ex. Doc. 44-102", "author": "U.S. House of Representatives; correspondence by War Department, Interior Department, and Army officers", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office, Congressional Serial Set; digitized by the Law Library of Congress", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/SERIALSET-01689_00_00-020-0102-0000/pdf/SERIALSET-01689_00_00-020-0102-0000.pdf", "type": "Primary government correspondence / Congressional Serial Set document", "publicationDate": "February 1, 1876; compiles correspondence from 1872–1876", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the full searchable text of the eight-page public PDF, including its letters and reports dated 1872–1876. The OCR text was inspected; the page images, handwriting, signatures, and original correspondence files were not independently inspected. The authors write from federal and military administrative positions, not as Tonkawa or Lipan narrators. No reader access restriction was encountered.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceKind": "Primary government record", "id": "p394-s17", "topics": [ "Fort Griffin, Texas", "Tonkawa", "federal administration", "1874–1876", "rations and proposed relocation" ], "annotation": "This 1876 federal compilation reproduces correspondence about Tonkawa people at Fort Griffin. Army officers describe the cessation and temporary resumption of rations and recommend a reservation or other assistance; the Interior Department discusses possible destinations. These records document government decision-making and administrative language, not Tonkawa testimony or the community’s own understanding. Proposed transfers are not treated as completed events, and no current status is inferred from the period’s categories." } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "coverageLevel": "reviewed-source-guide", "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "rationale": "Twelve substantive inspected works support a careful initial guide: the Tribe’s public history and language materials, TxDOT’s 2021 historical synthesis, Jones’s 1969 Smithsonian study, the 1837 Texas treaty, the 1846 multination Council Springs treaty, the 1891 federal agreement record, a council-adopted Tonkawa memorial with member affidavits, the corrected Fifth Circuit opinion on the 1866 Texas act, a scholarly study of the 1862 massacre, an 1866 Texas governor’s letter, and an 1876 federal compilation on Tonkawa and Lipan people at Fort Griffin. Five supporting access/context references remain excluded. The new congressional document adds government correspondence about ration decisions and proposed relocation; it is not Tonkawa testimony and does not show that proposals were implemented. The collection still relies heavily on government and outside written records and does not provide a full Tonkawa-authored account of the massacre. It remains unfinished and does not settle the causes of the 1862 attack, consent to the 1891 cession, or all questions about historical Texas relationships.", "remainingLimits": [ "The 1862 massacre article is a secondary interpretation. Tonkawa-authored or community-held public accounts of the event and the original underlying government records need further review; no single-cause explanation is adopted.", "The timing/direction of earlier movement, composition of named bands, language classification, and archaeological associations remain contested or uncertain.", "The 1837 treaty, 1891 agreement, and 1907 memorial have been read, but related federal/Republic records, ratification/implementation documentation, and later claim disposition still require systematic review.", "The 1846 Council Springs treaty scan’s transcribed text and signatory pages were read; separate ratification instruments, later implementation, and Tonkawa-specific interpretations remain unreviewed.", "Current community-authored cultural, language-program, and historical publications need broader review. The 2020 museum booklet and large dictionary were not fully inspected; failed automated access is not treated as a paywall.", "The documentary site describes collaboration and an oral-history film project, but neither film nor interviews were viewed; culturally sensitive footage may require limits on public use.", "Current population, enrollment, acreage, and program-status figures are not claimed from undated pages.", "This review did not inspect or add maps.", "The 1996 appellate decision addresses a specific claim under the 1866 Texas act; the underlying legislative record and later case treatment were not reviewed, and the ruling is not extended to broad homeland or present-identity questions." ], "searchScope": "Reviewed Tonkawa Tribe public history, government-profile and language pages; Don Paterson’s language lesson; selected pages of TxDOT’s 2021 report and Jones’s 1969 Smithsonian study; full visible Handbook of Texas entry; the 1837 treaty text, 1891 federal agreement document, and full 1907 Tonkawa memorial with member affidavits; and the 1846 NARA / Indigenous Digital Archive Treaty 246 record. It also reviewed the corrected 1996 Fifth Circuit opinion on the Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma’s suit under the 1866 Texas act. On October 23, 2026, read Joseph Connole’s full 18-page article, the full three-page 1866 Throckmorton letter, and the 1846 treaty viewer’s text through the signatory pages. The 1846 source’s separate ratification instruments and later implementation remain unread. The underlying 1866 legislative and district-court records and later treatment of the Fifth Circuit opinion remain unchecked. The article’s cited primary sources were not all independently checked; the Governor’s original manuscript and federal reply remain unread. Direct web searches prioritized community and archival materials. Large PDFs and the 2020 booklet were not bypassed when normal requests failed. On October 23, 2026, the full eight-page searchable text of H. Ex. Doc. 44-102 was read for its 1872–1876 federal and military correspondence; OCR artifacts and the uninspected scan images are noted.", "assessmentNote": "Adequacy is a dated editorial assessment, not community endorsement or research completion." }, "minimumSources": 9, "sourceMinimumReached": false, "evidenceNotes": [ "Review supplemented 2026-10-23. Eleven works count toward the substantive inspected-source target; five supporting/context references remain excluded. Each source card records authorship, actual inspection scope, review date, access limits and perspective.", "The 1837 treaty records terms negotiated with the Republic of Texas; it does not prove implementation. The 1891 federal Senate document records agency and commission positions. The 1907 Tonkawa memorial and affidavits are direct evidence of the later community claim and named testimony, not a legal finding. The two land-cession perspectives are cited together.", "The Tribe’s history and language pages are community-government publications. Older stereotyping and any page descriptions that the Tribe’s site itself identifies as secret are not reproduced.", "TxDOT describes its statewide Tribal Histories project as collaborative; the individual Tonkawa report does not name a specific Tonkawa reviewer.", "Jones’s Smithsonian work is a dated scholarly publication based on historical records and museum objects. The archaeology and broad historical classifications are not treated as settled.", "No undated population or enrollment figure is stated as current. The individual allotment schedules and burial location in the federal records are not copied into the narrative.", "Connole’s full article adds a scholarly interpretation of 1862 while acknowledging uncertain immediate causes and a limited firsthand record. Its casualty figures and conclusions remain attributed; the underlying cited records were not all independently reviewed.", "Throckmorton’s full 1866 letter is a contemporary state-government appeal for relief after Tonkawa survivors returned to Texas. It also frames state interests and frontier policy; it is not the Tonkawa community’s account, and requested aid is not proof of implementation.", "The owner-supplied Jumano-study URLs remain in the distinct reading-lead catalogue and are not treated as Tonkawa research or completed content checks. No map was inspected or added.", "The 1846 Council Springs scan viewer’s treaty text was read through the signatory pages. It names Long-wha / Tonkaways in the treaty text and signature roster while the archive’s normalized named-nation field omits Tonkawa. The record’s ratification date is catalogued as March 8, 1847, but the separate Senate and Presidential instruments and later implementation were not inspected; no acceptance or implementation claim is inferred.", "The corrected 1996 Fifth Circuit opinion is used for its narrow interpretation of the 1866 Texas act and the Tribe’s later lawsuit. The court affirmed summary judgment for the State, holding that the statutory one-league land provision was not a self-executing vested grant under the conditions before it. This is not a determination of the whole Tonkawa homeland history or present identity; underlying records and later case treatment remain unchecked." ], "researchGaps": [ "The 1862 massacre article is a secondary interpretation; seek further public Tonkawa-authored or community-held accounts and compare more of the original government records. Do not force a single-cause explanation from the present evidence.", "The timing/direction of earlier movement, composition of named bands, language classification, and archaeological associations remain contested or uncertain.", "The 1837 treaty, 1891 agreement, and 1907 memorial have been read, but related federal/Republic records, ratification/implementation documentation, and later claim disposition still require systematic review.", "The 1846 Council Springs treaty text and signatory pages have been inspected, but its separate 1847 advice-and-consent and presidential ratification instruments, implementation record, and Tonkawa-specific interpretations remain unread.", "Current community-authored cultural, language-program, and historical publications need broader review. The 2020 museum booklet and large dictionary were not fully inspected; failed automated access is not treated as a paywall.", "The documentary site describes collaboration and an oral-history film project, but neither film nor interviews were viewed; culturally sensitive footage may require limits on public use.", "Current population, enrollment, acreage, and program-status figures are not claimed from undated pages.", "This review did not inspect or add maps.", "The 1996 Fifth Circuit opinion resolves a narrow dispute over the Texas 1866 act on the record before that court; its underlying legislative/administrative materials and later treatment have not been surveyed. Do not extend its holding to broader Tonkawa homeland history or current identity." ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-01", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p394-s1", "reason": "The Tribe’s own history centers its name, removal experience and public commemoration." }, { "sourceId": "p394-s5", "reason": "The TxDOT report supplies a broader Texas chronology while identifying the historical evidence behind its government synthesis." }, { "sourceId": "p394-s7", "reason": "This inspected teaching outline gives an actual route into the Tribe’s language-restoration materials and classroom goals." }, { "sourceId": "p394-s12", "reason": "The council memorial and named affidavits preserve a Tonkawa challenge to the 1891 land cession’s terms and negotiation." } ], "scopeNote": "The present Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma is distinct from changing historical band labels and outsider classifications. The selected report is partially inspected government synthesis, the language booklet is dated, and the memorial is the Tribe’s later claim rather than a judicial finding.", "reviewRationale": "Community history, contextual chronology, real teaching material and a direct historical council voice support a useful bounded guide while early identities, original records and contemporary community coverage remain open.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Read the memorial against the contrasting federal cession account already catalogued as p394-s10; neither alone establishes shared consent, implementation or valuation.", "The dictionary, film and audio remain unread; the powwow page contains its own restriction language and is excluded from this starter path." ], "imageRecordId": "tonkawa-grant-richards-rinehart-bpl-1898", "reviewBasis": "Review of existing actual-content source records, retained evidence ledgers and image identification/rights records. No new original-source inspection count, fresh image inspection or comprehensive completion is implied.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false }, "added": false, "slug": "tonkawa", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "name": "Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Oklahoma", "overview": "Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "tonkawa-tribe-of-indians-of-oklahoma", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "originalId": 395, "name": "Tonto Apache", "region": "Southwest / Arizona", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Tonto Apache Tribe is a distinct contemporary Apache government in Arizona.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Tonto Apache Tribe is a distinct contemporary Apache government in Arizona.", "sourceIds": [ "p395-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Tribe-specific history, language context and relationships to wider Apache identities. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p395-s1", "p395-s2", "p395-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p395-s1", "title": "Tonto Apache War - Tonto National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)", "publisher": "nps.gov", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/tont/learn/historyculture/tonto-apache-war.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Tonto Apache War - Tonto National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p395-s2", "title": "TONTO APACHE TRIBE", "publisher": "nigc.gov", "url": "https://www.nigc.gov/?ind=11406&wpdmdl=11383", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “TONTO APACHE TRIBE” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p395-s3", "title": "Tonto Apache Tribe — Vacant", "publisher": "azed.gov", "url": "https://www.azed.gov/sites/default/files/oie/files/2018/06/2018-Indian-Education-Directory.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Tonto Apache Tribe — Vacant” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 16 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "researchLeads": [ { "url": "https://yavapai-apache.org/yavapai-apache-nation/", "title": "Yavapai-Apache Nation — introduction", "documentKey": "Tonto_Apache_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tonto Apache culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tonto Apache study: Payson tribal sources, historical Tonto/Western Apache context and related Yavapai-Apache Nation resources have distinct scopes. Bibliographic labels are provisional; original-source content review is pending.", "addedAt": "2026-10-20", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "A related Nation’s own account, already linked in the Atlas source table. Its institutions and constituent peoples must not be equated with the Payson Tonto Apache government. Automated request failed; this is not evidence of a reader paywall or removal.", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-20", "availabilityStatus": null }, { "url": "https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2509169122", "title": "Tree rings reveal persistent Western Apache (Ndee) fire stewardship and niche construction in the American Southwest (2025; supplied citation)", "documentKey": "Tonto_Apache_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tonto Apache culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tonto Apache study: Payson tribal sources, historical Tonto/Western Apache context and related Yavapai-Apache Nation resources have distinct scopes. Bibliographic labels are provisional; original-source content review is pending.", "addedAt": "2026-10-20", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Broader Western Apache research lead. Check actual study sites, periods, community involvement and conclusions before applying findings to a particular Tonto community. Automated request returned 403; original-source review remains pending.", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-20", "availabilityStatus": 403 }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/articles/apache.htm", "title": "Native Peoples of the Sonoran Desert: The Nde — National Park Service", "documentKey": "Tonto_Apache_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tonto Apache culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tonto Apache study: Payson tribal sources, historical Tonto/Western Apache context and related Yavapai-Apache Nation resources have distinct scopes. Bibliographic labels are provisional; original-source content review is pending.", "addedAt": "2026-10-20", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Broader Apache context. The supplied study identifies a San Carlos Apache musician; do not relabel that account as a Payson/Tonto interview.", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-20", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://repository.si.edu/bitstreams/8c2718e9-e170-4b4d-9cc3-1f7aa5835feb/download", "title": "The Gift of Changing Woman — Keith H. Basso (1966; supplied citation)", "documentKey": "Tonto_Apache_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tonto Apache culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tonto Apache study: Payson tribal sources, historical Tonto/Western Apache context and related Yavapai-Apache Nation resources have distinct scopes. Bibliographic labels are provisional; original-source content review is pending.", "addedAt": "2026-10-20", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Historical Cibecue ethnography, not a description of every present Tonto community. Check edition, context and cultural restrictions; do not reproduce ceremonial instructions. Automated request returned 403; original-source review remains pending.", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-20", "availabilityStatus": 403 }, { "url": "https://americanindian.si.edu/collections-search/object/NMAI_102624", "title": "Basket jar / water vessel — NMAI object NMAI_102624", "documentKey": "Tonto_Apache_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tonto Apache culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tonto Apache study: Payson tribal sources, historical Tonto/Western Apache context and related Yavapai-Apache Nation resources have distinct scopes. Bibliographic labels are provisional; original-source content review is pending.", "addedAt": "2026-10-20", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Inspect the object’s actual cultural attribution, provenance, acquisition date and materials. A catalogue record does not establish present practice or image-reuse rights. Automated request returned 403; original-source review remains pending.", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-20", "availabilityStatus": 403 }, { "url": "https://americanindian.si.edu/collections-search/object/NMAI_102621", "title": "Burden basket — NMAI object NMAI_102621", "documentKey": "Tonto_Apache_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tonto Apache culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tonto Apache study: Payson tribal sources, historical Tonto/Western Apache context and related Yavapai-Apache Nation resources have distinct scopes. Bibliographic labels are provisional; original-source content review is pending.", "addedAt": "2026-10-20", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "A distinct object-record lead. Keep maker, former owner and collector attribution separate; verify identification and image rights.", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-20", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/tont/learn/historyculture/yavapai_and_apache.htm", "title": "Yavapai and Tonto Apaches — Tonto National Monument", "documentKey": "Tonto_Apache_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tonto Apache culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tonto Apache study: Payson tribal sources, historical Tonto/Western Apache context and related Yavapai-Apache Nation resources have distinct scopes. Bibliographic labels are provisional; original-source content review is pending.", "addedAt": "2026-10-20", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Historical naming and conflict context. Check which people and settlements each passage describes rather than equating an old military label with a current government.", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-20", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://yavapai-apache.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/2024_01_12-Brief-History-of-YAN.pdf", "title": "A Brief History of the Yavapai-Apache Nation and Its Lands (2024; supplied citation)", "documentKey": "Tonto_Apache_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tonto Apache culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tonto Apache study: Payson tribal sources, historical Tonto/Western Apache context and related Yavapai-Apache Nation resources have distinct scopes. Bibliographic labels are provisional; original-source content review is pending.", "addedAt": "2026-10-20", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "The Yavapai-Apache Nation’s own historical context. Distinguish its scope and two peoples from the Payson tribe; the supplied dates and claims await original-source review. Automated request failed; this is not evidence of a reader paywall or removal.", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-20", "availabilityStatus": null }, { "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-86/pdf/STATUTE-86-Pg783.pdf", "title": "Public Law 92-470 — 86 Stat. 783 (1972; supplied citation)", "documentKey": "Tonto_Apache_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tonto Apache culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tonto Apache study: Payson tribal sources, historical Tonto/Western Apache context and related Yavapai-Apache Nation resources have distinct scopes. Bibliographic labels are provisional; original-source content review is pending.", "addedAt": "2026-10-20", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Payson-related statutory lead. The older Payson community name must not be matched automatically to today’s Yavapai-Apache Nation. Read the actual act and later community sources before interpreting it.", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-20", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://naair.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/constitution_tonto_apache_0.pdf", "title": "Constitution of the Tonto Apache Tribe — University of Arizona copy", "documentKey": "Tonto_Apache_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tonto Apache culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tonto Apache study: Payson tribal sources, historical Tonto/Western Apache context and related Yavapai-Apache Nation resources have distinct scopes. Bibliographic labels are provisional; original-source content review is pending.", "addedAt": "2026-10-20", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Payson Tonto Apache governmental document lead. Check adoption, amendments and the copy’s status before describing present governing rules.", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-20", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://naair.arizona.edu/tonto-apache-tribe", "title": "Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona — University of Arizona profile", "documentKey": "Tonto_Apache_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tonto Apache culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tonto Apache study: Payson tribal sources, historical Tonto/Western Apache context and related Yavapai-Apache Nation resources have distinct scopes. Bibliographic labels are provisional; original-source content review is pending.", "addedAt": "2026-10-20", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Payson community-profile lead. Verify the dates and categories behind any population or program information; no current figures are inferred.", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-20", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.tontoapacheschools.org/about-1", "title": "Tonto Apache Community School — About Us", "documentKey": "Tonto_Apache_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tonto Apache culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tonto Apache study: Payson tribal sources, historical Tonto/Western Apache context and related Yavapai-Apache Nation resources have distinct scopes. Bibliographic labels are provisional; original-source content review is pending.", "addedAt": "2026-10-20", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Potential community education source for the Payson tribe. The study’s school dates and program descriptions remain unverified until the original is read.", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-20", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://yavapai-apache.org/apache-grammar-and-use-of-the-apache-dictionary-class/", "title": "Apache grammar and dictionary class — Yavapai-Apache Nation", "documentKey": "Tonto_Apache_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tonto Apache culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tonto Apache study: Payson tribal sources, historical Tonto/Western Apache context and related Yavapai-Apache Nation resources have distinct scopes. Bibliographic labels are provisional; original-source content review is pending.", "addedAt": "2026-10-20", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "A dated Yavapai-Apache Nation language-program lead, not evidence that the Payson tribe runs the same class or that a program achieved measured outcomes. Automated request failed; this is not evidence of a reader paywall or removal.", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-20", "availabilityStatus": null }, { "url": "https://yavapai-apache.org/exodus-day-2026/", "title": "Exodus Day 2026 — Yavapai-Apache Nation", "documentKey": "Tonto_Apache_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tonto Apache culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tonto Apache study: Payson tribal sources, historical Tonto/Western Apache context and related Yavapai-Apache Nation resources have distinct scopes. Bibliographic labels are provisional; original-source content review is pending.", "addedAt": "2026-10-20", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "A Yavapai-Apache Nation public remembrance/program lead. Distinguish a scheduled event from verified occurrence and from Payson tribal institutions. Automated request failed; this is not evidence of a reader paywall or removal.", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-20", "availabilityStatus": null }, { "url": "https://yavapai-apache.org/darnell-and-tahnee-baker-humbly-request-your-prayers-as-we-co-sponsor-an-apache-sunrise-ceremony-in-honor-of-our-god-daughter/", "title": "Public family ceremonial announcement (2022; supplied citation) — Yavapai-Apache Nation", "documentKey": "Tonto_Apache_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tonto Apache culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tonto Apache study: Payson tribal sources, historical Tonto/Western Apache context and related Yavapai-Apache Nation resources have distinct scopes. Bibliographic labels are provisional; original-source content review is pending.", "addedAt": "2026-10-20", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "A dated public family notice retained as provenance. No ceremony details, participants or images are reproduced. Public posting does not authorize reuse of restricted cultural knowledge; review context before any later summary. Automated request failed; this is not evidence of a reader paywall or removal.", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-20", "availabilityStatus": null } ], "studyKeys": [ "Tonto_Apache_Culture_History_and_Timeline" ], "added": false, "slug": "tonto-apache", "searchTerms": [ "Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona" ], "regionGroups": [ "Southwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AZ", "name": "Arizona", "key": "us-az" } ] }, { "originalId": 397, "name": "Totonac", "region": "Mexico / Veracruz / Puebla", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Totonac people have communities in eastern Mexico with distinct local histories and language varieties.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Totonac people have communities in eastern Mexico with distinct local histories and language varieties.", "sourceIds": [ "p397-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Totonac self-designations, language diversity and community institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p397-s1", "p397-s2", "p397-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p397-s1", "title": "Totonacos - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/totonacos-etnografia/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Totonacos - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p397-s2", "title": "Reflexionan sobre la pervivencia del totonaco en el IV Foro del Decenio Internacional de Lenguas Indígenas", "publisher": "inah.gob.mx", "url": "https://inah.gob.mx/boletines/reflexionan-sobre-la-pervivencia-del-totonaco-en-el-iv-foro-del-decenio-internacional-de-lenguas-indigenas", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Reflexionan sobre la pervivencia del totonaco en el IV Foro del Decenio Internacional de Lenguas Indígenas” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p397-s3", "title": "Totonacos – Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/totonacos-lengua/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Totonacos – Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "totonac", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 396, "name": "Towa", "region": "Southwest / New Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Towa is a language and people context associated with Jemez Pueblo and Pecos histories.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Towa is a language and people context associated with Jemez Pueblo and Pecos histories.", "sourceIds": [ "p396-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Jemez-authored sources, language and distinct historical communities. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p396-s1", "p396-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p396-s1", "title": "About Jemez Pueblo – Pueblo of Jemez", "url": "https://www.jemezpueblo.org/about/", "publisher": "jemezpueblo.org", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p396-s2", "title": "Microsoft Word - 087-5675_MPD_Nottoway_Tribe_in_VA_2021_NRHP_FINAL", "publisher": "dhr.virginia.gov", "url": "https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/087-5675_MPD_Nottoway_Tribe_in_VA_2021_MPD_FINAL_nomination.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Microsoft Word - 087-5675_MPD_Nottoway_Tribe_in_VA_2021_NRHP_FINAL” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 150, 285 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "towa", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] }, { "originalId": 399, "name": "Triqui", "region": "Mexico / Oaxaca", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Triqui is a people and language name encompassing distinct communities in Oaxaca.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Triqui is a people and language name encompassing distinct communities in Oaxaca.", "sourceIds": [ "p399-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Local names, language varieties, migration and community histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p399-s1", "p399-s2", "p399-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p399-s1", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Triqui", "publisher": "ich.unesco.org", "url": "https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/Signed%20periodic%20report%20-%20Periodic%20report-50341.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Triqui” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p399-s2", "title": "Triquis - Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/triquis-lengua/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Triquis - Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p399-s3", "title": "Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales", "publisher": "inali.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inali.gob.mx/sitios/clin-inali/html/v_triqui.html", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "triqui", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 398, "name": "Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in", "region": "Yukon", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in is a contemporary First Nation with enduring relationships to the Yukon River and Dawson region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in is a contemporary First Nation with enduring relationships to the Yukon River and Dawson region.", "sourceIds": [ "p398-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Hän language, community-authored history, land and self-government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p398-s1", "p398-s2", "p398-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p398-s1", "title": "Our Story - Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in Government", "publisher": "trondek.ca", "url": "https://www.trondek.ca/who-we-are/our-story/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Government" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Our Story - Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in Government” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p398-s2", "title": "Tr’ochëk - Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in Government", "publisher": "trondek.ca", "url": "https://www.trondek.ca/who-we-are/our-territory/trochek/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Tr’ochëk - Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in Government” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p398-s3", "title": "Tr’ondëk-Klondike, Yukon", "publisher": "parks.canada.ca", "url": "https://parks.canada.ca/culture/spm-whs/sites-canada/trondek-klondike", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Tr’ondëk-Klondike, Yukon” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 123 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "trondek-hwechin", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-YT", "name": "Yukon", "key": "ca-yt" } ] }, { "originalId": 400, "name": "Tsawwassen", "region": "British Columbia", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tsawwassen First Nation has homelands in the lower Fraser River and Salish Sea region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tsawwassen First Nation has homelands in the lower Fraser River and Salish Sea region.", "sourceIds": [ "p400-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-authored history, language and contemporary self-government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p400-s1", "p400-s2", "p400-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p400-s1", "title": "TSAWWASSEN FIRST NATIONxʷəliwənstəxʷ kʷθə syówénə", "publisher": "tsawwassenfirstnation.com", "url": "https://tsawwassenfirstnation.com/pdfs/TFN-About/Information-Centre/Strategic-Planning/Honouring_Our_Ancestors_Charter.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “TSAWWASSEN FIRST NATIONxʷəliwənstəxʷ kʷθə syówénə” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p400-s2", "title": "Treaty and Constitution – Tsawwassen First Nation", "publisher": "tsawwassenfirstnation.com", "url": "https://tsawwassenfirstnation.com/governance-overview/treaty-and-constitution/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Treaty and Constitution – Tsawwassen First Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p400-s3", "title": "Tsawwassen First Nation - Province of British Columbia", "publisher": "www2.gov.bc.ca", "url": "https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/environment/natural-resource-stewardship/consulting-with-first-nations/first-nations-negotiations/first-nations-a-z-listing/tsawwassen-first-nation", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Tsawwassen First Nation - Province of British Columbia” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tsawwassen", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 401, "name": "Tseltal", "region": "Mexico / Chiapas", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tseltal is a Maya people and language name in Chiapas, also written Tzeltal.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tseltal is a Maya people and language name in Chiapas, also written Tzeltal.", "sourceIds": [ "p401-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language varieties, community naming and local histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p401-s1", "p401-s2", "p401-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p401-s1", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Tseltal", "publisher": "ich.unesco.org", "url": "https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/Signed%20periodic%20report%20-%20Periodic%20report-50341.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Tseltal” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p401-s2", "title": "Tseltal – Catálogo Nacional de Pueblos y Comunidades Indígenas y Afromexicanas", "publisher": "catalogo.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://catalogo.inpi.gob.mx/tseltal/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Tseltal – Catálogo Nacional de Pueblos y Comunidades Indígenas y Afromexicanas” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p401-s3", "title": "Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales", "publisher": "inali.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inali.gob.mx/sitios/clin-inali/html/l_tseltal.html", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 202 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tseltal", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 402, "name": "Tsimshian", "region": "Pacific Northwest / British Columbia / Alaska", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Tsimshian is a wider identity connecting distinct communities of the northwest coast.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tsimshian is a wider identity connecting distinct communities of the northwest coast.", "sourceIds": [ "p402-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Sm’algyax and other language contexts, houses, homelands and individual governments. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p402-s1", "p402-s2", "p402-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p402-s1", "title": "Community Story: New Sm'algya̱x FirstVoices Site and App - First Peoples Cultural Council", "publisher": "sandbox.fpcc.ca", "url": "https://sandbox.fpcc.ca/stories/smalgyax-firstvoices/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Community Story: New Sm'algya̱x FirstVoices Site and App - First Peoples Cultural Council” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p402-s2", "title": "Chapter 1: Coast Tsimshian (Sm'algyax):", "publisher": "linguistics.ucla.edu", "url": "https://linguistics.ucla.edu/general/dissertations/Mulder.1988.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Chapter 1: Coast Tsimshian (Sm'algyax):” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p402-s3", "title": "FirstVoices for Sm’algya̱x | Endangered Languages Project", "publisher": "endangeredlanguages.com", "url": "https://endangeredlanguages.com/pt-br/node/114765", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “FirstVoices for Sm’algya̱x | Endangered Languages Project” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tsimshian", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska", "Canada", "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 403, "name": "Tsleil-Waututh", "region": "British Columbia / Burrard Inlet", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tsleil-Waututh Nation has enduring relationships with Burrard Inlet and the surrounding region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tsleil-Waututh Nation has enduring relationships with Burrard Inlet and the surrounding region.", "sourceIds": [ "p403-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-authored history, language, land and water stewardship. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p403-s1", "p403-s2", "p403-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p403-s1", "title": "Our Story - Tsleil-Waututh Nation", "publisher": "twnation.ca", "url": "https://twnation.ca/our-story/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Our Story - Tsleil-Waututh Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p403-s2", "title": "TSLEIL-WAUTUTH NATION", "publisher": "twnation.ca", "url": "https://twnation.ca/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/TWN-Stewardship-Policy-2021.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “TSLEIL-WAUTUTH NATION” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p403-s3", "title": "Tsleil-Waututh Nation (Burrard Band) - Province of British Columbia", "publisher": "www2.gov.bc.ca", "url": "https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/environment/natural-resource-stewardship/consulting-with-first-nations/first-nations-negotiations/first-nations-a-z-listing/tsleil-waututh-nation-burrard-band?keyword=71", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Tsleil-Waututh Nation (Burrard Band) - Province of British Columbia” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tsleilwaututh", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "originalId": 404, "name": "Tsotsil", "region": "Mexico / Chiapas", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tsotsil is a Maya people and language name in Chiapas, also written Tzotzil.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tsotsil is a Maya people and language name in Chiapas, also written Tzotzil.", "sourceIds": [ "p404-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Local language varieties, self-designations and community histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p404-s1", "p404-s2", "p404-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p404-s1", "title": "Ch'ol-Tsotsil Mayan subfamily | SIL Mexico", "publisher": "mexico.sil.org", "url": "https://mexico.sil.org/language_culture/mayanfamily/chol-tzotzil", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Ch'ol-Tsotsil Mayan subfamily | SIL Mexico” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p404-s2", "title": "Tsotsil – Catálogo Nacional de Pueblos y Comunidades Indígenas y Afromexicanas", "publisher": "catalogo.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://catalogo.inpi.gob.mx/tsotsil/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Tsotsil – Catálogo Nacional de Pueblos y Comunidades Indígenas y Afromexicanas” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p404-s3", "title": "Tsotsiles – Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/tsotsiles-lengua/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Tsotsiles – Lengua - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 202 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tsotsil", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 405, "name": "Tsuut'ina", "region": "Great Plains / Alberta", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tsuut’ina is a distinct nation in southern Alberta, encountered in older sources under the outside name Sarcee.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tsuut’ina is a distinct nation in southern Alberta, encountered in older sources under the outside name Sarcee.", "sourceIds": [ "p405-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Tsuut’ina-authored history, language, land and contemporary institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p405-s1", "p405-s2", "p405-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p405-s1", "title": "Our History | Tsuut’ina", "publisher": "tsuutina.com", "url": "https://tsuutina.com/our-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Our History | Tsuut’ina” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p405-s2", "title": "Tsuut’ina Nation | Tsuut’ina Development Authority", "publisher": "tda.tsuutina.com", "url": "https://tda.tsuutina.com/community/tsuut-ina-nation/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Tsuut’ina Nation | Tsuut’ina Development Authority” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p405-s3", "title": "Tsuut'ina Nation Culture/Museum - Museum, Museum, Gift Shop, History", "publisher": "tsuutinamuseum.com", "url": "https://tsuutinamuseum.com/", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Tsuut'ina Nation Culture/Museum - Museum, Museum, Gift Shop, History” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tsuutina", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-AB", "name": "Alberta", "key": "ca-ab" } ] }, { "originalId": 406, "name": "Tualatin", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Oregon", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tualatin is associated with Kalapuya people and communities of the northern Willamette Valley.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tualatin is associated with Kalapuya people and communities of the northern Willamette Valley.", "sourceIds": [ "p406-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Local names, language documentation, removal and descendant-community histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p406-s1", "p406-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p406-s1", "title": "Tualatin peoples", "publisher": "oregonencyclopedia.org", "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/tualatin_peoples/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Tualatin peoples” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p406-s2", "title": "a-cuts was the treaty signer for the Tualatin Band of Kalapuya, and he was later elected Head Chief at the Grand Ronde Indian Reservation.", "publisher": "oregon.gov", "url": "https://www.oregon.gov/osmb/boating-facilities/Documents/Grant%20Applications/1784_Application_Posted.