{
  "title": "Robey’s Atlas — Historical map room",
  "updatedAt": "2026-10-27",
  "scope": "Authentic archival map records. Historical map viewpoints are not current Indigenous boundaries. Link-only records distinguish uninspected images and metadata-only leads.",
  "maps": [
    {
      "id": "historical-gallatin-1836",
      "title": "Map of the Indian tribes of North America, about 1600 A.D. along the Atlantic, & about 1800 A.D. westwardly",
      "creator": "Albert Gallatin; American Antiquarian Society",
      "dateLabel": "1836",
      "year": 1836,
      "archive": "David Rumsey Historical Map Collection",
      "recordUrl": "https://www.davidrumsey.com/maps3066.html",
      "viewerUrl": "https://www.davidrumsey.com/maps3066.html",
      "credit": "Albert Gallatin; Pendleton’s Lithography. David Rumsey Historical Map Collection, list no.3388.001. Digital image © Cartography Associates.",
      "rights": {
        "statement": "CC BY-NC-SA 2.0. Noncommercial reuse with attribution and share-alike terms.",
        "url": "https://www.davidrumsey.com/maps3066.html"
      },
      "annotation": "Gallatin assembled this map for an American Antiquarian Society publication in 1836. Its title distinguishes eastern depictions around 1600 from western depictions around 1800. Compare its historical naming and classifications with later maps; its labels do not define current communities or borders.",
      "perspective": "Historical scholarship",
      "regions": [
        "North America"
      ],
      "subjects": [
        "Language"
      ],
      "preview": {
        "path": "assets/historical-maps/gallatin-1836.jpg",
        "width": 384,
        "height": 367,
        "alt": "Authentic 1836 Gallatin map: North America with color-coded historical classifications and a printed key.",
        "changes": "Archive-supplied small preview, unaltered full frame. No generated content. The larger image is available through the archive record.",
        "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/",
        "sourceImageUrl": "https://www.davidrumsey.com/rumsey/Size2/D0005/00052037.jpg?cid=8&iid=RUMSEY&profileid=13&resolution=2&servertype=JVA&usergroup=Rumsey3x&userid=2&username=rumsey&vcid=NA",
        "licenseLabel": "CC BY-NC-SA 2.0",
        "visualInspection": {
          "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21",
          "scope": "Actual archive-supplied preview image visually inspected."
        }
      },
      "inspection": {
        "scope": "Read Rumsey’s full catalogue record and linked license; inspected the actual small map image. Fine labels require the archive viewer. The alternate LOC record was read as indexed text.",
        "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21"
      },
      "profileLinks": []
    },
    {
      "id": "hm-north-catawba",
      "title": "Catawba deerskin map: archival reproduction",
      "historicalTitle": "[Map of the several nations of Indians to the Northwest of South Carolina]",
      "creator": "Unidentified Indigenous maker; colonial copy associated with Francis Nicholson",
      "dateLabel": "c. 1721 design; LOC reproduction, 1929",
      "year": 1929,
      "dateNote": "LOC's guide distinguishes presentation around 1721 from its 1929 color photostat, catalogued under a 1724 call number. The supplied image should therefore not be described as an intact original 1721 deerskin or as made in 1929 without identifying its reproduction.",
      "archive": "Library of Congress",
      "recordUrl": "https://www.loc.gov/item/2005625337/",
      "viewerUrl": "https://www.loc.gov/item/2005625337/",
      "contextUrl": "https://guides.loc.gov/native-american-spaces/featured-maps",
      "credit": "Underlying mapmaker and colonial copyist unnamed. Supplied digital reproduction; exact scan provenance unconfirmed. Historical interpretation: Library of Congress and Newberry Library.",
      "rights": {
        "statement": "Underlying historical cartography is public domain. The saved LOC record permits reuse subject to item advisories; it describes a 1929 photostat. Exact scan provenance of this owner-supplied reproduction remains unconfirmed; do not attribute its digitization to LOC.",
        "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/2005625337/"
      },
      "annotation": "An archival reproduction preserves a copied network of communities and paths drawn from Indigenous knowledge. The conventional Catawba title does not establish the maker’s identity. Colonial annotations and multiple copying stages make its production history essential context for interpretation.",
      "perspective": "Indigenous knowledge / mediated copy",
      "regions": [
        "Southeast",
        "South Carolina"
      ],
      "subjects": [
        "History",
        "Indigenous geography"
      ],
      "preview": {
        "path": "assets/historical-maps/catawba-owner-supplied.png",
        "width": 1770,
        "height": 1217,
        "alt": "Supplied digital reproduction of the Catawba map, with circles for historical communities and connecting paths; copying and scan identification are explained in the record.",
        "changes": "Original owner-supplied pixels retained. The map-room and profile images display the whole frame; homepage backgrounds use CSS cropping and overlays. No generated content.",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.loc.gov/item/2005625337/",
        "licenseLabel": "Archive reuse and provenance notes",
        "sourceImageUrl": "https://tile.loc.gov/image-services/iiif/service:gmd:gmd386:g3860:g3860:ct000734/full/pct:25/0/default.jpg",
        "sourceDelivery": "Owner supplied the image and identified the LOC guide. A British Museum Add.MS4723 mark is visible; the file has not been established as the LOC1929photostat.",
        "visualInspection": {
          "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22",
          "scope": "Actual supplied digital reproduction visually inspected, including its title and visible community/place labels. This is not a claim to have inspected a higher-resolution original."
        }
      },
      "inspection": {
        "scope": "Actual owner-supplied digital reproduction visually inspected. LOC guide and saved full indexed item text read; direct item access remains blocked. Creator, surviving-copy dates and rights follow the identified archive record, with stated uncertainty. The supplied image carries a British Museum Add.MS4723 mark; its identity as a particular LOC photostat is not established. Nasaw, Cherrikies and Chickisa are linked through the inspected archive interpretations.",
        "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22"
      },
      "profileLinks": [
        {
          "originalId": 42,
          "relationship": "Historical community represented: Nasaw",
          "period": "Network represented around 1721; surviving copies and reproductions have separate dates.",
          "relevance": "Nasaw occupies the largest central circle. LOC identifies it as a central Catawba community, making this an educational link to Catawba history and relationships rather than proof of the maker's identity.",
          "observedMapFeature": "Nasaw",
          "evidence": [
            {
              "url": "https://blogs.loc.gov/maps/2016/11/celebrating-native-american-cartography-the-catawba-deerskin-map/",
              "pageReference": "Paragraph beginning The map is a stylistic representation; web lines 212–213.",
              "passageSummary": "Explicitly identifies Nasaw as a central community of the Catawba Nation and describes the path inscription.",
              "label": "LOC: Catawba map interpretation"
            }
          ],
          "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22",
          "inspectionScope": "Actual supplied label plus archive explanation of the named community.",
          "uncertainty": "Nasaw denotes a particular historical community; this link neither equates it with every Catawba community nor identifies the anonymous maker.",
          "profileSlug": "catawba",
          "profileName": "Catawba"
        },
        {
          "originalId": 51,
          "relationship": "Represented historical people",
          "period": "c. 1721 network",
          "relevance": "Cherrikies appears in the upper-right circle. Newberry explicitly identifies Cherokee among these represented communities. The link concerns historical representation.",
          "observedMapFeature": "Cherrikies",
          "evidence": [
            {
              "url": "https://publications.newberry.org/k12maps/module_02/curator.html",
              "pageReference": "Curator's Notes, paragraph The headman also emphasized; line 9.",
              "passageSummary": "Identifies Cherokee and Chickasaw among upper-right circles.",
              "label": "Newberry: curator’s notes"
            }
          ],
          "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22",
          "inspectionScope": "Image and curator text.",
          "uncertainty": "No present government, borders, or authorship determined.",
          "profileSlug": "cherokee",
          "profileName": "Cherokee"
        },
        {
          "originalId": 55,
          "relationship": "Represented historical people",
          "period": "c. 1721 network",
          "relevance": "Chickisa appears in the far-right circle. Newberry explicitly identifies Chickasaw among these represented communities. The link concerns historical representation.",
          "observedMapFeature": "Chickisa",
          "evidence": [
            {
              "url": "https://publications.newberry.org/k12maps/module_02/curator.html",
              "pageReference": "Same Curator's Notes paragraph; line 9.",
              "passageSummary": "Identifies Chickasaw; adjacent discussion warns about uneven scale.",
              "label": "Newberry: curator’s notes"
            }
          ],
          "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22",
          "inspectionScope": "Image and curator text.",
          "uncertainty": "No specific town, present jurisdiction, or authorship determined.",
          "profileSlug": "chickasaw",
          "profileName": "Chickasaw"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "hm-north-monongahela",
      "title": "Monongahela battlefield sketch",
      "historicalTitle": "Copy of a sketch of the Monongahela, with the field of battle,",
      "creator": "John Montrésor associated; unidentified Indigenous direction credited",
      "dateLabel": "[1755?]",
      "year": 1755,
      "dateNote": "Retain the catalog's uncertainty.",
      "archive": "Library of Congress",
      "recordUrl": "https://www.loc.gov/item/gm71002314/",
      "viewerUrl": "https://www.loc.gov/item/gm71002314/",
      "contextUrl": "https://guides.loc.gov/native-american-spaces/featured-maps",
      "credit": "Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division.",
      "rights": {
        "statement": "Reuse permitted unless an item-specific Rights Advisory states otherwise. No preview reproduced here.",
        "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/gm71002314/"
      },
      "annotation": "This battlefield sketch credits Indigenous direction, while the catalog associates it with John Montrésor. That wording exposes a history of mediation and copying. It offers a focused example of Indigenous geographic knowledge entering a colonial military record, with its maker unnamed.",
      "perspective": "Indigenous knowledge / mediated copy",
      "regions": [
        "Northeast",
        "Pennsylvania"
      ],
      "subjects": [
        "History",
        "Indigenous geography"
      ],
      "preview": null,
      "inspection": {
        "scope": "Read the full indexed archive record and the archive guide; direct item access was blocked. Map image not viewed. Retain the catalog's uncertainty.",
        "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21"
      },
      "profileLinks": []
    },
    {
      "id": "hm-north-canada-1777",
      "title": "Canada and neighboring borderlands, 1777",
      "historicalTitle": "A map of the inhabited part of Canada from the French surveys, with the frontiers of New York and New England;",
      "creator": "Claude Joseph Sauthier; William Faden",
      "dateLabel": "London, 1777",
      "year": 1777,
      "dateNote": "Guide thumbnail corresponds to digital copy ar015201.",
      "archive": "Library of Congress",
      "recordUrl": "https://www.loc.gov/item/73695741/",
      "viewerUrl": "https://www.loc.gov/item/73695741/",
      "contextUrl": "https://guides.loc.gov/native-american-spaces/featured-maps",
      "credit": "Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division.",
      "rights": {
        "statement": "Reuse permitted unless an item-specific Rights Advisory states otherwise. No preview reproduced here.",
        "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/73695741/"
      },
      "annotation": "A British colonial map of southern Quebec and neighboring borderlands, compiled from French surveys. Its military and commercial framing offers evidence about colonial priorities and representations of Indigenous people. Read it as a historical viewpoint, without treating it as present territorial authority.",
      "perspective": "Colonial cartography",
      "regions": [
        "Canada",
        "Northeast"
      ],
      "subjects": [
        "History",
        "Indigenous geography"
      ],
      "preview": null,
      "inspection": {
        "scope": "Read the full indexed archive record and the archive guide; direct item access was blocked. Map image not viewed. Guide thumbnail corresponds to digital copy ar015201.",
        "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21"
      },
      "profileLinks": []
    },
    {
      "id": "hm-north-manhattan",
      "title": "Manhattan and neighboring settlements",
      "historicalTitle": "Manatvs gelegen op de Noot [sic] Riuier",
      "creator": "Joan Vinckeboons",
      "dateLabel": "1639 design; surviving-copy dating differs",
      "year": 1665,
      "dateNote": "Actual LOC guide describes a copy around 1665 after a 1639 map. Previously saved catalogue notes report created/published 1639 but an index/citation date of 1670. Preserve this distinction; no certain surviving-object date is selected.",
      "archive": "Library of Congress",
      "recordUrl": "https://www.loc.gov/item/97683586/",
      "viewerUrl": "https://www.loc.gov/item/97683586/",
      "contextUrl": "https://guides.loc.gov/native-american-spaces/featured-maps",
      "credit": "Library of Congress, The Atlantic World: America and the Netherlands.",
      "rights": {
        "statement": "LOC record permits reuse subject to any item advisory; no contrary advisory observed in inspected record. Historical public-domain cartography.",
        "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/g3804n.ct000050/?st=list"
      },
      "annotation": "This Dutch colonial map records settlements and landholding around Manhattan; Indigenous villages also appear in the archive’s guide. It invites comparison of ways of naming and representing inhabited places. The catalog and guide give differing dates for the surviving copy.",
      "perspective": "Colonial cartography",
      "regions": [
        "Northeast",
        "New York"
      ],
      "subjects": [
        "History",
        "Indigenous geography"
      ],
      "preview": {
        "path": "assets/historical-maps/manatus-owner-supplied.png",
        "width": 1094,
        "height": 786,
        "alt": "Authentic Manhattan and neighboring settlements; full supplied digital reproduction.",
        "changes": "Original owner-supplied pixels retained. The map-room and profile images display the whole frame; homepage backgrounds use CSS cropping and overlays. No generated content.",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/g3804n.ct000050/?st=list",
        "licenseLabel": "LOC reuse notice",
        "sourceImageUrl": "https://tile.loc.gov/image-services/iiif/service:gmd:gmd380:g3804:g3804n:ct000050/full/pct:25/0/default.jpg",
        "sourceDelivery": "Owner supplied the actual image and identified the LOC guide as its source.",
        "visualInspection": {
          "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22",
          "scope": "Actual supplied digital reproduction visually inspected, including its title and visible community/place labels. This is not a claim to have inspected a higher-resolution original."