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “a-cuts was the treaty signer for the Tualatin Band of Kalapuya, and he was later elected Head Chief at the Grand Ronde Indian Reservation.” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 153 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tualatin", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" } ] }, { "originalId": 407, "name": "Tubar", "region": "Mexico / Sierra Madre Occidental", "kind": "Historical people / name", "overview": "Tubar is a historical people and language name associated with northwestern Mexico.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tubar is a historical people and language name associated with northwestern Mexico.", "sourceIds": [ "p407-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language documentation, regional histories and the limits of surviving records. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p407-s1", "p407-s2", "p407-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p407-s1", "title": "Tubar Language and the Tubar Indian Tribe (Tubare, Tubares)", "publisher": "native-languages.org", "url": "https://www.native-languages.org/tubar.htm", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Tubar Language and the Tubar Indian Tribe (Tubare, Tubares)” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p407-s2", "title": "WALS Online - Language Tubar", "publisher": "wals.info", "url": "https://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_tub", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “WALS Online - Language Tubar” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p407-s3", "title": "Glottolog 5.3 - Tubar", "publisher": "glottolog.org", "url": "https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/tuba1279", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Glottolog 5.3 - Tubar” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tubar", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 408, "name": "Tübatulabal", "region": "California / Kern River", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tübatulabal people have homelands in the Kern River region of California.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tübatulabal people have homelands in the Kern River region of California.", "sourceIds": [ "p408-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language, community self-identification and local tribal histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p408-s1", "p408-s2", "p408-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p408-s1", "title": "The History of the Tubatulabal Tribe | Endangered Languages Project", "publisher": "endangeredlanguages.com", "url": "https://endangeredlanguages.com/resource/history-tubatulabal-tribe", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "History" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “The History of the Tubatulabal Tribe | Endangered Languages Project” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p408-s2", "title": "Tubatulabal", "publisher": "cla.berkeley.edu", "url": "https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/tubatulabal.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Tubatulabal” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p408-s3", "title": "Western Mono & Tubatulabal - ASI Cal Poly", "publisher": "asi.calpoly.edu", "url": "https://www.asi.calpoly.edu/discover-asi/student-success-at-asi/indigenous-land-acknowledgment/western-mono-tubatulabal/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Western Mono & Tubatulabal - ASI Cal Poly” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tubatulabal", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 409, "name": "Tulalip", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Washington", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "The Tulalip Tribes is a contemporary confederated government in the Puget Sound region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Tulalip Tribes is a contemporary confederated government in the Puget Sound region.", "sourceIds": [ "p409-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Constituent peoples, Lushootseed, treaty histories and community-published accounts. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p409-s1", "p409-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p409-s1", "title": "Tulalip History", "publisher": "tulaliptribes-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.tulaliptribes-nsn.gov/WhoWeAre/History", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Tulalip History” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p409-s2", "title": "The Tulalip Tribes", "publisher": "tulaliptribes-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.tulaliptribes-nsn.gov/?source=post_page---------------------------", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “The Tulalip Tribes” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 354 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tulalip", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "originalId": 410, "name": "Tunica", "region": "Southeast / Louisiana / Mississippi", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tunica people continue within contemporary community contexts, including the Tunica-Biloxi Tribe of Louisiana.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tunica people continue within contemporary community contexts, including the Tunica-Biloxi Tribe of Louisiana.", "sourceIds": [ "p410-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Tunica language revitalization, migration and distinct Tunica and Biloxi histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p410-s1", "p410-s2", "p410-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p410-s1", "title": "General Profile | Tunica-Biloxi Tribe of Louisiana | Marksville, LA", "publisher": "tunicabiloxi.org", "url": "https://www.tunicabiloxi.org/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “General Profile | Tunica-Biloxi Tribe of Louisiana | Marksville, LA” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p410-s2", "title": "Tunica People | Tunica Language Project", "publisher": "tunica.wp.tulane.edu", "url": "https://tunica.wp.tulane.edu/about/about-the-tunica-people/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Tunica People | Tunica Language Project” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p410-s3", "title": "Language & Culture Revitalization Program | Tunica-Biloxi Tribe of Louisiana | Marksville, LA", "publisher": "tunicabiloxi.org", "url": "https://www.tunicabiloxi.org/tribal-info/departments/language-culture-revitalization-program/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Language & Culture Revitalization Program | Tunica-Biloxi Tribe of Louisiana | Marksville, LA” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 30 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tunica", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-LA", "name": "Louisiana", "key": "us-la" } ] }, { "name": "Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "North Dakota", "overview": "Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "turtle-mountain-band-of-chippewa-indians-of-north-dakota", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-ND", "name": "North Dakota", "key": "us-nd" } ] }, { "originalId": 411, "name": "Tuscarora", "region": "Northeast / Haudenosaunee / Carolinas", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tuscarora people have homelands in the Carolinas and later histories within the Haudenosaunee world.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tuscarora people have homelands in the Carolinas and later histories within the Haudenosaunee world.", "sourceIds": [ "p411-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language, migration, distinct communities and Confederacy relationships. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p411-s1", "p411-s2", "p411-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p411-s1", "title": "Our History - Tuscarora Nation Of North Carolina", "publisher": "tuscaroranationnc.com", "url": "https://www.tuscaroranationnc.com/our-history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Our History - Tuscarora Nation Of North Carolina” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p411-s2", "title": "Our History - Tuscarora Nation Of North Carolina", "publisher": "tuscaroranationnc.com", "url": "https://tuscaroranationnc.com/our-history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Our History - Tuscarora Nation Of North Carolina” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p411-s3", "title": "Tuscarora Nation", "publisher": "tuscaroranation.org", "url": "https://tuscaroranation.org/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Tuscarora Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 221, 268, 269, 44, 341 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tuscarora", "regionGroups": [ "Northeast", "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NY", "name": "New York", "key": "us-ny" } ] }, { "originalId": 412, "name": "Tutchone", "region": "Yukon", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Tutchone is a broader people and language context in the Yukon, with Northern and Southern distinctions.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tutchone is a broader people and language context in the Yukon, with Northern and Southern distinctions.", "sourceIds": [ "p412-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Local communities, language names and individual First Nation histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p412-s1", "p412-s2", "p412-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p412-s1", "title": "About the Dän Kʼè (Southern Tutchone) language - Yukon Native Language Centre", "publisher": "ynlc.ca", "url": "https://ynlc.ca/about-the-southern-tutchone-language/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “About the Dän Kʼè (Southern Tutchone) language - Yukon Native Language Centre” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p412-s2", "title": "Dän Kʼí (Northern Tutchone) Intensive Language Program - Yukon Native Language Centre", "publisher": "ynlc.ca", "url": "https://ynlc.ca/language-training/nt-intensive-language-program/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Dän Kʼí (Northern Tutchone) Intensive Language Program - Yukon Native Language Centre” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p412-s3", "title": "Northern Tutchone Literacy Workshop", "publisher": "ynlc.ca", "url": "https://ynlc.ca/wp-content/uploads/toc_literacysessions_northern-tutchone.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Northern Tutchone Literacy Workshop” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 365 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tutchone", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-YT", "name": "Yukon", "key": "ca-yt" } ] }, { "originalId": 413, "name": "Tututni", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Oregon", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tututni is a people and language name associated with southwestern Oregon’s coast and Rogue River region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tututni is a people and language name associated with southwestern Oregon’s coast and Rogue River region.", "sourceIds": [ "p413-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Athabaskan language histories, forced removal and descendant-community accounts. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p413-s1", "p413-s2", "p413-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p413-s1", "title": "Tututni Language and the Coquille Indian Tribe (Rogue River Athabaskan, Upper Coquille, Mikwunutunne, Sixes, Euchre Creek, Chasta Costa)", "publisher": "native-languages.org", "url": "https://www.native-languages.org/tututni.htm", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Tututni Language and the Coquille Indian Tribe (Rogue River Athabaskan, Upper Coquille, Mikwunutunne, Sixes, Euchre Creek, Chasta Costa)” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p413-s2", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Tututni", "publisher": "public-inspection.federalregister.gov", "url": "https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2019-08228.pdf?1556023527=", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Tututni” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p413-s3", "title": "Tututni Subject Guide", "publisher": "mads.si.edu", "url": "https://mads.si.edu/mads/id/NMNH-NAASubjectGuide_Tututni_2024", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Tututni Subject Guide” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 111 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tututni", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" } ] }, { "originalId": 414, "name": "Twana", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Washington", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Twana is a people and language name associated with the Hood Canal region, including Skokomish community history.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Twana is a people and language name associated with the Hood Canal region, including Skokomish community history.", "sourceIds": [ "p414-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Naming relationships, language documentation and contemporary Skokomish sources. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p414-s1", "p414-s2", "p414-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p414-s1", "title": "The ASJP Database - Wordlist Twana", "publisher": "asjp.clld.org", "url": "https://asjp.clld.org/languages/TWANA", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “The ASJP Database - Wordlist Twana” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p414-s2", "title": "Twana Language and the Twana/Skokomish Indian Tribes (Tuwa'duxqucid, Tuwa'duxq, Tuwaduqutsid, Quilcene, Duhlelap)", "publisher": "native-languages.org", "url": "https://www.native-languages.org/twana.htm", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Twana Language and the Twana/Skokomish Indian Tribes (Tuwa'duxqucid, Tuwa'duxq, Tuwaduqutsid, Quilcene, Duhlelap)” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p414-s3", "title": "Twana/Skokomish - Coast Salish and Neighboring Languages - Library Guides at University of Washington Libraries", "publisher": "guides.lib.uw.edu", "url": "https://guides.lib.uw.edu/c.php?g=1002741&p=7262982", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Twana/Skokomish - Coast Salish and Neighboring Languages - Library Guides at University of Washington Libraries” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 352 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "relationshipNote": "The original list preserves this name as an access point. Compare the related entries and community-preferred spellings; overlapping names do not always mean identical political communities.", "added": false, "slug": "twana", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "originalId": 415, "name": "Tz'utujil", "region": "Central America / Guatemala", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Tz’utujil is a distinct Maya people and language name associated with the Lake Atitlán region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Tz’utujil is a distinct Maya people and language name associated with the Lake Atitlán region.", "sourceIds": [ "p415-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language institutions, local community histories and self-designation. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p415-s1", "p415-s2", "p415-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p415-s1", "title": "Comunidad Lingüística Tz’utujil -Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala- SIC", "publisher": "sicultura.gob.gt", "url": "https://www.sicultura.gob.gt/directory-directorio_c/listing/comunidad-linguistica-tzutujil-academia-de-lenguas-mayas-de-guatemala/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Comunidad Lingüística Tz’utujil -Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala- SIC” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p415-s2", "title": "Tz’utujil Tinaamitaal", "publisher": "almg.org.gt", "url": "https://almg.org.gt/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/VOCABULARIO-TZUTUJIL-VERSION-FINAL-2025.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Tz’utujil Tinaamitaal” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p415-s3", "title": "NAJB’EY TANAAJ", "publisher": "almg.org.gt", "url": "https://almg.org.gt/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Pojp-Wuuj-pa-Tzutujil-version-final-2025.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “NAJB’EY TANAAJ” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 202 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "tzutujil", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "GT", "name": "Guatemala", "key": "gt" } ] }, { "originalId": 416, "name": "Umatilla", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Oregon / Washington", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Umatilla people are one of the constituent peoples of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Umatilla people are one of the constituent peoples of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation.", "sourceIds": [ "p416-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: River homelands, language, treaties and confederated government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p416-s1", "p416-s2", "p416-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p416-s1", "title": "CTUIR - Brief History of CTUIR", "url": "https://ctuir.org/about/brief-history-of-ctuir/", "publisher": "ctuir.org", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p416-s2", "title": "History - Umatilla County", "publisher": "umatillacounty.gov", "url": "https://www.umatillacounty.gov/history", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “History - Umatilla County” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p416-s3", "title": "History | Umatilla, OR", "publisher": "umatilla.gov", "url": "https://www.umatilla.gov/186/History", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “History | Umatilla, OR” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 45, 424 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "researchLeads": [ { "url": "https://ctuir.org/about", "title": "Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. About us.", "documentKey": "Umatilla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Umatilla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Umatilla study. Distinguish Umatilla people, the CTUIR government and its Cayuse and Walla Walla constituent peoples. Broader Columbia River material needs its own community and historical scope. Bibliographic labels are supplied leads, not original-source inspection.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public source URL extracted from the supplied study. Original content, access requirements, bibliographic identity and relevance have not yet been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://ctuir.org/about/brief-history-of-ctuir/", "title": "Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. A Brief History of CTUIR.", "documentKey": "Umatilla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Umatilla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Umatilla study. Distinguish Umatilla people, the CTUIR government and its Cayuse and Walla Walla constituent peoples. Broader Columbia River material needs its own community and historical scope. Bibliographic labels are supplied leads, not original-source inspection.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public source URL extracted from the supplied study. Original content, access requirements, bibliographic identity and relevance have not yet been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://critfc.org/member-tribes-overview/the-confederated-tribes-of-the-umatilla-indian-reservation/", "title": "Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission. The Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation.", "documentKey": "Umatilla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Umatilla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Umatilla study. Distinguish Umatilla people, the CTUIR government and its Cayuse and Walla Walla constituent peoples. Broader Columbia River material needs its own community and historical scope. Bibliographic labels are supplied leads, not original-source inspection.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public source URL extracted from the supplied study. Original content, access requirements, bibliographic identity and relevance have not yet been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://ctuir.org/about/first-foods/", "title": "Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. First Foods and Life Cycles.", "documentKey": "Umatilla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Umatilla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Umatilla study. Distinguish Umatilla people, the CTUIR government and its Cayuse and Walla Walla constituent peoples. Broader Columbia River material needs its own community and historical scope. Bibliographic labels are supplied leads, not original-source inspection.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public source URL extracted from the supplied study. Original content, access requirements, bibliographic identity and relevance have not yet been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/item/lc.sup.ronda.01.07", "title": "James P. Ronda. Lewis and Clark among the Indians Chapter 7 Down the Columbia.", "documentKey": "Umatilla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Umatilla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Umatilla study. Distinguish Umatilla people, the CTUIR government and its Cayuse and Walla Walla constituent peoples. Broader Columbia River material needs its own community and historical scope. Bibliographic labels are supplied leads, not original-source inspection.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public source URL extracted from the supplied study. Original content, access requirements, bibliographic identity and relevance have not yet been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://ctuir.org/about/language/", "title": "Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. The Language of Nixyaawii.", "documentKey": "Umatilla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Umatilla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Umatilla study. Distinguish Umatilla people, the CTUIR government and its Cayuse and Walla Walla constituent peoples. Broader Columbia River material needs its own community and historical scope. Bibliographic labels are supplied leads, not original-source inspection.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public source URL extracted from the supplied study. Original content, access requirements, bibliographic identity and relevance have not yet been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://ctuir.org/about/history-culture", "title": "Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. History and Culture.", "documentKey": "Umatilla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Umatilla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Umatilla study. Distinguish Umatilla people, the CTUIR government and its Cayuse and Walla Walla constituent peoples. Broader Columbia River material needs its own community and historical scope. Bibliographic labels are supplied leads, not original-source inspection.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public source URL extracted from the supplied study. Original content, access requirements, bibliographic identity and relevance have not yet been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://ctuir.org/media/25chgmwn/ctuir-dnr-umatilla-river-vision-v2-051811.pdf", "title": "Krista L. Jones, Geoffrey C. Poole, Eric J. Quaempts, Scott O'Daniel and Tim Beechie. The Umatilla River Vision.", "documentKey": "Umatilla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Umatilla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Umatilla study. Distinguish Umatilla people, the CTUIR government and its Cayuse and Walla Walla constituent peoples. Broader Columbia River material needs its own community and historical scope. Bibliographic labels are supplied leads, not original-source inspection.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public source URL extracted from the supplied study. Original content, access requirements, bibliographic identity and relevance have not yet been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/whitman_massacre/", "title": "Cameron Addis. Whitman Murders.", "documentKey": "Umatilla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Umatilla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Umatilla study. Distinguish Umatilla people, the CTUIR government and its Cayuse and Walla Walla constituent peoples. Broader Columbia River material needs its own community and historical scope. Bibliographic labels are supplied leads, not original-source inspection.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public source URL extracted from the supplied study. Original content, access requirements, bibliographic identity and relevance have not yet been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/walla_walla_treaty_council_1855/", "title": "Cliff Trafzer. Walla Walla Treaty Council 1855.", "documentKey": "Umatilla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Umatilla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Umatilla study. Distinguish Umatilla people, the CTUIR government and its Cayuse and Walla Walla constituent peoples. Broader Columbia River material needs its own community and historical scope. Bibliographic labels are supplied leads, not original-source inspection.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public source URL extracted from the supplied study. Original content, access requirements, bibliographic identity and relevance have not yet been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-wallawalla-cayuse-etc-1855-0694", "title": "United States and Walla Walla Cayuse and Umatilla treaty representatives. Treaty with the Wallawalla Cayuse etc 1855.", "documentKey": "Umatilla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Umatilla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Umatilla study. Distinguish Umatilla people, the CTUIR government and its Cayuse and Walla Walla constituent peoples. Broader Columbia River material needs its own community and historical scope. Bibliographic labels are supplied leads, not original-source inspection.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public source URL extracted from the supplied study. Original content, access requirements, bibliographic identity and relevance have not yet been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/native_american_treaties_eastern_oregon/", "title": "Cliff Trafzer. Native American Treaties Northeastern Oregon.", "documentKey": "Umatilla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Umatilla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Umatilla study. Distinguish Umatilla people, the CTUIR government and its Cayuse and Walla Walla constituent peoples. Broader Columbia River material needs its own community and historical scope. Bibliographic labels are supplied leads, not original-source inspection.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public source URL extracted from the supplied study. Original content, access requirements, bibliographic identity and relevance have not yet been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/bitstreams/b39d9459-1bc7-44d8-8eeb-207293fe928e/download", "title": "Patrick Stephen Lozar. An Anxious Desire of Self Preservation Colonialism Transition and Identity on the Umatilla Indian Reservation 1860 to 1910.", "documentKey": "Umatilla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Umatilla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Umatilla study. Distinguish Umatilla people, the CTUIR government and its Cayuse and Walla Walla constituent peoples. Broader Columbia River material needs its own community and historical scope. Bibliographic labels are supplied leads, not original-source inspection.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public source URL extracted from the supplied study. Original content, access requirements, bibliographic identity and relevance have not yet been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://critfc.org/salmon-culture/tribal-salmon-culture/celilo-falls/", "title": "Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission. Celilo Falls.", "documentKey": "Umatilla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Umatilla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Umatilla study. Distinguish Umatilla people, the CTUIR government and its Cayuse and Walla Walla constituent peoples. Broader Columbia River material needs its own community and historical scope. Bibliographic labels are supplied leads, not original-source inspection.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public source URL extracted from the supplied study. Original content, access requirements, bibliographic identity and relevance have not yet been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://critfc.org/about-us/fisheries-timeline/", "title": "Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission. Fisheries Timeline.", "documentKey": "Umatilla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Umatilla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Umatilla study. Distinguish Umatilla people, the CTUIR government and its Cayuse and Walla Walla constituent peoples. Broader Columbia River material needs its own community and historical scope. Bibliographic labels are supplied leads, not original-source inspection.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public source URL extracted from the supplied study. Original content, access requirements, bibliographic identity and relevance have not yet been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/umatilla_river/", "title": "John Harrison. Umatilla River.", "documentKey": "Umatilla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Umatilla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Umatilla study. Distinguish Umatilla people, the CTUIR government and its Cayuse and Walla Walla constituent peoples. Broader Columbia River material needs its own community and historical scope. Bibliographic labels are supplied leads, not original-source inspection.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public source URL extracted from the supplied study. Original content, access requirements, bibliographic identity and relevance have not yet been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://ctuir.org/tribal-enterprises", "title": "Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. Tribal Enterprises.", "documentKey": "Umatilla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Umatilla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Umatilla study. Distinguish Umatilla people, the CTUIR government and its Cayuse and Walla Walla constituent peoples. Broader Columbia River material needs its own community and historical scope. Bibliographic labels are supplied leads, not original-source inspection.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public source URL extracted from the supplied study. Original content, access requirements, bibliographic identity and relevance have not yet been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.tamastslikt.org/about/", "title": "Tamastslikt Cultural Institute. Our Story.", "documentKey": "Umatilla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Umatilla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Umatilla study. Distinguish Umatilla people, the CTUIR government and its Cayuse and Walla Walla constituent peoples. Broader Columbia River material needs its own community and historical scope. Bibliographic labels are supplied leads, not original-source inspection.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public source URL extracted from the supplied study. Original content, access requirements, bibliographic identity and relevance have not yet been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://ctuir.org/departments/education/", "title": "Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. Education.", "documentKey": "Umatilla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Umatilla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Umatilla study. Distinguish Umatilla people, the CTUIR government and its Cayuse and Walla Walla constituent peoples. Broader Columbia River material needs its own community and historical scope. Bibliographic labels are supplied leads, not original-source inspection.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public source URL extracted from the supplied study. Original content, access requirements, bibliographic identity and relevance have not yet been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/places/confluence-of-the-columbia-and-walla-walla-rivers.htm", "title": "National Park Service. Confluence of the Columbia and Walla Walla Rivers.", "documentKey": "Umatilla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Umatilla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Umatilla study. Distinguish Umatilla people, the CTUIR government and its Cayuse and Walla Walla constituent peoples. Broader Columbia River material needs its own community and historical scope. Bibliographic labels are supplied leads, not original-source inspection.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public source URL extracted from the supplied study. Original content, access requirements, bibliographic identity and relevance have not yet been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." } ], "studyKeys": [ "Umatilla_Culture_History_and_Timeline" ], "added": false, "slug": "umatilla", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" } ] }, { "originalId": 417, "name": "Umpqua", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Oregon", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Umpqua is a regional name used for distinct Indigenous communities and languages in southwestern Oregon.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Umpqua is a regional name used for distinct Indigenous communities and languages in southwestern Oregon.", "sourceIds": [ "p417-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Upper and Lower Umpqua distinctions, local peoples and contemporary confederated communities. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p417-s1", "p417-s2", "p417-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p417-s1", "title": "History - Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians", "publisher": "ctclusi.org", "url": "https://ctclusi.org/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History - Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p417-s2", "title": "Language - Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians", "publisher": "ctclusi.org", "url": "https://ctclusi.org/languagepublic/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Language - Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p417-s3", "title": "Cow Creek Umpqua Indian Foundation | Cow Creek Band of the Umpqua Tribe of Indians", "publisher": "cowcreekfoundation.org", "url": "https://www.cowcreekfoundation.org/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Cow Creek Umpqua Indian Foundation | Cow Creek Band of the Umpqua Tribe of Indians” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 86 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "umpqua", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" } ] }, { "name": "United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named Tribal government", "region": "Oklahoma", "overview": "United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "This outline keeps the individually listed government name findable. Similar words in another entry do not establish that its people, institutions or membership are identical. Detailed relationships and historical coverage are queued.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/30/2026-01899/indian-entities-recognized-by-and-eligible-to-receive-services-from-the-united-states-bureau-of", "publisher": "Bureau of Indian Affairs / Federal Register,91FR4102–4106,2026-01899", "scope": "Actual indexed primary notice name-list body, contiguous48-state section, selected entries at lines128–751 inspected. Name and state printed in the listed entity label only; no history, citizenship, jurisdiction, benefits eligibility or recognition-process analysis. Native direct HTML request returned Request Access page and was not used/bypassed; indexed body was readable. Official PDF was not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "united-keetoowah-band-of-cherokee-indians-in-oklahoma", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "name": "Upper Sioux Community", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Minnesota", "overview": "Upper Sioux Community, also presented as Pezihutazizi Oyate, is a distinct Dakota government in the Minnesota River region. A 2025 state guide carries the Community's narrative, including its establishment, government and land return. An older first-person account provides context. Reading their dates together helps preserve continuity without treating changing figures as contradictions to erase.", "relationshipNote": "MnDOT explicitly places this individual Minnesota government under its Dakota Tribal Nation grouping. It remains a separate government; no automatic equivalence to Santee Dakota or another band is inferred.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Homeland, return and government", "text": "The Community account describes homeland relationships, forced removal and return. The 2025 profile places the Community's establishment in 1938 and discusses its 1995 constitution, enterprises and services. These publications carry a community narrative through state institutions; they are not independent verification of every historical assertion. This starting selection does not establish all present laws or membership rules. The linked tribal-government website returned 403 in the original review, so its own inaccessible body is not claimed as inspected or treated as a paywall.", "sourceIds": [ "p95-s4", "p95-s9" ] }, { "title": "Land return and dated accounts", "text": "The 2025 profile describes the 2024 return of former Upper Sioux Agency State Park lands. A 2017 landscape photograph provides a view of that named place before the transfer, rather than an image of current access arrangements. The older Indian Affairs page and newer guide contain different acreage and population figures. Their dates and scopes are retained; neither supplies a current census or an exact Indigenous homeland boundary. Further work should follow the transfer records and Community interpretation while leaving sensitive places and cultural knowledge out of public description.", "sourceIds": [ "p95-s4", "p95-s9" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p95-s4", "url": "https://www.sos.mn.gov/media/abkjz44n/tribes-2025.pdf", "title": "Minnesota Tribal Government 2025 — Upper Sioux Community / Pezihutazizi Oyate profile", "publisher": "Minnesota Secretary of State; the profile presents the Upper Sioux Community’s account", "author": "Upper Sioux Community profile; no individual author displayed", "type": "Government / community historical account", "topics": [ "Upper Sioux Community", "Pezihutazizi Oyate", "Minnesota Dakota history", "land return", "governance" ], "publicationDate": "2025 edition", "annotation": "This two-page community profile describes the Minnesota River homeland, the community’s establishment in 1938, its 1995 constitution, tribal enterprises and services, and the 2024 return of former Upper Sioux Agency State Park lands. The state publication carries the community’s narrative; it is not an independent verification of every historical statement. Its 577 membership figure and 3,725-acre land-base statement are dated to the report and are not current 2026 measurements or an Indigenous homeland boundary.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the complete Upper Sioux Community profile, pp. 9–10 (PDF lines 347–381), including the paragraphs on homeland, 1938 community formation, governance, economic development and services, and the 2024 transfer. The remaining tribal profiles and state agency listings were not counted as Dakota-community evidence.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p95-s9", "url": "https://mn.gov/indian-affairs/tribal-nations-in-minnesota/pezihutazizi-oyate-upper-sioux-community.jsp", "title": "Pezihutazizi / Oyate — Upper Sioux Community historical page", "publisher": "Minnesota Indian Affairs Council; page uses first-person community language and links to the Upper Sioux Community", "author": "Community history reproduced through the Minnesota Indian Affairs Council; individual author and publication date not displayed", "type": "Government / contextual reference", "topics": [ "Upper Sioux Community", "Pezihutazizi Oyate", "historic community account" ], "publicationDate": "Undated; accessed 2026", "annotation": "The page preserves a first-person historical account of homeland, forced removal, return, government formation, enterprises and services. Its undated population and acreage statements (453 people and over 900 acres) differ from the 2025 state guide’s account of a 2024 land return and 3,725-acre total land base. These figures should be read as dated versions of a community narrative rather than treated as current or as evidence of a boundary. The linked Upper Sioux government site returned HTTP 403 to the research request; no access control was bypassed.", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Read the full historical body and its links to elected leaders and the Upper Sioux Community website (page lines 16–36). The linked community site itself was not accessible from this request; its 403 response is not classified as a reader paywall.", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.dot.state.mn.us/mntribes/mntribes.html", "publisher": "Minnesota Department of Transportation", "scope": "Actual Tribal Nations in Minnesota page, lines22–74: eleven individually listed governments, explicitly grouped under seven Ojibwe and four Dakota nations. Separate-sovereign-government wording read; linked sheets and tribal destinations were not content-reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 95 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Read underlying land-transfer and constitutional records before making detailed legal claims.", "Obtain broader community-published voices where access permits; the earlier government-site403 was not bypassed.", "Current population, land totals, services and visitor access remain unverified; no community review is recorded." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A compact source-led introduction to this named community; historical breadth, local voices and outcomes remain limited. No comprehensive completion or community endorsement is claimed.", "remainingLimits": [ "Read underlying land-transfer and constitutional records before making detailed legal claims.", "Obtain broader community-published voices where access permits; the earlier government-site403 was not bypassed.", "Current population, land totals, services and visitor access remain unverified; no community review is recorded." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p95-s4", "p95-s9" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Community-specific starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "p95-s4", "origin": { "originalId": 95, "profile": "Dakota" }, "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "inspectionBasis": "Exact prior source object and review date/scope preserved; no fresh original-source reading is claimed.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "scope": "Read the complete Upper Sioux Community profile, pp. 9–10 (PDF lines 347–381), including the paragraphs on homeland, 1938 community formation, governance, economic development and services, and the 2024 transfer. The remaining tribal profiles and state agency listings were not counted as Dakota-community evidence." }, { "sourceId": "p95-s9", "origin": { "originalId": 95, "profile": "Dakota" }, "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "inspectionBasis": "Exact prior source object and review date/scope preserved; no fresh original-source reading is claimed.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "scope": "Read the full historical body and its links to elected leaders and the Upper Sioux Community website (page lines 16–36). The linked community site itself was not accessible from this request; its 403 response is not classified as a reader paywall." } ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-02", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p95-s4", "reason": "Begin with the recent community profile carried in the 2025 state guide." } ], "scopeNote": "Named government/community route; wider Dakota or Ojibwe reading profiles remain related context rather than interchangeable identities.", "reviewBasis": "Reused actual-content source records, preserving original review dates and selected-content limits. Image review is separate.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Read underlying land-transfer and constitutional records before making detailed legal claims.", "Obtain broader community-published voices where access permits; the earlier government-site403 was not bypassed.", "Current population, land totals, services and visitor access remain unverified; no community review is recorded." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "additionalSupportingContext": [ { "sourceId": "p95-s9", "reason": "Compare the older first-person account while retaining its date and access limits." } ], "imageRecordId": "upper-sioux-former-park-webster-2017" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "A community-specific starting guide reuses selected earlier actual-content reviews with their original dates/scopes. It does not add new global works merely because a URL appears on this route. Picture identification/rights are separate from historical adequacy or community endorsement." ], "slug": "upper-sioux-community", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MN", "name": "Minnesota", "key": "us-mn" } ] }, { "originalId": 418, "name": "Upper Tanana", "region": "Alaska / Yukon", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Upper Tanana is a people and language context across interior Alaska and adjoining Yukon.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Upper Tanana is a people and language context across interior Alaska and adjoining Yukon.", "sourceIds": [ "p418-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Local community histories, language documentation and cross-border relationships. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p418-s1", "p418-s2", "p418-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p418-s1", "title": "Languages - Upper Tanana | Alaska Native Language Center", "publisher": "uaf.edu", "url": "https://www.uaf.edu/anlc/languages-move/uppertanana.php", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Languages - Upper Tanana | Alaska Native Language Center” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p418-s2", "title": "Nee’aaneek (Upper Tanana) - Yukon Native Language Centre", "publisher": "ynlc.ca", "url": "https://ynlc.ca/upper-tanana/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Nee’aaneek (Upper Tanana) - Yukon Native Language Centre” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p418-s3", "title": "Upper Tanana ethnographic overview and assessment, Wrangell St. Elias National Park and Preserve", "publisher": "adfg.alaska.gov", "url": "https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/techpap/tp325.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Upper Tanana ethnographic overview and assessment, Wrangell St. Elias National Park and Preserve” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 372, 371 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "upper-tanana", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska", "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 419, "name": "Uspantek", "region": "Central America / Guatemala", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Uspantek is a distinct Maya people and language name associated with Uspantán in Guatemala.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Uspantek is a distinct Maya people and language name associated with Uspantán in Guatemala.", "sourceIds": [ "p419-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community self-designation, language institutions and local histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p419-s1", "p419-s2", "p419-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p419-s1", "title": "Idioma_Uspanteko – K´ULB´IL YOL TWITZ PAXIL", "publisher": "almg.org.gt", "url": "https://almg.org.gt/idioma_uspanteko/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Idioma_Uspanteko – K´ULB´IL YOL TWITZ PAXIL” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p419-s2", "title": "Uspanteko Talking Dictionary", "publisher": "talkingdictionary.swarthmore.edu", "url": "https://talkingdictionary.swarthmore.edu/uspanteko/?lang=es", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Uspanteko Talking Dictionary” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p419-s3", "title": "Diccionario USPANTEKO FINAL FINAl rediagramado.indd", "publisher": "almg.org.gt", "url": "https://almg.org.gt/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DICCIONARIO-C.L-USPANTEKA-.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Diccionario USPANTEKO FINAL FINAl rediagramado.indd” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 202 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "uspantek", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "GT", "name": "Guatemala", "key": "gt" } ] }, { "originalId": 420, "name": "Ute", "region": "Southwest / Colorado / Utah", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Ute is a wider peoplehood with distinct contemporary nations and regional histories.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Ute is a wider peoplehood with distinct contemporary nations and regional histories.", "sourceIds": [ "p420-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Núuchi-u naming, language, land and individual tribal governments. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p420-s1", "p420-s2", "p420-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p420-s1", "title": "Chronology – Southern Ute Indian Tribe", "publisher": "southernute-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.southernute-nsn.gov/history/chronology/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Chronology – Southern Ute Indian Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p420-s2", "title": "History – Southern Ute Indian Tribe", "publisher": "southernute-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.southernute-nsn.gov/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History – Southern Ute Indian Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p420-s3", "title": "About – Ute Indian Tribe", "publisher": "utetribe.com", "url": "https://utetribe.com/about/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “About – Ute Indian Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "ute", "regionGroups": [ "Great Basin", "Southwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CO", "name": "Colorado", "key": "us-co" }, { "id": "US-UT", "name": "Utah", "key": "us-ut" } ] }, { "originalId": 421, "name": "Ventureño Chumash", "region": "California / Ventura Region", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Ventureño Chumash is a regional people and language identity within the wider Chumash context.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Ventureño Chumash is a regional people and language identity within the wider Chumash context.", "sourceIds": [ "p421-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Local community histories, language revitalization and distinctions among Chumash communities. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p421-s1", "p421-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p421-s1", "title": "Ventureño", "publisher": "cla.berkeley.edu", "url": "https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/ventureno.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Ventureño” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p421-s2", "title": "Chumash Language and the Chumash Indian Tribe (Barbareno, Ventureno, Ineseno, Purisimeno, Obispeno, Isleno)", "publisher": "native-languages.org", "url": "https://www.native-languages.org/chumash.htm", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Chumash Language and the Chumash Indian Tribe (Barbareno, Ventureno, Ineseno, Purisimeno, Obispeno, Isleno)” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 72 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "ventureno-chumash", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 422, "name": "Vuntut Gwitchin", "region": "Yukon", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation is a distinct Gwich’in community centered on Old Crow in the northern Yukon.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation is a distinct Gwich’in community centered on Old Crow in the northern Yukon.", "sourceIds": [ "p422-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-authored history, language, territory and self-government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p422-s1", "p422-s2", "p422-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p422-s1", "title": "Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation government website", "publisher": "vgg.ca.vgfn.org", "url": "https://www.vgg.ca.vgfn.org/Legislation.php", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation government website” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p422-s2", "title": "Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation Government Website", "publisher": "vgg.ca.vgfn.org", "url": "https://www.vgg.ca.vgfn.org/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation Government Website” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p422-s3", "title": "VUNTUT GWITCHIN GOVERNMENT", "publisher": "vgfnca.vgfn.org", "url": "https://www.vgfnca.vgfn.org/pdf/Vuntut%20Gwitchin%20First%20Nation%20Housing%20Policy%202024.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Government" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “VUNTUT GWITCHIN GOVERNMENT” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 120 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "vuntut-gwitchin", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-YT", "name": "Yukon", "key": "ca-yt" } ] }, { "name": "Waco", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-27", "kind": "Named people / Wichita-affiliated historical community", "region": "Southern Plains / historical Texas connections", "overview": "Waco names a historical people whose individual identity remains visible within Wichita-affiliated history. Carolyn Garrett Pool’s focused account and the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes’ own connected narrative provide a starting path. This route does not create a separate present-day Waco government or treat every affiliated people as another name for the same community.", "relationshipNote": "The Wichita and Affiliated Tribes’ own historical account includes Waco among its named peoples. This separate reading route preserves the individual name within that broader context; it does not assert a separate present-day tribal government.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Texas places and removal", "text": "Pool places Waco communities among the Wichita on Red River and with Tawakoni communities on the Sabine in the mid-eighteenth century. Her article then follows assignment to the Brazos Indian Reservation near Fort Belknap in 1855 and removal to Indian Territory in 1859. These are the author’s historical synthesis and chronology; treaty implementation and every family’s experience require other records. The modern Brazos-at-Waco photograph is local river context, not a surviving Waco village.", "sourceIds": [ "c03-waco-ohs", "c03-waco-city-brazos-support" ] }, { "title": "Affiliation and continuing identity", "text": "The article emphasizes separate Waco villages and recognized headmen during the reservation era, even while Waco people were administratively grouped with the Wichita. Its discussion of allotment and late-twentieth-century family identification shows why a shared political framework should not erase historical names. Read that scholarly account alongside the Tribe’s own history, which explicitly includes Waco among its named peoples. Neither source establishes an individual reader’s descent or current citizenship.", "sourceIds": [ "c03-waco-ohs", "p431-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c03-waco-ohs", "title": "Waco", "publisher": "Oklahoma Historical Society, Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture", "url": "https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=WA001", "type": "Scholarly reference", "topics": [ "Waco", "Texas", "Removal", "Community continuity" ], "annotation": "Carolyn Garrett Pool’s focused article distinguishes Waco historical identity from the wider Wichita and Affiliated Tribes. It follows Texas locations, the Brazos reservation, removal and reservation-era villages. Its end-of-twentieth-century statement remains dated; no separate current Waco government or individual descent is established.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Complete main body, web lines 98–102, byline, bibliography and January 15, 2010 publication metadata read. Bibliography and original records were not separately opened; opening federal-recognition wording is not independently audited or converted into a separate Waco-government claim.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "2010-01-15", "accessNotes": "Actual public HTML body readable without an account in this inspection. Linked bibliography, archival instruments and media remain separate works unless expressly listed.", "author": "Carolyn Garrett Pool" }, { "id": "p431-s1", "title": "Wichita Memories — four connected institutional history chapters", "publisher": "Wichita and Affiliated Tribes; exhibit collaboration credited to the Stovall Museum of Science and History and Oklahoma Archaeological Survey", "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/people-of-the-grass-house-1750-1820/", "type": "Indigenous-led / collaborative public history", "topics": [ "Names and affiliations", "Southern Plains", "Farming and hunting", "Texas", "Displacement", "Community continuity" ], "annotation": "Four linked chapters explain the Tribe’s historical account from early encounters through village life, displacement and continuing community. The credits identify a cooperative exhibit. Treat the chapters as one work, keep named historical groups distinct, and attribute archaeological, treaty and continuity interpretations rather than turning the narrative into independently checked archival evidence.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "author": "Institutionally published exhibit narrative; individual chapter byline not supplied", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Complete main narratives of In the Beginning:1540–1750 (lines27–38), People of the Grass House:1750–1820 (27–39), Days of Darkness:1820–1934 (27–37), and A New Beginning:1934–Present (27–38), plus References and Contributors (27–91). Public narrative passages read; no quoted origin stories, ceremonial details, images or underlying bibliography reproduced or separately researched.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One substantial connected historical exhibit, counted once rather than once per adjacent chapter or bibliography page.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/in-the-beginning-1540-1750/", "title": "In the Beginning:1540–1750", "scope": "Complete main narrative; original p431-s2 URL preserved separately as a duplicate reading route." }, { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/days-of-darkness-1820-1934/", "title": "Days of Darkness:1820–1934", "scope": "Complete main narrative; population estimates and legal interpretations not adopted as independent facts." }, { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/a-new-beginning-1934-present/", "title": "A New Beginning:1934–Present", "scope": "Complete main narrative; ongoing cultural/community account attributed to this publisher, not a current statistical survey." }, { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/references-and-contributors/", "title": "References and Contributors", "scope": "Collaboration, credits and reference list inspected; cited works remain unread unless checked separately by the other research agent." } ], "accessNotes": "Public readable English HTML, no account/paywall encountered. Individual publication/revision dates are unstated; date ranges in titles are historical coverage, not publication dates. Do not repeat historical population estimates as current figures, infer present identities from archaeological phases, or treat institutional treaty summaries as direct readings of the instruments." }, { "id": "c03-waco-city-brazos-support", "title": "A History of Indian Spring Park — selected public-place context", "publisher": "City of Waco", "url": "https://www.waco-texas.com/About-Waco/175th/175-Indian-Spring", "type": "Municipal public history / supporting place context", "topics": [ "Waco", "Brazos River", "Public commemoration" ], "annotation": "Municipal public-history context for a modern Brazos-at-Waco image. The page locates Indian Spring Park on the Brazos and describes a 1911 commemoration of Waco campgrounds. This demonstrates the city’s place interpretation, not a surveyed Indigenous village boundary, community endorsement or proof that all photographed riverbank was Waco-owned.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual selected main-body paragraphs at web lines 29 and 35–36, with January 2, 2025 update metadata read. Other visitor, sculpture and event material encountered but not adopted. Underlying city/Baylor/DAR records and images not inspected or reproduced.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "publicationDate": "Updated 2025-01-02", "accessNotes": "Actual public HTML body readable without an account in this inspection. Linked bibliography, archival instruments and media remain separate works unless expressly listed." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-27", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/in-the-beginning-1540-1750/", "publisher": "Wichita and Affiliated Tribes", "scope": "Selected institutional history identity sentence (main narrative line 30) names Wichita Proper, Waco, Taovaya, Tawakoni and Kichai. Used only for names and the publisher’s included-peoples relationship. No origin narrative, archaeological identity, legal status or current individual-government claim adopted.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=WA001", "publisher": "Oklahoma Historical Society; Carolyn Garrett Pool", "scope": "Selected Waco entry paragraphs (lines 98–102), author and January 15, 2010 publication metadata read. Names Waco within Wichita and Affiliated Tribes and documents a mid-eighteenth-century Texas connection; individual historical identity is not treated as a separate current government. Underlying cited works not inspected.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 431 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "wichita-and-affiliated-tribes" ], "researchGaps": [ "Compare removal, village and allotment accounts with original records and Waco family/public community histories.", "The article’s late-twentieth-century identity observation is dated, not a present membership survey.", "The river photo supplies place context, not ownership, a village boundary or current cultural-site identification." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded historical-community starting path with selected actual-content works, attributed perspectives and explicitly scoped imagery. No fixed source minimum, comprehensive completion, current subgroup government or individual descent is claimed.", "remainingLimits": [ "Compare removal, village and allotment accounts with original records and Waco family/public community histories.", "The article’s late-twentieth-century identity observation is dated, not a present membership survey.", "The river photo supplies place context, not ownership, a village boundary or current cultural-site identification." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "c03-waco-ohs", "p431-s1" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-03", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c03-waco-ohs", "reason": "Begin with Pool’s focused Waco history and its distinction between affiliation and individual community identity." }, { "sourceId": "p431-s1", "reason": "Compare the article with the Tribe-published connected historical narrative." } ], "scopeNote": "Historical people/community grouping; broader Caddo or Wichita access points are related reading. No automatic subgroup identity is assigned to an umbrella source, historical picture or current government.", "reviewBasis": "New actual-content scopes are separately dated; exact existing source objects retain their original dates/scopes. Image identification, rights and complete delivered frames are recorded separately.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "remainingQuestions": [ "Compare removal, village and allotment accounts with original records and Waco family/public community histories.", "The article’s late-twentieth-century identity observation is dated, not a present membership survey.", "The river photo supplies place context, not ownership, a village boundary or current cultural-site identification." ], "imageRecordId": "waco-brazos-barera-2016-context" }, "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "p431-s1", "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "originalContentReviewScope": "Complete main narratives of In the Beginning:1540–1750 (lines27–38), People of the Grass House:1750–1820 (27–39), Days of Darkness:1820–1934 (27–37), and A New Beginning:1934–Present (27–38), plus References and Contributors (27–91). Public narrative passages read; no quoted origin stories, ceremonial details, images or underlying bibliography reproduced or separately researched.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "inspectionBasis": "Exact existing inspected source object preserved. Selection for this historical-community route does not claim a fresh whole-source review or another global work. Only specifically relevant statements are synthesized." } ], "evidenceNotes": [ "This reviewed starting guide records selected actual-content sources, their perspectives and access limits. Reused earlier reviews retain their original dates/scopes; images and repeated URLs do not create new historical works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "waco", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-TX", "name": "Texas", "key": "us-tx" } ] }, { "name": "Wahnapitae First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — Lake Huron region member listing", "overview": "Wahnapitae First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. Membership alone is not treated as proof of Ojibwe, Anishinaabe or other ethnic identity.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page18 (zero-based17): named member entry with Ontario address; parenthetical name retained only where explicit.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "wahnapitae-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "originalId": 423, "name": "Wailaki", "region": "California", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Wailaki is a people and language name in northwestern California.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Wailaki is a people and language name in northwestern California.", "sourceIds": [ "p423-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Eel River homelands, language documentation and contemporary descendant communities. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p423-s1", "p423-s2", "p423-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p423-s1", "title": "Wailaki / Eel River Dene", "publisher": "cla.berkeley.edu", "url": "https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/eel-river-athabaskan.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Wailaki / Eel River Dene” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p423-s2", "title": "Wailaki Language and the Eel River Tribes (Sinkyone, Lassik, Nongatl, Wailakki)", "publisher": "native-languages.org", "url": "https://www.native-languages.org/wailaki.htm", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Wailaki Language and the Eel River Tribes (Sinkyone, Lassik, Nongatl, Wailakki)” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p423-s3", "title": "Microsoft Word - Wailaki Grammar - KRB, Final.docx", "publisher": "linguistics.berkeley.edu", "url": "https://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~mikkelsen/papers/begay_2017.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Microsoft Word - Wailaki Grammar - KRB, Final.docx” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "wailaki", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 424, "name": "Walla Walla", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Columbia Plateau", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Walla Walla people are one of the constituent peoples of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Walla Walla people are one of the constituent peoples of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation.", "sourceIds": [ "p424-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language, river homelands, treaty histories and confederated government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p424-s1", "p424-s2", "p424-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p424-s1", "title": "CTUIR - Brief History of CTUIR", "url": "https://ctuir.org/about/brief-history-of-ctuir/", "publisher": "ctuir.org", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p424-s2", "title": "Walla Walla's History | City of Walla Walla", "publisher": "wallawallawa.gov", "url": "https://www.wallawallawa.gov/our-city/history", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Walla Walla's History | City of Walla Walla” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p424-s3", "title": "CITY OF WALLA WALLA", "publisher": "wallawallawa.gov", "url": "https://www.wallawallawa.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/11821/639062430113070000", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “CITY OF WALLA WALLA” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 45, 416 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "researchLeads": [ { "url": "https://ctuir.org/about/history-culture/", "title": "Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. History and culture.", "documentKey": "Walla_Walla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Walla Walla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Walla Walla study. Distinguish Walla Walla people from CTUIR government, Cayuse and Umatilla constituent peoples, and the modern city. Broader Columbia River sources need their own historical/community scope. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://dictionary.ctuir.org/eng/walla-walla/", "title": "CTUIR Language Program. Walla Walla dictionary entry.", "documentKey": "Walla_Walla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Walla Walla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Walla Walla study. Distinguish Walla Walla people from CTUIR government, Cayuse and Umatilla constituent peoples, and the modern city. Broader Columbia River sources need their own historical/community scope. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://ctuir.org/about/language/", "title": "Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. The language of Nixyaawii.", "documentKey": "Walla_Walla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Walla Walla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Walla Walla study. Distinguish Walla Walla people from CTUIR government, Cayuse and Umatilla constituent peoples, and the modern city. Broader Columbia River sources need their own historical/community scope. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://ctuir.org/about/brief-history-of-ctuir/", "title": "Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. A brief history of CTUIR.", "documentKey": "Walla_Walla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Walla Walla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Walla Walla study. Distinguish Walla Walla people from CTUIR government, Cayuse and Umatilla constituent peoples, and the modern city. Broader Columbia River sources need their own historical/community scope. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://ctuir.org/about/first-foods/", "title": "Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. First Foods and life cycles.", "documentKey": "Walla_Walla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Walla Walla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Walla Walla study. Distinguish Walla Walla people from CTUIR government, Cayuse and Umatilla constituent peoples, and the modern city. Broader Columbia River sources need their own historical/community scope. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/item/lc.jrn.1806-04-27", "title": "Meriwether Lewis. Journal for April 27 1806.", "documentKey": "Walla_Walla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Walla Walla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Walla Walla study. Distinguish Walla Walla people from CTUIR government, Cayuse and Umatilla constituent peoples, and the modern city. Broader Columbia River sources need their own historical/community scope. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/yellept-of-walla-walla.htm", "title": "National Park Service. Yellept of Walla Walla.", "documentKey": "Walla_Walla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Walla Walla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Walla Walla study. Distinguish Walla Walla people from CTUIR government, Cayuse and Umatilla constituent peoples, and the modern city. Broader Columbia River sources need their own historical/community scope. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.oregonhistoryproject.org/articles/historical-records/yelleppit-and-the-walla-walla/", "title": "Cain Allen. Yelleppit and the Walla Wallas.", "documentKey": "Walla_Walla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Walla Walla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Walla Walla study. Distinguish Walla Walla people from CTUIR government, Cayuse and Umatilla constituent peoples, and the modern city. Broader Columbia River sources need their own historical/community scope. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/whmi/learn/historyculture/place-of-sunflower.htm", "title": "National Park Service. Tribal history and the place of the sunflowers.", "documentKey": "Walla_Walla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Walla Walla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Walla Walla study. Distinguish Walla Walla people from CTUIR government, Cayuse and Umatilla constituent peoples, and the modern city. Broader Columbia River sources need their own historical/community scope. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://americanindian.si.edu/exhibitions/infinityofnations/plains-plateau/129470.html", "title": "National Museum of the American Indian. Walla Walla pouch from about the 1840s.", "documentKey": "Walla_Walla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Walla Walla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Walla Walla study. Distinguish Walla Walla people from CTUIR government, Cayuse and Umatilla constituent peoples, and the modern city. Broader Columbia River sources need their own historical/community scope. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://americanindian.si.edu/exhibitions/infinityofnations/plains-plateau/001048.html", "title": "National Museum of the American Indian. Walla Walla dress from about 1860 to 1880.", "documentKey": "Walla_Walla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Walla Walla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Walla Walla study. Distinguish Walla Walla people from CTUIR government, Cayuse and Umatilla constituent peoples, and the modern city. Broader Columbia River sources need their own historical/community scope. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://ctuir.org/media/55mobq1j/ctuir-traditional-use-study-of-willamette-falls-and-lower-willamette-river_nov-2020.pdf", "title": "Jennifer Karson Engum. Traditional use study of Willamette Falls and the lower Columbia River.", "documentKey": "Walla_Walla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Walla Walla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Walla Walla study. Distinguish Walla Walla people from CTUIR government, Cayuse and Umatilla constituent peoples, and the modern city. Broader Columbia River sources need their own historical/community scope. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/walla_walla_treaty_council_1855/", "title": "Cliff Trafzer. Walla Walla Treaty Council 1855.", "documentKey": "Walla_Walla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Walla Walla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Walla Walla study. Distinguish Walla Walla people from CTUIR government, Cayuse and Umatilla constituent peoples, and the modern city. Broader Columbia River sources need their own historical/community scope. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-12/pdf/STATUTE-12-Pg945.pdf", "title": "United States and Walla Walla Cayuse and Umatilla treaty delegates. Treaty concluded June 9 1855.", "documentKey": "Walla_Walla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Walla Walla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Walla Walla study. Distinguish Walla Walla people from CTUIR government, Cayuse and Umatilla constituent peoples, and the modern city. Broader Columbia River sources need their own historical/community scope. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.historylink.org/file/8132", "title": "Stephen B Emerson. Battle of Walla Walla in December 1855.", "documentKey": "Walla_Walla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Walla Walla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Walla Walla study. Distinguish Walla Walla people from CTUIR government, Cayuse and Umatilla constituent peoples, and the modern city. Broader Columbia River sources need their own historical/community scope. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/native_american_treaties_eastern_oregon/", "title": "Cliff Trafzer. Native American treaties in northeastern Oregon.", "documentKey": "Walla_Walla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Walla Walla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Walla Walla study. Distinguish Walla Walla people from CTUIR government, Cayuse and Umatilla constituent peoples, and the modern city. Broader Columbia River sources need their own historical/community scope. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/indian_boarding_school/", "title": "Cary Collins. Indian boarding schools.", "documentKey": "Walla_Walla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Walla Walla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Walla Walla study. Distinguish Walla Walla people from CTUIR government, Cayuse and Umatilla constituent peoples, and the modern city. Broader Columbia River sources need their own historical/community scope. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://thorpe.law.ou.edu/constitution/umatilla.html", "title": "Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. Constitution and bylaws of 1949.", "documentKey": "Walla_Walla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Walla Walla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Walla Walla study. Distinguish Walla Walla people from CTUIR government, Cayuse and Umatilla constituent peoples, and the modern city. Broader Columbia River sources need their own historical/community scope. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://ctuir.org/about/", "title": "Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. About us.", "documentKey": "Walla_Walla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Walla Walla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Walla Walla study. Distinguish Walla Walla people from CTUIR government, Cayuse and Umatilla constituent peoples, and the modern city. Broader Columbia River sources need their own historical/community scope. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/celilo_falls/", "title": "Katrine Barber. Celilo Falls.", "documentKey": "Walla_Walla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Walla Walla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Walla Walla study. Distinguish Walla Walla people from CTUIR government, Cayuse and Umatilla constituent peoples, and the modern city. Broader Columbia River sources need their own historical/community scope. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/publications/aligning-environmental-management-ecosystem-resilience-a-first-foods-example", "title": "Eric J Quaempts and colleagues. First Foods and ecosystem resilience.", "documentKey": "Walla_Walla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Walla Walla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Walla Walla study. Distinguish Walla Walla people from CTUIR government, Cayuse and Umatilla constituent peoples, and the modern city. Broader Columbia River sources need their own historical/community scope. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://fisherieshabitat.ctuir.org/", "title": "CTUIR Fisheries Habitat Program. Program mission and river restoration approach.", "documentKey": "Walla_Walla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Walla Walla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Walla Walla study. Distinguish Walla Walla people from CTUIR government, Cayuse and Umatilla constituent peoples, and the modern city. Broader Columbia River sources need their own historical/community scope. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://ctuir.org/news/tamastslikt-cultural-institute-to-hold-anniversary-sale-aug-7-9/", "title": "Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. Tamastslikt anniversary announcement.", "documentKey": "Walla_Walla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Walla Walla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Walla Walla study. Distinguish Walla Walla people from CTUIR government, Cayuse and Umatilla constituent peoples, and the modern city. Broader Columbia River sources need their own historical/community scope. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/whmi/learn/index.htm", "title": "National Park Service. Whitman Mission history.", "documentKey": "Walla_Walla_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Walla Walla culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Walla Walla study. Distinguish Walla Walla people from CTUIR government, Cayuse and Umatilla constituent peoples, and the modern city. Broader Columbia River sources need their own historical/community scope. Supplied bibliography labels are leads, not original-source review.", "addedAt": "2026-10-21", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Public URL extracted from the owner study. Original content, identity, relevance and reader access have not been independently reviewed for this contributed collection." } ], "studyKeys": [ "Walla_Walla_Culture_History_and_Timeline" ], "added": false, "slug": "walla-walla", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" }, { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "originalId": 425, "name": "Wampanoag", "region": "Northeast / Massachusetts", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Wampanoag is a wider peoplehood encompassing distinct communities and contemporary tribal governments.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Wampanoag is a wider peoplehood encompassing distinct communities and contemporary tribal governments.", "sourceIds": [ "p425-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-authored histories, Wôpanâak language, land and individual nations. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p425-s1", "p425-s2", "p425-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p425-s1", "title": "History | Seaconke Wampanoag Official", "publisher": "seaconkewampanoag.org", "url": "https://www.seaconkewampanoag.org/history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History | Seaconke Wampanoag Official” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p425-s2", "title": "Our History — Chappaquiddick Wampanoag Tribe", "publisher": "chappaquiddickwampanoag.org", "url": "https://www.chappaquiddickwampanoag.org/who-we-are/our-history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Our History — Chappaquiddick Wampanoag Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p425-s3", "title": "Chappaquiddick Wampanoag Tribe", "publisher": "chappaquiddickwampanoag.org", "url": "https://www.chappaquiddickwampanoag.org/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Chappaquiddick Wampanoag Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 300, 243 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "wampanoag", "regionGroups": [ "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MA", "name": "Massachusetts", "key": "us-ma" }, { "id": "US-RI", "name": "Rhode Island", "key": "us-ri" } ] }, { "originalId": 426, "name": "Wanapum", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Washington", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Wanapum people have enduring relationships with the Columbia River region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Wanapum people have enduring relationships with the Columbia River region.", "sourceIds": [ "p426-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-authored history, language, river relationships and cultural institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p426-s1", "p426-s2", "p426-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p426-s1", "title": "Hanford: Visit the Wanapum Heritage Center (U.S. National Park Service)", "publisher": "nps.gov", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/thingstodo/hanford-visit-the-wanapum-heritage-center.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Hanford: Visit the Wanapum Heritage Center (U.S. National Park Service)” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p426-s2", "title": "Wanapum and the Lewis and Clark Expedition (U.S. National Park Service)", "publisher": "nps.gov", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/wanapum-and-the-lewis-and-clark-expedition.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Wanapum and the Lewis and Clark Expedition (U.S. National Park Service)” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p426-s3", "title": "Facilities • Wanapum Heritage Center", "publisher": "grantcountywa.gov", "url": "https://www.grantcountywa.gov/Facilities/Facility/Details/Wanapum-Heritage-Center-56", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Facilities • Wanapum Heritage Center” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "wanapum", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "originalId": 427, "name": "Wappo", "region": "California", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Wappo people have homelands in northern California, including the Napa and adjoining regions.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Wappo people have homelands in northern California, including the Napa and adjoining regions.", "sourceIds": [ "p427-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language history, distinct communities and contemporary tribal perspectives. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p427-s1", "p427-s2", "p427-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p427-s1", "title": "Wappo", "publisher": "cla.berkeley.edu", "url": "https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/wappo.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Wappo” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p427-s2", "title": "A Reference Grammar of Wappo by Sandra Thompson, Joseph Park, Charles Li - PDF - University of California Press", "publisher": "ucpress.edu", "url": "https://www.ucpress.edu/books/a-reference-grammar-of-wappo/pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “A Reference Grammar of Wappo by Sandra Thompson, Joseph Park, Charles Li - PDF - University of California Press” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p427-s3", "title": "A Reference Grammar of Wappo by Sandra Thompson, Joseph Park, Charles Li - Paper - University of California Press", "publisher": "ucpress.edu", "url": "https://www.ucpress.edu/books/a-reference-grammar-of-wappo/paper", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “A Reference Grammar of Wappo by Sandra Thompson, Joseph Park, Charles Li - Paper - University of California Press” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "wappo", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 428, "name": "Warm Springs", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Oregon", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Warm Springs can name both a constituent people and a contemporary confederated tribal government.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Warm Springs can name both a constituent people and a contemporary confederated tribal government.", "sourceIds": [ "p428-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Distinguish Warm Springs, Wasco and Paiute histories and the confederated government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p428-s1", "p428-s2", "p428-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p428-s1", "title": "History – Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs", "publisher": "warmsprings-nsn.gov", "url": "https://warmsprings-nsn.gov/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History – Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p428-s2", "title": "Language Program – Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs", "publisher": "warmsprings-nsn.gov", "url": "https://warmsprings-nsn.gov/program/language-program/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Language Program – Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p428-s3", "title": "Languages – Visit Warm Springs", "publisher": "visit.warmsprings-nsn.gov", "url": "https://visit.warmsprings-nsn.gov/2016/08/language/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Languages – Visit Warm Springs” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 429, 255 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "warm-springs", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" } ] }, { "name": "Wasauksing First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — listing address only", "overview": "Wasauksing First Nation’s community-supported educational work provides an entry into its history through Francis Pegahmagabow’s life. Read that individual story alongside the guide’s own warning that Indigenous veterans and communities have distinct experiences.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. This is an organizational relationship; membership alone does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, citizenship, jurisdiction or representation of another named community.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "A community-supported route for teachers and students", "text": "The 2016 teacher’s guide was developed through the Wasauksing War Hero and Native Veteran’s Educational Awareness and Commemoration Project. Gerry Weaver and Brian McInnes use Pegahmagabow’s story to connect military experience with family, community and political life. The opening pages encourage respectful discussion and stress that no single veteran’s experience represents everyone. This guide is a starting resource; its many lesson plans and source materials need separate review.