        }
      },
      "inspection": {
        "scope": "Actual owner-supplied digital reproduction visually inspected. LOC guide and saved full indexed item text read; direct item access remains blocked. Creator, surviving-copy dates and rights follow the identified archive record, with stated uncertainty.",
        "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22"
      },
      "profileLinks": [
        {
          "originalId": 231,
          "relationship": "Historical named-community reading link",
          "period": "Village represented in the 1639 design; surviving copy described as circa 1665",
          "relevance": "The LOC guide identifies Techkonis among the map's village symbols. The Center for Brooklyn History explicitly identifies Techkonis as a documented Munsee community. This supports historical reading, without present jurisdiction or direct descent to a particular government.",
          "observedMapFeature": "Techkonis longhouse symbol on the Brooklyn landmass; transcription supplied by the actual LOC guide, not inferred from a modern place name.",
          "evidence": [
            {
              "sourceId": "manatus-loc-guide",
              "url": "https://guides.loc.gov/native-american-spaces/featured-maps",
              "locator": "Section 1, An Early Dutch Map of Manhattan, paragraph 1, displayed lines 12–14",
              "paraphrase": "The guide explicitly names Techkonis as one of four villages represented by longhouses.",
              "label": "LOC: featured-map guide"
            },
            {
              "sourceId": "manatus-cbh-history",
              "url": "https://findingaids.library.nyu.edu/cbh/arms_1977_121_ny_wpa/",
              "locator": "Historical note, displayed lines 54–56",
              "paraphrase": "The historical note lists Techkonis among documented Munsee communities of the area.",
              "label": "Center for Brooklyn History: historical note"
            }
          ],
          "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22",
          "inspectionScope": "Direct archival identification of the same named historical community",
          "uncertainty": "A historical people/community access point, not a map of the modern Stockbridge-Munsee government, Munsee-Delaware Nation, their citizens, exclusive territories or legal successors.",
          "profileSlug": "munsee",
          "profileName": "Munsee"
        },
        {
          "originalId": 97,
          "relationship": "Broader historical people-level context; overlapping existing directory reading labels",
          "period": "Seventeenth-century village context, interpreted through modern archival scholarship and community self-description",
          "relevance": "Read the Munsee village within the broader Lenape/Delaware context supported by archival interpretation and community self-description. The two existing directory labels remain separate reading routes; neither identifies a modern government as the village's unique successor.",
          "observedMapFeature": "The same Techkonis village provides the grounded connection; this is contextual related reading rather than an independent third map-to-people identification.",
          "evidence": [
            {
              "sourceId": "manatus-cbh-history",
              "url": "https://findingaids.library.nyu.edu/cbh/arms_1977_121_ny_wpa/",
              "locator": "Historical note, displayed lines 55–56",
              "paraphrase": "The note places its documented Munsee communities within a regional Lenape/Delaware historical context.",
              "label": "Center for Brooklyn History: historical note"
            },
            {
              "sourceId": "manatus-munsee-community",
              "url": "https://munsee.ca/about/",
              "locator": "About Munsee-Delaware Nation, opening institutional description, displayed line 33",
              "paraphrase": "Munsee-Delaware Nation explicitly describes its own community as descended from the Lenni Lenape.",
              "label": "Munsee-Delaware Nation: community account"
            }
          ],
          "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22",
          "inspectionScope": "Contextual educational relationship; narrower Munsee link remains explicit",
          "uncertainty": "No inference that all Lenape communities share one government or that the present Ontario community is proved the particular village's descendant. Lenape/Delaware naming and Munsee relationships can differ with community and linguistic usage.",
          "profileSlug": "delaware-lenape",
          "profileName": "Delaware (Lenape)"
        },
        {
          "originalId": 182,
          "relationship": "Broader historical people-level context; overlapping existing directory reading labels",
          "period": "Seventeenth-century village context, interpreted through modern archival scholarship and community self-description",
          "relevance": "Read the Munsee village within the broader Lenape/Delaware context supported by archival interpretation and community self-description. The two existing directory labels remain separate reading routes; neither identifies a modern government as the village's unique successor.",
          "observedMapFeature": "The same Techkonis village provides the grounded connection; this is contextual related reading rather than an independent third map-to-people identification.",
          "evidence": [
            {
              "sourceId": "manatus-cbh-history",
              "url": "https://findingaids.library.nyu.edu/cbh/arms_1977_121_ny_wpa/",
              "locator": "Historical note, displayed lines 55–56",
              "paraphrase": "The note places its documented Munsee communities within a regional Lenape/Delaware historical context.",
              "label": "Center for Brooklyn History: historical note"
            },
            {
              "sourceId": "manatus-munsee-community",
              "url": "https://munsee.ca/about/",
              "locator": "About Munsee-Delaware Nation, opening institutional description, displayed line 33",
              "paraphrase": "Munsee-Delaware Nation explicitly describes its own community as descended from the Lenni Lenape.",
              "label": "Munsee-Delaware Nation: community account"
            }
          ],
          "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22",
          "inspectionScope": "Contextual educational relationship; narrower Munsee link remains explicit",
          "uncertainty": "No inference that all Lenape communities share one government or that the present Ontario community is proved the particular village's descendant. Lenape/Delaware naming and Munsee relationships can differ with community and linguistic usage.",
          "profileSlug": "lenape",
          "profileName": "Lenape"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "historical-powell-1891",
      "title": "Linguistic Stocks of American Indians North of Mexico.",
      "creator": "John Wesley Powell",
      "dateLabel": "1891",
      "year": 1891,
      "archive": "University of Texas at Arlington Library / UNT Libraries, The Portal to Texas History",
      "recordUrl": "https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth192751/",
      "viewerUrl": "https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth192751/",
      "credit": "University of Texas at Arlington Library / UNT Libraries, The Portal to Texas History.",
      "rights": {
        "statement": "The Portal permits linking and makes the item available for research, teaching and private study. It states that this digital object’s copyright status has not been determined. No image is reproduced here.",
        "url": "https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth192751/citation/"
      },
      "annotation": "Powell grouped North American Indigenous languages into the linguistic stocks used by nineteenth-century federal ethnology. Read this as a historical classification project, including its names and large colored areas, alongside language and community accounts. These areas do not establish present boundaries.",
      "perspective": "Federal survey / administration",
      "regions": [
        "North America"
      ],
      "subjects": [