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-wasauksing-teacher" ] }, { "title": "Leadership after military service", "text": "Parks Canada’s account follows Francis Pegahmagabow from First World War service into leadership at Wasauksing and wider Indigenous political organizing. It describes his work as chief and his challenges to government restrictions and treaty grievances. This is a named person’s history, not the history of every Wasauksing family. The federal commemorative perspective is useful alongside the community-supported educational guide.", "sourceIds": [ "p6-wasauksing-pegahmagabow" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p6-wasauksing-teacher", "title": "Indigenous War Heroes: Secondary School Curriculum — Teacher’s Guide", "publisher": "Wasauksing First Nation / Wasauksing War Hero and Native Veteran’s Educational Awareness and Commemoration Project; hosted by ONECA", "url": "https://oneca.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/FP_OtherResources_TeachersGuide.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Education", "Public history", "Biography" ], "annotation": "Selected printed/PDF pp.3–8 of the 89-page guide read: teaching approach, acknowledgments, introduction and Pegahmagabow biography. Copyright Wasauksing First Nation, 2016; authors Gerry Weaver and Brian McInnes. Community support and family participation are acknowledged. Not a review of all lessons, cited books, archives or images.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "2016", "author": "Gerry Weaver and Brian McInnes", "contentReviewScope": "Printed/PDF pages3–8 of89, including welcome/teaching approach, acknowledgments, introduction and biography. Copyright/authors read onPDFp2.", "accessNotes": "Public actual-content body/PDF selected pages were read without a login. Community-supported Wasauksing project with GerryWeaver/BrianMcInnes credited and family acknowledgments. Neither all89pages, citedbooks, archival originals nor media-reuse permissions reviewed. No guide images reproduced." }, { "id": "p6-wasauksing-pegahmagabow", "title": "Francis Pegahmagabow (1889–1952) National Historic Person", "publisher": "Parks Canada", "url": "https://parks.canada.ca/culture/designation/personnage-person/francis-pegahmagabow?wbdisable=false", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Biography", "Political history", "Public history" ], "annotation": "Complete historical background body read. Follows Pegahmagabow’s military service and subsequent Wasauksing and national political work; notes family nomination and Wasauksing support. Government commemorative interpretation, not a complete community history. Birth-year and award-number variations in other publications are not resolved here; no photograph from this page is reproduced.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "2019-06-13; page modified 2025-05-23", "contentReviewScope": "Complete historical biography body and designation/nomination context; web lines21–36.", "accessNotes": "Public actual-content body/PDF selected pages were read without a login. Federal commemorative interpretation, last historicalbackground2019/page modification2025. Birthyear/awardtotals vary in otherwork; those figures excluded. Museum-owned portrait not reused." } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page 18 (zero-based 17), Lake Huron member-listing block: exact name and explicit ON address locality only. Parenthetical alternate name retained only where printed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "access": "Public PDF selectable text actually inspected; no account or subscription needed for this inspection", "selectedPages": [ 18 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 17 ], "selectedLines": "1783-1787", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections.", "Add Wasauksing-authorized histories, language resources and everyday community accounts beyond this biographical starting point.", "Inspect the guide’s selected bibliography and original letters before adopting detailed military, rank or legal claims.", "Resolve source disagreements about Pegahmagabow’s birth year and award totals before using precise figures; no such total is asserted here." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A small, purposefully selected actual-content starting path and specifically scoped credited image are now available. Fuller history, source comparison and community review remain open; quantity does not establish completion.", "remainingLimits": [ "Add Wasauksing-authorized histories, language resources and everyday community accounts beyond this biographical starting point.", "Inspect the guide’s selected bibliography and original letters before adopting detailed military, rank or legal claims.", "Resolve source disagreements about Pegahmagabow’s birth year and award totals before using precise figures; no such total is asserted here." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p6-wasauksing-teacher", "p6-wasauksing-pegahmagabow" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; fuller history remains open", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-06", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "scopeNote": "A short starting path through selected actual-content works. Read each annotation for the specific community, period and inspection limits; this is not a complete history or community endorsement.", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p6-wasauksing-teacher", "reason": "Begin with the community-supported guide’s introduction, acknowledgments and attention to different experiences." }, { "sourceId": "p6-wasauksing-pegahmagabow", "reason": "Read a focused federal commemorative biography alongside the community-supported educational perspective." } ], "imageRecordId": "c06-wasauksing-parry-island-2012" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Cohort06: selected actual-content sources and specifically scoped credited imagery form a bounded starting guide. Reused publications/photos are not new global works. Comprehensive history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "wasauksing-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "originalId": 429, "name": "Wasco", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Oregon / Washington", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Wasco people have homelands around the middle Columbia River and distinct histories within contemporary confederated communities.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Wasco people have homelands around the middle Columbia River and distinct histories within contemporary confederated communities.", "sourceIds": [ "p429-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Chinookan language context, fishing, trade and tribal institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p429-s1", "p429-s2", "p429-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p429-s1", "title": "History – Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs", "url": "https://warmsprings-nsn.gov/history/", "publisher": "warmsprings-nsn.gov", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p429-s2", "title": "Wasco, and Yamel.", "publisher": "archives.gov", "url": "https://www.archives.gov/files/native-americans/bia/m2.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Wasco, and Yamel.” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p429-s3", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Wasco", "publisher": "bpa.gov", "url": "https://www.bpa.gov/-/media/Aep/environmental-initiatives/cultural-resources/cultural-resources-fcrps-handbook.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Wasco” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 428 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "wasco", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "key": "us-or" } ] }, { "originalId": 430, "name": "Washoe", "region": "Great Basin / Nevada / California", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Washoe people have homelands around Lake Tahoe and neighboring Great Basin and Sierra regions.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Washoe people have homelands around Lake Tahoe and neighboring Great Basin and Sierra regions.", "sourceIds": [ "p430-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Wašiw naming, language, land and contemporary tribal government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p430-s1", "p430-s2", "p430-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p430-s1", "title": "Washoe Tribe of NV & CA", "url": "https://washoetribe.us/aboutpage/4-Page-washoe-history", "publisher": "washoetribe.us", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p430-s2", "title": "BOOK Inventory -THPO - Washoe Tribe of NV and CA F", "publisher": "washoetribe.us", "url": "https://washoetribe.us/documents/1018/Copy_of_Book_Inventory.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “BOOK Inventory -THPO - Washoe Tribe of NV and CA F” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p430-s3", "title": "Washoe Tribe of NV & CA", "publisher": "washoetribe.us", "url": "https://washoetribe.us/departmentaboutpage/1333-Page-accomplishments-and-projects", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Washoe Tribe of NV & CA” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "washoe", "regionGroups": [ "California", "Great Basin" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "added": true, "name": "Wet’suwet’en", "region": "British Columbia", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Wet’suwet’en is a people’s name in northern British Columbia. Hereditary house institutions and elected First Nation governments have different roles and should be distinguished.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Wet’suwet’en is a people’s name in northern British Columbia. Hereditary house institutions and elected First Nation governments have different roles and should be distinguished.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Witsuwit’en language, house and clan relationships, territorial history and community-specific institutions. Start with the annotated sources and compare each publisher’s scope and perspective.", "sourceIds": [ "added-s1", "added-s2", "added-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "added-s1", "title": "History | Wet'suwet'en First Nation", "publisher": "wetsuweten.net", "url": "https://www.wetsuweten.net/about-wfn/history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History | Wet'suwet'en First Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "added-s2", "title": "About Wet'suwet'en First Nation", "publisher": "wetsuweten.net", "url": "https://www.wetsuweten.net/about-wfn/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “About Wet'suwet'en First Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "added-s3", "title": "ALL CLANS FEAST", "publisher": "wetsuweten.com", "url": "https://www.wetsuweten.com/images/uploads/AllClansFeast2010.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “ALL CLANS FEAST” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 41, 27 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "slug": "wetsuweten", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-BC", "name": "British Columbia", "key": "ca-bc" } ] }, { "name": "White Earth Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Minnesota", "overview": "White Earth Nation is a distinct Minnesota tribal government and community. Its Cultural Division introduces language, naming and reservation history, while its 2025 climate plan connects contemporary priorities with land, water, seasonal cycles and food sovereignty. These community publications offer a focused introduction rather than a history of every Ojibwe or Anishinaabe community.", "relationshipNote": "MnDOT explicitly places this individual Minnesota government under its Ojibwe Tribal Nation grouping. It remains a separate government; the broader Ojibwe directory route is related reading, not a substitute identity.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Culture, language and a particular community", "text": "The Cultural Division describes work with schools and community programs and explains Ojibwe, Chippewa and Anishinaabe naming as used in its own account. Context matters: related terms are not a reason to collapse separate communities into one government. The introduction places the White Earth Reservation's establishment in 1867. It is an institutional historical orientation, rather than an independently reconstructed treaty history or a measure of present language fluency. Start with the Nation's wording and carry its specific community context into wider reading.", "sourceIds": [ "p265-s8" ] }, { "title": "A community planning document", "text": "The 2025 Climate Action Plan links cultural life and food sovereignty with land, climate and seasonal cycles. Its introduction describes a planning team of community members and government staff, meetings held in 2024 and a community survey. These methods help readers understand whose input shaped the document. The selected pages establish the plan's purpose and process; unreviewed sector chapters are not summarized. Survey respondents are a dated group, not a census or proof that everyone shares one view, and proposed actions are not completed outcomes.", "sourceIds": [ "p265-s9" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p265-s8", "title": "Culture — White Earth Nation", "author": "White Earth Nation Cultural Division", "publisher": "White Earth Nation", "url": "https://www.whiteearth.com/divisions/culture", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Tribal cultural division public introduction", "topics": [ "White Earth Nation", "Anishinaabe naming", "Language", "Culture", "Reservation history" ], "publicationDate": "Undated page", "annotation": "The Cultural Division describes its work in language, school and community programs, and explains naming conventions as used in its White Earth history. It states that Ojibwe, Chippewa and Anishinaabe usage varies by context; the wording is the Nation’s institutional account and is not used to flatten differences among communities.", "contentReviewScope": "Read the full visible Culture introduction and reservation-history paragraphs (lines 53–63), including the Division mission and the account of White Earth Reservation’s 1867 establishment.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "p265-s9", "title": "White Earth Nation Climate Action Plan", "author": "White Earth Nation with paleBLUEdot; plan co-authored by a 26-person community planning team", "publisher": "White Earth Nation", "url": "https://www.whiteearth.com/media/pages/divisions/natural-resources/environmental-affairs/f408697bff-1767823334/white-earth-climate-action-plan-070925_compressed.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "sourceKind": "Community-wide planning document developed with White Earth members and government staff", "topics": [ "White Earth Nation", "Land and water", "Wild rice", "Food sovereignty", "Contemporary community priorities" ], "publicationDate": "2025 plan; planning meetings May–November 2024", "annotation": "This is a contemporary, community-planning source rather than a general history. Its introduction ties land, climate and seasonal cycles to White Earth culture and food sovereignty, and describes planning-team and community-survey methods. Survey results are the plan’s dated respondents, not population estimates or universal consensus.", "contentReviewScope": "Inspected PDF pages 2–3 and 12–14 (PDF lines 91–188 and 534–600): reservation and cultural context, 1867 history, government structure, plan purpose, co-authoring process and survey scope. The remaining sector chapters were not reviewed for this profile.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "countsTowardMinimum": true } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.dot.state.mn.us/mntribes/mntribes.html", "publisher": "Minnesota Department of Transportation", "scope": "Actual Tribal Nations in Minnesota page, lines22–74: eleven individually listed governments, explicitly grouped under seven Ojibwe and four Dakota nations. Separate-sovereign-government wording read; linked sheets and tribal destinations were not content-reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 265 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Compare reservation history with original instruments and wider community voices.", "Inspect the remaining plan chapters and later implementation before claiming outcomes.", "Current language fluency, program access and community review remain unverified." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A compact source-led introduction to this named community; historical breadth, local voices and outcomes remain limited. No comprehensive completion or community endorsement is claimed.", "remainingLimits": [ "Compare reservation history with original instruments and wider community voices.", "Inspect the remaining plan chapters and later implementation before claiming outcomes.", "Current language fluency, program access and community review remain unverified." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "p265-s8", "p265-s9" ], "directoryQueueStatus": "Community-specific starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "p265-s8", "origin": { "originalId": 265, "profile": "Ojibwe" }, "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "inspectionBasis": "Exact prior source object and review date/scope preserved; no fresh original-source reading is claimed.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "scope": "Read the full visible Culture introduction and reservation-history paragraphs (lines 53–63), including the Division mission and the account of White Earth Reservation’s 1867 establishment." }, { "sourceId": "p265-s9", "origin": { "originalId": 265, "profile": "Ojibwe" }, "originalContentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "inspectionBasis": "Exact prior source object and review date/scope preserved; no fresh original-source reading is claimed.", "sourceObjectPreserved": true, "scope": "Inspected PDF pages 2–3 and 12–14 (PDF lines 91–188 and 534–600): reservation and cultural context, 1867 history, government structure, plan purpose, co-authoring process and survey scope. The remaining sector chapters were not reviewed for this profile." } ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-02", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p265-s8", "reason": "Begin with White Earth's own cultural and historical orientation." }, { "sourceId": "p265-s9", "reason": "See a dated community planning process connecting land, food and climate." } ], "scopeNote": "Named government/community route; wider Dakota or Ojibwe reading profiles remain related context rather than interchangeable identities.", "reviewBasis": "Reused actual-content source records, preserving original review dates and selected-content limits. Image review is separate.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Compare reservation history with original instruments and wider community voices.", "Inspect the remaining plan chapters and later implementation before claiming outcomes.", "Current language fluency, program access and community review remain unverified." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "imageRecordId": "white-earth-headquarters-mahon-2026" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "A community-specific starting guide reuses selected earlier actual-content reviews with their original dates/scopes. It does not add new global works merely because a URL appears on this route. Picture identification/rights are separate from historical adequacy or community endorsement." ], "slug": "white-earth-nation", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MN", "name": "Minnesota", "key": "us-mn" } ] }, { "name": "Whitefish River First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — listing address only", "overview": "Whitefish River First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. This is an organizational relationship; membership alone does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, citizenship, jurisdiction or representation of another named community.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page 18 (zero-based 17), Lake Huron member-listing block: exact name and explicit ON address locality only. Parenthetical alternate name retained only where printed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "access": "Public PDF selectable text actually inspected; no account or subscription needed for this inspection", "selectedPages": [ 18 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 17 ], "selectedLines": "1790-1792", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "whitefish-river-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-27", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 83 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "comanche" ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-27", "researchGaps": [ "Review the original Comanche Language and Cultural Preservation Committee dictionary and additional community-authored accounts.", "Establish period, local community relationships and any contemporary organization separately; this name check does not identify a separate current government.", "Develop a reading path and review individually relevant image rights before substantive profile publication." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only route based on a narrowly selected report paragraph; no substantive bibliography or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, exact community scope, current institutions and cleared imagery remain queued." ] }, "name": "Wianv", "kind": "Comanche band-name reading route", "region": "Walters, Oklahoma area — dated report context", "overview": "Wianv is an individually findable Comanche band-name route recorded in a 2021 consulted Texas report. Detailed history, annotated reading sources and specifically relevant imagery remain queued.", "relationshipNote": "The 2021 report explicitly groups Wianv, Wianvv and Wiaznvv spellings and describes a band from the Walters, Oklahoma area, citing the 2010 community language dictionary. This is an attributed name-only outline, not proof of a separate present government, exact homeland or individual descent.", "searchTerms": [ "Wianvv", "Wiaznvv" ], "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://ftp.txdot.gov/pub/txdot-info/env/toolkit/415-03-rpt.pdf", "publisher": "Texas Department of Transportation", "title": "Tribal Histories: Comanche Nation Research Report — selected printed page 10", "scope": "Actual printed/PDF page 10 paragraph listing additional Comanche band names, citing Comanche Language and Cultural Preservation Committee 2010, read as selectable text. The original dictionary and current recognition or government records were not inspected. Naming check only; no map, photograph, ceremonial material or complete report review claimed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "slug": "wianv", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "originalId": 431, "name": "Wichita", "region": "Great Plains / Oklahoma / Texas / Kansas", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Wichita is a broader people-level reading route, while Wichita and Affiliated Tribes is the name of a present government centered at Anadarko, Oklahoma. Its institutional history includes Wichita Proper, Waco, Taovaya, Tawakoni and Kichai, whose names and histories should remain individually identified. This community-source foundation follows the Tribe’s account of Plains village life, displacement, continuing community and educational resources; it does not make the historical labels interchangeable or establish every present affiliation.", "sections": [ { "title": "Named peoples and a present government", "text": "The Tribe’s history identifies Wichita Proper, Waco, Taovaya, Tawakoni and Kichai within its account. Its later chapter describes the organized Wichita and Affiliated Tribes community at Anadarko. Keep those two levels clear: related historical peoples are not simply alternate spellings, and this institutional account does not make every historical group one timeless government. Other historical and community sources should be read with their dates and named scope. The dated Elam and Harper accounts also distinguish narrower and broader uses of Wichita; their historical terminology must be read in context.", "sourceIds": [ "p431-s1", "p431-s2", "p431-s6", "p431-support-elam-1996", "p431-historical-harper-1953" ] }, { "title": "Farming, hunting and the seasonal village", "text": "The People of the Grass House chapter describes a seasonal pattern combining gardens and buffalo hunting. It follows food preservation and storage alongside the work of maintaining grass houses. Read this as a historical account of particular Plains village practices, including cooperative household work, rather than a picture of how every Wichita person lives today. Cultural and ceremonial narratives in the original remain with their publisher.", "sourceIds": [ "p431-s1" ] }, { "title": "Red River trade and changing villages", "text": "Harper places Taovaya settlements on both sides of the Red River and discusses related villages sharing trade centers. Her interpretation supports historical Texas connections while retaining separate names; it does not establish a fixed territory. The underlying colonial records remain unread here.", "sourceIds": [ "p431-historical-harper-1953" ] }, { "title": "Reading the 1846 Council Springs treaty", "text": "The May 15, 1846 treaty names Wichita, Waco and other participating groups separately. Its text addresses trade, prisoners, violence, peace, and proposed blacksmith and teaching services. The printed signatory list also retains distinct period headings. Readers can examine a primary agreement here while keeping its limits clear: stated promises are not proof of implementation, and historical names or signatures alone do not settle present identity, jurisdiction or treaty rights.", "sourceIds": [ "p431-primary-treaty-1846" ] }, { "title": "Texas displacement and wartime refuge", "text": "The Tribe’s August 2012 history distinguishes Waco and Tawakoni removal from the Brazos Reserve from the Wichita and Keechi journey through the Fort Arbuckle area. Neighbors’s September 3, 1859 report, reprinted in 1883, dates his Texas-reserve party’s arrival to August 16 and the administrative handover to September 1. He also reports that people were unwilling to occupy new homes without protection. Those official dates do not establish safety, voluntary migration or one identical journey for every named people. Individual registers and fuller route records remain unreviewed. The Tribe’s account later describes wartime flight to Kansas and a return to Indian Territory.", "sourceIds": [ "p431-community-removal-2012", "p431-s1", "p431-gpo-removal-petition-1883" ] }, { "title": "A later petition and the limits of official records", "text": "The collection also prints an April 1882 petition by delegates identifying Wichita, Caddo and “Pannatakees,” using that period wording. They ask Congress to confirm land held in common. This preserves their stated claim, not a finding that the claim was accepted or proof of every community’s position. Keeping the petition separate from officials’ interpretations helps readers compare whose account each record presents.", "sourceIds": [ "p431-gpo-removal-petition-1883" ] }, { "title": "Continuity through family and community", "text": "A New Beginning emphasizes continuing community after the loss of grass-house village life. The account describes older and younger generations sharing memories while people pursue education, employment and family gatherings. Its language of endurance is the institution’s interpretation of its history; it is not a statistical survey or a claim that every member has the same experience or practice.", "sourceIds": [ "p431-s1" ] }, { "title": "Community memory beyond a story of disappearance", "text": "Bethke, Trabert and Gary McAdams’s collaborative research with Wichita and Affiliated Tribes brings community memories together with archives and low-impact archaeology. The authors describe how twentieth-century gathering places in Oklahoma helped sustain relationships through and after allotment. Their account connects older history with living Wichita people. It remains a specific community-based study: its published recollections and academic interpretation should be attributed, rather than treated as a survey of every community or a current legal boundary.", "sourceIds": [ "p431-historical-bethke-2024" ] }, { "title": "A public route into the language", "text": "The Tribe’s online dictionary pairs English vocabulary and phrases with Wichita forms and links many entries for pronunciation. Readers can follow this community-published resource directly. The listing was inspected, but recordings and apps were not tested. Resource availability alone does not establish current speaker totals, proficiency or learning outcomes.", "sourceIds": [ "p431-s4" ] }, { "title": "Language learning and community-controlled archives", "text": "Sapphire Hodges’s 2018 thesis examines archives and language-learning possibilities in a Wichita community setting. Her account describes Tribal direction of an archive project and argues for community control over learning priorities. The survey was largely voluntary at a local event, included people with different community relationships, and used self-assessed language ability. It is a dated case study, not a census or a test of present proficiency. The Tribe’s Department of Preservation separately describes its History Center, archives, library and language projects; listing a resource does not make all its materials public or establish learning outcomes.", "sourceIds": [ "p431-scholarship-hodges-2018", "p431-support-preservation-2026" ] }, { "title": "Education as a contemporary institution", "text": "The Education Services Department describes support ranging from adult and vocational learning to undergraduate and graduate study. Its program account also discusses lending equipment for coursework. These are the publisher’s stated activities and aims. Funding, eligibility and application requirements vary; this guide does not promise assistance or report measured outcomes. The original pages remain the route to current details.", "sourceIds": [ "p431-s5" ] }, { "title": "Reading path and the scope of this foundation", "text": "Begin with the Tribe’s connected history exhibit, then compare its more specific newsletter account of removal with the 1846 treaty text and the later federal compilation of the 1859 report and 1882 petition. Use the public dictionary and education pages as direct community-published routes. Harper’s trade-history pages, the collaborative twentieth-century study and Hodges’s language/archive case study ask different questions and should retain their dates, methods and perspectives. Further primary records, separately scoped affiliated histories and governing-text review remain open. This is a developing cited source guide, not a completed or community-endorsed history.", "sourceIds": [ "p431-s1", "p431-community-removal-2012", "p431-primary-treaty-1846", "p431-s4", "p431-s5", "p431-historical-harper-1953", "p431-historical-bethke-2024", "p431-scholarship-hodges-2018", "p431-gpo-removal-petition-1883" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p431-s1", "title": "Wichita Memories — four connected institutional history chapters", "publisher": "Wichita and Affiliated Tribes; exhibit collaboration credited to the Stovall Museum of Science and History and Oklahoma Archaeological Survey", "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/people-of-the-grass-house-1750-1820/", "type": "Indigenous-led / collaborative public history", "topics": [ "Names and affiliations", "Southern Plains", "Farming and hunting", "Texas", "Displacement", "Community continuity" ], "annotation": "Four linked chapters explain the Tribe’s historical account from early encounters through village life, displacement and continuing community. The credits identify a cooperative exhibit. Treat the chapters as one work, keep named historical groups distinct, and attribute archaeological, treaty and continuity interpretations rather than turning the narrative into independently checked archival evidence.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "author": "Institutionally published exhibit narrative; individual chapter byline not supplied", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Complete main narratives of In the Beginning:1540–1750 (lines27–38), People of the Grass House:1750–1820 (27–39), Days of Darkness:1820–1934 (27–37), and A New Beginning:1934–Present (27–38), plus References and Contributors (27–91). Public narrative passages read; no quoted origin stories, ceremonial details, images or underlying bibliography reproduced or separately researched.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One substantial connected historical exhibit, counted once rather than once per adjacent chapter or bibliography page.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/in-the-beginning-1540-1750/", "title": "In the Beginning:1540–1750", "scope": "Complete main narrative; original p431-s2 URL preserved separately as a duplicate reading route." }, { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/days-of-darkness-1820-1934/", "title": "Days of Darkness:1820–1934", "scope": "Complete main narrative; population estimates and legal interpretations not adopted as independent facts." }, { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/a-new-beginning-1934-present/", "title": "A New Beginning:1934–Present", "scope": "Complete main narrative; ongoing cultural/community account attributed to this publisher, not a current statistical survey." }, { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/references-and-contributors/", "title": "References and Contributors", "scope": "Collaboration, credits and reference list inspected; cited works remain unread unless checked separately by the other research agent." } ], "accessNotes": "Public readable English HTML, no account/paywall encountered. Individual publication/revision dates are unstated; date ranges in titles are historical coverage, not publication dates. Do not repeat historical population estimates as current figures, infer present identities from archaeological phases, or treat institutional treaty summaries as direct readings of the instruments." }, { "id": "p431-s2", "title": "In the Beginning: 1540–1750 — preserved chapter route", "publisher": "Wichita and Affiliated Tribes", "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/in-the-beginning-1540-1750/", "type": "Indigenous-led / linked chapter of inspected institutional history", "topics": [ "Names and affiliations", "Historical interpretation", "Southern Plains" ], "annotation": "Preserved original route to the first chapter of the history exhibit counted under Source 1. It identifies the peoples included in the publisher’s account. Archaeological relationships are the account’s interpretations; the page is not additional independent corroboration or another substantive-work count.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Complete main chapter narrative, lines27–38. No images, quoted origin narrative or archaeological records reused or separately reviewed.", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Same connected institutional history as p431-s1; retained as a useful chapter route without duplicate counting." }, { "id": "p431-s3", "title": "Wichita's Beginnings | Wichita, KS", "publisher": "wichita.gov", "url": "https://www.wichita.gov/2054/Wichitas-Beginnings", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Preserved municipal-history reading lead, not the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes government. Its content was not inspected in this foundational review; it remains uncounted and does not establish present community identity.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Unread original municipal reference, retained without a substantive content check.", "inspectionStatus": "Unread municipal-history lead" }, { "id": "p431-s4", "title": "English to Wichita — official dictionary listing", "publisher": "Wichita and Affiliated Tribes", "author": "Tribal publication; individual compilers/speakers not identified in inspected page", "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/dictionary/", "type": "Indigenous-led / language-learning reference", "topics": [ "Wichita language", "Learning resources", "Public vocabulary" ], "annotation": "An official alphabetic English-to-Wichita resource with vocabulary and short phrases, many linked for pronunciation playback. The public listing itself was read. It offers a language-learning route, not evidence of current speaker totals, learner proficiency or the independent verification of every transcription.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Complete visible dictionary introduction and A–Y listing, lines27–202. Audio links and app routes were noted but no recordings listened to, apps installed, full dictionary database exported or speaker identities inferred.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "Substantive lexical reference actually inspected; listing and linked audio/app routes count as one resource, not separate completed works.", "accessNotes": "Public English/Wichita HTML, no login/paywall encountered. No vocabulary entries or recordings copied into the Atlas proposal; link-only. Pronunciation links were not playback-tested, and accessibility of audio controls/apps was not checked." }, { "id": "p431-s5", "title": "Education Services — higher-education and career program account", "publisher": "Wichita and Affiliated Tribes, Education Services Department", "author": "Institutional educational-program publication; individual byline not supplied", "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/education/higher-education-programs/", "type": "Indigenous-led / educational institutions and services", "topics": [ "Education", "Adult learning", "Student support", "Contemporary institutions" ], "annotation": "A detailed first-party description of adult education, vocational training, degree support and equipment borrowing, read with the Department’s stated mission. It shows the institution’s published educational aims and program structure. It does not establish participation outcomes, guaranteed awards or eligibility for every reader.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Higher Education Programs main program descriptions through deadlines, lines27–123; Department of Education vision/mission and program categories, lines42–74. Long external-resource directories, applications, financial records, service-area image and program outcomes were not inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One substantive official education-program account with its departmental context; not separate counts for every benefit or application link.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/education/", "title": "Department of Education — mission and program categories", "scope": "Vision/mission and program categories, lines42–74; external listings not verified or counted." } ], "accessNotes": "Public English HTML; no login/paywall encountered for descriptions. Actual applications were not submitted/opened and reader eligibility was not tested. Different pages display different funding figures and dated academic-year information; amounts, deadlines and benefit guarantees are deliberately omitted. Consult the publisher for current program details." }, { "id": "p431-s6", "title": "Government — official roster and document route", "publisher": "Wichita and Affiliated Tribes", "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/government/", "type": "Indigenous-led / supporting government navigation", "topics": [ "Government", "Institutional reading routes" ], "annotation": "The Tribe’s government page identifies executive offices and links readers to a Governing Resolution and meeting materials. This short roster is supporting context. Current officeholder names are not carried into the historical synthesis, and the linked governing instrument was not read.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Government roster/navigation, lines27–122; no biographies, minutes or governing-document content inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Short roster/navigation; not a substantive governmental history or actual-content review of the linked law.", "accessNotes": "Public HTML. The linked 2016-named Governing Resolution appeared as a seven-page PDF to the web tool, but text/screenshot output was unreadable and normal direct download returned403. No legal provisions inferred or counted; no paywall claim or bypass attempted." }, { "id": "p431-historical-harper-1953", "title": "The Taovayas Indians in Frontier Trade and Diplomacy 1719–1768 — selected pages", "author": "Elizabeth Ann Harper", "publisher": "Oklahoma Historical Society, The Chronicles of Oklahoma; digitization at The Gateway to Oklahoma History / UNT Libraries", "url": "https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc2123510/", "type": "Academic / historical scholarship", "topics": [ "Historical names", "Taovaya", "Texas", "Red River", "Trade", "Colonial records" ], "publicationDate": "1953", "citation": "Harper, Elizabeth Ann. 1953. “The Taovayas Indians in Frontier Trade and Diplomacy 1719–1768.” The Chronicles of Oklahoma 31(3): 268–289.", "annotation": "A dated historical study of Taovaya trade and village names. Interpretations and colonial terminology are attributed, rather than adopted as current community identity.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Actual repository OCR of printed pp. 269–271 and 273 read, including associated notes. The opening page was also encountered but has a conflicting OCR page header. Remaining article pages, illustrations and cited original documents were not inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One substantive selected historical argument actually read; article pages and repository metadata are not separate works. Its scope is explicit and its dated interpretation is attributed.", "accessStatus": "Public repository page images and OCR links; selected OCR readable without an account", "accessNotes": "Primary repository record confirms author, Autumn1953, journal31(3),22pages and268–289 range. Selected OCR routes returned actual article content. One page272 request failed and was not silently filled; another first-page OCR request failed before the corresponding image-view page supplied text. A primary image link was followed but no usable visual inspection result was returned. No local PDF download or visual image review is claimed. OCR contains obvious spelling errors, so no uncertain spelling or exact source-language transcription is adopted. The repository's description has an apparent wording error about Spain; the draft relies on article text, not that description. Rights holder is Oklahoma Historical Society; no reproduction license was established and the article remains link-only.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Article OCR, printed p.269", "url": "https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc2123510/m1/2/ocr/", "scope": "Separately named villages and broad Wichita naming." }, { "title": "Article OCR, printed p.270", "url": "https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc2123510/m1/3/ocr/", "scope": "French naming and trade discussion; maps mentioned in text were not reviewed." }, { "title": "Article OCR, printed p.271", "url": "https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc2123510/m1/4/ocr/", "scope": "Red River villages and historical name variation; treaty quotations are not present boundary findings." }, { "title": "Article OCR, printed p.273", "url": "https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc2123510/m1/6/ocr/", "scope": "Commercial and diplomatic interpretation; cited sources remain unread." } ], "language": "en", "perspective": "Outside historical scholarship from1953, with dated colonial terminology; not a current government account or independent primary-record inspection." }, { "id": "p431-historical-bethke-2024", "title": "Anchoring Sovereignty in Space: Documenting Places of Wichita Community Building in the Twentieth Century — selected sections", "authors": [ "Brandi Bethke", "Sarah Trabert", "Gary McAdams" ], "publisher": "American Antiquity / Society for American Archaeology; Cambridge University Press", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-antiquity/article/anchoring-sovereignty-in-space-documenting-places-of-wichita-community-building-in-the-twentieth-century/0787F04BB412F6FD5B2891BCF403D85F", "doi": "10.1017/aaq.2024.23", "type": "Academic / community-collaborative history", "topics": [ "Community memory", "Oklahoma", "Allotment history", "Collaborative research", "Historical continuity" ], "publicationDate": "2024-05-13", "dateBasis": "Published online May13,2024; issue July2024.", "citation": "Bethke, Brandi, Sarah Trabert, and Gary McAdams. 2024. “Anchoring Sovereignty in Space: Documenting Places of Wichita Community Building in the Twentieth Century.” American Antiquity 89(3): 360–377. https://doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2024.23.", "annotation": "A collaborative study joining archaeology, archives and community memories. It offers twentieth-century Oklahoma history and a clear explanation of its methods. The authors distinguish community priorities and quoted memories from their own academic interpretation.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Actual full HTML: abstract; introduction before Theoretical Framework; opening Wichita Places of Gathering paragraphs; Collaborative Archaeological Methods and its three subsections; Discussion and Conclusions; acknowledgments and data-availability statement. Detailed results, photographs, maps, underlying interviews and restricted datasets were not independently reviewed.