        "Language"
      ],
      "preview": null,
      "inspection": {
        "scope": "Read the actual item metadata and item-specific Citations, Rights, Re-Use page on October 22. Prior IIIF manifest review is retained. No successful map image inspection; no individual-profile association inferred from the broad language-group description.",
        "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22"
      },
      "profileLinks": []
    },
    {
      "id": "historical-indian-territory-1889",
      "title": "Indian territory: compiled under the direction of the Hon. John H. Oberly, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, by C.A. Maxwell",
      "creator": "Charles A. Maxwell; United States Office of Indian Affairs",
      "dateLabel": "1889",
      "year": 1889,
      "archive": "Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division",
      "recordUrl": "https://www.loc.gov/item/98687111/",
      "viewerUrl": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/g4021e.ct000225/",
      "credit": "Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division.",
      "rights": {
        "statement": "LOC permits reuse of its digitized Geography and Map collections unless an item advisory restricts it.",
        "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/98687111/"
      },
      "annotation": "This Office of Indian Affairs map presents Indian Territory through federal administrative categories in 1889, with information about occupied lands, transfers and cessions. Its vocabulary belongs to that dated record. Examine federal mapping practices alongside the histories of the nations shown.",
      "perspective": "Federal survey / administration",
      "regions": [
        "Indian Territory",
        "Oklahoma"
      ],
      "subjects": [
        "Land administration"
      ],
      "preview": null,
      "inspection": {
        "scope": "Read indexed LOC item, actual viewer metadata/download choices and LOC guide. Later requests returned 403.",
        "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21"
      },
      "profileLinks": []
    },
    {
      "id": "historical-choctaw-nation-1900",
      "title": "Map of Choctaw Nation, Indian territory: compiled from official records of the United States Geological Survey",
      "creator": "R. L. McAlpine; United States Department of the Interior",
      "dateLabel": "1900",
      "year": 1900,
      "archive": "Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division",
      "recordUrl": "https://www.loc.gov/item/2007627519/",
      "viewerUrl": "http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g4022c.ct002096",
      "credit": "Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division.",
      "rights": {
        "statement": "LOC permits reuse of its digitized Geography and Map collections unless an item advisory restricts it.",
        "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/2007627519/"
      },
      "annotation": "McAlpine compiled this federal map from United States Geological Survey records. The catalog identifies approved coal leases and claims, while the LOC guide places it among Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes reports. Read its land-administration context without treating it as a present-day jurisdiction map.",
      "perspective": "Federal survey / administration",
      "regions": [
        "Indian Territory",
        "Oklahoma"
      ],
      "subjects": [
        "Land administration"
      ],
      "preview": null,
      "inspection": {
        "scope": "Read full indexed LOC item and relevant LOC guide entry. Direct item/viewer requests returned 403.",
        "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21"
      },
      "profileLinks": [
        {
          "originalId": 65,
          "relationship": "Named historical subject; federal land administration",
          "period": "1900",
          "relevance": "The archive identifies Choctaw Nation as the subject and describes allotments, selections and coal leases. This provides historical administrative context, not present-day jurisdiction.",
          "evidence": [
            {
              "url": "https://guides.loc.gov/native-american-spaces/cartographic-resources/indian-territory",
              "label": "LOC guide: Map of Choctaw Nation, 1900",
              "pageReference": "Digitized Maps, Map of Choctaw Nation, 1900; item caption and accompanying paragraph",
              "detail": "Actual guide names Choctaw Nation and identifies allotment and lease context."
            }
          ],
          "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22",
          "inspectionScope": "Actual archive guide and saved indexed record metadata; map image remains uninspected.",
          "uncertainty": "No image-label transcription or present government boundaries asserted.",
          "profileSlug": "choctaw",
          "profileName": "Choctaw"
        }
      ],
      "contextUrl": "https://guides.loc.gov/native-american-spaces/cartographic-resources/indian-territory"
    },
    {
      "id": "regional-desmet-1851",
      "title": "[Map of the upper Great Plains and Rocky Mountains region]",
      "creator": "Pierre-Jean De Smet (1801–1873), as named in the catalogue",
      "dateLabel": "1851",
      "year": 1851,
      "archive": "Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division",
      "recordUrl": "https://www.loc.gov/item/2005630226/",
      "viewerUrl": "https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g4050.ct000883",
      "credit": "Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division",
      "rights": {
        "statement": "Item-specific reproduction terms have not been verified. Link to original archive only.",
        "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/2005630226/"
      },
      "annotation": "Catalogued as an 1851 manuscript showing territories of named Indigenous peoples across the upper Plains and Rockies. De Smet's classifications belong to this historical document. Use for comparison with community accounts, not present boundaries; image labels and detail remain uninspected.",
      "perspective": "Historical map · metadata lead",
      "regions": [
        "Western North America"
      ],
      "subjects": [
        "Great Plains",
        "Rocky Mountains"
      ],
      "preview": null,
      "inspection": {
        "scope": "Indexed catalogue metadata only; direct record and image inspection remain pending. Catalogue date; not independently verified on the image",
        "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21"
      },
      "profileLinks": []
    },
    {
      "id": "regional-lewis-clark-1814",
      "title": "A map of Lewis and Clark's track across the western portion of North America, from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean : by order of the executive of the United States in 1804, 5 & 6",
      "creator": "Samuel Lewis; William Clark; Longman (Firm); Neele & Son, as named in the catalogue",
      "dateLabel": "1814",
      "year": 1814,
      "archive": "Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division",
      "recordUrl": "https://www.loc.gov/item/79692908/",
      "viewerUrl": "https://www.loc.gov/item/79692908/",
      "credit": "Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division",
      "rights": {
        "statement": "Item-specific reproduction terms have not been verified. Link to original archive only.",
        "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/79692908/"
      },
      "annotation": "Published in London in 1814, this expedition map offers a historical route across the western interior toward the Pacific. It is a record of United States exploration and its cartographers' framing. Specific Idaho-area Indigenous labels and image quality require visual verification.",
      "perspective": "Historical map · metadata lead",
      "regions": [
        "Western North America"
      ],
      "subjects": [
        "Western interior",
        "Potential Idaho-area comparison; labels not visually verified"
      ],
      "preview": null,
      "inspection": {
        "scope": "Indexed catalogue metadata only; direct record and image inspection remain pending. Catalogue publication: London, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, 1814",