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One substantial directly relevant collaborative publication, inspected beyond its abstract; HTML and issue/PDF editions are one work.", "accessStatus": "Public full HTML, publisher-labelled Open Access", "accessNotes": "The complete article HTML was available without login. Primary metadata supplies authors, affiliations, DOI, issue/pages, publication date and CC BY4.0 license. Gary McAdams is explicitly affiliated with Wichita and Affiliated Tribes; no other author's ancestry is inferred. The methods state Tribal Executive Committee involvement and participant consent, and distinguish academic interpretation from community memories. Raw interviews, field notes and spatial datasets are held by named offices and may be accessible only at their discretion; none were requested or accessed. No ceremonial descriptions, stories, archaeological location codes, coordinates, photographs or maps are proposed for reproduction.", "licenseShort": "CC BY4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "language": "en", "perspective": "Mixed academic/community collaboration. Published memories are situated accounts, not a representative survey or proof of precise territorial/legal boundaries." }, { "id": "p431-support-elam-1996", "title": "Wichita Indians — selected naming and regional-history context", "author": "Earl H. Elam", "publisher": "Texas State Historical Association, Handbook of Texas Online", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/wichita-indians", "type": "Academic / reference — dated supporting account", "topics": [ "Historical names", "Texas", "Source perspective" ], "publicationDate": "1996-02-01", "annotation": "Useful for comparing narrow-band and broader uses of Wichita in Texas history. Retained as supporting context: unsupported racial and religious generalizations and dated present-government wording elsewhere in the article are not adopted.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Full visible article and bibliography read; only opening naming distinctions and regional-history paragraphs used. Stereotyped cultural claims, current legal-status inference, and cited works are excluded from this proposal.", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Dated short supporting orientation with problematic generalized assertions; not promoted into the excellent substantive target.", "accessStatus": "Public readable article", "accessNotes": "Author, article body, bibliography and February1,1996 date were visible on the original publisher page. No login required for the inspected text; present government information should instead come from current Nation publications." }, { "id": "p431-community-removal-2012", "title": "Removal from Texas — Wichita History, August 2012 newsletter, pp. 2–3", "author": "Institutional history article; individual byline not printed on inspected article pages", "publisher": "Wichita and Affiliated Tribes", "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/08.12-wichita_newsletter-final.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led / retrospective community history", "topics": [ "Texas", "Waco", "Tawakoni", "Removal", "Oklahoma", "Historical names" ], "publicationDate": "2012-08", "citation": "Wichita and Affiliated Tribes. 2012. “Removal from Texas.” Wichita and Affiliated Tribes Newsletter, August, 2–3.", "annotation": "A substantial Tribal history article distinguishes Waco and Tawakoni removal from the Brazos Reserve from the Wichita and Keechi journey through the Fort Arbuckle area. It follows later displacement and village rebuilding. This is the publisher’s retrospective account, drawing on Earl H. Elam’s 2008 book; it is not a direct inspection of the removal reports.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Complete “Wichita History / Removal from Texas” article on printed pp. 2–3 (PDF pages 2–3; extracted lines 113–204), including all eleven endnotes. Issue cover inspected for August 2012 date and publisher. Adjacent employment notices, personal news, photographs and the rest of the issue were not reviewed for the proposal.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One connected two-page historical argument, read in full; the two pages, issue cover and endnotes are not separate works. Distinct from the older connected Wichita Memories exhibit.", "accessStatus": "Public searchable English PDF, no account required in the inspected access", "accessNotes": "The upload directory says 2023 but the issue itself says August 2012. PDF text was inspected; no source photograph is cleared or proposed. Elam’s cited 2008 book and the historical reports behind it remain unread. Historical counts, detailed casualty assertions and broad claims of inevitable disappearance are not adopted. Individual authorship is not guessed from other newsletter contributors.", "perspective": "Tribal institutional retrospective; the article explicitly voices an “our people” perspective and interprets dispossession. Specific historical claims remain attributed to this account.", "language": "en", "rightsNotes": "Public reading access does not establish reproduction permission. Retain as a link with short paraphrase; no newsletter scans or photographs proposed." }, { "id": "p431-primary-treaty-1846", "title": "Treaty with the Comanche, Aionai, Anadarko, Caddo, etc., May 15, 1846 — treaty text", "author": "United States commissioners and the named participating chiefs, counsellors and warriors; later compilation edited by Charles J. Kappler", "publisher": "Oklahoma State University Libraries, Tribal Treaties Database; Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties", "url": "https://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-comanche-aionai-anadarko-caddo-etc-1846-0554", "type": "Primary historical document / university-hosted treaty transcription", "topics": [ "Texas", "Treaties", "Wichita", "Waco", "Tawakoni", "Trade", "Historical names" ], "publicationDate": "1846-05-15", "citation": "“Treaty with the Comanche, Aionai, Anadarko, Caddo, etc., 1846.” Concluded May 15, 1846; proclaimed March 8, 1847. 9 Stat. 844. Charles J. Kappler, Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties, vol. 2; Oklahoma State University Libraries transcription.", "annotation": "Read the treaty’s preamble and dated obligations concerning trade, peace, prisoners and proposed material/educational assistance. Distinct named groups and signatory headings can be compared without treating them as modern aliases. A treaty text records an agreement’s wording, not proof that its promises were fulfilled.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Complete actual HTML transcription: dating/preamble, Articles 1–14 (including struck Articles 3 and 5), closing statement and named signatory/witness/interpreter headings, lines 23–157. A separate six-page transcription on the Lipan Apache site was encountered as the same work, not another count.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One directly relevant primary treaty text inspected beyond metadata. Transcriptions, printed editions, archival catalogue records and mirrors count as the same historical work.", "accessStatus": "Public searchable English HTML, no account required", "accessNotes": "The OSU index link initially returned a tool error; the actual canonical article was then located and read. The page links a scan and National Archives alternative, but manuscript marks, signatures, marginal changes and translations were not visually compared. Preserve period spellings only as attributed historical labels. No current jurisdiction, treaty-rights entitlement, citizenship or legal conclusion is drawn.", "perspective": "A negotiated historical instrument transmitted in a U.S. governmental compilation; coercive colonial-era wording is evidence about this document, not a neutral account of community life.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "url": "https://www.lipanapache.org/LAT/assets/PDFs/treaties/Treaty05-15-1846.pdf", "title": "Community-hosted six-page treaty transcription — same work", "scope": "Opening PDF transcription encountered; not another substantive source. The complete substantive reading used OSU HTML." } ], "rightsNotes": "Link to the university transcription and archival alternatives. No manuscript images reproduced; no distinct image-reuse license inferred.", "language": "en" }, { "id": "p431-scholarship-hodges-2018", "title": "Community-Based Archives, Museums and Language Revitalization: A Case Study from the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes in Anadarko, Oklahoma — selected sections", "author": "Sapphire Hodges", "publisher": "University of Oklahoma, MA thesis in Applied Linguistic Anthropology; SHAREOK institutional repository", "url": "https://shareok.org/items/04895a83-06aa-43f4-a960-b9271ed7d41f", "type": "Academic / community-engaged language and archival research", "topics": [ "Language learning", "Community archives", "Wichita Tribal History Center", "Research methods", "Contemporary institutions" ], "publicationDate": "2018", "citation": "Hodges, Sapphire. 2018. Community-Based Archives, Museums and Language Revitalization: A Case Study from the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes in Anadarko, Oklahoma. MA thesis, University of Oklahoma. https://hdl.handle.net/11244/299837.", "annotation": "Selected chapters connect community-controlled archives with language-learning possibilities. Methods and participation limits are explicit: surveys were largely collected at a community event, and responses are not a population census or proficiency assessment. Read the author’s recommendations as a dated interpretation, not proof of present outcomes.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Actual PDF text: title/degree/copyright/contents/abstract; introduction pp. 1–3; Sections 3.3–3.4 pp. 84–90 plus opening self-assessment caveat in 3.5 p. 90; Section 4.1 pp. 130–134; Chapter 6 “Final Thoughts,” pp. 180–186. Printed page number = PDF zero-based page index minus 7. Surrounding returned excerpts were encountered, but detailed survey-result sections, grammar appendix, underlying archive materials and recordings were not systematically inspected or reproduced.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One substantial directly relevant scholarly case study, actually read across methods, archive-project account and conclusions; its selected chapters and repository editions are one work.", "accessStatus": "Public searchable English PDF and repository metadata, no account required", "accessNotes": "247 PDF pages were available; only the specified sections are reviewed. The author reports mostly voluntary participation at the Annual Dance, mixed participant relationships/enrollment, and self-assessed language ability without a standardized proficiency instrument. Do not extrapolate this convenience sample to all citizens or treat an academic category as a citizenship determination. The study’s archive account partly rests on an interview with a project consultant; the underlying interview was not inspected. The 2018 dates and tentative recommendations must remain visible. No present fluent-speaker count, guaranteed revitalization outcome or community endorsement is claimed.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "url": "https://shareok.org/bitstreams/a7c06075-d8d7-4263-b37d-bbd37fdda67b/download", "title": "Full thesis PDF — selected sections inspected", "scope": "Selected printed pages 1–3, 84–90, 130–134 and 180–186; remaining chapters/appendices unread except table of contents and incidental returned excerpts." }, { "url": "https://hdl.handle.net/11244/299837", "title": "Persistent institutional-repository handle", "scope": "Verified in actual repository metadata; alternate route to this same work." } ], "perspective": "University thesis by a participating researcher/archival volunteer, drawing on a community-event survey and a consultant interview. Neither the author’s identity nor the Tribe’s endorsement is inferred.", "rightsNotes": "The thesis explicitly states Copyright Sapphire Hodges 2018, All Rights Reserved. Link-only; no PDF redistribution, scans, recordings, interview quotations or appendix reproduction proposed.", "language": "en" }, { "id": "p431-support-preservation-2026", "title": "Department of Preservation — official institutional and program context", "author": "Wichita and Affiliated Tribes, Department of Preservation", "publisher": "Wichita and Affiliated Tribes", "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/department-of-preservation/", "type": "Indigenous-led / supporting institutional description", "topics": [ "Wichita Tribal History Center", "Language programs", "Historic preservation", "Contemporary institutions" ], "annotation": "The Tribe describes its History Center, language and photographic archives, library, cultural/language projects and Historic Preservation Office. This first-party page provides current published institutional context; its short descriptions and linked resources do not verify outcomes or open access to every archival item.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Complete substantive department body, lines 27–139: component programs; History Center description; language-project list; public resource links; THPO functions. Links to elder interviews, children’s videos/apps, cultural organizations, restricted records and surveys were not opened.", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Supporting institutional/program overview. Embedded routes overlap already reviewed history/dictionary sources; neither navigation nor each listed project becomes another substantive work.", "accessStatus": "Public readable English HTML", "accessNotes": "Publication date is unstated; the page was observed October 26, 2026. Program listings are attributed to the publisher; no benefit, event, performance, legal jurisdiction or underlying resource-access guarantee is inferred. No contact form was used.", "perspective": "First-party public department description, used narrowly for what the institution says it maintains or supports.", "rightsNotes": "No page images, logo, interviews or linked audiovisual works are cleared or reproduced.", "language": "en" }, { "id": "p431-gpo-removal-petition-1883", "title": "Land in the Indian Territory — selected 1859 removal report and 1882 delegates’ petition", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/SERIALSET-02162_00_00-013-0013-0000/pdf/SERIALSET-02162_00_00-013-0013-0000.pdf", "publisher": "United States Senate / Government Printing Office; GovInfo digital copy", "type": "Primary historical collection / reprinted administrative report and delegates’ petition", "topics": [ "Texas", "Removal", "Community petition", "Historical source comparison" ], "annotation": "This federal collection preserves an official removal account beside an Indigenous delegates’ petition. Their different dates, authors and purposes matter: arrival and administrative handover are not proof of consent, and a petition records a stated claim rather than a legal determination.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One selected primary collection counted conservatively once. Two dated records and their reprinting are not inflated into separate source counts.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual 84-page public PDF: cover/front matter p. 1; complete Robert S. Neighbors report dated September 3, 1859, printed/PDF p. 26; complete delegates’ petition dated April 1, 1882, p. 28, ending at its date/attestation before a separate Cheyenne–Arapaho text. Nearby estimates and later official arguments were encountered for context, not adopted as findings.", "publicationDate": "1883", "documentDates": [ "1859-09-03", "1882-04-01" ], "citation": "United States Senate. Land in the Indian Territory. Senate Executive Document 13, 48th Congress, 1st session, ordered printed December 19, 1883. Selected report of Robert S. Neighbors, September 3, 1859, p. 26; petition of delegates, April 1, 1882, p. 28.", "dateBasis": "Printed cover identifies Congress/session and December 1883 transmission/printing. Reproduced records retain their own 1859 and 1882 dates.", "perspective": "A federal compilation containing distinct voices: an agent’s account of his work and a petition signed/attested on behalf of named affiliated peoples. The surrounding collection includes officials contesting claims; its publication is not an endorsement of every assertion.", "accessStatus": "Public English scanned PDF with extractable OCR; normal direct download succeeded", "accessNotes": "Web tool rejected the 57,166,188-byte file as too large; normal HTTP 200 retrieval succeeded. No manuscript comparison or independent verification of the agent’s satisfaction/property claims. The letter does not independently identify every people in the Tribe’s later removal narrative. Petition boundaries, historic labels and claims are not converted into present territories, identities or legal rights.", "rightsNotes": "Link and brief paraphrase only; no map, manuscript image, detailed property schedule or sensitive-place information reproduced.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Neighbors’s 1859 report, printed/PDF p. 26", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/SERIALSET-02162_00_00-013-0013-0000/pdf/SERIALSET-02162_00_00-013-0013-0000.pdf#page=26", "scope": "Complete dated report; arrival, handover, housing/cultivation needs and protection concerns." }, { "title": "Delegates’ 1882 petition, printed/PDF p. 28", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/SERIALSET-02162_00_00-013-0013-0000/pdf/SERIALSET-02162_00_00-013-0013-0000.pdf#page=28", "scope": "Petition only, through its April 1 date and attestation; following separate text excluded." } ], "language": "en" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 171 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "overviewSourceIds": [ "p431-s1", "p431-s2", "p431-s6", "p431-historical-bethke-2024" ], "relationshipNote": "Distinguish the broader Wichita historical/people-level route from the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes government and from the individually named Waco, Tawakoni, Taovaya and Kichai histories. The Tribe’s included-peoples account does not collapse those labels into synonyms or establish a separate present government for each. Related directory routes require their own identity checks; no ancestry or membership inference follows from a name alone.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "reviewed-source-guide", "researchGaps": [ "The actual 1846 treaty transcription is now read; other treaty manuscripts, negotiations, implementation records, French/Spanish originals and reliable critical editions still need inspection.", "A reprinted September 3, 1859 removal report is now inspected, while original manuscripts, fuller route/military records, individual registers and Elam’s cited 2008 book remain unread. The agent’s satisfaction and complete-property statements are not independently verified.", "Waco, Tawakoni, Taovaya, Kichai, Wichita Proper and other historically related labels require separate sources and changing dates/scopes. Neither the treaty nor a government’s included-peoples list establishes all descendants or present governments.", "The governing resolution remains unreadable in prior retrievals; no current consolidated law, jurisdiction, citizenship or membership conclusion is made.", "The dictionary listing is inspected but audio, apps and linked children’s videos were not tested. The 2018 thesis does not establish current speaker numbers, proficiency or learning outcomes.", "Hodges’s study uses a largely community-event convenience sample and includes different participant relationships; it is not representative of every citizen or a basis for present legal identity.", "Education pages carry dated and varying financial details; no current amount, deadline, eligibility guarantee or measured outcome is asserted.", "Municipal reference p431-s3 remains an unread original lead. Underlying archaeological datasets, interviews and archive recordings were not accessed; no community review, endorsement or research completion is claimed.", "The 1882 petition is read as an attributed statement by its signatories, not an adjudication. Historic labels and described claims do not establish present identity, title or territorial boundaries; surrounding official arguments remain perspectives rather than settled findings." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "One selected primary collection strengthens comparison of removal chronology, administrative language and a later delegates’ petition. Nine substantive works remain uneven; original manuscripts, route/register evidence, community-specific histories and wider coverage are unfinished. No source quantity establishes completion or community review.", "remainingLimits": [ "The actual 1846 treaty transcription is now read; other treaty manuscripts, negotiations, implementation records, French/Spanish originals and reliable critical editions still need inspection.", "A reprinted September 3, 1859 removal report is now inspected, while original manuscripts, fuller route/military records, individual registers and Elam’s cited 2008 book remain unread. The agent’s satisfaction and complete-property statements are not independently verified.", "Waco, Tawakoni, Taovaya, Kichai, Wichita Proper and other historically related labels require separate sources and changing dates/scopes. Neither the treaty nor a government’s included-peoples list establishes all descendants or present governments.", "The governing resolution remains unreadable in prior retrievals; no current consolidated law, jurisdiction, citizenship or membership conclusion is made.", "The dictionary listing is inspected but audio, apps and linked children’s videos were not tested. The 2018 thesis does not establish current speaker numbers, proficiency or learning outcomes.", "Hodges’s study uses a largely community-event convenience sample and includes different participant relationships; it is not representative of every citizen or a basis for present legal identity.", "Education pages carry dated and varying financial details; no current amount, deadline, eligibility guarantee or measured outcome is asserted.", "Municipal reference p431-s3 remains an unread original lead. Underlying archaeological datasets, interviews and archive recordings were not accessed; no community review, endorsement or research completion is claimed.", "The 1882 petition is read as an attributed statement by its signatories, not an adjudication. Historic labels and described claims do not establish present identity, title or territorial boundaries; surrounding official arguments remain perspectives rather than settled findings." ] }, "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "wichita-and-affiliated-tribes", "waco", "tawakoni", "taovaya" ], "compiledAt": "2026-10-27", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-01", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p431-s1", "reason": "The Tribe's connected Wichita Memories chapters provide an introductory historical narrative with the cooperative exhibit's authorship and scope visible." }, { "sourceId": "p431-community-removal-2012", "reason": "This Tribal newsletter article distinguishes Waco and Tawakoni removal from the Wichita and Keechi journey instead of flattening them into one route." }, { "sourceId": "p431-s4", "reason": "The official dictionary offers a concrete route into Wichita vocabulary and short phrases; its audio and apps were not tested." }, { "sourceId": "p431-historical-bethke-2024", "reason": "Selected collaborative-research sections connect twentieth-century community gathering places with archaeological methods and attributed memories." } ], "scopeNote": "Wichita is a broader historical and people-level route linked to Wichita and Affiliated Tribes; Waco, Tawakoni, Taovaya and Kichai labels are not interchangeable. The four exhibit chapters count as one work. Newsletter history is retrospective, while the 2024 paper's selected methods and discussion do not include its detailed results, maps or underlying interviews.", "reviewRationale": "A community history, Texas-focused removal account, usable language listing and collaborative twentieth-century study give complementary starting points without unread municipal or governance leads.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Separate group histories, original colonial/removal records and the governing resolution remain incomplete.", "The dictionary listing's inspection does not establish working audio, app availability or speaker/learning outcomes.", "Catlin's lodge scene is museum-identified historical outside art associated with present-day Oklahoma, not a present government or every affiliated people's home." ], "imageRecordId": "wichita-lodge-catlin-saam", "reviewBasis": "Review of existing actual-content source records, retained evidence ledgers and image identification/rights records. No new original-source inspection count, fresh image inspection or comprehensive completion is implied.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false }, "added": false, "slug": "wichita", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-KS", "name": "Kansas", "key": "us-ks" }, { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" }, { "id": "US-TX", "name": "Texas", "key": "us-tx" } ] }, { "name": "Wichita and Affiliated Tribes", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Oklahoma", "overview": "Wichita and Affiliated Tribes is a named government and community centered at Anadarko, Oklahoma. Its own history, preservation work and education publications offer a compact introduction. Historical Texas connections remain part of that longer account; they do not make the present Oklahoma government a Texas-located government or erase the identities of its affiliated peoples.", "overviewSourceIds": [ "p431-s1", "p431-support-preservation-2026", "p431-s5" ], "relationshipNote": "This government route is linked to the broader Wichita reading collection. Individually named historical peoples and government membership are not interchangeable categories; this name check does not determine descent, citizenship, jurisdiction or historical boundaries.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Named peoples and an organized community", "text": "The Tribe’s connected history names Wichita, Waco, Tawakoni, Taovaya and Kichai within its account of continuity and organized government at Anadarko. It emphasizes family memories and relationships across generations. Read the institutional narrative with its historical scope: individually named peoples, government organization and a person’s citizenship are different questions, rather than interchangeable labels.", "sourceIds": [ "p431-s1" ] }, { "title": "A history center and community-held records", "text": "The Department of Preservation describes a History Center opened in 2018, graphic panels, exhibits and an outdoor grass-house display. It also identifies a language archive, photograph archive and research library. These are published institutional descriptions. They do not mean every holding is available online or that the Atlas has reviewed the collections, elder interviews, recordings or restricted records.", "sourceIds": [ "p431-support-preservation-2026" ] }, { "title": "Education and purposeful next steps", "text": "Education Services describes adult learning, vocational and degree-related support and equipment borrowing. These first-party program descriptions show educational aims and structures; they do not guarantee awards, current eligibility or measured outcomes. The broader Wichita guide adds removal records and historical scholarship. The credited Catlin lodge painting provides outside historical illustration, not an image of the present government or its current buildings.", "sourceIds": [ "p431-s5", "p431-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wichita-affiliated-government-identity", "title": "Government — named government identification", "publisher": "Wichita and Affiliated Tribes", "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/government/", "type": "Indigenous-led / supporting government navigation", "topics": [ "Government", "Institutional reading routes" ], "annotation": "The named government’s own publication supplies this separate identity and shared-reading route. Only government/name navigation is established here; its governing instrument and standalone institutional history remain queued.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Previously read government roster/navigation at lines27–122, used here only for the government name and official publisher identity. No legal provisions, officeholder claims, membership rules or jurisdiction are inferred.", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Supporting identity check only; not an additional substantive history work.", "accessNotes": "Public HTML. The linked 2016-named Governing Resolution appeared as a seven-page PDF to the web tool, but text/screenshot output was unreadable and normal direct download returned403. No legal provisions inferred or counted; no paywall claim or bypass attempted.", "identificationOnly": true }, { "id": "p431-s1", "title": "Wichita Memories — four connected institutional history chapters", "publisher": "Wichita and Affiliated Tribes; exhibit collaboration credited to the Stovall Museum of Science and History and Oklahoma Archaeological Survey", "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/people-of-the-grass-house-1750-1820/", "type": "Indigenous-led / collaborative public history", "topics": [ "Names and affiliations", "Southern Plains", "Farming and hunting", "Texas", "Displacement", "Community continuity" ], "annotation": "Four linked chapters explain the Tribe’s historical account from early encounters through village life, displacement and continuing community. The credits identify a cooperative exhibit. Treat the chapters as one work, keep named historical groups distinct, and attribute archaeological, treaty and continuity interpretations rather than turning the narrative into independently checked archival evidence.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "author": "Institutionally published exhibit narrative; individual chapter byline not supplied", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Complete main narratives of In the Beginning:1540–1750 (lines27–38), People of the Grass House:1750–1820 (27–39), Days of Darkness:1820–1934 (27–37), and A New Beginning:1934–Present (27–38), plus References and Contributors (27–91). Public narrative passages read; no quoted origin stories, ceremonial details, images or underlying bibliography reproduced or separately researched.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One substantial connected historical exhibit, counted once rather than once per adjacent chapter or bibliography page.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/in-the-beginning-1540-1750/", "title": "In the Beginning:1540–1750", "scope": "Complete main narrative; original p431-s2 URL preserved separately as a duplicate reading route." }, { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/days-of-darkness-1820-1934/", "title": "Days of Darkness:1820–1934", "scope": "Complete main narrative; population estimates and legal interpretations not adopted as independent facts." }, { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/a-new-beginning-1934-present/", "title": "A New Beginning:1934–Present", "scope": "Complete main narrative; ongoing cultural/community account attributed to this publisher, not a current statistical survey." }, { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/culture/history/references-and-contributors/", "title": "References and Contributors", "scope": "Collaboration, credits and reference list inspected; cited works remain unread unless checked separately by the other research agent." } ], "accessNotes": "Public readable English HTML, no account/paywall encountered. Individual publication/revision dates are unstated; date ranges in titles are historical coverage, not publication dates. Do not repeat historical population estimates as current figures, infer present identities from archaeological phases, or treat institutional treaty summaries as direct readings of the instruments." }, { "id": "p431-support-preservation-2026", "title": "Department of Preservation — official institutional and program context", "author": "Wichita and Affiliated Tribes, Department of Preservation", "publisher": "Wichita and Affiliated Tribes", "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/department-of-preservation/", "type": "Indigenous-led / supporting institutional description", "topics": [ "Wichita Tribal History Center", "Language programs", "Historic preservation", "Contemporary institutions" ], "annotation": "The Tribe describes its History Center, language and photographic archives, library, cultural/language projects and Historic Preservation Office. This first-party page provides current published institutional context; its short descriptions and linked resources do not verify outcomes or open access to every archival item.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Complete substantive department body, lines 27–139: component programs; History Center description; language-project list; public resource links; THPO functions. Links to elder interviews, children’s videos/apps, cultural organizations, restricted records and surveys were not opened.", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Supporting institutional/program overview. Embedded routes overlap already reviewed history/dictionary sources; neither navigation nor each listed project becomes another substantive work.", "accessStatus": "Public readable English HTML", "accessNotes": "Publication date is unstated; the page was observed October 26, 2026. Program listings are attributed to the publisher; no benefit, event, performance, legal jurisdiction or underlying resource-access guarantee is inferred. No contact form was used.", "perspective": "First-party public department description, used narrowly for what the institution says it maintains or supports.", "rightsNotes": "No page images, logo, interviews or linked audiovisual works are cleared or reproduced.", "language": "en" }, { "id": "p431-s5", "title": "Education Services — higher-education and career program account", "publisher": "Wichita and Affiliated Tribes, Education Services Department", "author": "Institutional educational-program publication; individual byline not supplied", "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/education/higher-education-programs/", "type": "Indigenous-led / educational institutions and services", "topics": [ "Education", "Adult learning", "Student support", "Contemporary institutions" ], "annotation": "A detailed first-party description of adult education, vocational training, degree support and equipment borrowing, read with the Department’s stated mission. It shows the institution’s published educational aims and program structure. It does not establish participation outcomes, guaranteed awards or eligibility for every reader.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Higher Education Programs main program descriptions through deadlines, lines27–123; Department of Education vision/mission and program categories, lines42–74. Long external-resource directories, applications, financial records, service-area image and program outcomes were not inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One substantive official education-program account with its departmental context; not separate counts for every benefit or application link.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "url": "https://wichitatribe.com/education/", "title": "Department of Education — mission and program categories", "scope": "Vision/mission and program categories, lines42–74; external listings not verified or counted." } ], "accessNotes": "Public English HTML; no login/paywall encountered for descriptions. Actual applications were not submitted/opened and reader eligibility was not tested. Different pages display different funding figures and dated academic-year information; amounts, deadlines and benefit guarantees are deliberately omitted. Consult the publisher for current program details." } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 431 ], "sharedReadingProfileSlug": "wichita", "researchGaps": [ "Read the governing instrument and newer institutional records before describing current rules.", "Add more community-authored family and place histories with appropriate access limits.", "Underlying archives, recordings, program outcomes and individual citizenship questions are not reviewed." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded community-specific starting guide with selected source perspectives, an annotated reading path and scoped imagery. Wider history, current implementation and community review remain open.", "remainingLimits": [ "Read the governing instrument and newer institutional records before describing current rules.", "Add more community-authored family and place histories with appropriate access limits.", "Underlying archives, recordings, program outcomes and individual citizenship questions are not reviewed." ] }, "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "directoryQueueStatus": "Community-specific starting guide; further research remains open", "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "sourceReuseProvenance": [ { "sourceId": "p431-s1", "origin": { "name": "Wichita", "originalId": 431 }, "inspectionBasis": "Exact prior source object and actual review date/scope preserved. Reused relevant reading, not a new global work or fresh full-source inspection." }, { "sourceId": "p431-support-preservation-2026", "origin": { "name": "Wichita", "originalId": 431 }, "inspectionBasis": "Exact prior source object and actual review date/scope preserved. Reused relevant reading, not a new global work or fresh full-source inspection." }, { "sourceId": "p431-s5", "origin": { "name": "Wichita", "originalId": 431 }, "inspectionBasis": "Exact prior source object and actual review date/scope preserved. Reused relevant reading, not a new global work or fresh full-source inspection." } ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-02", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p431-s1", "reason": "Begin with the Tribe-published connected historical narrative, especially its later government/community chapter." }, { "sourceId": "p431-s5", "reason": "Explore the government’s own education-program account without inferring outcomes or eligibility." } ], "scopeNote": "Present Oklahoma government with a wider historical Texas reading connection. Affiliated historical peoples are not reduced to aliases; the photograph requirement is met through explicitly identified historical artistic context, not a current-government portrait.", "reviewBasis": "Selected actual-content source records and retained original inspection dates/scopes, with new inspections separately identified. This is not comprehensive completion or community endorsement.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "remainingQuestions": [ "Read the governing instrument and newer institutional records before describing current rules.", "Add more community-authored family and place histories with appropriate access limits.", "Underlying archives, recordings, program outcomes and individual citizenship questions are not reviewed." ], "additionalSupportingContext": [ { "sourceId": "p431-support-preservation-2026", "reason": "Locate the community’s preservation institutions and the limits of the linked public material." } ], "imageRecordId": "wichita-government-historical-lodge-context" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "A community-specific starting guide reuses selected earlier actual-content reviews with their original dates/scopes. It does not add new global works merely because a URL appears on this route. Picture identification/rights are separate from historical adequacy or community endorsement." ], "slug": "wichita-and-affiliated-tribes", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "name": "Wiikwemkoong Unceded Territory", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — listing address only", "overview": "Wiikwemkoong’s public history places its community on Odawa Mnis, or Manitoulin Island, within Three Fires relationships. A speaker’s dictionary account offers a second, locally situated route into language work.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. This is an organizational relationship; membership alone does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, citizenship, jurisdiction or representation of another named community.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Diplomacy, migration and community history", "text": "Wiikwemkoong’s historical account describes Odawa life on Manitoulin Island, relations among the Odawa, Ojibway and Potawatomi, and diplomacy with French and British newcomers. It records Wiikwemkoong’s refusal to sign the 1862 Manitoulin treaty and the 1968 amalgamation of the Manitoulin Island Unceded, Point Grondine and South Bay bands. These events are presented through the Nation’s account of its political history.", "sourceIds": [ "c05-on-wiik-history-20261027" ] }, { "title": "A Wiikwemkoong speaker’s dictionary work", "text": "Mary Ann Corbiere explains that her way of speaking reflects Wiikwemkoong. Teaching prompted her to gather words absent from available dictionaries for an Odawa and Eastern Ojibwe project. Repeated workshops checked usage and generated further vocabulary; she also identifies limits where new entries could not be checked with every group. Her account treats documentation as continuing collaboration and judgment.", "sourceIds": [ "c05-on-wiik-corbiere-20261027" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c05-on-wiik-history-20261027", "title": "Gaa-Bizhiwebak — Our History", "publisher": "Wiikwemkoong Unceded Territory", "url": "https://www.wiikwemkoong.ca/history/", "type": "Community history", "topics": [ "Community history", "Diplomacy", "Language" ], "annotation": "The Nation’s public historical narrative connects Great Lakes diplomacy, nineteenth-century treaty pressures, amalgamation and language work. Treaty interpretations remain attributed to this account.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual history body, paragraphs from Odawa Mnis and early contact through the 1968 amalgamation, 2014 constitution and 2006 language strategy (web lines 146–169).", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "dateBasis": "No publication date stated. The page exposes a 2020-01-07 modification timestamp; its present availability does not redetermine the dates of historical events.", "perspective": "First Nation public institutional account.", "accessLimits": "Public text; linked images, claims documents and videos not inspected as substantive works.", "sourceUnitKey": "wiikwemkoong-public-history" }, { "id": "c05-on-wiik-corbiere-20261027", "title": "Ngii-mchwe-mkoshin: One Speaker’s Experiences in Compiling a Dictionary by Trial and Error", "publisher": "Proceedings of the 27th Stabilizing Indigenous Languages Symposium; Queen’s University journal platform", "url": "https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/SILS27/article/download/15222/12862/59050", "type": "Indigenous-authored language education scholarship", "topics": [ "Language documentation", "Wiikwemkoong", "Odawa and Eastern Ojibwe", "Learning" ], "annotation": "Mary Ann Corbiere situates dictionary work in her Wiikwemkoong speech and teaching experience. Repeated speaker checking expands the material while exposing limits in community attribution.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Fresh actual PDF reading of printed 105–109 (PDF pages 2–6): introduction, Wiikwemkoong speech context, teaching motivation and repeated checking workshops. Official landing page inspected for release date.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "author": "Mary Ann Corbiere (Mary Ann Naokwegijig-Corbiere)", "publicationDate": "2026-05-13", "landingUrl": "https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/SILS27/article/view/15222", "dateBasis": "Official online release 2026-05-13; volume 27 is dated 2025; adapted from the 2021 workshop. Project-status details are historical to the account.", "perspective": "A speaker and educator’s situated methods account; not a representative survey.", "accessLimits": "Selected text only, not the whole dictionary or a listening review. No language examples or family detail reproduced.", "paginationNote": "Publisher citation gives 104–123; actual 19-page PDF ends at printed 122. No absent page 123 claimed.", "priorSourceId": "an14-l2", "sourceUnitKey": "corbiere-dictionary-trial-and-error-sils27" } ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page 18 (zero-based 17), Lake Huron member-listing block: exact name and explicit ON address locality only. Parenthetical alternate name retained only where printed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "access": "Public PDF selectable text actually inspected; no account or subscription needed for this inspection", "selectedPages": [ 18 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 17 ], "selectedLines": "1795-1798", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Extend community-directed history beyond the selected public narrative, including independently contextualized treaty-era documents.", "Read more Wiikwemkoong-authored language and education works; the selected dictionary paper is one speaker’s account.", "Verify later dictionary developments separately; no present speaker totals or complete dictionary review is supplied." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "Two directly relevant works have been read for a bounded starting guide. The selected perspectives and periods leave substantial community history and later developments unreviewed.", "remainingLimits": [ "Extend community-directed history beyond the selected public narrative, including independently contextualized treaty-era documents.", "Read more Wiikwemkoong-authored language and education works; the selected dictionary paper is one speaker’s account.", "Verify later dictionary developments separately; no present speaker totals or complete dictionary review is supplied." ] }, "overviewSourceIds": [ "c05-on-wiik-history-20261027", "c05-on-wiik-corbiere-20261027" ], "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "startingGuide": { "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c05-on-wiik-history-20261027", "reason": "Start with the Nation’s own chronology and framing of historical relationships." }, { "sourceId": "c05-on-wiik-corbiere-20261027", "reason": "Read an explicitly Wiikwemkoong speaker’s account of how documentation decisions were made." } ], "remainingQuestions": [ "Extend community-directed history beyond the selected public narrative, including independently contextualized treaty-era documents.", "Read more Wiikwemkoong-authored language and education works; the selected dictionary paper is one speaker’s account.", "Verify later dictionary developments separately; no present speaker totals or complete dictionary review is supplied." ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "batchId": "starter-guides-05", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "researchComplete": false, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "imageRecordId": "c05-on-wiikwemkoong-bay-2010" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "wiikwemkoong-unceded-territory", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "originalId": null, "name": "Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska", "preferredName": "Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska · Ho-Chunk government", "searchTerms": [ "Winnebago government Nebraska" ], "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-27", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sources": [], "sections": [], "kind": "Tribal government / contemporary community", "region": "Nebraska — present administrative location only", "overview": "A separately findable route to the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska, identified by its own public government website. Detailed history, annotated reading sources and individually cleared imagery remain queued.", "relationshipNote": "The government’s public site names the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska and uses Ho-chunks (Winnebago) in its own description. Keep this named government distinct from the Ho-Chunk Nation in Wisconsin and the broader Ho-Chunk people-name route. This outline does not adjudicate every historical use of Winnebago, current legal powers, citizenship or territory.", "relatedOriginalIds": [ 130 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "hochunk", "hochunk-nation" ], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-27", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://winnebagotribe.com/", "publisher": "Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska", "title": "Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska — public government name and mission", "scope": "Actual public body164–180 names the government, uses Ho-chunks (Winnebago) and describes a tribal-government mission. Footer262–263 gives Winnebago, Nebraska as administrative location. This is an identity/name/location check only; historical body, constitution, membership services and present legal instruments were not reviewed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed historical reading path and inspect original publications.", "Review individually relevant image identification and media rights before substantive profile publication.", "Keep current legal, citizenship, land and intergovernmental questions separate from this name-only outline." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Identity-only outline with no substantive reading-source cards or completed history.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, sources, community review and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "winnebago-tribe-of-nebraska", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NE", "name": "Nebraska", "key": "us-ne" } ] }, { "originalId": 432, "name": "Wintu", "region": "California", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Wintu people have homelands in northern California. Wintu and wider Wintun labels need careful distinction.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Wintu people have homelands in northern California. Wintu and wider Wintun labels need careful distinction.", "sourceIds": [ "p432-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community-specific histories, language and territorial relationships. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p432-s1", "p432-s2", "p432-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p432-s1", "title": "The Wintu - Whiskeytown National Recreation Area (U.S. National Park Service)", "publisher": "nps.gov", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/whis/learn/historyculture/the-wintu.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “The Wintu - Whiskeytown National Recreation Area (U.S. National Park Service)” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p432-s2", "title": "The Wintu - Whiskeytown National Recreation Area (U.S. National Park Service)", "publisher": "home.nps.gov", "url": "https://home.nps.gov/whis/learn/historyculture/the-wintu.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “The Wintu - Whiskeytown National Recreation Area (U.S. National Park Service)” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p432-s3", "title": "Wintu Tribe Of Northern California – Indigenous Historic Tribe", "publisher": "wintutribe.com", "url": "https://wintutribe.com/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Wintu Tribe Of Northern California – Indigenous Historic Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 283 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "wintu", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 433, "name": "Wiyot", "region": "California / Humboldt Bay", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Wiyot people have enduring relationships with Humboldt Bay and neighboring areas.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Wiyot people have enduring relationships with Humboldt Bay and neighboring areas.", "sourceIds": [ "p433-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Wiyot-authored history, language reclamation, land and contemporary institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p433-s1", "p433-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p433-s1", "title": "Wiyot Tribe, CA | Official Website", "publisher": "wiyot.us", "url": "https://www.wiyot.us/?nid=1", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Wiyot Tribe, CA | Official Website” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p433-s2", "title": "MN-00-19-0028-19 Wiyot Tribe", "publisher": "imls.gov", "url": "https://www.imls.gov/sites/default/files/project-proposals/mn-00-19-0028-19_nanh_sample_application_wiyot_tribe.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “MN-00-19-0028-19 Wiyot Tribe” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "wiyot", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 434, "name": "Wolastoqiyik", "region": "Northeast / New Brunswick / Maine / Québec", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Wolastoqiyik is a people’s name used alongside Maliseet, with homelands across the modern Canada–U.S. border.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Wolastoqiyik is a people’s name used alongside Maliseet, with homelands across the modern Canada–U.S. border.", "sourceIds": [ "p434-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Wolastoqey language, river relationships and distinct communities. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p434-s1", "p434-s2", "p434-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p434-s1", "title": "Our History - Wolastoqey", "url": "https://wnnb.wolastoqey.ca/about-us/our-history/", "publisher": "wnnb.wolastoqey.ca", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p434-s2", "title": "Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians - Littleton, ME | Tribe Story - Tribe Act", "publisher": "tribeact.com", "url": "https://tribeact.com/Tribe/Profile/186/HoultonBandofMaliseetIndians", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians - Littleton, ME | Tribe Story - Tribe Act” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p434-s3", "title": "Wolastoqiyik (Malécites) | Gouvernement du Québec", "publisher": "quebec.ca", "url": "https://www.quebec.ca/gouvernement/portrait-quebec/premieres-nations-inuits/profil-des-nations/malecites", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Wolastoqiyik (Malécites) | Gouvernement du Québec” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 132 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "wolastoqiyik", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Northeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-ME", "name": "Maine", "key": "us-me" }, { "id": "CA-NB", "name": "New Brunswick", "key": "ca-nb" }, { "id": "CA-QC", "name": "Quebec", "key": "ca-qc" } ] }, { "originalId": 435, "name": "Wounaan", "region": "Central America / Panama / Colombia", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Wounaan people have communities in Panama and Colombia.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Wounaan people have communities in Panama and Colombia.", "sourceIds": [ "p435-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Woun Meu language, territory, local histories and community institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p435-s1", "p435-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p435-s1", "title": "Reportative Evidentials in Wounaan meu-Spanish Bilinguals", "publisher": "openscholar.uga.edu", "url": "https://openscholar.uga.edu/nanna/record/21333/files/bateman_bethany_d_201508_ma.pdf?registerDownload=1&version=1&withMetadata=0&withWatermark=0", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Reportative Evidentials in Wounaan meu-Spanish Bilinguals” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p435-s2", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Wounaan", "publisher": "govinfo.gov", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-D301-PURL-gpo129025/pdf/GOVPUB-D301-PURL-gpo129025.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Wounaan” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "wounaan", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "PA", "name": "Panama", "key": "pa" } ] }, { "originalId": 436, "name": "Wyandot", "region": "Great Lakes / Oklahoma / Kansas / Canada", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Wyandot histories connect the Great Lakes with distinct later communities. The Wyandotte Nation’s account links Detroit, Ohio, Kansas and Oklahoma while explaining important differences within related Wendat histories.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Wyandot histories connect the Great Lakes with later communities and distinct contemporary governments.", "sourceIds": [ "p436-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Wendat relationships, displacement, language and community-specific political histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p436-s1", "p436-s2", "p436-s3" ] }, { "title": "Related histories, distinct formations", "text": "The Wyandotte Nation explains its formation through survivors of Tionontati, Attignawantan and Wenro communities. Its account distinguishes this later formation from membership in the earlier Huron Confederacy. That distinction helps readers follow related Wendat and Wyandot histories without treating the names as universal synonyms.", "sourceIds": [ "c4-wyandot-history" ] }, { "title": "Following particular community journeys", "text": "Lloyd Divine’s account follows settlement near Detroit, later Ohio connections, removal to Kansas and movement to Oklahoma. The page separately names Anderdon in Michigan and the Wyandot Nation of Kansas. These routes invite community-specific reading; the account alone does not determine every group’s present governmental or legal status.", "sourceIds": [ "c4-wyandot-history" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p436-s1", "title": "History - Wyandotte Nation", "publisher": "wyandotte-nation.org", "url": "https://wyandotte-nation.org/culture/our-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “History - Wyandotte Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p436-s2", "title": "The Turtle Speaks", "publisher": "wyandotte-nation.org", "url": "https://wyandotte-nation.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/WyandotteNationMay2019-web.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “The Turtle Speaks” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p436-s3", "title": "Wyandot Nation of Kansas", "publisher": "kslegislature.gov", "url": "https://www.kslegislature.gov/li_2024/b2023_24/committees/ctte_h_fed_st_1/documents/testimony/20240124_22.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Wyandot Nation of Kansas” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "c4-wyandot-history", "title": "Our History", "publisher": "Wyandotte Nation", "url": "https://wyandotte-nation.org/culture/our-history/", "type": "Indigenous-led / community-published", "topics": [ "Names", "Detroit", "Movement", "Distinct communities" ], "annotation": "A Nation-published account with a journey section credited to Lloyd Divine. Distinguishes the later Wyandotte formation from the earlier Huron Confederacy; treaty and termination summaries need originals.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Actual selected page body read: identification386–389; Detroit/Ohio and other-band statements404–410; Our Journey415–422, credited Lloyd Divine, Wyandotte Nation Cultural Committee; and Are the Wyandotte Huron?428–432. Colonial quotations, sacred symbol explanations, current enrollment counters, event calendar and linked Clarke transcription were excluded. Treaty texts and present recognition determinations for other communities not reviewed.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "sourceUnitKey": "wyandotte-nation-our-history", "publicationDate": "Undated; site footer and crawl dates are not publication dates", "accessNotes": "Public HTML actual selected body text read; linked documents and media are outside this inspection.", "author": "Wyandotte Nation; Our Journey credited to Lloyd Divine, Wyandotte Nation Cultural Committee" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 138 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "overviewSourceIds": [ "c4-wyandot-history" ], "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "researchGaps": [ "Read Anderdon and Kansas community-authored histories alongside the Oklahoma Nation’s account; no individual citizenship, descent or present legal status is determined here.", "Compare the movement and treaty summaries with original instruments and additional scholarship before giving exact legal consequences or a complete chronology.", "The 2019 Turtle Speaks issue, Kansas testimony and linked Peter Dooyentate Clarke transcription remain unread leads.", "The Ohio bowl image is precisely identified related Wendat/Huron material culture. Its maker and particular community are unrecorded; it does not depict a particular Wyandot government." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded starting path from selected public community accounts; chronology, wider voices and underlying records remain to be reviewed.", "remainingLimits": [ "Read Anderdon and Kansas community-authored histories alongside the Oklahoma Nation’s account; no individual citizenship, descent or present legal status is determined here.", "Compare the movement and treaty summaries with original instruments and additional scholarship before giving exact legal consequences or a complete chronology.", "The 2019 Turtle Speaks issue, Kansas testimony and linked Peter Dooyentate Clarke transcription remain unread leads.", "The Ohio bowl image is precisely identified related Wendat/Huron material culture. Its maker and particular community are unrecorded; it does not depict a particular Wyandot government." ] }, "startingGuide": { "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "batchId": "starter-guides-04", "purpose": "A short source-led starting path; detailed research remains unfinished.", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c4-wyandot-history", "reason": "Start with Our Journey and the confederacy distinction; keep each named community’s scope visible." } ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false, "imageRecordId": "wyandot-related-ohio-bowl-met-1700" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "added": false, "slug": "wyandot", "regionGroups": [ "Canada", "Great Plains", "Great Lakes" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-27", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "entryStage": "reviewed-starting-guide", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "cited-starting-guide", "sections": [ { "title": "Reading the community’s own history", "text": "Anderdon’s public history describes movement to Detroit in the early eighteenth century, settlement near Amherstburg and continuing family histories on both sides of the Detroit River. It also describes language and historical-archive work. The page’s account of a project ending in 2025 is retained as a dated report, with its later continuation still to investigate.", "sourceIds": [ "c5-anderdon-public-history" ] }, { "title": "Land stewardship at Six Points", "text": "The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s 2022 report describes cooperation with the Wyandot community, the International Wildlife Refuge Alliance and local volunteers at Six Points. It reports removing invasive plants to restore more than five acres of wetlands. This specific public conservation activity adds another way into the community’s relationship with place; the report is not a current visitor-access guide.", "sourceIds": [ "c5-anderdon-fws-restoration2022" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "c5-anderdon-public-history", "title": "History — A Short History of the Wyandot of Anderdon", "publisher": "Wyandot of Anderdon Nation", "url": "https://www.wyandotofanderdon.com/wp/history/", "type": "Community historical synthesis", "topics": [ "history", "Detroit River", "community continuity", "cultural renewal" ], "annotation": "The community’s public history follows movements around the Detroit River and describes later efforts in language, history and archives. Read as its situated synthesis rather than a universal Wyandot history.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Entire publicly exposed Short History body read, including expanded paragraphs about the Detroit River, Anderdon Reserve, southeast Michigan and cultural work. No login, citizen-only Facebook page or restricted material accessed; embedded Prezi timelines not inspected. The page anticipates a grant ending in 2025, so that project is not described as currently running. Underlying treaties, family archives and legal claims were not verified.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "access": "Public full text; no account or subscription used. Inspection is limited to the stated body/pages." }, { "id": "c5-anderdon-fws-restoration2022", "title": "Coastal Program 2022 Accomplishment Report — Supporting Tribal Communities: Michigan", "publisher": "U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service", "url": "https://www.fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2022_Annual_Accomplishment_Report_%28reduced%29-508-Compliant-2023-03-17_2.pdf", "type": "Federal conservation activity report", "topics": [ "land stewardship", "wetland restoration", "community partnership" ], "annotation": "A concrete account of wetland restoration at the Six Points Wyandot Tribal Heritage Site, identifying the Wyandot community and its collaborators. It complements the community history with a dated activity record.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewScope": "Physical PDF page 11, a spread printed 19-20, full Michigan/Six Points body and image caption read as extracted text and rendered pixels. Regional headline statistics were not attributed to this site. Other projects and later outcomes were not reviewed.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "access": "Public full text; no account or subscription used. Inspection is limited to the stated body/pages.", "author": "U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service", "publicationDate": "2022" } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-27", "researchGaps": [ "Compare the public synthesis with the underlying dated records and additional publicly shared Anderdon voices; the embedded historical timelines remain unreviewed.", "Check later cultural-project publications and documented restoration monitoring before describing present operation or outcomes. Respect restrictions on citizens’ and ceremonial material.", "The community’s nonprofit description, its elected council, federal acknowledgment and wider Wyandot peoplehood remain distinct matters. No status, individual descent, land-rights conclusion or community endorsement is supplied." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "A bounded starting path now uses inspected public content, with scope and access limits recorded. This is not comprehensive research or community review.", "remainingLimits": [ "Compare the public synthesis with the underlying dated records and additional publicly shared Anderdon voices; the embedded historical timelines remain unreviewed.", "Check later cultural-project publications and documented restoration monitoring before describing present operation or outcomes. Respect restrictions on citizens’ and ceremonial material.", "The community’s nonprofit description, its elected council, federal acknowledgment and wider Wyandot peoplehood remain distinct matters. No status, individual descent, land-rights conclusion or community endorsement is supplied." ] }, "name": "Wyandot of Anderdon Nation", "kind": "Contemporary community and self-governing organization", "region": "Trenton, Michigan — public mailing location", "relationshipNote": "The Nation’s public pages identify a Wyandot community with an elected council and describe its nonprofit corporate form. Wyandotte Nation’s history separately names the Anderdon community in Michigan. This outline keeps the community and organization context visible and does not equate corporate status, federal acknowledgment, shared peoplehood or individual citizenship.", "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "wyandot", "huronwendat" ], "overview": "The Wyandot of Anderdon’s public history follows families around the Detroit River region. A federal conservation report documents collaborative work at Six Points.", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.wyandotofanderdon.com/wp/", "publisher": "Wyandot of Anderdon Nation", "title": "Public home and mission", "scope": "Only publicly visible name, mission and Trenton, Michigan mailing location read. The site states that some areas are citizens-only; no login, registration or restricted content was accessed. A mailing location is a navigation connection, not territory.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://www.wyandotofanderdon.com/wp/gov/", "publisher": "Wyandot of Anderdon Nation", "title": "Public Government introduction", "scope": "Only public introductory elected-council paragraph and nonprofit-form paragraph inspected. Material below the restriction notice was not accessed; personal data and council portraits were not copied. No independent current legal-status determination made.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false }, { "url": "https://wyandotte-nation.org/culture/our-history/", "publisher": "Wyandotte Nation", "title": "Our History — A few interesting facts", "scope": "Selected paragraph naming Wyandot of Anderdon Nation in Michigan as another Wyandot band. Used only as a narrowly scoped name/relationship cross-check, not a review of every claim or complete history on the page.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "overviewSourceIds": [ "c5-anderdon-public-history", "c5-anderdon-fws-restoration2022" ], "communityReview": "Not recorded", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "directoryQueueStatus": "Individually scoped starting guide; further research remains open", "startingGuide": { "sources": [ { "sourceId": "c5-anderdon-public-history", "reason": "Begin with the community’s public historical narrative and its own emphasis on continuity." }, { "sourceId": "c5-anderdon-fws-restoration2022", "reason": "Add the specific dated report of ecological work with named partners at Six Points." } ], "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "remainingQuestions": [ "Compare the public synthesis with the underlying dated records and additional publicly shared Anderdon voices; the embedded historical timelines remain unreviewed.", "Check later cultural-project publications and documented restoration monitoring before describing present operation or outcomes. Respect restrictions on citizens’ and ceremonial material.", "The community’s nonprofit description, its elected council, federal acknowledgment and wider Wyandot peoplehood remain distinct matters. No status, individual descent, land-rights conclusion or community endorsement is supplied." ], "batchId": "starter-guides-05", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "researchComplete": false, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "imageRecordId": "c5-anderdon-six-points-restoration-usfws" }, "evidenceNotes": [ "Selected actual-content works support a bounded starting guide. Earlier source objects retain their original review dates and limits. Reused URLs, images and identity-only checks are not new global historical works. Full history and community review remain open." ], "slug": "wyandot-of-anderdon-nation", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-MI", "name": "Michigan", "key": "us-mi" } ] }, { "originalId": 437, "name": "Xinca", "region": "Central America / Guatemala", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Xinca or Xinka refers to Indigenous people and language histories in Guatemala.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Xinca or Xinka refers to Indigenous people and language histories in Guatemala.", "sourceIds": [ "p437-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Community organizations, language revitalization, territory and distinctions from Maya peoples. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p437-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p437-s1", "title": "CONGRESO ATIENDE LA DEMANDA DEL PUEBLO XINCA", "publisher": "congreso.gob.gt", "url": "https://www.congreso.gob.gt/noticias_congreso/12101/2024/4", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “CONGRESO ATIENDE LA DEMANDA DEL PUEBLO XINCA” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "xinca", "regionGroups": [ "Central America" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "GT", "name": "Guatemala", "key": "gt" } ] }, { "originalId": 438, "name": "Yakama", "region": "Pacific Northwest / Washington", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "The Yakama Nation is a contemporary confederated government with multiple constituent peoples.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Yakama Nation is a contemporary confederated government with multiple constituent peoples.", "sourceIds": [ "p438-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Nation-published history, treaty context, languages and distinct community histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p438-s1", "p438-s2", "p438-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p438-s1", "title": "Yakama Nation: Programs, Services & History | Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation", "url": "https://yakama.com/", "publisher": "yakama.com", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p438-s2", "title": "These resources are the foundation of the YN’s culture, heritage, and religion, and the Yakama people’s spiritual relationship to their land and ancestors.", "publisher": "yakamafish-nsn.gov", "url": "https://yakamafish-nsn.gov/sites/default/files/YNF_Strategic_Plan_Council_V10_110321.pdf", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “These resources are the foundation of the YN’s culture, heritage, and religion, and the Yakama people’s spiritual relationship to their land and ancestors.” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p438-s3", "title": "About the Yakama Nation | Yakama Nation Fisheries", "publisher": "yakamafish-nsn.gov", "url": "https://yakamafish-nsn.gov/about-us/about-yakama-nation", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “About the Yakama Nation | Yakama Nation Fisheries” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 277 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "researchLeads": [ { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/walla-walla-council-1855.htm", "title": "James Schroeder. Walla Walla Council 1855. National Park Service.", "documentKey": "Klickitat_War_1855_1856", "documentTitle": "Klickitat involvement in the wars of 1855 and 1856", "contextNote": "Queued with Yakama for the confederation and regional context. Klickitat, Cascade, Nisqually, and Yakama identities are not interchangeable; a distinct Klickitat access point remains a research task.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.historylink.org/file/8149", "title": "David Wilma. Nisquallys and Klickitats battle Territorial Volunteers in Pierce County beginning on October 27, 1855. HistoryLink, May 14, 2007.", "documentKey": "Klickitat_War_1855_1856", "documentTitle": "Klickitat involvement in the wars of 1855 and 1856", "contextNote": "Queued with Yakama for the confederation and regional context. Klickitat, Cascade, Nisqually, and Yakama identities are not interchangeable; a distinct Klickitat access point remains a research task.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.historylink.org/file/5190", "title": "David Wilma. Native Americans attack and kill 14 Americans at the Cascades of the Columbia on March 26, 1856. HistoryLink, February 7, 2003.", "documentKey": "Klickitat_War_1855_1856", "documentTitle": "Klickitat involvement in the wars of 1855 and 1856", "contextNote": "Queued with Yakama for the confederation and regional context. Klickitat, Cascade, Nisqually, and Yakama identities are not interchangeable; a distinct Klickitat access point remains a research task.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/western_oregon_klickitats/", "title": "Robert Boyd, R. Scott Byram and David Lewis. Western Oregon Klikatats (Klickitats). The Oregon Encyclopedia.", "documentKey": "Klickitat_War_1855_1856", "documentTitle": "Klickitat involvement in the wars of 1855 and 1856", "contextNote": "Queued with Yakama for the confederation and regional context. Klickitat, Cascade, Nisqually, and Yakama identities are not interchangeable; a distinct Klickitat access point remains a research task.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/native_american_treaties_eastern_oregon/", "title": "Cliff Trafzer. Native American Treaties, Northeastern Oregon. The Oregon Encyclopedia.", "documentKey": "Klickitat_War_1855_1856", "documentTitle": "Klickitat involvement in the wars of 1855 and 1856", "contextNote": "Queued with Yakama for the confederation and regional context. Klickitat, Cascade, Nisqually, and Yakama identities are not interchangeable; a distinct Klickitat access point remains a research task.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://goia.wa.gov/resources/treaties/treaty-yakama-1855", "title": "Treaty with the Yakama, June 9, 1855. Washington Governor's Office of Indian Affairs.", "documentKey": "Klickitat_War_1855_1856", "documentTitle": "Klickitat involvement in the wars of 1855 and 1856", "contextNote": "Queued with Yakama for the confederation and regional context. Klickitat, Cascade, Nisqually, and Yakama identities are not interchangeable; a distinct Klickitat access point remains a research task.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://historylink.org/File/5311", "title": "Paula Becker. Yakama War begins on October 5, 1855. HistoryLink, February 26, 2003.", "documentKey": "Klickitat_War_1855_1856", "documentTitle": "Klickitat involvement in the wars of 1855 and 1856", "contextNote": "Queued with Yakama for the confederation and regional context. Klickitat, Cascade, Nisqually, and Yakama identities are not interchangeable; a distinct Klickitat access point remains a research task.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.historylink.org/File/5208", "title": "Walt Crowley and David Wilma. Native Americans attack Seattle on January 26, 1856. HistoryLink, February 15, 2003.", "documentKey": "Klickitat_War_1855_1856", "documentTitle": "Klickitat involvement in the wars of 1855 and 1856", "contextNote": "Queued with Yakama for the confederation and regional context. Klickitat, Cascade, Nisqually, and Yakama identities are not interchangeable; a distinct Klickitat access point remains a research task.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/oreg/learn/historyculture/upload/HRA_Columbia_River_Narrative_History_Final_200917-reduced-size.pdf", "title": "Jackie Gonzales and Morgen Young. Overlanders in the Columbia River Gorge, 1840–1870: A Narrative History. Historical Research Associates, prepared for the National Park Service, September 24, 2020. Printed pages 132–133.", "documentKey": "Klickitat_War_1855_1856", "documentTitle": "Klickitat involvement in the wars of 1855 and 1856", "contextNote": "Queued with Yakama for the confederation and regional context. Klickitat, Cascade, Nisqually, and Yakama identities are not interchangeable; a distinct Klickitat access point remains a research task.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/philip_sheridan_1831_1888_/", "title": "David Lewis. Philip Henry Sheridan (1831–1888). The Oregon Encyclopedia.", "documentKey": "Klickitat_War_1855_1856", "documentTitle": "Klickitat involvement in the wars of 1855 and 1856", "contextNote": "Queued with Yakama for the confederation and regional context. Klickitat, Cascade, Nisqually, and Yakama identities are not interchangeable; a distinct Klickitat access point remains a research task.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/2651/pg2651.html", "title": "Philip Henry Sheridan. Personal Memoirs of P. H. Sheridan, General, United States Army, Volume I. 1888. Chapters V and VI. Project Gutenberg transcription.", "documentKey": "Klickitat_War_1855_1856", "documentTitle": "Klickitat involvement in the wars of 1855 and 1856", "contextNote": "Queued with Yakama for the confederation and regional context. Klickitat, Cascade, Nisqually, and Yakama identities are not interchangeable; a distinct Klickitat access point remains a research task.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": null, "linkNote": "TLS verification failed; availability undetermined; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://historylink.org/File/10096", "title": "Jim Kershner. Chief Kamiakin (ca. 1800–1877). HistoryLink, April 19, 2012.", "documentKey": "Klickitat_War_1855_1856", "documentTitle": "Klickitat involvement in the wars of 1855 and 1856", "contextNote": "Queued with Yakama for the confederation and regional context. Klickitat, Cascade, Nisqually, and Yakama identities are not interchangeable; a distinct Klickitat access point remains a research task.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://critfc.org/member-tribes-overview/the-confederated-tribes-and-bands-of-the-yakama-nation/", "title": "Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission. The Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation.", "documentKey": "Klickitat_War_1855_1856", "documentTitle": "Klickitat involvement in the wars of 1855 and 1856", "contextNote": "Queued with Yakama for the confederation and regional context. Klickitat, Cascade, Nisqually, and Yakama identities are not interchangeable; a distinct Klickitat access point remains a research task.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 } ], "studyKeys": [ "Klickitat_War_1855_1856" ], "added": false, "slug": "yakama", "regionGroups": [ "Pacific Northwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "key": "us-wa" } ] }, { "originalId": 439, "name": "Yamasee", "region": "Southeast / Carolinas / Florida", "kind": "Historical people / name", "overview": "Yamasee is a historical people and confederacy name in the southeastern region.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Yamasee is a historical people and confederacy name in the southeastern region.", "sourceIds": [ "p439-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Colonial conflict, migrations, distinct communities and later descendant histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p439-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p439-s1", "title": "The Yamasee Indians : from Florida to South Carolina / edited and with an introduction by Denise I. Bossy ; foreword by Alan Gallay | Smithsonian Institution", "publisher": "si.edu", "url": "https://www.si.edu/object/yamasee-indians-florida-south-carolina-edited-and-introduction-denise-i-bossy-foreword-alan-gallay%3Asiris_sil_1110731", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “The Yamasee Indians : from Florida to South Carolina / edited and with an introduction by Denise I. Bossy ; foreword by Alan Gallay | Smithsonian Institution” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "yamasee", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-FL", "name": "Florida", "key": "us-fl" }, { "id": "US-SC", "name": "South Carolina", "key": "us-sc" } ] }, { "name": "Yamparika", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Historical Comanche band / division name", "region": "Arkansas River reference in historical account; modern-state assignment withheld", "overview": "Yamparika is an individually findable historical Comanche band/division name. Detailed history, reading sources and specifically relevant imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "The December 2021 report identifies this name within historical Comanche band/division organization. This is a historical name-only access route linked to the broader Comanche collection, not a newly established separate people, present-day government, citizenship category or exclusive descendant group. The report describes band formation and political organization as fluid. Printed spellings in the inspected December 2021 synthesis, attributed there to CLCPC 2010. They are not independently verified community-preferred present orthography; no translations or pronunciation claims are adopted.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://ftp.txdot.gov/pub/txdot-info/env/toolkit/415-03-rpt.pdf", "title": "TxDOT Tribal Histories: Comanche Nation Research Report", "publisher": "Texas Department of Transportation", "sourceDate": "December 2021", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "scope": "Actual PDF printed and physical pages 9, 10: The report names Yamparika and four printed variants as a historical Comanche band. Its range sentence crosses the page break and names the Arkansas River; the passage does not resolve a particular modern state for this outline. Historical name/relationship check only; no present-government or present-membership claim.", "selectedPages": [ 9, 10 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 8, 9 ], "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [ "Yaparvka", "Yapai Nvv", "Yapainvv", "Yapurvhka" ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 83 ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "comanche" ], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "yamparika", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains" ], "mapRegions": [] }, { "originalId": 440, "name": "Yana", "region": "California", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Yana is a people and language name in northern California, with regional distinctions.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Yana is a people and language name in northern California, with regional distinctions.", "sourceIds": [ "p440-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Language documentation, colonial violence and contemporary descendant perspectives. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p440-s1", "p440-s2", "p440-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p440-s1", "title": "Yana | Language and Linguistics | Research Starters | EBSCOhost", "publisher": "ebsco.com", "url": "https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/language-and-linguistics/yana/", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Yana | Language and Linguistics | Research Starters | EBSCOhost” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p440-s2", "title": "Yana | Language and Linguistics | Research Starters | EBSCOhost", "publisher": "ebsco.com", "url": "https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/language-and-linguistics/yana", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Yana | Language and Linguistics | Research Starters | EBSCOhost” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p440-s3", "title": "Yana", "publisher": "cla.berkeley.edu", "url": "https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/yana.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Yana” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "yana", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 441, "name": "Yaqui", "region": "Mexico / Sonora / Arizona / Texas", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Yaqui or Yoeme people have homelands in Sonora’s Yaqui River valley and continuing communities across the modern U.S.–Mexico border. This guide begins with the Texas Band’s own account and keeps it distinct from Pascua Yaqui institutions in Arizona and the Sonora-focused works.", "sections": [ { "title": "A Texas community account", "text": "The Texas Band of Yaqui Indians describes its community through Yoeme family histories of displacement from Sonora and continuing relationships with Yaqui pueblos there. Its longer institutional account places a Presidio/Fort Davis connection in the 1870s. These details are attributed to this publisher; the underlying family and archival records were not inspected. The two pages form one institutional account, not two independent historical confirmations.", "sourceIds": [ "p441-s4", "p441-s5" ] }, { "title": "An El Paso crossing remembered in an Arizona study", "text": "In his 1940 study of Pascua, Arizona, Spicer reports a recollection that Francisco Valencia crossed at El Paso with a circus troupe. He places it among residents’ memories of travel and escape from Sonora. This is a mediated local recollection, without a crossing date in the selected passage. It does not establish permanent El Paso settlement, present-day descent or the Texas Band’s specific Presidio/Fort Davis migration account.", "sourceIds": [ "p441-spicer-pascua-1940" ] }, { "title": "Read the 2015 Texas resolution directly", "text": "Texas Senate Resolution 989 was adopted on May 27, 2015. Its operative clauses honor the Band’s members and request a commemorative copy. The historical recitals should be read alongside the community account rather than treated as an independent archival investigation. This review does not determine broader legal effects or equate the resolution with federal acknowledgment.", "sourceIds": [ "p441-s6", "p441-s4" ] }, { "title": "Keep the Arizona statute in its own scope", "text": "Public Law 95-375, enacted September 18, 1978, addresses the named Pascua Yaqui association and Tribe in Arizona. It provides for federal-service eligibility and includes trust-land, governing-document and membership provisions. This is an historical enactment, not a statement of every Yaqui community’s status or of current membership rules. Later amendments were not reviewed.", "sourceIds": [ "p441-s9" ] }, { "title": "Language teaching and individual experience", "text": "The Pascua Yaqui Teacher Language Institute describes goals for preparing language instructors, curriculum and family language use. These are stated educational aims, not measured outcomes. On the same page, instructor Graciela Garcia describes growing up with Yaqui as a first language and facing difficulties learning English at school. Her account is an individual experience, not a generalization about all Yaqui speakers or Texas education.", "sourceIds": [ "p441-s10" ] }, { "title": "A dictionary shaped with Yaqui educators", "text": "The 2016 Diccionario yaqui de bolsillo presents Yaqui–Spanish and Spanish–Yaqui material. Its acknowledgments credit Yaqui-speaking teachers, and its teacher-written foreword explains educational and intergenerational purposes. The inspected front matter supports that collaborative context; it does not establish present fluency, universal dialect coverage or a full review of the entries.", "sourceIds": [ "p441-s12" ] }, { "title": "A community reading route", "text": "The Pascua Yaqui Tribal Library describes Hiaki special collections, literacy support and family programming. Its page links readers to books, catalogues and digital services. The library account is useful educational context; each linked book still needs its own review. Availability and account requirements of the individual services were not checked.", "sourceIds": [ "p441-s11" ] }, { "title": "Reading a 1930s research encounter", "text": "In the selected introduction to the 1936 Texas Technological College study, Holden describes how intermediaries and translation shaped the expedition’s access to Sonora communities in 1934. This helps readers examine who recorded an account and how. The excerpt is not direct evidence of Texas settlement. The later chapters and illustrations were not reviewed, and hosting by a present-day Tribal library is not blanket endorsement.", "sourceIds": [ "p441-s8" ] }, { "title": "Scope and the next reading steps", "text": "This remains a foundational source guide. The Sonora studies and Spicer’s selected Arizona history add different perspectives; an El Paso crossing recollection does not settle the Texas Band’s migration account. Continue with community-directed history, documented migration records and language scholarship. The museum sheet is brief orientation; the retained INPI route remains unread. Follow cultural materials through the relevant community publisher and stated scope.", "sourceIds": [ "p441-s4", "p441-s7", "p441-s12", "p441-s13", "p441-s14", "p441-spicer-pascua-1940" ] }, { "title": "A river landscape that changed over time", "text": "Historian Esther Padilla Calderón explains how the Yaqui River’s floods supported cultivation while sometimes damaging or relocating settlements. Her selected historical account describes a major channel change in 1833 and later attempts to control the river through irrigation works and dams. This helps readers see the Sonora homeland as a changing lived landscape. Her explanation combines archival material with earlier scholarship; the underlying archival files were not inspected for this guide. It does not establish present water allocations or Texas settlement history.", "sourceIds": [ "p441-s13" ] }, { "title": "Listening to women’s memories in Pótam", "text": "Edna Lucía García Rivera’s 2023 study follows the memories of two older women living in Pótam. They recall ancestors’ displacement, survival and return, and connect those memories with responsibilities to family and community. García Rivera interprets their accounts through oral history and postcolonial feminist scholarship. These are named individual perspectives shaped by remembrance and the research encounter. They enrich the history without standing for every Yaqui woman or independently confirming each event recalled.", "sourceIds": [ "p441-s14" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p441-s1", "title": "Yaquis - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/yaquis-etnografia/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Retained INPI government reading lead for Sonora. Direct retrieval returned 502 during both saved review and this follow-up. Search-index material was not used as a completed original-page review.