        "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21"
      },
      "profileLinks": []
    },
    {
      "id": "regional-anonymous-c1890",
      "title": "[Map of North America showing Indian tribes]",
      "creator": "Producer not identified",
      "dateLabel": "[1890?]",
      "year": 1890,
      "archive": "Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division",
      "recordUrl": "https://www.loc.gov/item/2017585927/",
      "viewerUrl": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/g3301e.ct007515/",
      "credit": "Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division",
      "rights": {
        "statement": "Item-specific reproduction terms have not been verified. Link to original archive only.",
        "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/2017585927/"
      },
      "annotation": "An anonymously produced manuscript adds Indigenous labels to a printed North American base map. The archive dates it only approximately. Its continental scope may support Great Lakes comparisons, but attribution, individual labels and coloured areas need direct image review before detailed interpretation.",
      "perspective": "Historical map · metadata lead",
      "regions": [
        "North America"
      ],
      "subjects": [
        "North America",
        "Potential Great Lakes/Minnesota comparison; labels not visually verified"
      ],
      "preview": null,
      "inspection": {
        "scope": "Indexed catalogue metadata only; direct record and image inspection remain pending. Catalogue's uncertain date and possible United States production place preserved",
        "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21"
      },
      "profileLinks": []
    },
    {
      "id": "regional-stansbury-c1850",
      "title": "Map of a Reconnoissance between Fort Leavenworth on the Missouri River, and the Great Salt Lake in the Territory Of Utah, made in 1849 and 1850",
      "creator": "Howard Stansbury, cartographer; John W. Gunnison, Charles Preuss and James W. Abert, contributors; United States Army Corps of Engineers; Ackerman Lithr, publisher",
      "dateLabel": "[1850]",
      "year": 1850,
      "archive": "Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division",
      "recordUrl": "https://www.loc.gov/item/2018588052/",
      "viewerUrl": "https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g4042m.fi000131",
      "credit": "Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division",
      "rights": {
        "statement": "Item-specific reproduction terms have not been verified. Link to original archive only.",
        "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/2018588052/"
      },
      "annotation": "An Army reconnaissance map connects Fort Leavenworth with Great Salt Lake, showing tribal areas alongside routes, rivers and topography according to the catalogue. Read its geography within the expedition's perspective and period. Detailed Indigenous labels and boundaries remain visually unverified here.",
      "perspective": "Historical map · metadata lead",
      "regions": [
        "Western North America"
      ],
      "subjects": [
        "Great Plains",
        "Missouri River region",
        "Route toward Utah"
      ],
      "preview": null,
      "inspection": {
        "scope": "Indexed catalogue metadata only; direct record and image inspection remain pending. Catalogue supplied date based on latest survey date; bracketed publication date retained",
        "reviewedAt": "2026-10-21"
      },
      "profileLinks": []
    },
    {
      "id": "historical-cherokee-kitchin-1760",
      "creator": "Thomas Kitchin (engraver); unidentified Indigenous draught credited on the sheet",
      "dateLabel": "1760",
      "year": 1760,
      "archive": "Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries / Digital Library of Georgia",
      "recordUrl": "https://dlg.usg.edu/record/guan_hmap_hmap1760k5",
      "viewerUrl": "https://dlg.usg.edu/record/guan_hmap_hmap1760k5#item",
      "credit": "A new map of the Cherokee Nation, 1760, hmap1760k5, Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries; presented by the Digital Library of Georgia. Engraved by Thomas Kitchin.",
      "annotation": "Kitchin’s 1760 engraving names Cherokee towns and rivers. Its margin credits an unidentified Indigenous draught, mediated through a London magazine publication. Compare this historical representation with Cherokee accounts; it does not establish present government boundaries.",
      "perspective": "Colonial engraving / mediated Indigenous geographic knowledge",
      "regions": [
        "Southeast",
        "Cherokee country"
      ],
      "subjects": [
        "Cherokee towns",
        "Rivers",
        "Historical cartography"
      ],
      "inspection": {
        "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22",
        "recordRead": true,
        "imageViewed": true,
        "scope": "Read the complete actual archive record and manifest. Inspected the complete downloaded 3065x2372 scan at original resolution, including the cartouche, town/river labels and bottom engraver/source credit.",
        "observedFeatures": "Landscape sheet; named towns along rivers; mountain symbols; scale; decorated lower-left title; source/engraver credit below the map.",
        "limits": "No georeferencing, modern town equivalence, boundary inference or identification of the unnamed draught maker."
      },
      "title": "A new map of the Cherokee Nation",
      "historicalTitle": "A new map of the Cherokee Nation : with the names of the towns and rivers. They are situated on No. Lat. from 34 to 36 / engrav'd from an Indian draught by T. Kitchin, for the London Magazine.",
      "rights": {
        "statement": "No Copyright - United States. The repository labels these items free of copyright in the United States. This is a rights statement, not a Creative Commons license.",
        "url": "https://dlg.usg.edu/record/guan_hmap_hmap1760k5/presentation/manifest.json"
      },
      "profileLinks": [
        {
          "originalId": 51,
          "relationship": "Named subject of historical map",
          "period": "1760",
          "relevance": "This engraving depicts Cherokee towns and rivers in 1760. Its title identifies the Cherokee Nation, without assigning the map to a single present-day Cherokee government.",
          "evidence": [
            {
              "url": "https://dlg.usg.edu/record/guan_hmap_hmap1760k5",
              "label": "UGA / Digital Library of Georgia: item record",
              "detail": "The actual title identifies the Cherokee Nation; the scan labels Cherokee towns and rivers. The archive independently indexes Cherokee Nation history/maps."
            }
          ],
          "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22",
          "inspectionScope": "Read the complete actual archive record and manifest. Inspected the complete downloaded 3065x2372 scan at original resolution, including the cartouche, town/river labels and bottom engraver/source credit.",
          "uncertainty": "No georeferencing, modern town equivalence, boundary inference or identification of the unnamed draught maker.",
          "profileSlug": "cherokee",
          "profileName": "Cherokee"
        }
      ],
      "preview": {
        "path": "assets/historical-maps/cherokee-kitchin-1760.jpg",
        "width": 3065,
        "height": 2372,
        "alt": "A new map of the Cherokee Nation: authentic archival image, complete map face.",
        "changes": "None; archive full-frame JPEG downloaded unchanged.",
        "licenseUrl": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/",
        "licenseLabel": "No Copyright — United States",
        "sourceImageUrl": "https://dlg.usg.edu/images/iiif/2/dlg%2Fguan%2Fhmap%2Fguan_hmap_hmap1760k5%2Fguan_hmap_hmap1760k5-00001.jp2/full/full/0/default.jpg?download=true",
        "visualInspection": {
          "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22",
          "scope": "Read the complete actual archive record and manifest. Inspected the complete downloaded 3065x2372 scan at original resolution, including the cartouche, town/river labels and bottom engraver/source credit."
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "historical-okefenokee-seminole-1837-1838",
      "creator": "Greenleaf Dearborn (attributed by the archive)",
      "dateLabel": "1837–1838 (archive date range)",
      "year": 1838,
      "archive": "Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries / Digital Library of Georgia",
      "recordUrl": "https://dlg.usg.edu/record/guan_4209_harg4209-001-001-001",
      "viewerUrl": "https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/do:guan_4209_harg4209-001-001-001",
      "credit": "Second Seminole War, Okefenokee region manuscript map, ms4209, Box1 Folder1, Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries; presented by the Digital Library of Georgia.",
      "annotation": "Attributed to Greenleaf Dearborn, this 1837–1838 manuscript depicts military forts and routes around the Okefenokee during the Second Seminole War. It records an Army viewpoint, rather than Seminole territorial authority or present boundaries.",
      "perspective": "United States military manuscript",
      "regions": [
        "Southeast",
        "Georgia",
        "Florida",
        "Okefenokee region"
      ],
      "subjects": [
        "Second Seminole War",
        "Military routes",
        "Historical cartography"
      ],
      "inspection": {
        "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22",
        "recordRead": true,
        "imageViewed": true,
        "scope": "Read the complete actual item record and rights. Downloaded the actual two-page PDF, rendered both pages at 2200px, and visually inspected both: map face and verso sketches.",
        "observedFeatures": "Handwritten map around the Okefenokee with wetlands, streams, fort symbols and dotted routes; verso bears a short map label and sketches.",
        "limits": "No full handwriting transcription, exact sensitive-place coordinates, present boundaries or certainty beyond the archive's author attribution."
      },
      "title": "Second Seminole War: Okefenokee region manuscript map",
      "historicalTitle": "Map",
      "rights": {
        "statement": "No Copyright - United States. The repository labels these items free of copyright in the United States. This is a rights statement, not a Creative Commons license.",
        "url": "https://dlg.usg.edu/record/guan_4209_harg4209-001-001-001"
      },
      "profileLinks": [
        {
          "originalId": 340,
          "relationship": "Historical military-conflict context",
          "period": "1837–1838 (archive date range)",
          "relevance": "The archive dates this military map to 1837–1838 during the Second Seminole War. It depicts forts and routes around the Okefenokee, providing historical context rather than Seminole-authored territorial information.",
          "evidence": [
            {
              "url": "https://dlg.usg.edu/record/guan_4209_harg4209-001-001-001",
              "label": "UGA / Digital Library of Georgia: item record",
              "detail": "The actual record identifies the Second Seminole War and indexes Seminole Indians/Florida and Seminole wars. The scan shows military routes and forts in the region."
            }
          ],
          "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22",
          "inspectionScope": "Read the complete actual item record and rights. Downloaded the actual two-page PDF, rendered both pages at 2200px, and visually inspected both: map face and verso sketches.",
          "uncertainty": "No full handwriting transcription, exact sensitive-place coordinates, present boundaries or certainty beyond the archive's author attribution.",
          "profileSlug": "seminole",
          "profileName": "Seminole"
        }
      ],
      "preview": {
        "path": "assets/historical-maps/okefenokee-seminole-1837-1838.png",
        "width": 2200,
        "height": 1761,
        "alt": "Second Seminole War: Okefenokee region manuscript map: authentic archival image, complete map face.",
        "changes": "Full-page rendering of archive PDF; no redraw, retouching, color alteration or content removal. Credit any subsequent resize.",
        "licenseUrl": "http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/",
        "licenseLabel": "No Copyright — United States",
        "sourceImageUrl": "https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/data/guan/4209/pdfs/guan_4209_harg4209-001-001-001.pdf",
        "visualInspection": {
          "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22",
          "scope": "Read the complete actual item record and rights. Downloaded the actual two-page PDF, rendered both pages at 2200px, and visually inspected both: map face and verso sketches."
        }
      },
      "fullSourceUrl": "https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/data/guan/4209/pdfs/guan_4209_harg4209-001-001-001.pdf",
      "fullSourceLabel": "View both PDF pages"
    },
    {
      "id": "historical-creek-seminole-1902",
      "title": "Creek & Seminole Nations, Indian Territory",
      "historicalTitle": "Creek & Seminole Nations, Indian territory: compiled from the United States Survey",
      "creator": "C. H. Dana; U.S. Department of the Interior, Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes",
      "dateLabel": "[1902]",
      "year": 1902,
      "archive": "Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division",
      "recordUrl": "https://www.loc.gov/item/2007627514/",
      "viewerUrl": "https://www.loc.gov/item/2007627514/",
      "contextUrl": "https://guides.loc.gov/native-american-spaces/cartographic-resources/indian-territory",
      "credit": "Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division; compiled and drawn by C. H. Dana.",
      "rights": {
        "statement": "Item-specific reproduction terms have not been newly verified; archive link only, with no preview reproduced.",
        "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/2007627514/"
      },
      "annotation": "A federal survey-based map of the Creek and Seminole Nations in Indian Territory, dated [1902] by the archive. The Library of Congress guide identifies its historical subjects; the original image remains uninspected. Read its administrative viewpoint alongside community accounts.",
      "perspective": "Federal survey / administration",
      "regions": [
        "Indian Territory",
        "Oklahoma"
      ],
      "subjects": [
        "Creek Nation",
        "Seminole Nation",
        "Historical administration"
      ],
      "preview": null,
      "inspection": {
        "scope": "Read the actual Library of Congress guide caption and description for this map. The direct item request returned HTTP 403; the individual item record and map image were not inspected.",
        "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22",
        "recordRead": false,
        "imageViewed": false,
        "guideRead": true
      },
      "profileLinks": [
        {
          "originalId": 232,
          "relationship": "Named historical subject in archival guide",
          "period": "[1902]",
          "relevance": "The archive identifies the Creek and Seminole Nations as the map’s historical subjects. No current boundaries or particular modern government are inferred.",
          "evidence": [
            {
              "url": "https://guides.loc.gov/native-american-spaces/cartographic-resources/indian-territory",
              "label": "LOC guide: Creek and Seminole Nations, 1902",
              "pageReference": "Digitized Maps, Map of the Creek and Seminole Nations, 1902; caption and description"
            }
          ],
          "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22",
          "inspectionScope": "Named-subject association from actual archive guide; original map image remains uninspected.",
          "uncertainty": "Historical administrative representation; no image transcription, exclusivity, modern-government equivalence or authorship by either people is established.",
          "profileSlug": "muscogee-creek",
          "profileName": "Muscogee (Creek)"
        },
        {
          "originalId": 340,
          "relationship": "Named historical subject in archival guide",
          "period": "[1902]",
          "relevance": "The archive identifies the Creek and Seminole Nations as the map’s historical subjects. No current boundaries or particular modern government are inferred.",
          "evidence": [
            {
              "url": "https://guides.loc.gov/native-american-spaces/cartographic-resources/indian-territory",
              "label": "LOC guide: Creek and Seminole Nations, 1902",
              "pageReference": "Digitized Maps, Map of the Creek and Seminole Nations, 1902; caption and description"
            }
          ],
          "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22",
          "inspectionScope": "Named-subject association from actual archive guide; original map image remains uninspected.",
          "uncertainty": "Historical administrative representation; no image transcription, exclusivity, modern-government equivalence or authorship by either people is established.",
          "profileSlug": "seminole",