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Original page content not successfully inspected.", "accessNotes": "Automated 502 is not evidence of a reader paywall or of missing community records." }, { "id": "p441-s2", "title": "Culture - Pascua Yaqui Tribe", "publisher": "pascuayaqui-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.pascuayaqui-nsn.gov/culture/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "A short Pascua Yaqui Tribe cultural orientation. Its public introductory text was read, but detailed ceremonial descriptions and location links are outside this guide’s synthesis. It does not describe Texas Band institutions.", "accessed": "2026-10-25", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-25", "contentReviewScope": "Public Culture page main text, including opening orientation; no linked ceremony/location pages or images inspected.", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Short orientation, retained as supporting context." }, { "id": "p441-s3", "title": "Departments - Pascua Yaqui Tribe", "publisher": "pascuayaqui-nsn.gov", "url": "https://www.pascuayaqui-nsn.gov/departments/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Retained official Pascua Yaqui departmental navigation lead. Linked program pages are separate works below; this index is not counted as substantive evidence.", "accessed": "2026-10-19", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Navigation lead only; no substantive original content review recorded." }, { "id": "p441-s4", "title": "Who we are — Texas Band of Yaqui Indians", "url": "https://www.tbyi.gov/about-1-1", "publisher": "Texas Band of Yaqui Indians", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Texas", "Identity", "Community history" ], "annotation": "The publisher describes its Yoeme family history through displacement from Sonora and continuing community relationships. Read with its longer About account as one institutional self-account. Its legal-authority and recognition assertions are not independently verified here.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-25", "contentReviewScope": "Complete readable main body, naming and relationship statements; web lines 17–35. The longer About route was also read and is excluded as a second work.", "accessed": "2026-10-25", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "inspectedSubresources": [ { "url": "https://www.tbyi.gov/about-us/1000", "title": "Longer About account", "scope": "Complete readable body, lines20–84; same institutional account, not an independent additional work." } ], "accessNotes": "Public readable text. Publication/revision date unstated. No images, certificates, genealogy or private records inspected." }, { "id": "p441-s5", "title": "About Us — longer Texas Band institutional account", "url": "https://www.tbyi.gov/about-us/1000", "publisher": "Texas Band of Yaqui Indians", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Texas", "Community history" ], "annotation": "A longer account of the publisher’s Presidio/Fort Davis migration history and relationship to other Yaqui communities. Retained as an alternate reading route to the same institutional account, not additional corroboration. A paragraph linking an 1864 arrangement with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was not adopted.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-25", "contentReviewScope": "Complete readable substantive body, lines 20–84. No underlying census, genealogy, certificates or reservation documents inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-25", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Same institutional self-account as Source 4; excluded to avoid duplicate counting." }, { "id": "p441-s6", "title": "Senate Resolution 989, enrolled text, 84th Texas Legislature", "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/84R/billtext/html/SR00989F.htm", "publisher": "Texas Senate", "type": "Government / primary record", "topics": [ "Texas", "Public records", "Community history" ], "annotation": "Adopted May 27, 2015. The operative clauses honor Texas Band members and request a commemorative copy. Historical recitals are not an independent archival audit. This short instrument does not resolve the wider status questions in this review.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-25", "contentReviewScope": "Entire enrolled resolution and adoption certification, lines 4–61.", "accessed": "2026-10-25", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Short commemorative primary record; supporting, not a substantial historical study.", "publicationDate": "2015-05-27" }, { "id": "p441-s7", "title": "Yaqui — background sheet", "url": "https://statemuseum.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/Yaqui_Background_Info.pdf", "publisher": "Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona", "type": "Museum / educational reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Sonora", "Arizona", "Texas" ], "annotation": "A brief museum orientation locating the homeland in Sonora’s Yaqui River valley and noting communities in Texas, Arizona and California. Its generalized recognition wording should be read with the specific 1978 statute below. Population totals, war chronology and ceremonial narratives are not adopted here.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-25", "contentReviewScope": "All searchable text of the two-page PDF, lines 0–34; no separate visual image/map review.", "accessed": "2026-10-25", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Brief orientation rather than a substantive people-level history.", "accessNotes": "Public PDF. Document date unstated; current figures and the linked website’s services were not checked." }, { "id": "p441-s8", "title": "Studies of the Yaqui Indians of Sonora, Mexico — selected introduction", "url": "https://www.pascuayaqui-nsn.gov/wp-content/uploads/PDF/Education/texas_technological_studiesofyaquiindians_1936.pdf", "publisher": "W. C. Holden and colleagues; Texas Technological College", "type": "Academic / historical primary account", "topics": [ "Sonora", "Research history", "Source perspective" ], "annotation": "One 1936 expedition account, inspected only in its introduction and front matter. Holden describes intermediaries, translation and the party’s 1934 Sonora fieldwork. This is evidence about that research encounter, not proof of Texas settlement; modern hosting does not imply endorsement.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-25", "contentReviewScope": "Title/imprint, acknowledgments and contents; printed pp. 7–8 and opening p. 9 through the visits-to-Vícam/Tórin passage (PDF pp. 9–11). Remaining chapters, illustrations, anthropometric, medical and ceremonial material were not selected.", "accessed": "2026-10-25", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "1936-01", "accessNotes": "Public reading copy linked by the Pascua Yaqui Tribal Library. No reuse license established; link-only. Not a full-book content check." }, { "id": "p441-s9", "title": "Public Law 95-375, as enacted September 18, 1978", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/95/statute/STATUTE-92/STATUTE-92-Pg712.pdf", "publisher": "United States Congress", "type": "Government / historical statute", "topics": [ "Arizona", "Pascua Yaqui Tribe", "Government history" ], "annotation": "The two-page enactment concerns the named Pascua Yaqui association/Tribe in Arizona, including eligibility for federal services, trust-land provisions, governing documents and membership. It is a dated primary record; later amendments and current consolidated law were not reviewed.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-25", "contentReviewScope": "Complete two-page statute,92 Stat.712–713, including sections 1–3 and legislative-history footer.", "accessed": "2026-10-25", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "1978-09-18", "accessNotes": "Official publicPDF. Used for historical scope, not current enrollment criteria, jurisdiction or legal advice." }, { "id": "p441-s10", "title": "Teacher Language Institute — program and educator accounts", "url": "https://www.pascuayaqui-nsn.gov/education/teacher-language-institute/", "publisher": "Pascua Yaqui Tribe", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Education", "Arizona" ], "annotation": "The Tribe describes teacher preparation, language instruction and family/curriculum goals, with educator perspectives. These are the publisher’s stated aims and individual accounts; certification totals, outcomes and a Texas program are not established.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-25", "contentReviewScope": "TLI program information, goals/core values and Graciela Garcia/Celia Gonzales accounts, web lines 173–211. Other linked programs and images not inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-25", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessNotes": "Undated public program page; no current participant count or measured outcomes used." }, { "id": "p441-s11", "title": "Dr. Fernando Escalante Tribal Library — mission and services", "url": "https://www.pascuayaqui-nsn.gov/education/dr-fernando-escalante-tribal-library/", "publisher": "Pascua Yaqui Tribe", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Language", "Reading", "Education", "Arizona" ], "annotation": "A community-published account of literacy, Hiaki collections, family programming and technology access. Linked books are reading routes, not additional completed source checks. Services are described as posted, without checking enrollment or access requirements.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-25", "contentReviewScope": "Mission and department-services sections, web lines 163–193; catalogue/database links noted but not used. Hours, contact records and images not used.", "accessed": "2026-10-25", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "accessNotes": "Public text. Individual digital services and library-card/account requirements were not tested." }, { "id": "p441-s12", "title": "Diccionario yaqui de bolsillo: Jiak noki–español / Español–Jiak noki", "url": "https://www.pascuayaqui-nsn.gov/wp-content/uploads/PDF/Education/2016_yaqui_spanish_dictionary.pdf", "publisher": "Crescencio Buitimea Valenzuela, Zarina Estrada Fernández, Aarón Grageda Bustamante, Manuel Carlos Silva Encinas; Universidad de Sonora", "type": "Community-collaborative scholarship", "topics": [ "Language", "Sonora", "Education" ], "annotation": "A 2016 bilingual dictionary whose acknowledgments and teacher-written foreword describe collaboration with Yaqui-speaking educators and educational purposes. Only front matter and the foreword were inspected; no comprehensive vocabulary or dialect-coverage review is claimed.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-25", "contentReviewScope": "Title/copyright (printed pp. 5–6), acknowledgments (p. 7) and Prólogo (pp. 9–12), corresponding PDF pp. 7–9 and 11–14 of the 239-page hosted copy. The ResearchGate cover sheet is not counted as another edition/work.", "accessed": "2026-10-25", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "publicationDate": "2016", "accessNotes": "Public PDF supplied through the Tribal Library. Copyright statements retained; no image/text reproduction or reuse license claimed. Hosting is not blanket endorsement of every passage." }, { "id": "p441-s13", "title": "Los yaquis y las crecientes del río. Una historia del control hidráulico del río Yaqui — selected pages", "url": "https://culturales.uabc.mx/index.php/Culturales/article/view/527", "publisher": "Esther Padilla Calderón; Culturales, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California", "author": "Esther Padilla Calderón", "type": "Academic / environmental history", "topics": [ "Sonora", "River history", "Agriculture", "Source perspective" ], "publicationDate": "2017-09-29", "citation": "Padilla Calderón, Esther. 2017. Culturales 5(2): 67–106.", "annotation": "A historian’s analysis of changing relationships among river floods, cultivation and hydraulic infrastructure. The selected pages connect Yaqui settlement and farming with river change; this is a Sonora historical study, not Texas migration evidence. Its arguments and cited archival documents should be distinguished from directly inspected primary records.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Publisher record plus actual publisher PDF: printed pp. 67–69, 75–80 and 97–99 (PDF pages 1–3, 9–14 and 31–33 of 40). Title page visually inspected. Remaining narrative and bibliography were not content-reviewed; figure captions in selected text were read, but maps/figures were not visually evaluated or reused.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "Substantive selected narrative inspected in the actual publication; one work, not separate counts for record, PDF and mirrors.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "url": "https://culturales.uabc.mx/index.php/Culturales/article/download/527/331/1794", "title": "Publisher full-text PDF", "scope": "Selected printed pages 67–69, 75–80 and 97–99; complete available PDF downloaded for private reading, not fully reviewed." } ], "accessNotes": "Public Spanish full text, with English abstract; no account or paywall encountered. Web-tool PDF retrieval failed, but the publisher PDF downloaded normally with PowerShell; the PDF text and title frame were inspected. Publisher states CC BY 4.0 and PDF title page bears CC BY; link-only use proposed. Historical generalizations are attributed; present water rights, allocation and conditions were not established.", "language": "es", "abstractLanguages": [ "es", "en" ] }, { "id": "p441-s14", "title": "La recuperación de la memoria de la mujer yaqui: una mirada a la solidaridad, colectividad y agencia", "url": "https://alteridades.izt.uam.mx/index.php/Alte/article/view/1315", "publisher": "Edna Lucía García Rivera; Alteridades, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana", "author": "Edna Lucía García Rivera", "type": "Academic / oral-history research", "topics": [ "Sonora", "Pótam", "Oral history", "Women", "Community memory" ], "publicationDate": "2023-04-11", "doi": "10.24275/uam/izt/dcsh/alteridades/2023v33n65/Garcia", "citation": "García Rivera, Edna Lucía. 2023. “La recuperación de la memoria de la mujer yaqui: una mirada a la solidaridad, colectividad y agencia.” Alteridades 33(65): 9–19. https://doi.org/10.24275/uam/izt/dcsh/alteridades/2023v33n65/Garcia", "annotation": "An oral-history study centered on two older women living in Pótam, Sonora. Their family memories and the author’s analysis address displacement, return and community responsibility. It supplies attributed individual perspectives and an explicit method, not a representative survey of all Yaqui women or independent verification of every remembered event.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "contentReviewScope": "Actual publisher PDF narrative and notes, printed pp. 9–18 (PDF pages 1–10 of 11), including introduction/method, historical context, both interview cases and final considerations. Bibliography on pp. 18–19 inspected as references only; cited books/articles not separately reviewed. Title page visually inspected.", "accessed": "2026-10-26", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "Substantive published oral-history narrative actually inspected; interviewees’ accounts and scholarly interpretation remain attributed.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "url": "https://alteridades.izt.uam.mx/index.php/Alte/article/download/1315/1429/4073", "title": "Publisher full-text PDF", "scope": "Narrative and notes on printed pp. 9–18; references are leads rather than additional checked works." } ], "accessNotes": "Public Spanish full text with English abstract; no account/paywall encountered. The researcher identifies herself as non-Indigenous and describes a Yaqui intermediary and family participation. No interview transcript, audio, private records, restricted cultural material or documentary photographs reproduced; original publication remains linked.", "language": "es", "abstractLanguages": [ "es", "en" ] }, { "id": "p441-spicer-pascua-1940", "title": "Pascua: A Yaqui Village in Arizona — selected Chapter I history", "url": "https://open.uapress.arizona.edu/read/pascua/section/391fe65f-4b65-4716-bb84-54d667a0438d", "publisher": "Edward H. Spicer; University of Chicago Press (1940); University of Arizona Press open-access reprint (2019)", "author": "Edward H. Spicer", "type": "Academic / historical ethnography with attributed recollections", "topics": [ "Migration", "El Paso", "Arizona", "Community memory", "Source perspective" ], "publicationDate": "1940", "editionDate": "2019-05", "citation": "Spicer, Edward H. 1940. Pascua: A Yaqui Village in Arizona. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Chapter I, selected History paragraphs. Open Arizona reprint, University of Arizona Press, May 2019, ISBN 9780816540327.", "annotation": "Spicer places migration memories within his study of Pascua, Arizona, including an El Paso crossing recollection. This outside anthropologist’s mediated local account does not corroborate the Texas Band’s specific Presidio/Fort Davis narrative.", "accessed": "2026-10-27", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "One partial substantive book review: multiple complete History paragraphs actually read from the indexed publisher chapter body, beyond the search-summary snippets. The record and reprint are not separate works.", "contentReviewScope": "Chapter I: History opening paragraph (including Francisco Valencia’s reported El Paso crossing), following historical-context/migration paragraphs, and selected Yaquis in Arizona/local-founding paragraphs; Population opening establishes the May 1937 study context, and Summary opening was read. The indexed body omits intervening text, so this is noncontinuous selected content, not a complete chapter or book review. No printed pagination was available in the inspected HTML; none is invented.", "perspective": "An outside anthropologist’s 1940 interpretation, based on residents’ recollections and other literature. The El Paso story is mediated and undated in the selected passage; underlying interviews and crossing records were not inspected.", "accessStatus": "Publisher-designated open-access English reprint; selected substantial indexed chapter body inspected", "accessNotes": "Normal chapter retrieval returned a JavaScript reader shell (HTTP 200), while search exposed substantial primary-publisher chapter text. Only the selected body is claimed as inspected; this was not a paywall or challenge bypass. Full-book text, maps, images, raw interviews and a paginated PDF were not inspected. Historical population, racial classifications, blanket migration/language claims and culturally governed descriptions were excluded from synthesis.", "rightsNotes": "Link and brief attributed paraphrase only. Open access does not by itself establish permission to reproduce the book or illustrations; no reuse license is claimed.", "inspectedSubresources": [ { "title": "Publisher edition record", "url": "https://uapress.arizona.edu/book/pascua", "scope": "Title/subtitle, author, open-access reading link, original 1940 publication statement, 325-page description, May 2019 open-access edition and ISBN; web lines 12–26." } ], "language": "en" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 281 ], "researchStatus": "researched", "overviewSourceIds": [ "p441-s4", "p441-s7", "p441-s12" ], "relationshipNote": "This is a broad people-level reading route. The Texas Band of Yaqui Indians, Pascua Yaqui Tribe and Sonora communities are not treated as one government. A source about one community does not establish another community’s affiliation, legal status or territorial boundaries.", "coverageLevel": "reviewed-source-guide", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "researchGaps": [ "Substantive Texas migration history still rests mainly on one institutional account; primary records and distinct community perspectives remain needed.", "No comprehensive Sonora community-history, land/water-history or language review has been completed.", "The 2015 resolution’s broader legal effects, the older About page’s reservation/treaty assertion and related certificates remain unassessed; no federal-status equivalence is inferred.", "The 1936 book and 2016 dictionary were inspected only in the selected front matter/introduction, not in full.", "Program descriptions establish stated activities/aims, not outcomes, speaker counts or universal practice.", "The INPI original page remained unavailable to direct retrieval; indexed search text was not counted.", "No community review or endorsement is recorded.", "The new 2017 river-history work was read only in selected pages, and its underlying archival files were not inspected.", "The 2023 Pótam study offers two women’s memories and a scholar’s interpretation, not a representative survey or independent verification of every recalled event.", "The existing Sonora river photograph provides landscape context; a specifically relevant Texas Band picture remains a separate gap.", "Spicer’s selected 1940 account supplies an undated El Paso crossing recollection within a 1930s Pascua, Arizona study. Original crossing/interview records, a connection to the Texas Band narrative and a full-book review remain unestablished." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Still unfinished", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "rationale": "One selected historical ethnography adds a narrowly Texas-relevant crossing recollection and source comparison to the eight-work foundation. Nine inspected works still do not provide balanced Texas migration history or comprehensive Sonora coverage. The new account is partial and mediated, not independent corroboration of the specific Presidio/Fort Davis narrative. Supporting references and unread leads stay excluded.", "remainingLimits": [ "Independent Texas migration records and fuller Sonora community-directed historical publications remain needed; the new scholarly works do not corroborate the Texas Band’s specific Presidio/Fort Davis narrative.", "The 2017 environmental-history article was inspected only in the selected pages; its underlying archives were not inspected. Current land and water questions remain outside this bounded review.", "The 2023 oral-history study concerns two women in Pótam and the researcher’s interpretations. It is not a survey or community endorsement.", "The earlier 1936 book and 2016 dictionary remain selected-excerpt reviews; existing legal-status uncertainties and the unavailable INPI route remain open.", "No community review or endorsement is recorded.", "Spicer’s selected 1940 account supplies an undated El Paso crossing recollection within a 1930s Pascua, Arizona study. Original crossing/interview records, a connection to the Texas Band narrative and a full-book review remain unestablished." ] }, "evidenceNotes": [ "2026-10-25: integrated the saved Texas Yaqui review after reinspection and added public educational sources. Existing three source URLs and all prior directory/map routes retained. The two Texas Band routes count once; SR 989 and the museum/cultural orientations are supporting. The 1978 act is read as a dated enactment. Selected 1936 and 2016 excerpt scopes are explicit. Six works count; four supporting content checks and two unread/navigation leads do not. No map or documentary image added.", "2026-10-26: added two actually inspected scholarly works for selected Sonora river history and attributed oral-history research. Eight substantive works now count, while supporting references/unread leads remain excluded and adequacy remains Still unfinished. Texas migration claims were not independently corroborated. The existing credited Sonora river image is preserved; the stale claim that no photo existed was corrected. A new Texas Band identity-only route is separate from the Pascua Yaqui Tribe and does not imply a legal-status finding." ], "relatedProfileSlugs": [ "texas-band-of-yaqui-indians" ], "compiledAt": "2026-10-27", "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-01", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "p441-s4", "reason": "The Texas Band's self-account introduces its own family and migration narrative without treating its recognition assertions as independently established law." }, { "sourceId": "p441-s10", "reason": "Pascua Yaqui educators describe language teaching and family-curriculum goals, adding an Arizona community perspective with individual accounts." }, { "sourceId": "p441-s13", "reason": "Selected Spanish-language river-history pages explain Sonora cultivation and hydraulic change in their regional historical setting." }, { "sourceId": "p441-s14", "reason": "Two Pótam women's attributed memories bring displacement, return and community responsibility into view through an explicit oral-history method." } ], "scopeNote": "A cross-border people-level route spanning distinct Texas Band, Pascua Yaqui and Sonora communities. The Sonora articles are Spanish full text with English abstracts; the river study was read only in selected pages and the oral-history narrative through pp. 9–18. Neither establishes the Texas Band's migration narrative, current water rights or all Yaqui women's experience.", "reviewRationale": "Two community institutional voices and two focused Sonora studies provide geographic and experiential breadth; the inaccessible INPI lead, duplicate About account and abstract-only material are excluded.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Texas migration evidence remains mainly one institutional self-account; Sonora histories and primary records remain incomplete.", "No present legal status, current speaker totals or independently measured program outcomes are established.", "The existing Yaqui River photograph supplies Sonora landscape context; a Texas Band-specific picture remains a separate gap." ], "imageRecordId": "yaqui-river-castelazo-2009", "reviewBasis": "Review of existing actual-content source records, retained evidence ledgers and image identification/rights records. No new original-source inspection count, fresh image inspection or comprehensive completion is implied.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false }, "added": false, "slug": "yaqui", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AZ", "name": "Arizona", "key": "us-az" }, { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" }, { "id": "US-TX", "name": "Texas", "key": "us-tx" } ] }, { "originalId": 442, "name": "Yavapai", "region": "Southwest / Arizona", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Yavapai people continue through distinct contemporary tribal communities in Arizona.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Yavapai people continue through distinct contemporary tribal communities in Arizona.", "sourceIds": [ "p442-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Regional Yavapai histories, language, displacement and separate governments. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p442-s1", "p442-s2", "p442-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p442-s1", "title": "Yavapai-Apache Nation – Yavapai-Apache Nation", "publisher": "yavapai-apache.org", "url": "https://yavapai-apache.org/yavapai-apache-nation/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Yavapai-Apache Nation – Yavapai-Apache Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p442-s2", "title": "Water Rights Settlement – Yavapai-Apache Nation", "publisher": "yavapai-apache.org", "url": "https://yavapai-apache.org/waterrightssettlement-2/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Water Rights Settlement – Yavapai-Apache Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p442-s3", "title": "County History - Yavapai, AZ", "publisher": "yavapaiaz.gov", "url": "https://www.yavapaiaz.gov/County-Government/County-History", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Government" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “County History - Yavapai, AZ” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 443 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "yavapai", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AZ", "name": "Arizona", "key": "us-az" } ] }, { "originalId": 443, "name": "Yavapai Apache", "region": "Southwest / Arizona", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Yavapai-Apache Nation is a contemporary nation whose Yavapai and Apache communities retain distinct histories and identities.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Yavapai-Apache Nation is a contemporary nation whose Yavapai and Apache communities retain distinct histories and identities.", "sourceIds": [ "p443-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Constituent peoples, forced displacement, return and contemporary nation-published accounts. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p443-s1", "p443-s2", "p443-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p443-s1", "title": "Yavapai-Apache Nation – Yavapai-Apache Nation", "publisher": "yavapai-apache.org", "url": "https://yavapai-apache.org/yavapai-apache-nation/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Yavapai-Apache Nation – Yavapai-Apache Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p443-s2", "title": "Water Rights Settlement – Yavapai-Apache Nation", "publisher": "yavapai-apache.org", "url": "https://yavapai-apache.org/waterrightssettlement-2/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Water Rights Settlement – Yavapai-Apache Nation” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p443-s3", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Yavapai Apache", "publisher": "bia.gov", "url": "https://www.bia.gov/sites/default/files/dup/assets/as-ia/raca/pdf/77%20-%20Yavapai-Apache%20Nation.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Yavapai Apache” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 442, 16 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "researchLeads": [ { "url": "https://yavapai-apache.org/yavapai-apache-nation/", "title": "Yavapai-Apache Nation — introduction", "documentKey": "Tonto_Apache_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tonto Apache culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tonto Apache study: Payson tribal sources, historical Tonto/Western Apache context and related Yavapai-Apache Nation resources have distinct scopes. Bibliographic labels are provisional; original-source content review is pending. This page includes only selected material relevant to its broader or related-community scope.", "addedAt": "2026-10-20", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "A related Nation’s own account, already linked in the Atlas source table. Its institutions and constituent peoples must not be equated with the Payson Tonto Apache government. Automated request failed; this is not evidence of a reader paywall or removal.", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-20", "availabilityStatus": null }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/tont/learn/historyculture/yavapai_and_apache.htm", "title": "Yavapai and Tonto Apaches — Tonto National Monument", "documentKey": "Tonto_Apache_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tonto Apache culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tonto Apache study: Payson tribal sources, historical Tonto/Western Apache context and related Yavapai-Apache Nation resources have distinct scopes. Bibliographic labels are provisional; original-source content review is pending. This page includes only selected material relevant to its broader or related-community scope.", "addedAt": "2026-10-20", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "Historical naming and conflict context. Check which people and settlements each passage describes rather than equating an old military label with a current government.", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-20", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://yavapai-apache.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/2024_01_12-Brief-History-of-YAN.pdf", "title": "A Brief History of the Yavapai-Apache Nation and Its Lands (2024; supplied citation)", "documentKey": "Tonto_Apache_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tonto Apache culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tonto Apache study: Payson tribal sources, historical Tonto/Western Apache context and related Yavapai-Apache Nation resources have distinct scopes. Bibliographic labels are provisional; original-source content review is pending. This page includes only selected material relevant to its broader or related-community scope.", "addedAt": "2026-10-20", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "The Yavapai-Apache Nation’s own historical context. Distinguish its scope and two peoples from the Payson tribe; the supplied dates and claims await original-source review. Automated request failed; this is not evidence of a reader paywall or removal.", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-20", "availabilityStatus": null }, { "url": "https://yavapai-apache.org/apache-grammar-and-use-of-the-apache-dictionary-class/", "title": "Apache grammar and dictionary class — Yavapai-Apache Nation", "documentKey": "Tonto_Apache_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tonto Apache culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tonto Apache study: Payson tribal sources, historical Tonto/Western Apache context and related Yavapai-Apache Nation resources have distinct scopes. Bibliographic labels are provisional; original-source content review is pending. This page includes only selected material relevant to its broader or related-community scope.", "addedAt": "2026-10-20", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "A dated Yavapai-Apache Nation language-program lead, not evidence that the Payson tribe runs the same class or that a program achieved measured outcomes. Automated request failed; this is not evidence of a reader paywall or removal.", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-20", "availabilityStatus": null }, { "url": "https://yavapai-apache.org/exodus-day-2026/", "title": "Exodus Day 2026 — Yavapai-Apache Nation", "documentKey": "Tonto_Apache_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tonto Apache culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tonto Apache study: Payson tribal sources, historical Tonto/Western Apache context and related Yavapai-Apache Nation resources have distinct scopes. Bibliographic labels are provisional; original-source content review is pending. This page includes only selected material relevant to its broader or related-community scope.", "addedAt": "2026-10-20", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "A Yavapai-Apache Nation public remembrance/program lead. Distinguish a scheduled event from verified occurrence and from Payson tribal institutions. Automated request failed; this is not evidence of a reader paywall or removal.", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-20", "availabilityStatus": null }, { "url": "https://yavapai-apache.org/darnell-and-tahnee-baker-humbly-request-your-prayers-as-we-co-sponsor-an-apache-sunrise-ceremony-in-honor-of-our-god-daughter/", "title": "Public family ceremonial announcement (2022; supplied citation) — Yavapai-Apache Nation", "documentKey": "Tonto_Apache_Culture_History_and_Timeline", "documentTitle": "Tonto Apache culture, history and timeline", "contextNote": "Owner-supplied Tonto Apache study: Payson tribal sources, historical Tonto/Western Apache context and related Yavapai-Apache Nation resources have distinct scopes. Bibliographic labels are provisional; original-source content review is pending. This page includes only selected material relevant to its broader or related-community scope.", "addedAt": "2026-10-20", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "labelProvenance": "Supplied bibliography; original identification pending", "linkNote": "A dated public family notice retained as provenance. No ceremony details, participants or images are reproduced. Public posting does not authorize reuse of restricted cultural knowledge; review context before any later summary. Automated request failed; this is not evidence of a reader paywall or removal.", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-20", "availabilityStatus": null } ], "added": false, "slug": "yavapai-apache", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AZ", "name": "Arizona", "key": "us-az" } ] }, { "originalId": 444, "name": "Yocona", "region": "Southeast / Name under review", "kind": "Historical name / verification needed", "overview": "The supplied name Yocona needs further verification before it can be treated as a distinct people. A river or place name does not by itself establish a tribal identity.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The supplied name Yocona needs further verification before it can be treated as a distinct people. A river or place name does not by itself establish a tribal identity.", "sourceIds": [ "p444-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Trace the original spelling and source; use regional historical resources as context only. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p444-s1" ] }, { "title": "Latest name check", "text": "A federal geographic resource identifies the Yocona River watershed in northern Mississippi. That finding alone does not identify an Indigenous people, historical town or intended spelling behind the supplied directory name. The entry remains available while name verification continues; no tribal map location has been assigned from the river name.", "sourceIds": [ "p444-name-review-20261021" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p444-s1", "title": "Chickasaw Nation history — regional context", "publisher": "Chickasaw Nation", "url": "https://www.chickasaw.net/our-nation/history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "History", "Identity" ], "annotation": "Regional historical context only. This source does not establish a distinct people named Yocona; the supplied name remains a verification task.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p444-name-review-20261021", "title": "Yazoo Darter — Yocona river-name context only", "publisher": "USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service", "url": "https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/programs-initiatives/working-lands-for-wildlife/yazoo-darter", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Name verification" ], "annotation": "The opening identifies the Yocona River watershed in northern Mississippi. It establishes a geographic name, not a distinct people named Yocona. This short supporting check is excluded from the substantive source target.", "contentReviewScope": "Actual opening watershed-location sentence only. No fish-taxonomy or Indigenous identity conclusion inferred.", "accessed": "2026-10-21", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-21", "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "relationshipNote": "Name verification remains open. Linked regional material is contextual and does not establish a separate “Yocona” tribe.", "researchGaps": [ "Identify the original source and intended referent of the supplied name. River-name etymology or nearby Chickasaw history is insufficient to establish a distinct people." ], "added": false, "slug": "yocona", "regionGroups": [ "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [] }, { "originalId": 445, "name": "Yokuts", "region": "California / Central Valley", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Yokuts is a wider people and language grouping encompassing distinct communities in central California.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Yokuts is a wider people and language grouping encompassing distinct communities in central California.", "sourceIds": [ "p445-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Local peoples, language varieties and individual contemporary tribal histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p445-s1", "p445-s2", "p445-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p445-s1", "title": "Yokuts languages", "publisher": "cla.berkeley.edu", "url": "https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/yokuts.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Yokuts languages” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p445-s2", "title": "Yokuts | Smithsonian Institution", "publisher": "si.edu", "url": "https://www.si.edu/object/archives/components/sova-naa-1976-95-ref13960", "type": "Museum / archive", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Yokuts | Smithsonian Institution” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p445-s3", "title": "Yokuts Language and the Yokut Indian Tribe (Yokutsan, Yokatch, Mariposa, Chukchansi, Tachi, Nutunutu, Palewyami)", "publisher": "native-languages.org", "url": "https://www.native-languages.org/yokuts.htm", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Yokuts Language and the Yokut Indian Tribe (Yokutsan, Yokatch, Mariposa, Chukchansi, Tachi, Nutunutu, Palewyami)” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "yokuts", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "name": "Ysleta del Sur Pueblo", "preferredName": "Ysleta del Sur Pueblo · Tigua", "added": true, "region": "El Paso / West Texas / Southern Tiwa-Pueblo history", "kind": "Pueblo nation / tribal government", "overview": "Ysleta del Sur Pueblo is a distinct living Pueblo nation and tribal government in the El Paso area of Texas. The Pueblo identifies its community as Tigua and describes histories linking Quarai, Isleta in New Mexico, and Ysleta del Sur. Federal law redesignated the earlier Tiwa Indians of Ysleta, Texas, as Ysleta del Sur Pueblo in 1987. These names and histories connect communities without making their governments interchangeable.", "overviewSourceIds": [ "ydsp-s1", "ydsp-s4", "ydsp-s2" ], "sections": [ { "title": "A distinct Pueblo and tribal government in Texas", "text": "The Pueblo identifies itself as a federally recognized sovereign nation in Texas and describes the Tigua as the community that established Ysleta del Sur. Congress used a separate title for Ysleta del Sur in the 1987 Restoration Act, redesignating the people previously called the Tiwa Indians of Ysleta, Texas, by the 1968 Tiwa Indians Act. The same 1987 law restored a federal trust relationship and defined the reservation through specified land categories in El Paso and Hudspeth Counties. These are distinct legal and community records; the statute does not collapse Ysleta del Sur into the Pueblo of Isleta in New Mexico, or make the broad Tiwa grouping a single government.", "sourceIds": [ "ydsp-s1", "ydsp-s4", "ydsp-s2", "ydsp-s9" ] }, { "title": "Connected histories of Isleta, Quarai, and Ysleta", "text": "The Pueblo’s public history describes a route from Quarai to refuge at Isleta and then south to Ysleta during the upheavals of the Pueblo Revolt period. National Park Service accounts and the TxDOT report describe Spanish retreat, relocation, and the establishment of Ysleta del Sur, while noting that some Isletans remained in New Mexico and that some descendants later returned. These accounts give different emphases to the sequence and circumstances of movement. Older historical summaries also report different population counts for people who went south. This profile therefore avoids adopting a single number or turning a complex history into a claim that all Isleta people relocated or that the two present-day Pueblos share one government.", "sourceIds": [ "ydsp-s1", "ydsp-s5", "ydsp-s6", "ydsp-s7", "ydsp-s9", "ydsp-s10" ] }, { "title": "Land, settlement, and a changing cultural landscape", "text": "The Pueblo’s 2016 planning report and its current historical account place the community in the El Paso area and describe the importance of farming and acequia irrigation in the early settlement. The 2021 TxDOT report adds a longer, source-cited account of settlement and land tenure, developed for transportation planning with the Pueblo’s Department of Cultural Preservation. Its colonial and state-era accounts remain interpretations of cited historical sources, not a complete map of Tigua homelands. The National Park Service’s account of Ysleta Mission situates the Pueblo within a wider lower Rio Grande landscape shaped by Indigenous movement, Spanish colonial roads, missions, and later urban development. Each publication has a different purpose: the 2016 report records a dated community planning snapshot, TxDOT synthesizes historical and cultural-landscape sources, and the Park Service describes a historic place and trail. Present administrative boundaries and mission locations should not be read as limits on historical relationships or contemporary community connections.", "sourceIds": [ "ydsp-s1", "ydsp-s3", "ydsp-s6", "ydsp-s10" ] }, { "title": "Governance, oral tradition, and federal law", "text": "The 2025 Year-End Report describes the Pueblo’s elected Tribal Council alongside traditional leadership roles, and explains that governance draws on oral tradition and the Tribal Code of Laws. The 1987 federal statute records a dated legal framework for the tribe, its land, federal services, and the relationship with the United States. The accompanying Senate committee report records the bill’s stated purpose, background, and amendments; it is evidence of legislative process and congressional framing, not an independent community history or current legal interpretation. Its colonial-era and land-loss summary is attributed to that committee. The TxDOT report also summarizes earlier land-grant records and later federal recognition, with claims tied to the sources it cites. Neither the statute nor the reports supplies a complete account of later court decisions, present jurisdiction in every circumstance, or the Pueblo’s own full constitutional history. Current governmental details should be checked against the Pueblo’s own dated reports and official publications.", "sourceIds": [ "ydsp-s2", "ydsp-s4", "ydsp-s9", "ydsp-s10" ] }, { "title": "Tiwa language and publicly shared cultural work", "text": "The Pueblo’s 2025 report describes Tiwa classes and language-learning materials as part of its own cultural and educational work. Its Cultural Development Division separately describes Southern Tiwa language-preservation classes, the use of Miromaa software for archiving and teaching materials, collaboration with linguists and fluent speakers, and Traditional Council review intended to prevent teaching materials from sharing sacred or traditional information. These are the Pueblo’s own descriptions of program design; this guide does not reproduce restricted content or claim measured learning outcomes, current fluency, or a comprehensive account of Southern Tiwa. The Department of Cultural Preservation also distinguishes public-facing exhibits, tours and demonstrations from some member- and family-restricted classes. Shared language connections with Isleta are evidence of relationship, not proof that every community or variety is identical.", "sourceIds": [ "ydsp-s2", "ydsp-s8", "ydsp-s11", "ydsp-s12" ] }, { "title": "A dated community study and the limits of current figures", "text": "Ysleta del Sur Pueblo’s 2016 Socioeconomic Profile was prepared under tribal direction to describe members’ geographic and economic circumstances for planning. Its methods and tables offer a substantial look at the questions the Pueblo was studying at that time, including member residence beyond the El Paso area. The figures are a 2016 snapshot, not present-day population or migration estimates. The Pueblo’s current webpages display differing, undated membership totals, so no such total is repeated here. The 2025 Year-End Report offers a newer institutional view of programs and priorities but likewise should be read as the Pueblo’s own annual account, not an independent evaluation of outcomes.", "sourceIds": [ "ydsp-s1", "ydsp-s2", "ydsp-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "ydsp-s1", "title": "About Us", "publisher": "Ysleta del Sur Pueblo", "author": "Ysleta del Sur Pueblo", "url": "https://www.ysletadelsurpueblo.org/about-us", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Texas", "Community" ], "annotation": "Read the full public About Us account on identity, the Tigua community, the Pueblo Revolt period, settlement in Ysleta, agriculture, and the Pueblo’s institutional history. It is the Pueblo’s own concise public narrative. Its approximate membership statement is undated and differs from another undated figure on the Pueblo homepage, so neither number is used here.