          "profileName": "Seminole"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "historical-nez-perce-wallowa-1873",
      "title": "Proposed Nez Perce reservation in the Wallowa Valley",
      "historicalTitle": "Map of Proposed Nez Perce Reservation",
      "creator": "Office of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of the Interior (archive attribution; individual drafter unidentified)",
      "dateLabel": "1873",
      "year": 1873,
      "dateNote": "The archive dates the map to 1873. A related federal text describes a reservation diagram on June 9, 1873, followed by the June 16 executive order. The map image has not independently established an exact drawing date.",
      "archive": "University of Idaho Library, Archival Idaho Photograph Collection; source document at the U.S. National Archives",
      "recordUrl": "https://www.lib.uidaho.edu/digital/archivalidaho/items/archivalidaho440.html",
      "viewerUrl": "https://objects.lib.uidaho.edu/archivalidaho/archivalidaho440.jpg",
      "contextUrl": "https://www.lib.uidaho.edu/mcbeth/governmentdoc/txexecutive.htm",
      "credit": "Office of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior; NARA, RG 75, E107, Executive Order File, Box 2, Wallowa Valley. Digital image: University of Idaho Library, Archival Idaho Photograph Collection, NARA16DC2.",
      "rights": {
        "statement": "The University of Idaho item record identifies the material as public domain and supplies Public Domain Mark 1.0. This is a public-domain designation, not a Creative Commons license imposing attribution conditions. Archive and source credits are retained.",
        "url": "https://www.lib.uidaho.edu/digital/archivalidaho/items/archivalidaho440.html"
      },
      "annotation": "This federal map outlines a proposed reservation in northeastern Oregon. Its title explicitly names Nez Perce people and the Wallowa Valley; red lines, rivers and survey divisions explain the proposed tract. Read it alongside the government's 1873 order. The map records an administrative proposal rather than the full Nez Perce homeland or present boundaries.",
      "perspective": "Federal reservation administration",
      "regions": [
        "Northwest",
        "Oregon"
      ],
      "subjects": [
        "History",
        "Reservation proposals"
      ],
      "preview": {
        "path": "assets/historical-maps/nez-perce-wallowa-1873.jpg",
        "width": 3286,
        "height": 2243,
        "alt": "1873 federal map of a proposed Nez Perce reservation in Oregon's Wallowa Valley, with a red boundary, rivers and survey grid; the archive image clips some outer text and edges.",
        "changes": "Original archive-delivered JPEG retained without image alteration. Display the complete available digital frame. The supplied archive image itself clips part of the left title and outer map edges; it is not a complete-sheet scan claim. No generated content.",
        "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/",
        "licenseLabel": "Public Domain Mark 1.0",
        "sourceImageUrl": "https://objects.lib.uidaho.edu/archivalidaho/archivalidaho440.jpg",
        "visualInspection": {
          "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22",
          "scope": "Actual downloaded 3286 by 2243 archive JPEG inspected visually (tool display resized to 1920 by 1310). Title, red border, Grand Ronde River, West Fork, Wallowa River and survey-grid context read. No unseen manuscript portions claimed."
        }
      },
      "inspection": {
        "scope": "Full University of Idaho item record, actual archive JPEG and linked Public Domain Mark read. Related university transcription of the 1873 federal order also read. The original physical NARA document was not inspected. The digital frame has clipped outer content; finer or missing text is not transcribed.",
        "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22"
      },
      "profileLinks": [
        {
          "originalId": 247,
          "relationship": "Named historical reservation proposal",
          "period": "1873 Wallowa Valley proposal and executive-order context",
          "relevance": "The image title and archival description explicitly identify the Nez Perce. This offers a narrow reading route into federal treatment of Wallowa Valley land in 1873; it does not represent every Nez Perce community or a present government boundary.",
          "observedMapFeature": "NEZ PERCE INDIANS, Wallowa Valley and OREGON in the title; red outlined tract beside labeled rivers and survey divisions.",
          "evidence": [
            {
              "url": "https://www.lib.uidaho.edu/digital/archivalidaho/items/archivalidaho440.html",
              "label": "University of Idaho: item description and archival provenance",
              "pageReference": "Title, Description, Source and Rights fields",
              "passageSummary": "Identifies a proposed Nez Perce reservation in the Wallowa Valley, dates it to 1873, attributes it to the Office of Indian Affairs, and supplies the NARA file reference and public-domain designation."
            },
            {
              "url": "https://objects.lib.uidaho.edu/archivalidaho/archivalidaho440.jpg",
              "label": "Actual archival map image",
              "pageReference": "Left title and upper/right map field",
              "passageSummary": "Visible title names Nez Perce and Wallowa Valley; red border and river/survey labels make the historical proposal legible."
            },
            {
              "url": "https://www.lib.uidaho.edu/mcbeth/governmentdoc/txexecutive.htm",
              "label": "1873 order: university transcription of a federal report",
              "pageReference": "June 9 Office of Indian Affairs description and June 16 executive order; printed source cited as pages 765–766, Serial Set 1850",
              "passageSummary": "Describes a proposed reservation diagram marked in red and the later executive order. Read as federal administrative language; no claim that the transcription reproduces the actual map image."
            }
          ],
          "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22",
          "inspectionScope": "Direct identification in both actual image and archive record, with related primary-text context.",
          "uncertainty": "Individual drafter, exact drawing date and digitization date are not identified. The Wallowa proposal is in Oregon; its link to the Idaho-priority Nez Perce entry must not turn it into an Idaho reservation map.",
          "profileSlug": "nez-perce-nimiipuu",
          "profileName": "Nez Perce (Nimiipuu)"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "historical-grand-portage-1946",
      "title": "Historical Map Grand Portage Indian Reservation",
      "creator": "Ralph M. Shane and Grand Portage Band of Chippewa Indians (catalogued authors)",
      "dateLabel": "1946",
      "year": 1946,
      "archive": "David Rumsey Historical Map Collection",
      "recordUrl": "https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~333234~90101467:Historical-Map-Grand-Portage-Indian",
      "viewerUrl": "https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~333234~90101467:Historical-Map-Grand-Portage-Indian",
      "contextUrl": "https://www.nps.gov/grpo/learn/historyculture/index.htm",
      "credit": "Ralph M. Shane and Grand Portage Band of Chippewa Indians; W. A. Fisher Company, Virginia, Minnesota, 1946. David Rumsey Historical Map Collection, list 10847.000.",
      "rights": {
        "statement": "The catalogue records a 1946 copyright notice naming the Grand Portage Band of Chippewa Indians. Item-specific image reproduction permission has not been established; archive link only.",
        "url": "https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~333234~90101467:Historical-Map-Grand-Portage-Indian"
      },
      "annotation": "A historical map catalogued under Ralph M. Shane and the Grand Portage Band. It offers a community-specific reading route for Grand Portage, Minnesota. The archive labels its region Wisconsin; community and NPS sources place this Grand Portage in Minnesota. The map image remains uninspected.",
      "perspective": "Historical map with tribal co-authorship credited by the catalogue",
      "regions": [
        "Great Lakes",
        "Minnesota"
      ],
      "subjects": [
        "Grand Portage",
        "Ojibwe",
        "Anishinaabe",
        "Historical cartography"
      ],
      "preview": null,
      "dateNote": "Publication year and authorship are catalogue evidence. No independent image transcription or copy-date verification is claimed.",
      "inspection": {
        "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22",
        "recordRead": true,
        "imageViewed": false,
        "scope": "Read the actual catalogue fields and the Grand Portage Band and NPS community pages. The exact linked archive preview returned HTTP 404. Its generic descriptive summary is not treated as verified image content. Wisconsin catalogue geography conflicts with the community-specific Minnesota evidence; that discrepancy is disclosed."
      },
      "profileLinks": [
        {
          "originalId": 265,
          "relationship": "Community-specific historical map; catalogue-based connection",
          "period": "1946 publication; Grand Portage community",
          "relevance": "The catalogue credits the Grand Portage Band as co-author. Community and NPS sources identify Grand Portage with Ojibwe / Anishinaabe history in Minnesota. This is one community example within the broader directory entry; the map image remains uninspected.",
          "evidence": [
            {
              "url": "https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~333234~90101467:Historical-Map-Grand-Portage-Indian",
              "label": "Rumsey catalogue: authors, date and copyright note",
              "pageReference": "Author; Date; Note; Publisher; list number 10847.000"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://www.grandportageband.com/",
              "label": "Grand Portage Band: community and lands",
              "pageReference": "Community and Tribal Lands & Resources sections"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://www.nps.gov/grpo/learn/historyculture/index.htm",
              "label": "Grand Portage: Ojibwe / Anishinaabe community context",
              "pageReference": "Homeland of the Grand Portage Anishinaabe"
            }
          ],
          "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22",
          "inspectionScope": "Actual archive catalogue and community context read; no map image inspection.",
          "uncertainty": "No claim of representation of every Ojibwe or Anishinaabe nation, present boundaries or current community endorsement.",
          "profileSlug": "ojibwe",
          "profileName": "Ojibwe"
        },
        {
          "originalId": 14,
          "relationship": "Community-specific historical map; catalogue-based connection",
          "period": "1946 publication; Grand Portage community",
          "relevance": "The catalogue credits the Grand Portage Band as co-author. Community and NPS sources identify Grand Portage with Ojibwe / Anishinaabe history in Minnesota. This is one community example within the broader directory entry; the map image remains uninspected.",
          "evidence": [
            {
              "url": "https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~333234~90101467:Historical-Map-Grand-Portage-Indian",
              "label": "Rumsey catalogue: authors, date and copyright note",
              "pageReference": "Author; Date; Note; Publisher; list number 10847.000"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://www.grandportageband.com/",
              "label": "Grand Portage Band: community and lands",
              "pageReference": "Community and Tribal Lands & Resources sections"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://www.nps.gov/grpo/learn/historyculture/index.htm",
              "label": "Grand Portage: Ojibwe / Anishinaabe community context",
              "pageReference": "Homeland of the Grand Portage Anishinaabe"
            }
          ],
          "reviewedAt": "2026-10-22",
          "inspectionScope": "Actual archive catalogue and community context read; no map image inspection.",
          "uncertainty": "No claim of representation of every Ojibwe or Anishinaabe nation, present boundaries or current community endorsement.",
          "profileSlug": "anishinaabe",
          "profileName": "Anishinaabe"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "historical-kiowa-range-mooney-1899",
      "title": "The Kiowa Range Showing the Location of the Plains Tribes in 1832 with their Kiowa Names and the Principal Military and Trading Posts",
      "creator": "James Mooney (attributed in the catalogue description; Creator field is empty)",
      "dateLabel": "1898 map; 1899 catalogue creation date",
      "year": 1899,
      "dateNote": "The item lists Creation Date 1899; its description dates Mooney's map to 1898. The title refers to the represented year 1832.",
      "archive": "University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons, American Indian and Alaskan Native Documents Maps and Illustrations",
      "recordUrl": "https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/maps/35/",
      "viewerUrl": "https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/maps/35/",
      "credit": "OU College of Law Digital Commons; Johnson's bibliographic reference 1899-96.",
      "rights": {
        "statement": "No item-specific rights statement was present in the catalogue text inspected. Reproduction permission has not been established; archive link only.",
        "url": "https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/maps/35/"
      },
      "annotation": "The archive describes a historical depiction of Plains peoples, Kiowa names, and military and trading posts. It places the represented Kiowa range between the Arkansas and Brazos rivers. The catalogue credits Mooney; use of Kiowa names does not establish Indigenous authorship. Map image uninspected; no present boundaries inferred.",
      "perspective": "Historical ethnographic cartography",
      "regions": [
        "Great Plains"
      ],
      "subjects": [
        "Historical cartography",
        "Kiowa",
        "Plains peoples"
      ],
      "preview": null,
      "inspection": {
        "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27",
        "recordRead": true,
        "imageViewed": false,
        "scope": "Read actual item catalogue Title, Creator, Johnson's Bibliographic Reference, Source Document Title, Creation Date, and Description. Creator field is empty. No image or linked source document inspected."
      },
      "profileLinks": []
    },
    {
      "id": "historical-us-reservations-1895-ou",
      "title": "Map Showing Indian Reservations within the Limits of the United States, 1895",
      "creator": "Compiler unnamed; compiled under D. M. Browning, Commissioner of Indian Affairs (catalogue description; Creator field is empty)",
      "dateLabel": "1895",
      "year": 1895,
      "archive": "University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons, American Indian and Alaskan Native Documents Maps and Illustrations",
      "recordUrl": "https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/maps/21/",
      "viewerUrl": "https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/maps/21/",
      "credit": "OU College of Law Digital Commons; Johnson's bibliographic reference 1895-127.",
      "rights": {
        "statement": "No item-specific rights statement was present in the catalogue text inspected. Reproduction permission has not been established; archive link only.",
        "url": "https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/maps/21/"
      },
      "annotation": "A reservation map catalogued with the Commissioner's 1895 report. The archive identifies federal supervision of compilation and provides contextual discussion of coercion, cession, and removal. Its administrative viewpoint concerns the historical reservation system. The map image remains uninspected; no present boundaries or community identities are inferred.",
      "perspective": "Federal reservation administration",
      "regions": [
        "United States"
      ],
      "subjects": [
        "Historical cartography",
        "Reservations"
      ],
      "preview": null,
      "inspection": {
        "reviewedAt": "2026-10-27",
        "recordRead": true,
        "imageViewed": false,
        "scope": "Read actual item catalogue Title, Creator, Johnson's Bibliographic Reference, Source Document Title, Creation Date, and Description. Creator field is empty. No image or linked source document inspected."
      },
      "profileLinks": []
    }
  ]
}