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "Full substantive About Us text, paragraphs on identity, history, current location, agriculture, institutions, and economic/governmental context; page links were not treated as separately inspected works.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "ydsp-s2", "title": "Ysleta del Sur Pueblo Year-End Report 2025", "publisher": "Ysleta del Sur Pueblo", "author": "Ysleta del Sur Pueblo; assembled under Tribal Operations", "url": "https://www.ysletadelsurpueblo.org/documents/2025_ydsp_year_end_report", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Governance", "Language", "Cultural preservation", "Education", "Contemporary life" ], "publicationDate": "2026-05", "annotation": "A substantial Pueblo-published annual report. It documents dated governance, education, cultural-preservation, language-learning, and repatriation activities. Program claims are attributed to the Pueblo’s own report and are not independently evaluated here. Its discussion of secure member access is not permission to access or reproduce protected archive materials.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "Actual PDF text read in the 53-page report: title/credits and governor letter (PDF pp. 2–3), council and government account (pp. 5–6), language/cultural programming and secure archive description (pp. 45–50). Other program sections and source records were not comprehensively reviewed.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "ydsp-s3", "title": "2016 Socioeconomic Profile", "publisher": "Ysleta del Sur Pueblo", "author": "Ysleta del Sur Pueblo; study directed by Tribal Operations and the Department of Tribal Court and Records", "url": "https://www.ysletadelsurpueblo.org/documents/2016-socioeconomic-profile", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Community research", "Geography", "Planning", "Contemporary history" ], "publicationDate": "2016", "annotation": "A 68-page community-directed study designed to inform planning and describe the member population’s geographic and socioeconomic circumstances. Used here for its stated research purpose, methods, brief historical section, and dated geographic scope only. Its numerical tables are not presented as current figures or independent estimates.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "PDF pages 12–14 (study purpose, history, methodology), 24–25 (geographic footprint), 34–35 and 38–39 (dated employment/business context). The whole 68-page report was not read cover to cover; detailed tables outside these pages were not used.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "ydsp-s4", "title": "Ysleta del Sur Pueblo and Alabama and Coushatta Indian Tribes of Texas Restoration Act, Public Law 100-89", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office, Statutes at Large", "author": "100th United States Congress", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/link/statute/101/666", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Federal law", "Recognition", "Governance", "Land" ], "publicationDate": "1987-08-18", "annotation": "The original enacted seven-page statute is primary evidence of its 1987 legal text. Title I separately redesignates the Tiwa Indians of Ysleta, Texas, as Ysleta del Sur Pueblo, restores the federal trust relationship, and defines reservation land through specified categories. This review does not state later law, litigation, or present legal effects beyond the text read.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "Actual statute text in PDF pages 0–3: Title I, sections 101–105 and 108, including redesignation, restoration, and statutory land framework; Title II is not used as Ysleta evidence. No later amendments or case law were reviewed.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "ydsp-s5", "title": "The Tiwa of the Isleta Pueblo Mission", "publisher": "National Park Service, El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail", "author": "National Park Service", "url": "https://home.nps.gov/articles/000/tiwa-of-the-isleta-pueblo-mission.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "History", "Archaeology", "Isleta and Ysleta", "Colonial period" ], "annotation": "A Park Service interpretive article that combines Camino Real history and archaeological evidence at Isleta with an account of Indigenous movement to Ysleta del Sur. It distinguishes people who remained at Isleta and later return movements. This is a federal interpretive account, not a Tigua community-authored history; archaeological and colonial records do not replace oral history.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "Full substantive article text, especially paragraphs on the 1680–1682 revolt and retreat, movement to Ysleta del Sur, later return to Isleta, and archaeological interpretations of ceramics and trails; embedded media and linked pages were not reviewed.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "ydsp-s6", "title": "Ysleta Mission", "publisher": "National Park Service", "author": "National Park Service, El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/places/ysleta-mission.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Place", "History", "Texas", "Cultural landscape" ], "annotation": "A dated Park Service place account of Ysleta Mission and its regional setting. It describes Ysleta del Sur as one of several post-Revolt communities and the mission as a continuing spiritual hub for Tigua people. Its place-based interpretive scope does not define a homeland boundary or represent the Pueblo’s full account.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "Full substantive page text on post-Revolt communities, the lower El Paso Valley, mission, surrounding roads, and current site location; page last updated June 16, 2023. Linked trail pages were not reviewed.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "ydsp-s7", "title": "Tigua Indians", "publisher": "Texas State Historical Association, Handbook of Texas", "author": "Bill Wright", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/tigua-indians", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Historical scholarship", "Terminology", "History" ], "annotation": "Read as an older secondary synthesis for comparison, not as a current community account. It records interpretations and population figures that differ from other published accounts and uses unqualified language-status and cultural generalizations that this profile does not adopt. Kept as a supporting reference for readers to assess its cited bibliography and dated framing.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "Full online entry, introductory/history paragraphs, citations, and author-provided bibliography. Claims about present conditions, language endangerment, gender roles, membership, and legal status were not adopted as current.", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Older synthesis is retained for critical comparison; its central claims require independent and community-led review before it can serve as a substantive source for this profile." }, { "id": "ydsp-s8", "title": "Cultural Center", "publisher": "Ysleta del Sur Pueblo", "author": "Ysleta del Sur Pueblo", "url": "https://www.ysletadelsurpueblo.org/event_detail.sstg?id=9", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Public education", "Cultural preservation", "Museum" ], "annotation": "A concise community page describing the Cultural Center and publicly shared education. It explicitly states that some activities are reserved for Tribal Members. Included as a current public access point, not as a substantive standalone cultural history; no member-only material is linked or reproduced.", "accessed": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-22", "contentReviewScope": "Actual Cultural Center and heritage grant text, including the statement that gardening programs are for Tribal Members only and description of a preservation planning project. Linked planning report was not accessible as substantive text and is not counted.", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Short program description/access point; excluded from the substantive target." }, { "id": "ydsp-s9", "title": "S. Rept. 100-90: To provide for the restoration of federal recognition to the Ysleta del Sur Pueblo and the Alabama and Coushatta Indian Tribes of Texas", "publisher": "U.S. Senate, Select Committee on Indian Affairs; U.S. Government Publishing Office", "author": "U.S. Senate, Select Committee on Indian Affairs, 100th Congress", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/SERIALSET-13734_00_00-015-0090-0000/pdf/SERIALSET-13734_00_00-015-0090-0000.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Federal legislation", "Recognition", "Governance", "Land history" ], "publicationDate": "1987-06-26", "annotation": "The Senate committee report accompanying H.R. 318 records the proposed restoration bill, its legislative purpose, background, and committee amendments. It complements the enacted statute by documenting congressional process, but the report’s historical narrative and terms are the committee’s dated governmental framing, not a Pueblo-authored account or independent corroboration. Its 1987 membership and population statements are not used as current facts.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "Substantive PDF pages 1–9 of 16 (including bill text, the committee’s purpose/background and legislative/amendment discussion) read via the GovInfo text layer. Remaining PDF pages were not inspected; the OCR layer contains visible transcription errors, so claims are limited to clear passages and attributed to the committee.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "ydsp-s10", "title": "TxDOT Tribal Histories: Ysleta del Sur Pueblo Research Report", "publisher": "Texas Department of Transportation", "author": "TxDOT Tribal Histories Project research team, developed in consultation with Ysleta del Sur Pueblo’s Department of Cultural Preservation", "url": "https://ftp.txdot.gov/pub/txdot-info/env/toolkit/415-11-rpt.pdf", "type": "Government / community consultation", "topics": [ "History", "Cultural landscape", "Land tenure", "Texas" ], "publicationDate": "2021-07", "annotation": "A 2021 TxDOT research report prepared for transportation planning and public education. Its introduction says the source set was recommended and approved by Ysleta del Sur Pueblo’s Director of Cultural Preservation, who also commented on the draft. The report combines historical scholarship, archival material, community publications, oral history and GIS work. It is a collaboratively informed government research synthesis, not a Pueblo-authored monograph; colonial-era accounts and interpretations remain attributed to the sources it cites. This profile uses public historical context and omits location-level details identified as culturally sensitive for future planning.", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewScope": "PDF text was extracted and substantive pages 3–4, 21–22, 28–35 and the bibliography on 37–40 were read for project method, movement/settlement framing, land-tenure history, military service and federal recognition. Page 36’s culturally sensitive planning section and its location-level information were deliberately excluded from profile synthesis. Appendices/GIS data, maps and photographs were not independently inspected; no coordinates or sensitive locations were used.", "countsTowardMinimum": true }, { "id": "ydsp-s11", "title": "Cultural Development Division — Language Preservation", "publisher": "Ysleta del Sur Pueblo, Department of Cultural Preservation", "url": "https://www.ysletadelsurpueblo.org/tribal-services/department-of-cultural-preservation/cultural-development-division", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Southern Tiwa", "Language preservation", "Community governance", "Cultural safeguards" ], "annotation": "The Pueblo describes its language-preservation program as using classes on Southern Tiwa history and phonetics, Miromaa software for archival and teaching materials, collaboration with linguists and fluent speakers, and Traditional Council review to protect sacred and traditional information. This is the Pueblo’s undated description of its program and safeguards, not a language grammar, fluency census or independently evaluated outcome.", "contentReviewScope": "Complete visible language-preservation section read (page body, lines 136–139 in the inspected text): purpose, class content, Miromaa use, collaboration, Traditional Council review and curriculum partnership with the Institute of Indigenous Languages. No teaching materials, audio, software content or language data inspected.", "publicationDate": "Undated webpage; publication date not stated", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "countsTowardMinimum": true, "countReason": "Counted once as a directly relevant community description of specific language-program methods and safeguards; the page is not counted as multiple works for the listed activities." }, { "id": "ydsp-s12", "title": "Department of Cultural Preservation — public education and community programming", "publisher": "Ysleta del Sur Pueblo, Department of Cultural Preservation", "url": "https://www.ysletadelsurpueblo.org/tribal-services/department-of-cultural-preservation", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Cultural preservation", "Public education", "Community access" ], "annotation": "A brief institutional page describes how the Pueblo organizes public-history education through museum exhibits, guided tours, lectures, and public demonstrations, while identifying some arts and scholarly classes as reserved for members and their families. Retained as a short supporting source; it is not evidence of unrestricted access to all cultural knowledge.", "contentReviewScope": "Complete visible body, lines 136–141 in the inspected text: department scope, accuracy and cultural-sensitivity aims, public exhibits/tours/lectures/demonstrations, member-restricted classes and public community events. No restricted programming or exhibit content accessed.", "publicationDate": "Undated webpage; publication date not stated", "accessed": "2026-10-23", "contentReviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "countsTowardMinimum": false, "countReason": "Brief department orientation useful for context but too short to count as a substantive source toward the target." } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 145, 386, 310 ], "relationshipNote": "Ysleta del Sur Pueblo is a distinct Pueblo nation and tribal government in Texas; Tigua is the community name used by the Pueblo. The 1987 statute links the present name to the earlier legal designation Tiwa Indians of Ysleta, Texas. NPS sources describe historical movement connecting Ysleta del Sur with Isleta Pueblo in New Mexico, and the 2025 report documents Tiwa language teaching with Isleta consultants. These are historical and linguistic relationships, not grounds to merge the two present governments, treat all Tiwa speakers as Ysleta citizens, or make the broad Pueblo label a single people.", "researchStatus": "source-guide", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "researchComplete": false, "communityReview": "Not recorded", "searchTerms": [ "Tigua", "Tiwa Indians of Ysleta", "Ysleta del Sur", "Ysleta Pueblo", "Ysleta, Texas", "YDSP" ], "researchGaps": [ "Read further Pueblo-authored historical essays and publicly released educational material, while respecting community-controlled archival access.", "Compare the Pueblo’s oral-history framing with relevant Spanish-language colonial records and independent historical scholarship; preserve disagreement over the chronology and number of people who moved south.", "Review later federal laws, court opinions, and current Pueblo legal materials before making claims about present jurisdiction, land status, or implementation of the 1987 Act.", "The 2016 socioeconomic study is a dated community planning snapshot. Present-day member distribution and demographics have not been independently established; undated membership totals on Pueblo webpages conflict and are not repeated.", "The Cultural Center lists some programming for Tribal Members only. No private archive, sensitive site, ceremonial detail, or community review is included in this public guide.", "A Pueblo-published language-preservation page now describes program methods and safeguards. Inspect publicly released Southern Tiwa learning materials only when clearly authorized; the page does not supply a grammar, audio sample, fluency count, measured outcomes or dated current schedule." ], "evidenceNotes": [ "Initial focused review completed 2026-10-22. Follow-ups on 2026-10-23 inspected the substantive first nine pages of the 1987 Senate committee report accompanying the Restoration Act and selected non-sensitive sections of TxDOT’s 2021 Ysleta del Sur Pueblo research report. They are counted as distinct works with different purposes: legislative process and a community-consulted cultural-landscape synthesis. The first follow-up had eight substantive works; the 2026-10-23 Southern Tiwa language-preservation page raises the profile to nine substantive works. Later Senate-report pages remain unread and OCR errors are disclosed. The TxDOT report’s identified culturally sensitive planning section was excluded from profile synthesis.", "The Pueblo’s 2016 report is limited to its actual inspected pages and dated purpose; the 2025 report is an institutional annual report, not an independent evaluation. Migration accounts differ in emphasis and older headcounts conflict; no single number is adopted.", "No historical map association was added. The Texas map connection records the present-day Pueblo/community location only; it is not a homeland boundary. No private cultural materials or generated imagery were used." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Adequate initial introduction", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-23", "rationale": "Nine substantive inspected works provide a clearly bounded introduction grounded in the Pueblo’s own history, current reporting and public language-preservation description, community-directed planning, federal legal texts and National Park Service accounts of the related Isleta/Ysleta landscape. The directly inspected Cultural Development Division page adds specific account of the Pueblo’s Southern Tiwa teaching and archival safeguards; a separate brief Cultural Preservation page remains supporting-only. This supports an adequate starting guide, not a full deep dive, current legal opinion, comprehensive linguistic study or community-reviewed account.", "remainingLimits": [ "Further Pueblo-authored and community-controlled public historical scholarship is needed; the 2016 report and 2025 annual report each have limited purposes, and TxDOT’s consulted synthesis does not replace a Pueblo-authored monograph.", "Primary Spanish records and additional independent scholarship are needed to compare the chronology, route, and differing historical counts associated with movement to Ysleta.", "No community review or endorsement is recorded, and protected digital archive materials were not accessed.", "The Pueblo’s undated online language-program description was inspected, but the actual curriculum, materials, audio, language-variety details, teaching outcomes and present class schedule were not; future claims should be limited to what the Tribe publicly describes." ] }, "researchLeads": [ { "url": "https://scholarworks.utep.edu/open_etd/1023/", "title": "Scott C. Comar, The Tigua Indians of Ysleta del Sur: A Borderlands Community (2015), UTEP history dissertation; 411-page community-history study from colonial contact through federal recognition.", "documentKey": "Atlas follow-up research", "documentTitle": "Ysleta del Sur Pueblo follow-up research", "contextNote": "Strong next full-text lead for community history, identity, migration and land dispossession. Only the repository record/abstract and citation metadata were read on 2026-10-23; the PDF download request returned HTTP 403. Full content remains unread and does not count toward the substantive source total.", "addedAt": "2026-10-23", "reviewStatus": "Metadata and abstract inspected; full dissertation unread", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-23", "availabilityStatus": "HTTP 403 from automated download request; reader access requirement undetermined" } ], "notes": [ "Reviewed 2026-10-23: added the Pueblo’s Cultural Development Division language-preservation page as one substantive community source and the broader Cultural Preservation overview as a support-only reference. Claims are limited to the Pueblo’s descriptions of program design and access safeguards. No protected learning material was opened." ], "startingGuide": { "batchId": "starter-guides-01", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27", "status": "curated-starting-path-reviewed", "sources": [ { "sourceId": "ydsp-s1", "reason": "The Pueblo's own concise About account introduces Tigua identity, Ysleta settlement and continuing institutions without repeating conflicting undated totals." }, { "sourceId": "ydsp-s2", "reason": "Selected 2025 year-end pages place government, cultural preservation and language learning in a dated Pueblo-published account." }, { "sourceId": "ydsp-s10", "reason": "Selected TxDOT report pages add historical and land-tenure context with explicitly documented Pueblo cultural-preservation input." } ], "scopeNote": "A distinct Pueblo nation and Texas government, with historical and Tiwa-language ties to Isleta Pueblo in New Mexico; those ties do not merge the governments. The year-end report and TxDOT report were selectively read. Public cultural education is distinguished from member-only classes and secure archives, and sensitive planning locations are excluded.", "reviewRationale": "Three substantial complementary works already offer community orientation, dated living institutions and consulted historical context; another short institutional card would add little to this first path.", "remainingQuestions": [ "Colonial chronology and migration accounts require further comparison; current legal implementation and demographic claims remain outside this review.", "The program reports establish stated activities rather than tested fluency or participation outcomes.", "Keep the mission identified as the public Ysleta exterior in El Paso, rather than the New Mexico Isleta mission or the original 1682 building." ], "imageRecordId": "ysleta-mission", "reviewBasis": "Review of existing actual-content source records, retained evidence ledgers and image identification/rights records. No new original-source inspection count, fresh image inspection or comprehensive completion is implied.", "fixedSourceMinimum": null, "researchComplete": false }, "slug": "ysleta-del-sur-pueblo", "regionGroups": [], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-TX", "name": "Texas", "key": "us-tx" } ] }, { "originalId": 446, "name": "Yuchi", "region": "Southeast / Oklahoma", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Yuchi people continue through communities in Oklahoma with southeastern homelands and a distinct language.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Yuchi people continue through communities in Oklahoma with southeastern homelands and a distinct language.", "sourceIds": [ "p446-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Yuchi-authored history, language revitalization and community institutions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p446-s1" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p446-s1", "title": "The Yuchi Language Comes Home | First Nations Development Institute", "publisher": "firstnations.org", "url": "https://www.firstnations.org/stories/the-yuchi-language-comes-home/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “The Yuchi Language Comes Home | First Nations Development Institute” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "yuchi", "regionGroups": [ "Great Plains", "Southeast" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "key": "us-ok" } ] }, { "originalId": 447, "name": "Yuki", "region": "California", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Yuki is a people and language name in northern California. Regional and historical uses need distinction.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Yuki is a people and language name in northern California. Regional and historical uses need distinction.", "sourceIds": [ "p447-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Round Valley histories, language documentation and contemporary descendant communities. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p447-s1", "p447-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p447-s1", "title": "Yuki - Description - eHRAF World Cultures", "publisher": "ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu", "url": "https://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/cultures/ns30/description", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Yuki - Description - eHRAF World Cultures” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p447-s2", "title": "Northern Yukian", "publisher": "cla.berkeley.edu", "url": "https://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/northern-yukian.html", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Northern Yukian” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "yuki", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 448, "name": "Yuma", "region": "Southwest / Colorado River", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Yuma is an outside historical name often used for Quechan people. The original list also includes Quechan.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Yuma is an outside historical name often used for Quechan people. The original list also includes Quechan.", "sourceIds": [ "p448-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Verify usage in each source and follow Quechan-authored accounts. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p448-s1", "p448-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p448-s1", "title": "Fort Yuma Quechan Indian Tribe", "publisher": "quechantribe.com", "url": "https://www.quechantribe.com/index.html/1000", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Fort Yuma Quechan Indian Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p448-s2", "title": "Fort Yuma Quechan Indian Tribe", "publisher": "quechantribe.com", "url": "https://www.quechantribe.com/index.html", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Fort Yuma Quechan Indian Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 316 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "relationshipNote": "The original list preserves this name as an access point. Compare the related entries and community-preferred spellings; overlapping names do not always mean identical political communities.", "added": false, "slug": "yuma", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AZ", "name": "Arizona", "key": "us-az" }, { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 449, "name": "Yup'ik", "region": "Alaska / Southwest Alaska", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Yup’ik is associated with peoples of southwestern Alaska. It should be distinguished from Siberian Yupik and other related peoples.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Yup’ik is associated with peoples of southwestern Alaska. It should be distinguished from Siberian Yupik and other related peoples.", "sourceIds": [ "p449-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Yugtun language, regional communities, contemporary institutions and naming distinctions. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p449-s1", "p449-s2" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p449-s1", "title": "Languages - Central Yup'ik | Alaska Native Language Center", "url": "https://www.uaf.edu/anlc/languages-move/centralakyupik.php", "publisher": "uaf.edu", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Language" ], "annotation": "Read this community or institutional account for the named entry. Its scope may cover one constituent community; compare the naming notes and other sources before generalizing.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p449-s2", "title": "Yupik Language (Yup'ik, Cupik, Asiatic Eskimo)", "publisher": "native-languages.org", "url": "https://www.native-languages.org/yupik.htm", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Yupik Language (Yup'ik, Cupik, Asiatic Eskimo)” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "yupik", "regionGroups": [ "Arctic & Alaska", "Southwest" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "key": "us-ak" } ] }, { "originalId": 450, "name": "Yurok", "region": "California / Klamath River", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Yurok people have homelands along the lower Klamath River and nearby Pacific coast.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Yurok people have homelands along the lower Klamath River and nearby Pacific coast.", "sourceIds": [ "p450-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Yurok-authored history, language, river restoration and contemporary tribal government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p450-s1", "p450-s2", "p450-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p450-s1", "title": "Our History | Yurok Tribe", "publisher": "yuroktribe.org", "url": "https://www.yuroktribe.org/our-history", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Our History | Yurok Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p450-s2", "title": "Religion | Yurok Tribe", "publisher": "yuroktribe.org", "url": "https://www.yuroktribe.org/religion", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Religion | Yurok Tribe” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p450-s3", "title": "Yurok Traditions & Culture | Northern California", "publisher": "yuroktribalfund.org", "url": "https://www.yuroktribalfund.org/traditionsandculture", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Yurok Traditions & Culture | Northern California” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "researchLeads": [ { "url": "https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/tmdl/records/region_1/2003/ref1981.pdf", "title": "www.waterboards.ca.gov — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/281960/files/indianwarsofnort01bled.pdf", "title": "digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 202, "linkNote": "HTTP 202 response; requested content not confirmed; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://tribalaffairs.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/2002-Early-California-Laws-and-Policies-Related-to-California-I.pdf", "title": "tribalaffairs.ca.gov — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://calindianhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/01_13_1855_Citizens.pdf", "title": "calindianhistory.org — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://calindianhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/02_03_1855_Removal_Indians_HT_2_3.pdf", "title": "calindianhistory.org — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://calindianhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/02_26_1855.pdf", "title": "calindianhistory.org — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.yuroktribe.org/gold-rush-in-yurok-country", "title": "www.yuroktribe.org — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.yuroktribe.org/treaty-negotiations", "title": "www.yuroktribe.org — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.yuroktribe.org/revolts-against-settlers", "title": "www.yuroktribe.org — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://www.yuroktribe.org/formation-of-reservations", "title": "www.yuroktribe.org — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/0bf92646-d520-44b6-a2cc-d71d614950c1/content", "title": "scholarsbank.uoregon.edu — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": null, "linkNote": "TLS verification failed; availability undetermined; availability check only, not content review." }, { "url": "https://yalebooks.yale.edu/2017/05/23/confronting-american-genocide-on-the-california-coast/", "title": "yalebooks.yale.edu — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 200 }, { "url": "https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/US/412/412.US.481.71-1182.html", "title": "law.resource.org — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 }, { "url": "https://www.nps.gov/ulsg/blogs/grants-dispatch-december-1-2019.htm", "title": "www.nps.gov — source linked in Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "documentKey": "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive", "documentTitle": "Klamath and Salmon River War of 1855 and its aftermath", "contextNote": "A regional historical topic linked here for Karuk, Yurok, and Hupa context. The Klamath River is a place name here; this is not a study of the Klamath people of Oregon. Relevance must be assessed source by source.", "addedAt": "2026-10-19", "reviewStatus": "Awaiting original-source review", "availabilityCheckedAt": "2026-10-19", "availabilityStatus": 206 } ], "studyKeys": [ "Klamath_and_Salmon_River_War_1855_1856_Deep_Dive" ], "added": false, "slug": "yurok", "regionGroups": [ "California" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "key": "us-ca" } ] }, { "originalId": 451, "name": "Zapotec", "region": "Mexico / Oaxaca", "kind": "Wider grouping / peoples", "overview": "Zapotec is a broad label for distinct Binnizá, Benizaa and other locally named communities and languages.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Zapotec is a broad label for distinct Binnizá, Benizaa and other locally named communities and languages.", "sourceIds": [ "p451-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Local self-designations, linguistic diversity, community institutions and migration. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p451-s1", "p451-s2", "p451-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p451-s1", "title": "Zapotecos de la Sierra Norte - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/zapotecos-etnografia/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Zapotecos de la Sierra Norte - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p451-s2", "title": "Zapotecos del Istmo - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI", "publisher": "atlas.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://atlas.inpi.gob.mx/zapotecos-del-istmo-etnografia/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Zapotecos del Istmo - Etnografía - Atlas de los Pueblos Indígenas de México. INPI” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p451-s3", "title": "Santa Ana del Valle: La comunidad zapoteca que teje el patrimonio", "publisher": "inah.gob.mx", "url": "https://www.inah.gob.mx/foto-del-dia/santa-ana-del-valle-la-comunidad-zapoteca-que-teje-el-patrimonio?highlight=WyJ6YXBvdGVjYXMiXQ%3D%3D", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Santa Ana del Valle: La comunidad zapoteca que teje el patrimonio” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "zapotec", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "name": "Zhiibaahaasing First Nation", "originalId": null, "added": true, "compiledAt": "2026-10-26", "kind": "Named First Nation", "region": "Ontario, Canada — listing address only", "overview": "Zhiibaahaasing First Nation has an individually findable directory outline. Detailed history, reading sources and community-specific imagery are queued.", "relationshipNote": "Listed as an Anishinabek Nation member First Nation. This is an organizational relationship; membership alone does not establish ethnicity, language, ancestry, citizenship, jurisdiction or representation of another named community.", "researchStatus": "queued", "entryStage": "name-only-outline", "researchComplete": false, "coverageLevel": "identity-only-queued", "sections": [], "sources": [], "identityVerifiedAt": "2026-10-26", "identificationEvidence": [ { "url": "https://www.anishinabek.ca/Flipbooks/ANCalender2026.pdf", "publisher": "Anishinabek Nation", "title": "Anishinabek Nation Giizisoo-Mzinigan 2026 — Member First Nations Listings", "scope": "PDF page 18 (zero-based 17), Lake Huron member-listing block: exact name and explicit ON address locality only. Parenthetical alternate name retained only where printed.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-26", "access": "Public PDF selectable text actually inspected; no account or subscription needed for this inspection", "selectedPages": [ 18 ], "zeroBasedPages": [ 17 ], "selectedLines": "1802-1805", "identityOnly": true, "countsTowardMinimum": false } ], "searchTerms": [], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "relatedProfileSlugs": [], "researchGaps": [ "Develop a community-directed history and annotated reading collection.", "Review community-specific imagery and reuse terms before substantive profile publication.", "Review detailed relationships, naming changes and historical regional connections." ], "initialAdequacy": { "status": "Not assessed", "reviewedAt": null, "rationale": "Name-only outline; no substantive source collection or adequacy assessment.", "remainingLimits": [ "History, reading sources and imagery remain queued." ] }, "slug": "zhiibaahaasing-first-nation", "regionGroups": [ "Canada" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "CA-ON", "name": "Ontario", "key": "ca-on" } ] }, { "originalId": 452, "name": "Zia Pueblo", "region": "Southwest / New Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Zia Pueblo is a living Pueblo nation in New Mexico.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Zia Pueblo is a living Pueblo nation in New Mexico.", "sourceIds": [ "p452-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Pueblo-authored history, Keres language context and community government. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p452-s1", "p452-s2", "p452-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p452-s1", "title": "Zia Pueblo", "publisher": "ziapueblo.org", "url": "https://www.ziapueblo.org/", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Zia Pueblo” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p452-s2", "title": "Pueblo of Zia Language and Cultural Program — Pueblo of Zia", "publisher": "ziapueblo.org", "url": "https://www.ziapueblo.org/pueblo-of-zia-language-and-cultural-program", "type": "Indigenous-led", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Community or Indigenous-organization perspective linked for this entry. Use “Pueblo of Zia Language and Cultural Program — Pueblo of Zia” to begin with the publisher’s own account; check whether its scope is one community or a wider people.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p452-s3", "title": "Zia Pueblo - eHRAF World Cultures", "publisher": "ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu", "url": "https://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/cultures/nt38/documents/002", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Context and further reading linked for this entry. The publisher’s “Zia Pueblo - eHRAF World Cultures” is a starting point; verify the geographical and community scope before applying its account more broadly.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 310, 163 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "zia-pueblo", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] }, { "originalId": 453, "name": "Zoque", "region": "Mexico / Chiapas / Oaxaca / Tabasco", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "Zoque refers to diverse communities and languages of southern Mexico.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "Zoque refers to diverse communities and languages of southern Mexico.", "sourceIds": [ "p453-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: Local names, language varieties, regional histories and contemporary community life. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p453-s1", "p453-s2", "p453-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p453-s1", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Zoque", "publisher": "ich.unesco.org", "url": "https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/Signed%20periodic%20report%20-%20Periodic%20report-50341.pdf", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Zoque” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p453-s2", "title": "Endangered Languages Project - Ayapanec Zoque", "publisher": "elcat.colo.hawaii.edu", "url": "https://elcat.colo.hawaii.edu/lang/2591?hl=en", "type": "Academic / reference", "topics": [ "Identity", "Language" ], "annotation": "A language reference linked for this entry. Read “Endangered Languages Project - Ayapanec Zoque” for terminology and documentation, and distinguish linguistic labels from the names of political communities.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p453-s3", "title": "Zoque – Catálogo Nacional de Pueblos y Comunidades Indígenas y Afromexicanas", "publisher": "catalogo.inpi.gob.mx", "url": "https://catalogo.inpi.gob.mx/zoque/", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Zoque – Catálogo Nacional de Pueblos y Comunidades Indígenas y Afromexicanas” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "zoque", "regionGroups": [ "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "MX", "name": "Mexico", "key": "mx" } ] }, { "originalId": 454, "name": "Zuni", "region": "Southwest / New Mexico", "kind": "People / community", "overview": "The Pueblo of Zuni is a living nation with its own language, history and institutions.", "sections": [ { "title": "Identity and context", "text": "The Pueblo of Zuni is a living nation with its own language, history and institutions.", "sourceIds": [ "p454-s1" ] }, { "title": "A path for deeper reading", "text": "Focus the next stage of research on: A:shiwi self-designation, language, land and Zuni-authored histories. The sources below are selected reading paths; their authorship, dates and community scope should guide how they are used.", "sourceIds": [ "p454-s1", "p454-s2", "p454-s3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "p454-s1", "title": "Hawikuh and Zuni-Cibola Complex, NM (U.S. National Park Service)", "publisher": "nps.gov", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/places/hawikuh-and-zuni-cibola-complex-nm.htm", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Hawikuh and Zuni-Cibola Complex, NM (U.S. National Park Service)” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p454-s2", "title": "Historical and cultural reference for Zuni", "publisher": "nmlegis.gov", "url": "https://www.nmlegis.gov/handouts/IAC%20112823%20Item%201%20Welcome%20and%20Status%20Update.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Culture" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Historical and cultural reference for Zuni” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" }, { "id": "p454-s3", "title": "Zuni outside", "publisher": "nmlegis.gov", "url": "https://www.nmlegis.gov/handouts/ERDT%20101315%20Item%207%20Zuni%20Pueblo%20Brochure.pdf", "type": "Government", "topics": [ "Identity", "History", "Contemporary life" ], "annotation": "Historical context for this entry. Read “Zuni outside” with attention to the author, period covered, and communities named; compare with community-published accounts where available.", "accessed": "2026-10-19" } ], "relatedOriginalIds": [ 310 ], "researchStatus": "source-guide", "added": false, "slug": "zuni", "regionGroups": [ "Southwest", "Mexico" ], "mapRegions": [ { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "key": "us-nm" } ] } ]